501
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Lu C, Ren C, Yang T, Sun Y, Qiao P, Wang D, Lv S, Yu Z. A Noncanonical Role of Fructose-1, 6-Bisphosphatase 1 Is Essential for Inhibition of Notch1 in Breast Cancer. Mol Cancer Res 2020; 18:787-796. [PMID: 32041737 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-19-0842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a leading cause of death in women worldwide, but the underlying mechanisms of breast tumorigenesis remain unclear. Fructose-1, 6-bisphosphatase 1 (FBP1), a rate-limiting enzyme in gluconeogenesis, was recently shown to be a tumor suppressor in breast cancer. However, the mechanisms of FBP1 as a tumor suppressor in breast cancer remain to be explored. Here we showed that FBP1 bound to Notch1 in breast cancer cells. Moreover, FBP1 enhanced ubiquitination of Notch1, further leading to proteasomal degradation via FBXW7 pathway. In addition, we found that FBP1 significantly repressed the transactivation of Notch1 in breast cancer cells. Functionally, Notch1 was involved in FBP1-mediated tumorigenesis of breast cancer cells in vivo and in vitro. Totally, these findings indicate that FBP1 inhibits breast tumorigenesis by regulating Notch1 pathway, highlighting FBP1 as a potential therapeutic target for breast cancer. IMPLICATIONS: We demonstrate FBP1 as a novel regulator for Notch1 in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Lu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Chune Ren
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Yang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Yonghong Sun
- Department of Pathology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Pengyun Qiao
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Shijun Lv
- Department of Pathology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Zhenhai Yu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, P.R. China.
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502
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Zhang Q, Xiao X, Zheng J, Li M, Yu M, Ping F, Wang T, Wang X. Maternal Inulin Supplementation Alters Hepatic DNA Methylation Profile and Improves Glucose Metabolism in Offspring Mice. Front Physiol 2020; 11:70. [PMID: 32116778 PMCID: PMC7020697 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Scope As a prebiotic, inulin may have a protective effect on glucose metabolism. However, the mechanism of inulin treatment on glucose intolerance in offspring exposed to a maternal high-fat (HF) diet is still not clear. Here, we examined the hepatic DNA methylation profile to determine how maternal inulin supplementation modified glucose metabolism in offspring mice. Procedures Female mice were fed a HF diet, control diet (CON), or a HF diet with inulin supplementation (HF-inulin) during gestation and lactation. Upon weaning, pup livers were obtained. A hepatic genome DNA methylation array was performed. Results Pups exposed to a maternal HF diet exhibited glucose intolerance and insulin resistance. Maternal inulin treatment moderated glucose metabolism. A DNA methylation array identified differentially methylated regions associated with 970 annotated genes from pups exposed to a HF diet in response to maternal inulin treatment. In particular, the wingless-type MMTV integration site family member 5A (Wnt5a) gene was hypermethylated, and the phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 2 alpha (Pik3c2a), phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 2 beta (Pik3c2b), and phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 2 (Pik3r2) genes were hypomethylated in inulin-treated pups. Consistently, hepatic Wnt5a gene expression was reduced and Pik3c2a, Pik3c2b, and Pik3r2 gene expression were increased in the inulin group. Conclusion Maternal inulin treatment improved glucose intolerance by changing DNA methylation and gene expression of Wnt5a and Pi3k in mice exposed to a maternal HF diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinhua Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Ping
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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503
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Ren T, Ma A, Zhuo R, Zhang H, Peng L, Jin X, Yao E, Yang L. Oleoylethanolamide Increases Glycogen Synthesis and Inhibits Hepatic Gluconeogenesis via the LKB1/AMPK Pathway in Type 2 Diabetic Model. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2020; 373:81-91. [PMID: 32024803 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.119.262675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oleoylethanolamide (OEA) is an endogenous peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) agonist that acts on the peripheral control of energy metabolism. However, its therapeutic potential and related mechanisms in hepatic glucose metabolism under type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are not clear. Here, OEA treatment markedly improved glucose homeostasis in a PPARα-independent manner. OEA efficiently promoted glycogen synthesis and suppressed gluconeogenesis in mouse primary hepatocytes and liver tissue. OEA enhanced hepatic glycogen synthesis and inhibited gluconeogenesis via liver kinase B1 (LKB1)/5' AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathways. PPARα was not involved in the roles of OEA in the LKB1/AMPK pathways. We found that OEA exerts its antidiabetic effect by increasing glycogenesis and decreasing gluconeogenesis via the LKB1/AMPK pathway. The ability of OEA to control hepatic LKB1/AMPK pathways may serve as a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of T2DM. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Oleoylethanolamide (OEA) exerted a potent antihyperglycemic effect in a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α-independent manner. OEA played an antihyperglycemic role primarily via regulation of hepatic glycogen synthesis and gluconeogenesis. The main molecular mechanism of OEA in regulating liver glycometabolism is activating the liver kinase B1/5' AMP-activated protein kinase signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Ren
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Chiral Drugs, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China (T.R., A.M., R.Z., H.Z., L.P., X.J., L.Y.) and Department of Cardiology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Institute of Coronary Artery Disease, Fujian Heart Medical Center, Fuzhou, China (E.Y.)
| | - Ang Ma
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Chiral Drugs, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China (T.R., A.M., R.Z., H.Z., L.P., X.J., L.Y.) and Department of Cardiology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Institute of Coronary Artery Disease, Fujian Heart Medical Center, Fuzhou, China (E.Y.)
| | - Rengong Zhuo
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Chiral Drugs, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China (T.R., A.M., R.Z., H.Z., L.P., X.J., L.Y.) and Department of Cardiology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Institute of Coronary Artery Disease, Fujian Heart Medical Center, Fuzhou, China (E.Y.)
| | - Huaying Zhang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Chiral Drugs, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China (T.R., A.M., R.Z., H.Z., L.P., X.J., L.Y.) and Department of Cardiology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Institute of Coronary Artery Disease, Fujian Heart Medical Center, Fuzhou, China (E.Y.)
| | - Lu Peng
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Chiral Drugs, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China (T.R., A.M., R.Z., H.Z., L.P., X.J., L.Y.) and Department of Cardiology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Institute of Coronary Artery Disease, Fujian Heart Medical Center, Fuzhou, China (E.Y.)
| | - Xin Jin
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Chiral Drugs, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China (T.R., A.M., R.Z., H.Z., L.P., X.J., L.Y.) and Department of Cardiology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Institute of Coronary Artery Disease, Fujian Heart Medical Center, Fuzhou, China (E.Y.)
| | - Enhui Yao
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Chiral Drugs, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China (T.R., A.M., R.Z., H.Z., L.P., X.J., L.Y.) and Department of Cardiology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Institute of Coronary Artery Disease, Fujian Heart Medical Center, Fuzhou, China (E.Y.)
| | - Lichao Yang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Chiral Drugs, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China (T.R., A.M., R.Z., H.Z., L.P., X.J., L.Y.) and Department of Cardiology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Institute of Coronary Artery Disease, Fujian Heart Medical Center, Fuzhou, China (E.Y.)
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504
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Beneficial Effects of a Low-dose of Conjugated Linoleic Acid on Body Weight Gain and other Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Cafeteria Diet-fed Rats. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12020408. [PMID: 32033223 PMCID: PMC7071287 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a dietary supplement that has been shown to improve obesity. However, some authors have associated high doses of CLA supplementation with liver impairment and insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to assess whether the consumption of low doses of CLA maintained the beneficial effects on the main metabolic disturbances associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS) but prevented the occurrence of non-desirable outcomes associated with its consumption. Male Wistar rats, fed standard or cafeteria (CAF) diet for 12 weeks, were supplemented with three different low doses of CLA in the last three weeks. Both biochemical and H1 NMR-based metabolomics profiles were analysed in serum and liver. The consumption of 100 mg/kg CLA, but not doses of 200 and 300 mg/kg, ameliorated the increase in body weight gain as well as the serum concentrations of glucose, insulin, cholesterol, triglyceride, diglyceride, and total phospholipid induced by a CAF diet. In turn, CLA reverted the increase in lactate, alanine, and glucose concentrations in the liver of these animals, but enhanced hepatic cholesterol accumulation without any detrimental effect on liver function. In conclusion, a low dose of CLA corrected the adverse effects associated with MetS without compromising other metabolic parameters.
