1
|
Leuci R, Brunetti L, Tufarelli V, Cerini M, Paparella M, Puvača N, Piemontese L. Role of copper chelating agents: between old applications and new perspectives in neuroscience. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:751-762. [PMID: 38886940 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-24-00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The role of copper element has been an increasingly relevant topic in recent years in the fields of human and animal health, for both the study of new drugs and innovative food and feed supplements. This metal plays an important role in the central nervous system, where it is associated with glutamatergic signaling, and it is widely involved in inflammatory processes. Thus, diseases involving copper (II) dyshomeostasis often have neurological symptoms, as exemplified by Alzheimer's and other diseases (such as Parkinson's and Wilson's diseases). Moreover, imbalanced copper ion concentrations have also been associated with diabetes and certain types of cancer, including glioma. In this paper, we propose a comprehensive overview of recent results that show the importance of these metal ions in several pathologies, mainly Alzheimer's disease, through the lens of the development and use of copper chelators as research compounds and potential therapeutics if included in multi-target hybrid drugs. Seeing how copper homeostasis is important for the well-being of animals as well as humans, we shortly describe the state of the art regarding the effects of copper and its chelators in agriculture, livestock rearing, and aquaculture, as ingredients for the formulation of feed supplements as well as to prevent the effects of pollution on animal productions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosalba Leuci
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Leonardo Brunetti
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Tufarelli
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Jonian Area (DiMePRe-J), Section of Veterinary Science and Animal Production, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Marco Cerini
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Marco Paparella
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Nikola Puvača
- Department of Engineering Management in Biotechnology, Faculty of Economics and Engineering Management in Novi Sad, University Business Academy in Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Luca Piemontese
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang K, Shi X, Lin H, Xu T, Xu S. Selenium deficiency exacerbates ROS/ER stress mediated pyroptosis and ferroptosis induced by bisphenol A in chickens thymus. J Environ Sci (China) 2025; 148:13-26. [PMID: 39095152 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2024.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is an industrial pollutant that can cause immune impairment. Selenium acts as an antioxidant, as selenium deficiency often accompanies oxidative stress, resulting in organ damage. This study is the first to demonstrate that BPA and/or selenium deficiency induce pyroptosis and ferroptosis-mediated thymic injury in chicken and chicken lymphoma cell (MDCC-MSB-1) via oxidative stress-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. We established a broiler chicken model of BPA and/or selenium deficiency exposure and collected thymus samples as research subjects after 42 days. The results demonstrated that BPA or selenium deficiency led to a decrease in antioxidant enzyme activities (T-AOC, CAT, and GSH-Px), accumulation of peroxides (H2O2 and MDA), significant upregulation of ER stress-related markers (GRP78, IER 1, PERK, EIF-2α, ATF4, and CHOP), a significant increase in iron ion levels, significant upregulation of pyroptosis-related gene (NLRP3, ASC, Caspase1, GSDMD, IL-18 and IL-1β), significantly increase ferroptosis-related genes (TFRC, COX2) and downregulate GPX4, HO-1, FTH, NADPH. In vitro experiments conducted in MDCC-MSB-1 cells confirmed the results, demonstrating that the addition of antioxidant (NAC), ER stress inhibitor (TUDCA) and pyroptosis inhibitor (Vx765) alleviated oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis. Overall, this study concludes that the combined effects of oxidative stress and ER stress mediate pyroptosis and ferroptosis in chicken thymus induced by BPA exposure and selenium deficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xu Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Hongjin Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Tong Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Shiwen Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bonato B, Simonetti V, Guerra S, Castiello U. Artificial and biological supports are different for pea plants. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2024; 19:2355739. [PMID: 38837041 PMCID: PMC7616103 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2024.2355739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Previous studies on the kinematics of pea plants' ascent and attach behavior have demonstrated that the signature of their movement varies depending on the kind of support. So far, these studies have been confined to artificial supports (e.g. wooden sticks). Little is known regarding the conditions under which pea plants could rely on biological supports (e.g. neighboring plants) for climbing toward the light. In this study, we capitalize on the 3D kinematic analysis of movement to ascertain whether pea plants scale their kinematics differently depending on whether they aim for artificial or biological support. Results suggest that biological support determines a smoother and more accurate behavior than that elicited by the artificial one. These results shed light on pea plants' ability to detect and classify the properties of objects and implement a movement plan attuned to the very nature of the support. We contend that such differences depend on the augmented multisensory experience elicited by the biological support.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Bonato
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Silvia Guerra
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Umberto Castiello
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sovi S, Adomako K, Kyei B, Kena AW, Olympio OS, Aggrey SE. A comparative study of population structure and genetic diversity of commercial and indigenous chickens from different agro-ecological zones in Ghana using SilicoDArT and SNP markers. Gene 2024; 929:148823. [PMID: 39122230 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Chicken production, both in the local and commercial sectors, contributes significantly to human livelihood and food security. Precise use of diverse genetic resources is primary in breeding programs. The study analyzed the genetic diversity and population structure of commercial chickens and indigenous chicken ecotypes from three different agro-ecological zones (Semi-Deciduous Rainforest Zone, Guinea Savannah, and Coastal Savannah) using SilicoDArT and SNP markers, utilizing whole-genome sequencing and phenotypic data. Phenotypic data were collected from 72 indigenous chicken ecotypes across the three AEZs, and 32 commercial birds kept at the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST). DNA samples used for sequencing were obtained from 88 chickens (62 indigenous chicken ecotypes and 26 commercial chickens). A total of 54,995 SilicoDArT and 85,396 SNPs markers were generated from DArTseq genotyping. After filtering, 44,784 SilicoDArT and 58,353 SNP were used for genetic diversity and population structure analysis. Both markers showed high reproducibility and call rate. Polymorphic information content (PIC) values ranged from 0.00 to 0.50, while ≥ 50 % showed PIC values more than the median. Furthermore, we obtained FST values, Nei's genetic distance, dendrogram analysis, and principal component analysis (PCA) of commercial and indigenous chickens. The FST and Nei's genetic distance showed that there is high genetic diversity between the commercial chickens and the indigenous chicken ecotypes. However, there was low genetic diversity among the indigenous chicken ecotypes. The PCA analysis indicated a clear separation between the commercial and indigenous chicken ecotypes, while no clear separation was observed between the indigenous chicken ecotypes. The phenotypic data and the dendrogram indicated that naked and frizzle genes do not markedly alter the genetics of indigenous and commercial birds, and their influence on economic traits may be solely determined by the prevailing environmental conditions. The results indicate that there is high genetic differentiation between commercial and indigenous chickens based on SilicoDArT and SNP markers. The indigenous chickens from the agro-ecological zones have low genetic diversity and might have a common origin. Naked neck and frizzle genes do not markedly alter the genetic performance of birds in terms of economic traits. Therefore, the superiority of birds carrying these genes in economic traits may be solely due to environmental variation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Selorm Sovi
- Department of Animal Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Nutrigenomics Laboratory, Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, USA
| | - Kwaku Adomako
- Department of Animal Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
| | - Bismark Kyei
- Department of Animal Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Alexander Wireko Kena
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Oscar Simon Olympio
- Department of Animal Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Samuel E Aggrey
- Nutrigenomics Laboratory, Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Genty G, Sandoval-Castillo J, Beheregaray LB, Möller LM. Into the Blue: Exploring genetic mechanisms behind the evolution of baleen whales. Gene 2024; 929:148822. [PMID: 39103058 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Marine ecosystems are ideal for studying evolutionary adaptations involved in lineage diversification due to few physical barriers and reduced opportunities for strict allopatry compared to terrestrial ecosystems. Cetaceans (whales, dolphins, and porpoises) are a diverse group of mammals that successfully adapted to various habitats within the aquatic environment around 50 million years ago. While the overall adaptive transition from terrestrial to fully aquatic species is relatively well understood, the radiation of modern whales is still unclear. Here high-quality genomes derived from previously published data were used to identify genomic regions that potentially underpinned the diversification of baleen whales (Balaenopteridae). A robust molecular phylogeny was reconstructed based on 10,159 single copy and complete genes for eight mysticetes, seven odontocetes and two cetacean outgroups. Analysis of positive selection across 3,150 genes revealed that balaenopterids have undergone numerous idiosyncratic and convergent genomic variations that may explain their diversification. Genes associated with aging, survival and homeostasis were enriched in all species. Additionally, positive selection on genes involved in the immune system were disclosed for the two largest species, blue and fin whales. Such genes can potentially be ascribed to their morphological evolution, allowing them to attain greater length and increased cell number. Further evidence is presented about gene regions that might have contributed to the extensive anatomical changes shown by cetaceans, including adaptation to distinct environments and diets. This study contributes to our understanding of the genomic basis of diversification in baleen whales and the molecular changes linked to their adaptive radiation, thereby enhancing our understanding of cetacean evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Genty
- Cetacean Ecology, Behaviour and Evolution Lab, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; Molecular Ecology Lab, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
| | - Jonathan Sandoval-Castillo
- Molecular Ecology Lab, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Luciano B Beheregaray
- Molecular Ecology Lab, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Luciana M Möller
- Cetacean Ecology, Behaviour and Evolution Lab, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; Molecular Ecology Lab, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Fan Y, Liao J, Zhou Q, Liu Y, Che L, Tang J. Rapid prediction of the chemical composition of pet food using a benchtop and handheld near-infrared spectrometer. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 323:124916. [PMID: 39096679 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
Quality of pet foods can be affected by many factors such as raw materials, formulations, and processing techniques. The pet food manufacturers require fast analyses to control the nutritional quality of their products. Herein, near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) was evaluated to quantify the chemical composition of pet food, and the performances of two NIR spectrometers were investigated and compared: a benchtop instrument (1000-2500 nm) and a low-cost handheld instrument (900-1700 nm). Seventy cat food and thirty-six dog samples were characterized using reference methods for crude protein, crude fat, crude fibre, crude ash, moisture, calcium (Ca), and phosphorus (P). Principal component regression (PCR) and partial least squares regression (PLSR) were used to establish the models that involved the cat food and mixed model. The characteristic wavelengths were selected using a competitive adaptive reweighted-sampling (CARS) algorithm. The Optimal models obtained from the benchtop instrument for crude protein, crude fat, and moisture were classified as "Good" or "Very good" (Residual prediction variation (RPD) > 3), for crude fibre were classified as "Poor" (RPD>2), and for crude ash, Ca and P (RPD<2) were classified as "Very poor". The Optimal calibrations obtained from the handheld instrument for crude protein, crude fat, and moisture were classified as "Good" or "Very good" (RPD>3), for crude fibre, crude ash, Ca, and P were classified as "Very poor" (RPD<2). Generally, the the performance of benchtop and handheld instrument was close, and the cat food model outperformed the mixed model. Results from the current study revealed the potential to monitor the chemical compositions in pet food on a large scale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Fan
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan 625014, China.
| | - Jinqiu Liao
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan 625014, China.
| | - Qiang Zhou
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Yang Liu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Lianqiang Che
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Jiayong Tang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Boštjančić LL, Dragičević P, Bonassin L, Francesconi C, Tarandek A, Schardt L, Rutz C, Hudina S, Schwenk K, Lecompte O, Theissinger K. Expression of C/EBP and Kr-h1 transcription factors under immune stimulation in the noble crayfish. Gene 2024; 929:148813. [PMID: 39094714 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) have an important role in the regulation of the gene expression network. The role of TFs in the immune response of freshwater crayfish is poorly understood, but leveraging the regulatory mechanisms of immune response could augment the resistance against the invasive oomycete pathogen, Aphanomyces astaci. Previous studies indicated that the TFs CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) and putative Krüppel homolog-1 protein (Kr-h1) might play a role in immune and stress response of the noble crayfish (Astacus astacus). Here, we aimed to further characterise these two gene products to gain a better understanding of their evolutionary origin, domain organisation and expression patterns across different crayfish tissues. Furthermore, we conducted an immune stimulation experiment to observe the potential changes in the gene expression of C/EBP and Kr-h1 under immune challenge in different crayfish tissues. Our results showed that both C/EBP and Kr-h1 are closely related to other C/EBPs and Kr-h1s in Malacostraca. Gene expression analysis revealed that both TFs are present in all analysed tissues, with higher expression of C/EBP in the gills and Kr-h1 in the abdominal muscle. Immune stimulation with laminarin (mimicking β-1-3-glucan in the oomycete cell wall) showed an activation of the crayfish immune system, with an overall increase in the total haemocyte count (THC) compared to untreated control and crayfish buffered saline (CBS) treatment. On the gene expression level, an up-regulation of the C/EBP gene was detected in the laminarin treated group in hepatopancreas and heart, while no changes were observed for the Kr-h1 gene. Our results indicate an early change in C/EBP expression in multiple tissues during immune stimulation and suggest its involvement in the immune response of the noble crayfish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ljudevit Luka Boštjančić
- Institute of Insect Biotechnology, Justus-Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26, 35392 Gießen, Germany; LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (LOEWE-TBG), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt, Germany; Department of Computer Science, ICube, UMR 7357, University of Strasbourg, CNRS, Centre de Recherche en Biomédecine de Strasbourg, Rue Eugène Boeckel 1, 67000 Strasbourg, France; iES - Institute for Environmental Sciences, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Fortstraße 7, 76829 Landau, Germany.