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505
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Ding J, Liu C, Luo S, Zhang Y, Gao X, Wu X, Shen W, Zhu J. Transcriptome and physiology analysis identify key metabolic changes in the liver of the large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) in response to acute hypoxia. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 189:109957. [PMID: 31759744 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) is one of the most important marine economic fish in the southeast coast of China. However, hypoxia stress become a major obstacle to the benign development of L. crocea industry. To understand the energy metabolism mechanism adapted to hypoxia, we analyzed the transcriptome and physiology of L. crocea liver in response to hypoxia stress for different durations. We obtained 243,756,080 clean reads, of which 83.38% were successfully mapped to the reference genome of L. crocea. The heat map analysis showed that genes encoding enzymes involved in glycolysis/gluconeogenesis were significantly upregulated at various time points. Moreover, genes encoding enzymes related to the citrate cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, and amino acid metabolism were significantly downregulated at 6 and 24 h, but upregulated at 48 and 96 h. The change of liver in physiology processes, including respiratory metabolism, and activities of the carbohydrate metabolism enzymes showed a similar trend. The results revealed that the respiratory metabolism of L. crocea was mainly anaerobic within 24 h of hypoxia stress, and aerobic metabolism was dominant after 24 h. Carbohydrate metabolism plays a crucial role in energy supply and amino acid metabolism is an important supporting character to cope with acute hypoxia stress. There was no significant change in lipid utilization under short-term acute stress. This study increases our understanding of the energy metabolism mechanism of the hypoxia response in fish and provides a useful resource for L. crocea genetics and breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ding
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, College of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China; State Key Laboratory of Large Yellow Croaker Breeding, Ningbo Academy of Oceanology and Fishery, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315012, China
| | - Cheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, College of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China; State Key Laboratory of Large Yellow Croaker Breeding, Ningbo Academy of Oceanology and Fishery, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315012, China
| | - Shengyu Luo
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, College of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China
| | - Yibo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, College of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China; State Key Laboratory of Large Yellow Croaker Breeding, Ningbo Academy of Oceanology and Fishery, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315012, China
| | - Xinming Gao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, College of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China
| | - Xiongfei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Large Yellow Croaker Breeding, Ningbo Academy of Oceanology and Fishery, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315012, China
| | - Weiliang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Large Yellow Croaker Breeding, Ningbo Academy of Oceanology and Fishery, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315012, China.
| | - Junquan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, College of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China.
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506
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Sun M, Wu T, Zhang G, Liu R, Sui W, Zhang M, Geng J, Yin J, Zhang M. Lactobacillus rhamnosusLRa05 improves lipid accumulation in mice fed with a high fat dietviaregulating the intestinal microbiota, reducing glucose content and promoting liver carbohydrate metabolism. Food Funct 2020; 11:9514-9525. [DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01720e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
LRa05 resists obesityviaamelioratingStreptococcuslevel and glucose metabolism, moreover, the positive correlation betweenIntestinimonasand palmitoyl ethanolamide and the negative correlation betweenEnterorhabdusand vitamin B2 are first found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengzhen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety
- Tianjin University of Science & Technology
- Tianjin 300457
- China
| | - Tao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety
- Tianjin University of Science & Technology
- Tianjin 300457
- China
- Engineering Research Center of Food Biotechnology
| | - Guohua Zhang
- School of Life Science
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan 030006
- China
| | - Rui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety
- Tianjin University of Science & Technology
- Tianjin 300457
- China
| | - Wenjie Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety
- Tianjin University of Science & Technology
- Tianjin 300457
- China
| | - Maomao Zhang
- Tianjin Taigu Biotechnology Co. LTD
- Tianjin 300350
- China
| | - Jieting Geng
- Department of Food Science and Technology
- Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology
- Tokyo 108-8477
- Japan
| | - Jinjin Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety
- Tianjin University of Science & Technology
- Tianjin 300457
- China
| | - Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety
- Tianjin University of Science & Technology
- Tianjin 300457
- China
- Engineering Research Center of Food Biotechnology
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507
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Wang H, Cao Y, Shu L, Zhu Y, Peng Q, Ran L, Wu J, Luo Y, Zuo G, Luo J, Zhou L, Shi Q, Weng Y, Huang A, He TC, Fan J. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) H19 induces hepatic steatosis through activating MLXIPL and mTORC1 networks in hepatocytes. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:1399-1412. [PMID: 31809000 PMCID: PMC6991647 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver plays an essential role in regulating lipid metabolism, and chronically disturbed hepatic metabolism may cause obesity and metabolic syndrome, which may lead to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Increasing evidence indicates long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an important role in energy metabolism. Here, we investigated the role of lncRNA H19 in hepatic lipid metabolism and its potential association with NAFLD. We found that H19 was up-regulated in oleic acid-induced steatosis and during the development of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced NAFLD. Exogenous overexpression of H19 in hepatocytes induced lipid accumulation and up-regulated the expression of numerous genes involved in lipid synthesis, storage and breakdown, while silencing endogenous H19 led to a decreased lipid accumulation in hepatocytes. Mechanistically, H19 was shown to promote hepatic steatosis by up-regulating lipogenic transcription factor MLXIPL. Silencing Mlxipl diminished H19-induced lipid accumulation in hepatocytes. Furthermore, H19-induced lipid accumulation was effectively inhibited by PI3K/mTOR inhibitor PF-04691502. Accordingly, H19 overexpression in hepatocytes up-regulated most components of the mTORC1 signalling axis, which were inhibited by silencing endogenous H19. In vivo hepatocyte implantation studies further confirm that H19 promoted hepatic steatosis by up-regulating both mTORC1 signalling axis and MLXIPL transcriptional network. Collectively, these findings strongly suggest that H19 may play an important role in regulating hepatic lipid metabolism and may serve as a potential therapeutic target for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Youde Cao
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liqing Shu
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qi Peng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Longke Ran
- Department of Bioinformatics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinghong Wu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yetao Luo
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guowei Zuo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinyong Luo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lan Zhou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiong Shi
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yaguang Weng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ailong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases of The Ministry of Education of China, Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tong-Chuan He
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jiaming Fan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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508
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Kyohara M, Shirakawa J, Okuyama T, Togashi Y, Inoue R, Li J, Miyashita D, Terauchi Y. Soluble EGFR, a hepatokine, and adipsin, an adipokine, are biomarkers correlated with distinct aspects of insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes subjects. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2020; 12:83. [PMID: 33005239 PMCID: PMC7526230 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-020-00591-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin resistance can occur in all metabolic organs including the liver, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscles. Circulating soluble epidermal growth factor receptor (soluble EGFR) and adipsin levels are altered in obese diabetic mice and are possibly correlated with insulin resistance in both mice and humans. Here, we investigated the significance of soluble EGFR and adipsin as biomarkers for insulin resistance in Japanese subjects with type 2 diabetes. METHODS We measured the soluble EGFR and adipsin levels in sera from 47 non-diabetic subjects and 106 subjects with type 2 diabetes using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) and analyzed the correlations between the soluble EGFR or adipsin levels and metabolic parameters in type 2 diabetes subjects. We also measured the gene expression levels of Egfr and Cfd (adipsin) in the liver, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle in mice with/without obesity or diabetes. RESULTS The soluble EGFR levels were correlated with the fasting blood glucose level (P = 0.010), HOMA-IR (P = 0.035), HbA1c level (P = 0.007), HDL-cholesterol level (P = 0.044), and FIB-4 index (P = 0.017) after adjustments for age, sex, and total cholesterol levels. These factors are known to be related to hepatic insulin resistance. The serum adipsin levels were correlated with BMI (P < 0.001), waist circumference (P < 0.001), fasting serum insulin level (P = 0.001), HOMA-IR (P = 0.009), CPR-index (P = 0.045), and FIB-4 index (P = 0.007) after adjustments for age, sex and eGFR levels. Abdominal adiposity leads to the potentiation of these factors. The expression of Egfr was abundant in the liver, while Cfd was predominantly expressed in adipose tissue in mice. CONCLUSIONS Soluble EGFR, a hepatokine, is correlated with insulin resistance in the liver, while adipsin, an adipokine, is associated with adipose insulin resistance.Trial registration: UMIN Clinical Trials Registry (www.umin.ac.jp), UMIN000020474. Registered 8 January 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayu Kyohara
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama-City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Yokohama, 236-0004 Japan
| | - Jun Shirakawa
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama-City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Yokohama, 236-0004 Japan
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation (IMCR), Gunma University, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi, 371-8512 Japan
| | - Tomoko Okuyama
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama-City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Yokohama, 236-0004 Japan
| | - Yu Togashi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama-City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Yokohama, 236-0004 Japan
| | - Ryota Inoue
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama-City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Yokohama, 236-0004 Japan
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation (IMCR), Gunma University, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi, 371-8512 Japan
| | - Jinghe Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama-City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Yokohama, 236-0004 Japan
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation (IMCR), Gunma University, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi, 371-8512 Japan
| | - Daisuke Miyashita
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama-City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Yokohama, 236-0004 Japan
| | - Yasuo Terauchi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama-City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Yokohama, 236-0004 Japan
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509