| | - Paula Dragičević
- Depatment of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lena Bonassin
- LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (LOEWE-TBG), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt, Germany; Department of Computer Science, ICube, UMR 7357, University of Strasbourg, CNRS, Centre de Recherche en Biomédecine de Strasbourg, Rue Eugène Boeckel 1, 67000 Strasbourg, France; iES - Institute for Environmental Sciences, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Fortstraße 7, 76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Caterina Francesconi
- LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (LOEWE-TBG), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt, Germany; iES - Institute for Environmental Sciences, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Fortstraße 7, 76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Anita Tarandek
- Depatment of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Leonie Schardt
- LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (LOEWE-TBG), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christelle Rutz
- Department of Computer Science, ICube, UMR 7357, University of Strasbourg, CNRS, Centre de Recherche en Biomédecine de Strasbourg, Rue Eugène Boeckel 1, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Sandra Hudina
- Depatment of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Klaus Schwenk
- iES - Institute for Environmental Sciences, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Fortstraße 7, 76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Odile Lecompte
- Department of Computer Science, ICube, UMR 7357, University of Strasbourg, CNRS, Centre de Recherche en Biomédecine de Strasbourg, Rue Eugène Boeckel 1, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Kathrin Theissinger
- Institute of Insect Biotechnology, Justus-Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26, 35392 Gießen, Germany; LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (LOEWE-TBG), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Rooney J, Rivera-de-Torre E, Li R, Mclean K, Price DR, Nisbet AJ, Laustsen AH, Jenkins TP, Hofmann A, Bakshi S, Zarkan A, Cantacessi C. Structural and functional analyses of nematode-derived antimicrobial peptides support the occurrence of direct mechanisms of worm-microbiota interactions. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2024; 23:1522-1533. [PMID: 38633385 PMCID: PMC11021794 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2024.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The complex relationships between gastrointestinal (GI) nematodes and the host gut microbiota have been implicated in key aspects of helminth disease and infection outcomes. Nevertheless, the direct and indirect mechanisms governing these interactions are, thus far, largely unknown. In this proof-of-concept study, we demonstrate that the excretory-secretory products (ESPs) and extracellular vesicles (EVs) of key GI nematodes contain peptides that, when recombinantly expressed, exert antimicrobial activity in vitro against Bacillus subtilis. In particular, using time-lapse microfluidics microscopy, we demonstrate that exposure of B. subtilis to a recombinant saposin-domain containing peptide from the 'brown stomach worm', Teladorsagia circumcincta, and a metridin-like ShK toxin from the 'barber's pole worm', Haemonchus contortus, results in cell lysis and significantly reduced growth rates. Data from this study support the hypothesis that GI nematodes may modulate the composition of the vertebrate gut microbiota directly via the secretion of antimicrobial peptides, and pave the way for future investigations aimed at deciphering the impact of such changes on the pathophysiology of GI helminth infection and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James Rooney
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ruizhe Li
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin Mclean
- Moredun Research Institute, Penicuik Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Andreas H. Laustsen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Timothy P. Jenkins
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Andreas Hofmann
- Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Kulmbach, Germany
- Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Somenath Bakshi
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ashraf Zarkan
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Cinzia Cantacessi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hafeez A, Shahid Ali S, Akhtar J, Naz S, Alrefaei AF, Albeshr MF, Israr M, Ullah Khan R. Impact of coriander ( Coriandrum sativum), garlic ( Allium sativum), fenugreek ( Trigonella foenum-graecum) on zootechnical performance, carcass quality, blood metabolites and nutrient digestibility in broilers chickens. Vet Q 2024; 44:1-7. [PMID: 38423073 PMCID: PMC10906120 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2023.2300948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The study investigated the impact of incorporating a specific herbal blend comprising coriander, garlic, and fenugreek (CGF) at various levels on the zootechnical performance, blood metabolites and nutrient digestibility in broiler chickens. The 42-day experiment involved 360 broilers (Cobb 500), organized into four distinct treatment groups. The dietary interventions included a control group consisting of a basal diet and the same diet was supplemented with CGF at rates of 1, 2, and 3%. Broilers receiving a 1% phytogenic mixture exhibited significantly increased live weight and carcass weight. Moreover, the digestibility of crude protein and crude fat significantly improved in broilers supplemented with a 1% phytogenic mixture. On the other hand, the digestibility of calcium and phosphorus showed a notable increase in broilers fed with a 3% phytogenic mixture. Regarding serum metabolites, the 1% phytogenic mixture group displayed significantly higher levels of high density lipoprotein and triglycerides. The supplementation of the broiler diet with a herbal mixture of coriander, fenugreek, and garlic at a 1% rate resulted in improved growth performance, carcass quality, nutrient digestion, and lipid profile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Hafeez
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Said Shahid Ali
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Junaid Akhtar
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Shabana Naz
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Muhammad Israr
- Project Management, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Rifat Ullah Khan
- College of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Coggins SJ, Kimble B, Malik R, Thompson MF, Norris JM, Govendir M. Assessing in vitro stability of remdesivir (GS-5734) and conversion to GS-441524 in feline plasma and whole blood. Vet Q 2024; 44:1-9. [PMID: 38288972 PMCID: PMC10829815 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2024.2305731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a potentially fatal coronavirus-driven disease of cats. Treatment with nucleoside analogue GS-441524 and or prodrug remdesivir (RDV) have produced remission in both experimentally induced and naturally occurring FIP, yet information regarding metabolism of RDV into GS-441524 in cats is scarce. This study assessed possible phase I metabolism of RDV in cats, utilising an in vitro feline microsome model with in vitro t1/2 and in vitro Clint calculated using the substrate depletion method. A previously validated high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fluorescence method was utilised for detection and analysis of RDV and GS-441524. Qualitative yield of RDV and intermediate metabolite GS-441524 were determined following microsome incubation, then compared to whole blood and plasma incubations. In vitro microsome incubation resulted in rapid depletion of RDV, though it did not appear to resemble a conventional phase I-dependent reaction in cats, as it is in humans and dogs. Depletion of RDV into GS-441524 was demonstrated in whole blood in vitro, suggesting cats convert RDV to GS-441524, likely via blood esterases, as observed in mice and rats. RDV metabolism is unlikely to be impacted by impaired liver function in cats. Furthermore, as RDV depletes within minutes, whereas GS-441524 is very stable, whole blood or plasma GS-441524 concentrations, rather than plasma RDV concentrations, are more appropriate for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) in cats receiving RDV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sally J. Coggins
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
- Centre for Veterinary Education, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Benjamin Kimble
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Richard Malik
- Centre for Veterinary Education, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
- Animal and Veterinary Science, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, Australia
| | - Mary F. Thompson
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Jacqueline M. Norris
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Merran Govendir
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yang Y, Chen Q, Fan S, Lu Y, Huang Q, Liu X, Peng X. Glutamine sustains energy metabolism and alleviates liver injury in burn sepsis by promoting the assembly of mitochondrial HSP60-HSP10 complex via SIRT4 dependent protein deacetylation. Redox Rep 2024; 29:2312320. [PMID: 38329114 PMCID: PMC10854458 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2024.2312320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Burns and burn sepsis, characterized by persistent and profound hypercatabolism, cause energy metabolism dysfunction that worsens organ injury and systemic disorders. Glutamine (Gln) is a key nutrient that remarkably replenishes energy metabolism in burn and sepsis patients, but its exact roles beyond substrate supply is unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that Gln alleviated liver injury by sustaining energy supply and restoring redox balance. Meanwhile, Gln also rescued the dysfunctional mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) complexes, improved ATP production, reduced oxidative stress, and protected hepatocytes from burn sepsis injury. Mechanistically, we revealed that Gln could activate SIRT4 by upregulating its protein synthesis and increasing the level of Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), a co-enzyme that sustains the activity of SIRT4. This, in turn, reduced the acetylation of shock protein (HSP) 60 to facilitate the assembly of the HSP60-HSP10 complex, which maintains the activity of ETC complex II and III and thus sustain ATP generation and reduce reactive oxygen species release. Overall, our study uncovers a previously unknown pharmacological mechanism involving the regulation of HSP60-HSP10 assembly by which Gln recovers mitochondrial complex activity, sustains cellular energy metabolism and exerts a hepato-protective role in burn sepsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Yang
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Chen
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shijun Fan
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongling Lu
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qianyin Huang
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Liu
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xi Peng
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), ChongqingPeople’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wong YS, Mançanares AC, Navarrete F, Poblete P, Mendez-Pérez L, Cabezas J, Riadi G, Rodríguez-Alvarez L, Castro FO. Extracellular vesicles secreted by equine adipose mesenchymal stem cells preconditioned with transforming growth factor β-1 are enriched in anti-fibrotic miRNAs and inhibit the expression of fibrotic genes in an in vitro system of endometrial stromal cells fibrosis. Vet Q 2024; 44:1-11. [PMID: 39086189 PMCID: PMC11295685 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2024.2384906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Mare endometrosis is a major reproductive problem associated with low fertility and is characterized by persistent inflammation, TGFβ-1 signaling, and consequently, extracellular matrix deposition, which compromises endometrial glands. Mesenchymal stem cell-based products (MSCs), such as extracellular vesicles (EVs), have gained attention due to the regulatory effects exerted by their miRNA cargo. Here, we evaluated the impact of preconditioning equine adipose mesenchymal stem cells with TGFβ-1 for short or long periods on the anti-fibrotic properties of secreted extracellular vesicles. MSCs were isolated from six healthy horses and exposed to TGFβ-1 for 4, 24, and 0 h. The expression of anti-fibrotic and pro-fibrotic miRNAs and mRNAs in treated cells and miRNAs in the cargo of secreted extracellular vesicles was measured. The resulting EVs were added for 48 h to endometrial stromal cells previously induced to a fibrotic status. The expression of anti-fibrotic and pro-fibrotic genes and miRNAs was evaluated in said cells using qPCR and next-generation sequencing. Preconditioning MSCs with TGFβ-1 for 4 h enriched the anti-fibrotic miRNAs (mir29c, mir145, and mir200) in cells and EVs. Conversely, preconditioning the cells for 24 h leads to a pro-fibrotic phenotype overexpressing mir192 and mir433. This finding might have implications for developing an EV-based protocol to treat endometrial fibrosis in mares.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yat Sen Wong
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile
| | - Ana Carolina Mançanares
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile
| | - Felipe Navarrete
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile
| | - Pamela Poblete
- Ph.D. Program on Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile
| | - Lídice Mendez-Pérez
- Ph.D. Program on Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile
| | - Joel Cabezas
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile
| | - Gonzalo Riadi
- Center for Bioinformatics Simulation and Modeling (CBSM), Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | | | - Fidel Ovidio Castro
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Amato R, Oteri M, Chiofalo B, Zicarelli F, Musco N, Sarubbi F, Pacifico S, Formato M, Lombardi P, Di Bennardo F, Iommelli P, Infascelli F, Tudisco R. Diet supplementation with hemp ( Cannabis sativa L.) inflorescences: effects on quanti-qualitative milk yield and fatty acid profile on grazing dairy goats. Vet Q 2024; 44:1-8. [PMID: 39118475 PMCID: PMC11318486 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2024.2388715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is an annual plant belonging to the family of Cannabaceae with several varieties characterized by different fatty acid profile, content in flavonoids, polyphenols, and cannabinoid compounds. Hemp is mostly used in livestock nutrition as oil or as protein cake, but not as inflorescences. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary hemp inflorescences on milk yield and composition in grazing dairy goats. Twenty Camosciata delle Alpi goats at their 3rd parity and with a mean body weight of 45.2 ± 2.0 kg, immediately after kidding, were equally allocated into two groups (G: Grazing and GH: grazing and hemp). For three months, all goats were fed on a permanent pasture and received 700/head/day of concentrate; diet of group GH was supplemented with 20 g/head/day of hemp inflorescences. Goats' body weight did not change during the trial. Individual milk yield was daily recorded and samples collected every 20 days for chemical composition and fatty acid profile analysis. No significant differences were found for milk yield and chemical composition. Caproic (C6:0) (1.80 vs. 1.74%; p < 0.01) and lauric acids (C12:0) were significantly higher in milk of group GH (4.83 vs. 4.32%; p < 0.01) as well as linoleic (C18:2) (2.04 vs. 1.93%; p < 0.05), adrenic acid (C22:4) (0.046 vs. 0.031%, p < 0.05), omega-6/omega-3 ratio (3.17 vs. 2.93, p < 0.05) and total conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs) (0.435 vs. 0.417%; p < 0.01). The results of this study suggest that the supplementation of grazing goats' diet with hemp inflorescences may enhance the milk nutritional characteristics by increasing its content of CLAs and other beneficial fatty acids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruggero Amato
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Marianna Oteri
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Biagina Chiofalo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Fabio Zicarelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Nadia Musco
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Fiorella Sarubbi
- Institute for the Animal Production System in the Mediterranean Environment, National Research Council, Portici, Italy
| | - Severina Pacifico
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy
| | - Marialuisa Formato
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy
| | - Pietro Lombardi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Federica Di Bennardo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Piera Iommelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Federico Infascelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaella Tudisco
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Khan MI, Chand N, Naz S, Alonaizan R, Hu H, Shamsi S, Khan RU. Effects of zinc supplementation from organic and inorganic sources on growth, blood biochemical indices, and intestinal microarchitecture in broilers. Vet Q 2024; 44:1-7. [PMID: 38295836 PMCID: PMC10836478 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2023.2298491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Abstract
In poultry nutrition, zinc supplementation is typically achieved through the addition of zinc oxide or zinc sulfate to the feed. The alternative approach of organic sources utilizes an organic ligand to bind zinc (Zn), resulting in higher bioavailability. Thus, a study was conducted to assess and compare the impact of a methionine-complexed Zn versus an inorganic Zn on growth, blood biochemical profile, gut histomorphology, and fecal excretion of Zn in broilers. The experimental design included two treatments: the addition of a zinc amino acid complex or zinc oxide to the basal diet. The zinc amino acid complex was supplemented at a dose equivalent to the inorganic zinc (Zn-80), while the organic zinc was provided at levels of 20, 40, and 80 mg/kg to a total of 400 broilers. There were five treatments in total, and each treatment was replicated four times. Broilers supplemented with an organic form of Zn at the level of 80 mg/kg had significantly (p < 0.05) higher body weight gain and lower feed conversion ratio (F/G). Significantly (p < 0.05) higher Zn excretion was recorded in broilers supplemented with inorganic Zn supplementation. Significantly (p < 0.05) higher villus length and width, their ratio, and lower (p < 0.05) crypt depth were observed in birds supplemented with 80 mg/kg organic Zn. From the results of the present study, it was concluded that Zn from an organic source at the rate of 80 mg/kg was superior in terms of growth performance, intestinal histomorphology and less excretion of Zn to the environment in broilers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ishtiaq Khan