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Li Y, Wang X, Yang B, Wang H, Ma Z, Lu Z, Lu X, Gao B. 3 β-Hydroxysteroid- Δ24 Reductase (DHCR24) Protects Pancreatic β Cells from Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Induced Apoptosis by Scavenging Excessive Intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species. J Diabetes Res 2020; 2020:3426902. [PMID: 32724824 PMCID: PMC7382746 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3426902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
There is accumulating evidence showing that apoptosis induced by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress plays a key role in pancreatic β cell dysfunction and insulin resistance. 3β-Hydroxysteroid-Δ24 Reductase (DHCR24) is a multifunctional enzyme located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which has been previously shown to protect neuronal cells from ER stress-induced apoptosis. However, the role of DHCR24 in type 2 diabetes is only incompletely understood so far. In the present study, we induced ER stress by tunicamycin (TM) treatment and showed that infection of MIN6 cells with Ad-DHCR24-myc rendered these cells resistant to caspase-3-mediated apoptosis induced by TM, while cells transfected with siRNAs targeting DHCR24 were more sensitive to TM. Western blot analysis showed that TM treatment induced upregulation of Bip protein levels in both cells infected with Ad-LacZ (the control group) and Ad-DHCR24-myc, indicating substantial ER stress. Cells infected with Ad-LacZ exhibited a rapid and strong activation of ATF6 and p38, peaking at 3 h after TM exposure. Conversely, cells infected with Ad-DHCR24-myc showed a higher and more sustained activation of ATF6 and Bip than control cells. DHCR24 overexpression also inhibited the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by ER stress and protected cells from apoptosis caused by treatment with both cholesterol and hydrogen peroxide. In summary, these data demonstrate, for the first time, that DHCR24 protects pancreatic β cells from apoptosis induced by ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Science School, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Xude Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Science School, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Baoyu Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Science School, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Haozhen Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Science School, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Zhenzhong Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Science School, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Ziyin Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Science School, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Xiuli Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Science School, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Bing Gao
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang 110034, China
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510
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Rahmani B, Gandhi J, Joshi G, Smith NL, Reid I, Khan SA. The Role of Diabetes Mellitus in Diseases of the Gallbladder and Biliary Tract. Curr Diabetes Rev 2020; 16:931-948. [PMID: 32133965 DOI: 10.2174/1573399816666200305094727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus worldwide continues to pose a heavy burden. Though its gastrointestinal impact is appropriately recognized, the lesser known associations may be overlooked. OBJECTIVE We aim to review the negative implications of diabetes on the gallbladder and the biliary tract. METHODS A MEDLINE® database search of literature was conducted with emphasis on the previous five years, combining keywords such as "diabetes," "gallbladder," and "biliary". RESULTS The association of diabetes to the formation of gallstones, gallbladder cancer, and cancer of the biliary tract are discussed along with diagnosis and treatment. CONCLUSION Though we uncover the role of diabetic neuropathy in gallbladder and biliary complications, the specific individual diabetic risk factors behind these developments is unclear. Also, in addition to diabetes control and surgical gallbladder management, the treatment approach also requires further focus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Rahmani
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook,
NY, USA
| | - Jason Gandhi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook,
NY, USA
- Medical Student Research Institute, St. George’s University School of Medicine, Grenada, West Indies
| | - Gunjan Joshi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Stony Brook Southampton Hospital, Southampton, NY, USA
| | | | - Inefta Reid
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook,
NY, USA
| | - Sardar Ali Khan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook,
NY, USA
- Department of Urology, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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511
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Okosun IS, Okosun B, Lyn R, Airhihenbuwa C. Surrogate indexes of insulin resistance and risk of metabolic syndrome in non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black and Mexican American. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2020; 14:3-9. [PMID: 31805471 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2019.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM To compare the strength of associations between surrogate indexes of insulin resistance (sIR) and risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in non-Hispanic White (NHW), non-Hispanic Black (NHB) and Mexican American (MA) adults. METHODS The 2013-2016 US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data (n = 3435) were used for this study. The associations between sIR that includes Triglyceride/HDL cholesterol ratio (TG/HDL-C), triglyceride glucose (TG) index, visceral adiposity index (VAI), lipid accumulation product (LAP), TG-body mass index (TG-BMI), and TG-waist circumference (TG-WC) and risk for MetS were determined using the prevalence odds ratio (OR) from the logistic regression analyses. Pseudo-R-squared tests were used to estimate the proportion of variance in MetS accounted for by each sIR. Akaike Information Criterion and Bayesian Information Criterion from the multinomial logistic regression analysis were used to compare models that included each sIR and its components separately as predictors of MetS. Areas under curves (AUC) from the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) were used to detect their diagnostic capabilities. RESULTS Compared with other sIR, TG-WC (AUC = 0.899; 95% CI: 0.884-0.913 in NHW) and (AUC = 0.893; 95% CI:0.871-0.915 in NHB), and LAP (AUC = 877; 95% CI: 0.861-0.894 in MA) exhibited the highest diagnostic and predictive accuracy for MetS. Compared with other sIR, TG-WC (OR = 22.8; 95% CI:16.6-31.0 in NHW) and (OR = 22.7; 95% CI:13.1-39.3 in NHB), and LAP (OR = 10.6; 95%:6.6-17.0 in MA) were most significantly associated with increased odds of MetS, adjusting for eGFR, age, marital status, CHD, CHF, income, education, physical activity, alcohol use, smoking and use of cholesterol-lowering medication. CONCLUSIONS TG-WC in NHW and NHB, and LAP in MA are more powerful than other proxies of IR in predicting MetS. TG-WC and LAP can serve as adjunctive tools for screening for MetS in NHW, NHB, and MA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ike S Okosun
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Bryan Okosun
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, USA
| | - Rodney Lyn
- Department of Health Policy and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Collins Airhihenbuwa
- Department of Health Policy and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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512
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Therapeutic potential of ginsenosides on diabetes: From hypoglycemic mechanism to clinical trials. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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513
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Castriota F, Rieswijk L, Dahlberg S, La Merrill MA, Steinmaus C, Smith MT, Wang JC. A State-of-the-Science Review of Arsenic's Effects on Glucose Homeostasis in Experimental Models. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2020; 128:16001. [PMID: 31898917 PMCID: PMC7015542 DOI: 10.1289/ehp4517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) has more than doubled since 1980. Poor nutrition, sedentary lifestyle, and obesity are among the primary risk factors. While an estimated 70% of cases are attributed to excess adiposity, there is an increased interest in understanding the contribution of environmental agents to diabetes causation and severity. Arsenic is one of these environmental chemicals, with multiple epidemiology studies supporting its association with T2D. Despite extensive research, the molecular mechanism by which arsenic exerts its diabetogenic effects remains unclear. OBJECTIVES We conducted a literature search focused on arsenite exposure in vivo and in vitro, using relevant end points to elucidate potential mechanisms of oral arsenic exposure and diabetes development. METHODS We explored experimental results for potential mechanisms and elucidated the distinct effects that occur at high vs. low exposure. We also performed network analyses relying on publicly available data, which supported our key findings. RESULTS While several mechanisms may be involved, our findings support that arsenite has effects on whole-body glucose homeostasis, insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, hepatic glucose metabolism, and both adipose and pancreatic β -cell dysfunction. DISCUSSION This review applies state-of-the-science approaches to identify the current knowledge gaps in our understanding of arsenite on diabetes development. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP4517.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicia Castriota
- Superfund Research Program, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Linda Rieswijk
- Superfund Research Program, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Sarah Dahlberg
- Superfund Research Program, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Michele A. La Merrill
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Craig Steinmaus
- Superfund Research Program, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Martyn T. Smith
- Superfund Research Program, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Jen-Chywan Wang
- Superfund Research Program, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences & Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
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514
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Chen Y, Yu D, Wang L, Du S. Identification of E2F8 as a Transcriptional Regulator of Gluconeogenesis in Primary Mouse Hepatocytes. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2019; 84:1529-1536. [PMID: 31870257 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297919120125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The dysregulation of hepatic gluconeogenesis is a major factor in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Hepatic gluconeogenesis is known to be tightly regulated at the transcription/expression level. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of the E2F8 transcription factor in glucose metabolism. Here, we found that hepatic expression levels of E2F8 were increased in db/db and high-fat-diet-induced obese mice. Adenovirus-mediated overexpression of E2F8 in primary mouse hepatocytes upregulated expression of gluconeogenic genes, including those for PGC-1α, PEPCK, and G6Pase, subsequently increasing cellular glucose output. We demonstrated that E2F8 overexpression impairs insulin sensitivity in vitro. Furthermore, knockdown of E2F8 expression increased insulin sensitivity in primary hepatocytes. In summary, these findings indicated that E2F8 is involved in gluconeogenesis and insulin resistance and may represent a new therapeutic target in T2DM prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Chen
- Emergency and Clinical Care Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - D Yu
- Emergency and Clinical Care Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - L Wang
- Emergency and Clinical Care Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - S Du
- Emergency and Clinical Care Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, China.
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515
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Prakoso YA, Kurniasih K, Wijayanti AD, Kristianingrum YP. Treatment of experimentally induced diabetic wound infected with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus using Aloe vera, Apium graveolens, and Sauropus androgynus extracts in rats. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ONE HEALTH 2019. [DOI: 10.14202/ijoh.2019.99-106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: One of the complications of diabetes mellitus is diabetic ulcer. Diabetic ulcer is commonly infected by infectious agents, especially methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). This study aimed to evaluate the potential effects of alcoholic extracts of Aloe vera, Apium graveolens, and Sauropus androgynus on promoting wound healing in a diabetic wound infected with MRSA.