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Naila Chand
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Shabana Naz
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Rasha Alonaizan
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hong Hu
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou, China
| | - Shamsuddin Shamsi
- College of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Rifat Ullah Khan
- College of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Mariën J, Sage M, Bangura U, Lamé A, Koropogui M, Rieger T, Soropogui B, Douno M, Magassouba N, Fichet-Calvet E. Rodent control strategies and Lassa virus: some unexpected effects in Guinea, West Africa. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024; 13:2341141. [PMID: 38597241 PMCID: PMC11034454 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2341141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
The Natal multimammate mouse (Mastomys natalensis) is the host of Lassa mammarenavirus, causing Lassa haemorrhagic fever in West Africa. As there is currently no operational vaccine and therapeutic drugs are limited, we explored rodent control as an alternative to prevent Lassa virus spillover in Upper Guinea, where the disease is highly endemic in rural areas. In a seven-year experiment, we distributed rodenticides for 10-30 days once a year and, in the last year, added intensive snap trapping for three months in all the houses of one village. We also captured rodents both before and after the intervention period to assess their effectiveness by examining alterations in trapping success and infection rates (Lassa virus RNA and IgG antibodies). We found that both interventions reduced the rodent population by 74-92% but swiftly rebounded to pre-treatment levels, even already six months after the last snap-trapping control. Furthermore, while we observed that chemical control modestly decreased Lassa virus infection rates annually (a reduction of 5% in seroprevalence per year), the intensive trapping unexpectedly led to a significantly higher infection rate (from a seroprevalence of 28% before to 67% after snap trapping control). After seven years, we conclude that annual chemical control, alone or with intensive trapping, is ineffective and sometimes counterproductive in preventing Lassa virus spillover in rural villages. These unexpected findings may result from density-dependent breeding compensation following culling and the survival of a small percentage of chronically infected rodents that may spread the virus to a new susceptible generation of mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Mariën
- Evolutionary Ecology group, Department of Biology University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Virus Ecology unit, Department of Biomedical sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Mickaël Sage
- Faune INNOV’ R&D – Wildlife INNOVATION, Besançon, France
| | - Umaru Bangura
- Implementation Research, Zoonoses Control group, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alicia Lamé
- Faune INNOV’ R&D – Wildlife INNOVATION, Besançon, France
| | - Michel Koropogui
- Projet des fièvres Hémorragiques en Guinée, Laboratoire de Virologie, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Toni Rieger
- Department of Virology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Barré Soropogui
- Projet des fièvres Hémorragiques en Guinée, Laboratoire de Virologie, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Moussa Douno
- Projet des fièvres Hémorragiques en Guinée, Laboratoire de Virologie, Conakry, Guinea
| | - N’Faly Magassouba
- Projet des fièvres Hémorragiques en Guinée, Laboratoire de Virologie, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Elisabeth Fichet-Calvet
- Implementation Research, Zoonoses Control group, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Sultan A, Murtaza S, Naz S, Islam Z, Alrefaei AF, Khan RU, H. Abdelrahman S, Chandrasekaran A. Live performance, nutrient digestibility, immune response and fecal microbial load modulation in Japanese quails fed a Bacillus-based probiotic alone or combination with xylanase. Vet Q 2024; 44:1-9. [PMID: 38903017 PMCID: PMC11195456 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2024.2364641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Animal industry seeks cost-effective solutions to enhance performance and health of domestic animals. This study investigated the effects of supplementing Bacillus spp. probiotics and xylanase on 2000 one-day-old Japanese quails, randomly assigned to four treatment groups (10 replicates). The control group received no supplementation, while the others were supplemented with a Bacillus-based probiotic at 7.5 × 107 cfu/kg of feed, xylanase enzyme (2,000 U/kg) alone or in combination. Quails receiving both probiotic and enzyme exhibited significantly (p < 0.01) higher weekly and overall weight gain, and lower feed conversion ratios compared to the control group. Dressing percentage was higher (p < 0.01), and mortality lower in birds supplemented with a combination of enzyme and probiotic. Antibody titres against infectious bronchitis and infectious bursal disease were significantly (p < 0.01) higher in quails receiving combined probiotic and enzyme supplementation, while titres against Newcastle disease virus were higher (p < 0.01) in groups supplemented with probiotic and enzyme individually or in combination. Additionally, digestibility was significantly (p < 0.01) higher in groups receiving combined enzyme and probiotic supplementation, with higher apparent metabolizable energy compared to the control. The populations of beneficial Lactobacillus increased, while harmful E. coli and Salmonella decreased significantly in quails supplemented with both probiotic and enzyme. In conclusion, supplementing xylanase enzyme and probiotic together in Japanese quails positively influenced growth, nutrient digestibility, immune response, and cecal microbiota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asad Sultan
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Syed Murtaza
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Shabana Naz
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ziaul Islam
- Department of Animal Science, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University Sheringal Dir Upper, Sheringal, Pakistan
| | | | - Rifat Ullah Khan
- College of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | | | - A. Chandrasekaran
- Department of Physics, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Iraguha B, Mpatswenumugabo JPM, Gasana MN, Åsbjer E. Mitigating antibiotics misuse in dairy farming systems and milk value chain market: Insights into practices, factors, and farmers education in Nyabihu district, Rwanda. One Health 2024; 19:100843. [PMID: 39026544 PMCID: PMC11255097 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The widespread misuse of antibiotics to combat bacterial infections in dairy farming is a global concern contributing to antimicrobial resistance (AMR). To gain insights within small-scale dairy farming, a study was conducted in Nyabihu district of Rwanda from September 2021 to April 2023 to assess practices and factors associated with antibiotic use, investigate antibiotic residues in cow milk and undertake a comprehensive training program to improve quality milk production. A mixed-methods approach, combining cross-sectional and longitudinal intervention studies, involved 42 regular dairy farmers from both open and zero-grazing systems delivering milk to the Union pour la Promotion des Cooperatives des Eleveurs en Nyabihu (UPROCENYA) milk collection center (MCC). Standardized questionnaires and farm interviews were conducted to assess antibiotic use practices while bulk tank milk samples from the same farmers were collected and tested for antibiotic residues using rapid tests over 16 months (8 months before and 8 months after training). Out of 451 bulk tank milk samples tested, 27 samples (6%) contained antibiotic residues, primarily tetracyclines (55.3%) and beta-lactams (44.7%). Before farmers training, 5182.75 l of milk were rejected monthly due to antibiotic residues. Following training, milk rejections decreased to 3192.75 l per month, reflecting 38.35% monthly decrease. However, no statistically significant difference was found by independent t-test (t = 1.441; p = 0.173) between milk rejected before and after training. 97.6% of interviewed farmers reported using antibiotics within six months preceding data collection, with 71.4% primarily used for disease treatment, notably targeting tick-borne diseases (34.0%). Alarming practices included administering antibiotics without referring samples for laboratory examination (100%), disregarding withdrawal periods (88.1%) and administering antibiotics without a veterinary doctor's prescription (85.7%). Factors contributing to these practices included limited farmer's knowledge on antibiotics, easy access to antibiotics in local agro-veterinary shops, and insufficient veterinary services. Antibiotic-laden milk was used to feed calves (38.6%), consumed at home (26.5%), and sold (12.0%). The observed misuse of antibiotics and disregard for antibiotic withdrawal periods pose significant threats to both milk quality and human health. The authors recommend that dairy farmers prioritize animal health monitoring and implementing biosecurity measures to prevent diseases and thus reduce antibiotic usage. Collaborative efforts among stakeholders are highly recommended to enhance capacity building for dairy farmers and support research initiatives. Furthermore, it is strongly suggested to strengthen regulations on the prudent use of antibiotics within the Rwandan food production system to curb antimicrobial resistance across both animal and human populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Blaise Iraguha
- Heifer International Rwanda, Rwanda Dairy Development Project (RDDP), Rwanda
| | - Jean Pierre M. Mpatswenumugabo
- University of Rwanda/College of Agriculture, Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Rwanda
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Sweden
| | | | - Elina Åsbjer
- Department of Applied Animal Science and Welfare, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Si R, Liu X, Zhang X, Chen Y, Xiang W, Liu M, Tan Y, Yang G. Contract governance to reduce antimicrobial overuse in hog farms in China. One Health 2024; 19:100859. [PMID: 39157651 PMCID: PMC11327576 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance caused by the overuse of antimicrobials by farmers is an essential health issue. Currently, signing contracts between farmers and cooperatives has become crucial for small farmers to integrate into the modern agricultural industry chain. Unlike vertical government governance, which aims to intervene in the overuse of antimicrobials by farmers through many mandatory or incentive measures, contract governance refers to the social governance model that clarifies rights and obligations between farmers and cooperatives to ensure the adequate performance of contracts, which is especially beneficial to regulate farmers' safe production behavior such as the standard use of antimicrobials. However, there is a research gap concerning the effectiveness of contract governance in inhibiting farmers' overuse of animal antimicrobials. This study applies propensity score matching and mediation analysis method to assess how contract governance affects the overuse of antimicrobials by hog farmers. The paper uses data from 498 hog farmers of China's Hebei, Henan, and Hubei provinces to explore the impact and underlying mechanisms of contract governance on antimicrobial overuse in agriculture. The results showed that contract governance was found to inhibit the overuse of antimicrobials, with the amount paid for antimicrobials reduced by 118 yuan/household. We found evidence that this effect is exerted through three mechanisms: cooperative supervision (CS), technical guidance (TG), and product premium perception (PP). The CS, TG, and PP mediation effects accounted for 19.94%, 27.90%, and 26.93% of the total impact, respectively. Therefore, policy implications of these results include strengthening the standard of contract signing procedures and the integrity of executing contracts, increasing the market premium for products that meet the antimicrobial residue standards, and enhancing farmers' knowledge and contracting ability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruishi Si
- Academy of the Zhonghuaminzu Community, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
- School of Public Administration, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Xin Liu
- School of Public Administration, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Xueqian Zhang
- School of Public Administration, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Yi Chen
- School of Public Administration, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Wen Xiang
- Institute for Interdisciplinary and Innovate Research, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Mingyue Liu
- Institute of Agricultural Economics and Development, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yongfeng Tan
- School of Economics and Management, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Guotao Yang
- School of Economics and Management, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Bouzeraa L, Martin H, Plessis C, Dufour P, Marques JCS, Moore S, Cerri R, Sirard MA. Decoding epigenetic markers: implications of traits and genes through DNA methylation in resilience and susceptibility to mastitis in dairy cows. Epigenetics 2024; 19:2391602. [PMID: 39151128 PMCID: PMC11332640 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2024.2391602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Cattle farming faces challenges linked to intensive exploitation and climate change, requiring the reinforcement of animal resilience in response to these dynamic environments. Currently, genetic selection is used to enhance resilience by identifying animals resistant to specific diseases; however, certain diseases, such as mastitis, pose difficulties in genetic prediction. This study introduced the utilization of enzymatic methyl sequencing (EM-seq) of the blood genomic DNA from twelve dairy cows to identify DNA methylation biomarkers, with the aim of predicting resilience and susceptibility to mastitis. The analysis uncovered significant differences between cows resilient and susceptible to mastitis, with 196,275 differentially methylated cytosines (DMCs) and 1,227 Differentially Methylated Regions (DMRs). Key genes associated with the immune response and morphological traits, including ENOPH1, MYL10 and KIR2DL5A, were identified by our analysis. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) were also highlighted and the body weight trait was the most targeted by DMCs and DMRs. Based on our results, the risk of developing mastitis can potentially be estimated with as few as fifty methylation biomarkers, paving the way for early animal selection. This research sets the stage for improved animal health management and economic yields within the framework of agricultural sustainability through early selection based on the epigenetic status of animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lotfi Bouzeraa
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
- Research Center in Reproduction, Development, Intergenerational Health (CRDSI), Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Helene Martin
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
- Research Center in Reproduction, Development, Intergenerational Health (CRDSI), Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Clement Plessis
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Pascal Dufour
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | | | - Sydney Moore
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Ronaldo Cerri
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Marc-Andre Sirard
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
- Research Center in Reproduction, Development, Intergenerational Health (CRDSI), Québec, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhang Z, Bao C, Li Z, He C, Jin W, Li C, Chen Y. Integrated omics analysis reveals the alteration of gut microbiota and fecal metabolites in Cervus elaphus kansuensis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:125. [PMID: 38229330 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12841-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
The gut microbiota is the largest and most complex microecosystem in animals. It is influenced by the host's dietary habits and living environment, and its composition and diversity play irreplaceable roles in animal nutrient metabolism, immunity, and adaptation to the environment. Although the gut microbiota of red deer has been studied, the composition and function of the gut microbiota in Gansu red deer (Cervus elaphus kansuensis), an endemic subspecies of red deer in China, has not been reported. In this study, the composition and diversity of the gut microbiome and fecal metabolomics of C. elaphus kansuensis were identified and compared for the first time by using 16S rDNA sequencing, metagenomic sequencing, and LC-MS/MS. There were significant differences in gut microbiota structure and diversity between wild and farmed C. elaphus kansuensis. The 16S rDNA sequencing results showed that the genus UCRD-005 was dominant in both captive red deer (CRD) and wild red deer (WRD). Metagenomic sequencing showed similar results to those of 16S rDNA sequencing for gut microbiota in CRD and WRD at the phylum and genus levels. 16S rDNA and metagenomics sequencing data suggested that Bacteroides and Bacillus might serve as marker genera for CRD and WRD, respectively. Fecal metabolomics results showed that 520 metabolites with significant differences were detected between CRD and WRD and most differential metabolites were involved in lipid metabolism. The results suggested that large differences in gut microbiota composition and fecal metabolites between CRD and WRD, indicating that different dietary habits and living environments over time have led to the development of stable gut microbiome characteristics for CRD and WRD to meet their respective survival and reproduction needs. KEY POINTS: • Environment and food affected the gut microbiota and fecal metabolites in red deer • Genera Bacteroides and Bacillus may play important roles in CRD and WRD, respectively • Flavonoids and ascorbic acid in fecal metabolites may influence health of red deer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxiang Zhang
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, No. 251 Ningda Road, Xining, 810016, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Adaptive Management on Alpine Grassland, Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Changhong Bao
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, No. 251 Ningda Road, Xining, 810016, China
| | - Zhaonan Li
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, No. 251 Ningda Road, Xining, 810016, China
| | - Caixia He
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, No. 251 Ningda Road, Xining, 810016, China
| | - Wenjie Jin
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, No. 251 Ningda Road, Xining, 810016, China
| | - Changzhong Li
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, No. 251 Ningda Road, Xining, 810016, China.
| | - Yanxia Chen
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, No. 251 Ningda Road, Xining, 810016, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Chacón RD, Sánchez-Llatas CJ, L Pajuelo S, Diaz Forero AJ, Jimenez-Vasquez V, Médico JA, Soto-Ugaldi LF, Astolfi-Ferreira CS, Piantino Ferreira AJ. Molecular characterization of the meq oncogene of Marek's disease virus in vaccinated Brazilian poultry farms reveals selective pressure on prevalent strains. Vet Q 2024; 44:1-13. [PMID: 38465827 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2024.2318198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Marek's disease virus (MDV) has become an increasingly virulent pathogen in the poultry industry despite vaccination efforts to control it. Brazil has experienced a significant rise of Marek's disease (MD) outbreaks in recent years. Our study aimed to analyze the complete meq gene sequences to understand the molecular epidemiological basis of MD outbreaks in Brazilian vaccinated layer farms. We detected a high incidence rate of visceral MD (67.74%) and multiple circulating MDV strains. The most prevalent and geographically widespread genotype presented several clinical and molecular characteristics of a highly virulent strain and evolving under positive selective pressure. Phylogenetic and phylogeographic analysis revealed a closer relationship with strains from the USA and Japan. This study sheds light on the circulation of MDV strains capable of infecting vaccinated birds. We emphasize the urgency of adopting preventive measures to manage MDV outbreaks threatening the poultry farming industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruy D Chacón
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Christian J Sánchez-Llatas
- Department of Genetics, Physiology, and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Andrea J Diaz Forero
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Jack A Médico
- Vertebrate Genome Laboratory, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Luis F Soto-Ugaldi
- Tri-Institutional Program in Computational Biology and Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Cool K, Gaudreault NN, Trujillo JD, Morozov I, McDowell CD, Bold D, Kwon T, Balaraman V, Assato P, Madden DW, Mantlo E, Souza-Neto J, Matias-Ferreyra F, Retallick J, Singh G, Schotsaert M, Carossino M, Balasuriya UBR, Wilson WC, Pogranichniy RM, García-Sastre A, Richt JA. Experimental co-infection of calves with SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron variants of concern. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024; 13:2281356. [PMID: 37938158 PMCID: PMC10763854 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2281356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Since emerging in late 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has repeatedly crossed the species barrier with natural infections reported in various domestic and wild animal species. The emergence and global spread of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) has expanded the range of susceptible host species. Previous experimental infection studies in cattle using Wuhan-like SARS-CoV-2 isolates suggested that cattle were not likely amplifying hosts for SARS-CoV-2. However, SARS-CoV-2 sero- and RNA-positive cattle have since been identified in Europe, India, and Africa. Here, we investigated the susceptibility and transmission of the Delta and Omicron SARS-CoV-2 VOCs in cattle. Eight Holstein calves were co-infected orally and intranasally with a mixed inoculum of SARS-CoV-2 VOCs Delta and Omicron BA.2. Twenty-four hours post-challenge, two sentinel calves were introduced to evaluate virus transmission. The co-infection resulted in a high proportion of calves shedding SARS-CoV-2 RNA at 1- and 2-days post-challenge (DPC). Extensive tissue distribution of SARS-CoV-2 RNA was observed at 3 and 7 DPC and infectious virus was recovered from two calves at 3 DPC. Next-generation sequencing revealed that only the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant was detected in clinical samples and tissues. Similar to previous experimental infection studies in cattle, we observed only limited seroconversion and no clear evidence of transmission to sentinel calves. Together, our findings suggest that cattle are more permissive to infection with SARS-CoV-2 Delta than Omicron BA.2 and Wuhan-like isolates but, in the absence of horizontal transmission, are not likely to be reservoir hosts for currently circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Konner Cool
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Natasha N. Gaudreault
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Jessie D. Trujillo
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Igor Morozov
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Chester D. McDowell
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Dashzeveg Bold
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Taeyong Kwon
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Velmurugan Balaraman
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Patricia Assato
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Daniel W. Madden
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Emily Mantlo
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Jayme Souza-Neto
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Franco Matias-Ferreyra
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Jaime Retallick
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Gagandeep Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael Schotsaert
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mariano Carossino
- Louisiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory and Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Udeni B. R. Balasuriya
- Louisiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory and Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - William C. Wilson
- Foreign Arthropod-Borne Animal Diseases Research Unit, National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility, United States Department of Agriculture, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Roman M. Pogranichniy
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Adolfo García-Sastre
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Juergen A. Richt
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Braunstein R, Hubanic G, Yerushalmy O, Oren-Alkalay S, Rimon A, Coppenhagen-Glazer S, Niv O, Marom H, Barsheshet A, Hazan R. Successful phage-antibiotic therapy of P. aeruginosa implant-associated infection in a Siamese cat. Vet Q 2024; 44:1-9. [PMID: 38726795 PMCID: PMC11089911 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2024.2350661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic-resistant pathogens are a growing global issue, leading to untreatable infectious diseases in both humans and animals. Personalized bacteriophage (phage) therapy, the use of specific anti-bacterial viruses, is currently a leading approach to combat antibiotic-resistant infections. The implementation of phage therapy has primarily been focused on humans, almost neglecting the impact of such infections on the health and welfare of companion animals. Pets also have the potential to spread resistant infections to their owners or the veterinary staff through zoonotic transmission. Here, we showcase personalized phage-antibiotic treatment of a cat with a multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa implant-associated infection post-arthrodesis surgery. The treatment encompassed a tailored combination of an anti-P. aeruginosa phage and ceftazidime, precisely matched to the pathogen. The phage was topically applied to the surgical wound while the antibiotic was administered intramuscularly. After two treatment courses spanning 7 and 3 weeks, the surgical wound, which had previously remained open for five months, fully closed. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of personalized phage therapy application in felines, which provides further evidence of the effectiveness of this approach. The successful outcome paves the way for personalized phage-antibiotic treatments against persistent infections therapy in veterinary practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ron Braunstein
- Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research (IBOR), Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Goran Hubanic
- Vet-Holim, Animal Medical Center, Kiryat-Anavim, Israel
| | - Ortal Yerushalmy
- Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research (IBOR), Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sivan Oren-Alkalay
- Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research (IBOR), Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Amit Rimon
- Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research (IBOR), Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
- Tzameret, The Military Track of Medicine, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shunit Coppenhagen-Glazer
- Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research (IBOR), Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ofir Niv
- Vet-Holim, Animal Medical Center, Kiryat-Anavim, Israel
| | - Hilik Marom
- Vet-Holim, Animal Medical Center, Kiryat-Anavim, Israel
| | | | - Ronen Hazan
- Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research (IBOR), Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Mori J, Rivera N, Novakofski J, Mateus-Pinilla N. A review of chronic wasting disease (CWD) spread, surveillance, and control in the United States captive cervid industry. Prion 2024; 18:54-67. [PMID: 38648377 PMCID: PMC11037284 DOI: 10.1080/19336896.2024.2343220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a fatal prion disease of the family Cervidae that circulates in both wild and captive cervid populations. This disease threatens the health and economic viability of the captive cervid industry, which raises cervids in contained spaces for purposes such as hunting and breeding. Given the high transmissibility and long incubation period of CWD, the introduction and propagation of the infectious prion protein within and between captive cervid farms could be devastating to individual facilities and to the industry as a whole. Despite this risk, there does not yet exist a literature review that summarizes the scientific knowledge, to date, about CWD spread, surveillance, or control measures. Our review, which focused on peer reviewed, primary research conducted in the United States, sought to address this need by searching Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science with a five-term keyword string containing terms related to the (1) location, (2) species affected, (3) disease, (4) captive cervid industry, and (5) topic of focus. Between the three databases, there were 190 articles that were selected for further examination. Those articles were then read to determine if they were about CWD spread, surveillance, and/or control in captive cervid facilities. The 22 articles that met these inclusion criteria were evaluated in detail and discussed, with recommendations for future collaborative work between captive cervid owners, government agencies, and researchers. This work will help to address, inform, and mitigate the rising problem of CWD spread and establishment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jameson Mori
- Illinois Natural History Survey, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Nelda Rivera
- Illinois Natural History Survey, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Jan Novakofski
- Illinois Natural History Survey, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Nohra Mateus-Pinilla
- Illinois Natural History Survey, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Natural Resources & Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Xu YP, Fu JC, Hong ZL, Zeng DF, Guo CQ, Li P, Wu JX. Psychological stressors involved in the pathogenesis of premature ovarian insufficiency and potential intervention measures. Gynecol Endocrinol 2024; 40:2360085. [PMID: 38813955 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2024.2360085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a common gynecological endocrine disease, which seriously affects women's physical and mental health and fertility, and its incidence is increasing year by year. With the development of social economy and technology, psychological stressors such as anxiety and depression caused by social, life and environmental factors may be one of the risk factors for POI. We used PubMed to search peer-reviewed original English manuscripts published over the last 10 years to identify established and experimental studies on the relationship between various types of stress and decreased ovarian function. Oxidative stress, follicular atresia, and excessive activation of oocytes, caused by Stress-associated factors may be the main causes of ovarian function damage. This article reviews the relationship between psychological stressors and hypoovarian function and the possible early intervention measures in order to provide new ideas for future clinical treatment and intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Pei Xu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Longyan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Longyan, Fujian Province, China
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ji-Chun Fu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Longyan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Longyan, Fujian Province, China
| | - Zhi-Lin Hong
- Clinical Laboratory Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - De-Fei Zeng
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Longyan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Longyan, Fujian Province, China
| | - Chao-Qin Guo
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Longyan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Longyan, Fujian Province, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Longyan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Longyan, Fujian Province, China
| | - Jin-Xiang Wu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kishawy AT, Abd El-Wahab RA, Eldemery F, Abdel Rahman MMI, Altuwaijri S, Ezz-Eldin RM, Abd-Allah EM, Zayed S, Mulla ZS, El Sharkawy RB, Badr S, Youssef W, Ibrahim D. Insights of early feeding regime supplemented with glutamine and various levels of omega-3 in broiler chickens: growth performance, muscle building, antioxidant capacity, intestinal barriers health and defense against mixed Eimeria spp infection. Vet Q 2024; 44:1-20. [PMID: 38961536 PMCID: PMC11225632 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2024.2373287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Early nutritional management approach greatly impacts broilers' performance and resistance against coccidiosis. The current study explored the impact of post-hatch feeding with a combination of glutamine (Glut) and different levels of omega-3 on broiler chickens' growth performance, muscle building, intestinal barrier, antioxidant ability and protection against avian coccidiosis. A total of six hundred Cobb 500 was divided into six groups: first group (fed basal diet and unchallenged (control) and challenged (negative control, NC) groups were fed a basal diet without additives, and the other groups were infected with Eimeria spp and supplemented with 1.5% Glut alone or with three different levels of omega-3 (0.25, 0.5 and 1%) during the starter period. Notable improvement in body weight gain was observed in the group which fed basal diet supplemented with glut and 1% omega 3 even after coccidia infection (increased by 25% compared challenged group) while feed conversion ratio was restored to control. Myogeneis was enhanced in the group supplemented with Glut and omega-3 (upregulation of myogenin, MyoD, mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase and insulin like growth factor-1 and downregulating of myostatin genes). Groups supplemented with Glut and higher levels of omega-3 highly expressed occluding, mucin-2, junctional Adhesion Molecule 2, b-defensin-1 and cathelicidins-2 genes. Group fed 1% Glut + omega-3 showed an increased total antioxidant capacity and glutathione peroxidase and super oxide dismutase enzymes activities with reduced levels of malondialdehyde, reactive oxygen species and H2O2. Post-infection, dietary Glut and 1% omega-3 increased intestinal interleukin-10 (IL) and secretory immunoglobulin-A and serum lysozyme, while decreased the elevated inflammatory mediators comprising interleukin IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, nitric oxide (NO) and inducible NO synthase. Fecal oocyst excretion and lesions score severity were lowered in the group fed 1% Glut and omega 3. Based on these findings, dietary Glut and omega-3 supplementation augmented restored overall broilers' performance after coccidial challenge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa T.Y Kishawy
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Reham A. Abd El-Wahab
- Biochemistry Department, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Mansoura Branch, Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt
| | - Fatma Eldemery
- Department of Hygiene and Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | | | - Saleh Altuwaijri
- Department of Pathology and laboratory diagnosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rasha M.M. Ezz-Eldin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ehab M. Abd-Allah