Materials and Methods: A total of 60 male Sprague-Dawley rats (6 months old, weighing 250-300 g) were injected with 65 mg/kg body weight of streptozotocin to induce diabetes. On day 7, the backs of the rats were shaved, and two circular wounds (4 mm in diameter) were created on their back, which were infected with MRSA. The rats were divided into six groups: Group I = control, Group II = treated with cream base without extract, Group III = treated with 2% A. vera cream, Group IV = treated with 2% A. graveolens cream, Group V = treated with 2% S. androgynus cream, and Group VI = treated with 2% A. vera + 2% A. graveolens + 2% S. androgynus cream. The wounds were treated twice a day for 14 days. The data were collected on days 7 and 14.
Results: The results showed that all three herbal extracts and their combination decreased wound area and percentage of the wound, increased tensile strength of skin, collagen deposition, vascular endothelial growth factor expression, and skin thickness, and depressed the C-reactive protein profile and cyclooxygenase-2 expression.
Conclusion: A. vera, A. graveolens, and S. androgynus creams can be used as herbal therapies against diabetic wounds infected with MRSA, both as a single and combination treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yos Adi Prakoso
- Doctoral Program in Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wijaya Kusuma Surabaya, East Java 60225, Indonesia
| | - Kurniasih Kurniasih
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Agustina Dwi Wijayanti
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
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516
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Mafra FFP, Macedo MM, Lopes AV, do Nascimento Orphão J, Teixeira CDB, Gattai PP, Boim MA, Torres da Silva R, do Nascimento FD, Bjordal JM, Lopes-Martins RÁB. 904 nm Low-Level Laser Irradiation Decreases Expression of Catabolism-Related Genes in White Adipose Tissue of Wistar Rats: Possible Roles of Laser on Metabolism. PHOTOBIOMODULATION PHOTOMEDICINE AND LASER SURGERY 2019; 38:11-18. [PMID: 31846390 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2018.4609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Background: Adipose tissue is the main energy storage tissue in the body. Its catabolic and anabolic responses depend on several factors, such as nutritional status, metabolic profile, and hormonal signaling. There are few studies addressing the effects of laser photobiomodulation (PBM) on adipose tissue and results are controversial. Objective: Our purpose was to investigate the metabolic effects of PBM on adipose tissue from Wistar rats supplemented or not with caffeine. Materials and methods: Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control (CTL), laser-treated [CTL (L)], caffeine (CAF), and caffeine+PBM [CAF (L)]. Blood was extracted for quantification of triglyceride and cholesterol levels and white adipose tissues were collected for analysis. We evaluated gene expression in the adipose tissue for the leptin receptor, lipase-sensitive hormone, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and beta adrenergic receptor. Results: We demonstrated that the low-level laser irradiation was able to increase the feed intake of the animals and the relative mass of the adipose tissue in the CTL (L) group compared with CTL. Laser treatment also increases serum triglycerides [CTL = 46.99 ± 5.87; CTL (L) = 57.46 ± 14.38; CAF = 43.98 ± 5.17; and CAF (L) = 56.9 ± 6.12; p = 0.007] and total cholesterol (CTL = 70.62 ± 6.80; CTL (L) = 79.41 ± 13.07; CAF = 71.01 ± 5.52; and CAF (L) = 79.23 ± 6.881; p = 0.003). Conclusions: Laser PBM decreased gene expression of the studied genes in the adipose tissue, indicating that PBM is able to block the catabolic responses of this tissue. Interestingly, the CAF (L) and CAF animals presented the same CLT (L) phenotype, however, without increasing the feed intake and the relative weight of the adipose tissue. The description of these phenomena opens a new perspective for the study of the action of low-level laser in adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando F P Mafra
- Technology Research Center, University of Mogi das Cruzes, Mogi das Cruzes, Brazil
| | - Michel M Macedo
- Technology Research Center, University of Mogi das Cruzes, Mogi das Cruzes, Brazil
| | - Arthur Vecchi Lopes
- Technology Research Center, University of Mogi das Cruzes, Mogi das Cruzes, Brazil
| | | | | | - Pedro P Gattai
- Renal Division, Molecular Biology Laboratory, Medicine Department, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mirian A Boim
- Renal Division, Molecular Biology Laboratory, Medicine Department, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Jan Magnus Bjordal
- Physiotherapy Research Group, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Rodrigo Álvaro Brandão Lopes-Martins
- Laboratory of Biophotonics and Experimental Therapeutics, Institute of Research and Development, University of Vale do Paraíba-UNIVAP, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil.,Post-Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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517
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Chen Y, Wang Y, Yang S, Yu M, Jiang T, Lv Z. Glycosaminoglycan from Apostichopus japonicus Improves Glucose Metabolism in the Liver of Insulin Resistant Mice. Mar Drugs 2019; 18:md18010001. [PMID: 31861309 PMCID: PMC7024160 DOI: 10.3390/md18010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Holothurian glycosaminoglycan isolated from Apostichopus japonicus (named AHG) can suppress hepatic glucose production in insulin resistant hepatocytes, but its effects on glucose metabolism in vivo are unknown. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of AHG on hyperglycemia in the liver of insulin resistant mice induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks. The results demonstrated that AHG supplementation apparently reduced body weight, blood glucose level, and serum insulin content in a dose-dependent manner in HFD-fed mice. The protein levels and gene expression of gluconeogenesis rate-limiting enzymes G6Pase and PEPCK were remarkedly suppressed in the insulin resistant liver. In addition, although the total expression of IRS1, Akt, and AMPK in the insulin resistant liver was not affected by AHG supplementation, the phosphorylation of IRS1, Akt, and AMPK were clearly elevated by AHG treatment. These results suggest that AHG could be a promising natural marine product for the development of an antihyperglycemic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunmei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Glycoscience & Glycotechnology of Shandong Province, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (Y.C.); (Y.W.); (S.Y.); (T.J.)
| | - Yuanhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Glycoscience & Glycotechnology of Shandong Province, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (Y.C.); (Y.W.); (S.Y.); (T.J.)
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Shuang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Glycoscience & Glycotechnology of Shandong Province, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (Y.C.); (Y.W.); (S.Y.); (T.J.)
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Mingming Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Glycoscience & Glycotechnology of Shandong Province, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (Y.C.); (Y.W.); (S.Y.); (T.J.)
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Tingfu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Glycoscience & Glycotechnology of Shandong Province, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (Y.C.); (Y.W.); (S.Y.); (T.J.)
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Zhihua Lv
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Glycoscience & Glycotechnology of Shandong Province, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (Y.C.); (Y.W.); (S.Y.); (T.J.)
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266003, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-532-8203-2064
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518
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Multi-omics analysis of multiple missions to space reveal a theme of lipid dysregulation in mouse liver. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19195. [PMID: 31844325 PMCID: PMC6915713 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55869-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Spaceflight has several detrimental effects on the physiology of astronauts, many of which are recapitulated in rodent models. Mouse studies performed on the Space Shuttle showed disruption of lipid metabolism in liver. However, given that these animals were not sacrificed on-orbit and instead returned live to earth, it is unclear if these disruptions were solely induced by space stressors (e.g. microgravity, space radiation) or in part explained by the stress of return to Earth. In this work we analyzed three liver datasets from two different strains of mice (C57BL/6 (Jackson) & BALB/c (Taconic)) flown aboard the International Space Station (ISS). Notably, these animals were sacrificed on-orbit and exposed to varying spaceflight durations (i.e. 21, 37, and 42 days vs 13 days for the Shuttle mice). Oil Red O (ORO) staining showed abnormal lipid accumulation in all space-flown mice compared to ground controls regardless of strain or exposure duration. Similarly, transcriptomic analysis by RNA-sequencing revealed several pathways that were affected in both strains related to increased lipid metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, lipid and fatty acid processing, lipid catabolic processing, and lipid localization. In addition, key upstream regulators were predicted to be commonly regulated across all conditions including Glucagon (GCG) and Insulin (INS). Moreover, quantitative proteomic analysis showed that a number of lipid related proteins were changed in the livers during spaceflight. Taken together, these data indicate that activation of lipotoxic pathways are the result of space stressors alone and this activation occurs in various genetic backgrounds during spaceflight exposures of weeks to months. If similar responses occur in humans, a prolonged change of these pathways may result in the development of liver disease and should be investigated further.