- Veterinary Educational Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Shimaa Zayed
- Biochemistry Department, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Mansoura Branch, Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt
| | - Zohair S. Mulla
- Department of Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudia Arabia
| | - Rasha B. El Sharkawy
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Zagazig Branch, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Agriculture Research Center, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Shereen Badr
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Mansoura Branch, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt
| | - Wessam Youssef
- Department of Biotechnology, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Giza, Egypt
| | - Doaa Ibrahim
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Kavulikirwa OK. Intersecting realities: Exploring the nexus between armed conflicts in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and Global Health. One Health 2024; 19:100849. [PMID: 39071485 PMCID: PMC11278555 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) grapples with entrenched armed conflicts, creating a complex humanitarian crisis with far-reaching implications for global health. This paper explores the intersection between armed conflict in the region and the risks of zoonotic disease transmission, shedding light on interconnected challenges and proposing integrated strategies for mitigation. Armed conflict disrupts healthcare systems, affecting healthcare facilities (HCF) and healthcare workers (HCW), destroying millions of lives, impoverishing communities, and weakening surveillance systems. This deleterious situation is a bottleneck to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), especially Universal Health Coverage (UHC), as it prevents millions of Congolese from accessing healthcare services. The direct impact of armed insecurity undermines Global Health Security (GHS) by fostering natural habitat degradation and biodiversity loss, exacerbating vulnerabilities to zoonotic disease outbreaks. Forced population displacement and encroachment on natural habitats amplify human-wildlife interaction, facilitating zoonotic disease spillover and increasing the risk of regional and global spread. Biodiversity loss and poaching further compound these challenges, underscoring the need for holistic approaches that address both conservation and public health concerns. Mitigating zoonotic disease risks requires strengthening surveillance systems, promoting community engagement, and integrating conservation efforts with conflict resolution initiatives. By adopting a comprehensive approach, including the incorporation of One Health considerations in all peace-seeking and humanitarian efforts, stakeholders can enhance Global Health Security, scale up UHC, and promote sustainable development in conflict-affected regions. Creativity and strategic foresight are essential to safeguarding the well-being of human, livestock, plant, and wildlife populations in the Eastern DRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Kambere Kavulikirwa
- Faculty of Veterinary medicine, Catholic University of Graben in Butembo, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montréal, School of Public Health, Canada
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Liège, Belgium
- Centre de Recherche en Santé Public(CReSP), Canada
- Groupe de Recherche en Epidémiologie des Zoonoses et Santé Publique, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Zhao H, Bradbury RS. Feline strongyloidiasis: An insight into its global prevalence and transmission cycle. One Health 2024; 19:100842. [PMID: 39026543 PMCID: PMC11255105 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The potential cross-transmission of Strongyloides stercoralis between dogs and humans has become an increasing focus of strongyloidiasis research and control programs. However, the role of cats and wild felids in the maintenance and transmission cycles of human and canine strongyloidiasis has received sparse attention. Feline strongyloidiasis epidemiology remain enigmatic. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the global prevalence of Strongyloides spp. in felines and reviewed cross-species infection studies to elucidate the transmission cycle of some feline Strongyloides species. Literature searched from seven databases identified 42 eligible prevalence studies published between 1985 and 2024. Of these, 44 datasets from 40 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Using a random effect model combined with the Rogan-Gladen method, we estimated the pooled global prevalence of Strongyloides spp. in felines at 13.3% (95% CI: 8.3-18.3%), with rates of 12.2% (95% CI: 6.7-17.8%) in domestic cats (Felis catus) and 20.0% (95% CI: 14.9-25.2%) in wild felids. Feline strongyloidiasis was distributed across all six WHO regions, with Africa (49.7%; 95% CI: 40.0-59.3%) and the Western Pacific (46.9%; 95% CI: 42.6-51.1%) showing the highest pooled prevalence. Subgroup analysis revealed a significantly higher prevalence of Strongyloides infection in stray domestic cats (29.2%; 95% CI: 6.3-52.1%) compared to pet cats (9.3%; 95% CI: 3.7-14.9) and shelter cats (4.4; 95% CI: 0-9.0). Historical cross-species transmission studies demonstrated variable susceptibility of cats to human- or canine-derived S. stercoralis. It remains inconclusive whether cats act as a reservoir for S. stercoralis infection in humans or vice versa. Feline strongyloidiasis is a prevalent condition in wild, stray, pet and shelter cats. Much of the available prevalence data does not discriminate to species level, and the role of cross-species transmission in feline S. stercoralis infections remains obscure. Future studies would benefit from utilising molecular genotyping tools to enable species-level phylogenetic differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zhao
- College of Public Health, Medical & Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Richard Stewart Bradbury
- College of Public Health, Medical & Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Goll A, Krupińska M, Nowicka J, Baranowicz K, Rabalski L, Lass A, Gorska A, Sironen T, Kant R, Grzybek M. Wild red foxes ( Vulpes vulpes) do not participate in SARS-CoV-2 circulation in Poland. One Health 2024; 19:100845. [PMID: 39071484 PMCID: PMC11278590 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biomonitoring is an essential activity for identifying possible vectors and reservoirs of pathogens and predicting potential outbreaks. Wild red foxes are present in both sylvatic and synanthropic environments, making them potential carriers of zoonotic pathogens. Experimental studies have shown that both coyotes and red foxes can transmit SARS-CoV-2. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in wild red foxes hunted in northern Poland. METHODS Oral swabs, blood clots or heat tissue samples were collected from 292 red foxes hunted in northern Poland. We used both molecular (RT-PCR) and serological (IFA) approaches to detect SARS-CoV-2 infections in the sampled animals. RESULTS We did not find any evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the collected samples, using both molecular and serological methods. CONCLUSIONS Despite foxes having frequent contact with humans, human waste, and other animals, they do not appear to participate in the circulation of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in our geographical region. Nevertheless, we believe that continuous biomonitoring should be performed to assess the SARS-CoV-2 epidemiological situation in the wild.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksander Goll
- Institute of Maritime and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdynia, Poland
| | - Martyna Krupińska
- Institute of Maritime and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdynia, Poland
| | - Joanna Nowicka
- Institute of Maritime and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdynia, Poland
| | - Karolina Baranowicz
- Institute of Maritime and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdynia, Poland
| | - Lukasz Rabalski
- Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
- Biological Threats Identification and Countermeasure Center, General Karol Kaczkowski Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Pulawy, Poland
| | - Anna Lass
- Institute of Maritime and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdynia, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Gorska
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Medical University in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Tarja Sironen
- Department of Virology, Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ravi Kant
- Institute of Maritime and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdynia, Poland
- Department of Virology, Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maciej Grzybek
- Institute of Maritime and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdynia, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Shum MHH, Lee Y, Tam L, Xia H, Chung OLW, Guo Z, Lam TTY. Binding affinity between coronavirus spike protein and human ACE2 receptor. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2024; 23:759-770. [PMID: 38304547 PMCID: PMC10831124 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2024.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Coronaviruses (CoVs) pose a major risk to global public health due to their ability to infect diverse animal species and potential for emergence in humans. The CoV spike protein mediates viral entry into the cell and plays a crucial role in determining the binding affinity to host cell receptors. With particular emphasis on α- and β-coronaviruses that infect humans and domestic animals, current research on CoV receptor use suggests that the exploitation of the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor poses a significant threat for viral emergence with pandemic potential. This review summarizes the approaches used to study binding interactions between CoV spike proteins and the human ACE2 (hACE2) receptor. Solid-phase enzyme immunoassays and cell binding assays allow qualitative assessment of binding but lack quantitative evaluation of affinity. Surface plasmon resonance, Bio-layer interferometry, and Microscale Thermophoresis on the other hand, provide accurate affinity measurement through equilibrium dissociation constants (KD). In silico modeling predicts affinity through binding structure modeling, protein-protein docking simulations, and binding energy calculations but reveals inconsistent results due to the lack of a standardized approach. Machine learning and deep learning models utilize simulated and experimental protein-protein interaction data to elucidate the critical residues associated with CoV binding affinity to hACE2. Further optimization and standardization of existing approaches for studying binding affinity could aid pandemic preparedness. Specifically, prioritizing surveillance of CoVs that can bind to human receptors stands to mitigate the risk of zoonotic spillover.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Ho-Hin Shum
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health (D24H), Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yang Lee
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Centre for Immunology and Infection (C2i), Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China
| | - Leighton Tam
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health (D24H), Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hui Xia
- Department of Chemistry, South University of Science and Technology of China, China
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Oscar Lung-Wa Chung
- Department of Chemistry, South University of Science and Technology of China, China
| | - Zhihong Guo
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tommy Tsan-Yuk Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health (D24H), Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China
- Centre for Immunology and Infection (C2i), Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
He J, Yang Z, Wang M, Jia R, Chen S, Liu M, Zhao X, Yang Q, Wu Y, Zhang S, Huang J, Ou X, Sun D, Tian B, He Y, Wu Z, Cheng A, Zhu D. Integrative and conjugative elements of Pasteurella multocida: Prevalence and signatures in population evolution. Virulence 2024; 15:2359467. [PMID: 38808732 PMCID: PMC11141479 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2024.2359467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Pasteurella multocida (P. multocida) is a bacterial pathogen responsible for a range of infections in humans and various animal hosts, causing significant economic losses in farming. Integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs) are important horizontal gene transfer elements, potentially enabling host bacteria to enhance adaptability by acquiring multiple functional genes. However, the understanding of ICEs in P. multocida and their impact on the transmission of this pathogen remains limited. In this study, 42 poultry-sourced P. multocida genomes obtained by high-throughput sequencing together with 393 publicly available P. multocida genomes were used to analyse the horizontal transfer of ICEs. Eighty-two ICEs were identified in P. multocida, including SXT/R391 and Tn916 subtypes, as well as three subtypes of ICEHin1056 family, with the latter being widely prevalent in P. multocida and carrying multiple resistance genes. The correlations between insertion sequences and resistant genes in ICEs were also identified, and some ICEs introduced the carbapenem gene blaOXA-2 and the bleomycin gene bleO to P. multocida. Phylogenetic and collinearity analyses of these bioinformatics found that ICEs in P. multocida were transmitted vertically and horizontally and have evolved with host specialization. These findings provide insight into the transmission and evolution mode of ICEs in P. multocida and highlight the importance of understanding these elements for controlling the spread of antibiotic resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiao He
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Sicence and Technology Department of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhishuang Yang
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Sicence and Technology Department of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mingshu Wang
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Sicence and Technology Department of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Renyong Jia
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Sicence and Technology Department of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shun Chen
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Sicence and Technology Department of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mafeng Liu
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Sicence and Technology Department of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xinxin Zhao
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Sicence and Technology Department of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiao Yang
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Sicence and Technology Department of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Sicence and Technology Department of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shaqiu Zhang
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Sicence and Technology Department of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Juan Huang
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Sicence and Technology Department of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xumin Ou
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Sicence and Technology Department of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Di Sun
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Sicence and Technology Department of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bin Tian
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Sicence and Technology Department of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu He
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Sicence and Technology Department of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhen Wu
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Sicence and Technology Department of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Anchun Cheng
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Sicence and Technology Department of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Dekang Zhu
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Sicence and Technology Department of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Masebo NT, Marliani G, Shannon Del Re F, Abram L, Cavallini D, Di Pietro M, Beltrame A, Schiavon E, Bolcato M, Hernandez Bermudez J, Gentile A, Jacinto JGP. Evaluation of antimicrobial and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory treatments for BRD on health and welfare in fattening bulls: a cross-sectional study. Vet Q 2024; 44:1-11. [PMID: 38711265 PMCID: PMC11078067 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2024.2347928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Our study aimed to evaluate the effect of different treatments for BRD on health and welfare in fattening bulls. A total of 264 bulls were enrolled. Welfare was assessed on day 2 (T0) and day 15 (T1) after arrival. A decrease in the welfare level was observed from T0 to T1. All bulls were inspected clinically at T0 and T1 revealing an increase of skin lesions and lameness in T1. In both periods, a high incidence of respiratory disease was observed. A prevalence of 79.55% and 95.45% of Mycoplasma bovis using RT-PCR and culture at T0 and T1 respectively was observed. Blood samples were collected for haematology at T0 and T1. At T0, 36 animals were individually treated for BRD with an antimicrobial (IT), 54 received a metaphylactic treatment with tulathromycin (M), 150 received a metaphylactic treatment with tulathromycin plus a second antimicrobial (M + IT) whereas 24 were considered healthy and therefore not treated (NT). Additionally, 128 were treated with a non-steroid anti-inflammatory (NSAID). Neutrophils of M + IT were significantly higher than groups NT and M and the lymphocytes of M + IT were significantly lower than that of IT. White blood cells, neutrophils and N/L ratio of animals treated with an NSAID was significantly higher than that not treated. Lung inspection of 172 bulls at the abattoir indicated that 92.43% presented at least one lung lesion. A statistically significant effect of the NSAID treatment on the lung lesions was observed. Our findings indicate that BRD was a major welfare and health concern and evidence the difficulties of antimicrobial treatment of M. bovis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naod Thomas Masebo
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Wolaita Soddo University, Wolaita Soddo, Ethiopia
| | - Giovanna Marliani
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Flavia Shannon Del Re
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Abram
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Damiano Cavallini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | - Eliana Schiavon
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, PD Legnaro, Italy
| | - Marilena Bolcato
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Joaquin Hernandez Bermudez
- Departamento de Patologia Animal, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela Campus Universitario, Lugo, Spain
| | - Arcangelo Gentile
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Joana G. P. Jacinto
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Kembou-Ringert JE, Hotio FN, Steinhagen D, Thompson KD, Surachetpong W, Rakus K, Daly JM, Goonawardane N, Adamek M. Knowns and unknowns of TiLV-associated neuronal disease. Virulence 2024; 15:2329568. [PMID: 38555518 PMCID: PMC10984141 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2024.2329568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Tilapia Lake Virus (TiLV) is associated with pathological changes in the brain of infected fish, but the mechanisms driving the virus's neuropathogenesis remain poorly characterized. TiLV establishes a persistent infection in the brain of infected fish even when the virus is no longer detectable in the peripheral organs, rendering therapeutic interventions and disease management challenging. Moreover, the persistence of the virus in the brain may pose a risk for viral reinfection and spread and contribute to ongoing tissue damage and neuroinflammatory processes. In this review, we explore TiLV-associated neurological disease. We discuss the possible mechanism(s) used by TiLV to enter the central nervous system (CNS) and examine TiLV-induced neuroinflammation and brain immune responses. Lastly, we discuss future research questions and knowledge gaps to be addressed to significantly advance this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Japhette E. Kembou-Ringert
- Department of infection, immunity and Inflammation, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Fortune N. Hotio
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Dieter Steinhagen
- Fish Disease Research Unit, Institute for parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kim D. Thompson
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, UK
| | - Win Surachetpong
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Krzysztof Rakus
- Department of Evolutionary Immunology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Janet M. Daly
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, UK
| | - Niluka Goonawardane
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Mikolaj Adamek
- Fish Disease Research Unit, Institute for parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Dandapat S, Bindu S, Sharma GK, Panickan S, Nandi S, Saikumar G, Dhama K. Development and evaluation of a chicken embryo fibroblast cell culture based live attenuated Indian strain duck plague vaccine. Vet Q 2024; 44:1-12. [PMID: 38726839 PMCID: PMC11089916 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2024.2350668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Duck plague (DP) is an acute, contagious and fatal disease, caused by duck enteritis virus (DEV), with worldwide distribution causing several outbreaks and posing severe economic losses. The present study was carried out with a goal of development of a live attenuated cell culture based DP vaccine using an Indian strain of DEV and evaluation of its safety, efficacy along with complete genome analysis. The live attenuated DP vaccine (DPvac/IVRI-19) was developed by serial propagation of a virulent isolate of DEV (DEV/India/IVRI-2016) in the chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) primary cell culture. Adaptation of DEV in CEF cell culture was indicated by more rapid appearance of cytopathic effects (CPE) and gradual increase of virus titre, which reached up to 107.5 TCID50/mL after 41 passages. The safety, immunogenicity and efficacy of the vaccine were determined by immunization trials in ducklings. The DPvac/IVRI-19 was found to be avirulent and completely safe in the ducklings. Further, the vaccine induced both humoral and cell mediated immune responses and afforded 100% protection against the virulent DEV challenge. A comparison of the whole genome of DPvac/IVRI-19 (MZ911871) and DEV/India/IVRI-2016 (MZ824102) revealed significant number of mutations, which might be associated with viral attenuation. Phylogenetic tree of DEV/India/IVRI-2016 revealed its evolutionary relationship with other DEV isolates, but it formed a separate cluster with certain unique mutations. Thus, with the proven safety and 100% efficacy, the DPvac/IVRI-19 is suitable for large scale production with precisely pure form of vaccine and has potential utility at national and global levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satyabrata Dandapat
- Immunology Section, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Suresh Bindu
- Immunology Section, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Gaurav Kumar Sharma
- Center for Animal Disease Research and Diagnosis, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sivasankar Panickan
- Immunology Section, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sukdeb Nandi
- Center for Animal Disease Research and Diagnosis, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - G. Saikumar
- Division of Pathology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Laaboudi FZ, Rejdali M, Amhamdi H, Salhi A, Elyoussfi A, Ahari M. In the weeds: A comprehensive review of cannabis; its chemical complexity, biosynthesis, and healing abilities. Toxicol Rep 2024; 13:101685. [PMID: 39056093 PMCID: PMC11269304 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2024.101685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
For millennia, various cultures have utilized cannabis for food, textile fiber, ethno-medicines, and pharmacotherapy, owing to its medicinal potential and psychotropic effects. An in-depth exploration of its historical, chemical, and therapeutic dimensions provides context for its contemporary understanding. The criminalization of cannabis in many countries was influenced by the presence of psychoactive cannabinoids; however, scientific advances and growing public awareness have renewed interest in cannabis-related products, especially for medical use. Described as a 'treasure trove,' cannabis produces a diverse array of cannabinoids and non-cannabinoid compounds. Recent research focuses on cannabinoids for treating conditions such as anxiety, depression, chronic pain, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and epilepsy. Additionally, secondary metabolites like phenolic compounds, terpenes, and terpenoids are increasingly recognized for their therapeutic effects and their synergistic role with cannabinoids. These compounds show potential in treating neuro and non-neuro disorders, and studies suggest their promise as antitumoral agents. This comprehensive review integrates historical, chemical, and therapeutic perspectives on cannabis, highlighting contemporary research and its vast potential in medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatima-Zahrae Laaboudi
- Applied Chemistry Team, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques of Al Hoceima, Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, Tetouan, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Rejdali
- Applied Chemistry Team, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques of Al Hoceima, Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, Tetouan, Morocco
| | - Hassan Amhamdi
- Applied Chemistry Team, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques of Al Hoceima, Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, Tetouan, Morocco
| | - Amin Salhi
- Applied Chemistry Team, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques of Al Hoceima, Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, Tetouan, Morocco
| | - Abedellah Elyoussfi
- Applied Chemistry Team, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques of Al Hoceima, Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, Tetouan, Morocco
| | - M.’hamed Ahari
- Applied Chemistry Team, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques of Al Hoceima, Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, Tetouan, Morocco
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Varsou DD, Kolokathis PD, Antoniou M, Sidiropoulos NK, Tsoumanis A, Papadiamantis AG, Melagraki G, Lynch I, Afantitis A. In silico assessment of nanoparticle toxicity powered by the Enalos Cloud Platform: Integrating automated machine learning and synthetic data for enhanced nanosafety evaluation. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2024; 25:47-60. [PMID: 38646468 PMCID: PMC11026727 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2024.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The rapid advance of nanotechnology has led to the development and widespread application of nanomaterials, raising concerns regarding their potential adverse effects on human health and the environment. Traditional (experimental) methods for assessing the nanoparticles (NPs) safety are time-consuming, expensive, and resource-intensive, and raise ethical concerns due to their reliance on animals. To address these challenges, we propose an in silico workflow that serves as an alternative or complementary approach to conventional hazard and risk assessment strategies, which incorporates state-of-the-art computational methodologies. In this study we present an automated machine learning (autoML) scheme that employs dose-response toxicity data for silver (Ag), titanium dioxide (TiO2), and copper oxide (CuO) NPs. This model is further enriched with atomistic descriptors to capture the NPs' underlying structural properties. To overcome the issue of limited data availability, synthetic data generation techniques are used. These techniques help in broadening the dataset, thus improving the representation of different NP classes. A key aspect of this approach is a novel three-step applicability domain method (which includes the development of a local similarity approach) that enhances user confidence in the results by evaluating the prediction's reliability. We anticipate that this approach will significantly expedite the nanosafety assessment process enabling regulation to keep pace with innovation, and will provide valuable insights for the design and development of safe and sustainable NPs. The ML model developed in this study is made available to the scientific community as an easy-to-use web-service through the Enalos Cloud Platform (www.enaloscloud.novamechanics.com/sabydoma/safenanoscope/), facilitating broader access and collaborative advancements in nanosafety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra-Danai Varsou
- NovaMechanics MIKE, Piraeus 18545, Greece
- Entelos Institute, Larnaca 6059, Cyprus
| | | | | | | | - Andreas Tsoumanis
- Entelos Institute, Larnaca 6059, Cyprus
- NovaMechanics Ltd, Nicosia 1070, Cyprus
| | - Anastasios G. Papadiamantis
- Entelos Institute, Larnaca 6059, Cyprus
- NovaMechanics Ltd, Nicosia 1070, Cyprus
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT Birmingham, UK
| | - Georgia Melagraki
- Division of Physical Sciences and Applications, Hellenic Military Academy, Vari 16672, Greece
| | - Iseult Lynch
- Entelos Institute, Larnaca 6059, Cyprus
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT Birmingham, UK
| | - Antreas Afantitis
- NovaMechanics MIKE, Piraeus 18545, Greece
- Entelos Institute, Larnaca 6059, Cyprus
- NovaMechanics Ltd, Nicosia 1070, Cyprus
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Giannico F, Karatosidi D, Carbonara C, Ragni M, Tarricone S, Caputi Jambrenghi A, Tedone L, Colonna MA. Effects of grazing on grassland or wood-pasture, slaughtering age and ageing time on meat production and quality in Podolian young bulls. Vet Q 2024; 44:1-12. [PMID: 39089404 PMCID: PMC11299441 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2024.2381544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Podolian cattle is an autochthonous breed well adapted to the harsh semi-arid environments of the Southern Italy regions; the extensive rearing system used for these indigenous animals is based on grazing on spontaneous pastures, such as grasslands or wood pastures These grazing systems respect animal welfare and enrich animal products with characteristics closely related to the feeding system and the farming environment. The aim of the present study was to characterize the nutritional value of a forage crop and a wood-pasture and to evaluate the effects of grazing by Podolian young bulls on the performances and meat quality in relation to the age at slaughter (14 or 18 months) and to the ageing time of meat (3, 9 or 14 days). The metabolizable energy and the gas production were greater in April and June for both pasture systems. Young bulls raised on the grassland showed greater slaughter weights (p < 0.05) as compared to those fed on the woodland system, at both the slaughtering ages. The Warner Bratzler Shear (WBS) force values for raw and cooked meat were not influenced by the pasture system but they significantly (p < 0.01) decreased in relation to the ageing time in all the groups. Ageing markedly (p < 0.05) increased the malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration from 3 to 14 days of storage, regardless of the pasture system and the slaughtering age. The n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio of meat was markedly lower in grassland animals, regardless of the age of slaughter. In conclusion, 18 months old grassland beef showed better performances and yield of meat cuts. Ageing for 9 days positively affected meat WBS without increasing MDA concentration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Giannico
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Despoina Karatosidi
- Research Institute of Animal Science, Hellenic Agricultural Organization-DIMITRA, Giannitsa, Pella, Greece
| | - Claudia Carbonara
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Marco Ragni
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Simona Tarricone
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Luigi Tedone
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Laidoudi Y, Sevestre J, Bedjaoui S, Watier-Grillot S, Davoust B. Serosurvey of canine leishmaniasis in five departments near an identified human clinical case in Marseille (France). One Health 2024; 19:100855. [PMID: 39091974 PMCID: PMC11292362 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Leishmania infantum is a protozoan parasite of the family Trypanosomatidae, transmitted by the bite of phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae). It is responsible for human and canine leishmaniasis in countries bordering the Mediterranean basin. Here we describe a clinical case of human cutaneous leishmaniasis in a 76-year-old female patient living in Marseille. Upon interrogation, the patient had no history of recent travel or contact with animals. The study involved clinical, serological, and molecular investigation of the occurrence of Leishmania infection in 718 dogs from five departments within a 130 km radius perimeter around Marseille. Five dogs showed signs of moderate leishmaniasis. Additionally, the serological survey of dogs revealed a global seroprevalence of 5.1%, with a significantly different prevalence in the Vaucluse department. Molecular analysis and phylogenetic studies highlighted the close relatedness of Leishmania strains between human and canine hosts with 99.6% of identity, indicating local transmission. The findings underscore the importance of serological surveillance in dogs and human. In a One Health approach, it is necessary to continue investigating Leishmania infection in all potential reservoirs, especially for zoonotic L. infantum in wildlife (red foxes, leporids, rodents, etc.) but also in dogs, cats, and equids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Younes Laidoudi