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519
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Morikawa T, Nagatomo A, Oka T, Miki Y, Taira N, Shibano-Kitahara M, Hori Y, Muraoka O, Ninomiya K. Glucose Tolerance-Improving Activity of Helichrysoside in Mice and Its Structural Requirements for Promoting Glucose and Lipid Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246322. [PMID: 31847420 PMCID: PMC6941121 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
An acylated flavonol glycoside, helichrysoside, at a dose of 10 mg/kg/day per os for 14 days, improved the glucose tolerance in mice without affecting the food intake, visceral fat weight, liver weight, and other plasma parameters. In this study, using hepatoblastoma-derived HepG2 cells, helichrysoside, trans-tiliroside, and kaempferol 3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside enhanced glucose consumption from the medium, but their aglycones and p-coumaric acid did not show this activity. In addition, several acylated flavonol glycosides were synthesized to clarify the structural requirements for lipid metabolism using HepG2 cells. The results showed that helichrysoside and related analogs significantly inhibited triglyceride (TG) accumulation in these cells. The inhibition by helichrysoside was more potent than that by other acylated flavonol glycosides, related flavonol glycosides, and organic acids. As for the TG metabolism-promoting activity in high glucose-pretreated HepG2 cells, helichrysoside, related analogs, and their aglycones were found to significantly reduce the TG contents in HepG2 cells. However, the desacyl flavonol glycosides and organic acids derived from the acyl groups did not exhibit an inhibitory impact on the TG contents in HepG2 cells. These results suggest that the existence of the acyl moiety at the 6′′ position in the D-glucopyranosyl part is essential for glucose and lipid metabolism-promoting activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Morikawa
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan; (A.N.); (T.O.); (Y.M.); (N.T.); (M.S.-K.); (Y.H.); (O.M.); (K.N.)
- Antiaging Center, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-6-4307-4306; Fax: +81-6-6729-3577
| | - Akifumi Nagatomo
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan; (A.N.); (T.O.); (Y.M.); (N.T.); (M.S.-K.); (Y.H.); (O.M.); (K.N.)
| | - Takahiro Oka
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan; (A.N.); (T.O.); (Y.M.); (N.T.); (M.S.-K.); (Y.H.); (O.M.); (K.N.)
| | - Yoshinobu Miki
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan; (A.N.); (T.O.); (Y.M.); (N.T.); (M.S.-K.); (Y.H.); (O.M.); (K.N.)
| | - Norihisa Taira
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan; (A.N.); (T.O.); (Y.M.); (N.T.); (M.S.-K.); (Y.H.); (O.M.); (K.N.)
| | - Megumi Shibano-Kitahara
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan; (A.N.); (T.O.); (Y.M.); (N.T.); (M.S.-K.); (Y.H.); (O.M.); (K.N.)
| | - Yuichiro Hori
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan; (A.N.); (T.O.); (Y.M.); (N.T.); (M.S.-K.); (Y.H.); (O.M.); (K.N.)
| | - Osamu Muraoka
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan; (A.N.); (T.O.); (Y.M.); (N.T.); (M.S.-K.); (Y.H.); (O.M.); (K.N.)
- Antiaging Center, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Kiyofumi Ninomiya
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan; (A.N.); (T.O.); (Y.M.); (N.T.); (M.S.-K.); (Y.H.); (O.M.); (K.N.)
- Antiaging Center, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
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English A, Irwin N. Nonclassical Islet Peptides: Pancreatic and Extrapancreatic Actions. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND DIABETES 2019; 12:1179551419888871. [PMID: 32425629 PMCID: PMC7216561 DOI: 10.1177/1179551419888871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The pancreas has physiologically important endocrine and exocrine functions; secreting enzymes into the small intestine to aid digestion and releasing multiple peptide hormones via the islets of Langerhans to regulate glucose metabolism, respectively. Insulin and glucagon, in combination with ghrelin, pancreatic polypeptide and somatostatin, are the main classical islet peptides critical for the maintenance of blood glucose. However, pancreatic islets also synthesis numerous ‘nonclassical’ peptides that have recently been demonstrated to exert fundamental effects on overall islet function and metabolism. As such, insights into the physiological relevance of these nonclassical peptides have shown impact on glucose metabolism, insulin action, cell survival, weight loss, and energy expenditure. This review will focus on the role of individual nonclassical islet peptides to stimulate pancreatic islet secretions as well as regulate metabolism. In addition, the more recognised actions of these peptides on satiety and energy regulation will also be considered. Furthermore, recent advances in the field of peptide therapeutics and obesity-diabetes have focused on the benefits of simultaneously targeting several hormone receptor signalling cascades. The potential for nonclassical islet hormones within such combinational approaches will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew English
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Nigel Irwin
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
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Peng Q, Chen B, Wang H, Zhu Y, Wu J, Luo Y, Zuo G, Luo J, Zhou L, Shi Q, Weng Y, Huang A, He TC, Fan J. Bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) alleviates hepatic steatosis by increasing hepatic lipid turnover and inhibiting the mTORC1 signaling axis in hepatocytes. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:11520-11540. [PMID: 31831718 PMCID: PMC6932923 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Liver has numerous critical metabolic functions including lipid metabolism, which is usually dysregulated in obesity, the metabolic syndrome, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Increasing evidence indicates bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) play an important role in adipogenesis and thermogenic balance in adipogenic progenitors and adipose tissue. However, the direct impact of BMPs on hepatic steatosis and possible association with NAFLD are poorly understood. Here, we found that BMP4 was up-regulated in oleic acid-induced steatosis and during the development of high fat diet (HFD)-induced NAFLD. Exogenous BMP4 reduced lipid accumulation and up-regulated the genes involved in lipid synthesis, storage and breakdown in hepatocytes. Exogenous BMP4 inhibited hepatic steatosis, reduced serum triglyceride levels and body weight, and alleviated progression of NAFLD in vivo. Mechanistically, BMP4 overexpression in hepatocytes down-regulated most components of the mTORC1 signaling axis. Collectively, these findings strongly suggest that BMP4 may play an essential role in regulating hepatic lipid metabolism and the molecular pathogenesis of NAFLD. Manipulating BMP4 and/or mTORC1 signaling axis may lead to the development of novel therapeutics for obesity, metabolic syndrome, and NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Peng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Ying Zhu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jinghong Wu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yetao Luo
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Guowei Zuo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jinyong Luo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Lan Zhou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Qiong Shi
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yaguang Weng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ailong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases of The Ministry of Education of China, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tong-Chuan He
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jiaming Fan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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Inaba Y, Hashiuchi E, Watanabe H, Kimura K, Sato M, Kobayashi M, Matsumoto M, Kitamura T, Kasuga M, Inoue H. Hepatic Gluconeogenic Response to Single and Long-Term SGLT2 Inhibition in Lean/Obese Male Hepatic G6pc-Reporter Mice. Endocrinology 2019; 160:2811-2824. [PMID: 31517956 DOI: 10.1210/en.2019-00422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) consistently reduces blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus but increases hepatic gluconeogenic gene expression and glucose production, offsetting its glucose-lowering effect. This study aimed to elucidate the effect of SGLT2i on hepatic gluconeogenic response and its mechanism in both insulin-sensitive and insulin-resistant states. A hepatic mouse model was generated to show liver-specific expression of Gaussia luciferase (GLuc) driven by the gluconeogenic enzyme gene G6pc promoter. Hepatic gluconeogenic response was evaluated by measuring plasma GLuc activity. SGLT2i was given to lean and obese mice in single gavage administration or 4-week dietary administration with controlled feeding every 3 hours. In lean mice, single-dose SGLT2i increased plasma GLuc activity from 2 hours after administration, decreasing blood glucose and plasma insulin from 1 to 2 hours after administration. In obese mice, which had higher plasma GLuc activity than lean ones, SGLT2i did not further increase GLuc activity despite decreased blood glucose and plasma insulin. Hepatic Akt and GSK3β phosphorylation was attenuated by single-dose SGLT2i in lean mice in accordance with the plasma insulin decrease, but not in obese mice. Long-term SGLT2i administration, which increased plasma GLuc activity in lean mice, decreased it in obese mice from 3 weeks after initiation, with increased hepatic Akt and GSK3β phosphorylation. In conclusion, single SGLT2i administration increases hepatic gluconeogenic response in lean insulin-sensitive mice, but not in obese insulin-resistant mice. Long-term SGLT2i administration relieves obesity-induced upregulation of the hepatic gluconeogenic response by restoring impeded hepatic insulin signaling in obese insulin-resistant mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Inaba
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Unit, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Emi Hashiuchi
- Department of Physiology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Watanabe
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Unit, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Kumi Kimura
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Unit, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Makoto Sato
- Mathematical Neuroscience Unit, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Masaki Kobayashi
- Laboratory for Metabolic Signaling, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Michihiro Matsumoto
- Department of Molecular Metabolic Regulation, Diabetes Research Center, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadahiro Kitamura
- Laboratory for Metabolic Signaling, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Masato Kasuga
- The Institute for Adult Diseases, Asahi Life Foundation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Inoue
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Unit, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
- Department of Physiology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
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Satriano L, Lewinska M, Rodrigues PM, Banales JM, Andersen JB. Metabolic rearrangements in primary liver cancers: cause and consequences. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 16:748-766. [PMID: 31666728 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-019-0217-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Primary liver cancer (PLC) is the fourth most frequent cause of cancer-related death. The high mortality rates arise from late diagnosis and the limited accuracy of diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. The liver is a major regulator, orchestrating the clearance of toxins, balancing glucose, lipid and amino acid uptake, managing whole-body metabolism and maintaining metabolic homeostasis. Tumour onset and progression is frequently accompanied by rearrangements of metabolic pathways, leading to dysregulation of metabolism. The limitation of current therapies targeting PLCs, such as hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma, points towards the importance of deciphering this metabolic complexity. In this Review, we discuss the role of metabolic liver disruptions and the implications of these processes in PLCs, emphasizing their clinical relevance and value in early diagnosis and prognosis and as putative therapeutic targets. We also describe system biology approaches able to reconstruct the metabolic complexity of liver diseases. We also discuss whether metabolic rearrangements are a cause or consequence of PLCs, emphasizing the opportunity to clinically exploit the rewired metabolism. In line with this idea, we discuss circulating metabolites as promising biomarkers for PLCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Satriano
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC) Department of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Monika Lewinska
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC) Department of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pedro M Rodrigues
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Donostia University Hospital, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Jesus M Banales
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Donostia University Hospital, San Sebastian, Spain.,National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Jesper B Andersen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC) Department of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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524
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Rajas F, Gautier-Stein A, Mithieux G. Glucose-6 Phosphate, A Central Hub for Liver Carbohydrate Metabolism. Metabolites 2019; 9:metabo9120282. [PMID: 31756997 PMCID: PMC6950410 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9120282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells efficiently adjust their metabolism according to the abundance of nutrients and energy. The ability to switch cellular metabolism between anabolic and catabolic processes is critical for cell growth. Glucose-6 phosphate is the first intermediate of glucose metabolism and plays a central role in the energy metabolism of the liver. It acts as a hub to metabolically connect glycolysis, the pentose phosphate pathway, glycogen synthesis, de novo lipogenesis, and the hexosamine pathway. In this review, we describe the metabolic fate of glucose-6 phosphate in a healthy liver and the metabolic reprogramming occurring in two pathologies characterized by a deregulation of glucose homeostasis, namely type 2 diabetes, which is characterized by fasting hyperglycemia; and glycogen storage disease type I, where patients develop severe hypoglycemia during short fasting periods. In these two conditions, dysfunction of glucose metabolism results in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, which may possibly lead to the development of hepatic tumors. Moreover, we also emphasize the role of the transcription factor carbohydrate response element-binding protein (ChREBP), known to link glucose and lipid metabolisms. In this regard, comparing these two metabolic diseases is a fruitful approach to better understand the key role of glucose-6 phosphate in liver metabolism in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne Rajas
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1213, F-69008 Lyon, France; (A.G.-S.); (G.M.)