- UMR D257 RITMES (Aix-Marseille University, Public Assistance-Marseille Hospitals, French Military Health Service), Marseille, France
- University Hospital Institute Mediterranean Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Jacques Sevestre
- UMR D257 RITMES (Aix-Marseille University, Public Assistance-Marseille Hospitals, French Military Health Service), Marseille, France
- University Hospital Institute Mediterranean Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Samia Bedjaoui
- UMR D257 RITMES (Aix-Marseille University, Public Assistance-Marseille Hospitals, French Military Health Service), Marseille, France
- University Hospital Institute Mediterranean Infection, Marseille, France
| | | | - Bernard Davoust
- UMR D257 RITMES (Aix-Marseille University, Public Assistance-Marseille Hospitals, French Military Health Service), Marseille, France
- University Hospital Institute Mediterranean Infection, Marseille, France
- Animal Epidemiology Expert Group of the French Military Health Service, Tours, France
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Doté J, Joffret ML, Beta BN, Ait-Ahmed M, Banga-Mingo V, Knowles NJ, Jouvenet N, MBaïkoua MN, Gouandjika-Vasilache I, Bessaud M. Characterization of enteroviruses circulating among farm animals and children in Central African Republic. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024; 13:2368212. [PMID: 38864685 PMCID: PMC11212570 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2368212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
To characterize enteroviruses (EVs) circulating in farm animals in Central African Republic (CAR), we screened 192 stools of animals under 12 months belonging to family farms located in or near Bangui. To assess whether EV exchanges exist between these animals and humans, we also screened 195 stools of children who lived in contact with farm animals, as well as control stools of 358 children with no contact with farm animals. EVs were typed based on their capsid sequences.In children, all EVs belonged to species A, B and C, with EV-Cs accounting for 60%. Some EV-Cs shared recent common ancestors with lineages of vaccine-derived poliovirus that emerged in the country in 2019-2020. In animals, we identified EV-Gs that belonged to 10 different types, including a previously unknown one that we named EV-G28, while no EV-E or EV-F were observed. The CAR EV-Gs were genetically closely related to specimens sampled in other continents and some of them harboured the torovirus-derived insertion already reported in some EV-Gs. The worldwide circulation of EV-Gs is likely due the massive international trade of live animals. Besides, two human EV-Cs (coxsackievirus A17 and coxsackievirus A24) were detected in pigs, suggesting that these viruses could cross the species barrier. Our work provides original data on the epidemiology and ecology of EVs circulating among herd animals in Africa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joël Doté
- Institut Pasteur de Bangui, Laboratoire des virus entériques/rougeole, Bangui, Central African Republic
| | - Marie-Line Joffret
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, Virus Sensing and Signaling Unit, Paris, France
- Laboratoire associé au Centre national de référence entérovirus/paréchovirus, Paris, France
| | - Bertille Ndombari Beta
- Institut Pasteur de Bangui, Laboratoire des virus entériques/rougeole, Bangui, Central African Republic
| | - Mohand Ait-Ahmed
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, Pôle de coordination de la Recherche clinique, Paris, France
| | - Virginie Banga-Mingo
- Institut Pasteur de Bangui, Laboratoire des virus entériques/rougeole, Bangui, Central African Republic
| | | | - Nolwenn Jouvenet
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, Virus Sensing and Signaling Unit, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Maël Bessaud
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, Virus Sensing and Signaling Unit, Paris, France
- Laboratoire associé au Centre national de référence entérovirus/paréchovirus, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Roth JA, Galyon J. Food security: The ultimate one-health challenge. One Health 2024; 19:100864. [PMID: 39185351 PMCID: PMC11342268 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Food insecurity is a serious and immediate concern for the world due to challenges including overpopulation; conflicts; animal, plant, and human diseases; climate change; depletion of resources; and environmental degradation. Long-term solutions for food production must consider the impacts on the environment, water and other resources, human and animal health, and sustainable crop production. The fundamental cause of food insecurity is the rapid and unprecedented increase in human population from approximately 2 billion people in 1925 to over 8 billion in 2023. The need for food has led to major expansion of both crop and food animal production including movement into new areas; increased production requires more resources, some of which are being depleted. This paper focuses on food animal production. Humans depend on three major species for most animal-origin food: Chickens (meat and eggs), cattle (meat and milk), and swine (meat). Each species is currently threatened by diseases that can rapidly spread internationally, and some have zoonotic potential. Diversification of animal-based food, such as expanding aquaculture can help to protect against food shortages should an epizootic occur in one or more of the above species. Cutting-edge science is needed to improve food animal production and pathogen control. This requires an interdisciplinary one-world, one-health approach led by international organizations and funded by the developed world. An optimal response will involve scientists and policy experts from government, the private sector, and universities worldwide. Strengthening all nations' public health infrastructure and veterinary services is essential to this aim. Fortunately, concerns about worldwide food security are concurrent with rapid advances in nearly all aspects of science, which can be applied to sustainably increase food production both locally and globally. There must be a collective will to apply science and to implement policies to solve current food security problems and to prepare for future challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James A. Roth
- Center for Food Security and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, 1800 Christensen Drive, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Jane Galyon
- Center for Food Security and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, 1800 Christensen Drive, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Lin QY, Du JJ, Xu H, Lv MK, Xu L, Li J, Cao ZH. Effects of fecal microbial transplantation on police performance and transportation stress in Kunming police dogs. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:46. [PMID: 38183474 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12935-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has been shown to improve gut dysbiosis in dogs; however, it has not completely been understood in police dogs. This study aimed to investigate the effects of FMT on performance and gut microflora in Kunming police dogs. Twenty Wolf Cyan dogs were randomly assigned to receive physiological saline or fecal suspension at low, medium, or high doses through oral gavage for 14 days. Growth performance, police performance, serum biochemical profiling, and gut microflora were determined 2-week post-FMT. Dogs after FMT treatment were also subjected to an hour road transportation and then were evaluated for serum stress indicators. Overall, FMT enhanced the growth performance and alleviated diarrhea rate in Kunming dogs with the greatest effects occurring in the low dose FMT (KML) group. The improvement of FMT on police performance was also determined. These above alterations were accompanied by changed serum biochemical parameters as indicated by elevated total protein and albumin and reduced total cholesterol and glycerol. Furthermore, the serum stress indicators after road transportation in dog post-FMT significantly decreased. Increased bacterial diversity and modified bacterial composition were found in the feces of dogs receiving FMT. The fecal samples from FMT dogs were characterized by higher abundances of the genera Lactobacillus, Prevotella, and Fusobacterium and lower concentrations of Cetobacterium, Allobaculum, Bifidobacterium, and Streptococcus. The present study supports a potential benefit of FMT on police performance in Kunming dogs. KEY POINTS: • FMT improves the growth performance and reduces diarrhea rates in Kunming police dogs. • FMT alleviates the serum stress profiles after road transportation in Kunming police dogs. • FMT modifies the gut microbiota composition of Kunming police dogs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Ye Lin
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Heilongtan, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Jing Du
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Heilongtan, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Hu Xu
- Kunming Police Dog Base of the Ministry of Public Security, Heilongtan, Kunming, 650204, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Kui Lv
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Heilongtan, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Le Xu
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Heilongtan, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Li
- Kunming Police Dog Base of the Ministry of Public Security, Heilongtan, Kunming, 650204, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhen-Hui Cao
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Heilongtan, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China.
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Heilongtan, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Chou AA, Lin CH, Chang YC, Chang HW, Lin YC, Pi CC, Kan YM, Chuang HF, Chen HW. Antiviral activity of Vigna radiata extract against feline coronavirus in vitro. Vet Q 2024; 44:1-13. [PMID: 38712855 PMCID: PMC11078076 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2024.2349665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a fatal illness caused by a mutated feline coronavirus (FCoV). This disease is characterized by its complexity, resulting from systemic infection, antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE), and challenges in accessing effective therapeutics. Extract derived from Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek (VRE) exhibits various pharmacological effects, including antiviral activity. This study aimed to investigate the antiviral potential of VRE against FCoV, addressing the urgent need to advance the treatment of FIP. We explored the anti-FCoV activity, antiviral mechanism, and combinational application of VRE by means of in vitro antiviral assays. Our findings reveal that VRE effectively inhibited the cytopathic effect induced by FCoV, reduced viral proliferation, and downregulated spike protein expression. Moreover, VRE blocked FCoV in the early and late infection stages and was effective under in vitro ADE infection. Notably, when combined with VRE, the polymerase inhibitor GS-441524 or protease inhibitor GC376 suppressed FCoV more effectively than monotherapy. In conclusion, this study characterizes the antiviral property of VRE against FCoV in vitro, and VRE possesses therapeutic potential for FCoV treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Ai Chou
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hui Lin
- National Taiwan University Veterinary Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- TACS-alliance Research Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chen Chang
- Graduate Institute of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Wen Chang
- Graduate Institute of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chen Lin
- King’s Ground Biotech Co., Ltd., Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chen Pi
- King’s Ground Biotech Co., Ltd., Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Ming Kan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Fen Chuang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Wen Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Animal Resource Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Chen CH, Chang CC, Chen WC, Lee YJ. Evaluation of chronic stress status and quality of life in cats suffering from chronic kidney disease and suspected feline infectious peritonitis based on hair cortisol concentration analysis and a questionnaire. Vet Q 2024; 44:1-9. [PMID: 39028217 PMCID: PMC11262211 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2024.2379327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Hair cortisol concentration (HCC) and a questionnaire were used as indicators of chronic stress status and quality of life (QoL), respectively, in cats. To date, there has been limited research on the simultaneous application of both indicators in unwell cats. Our aim was to evaluate HCC and questionnaire data obtained from a healthy cat cohort (n = 61) and cat cohorts with either chronic kidney disease (CKD) (n = 78) or suspected feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) (n = 24). Furthermore, we also investigated the correlation between HCC and clinical pathological data. For this study, hair from the abdomen of cats was collected and analyzed for HCC using a commercial ELISA kit. Owners also completed a questionnaire, from which average-item-weighted-impact-scores (AWISs) were calculated. Cats with late-stage-CKD (median, HCC = 330.15 pg/mg, AWIS = -0.43) presented with a significantly higher HCC (p < 0.01) and a significantly lower AWIS (p < 0.01) than cats with early-stage-CKD (HCC = 183.56 pg/mg, AWIS = 1.08). Similarly, there were significant differences in both HCC (p < 0.001) and AWIS (p < 0.001) between cats with suspected FIP (HCC = 896.27 pg/mg, AWIS = -1.97) and healthy cats (HCC = 181.24 pg/mg, AWIS = 1.24). The degree of consistency between the HCC results and the questionnaire results reminds us that the severity of a chronic disease or the presence of a life-threatening disease can significantly increase stress and thus can affect the QoL of cats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Hui Chen
- Institute of Veterinary Clinical Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bio-Resources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- National Taiwan University Veterinary Hospital, College of Bio-Resources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Chin Chang
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Che Chen
- Institute of Veterinary Clinical Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bio-Resources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- National Taiwan University Veterinary Hospital, College of Bio-Resources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Jane Lee
- Institute of Veterinary Clinical Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bio-Resources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- National Taiwan University Veterinary Hospital, College of Bio-Resources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Li C, Azad MAK, Zhu Q, Cheng Y, Gui J, Song B, Zhou Z, Kong X. Differences in intestinal and renal Ca and P uptake in three different breeds of growing-finishing pigs. Vet Q 2024; 44:1-16. [PMID: 38965863 PMCID: PMC11229737 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2024.2371609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the differences in bone growth and turnover and calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) uptake among three different breeds of growing-finishing pigs. Ninety healthy Duroc, Xiangcun black (XCB), and Taoyuan black (TYB) pigs (30 pigs per breed) at 35 day-old (D) with the average body weight (BW) of their respective breed were assigned and raised to 185 D. The results showed that Duroc pigs had higher bone weight and length than the XCB and TYB pigs at 80, 125, and 185 D and the bone index at 185 D (p < 0.05). Duroc pigs had higher bone mineral densities (femur and tibia) compared with the other two breeds at 80 D and 125 D, whereas TYB pigs had higher mineral content and bone breaking load (rib) compared with the other two breeds at 185 D (p < 0.05). The bone morphogenetic protein-2 and osteocalcin concentrations were higher, and TRACP5b concentration was lower in serum of TYB pigs at 125 D (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, parathyroid hormone, thyroxine, and fibroblast growth factor 23 concentrations were higher in serum of TYB pigs at 185 D (p < 0.05). The TYB pigs had higher apparent total tract digestibility of P at 80 D and 185 D and bone Ca and P contents at 185 D in comparison to the Duroc pigs (p < 0.05). Furthermore, gene expressions related to renal uptake of Ca and P differed among the three breeds of pigs. Collectively, Duroc pigs have higher bone growth, whereas TYB pigs have a higher potential for mineral deposition caused by more active Ca uptake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenjian Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Md. Abul Kalam Azad
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yating Cheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jue Gui
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenlei Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiangfeng Kong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Zhang A, Lu L, Yang F, Luo T, Yang S, Yang P, Li X, Deng X, Qiu Y, Chen L, Long K, Pan D, Jin L, Li M, Chen L. Effects of miR-29c on proliferation and adipogenic differentiation of porcine bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells. Adipocyte 2024; 13:2365211. [PMID: 38858810 PMCID: PMC11174058 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2024.2365211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs), a subclass of noncoding short RNAs, direct cells fate decisions that are important for cell proliferation and cell lineage decisions. Adipogenic differentiation contributes greatly to the development of white adipose tissue, involving of highly organized regulation by miRNAs. In the present study, we screened and identified 78 differently expressed miRNAs of porcine BMSCs during adipogenic differentiation. Of which, the role of miR-29c in regulating the proliferation and adipogenic differentiation was proved and detailed. Specifically, over-expression miR-29c inhibits the proliferation and adipogenic differentiation of BMSCs, which were reversed upon miR-29c inhibitor. Interference of IGF1 inhibits the proliferation and adipogenic differentiation of BMSCs. Mechanistically, miR-29c regulates the proliferation and adipogenic differentiation of BMSCs by targeting IGF1 and further regulating the MAPK pathway and the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway, respectively. In conclusion, we highlight the important role of miR-29c in regulating proliferation and adipogenic differentiation of BMSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anjing Zhang
- Department of Pig Production, Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chongqing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu Lu
- Department of Pig Production, Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chongqing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fuxing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tingting Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuqi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Peidong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuemin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoli Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Litong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Keren Long
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dengke Pan
- Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Long Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingzhou Li
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Pig Production, Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Evaluation and Utilization (Pigs), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Sana B, Chand N, Naz S, Alhidary IA, Khan RU, Shamsi S, Losacco C, Tufarelli V. Effects of hempseed ( Cannabis sativa L.) in diet on growth, gut health, and immunity in broilers. Vet Q 2024; 44:1-10. [PMID: 38889341 PMCID: PMC11188954 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2024.2367214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of different levels of hempseed (HS) on growth performance, immunity and gut health in broiler chickens. A total of 192 Hubbard broiler chicks were divided into four groups and fed HS as follow: control (HS0), HS 10% (HS-10), HS 15% (HS-15) and HS 20% (HS-20). The study on HS supplementation in broilers revealed no significant impacts on feed intake during the starter (p = .2294) and finisher phases (p = .2294), or overall (p = .0944), though numerical increases were noted with higher HS levels. Body weight gain showed no significant influence in the starter and finisher phases, with overall weight gain also not significantly different (p = .0944), but numerically higher with increased HS. Feed conversion ratio was unaffected in the starter (p = .6986) and finisher phases (p = .6425), and overall (p = .2218). Dressing percentage (p = .1062) and mortality (p = .1631) were not significantly altered, but HS-20 had the highest dressing percentage and lowest mortality numerically. White blood cell counts increased significantly (p = .0377), especially in HS-15 and HS-20 groups. IgM and IgG production was higher in HS-20 on day 28 (p = .021). Gut pH (p > .05) and intestinal histomorphology (p > .05) were not significantly affected, although villus height increased numerically with higher HS levels. These results suggest potential benefits of HS, especially at higher inclusion levels. In conclusion, the obtained results indicated that HS incorporation into the diet of broilers did not affect the growth performance and gut health; however, the immune responses were significantly higher at 15 and 20% levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bushra Sana
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Naila Chand
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Shabana Naz
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ibrahim A. Alhidary
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Science, King Saud University, Riadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rifat Ullah Khan
- College of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Shamsuddin Shamsi
- College of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Caterina Losacco
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Jonian Area (DiMePRe-J), Section of Veterinary Science and Animal Production, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, Valenzano, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Tufarelli
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Jonian Area (DiMePRe-J), Section of Veterinary Science and Animal Production, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, Valenzano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Deschamps C, Humbert D, Chalancon S, Achard C, Apper E, Denis S, Blanquet-Diot S. Large intestinal nutritional and physicochemical parameters from different dog sizes reshape canine microbiota structure and functions in vitro. Bioengineered 2024; 15:2325713. [PMID: 38471972 PMCID: PMC10936688 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2024.2325713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Different dog sizes are associated with variations in large intestinal physiology including gut microbiota, which plays a key role in animal health. This study aims to evaluate, using the CANIM-ARCOL (Canine Mucosal Artificial Colon), the relative importance of gut microbes versus physicochemical and nutritional parameters of the canine colonic environment in shaping microbiota structure and functions. CANIM-ARCOL was set up to reproduce nutrient availability, bile acid profiles, colonic pH, and transit time from small, medium, or large dogs according to in vivo data, while bioreactors were all inoculated with a fecal sample collected from medium size dogs (n = 2). Applying different dog size parameters resulted in a positive association between size and gas or SCFA production, as well as distinct microbiota profiles as revealed by 16S Metabarcoding. Comparisons with in vivo data from canine stools and previous in vitro results obtained when CANIM-ARCOL was inoculated with fecal samples from three dog sizes revealed that environmental colonic parameters were sufficient to drive microbiota functions. However, size-related fecal microbes were necessary to accurately reproduce in vitro the colonic ecosystem of small, medium, and large dogs. For the first time, this study provides mechanistic insights on which parameters from colonic ecosystem mainly drive canine microbiota in relation to dog size. The CANIM-ARCOL can be used as a relevant in vitro platform to unravel interactions between food or pharma compounds and canine colonic microbiota, under different dog size conditions. The potential of the model will be extended soon to diseased situations (e.g. chronic enteropathies or obesity).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Deschamps
- Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR 454 MEDIS UCA-INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, Puy-de-Dôme, France
- Lallemand Animal Nutrition, Blagnac Cedex, Haute-Garonne, France
| | | | - Sandrine Chalancon
- Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR 454 MEDIS UCA-INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, Puy-de-Dôme, France
| | - Caroline Achard
- Lallemand Animal Nutrition, Blagnac Cedex, Haute-Garonne, France
| | - Emmanuelle Apper
- Lallemand Animal Nutrition, Blagnac Cedex, Haute-Garonne, France
| | - Sylvain Denis
- Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR 454 MEDIS UCA-INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, Puy-de-Dôme, France
| | - Stéphanie Blanquet-Diot
- Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR 454 MEDIS UCA-INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, Puy-de-Dôme, France
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Huggins LG, Namgyel U, Wangchuk P, Atapattu U, Traub R, Colella V. Metabarcoding using nanopore sequencing enables identification of diverse and zoonotic vector-borne pathogens from neglected regions: A case study investigating dogs from Bhutan. One Health 2024; 19:100839. [PMID: 39005237 PMCID: PMC11238191 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The diversity and prevalence of canine vector-borne pathogens (VBPs) in Bhutan have to date remained unexplored, whilst recent epidemiological surveys in other South Asian nations have found diseases caused by VBPs to be rife in local dog populations. Importantly, many of such VBPs can infect people as well, with a building body of evidence identifying potentially zoonotic rickettsial organisms infecting humans in Bhutan. Given the lack of data on canine pathogens in Bhutan we employed a suite of deep-sequencing metabarcoding methods using Oxford Nanopore Technologies' MinION™ device to holistically characterise the bacterial, apicomplexan and filarial worm blood-borne pathogens of dogs in the country's south. Of the 95 stray, owned and community dogs sampled 78% (95% CI = 69%-85%) were infected with at least one VBP. Pathogen species detected were highly diverse including the bacteria Mycoplasma haemocanis in 16% (95% CI: 10-24%), Ehrlichia canis in 4% (95% CI: 2-10%), Anaplasma platys in 2% (95% CI: 0.5-7%) of dogs as well as the zoonotic species Bartonella clarridgeiae in 1% (95% CI: 0.1-6%), a potentially novel Bartonella spp. and an Ehrlichia chaffeensis-like bacterium, both in 1% (95% CI: 0.1-6%) of dogs. The apicomplexan haemoparasites Hepatozoon canis in 62% (95% CI: 52-71%), Babesia gibsoni in 45% (95% CI: 36-55%) and Babesia vogeli in 3% (95% CI: 1-9%) of dogs were also detected. Finally, 5% (95% CI: 2-12%) of dogs were found to be infected with the filarioid Acanthocheilonema reconditum and 1% (95% CI: 0.1-6%) with zoonotic Dirofilaria sp. hongkongensis. One canine was found positive to the filarioid Setaria tundra, a species normally found infecting cervids. The elucidated diversity of VBP communities highlights the strength of assumption-free diagnostics, such as metabarcoding, in detecting rare, novel, and unexpected pathogens. This approach to identifying pathogen diversity is of critical importance when investigating regions and populations that have thus far been neglected, with the findings aiding the development of future One Health informed strategies for disease control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas G. Huggins
- Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - Ugyen Namgyel
- National Centre for Animal Health, Serbithang, Thimphu 11001, Bhutan
| | - Pelden Wangchuk
- National Centre for Animal Health, Serbithang, Thimphu 11001, Bhutan
| | - Ushani Atapattu
- Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - Rebecca Traub
- Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
- CityU Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Vito Colella
- Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Šejnohová A, Koutenská M, Jirků M, Brožová K, Pavlíčková Z, Kadlecová O, Cinek O, Maloney JG, Santín M, Petrželková KJ, Jirků K. A cross-sectional survey of Blastocystis sp. and Dientamoeba fragilis in non-human primates and their caregivers in Czech zoos. One Health 2024; 19:100862. [PMID: 39157650 PMCID: PMC11327577 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Intestinal protists in the gut microbiome are increasingly studied, but their basic epidemiology is not well understood. We explored the prevalence, genetic diversity, and potential zoonotic transmission of two protists colonizing the large intestine - Blastocystis sp. and Dientamoeba fragilis - in 37 species of non-human primates (NHPs) and their caregivers in six zoos in the Czech Republic. We analyzed 179 fecal samples (159 from NHPs, 20 from humans) by qPCR. Blastocystis sp. was detected in 54.7% (98/179) of samples, in 24 NHP species and in 57.2% of NHP samples (prevalence ranged between 36 and 80%), and in 35% of human samples (prevalence ranged between 0 and 67%). Using next generation amplicon sequencing, nine Blastocystis subtypes (ST1-ST5, ST7, ST8, and two novel subtypes) were identified. The two new Blastocystis subtypes (named ST47 and ST48) were described using Nanopore sequencing to produce full-length reference sequences of the small subunit ribosomal RNA gene. Some subtypes were shared between NHPs and their caregivers, suggesting potential zoonotic transmission. Mixed subtype colonization was frequently observed, with 52% of sequenced samples containing two or more subtypes. Dientamoeba was found only in NHPs with a prevalence of 6%. This study emphasizes the critical role of molecular diagnostics in epidemiological and transmission studies of these protists and calls for further research to better understand their impact on public health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Šejnohová
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 1160/31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1160/31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Koutenská
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 1160/31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1160/31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Jirků
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 1160/31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Kristýna Brožová
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 1160/31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1160/31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Pavlíčková
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 1160/31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Oldřiška Kadlecová
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 1160/31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Cinek
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, V Úvalu 84, 150 06 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jenny G. Maloney
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 307 Center Road, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Mónica Santín
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 307 Center Road, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Klára J. Petrželková
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 1160/31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Květná 8, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Jirků
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 1160/31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1160/31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Ita K, Prinze J. Machine learning for skin permeability prediction: random forest and XG boost regression. J Drug Target 2024; 32:57-65. [PMID: 37962433 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2023.2284096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Background: Machine learning algorithms that can quickly and easily estimate skin permeability (Kp) are increasingly being used in drug delivery research. The linear free energy relationship (LFER) developed by Abraham is a practical technique for predicting Kp. The permeability coefficients and Abraham solute descriptor values for 175 organic compounds have been documented in the scientific literature.Purpose: The purpose of this project was to use a publicly available dataset to make skin permeability predictions using the random forest and XBoost regression techniques.Methods: We employed Pandas-based methods in JupyterLab to predict permeability coefficient (Kp) from solute descriptors (excess molar refraction [E], combined dipolarity/polarizability [S], overall solute hydrogen bond acidity and basicity [A and B], and the McGowan's characteristic molecular volume [V]).Results: The random forest and XG Boost regression models established statistically significant association between the descriptors and the skin permeability coefficient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Ita
- College of Pharmacy, Touro University, Vallejo, CA, USA
| | - Joyce Prinze
- College of Pharmacy, Touro University, Vallejo, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|