- Université de Lyon, F-69008 Lyon, France
- Université Lyon 1, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
- Correspondence:
| | - Amandine Gautier-Stein
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1213, F-69008 Lyon, France; (A.G.-S.); (G.M.)
- Université de Lyon, F-69008 Lyon, France
- Université Lyon 1, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Gilles Mithieux
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1213, F-69008 Lyon, France; (A.G.-S.); (G.M.)
- Université de Lyon, F-69008 Lyon, France
- Université Lyon 1, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
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525
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Jia L, Jiang Y, Li X, Chen Z. Purβ promotes hepatic glucose production by increasing Adcy6 transcription. Mol Metab 2019; 31:85-97. [PMID: 31918924 PMCID: PMC6920194 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Enhanced glucagon signaling and hepatic glucose production (HGP) can account for hyperglycemia in patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms underlying the enhanced HGP in these patients are not fully understood. Here, we identify Purβ as a positive regulator of HGP and study its molecular mechanisms in the regulation of HGP both in vivo and in vitro. Methods Adenovirus-mediated knockdown or overexpression of Purβ was performed in either primary hepatocytes or the livers of db/db mice. Glucose metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and HGP were determined by glucose, insulin, and lactate tolerance tests, respectively. Purβ/ADCY6 protein levels, glucagon signaling (p-CREB/CREB), and insulin signaling (p-Akt/Akt) were measured by immunoblotting. Gene expression was measured by RNA-seq and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Luciferase reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays were used to study the interaction between Purβ and the Adcy6 promoter. Results Purβ was abnormally elevated in obese mice and was also increased under fasting conditions or via the glucagon signaling pathway, which promoted HGP by increasing Adcy6 expression. Liver-specific knockdown of Purβ in db/db mice significantly ameliorated hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance by suppressing the glucagon/ADCY6/cAMP/PKA/CREB signaling pathway. Consistent with this observation, the knockdown of Purβ also inhibited glucose production in isolated primary hepatocytes by inhibiting the glucagon/ADCY6/cAMP/PKA/CREB signaling pathway, whereas the overexpression of Purβ promoted glucose production by activating this signaling pathway. Mechanistically, Purβ directly binds to the promoter of the Adcy6 gene and thereby promotes its transcription. Conclusions Taken together, these results illustrate a new model in which Purβ functions to regulate the glucagon/ADCY6/cAMP/PKA/CREB signaling pathway to help maintain glucose homeostasis. Purβ was identified as a novel positive regulator of hepatic glucose production. Purβ directly binds to the promoter of the Adcy6 gene, inducing its expression and activating the cAMP/PKA/CREB signaling pathway. Liver-specific knockdown of Purβ in db/db mice significantly ameliorates hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance by suppressing the ADCY6/cAMP/PKA/CREB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linna Jia
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, China; HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Yunfeng Jiang
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Xinzhi Li
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Zheng Chen
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China.
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526
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Piccinin E, Arconzo M, Graziano G, Vacca M, Peres C, Bellafante E, Villani G, Moschetta A. Hepatic microRNA Expression by PGC-1α and PGC-1β in the Mouse. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225735. [PMID: 31731670 PMCID: PMC6888418 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The fine-tuning of liver metabolism is essential to maintain the whole-body homeostasis and to prevent the onset of diseases. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivators (PGC-1s) are transcriptional key players of liver metabolism, able to regulate mitochondrial function, gluconeogenesis and lipid metabolism. Their activity is accurately modulated by post-translational modifications. Here, we showed that specific PGC-1s expression can lead to the upregulation of different microRNAs widely implicated in liver physiology and diseases development and progression, thus offering a new layer of complexity in the control of hepatic metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Piccinin
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy or
| | - Maria Arconzo
- INBB, National Institute for Biostuctures and Biosystems, 00136 Rome, Italy; (M.A.); (G.G.); (C.P.)
| | - Giusi Graziano
- INBB, National Institute for Biostuctures and Biosystems, 00136 Rome, Italy; (M.A.); (G.G.); (C.P.)
| | - Michele Vacca
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Box 289, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK;
| | - Claudia Peres
- INBB, National Institute for Biostuctures and Biosystems, 00136 Rome, Italy; (M.A.); (G.G.); (C.P.)
| | - Elena Bellafante
- Fondazione Mario Negri Sud, Santa Maria Imbaro, 66030 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Gaetano Villani
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, “Aldo Moro” University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Antonio Moschetta
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy or
- INBB, National Institute for Biostuctures and Biosystems, 00136 Rome, Italy; (M.A.); (G.G.); (C.P.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +39-080-559-3262
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527
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Wang Y, Kwon H, Su X, Wondisford FE. Glycerol not lactate is the major net carbon source for gluconeogenesis in mice during both short and prolonged fasting. Mol Metab 2019; 31:36-44. [PMID: 31918920 PMCID: PMC6881678 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Fasting results in major metabolic changes including a switch from glycogenolysis to gluconeogenesis to maintain glucose homeostasis. However, the relationship between the length of fasting and the relative contribution of gluconeogenic substrates remains unclear. We investigated the relative contribution of glycogen, lactate, and glycerol in glucose production of male C57BL/6 J-albino mice after 6, 12, and 18 h of fasting. Methods We used non-perturbative infusions of 13C3 lactate, 13C3 glycerol, and 13C6 glucose combined with liquid chromatography mass spectrometry and metabolic flux analysis to study the contribution of substrates in gluconeogenesis (GNG). Results During infusion studies, both lactate and glycerol significantly label about 60% and 30–50% glucose carbon, respectively, but glucose labels much more lactate (∼90%) than glycerol carbon (∼10%). Our analyses indicate that lactate, but not glycerol is largely recycled during all fasting periods such that lactate is the largest direct contributor to GNG via the Cori cycle but a minor source of new glucose carbon (overall contribution). In contrast, glycerol is not only a significant direct contributor to GNG but also the largest overall contributor to GNG regardless of fasting length. Prolonged fasting decreases both the whole body turnover rate of glucose and lactate but increases that of glycerol, indicating that the usage of glycerol in GNG become more significant with longer fasting. Conclusion Collectively, these findings suggest that glycerol is the dominant overall contributor of net glucose carbon in GNG during both short and prolonged fasting. Prolonged fasting significantly decreases the turnover rate of glucose and lactate but increases the glycerol turnover rate in mice. In both short and prolonged fasting, lactate is the largest direct contributor to gluconeogenesis but a minor source of new carbon entry. Glycerol is the second largest direct contributor to gluconeogenesis and the dominant overall carbon contributor during both short and prolonged fasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujue Wang
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Hyokjoon Kwon
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Xiaoyang Su
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA; Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Fredric E Wondisford
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA; Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA.
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528
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Pharmacology of metformin - An update. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 865:172782. [PMID: 31705902 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite being a successful diabetes type 2 drug for more than a half-century in Europe, the mode of action of metformin is still debated. It is the purpose of this review to inform the reader about most recent findings for metformin with respect to its antidiabetic activity as well as proposed benefits beyond glucose control in humans. Clinical evidence now suggests that most of metformin benefits originate from its actions in the gut, involving hormone signaling by glucagon-like peptide 1 and peptide YY. Growth differentiation factor 15, also mainly produced in the gut, was first identified as a biomarker for metformin use but is now suggested to play a significant role in e.g. weight loss of prediabetics. The pharmacokinetics of the drug in humans as basis for pharmacodynamics, resulting in high tissue levels of the intestinal wall, including the colon, proven by biopsies, is presented. A critical survey of metformin actions on mitochondria, increasing the AMP/ATP ratio but also acting as a mild uncoupler, and of postulated new cellular targets (lysosomes) is included.
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529
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Wang Y, Yang J, Hong T, Chen X, Cui L. SIRT2: Controversy and multiple roles in disease and physiology. Ageing Res Rev 2019; 55:100961. [PMID: 31505260 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2019.100961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) is an NAD+-dependent deacetylase that was under studied compared to other sirtuin family members. SIRT2 is the only sirtuin protein which is predominantly found in the cytoplasm but is also found in the mitochondria and in the nucleus. Recently, accumulating evidence has uncovered a growing number of substrates and additional detailed functions of SIRT2 in a wide range of biological processes, marking its crucial role. Here, we give a comprehensive profile of the crucial physiological functions of SIRT2 and its role in neurological diseases, cancers, and other diseases. This review summarizes the functions of SIRT2 in the nervous system, mitosis regulation, genome integrity, cell differentiation, cell homeostasis, aging, infection, inflammation, oxidative stress, and autophagy. SIRT2 inhibition rescues neurodegenerative disease symptoms and hence SIRT2 is a potential therapeutic target for neurodegenerative disease. SIRT2 is undoubtedly dysfunctional in cancers and plays a dual-faced role in different types of cancers, and although its mechanism is unresolved, SIRT2 remains a promising therapeutic target for certain cancers. In future, the continued rapid growth in SIRT2 research will help clarify its role in human health and disease, and promote the progress of this target in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jingqi Yang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Tingting Hong
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xiongjin Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Lili Cui
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.
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Chen L, Chen XW, Huang X, Song BL, Wang Y, Wang Y. Regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism in health and disease. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2019; 62:1420-1458. [PMID: 31686320 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-019-1563-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Glucose and fatty acids are the major sources of energy for human body. Cholesterol, the most abundant sterol in mammals, is a key component of cell membranes although it does not generate ATP. The metabolisms of glucose, fatty acids and cholesterol are often intertwined and regulated. For example, glucose can be converted to fatty acids and cholesterol through de novo lipid biosynthesis pathways. Excessive lipids are secreted in lipoproteins or stored in lipid droplets. The metabolites of glucose and lipids are dynamically transported intercellularly and intracellularly, and then converted to other molecules in specific compartments. The disorders of glucose and lipid metabolism result in severe diseases including cardiovascular disease, diabetes and fatty liver. This review summarizes the major metabolic aspects of glucose and lipid, and their regulations in the context of physiology and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligong Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Xiao-Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
| | - Xun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Bao-Liang Song
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| | - Yan Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| | - Yiguo Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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531
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Italiya KS, Basak M, Mazumdar S, Sahel DK, Shrivastava R, Chitkara D, Mittal A. Scalable Self-Assembling Micellar System for Enhanced Oral Bioavailability and Efficacy of Lisofylline for Treatment of Type-I Diabetes. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:4954-4967. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kishan S. Italiya
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS PILANI), Pilani, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Moumita Basak
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS PILANI), Pilani, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Samrat Mazumdar
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS PILANI), Pilani, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Deepak K. Sahel
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS PILANI), Pilani, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Richa Shrivastava
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS PILANI), Pilani, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Deepak Chitkara
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS PILANI), Pilani, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Anupama Mittal
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS PILANI), Pilani, Rajasthan 333031, India
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532
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Kalemba KM, Wang Y, Xu H, Chiles E, McMillin SM, Kwon H, Su X, Wondisford FE. Glycerol induces G6pc in primary mouse hepatocytes and is the preferred substrate for gluconeogenesis both in vitro and in vivo. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:18017-18028. [PMID: 31645433 PMCID: PMC6885632 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.011033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Gluconeogenesis (GNG) is de novo production of glucose from endogenous carbon sources. Although it is a commonly studied pathway, particularly in disease, there is a lack of consensus about substrate preference. Moreover, primary hepatocytes are the current gold standard for in vitro liver studies, but no direct comparison of substrate preference at physiological fasting concentrations has been performed. We show that mouse primary hepatocytes prefer glycerol to pyruvate/lactate in glucose production assays and 13C isotope tracing studies at the high concentrations commonly used in the literature, as well as at more relevant fasting, physiological concentrations. In addition, when glycerol, pyruvate/lactate, and glutamine are all present, glycerol is responsible for over 75% of all glucose carbons labeled. We also found that glycerol can induce a rate-limiting enzyme of GNG, glucose-6-phosphatase. Lastly, we suggest that glycerol is a better substrate than pyruvate to test in vivo production of glucose in fasting mice. In conclusion, glycerol is the major carbon source for GNG in vitro and in vivo and should be compared with other substrates when studying GNG in the context of metabolic disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna M Kalemba
- Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901
| | - Yujue Wang
- Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901
| | - Huiting Xu
- Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901
| | - Eric Chiles
- Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903
| | - Sara M McMillin
- Fred Wilson School of Pharmacy, High Point University, High Point, North Carolina
| | - Hyokjoon Kwon
- Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901
| | - Xiaoyang Su
- Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901; Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903
| | - Fredric E Wondisford
- Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901; Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903.
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533
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Potential Therapeutic Application of Estrogen in Gender Disparity of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. Cells 2019; 8:cells8101259. [PMID: 31619023 PMCID: PMC6835656 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) caused by fat accumulation in the liver is globally the most common cause of chronic liver disease. Simple steatosis can progress to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a more severe form of NAFLD. The most potent driver for NASH is hepatocyte death induced by lipotoxicity, which triggers inflammation and fibrosis, leading to cirrhosis and/or liver cancer. Despite the significant burden of NAFLD, there is no therapy for NAFLD/NASH. Accumulating evidence indicates gender-related NAFLD progression. A higher incidence of NAFLD is found in men and postmenopausal women than premenopausal women, and the experimental results, showing protective actions of estradiol in liver diseases, suggest that estrogen, as the main female hormone, is associated with the progression of NAFLD/NASH. However, the mechanism explaining the functions of estrogen in NAFLD remains unclear because of the lack of reliable animal models for NASH, the imbalance between the sexes in animal experiments, and subsequent insufficient results. Herein, we reviewed the pathogenesis of NAFLD/NASH focused on gender and proposed a feasible association of estradiol with NAFLD/NASH based on the findings reported thus far. This review would help to expand our knowledge of the gender differences in NAFLD and for developing gender-based treatment strategies for NAFLD/NASH.
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534
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Su Z, Nie Y, Huang X, Zhu Y, Feng B, Tang L, Zheng G. Mitophagy in Hepatic Insulin Resistance: Therapeutic Potential and Concerns. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1193. [PMID: 31649547 PMCID: PMC6795753 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome, characterized by central obesity, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia, increases the morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and other metabolic diseases. It is well known that insulin resistance, especially hepatic insulin resistance, is a risk factor for metabolic syndrome. Current research has shown that hepatic fatty acid accumulation can cause hepatic insulin resistance through increased gluconeogenesis, lipogenesis, chronic inflammation, oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress, and impaired insulin signal pathway. Mitochondria are the major sites of fatty acid β-oxidation, which is the major degradation mechanism of fatty acids. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been shown to be involved in the development of hepatic fatty acid–induced hepatic insulin resistance. Mitochondrial autophagy (mitophagy), a catabolic process, selectively degrades damaged mitochondria to reverse mitochondrial dysfunction and preserve mitochondrial dynamics and function. Therefore, mitophagy can promote mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation to inhibit hepatic fatty acid accumulation and improve hepatic insulin resistance. Here, we review advances in our understanding of the relationship between mitophagy and hepatic insulin resistance. Additionally, we also highlight the potential value of mitophagy in the treatment of hepatic insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuqing Su
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yutong Nie
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiufang Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bing Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lipeng Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangjuan Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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535
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Sustained ER stress promotes hyperglycemia by increasing glucagon action through the deubiquitinating enzyme USP14. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:21732-21738. [PMID: 31594848 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1907288116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress plays an important role in metabolic diseases like obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), although the underlying mechanisms and regulatory pathways remain to be elucidated. Here, we induced chronic low-grade ER stress in lean mice to levels similar to those in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed obese mice and found that it promoted hyperglycemia due to enhanced hepatic gluconeogenesis. Mechanistically, sustained ER stress up-regulated the deubiquitinating enzyme ubiquitin-specific peptidase 14 (USP14), which increased the stability and levels of 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate-responsive element binding (CREB) protein (CBP) to enhance glucagon action and hepatic gluconeogenesis. Exogenous overexpression of USP14 in the liver significantly increased hepatic glucose output. Consistent with this, liver-specific knockdown of USP14 abrogated the effects of ER stress on glucose metabolism, and also improved hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance in obese mice. In conclusion, our findings show a mechanism underlying ER stress-induced disruption of glucose homeostasis, and present USP14 as a potential therapeutic target against T2DM.
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536
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Likitnukul S, Kalandakanond-Thongsong S, Thammacharoen S. Evidence of growth hormone effect on plasma leptin in diet-induced obesity and diet-resistant rats. ASIAN BIOMED 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/abm-2019-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Plasma leptin is regulated by several factors, including growth hormone (GH), which influences the pathophysiology of obesity.
Objective
To demonstrate the short-term effect of GH on plasma leptin levels in 3 conditions in vivo with the different amount of body fat mass.
Methods
Adult male Wistar rats were fed with standard chow or hypercaloric diet (HC). The HC rats were demonstrated as HC-feeding obese (HC-O) and HC-feeding resistant (HC-R) rats. Then, they were treated with GH or saline for 3 days. Basal plasma leptin levels were measured at 24 and 32 h. For meal-induced condition, all rats were fed for 2 hand plasma leptin was measured. Further 16-h fasting period, plasma leptin, insulin, and insulin sensitivity indexes were determined.
Results
The short-term GH treatment decreased basal plasma leptin at 32 h after the first GH injection in HC-O rats. However, GH treatment had no effect on meal-induced plasma leptin in all rats. Furthermore, GH treatment attenuated fasting effect on plasma leptin in control and HC-R rats. The insulin resistance (IR) induced by the short-term GH treatment was demonstrated by higher fasting plasma insulin and the increased homeostasis model of IR in HC-R rats.
Conclusions
The study demonstrates the important role of greater fat mass in HC-O rats, which results in decreased basal plasma leptin after short-term GH treatment. For meal-induced condition, GH had no effect on plasma leptin in all rats. Interestingly, GH could attenuate fasting effect on plasma leptin in rats that have lower fat mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sutharinee Likitnukul
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University , Bangkok 10330 , Thailand
| | | | - Sumpun Thammacharoen
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University , Bangkok 10330 , Thailand
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537
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Zhou P, Santoro A, Peroni OD, Nelson AT, Saghatelian A, Siegel D, Kahn BB. PAHSAs enhance hepatic and systemic insulin sensitivity through direct and indirect mechanisms. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:4138-4150. [PMID: 31449056 PMCID: PMC6763232 DOI: 10.1172/jci127092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Palmitic acid esters of hydroxy stearic acids (PAHSAs) are bioactive lipids with antiinflammatory and antidiabetic effects. PAHSAs reduce ambient glycemia and improve glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in insulin-resistant aged chow- and high-fat diet-fed (HFD-fed) mice. Here, we aimed to determine the mechanisms by which PAHSAs improve insulin sensitivity. Both acute and chronic PAHSA treatment enhanced the action of insulin to suppress endogenous glucose production (EGP) in chow- and HFD-fed mice. Moreover, chronic PAHSA treatment augmented insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in glycolytic muscle and heart in HFD-fed mice. The mechanisms by which PAHSAs enhanced hepatic insulin sensitivity included direct and indirect actions involving intertissue communication between adipose tissue and liver. PAHSAs inhibited lipolysis directly in WAT explants and enhanced the action of insulin to suppress lipolysis during the clamp in vivo. Preventing the reduction of free fatty acids during the clamp with Intralipid infusion reduced PAHSAs' effects on EGP in HFD-fed mice but not in chow-fed mice. Direct hepatic actions of PAHSAs may also be important, as PAHSAs inhibited basal and glucagon-stimulated EGP directly in isolated hepatocytes through a cAMP-dependent pathway involving Gαi protein-coupled receptors. Thus, this study advances our understanding of PAHSA biology and the physiologic mechanisms by which PAHSAs exert beneficial metabolic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhou
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anna Santoro
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Odile D. Peroni
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrew T. Nelson
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Alan Saghatelian
- Clayton Foundation Laboratories for Peptide Biology, Helmsley Center for Genomic Medicine, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Dionicio Siegel
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Barbara B. Kahn
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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538
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A Lowly Digestible-Starch Diet after Weaning Enhances Exogenous Glucose Oxidation Rate in Female, but Not in Male, Mice. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11092242. [PMID: 31540385 PMCID: PMC6770467 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Starches of low digestibility are associated with improved glucose metabolism. We hypothesise that a lowly digestible-starch diet (LDD) versus a highly digestible-starch diet (HDD) improves the capacity to oxidise starch, and that this is sex-dependent. Mice were fed a LDD or a HDD for 3 weeks directly after weaning. Body weight (BW), body composition (BC), and digestible energy intake (dEI) were determined weekly. At the end of the intervention period, whole-body energy expenditure (EE), respiratory exchange ratio (RER), hydrogen production, and the oxidation of an oral 13C-labelled starch bolus were measured by extended indirect calorimetry. Pancreatic amylase activity and total 13C hepatic enrichment were determined in females immediately before and 4 h after administration of the starch bolus. For both sexes, BW, BC, and basal EE and RER were not affected by the type of starch, but dEI and hydrogen production were increased by the LDD. Only in females, total carbohydrate oxidation and starch-derived glucose oxidation in response to the starch bolus were higher in LDD versus HDD mice; this was not accompanied by differences in amylase activity or hepatic partitioning of the 13C label. These results show that starch digestibility impacts glucose metabolism differently in females versus males.
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539
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Zong J, Li S, Wang Y, Mo W, Sun R, Yu M. Bromodomain-containing protein 2 promotes lipolysis via ERK/HSL signalling pathway in white adipose tissue of mice. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2019; 281:105-116. [PMID: 31121164 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2019.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
White adipose tissue (WAT) dysfunction is prevalent among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Uncontrolled free fatty acid (FFA) release from WAT stores has detrimental effects on lipid metabolism, leading to insulin resistance. Bromodomain-containing protein 2 (Brd2) has emerged as a central transcriptional regulator of adipocyte differentiation and pancreatic β-cell bioactivity. A recent study shows that Brd2 overexpression leads to insulin resistance in mice. However, the mechanisms underlying these effects have not been fully elucidated. This study provides the first evidence that adenoviral-mediated Brd2 overexpression in the WAT of mice increases lipolysis-related gene expression in addition to significantly reducing WAT size and promoting plasma FFA release. Brd2 overexpression in adipocytes also inhibits fat synthesis-related gene expression, while activating hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) expression and ERK-dependent perilipin 1 inhibition as well as promoting glycerol release, which are all involved in lipolysis. Collectively, these results indicate that Brd2 triggers insulin resistance via lipolysis-mediated FFA release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuyu Zong
- The Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, The Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shuting Li
- The Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, The Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuxiong Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, The Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wei Mo
- The Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, The Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ruixin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Min Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, The Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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540
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to provide a brief summary of recent advances in our understanding of liver metabolism. The critical role of the liver in controlling whole-body energy homeostasis makes such understanding crucial to efficiently design new treatments for metabolic syndrome diseases, including type 2 diabetes (T2D). RECENT FINDINGS Significant advances have been made regarding our understanding of the direct and indirect effects of insulin on hepatic metabolism and the communication between the liver and other tissues. Moreover, the catabolic functions of glucagon, as well as the importance of hepatic redox status for the regulation of glucose production, are emerging as potential targets to reduce hyperglycemia. A resolution to the long-standing question "insulin suppression of hepatic glucose production, direct or indirect effect?" is starting to emerge. New advances in our understanding of important fasting-induced hepatic metabolic fluxes may help design better therapies for T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kfir Sharabi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Av. LC-6219H, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
| | - Clint D J Tavares
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Av. LC-6219H, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Pere Puigserver
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Av. LC-6219H, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Av. LC-6213, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
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541
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Pieber TR, Svehlikova E, Brunner M, Halberg IB, Due Thomsen KM, Haahr H. Fast-acting insulin aspart in people with type 2 diabetes: Earlier onset and greater initial exposure and glucose-lowering effect compared with insulin aspart. Diabetes Obes Metab 2019; 21:2068-2075. [PMID: 31069935 PMCID: PMC6771872 DOI: 10.1111/dom.13767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic properties of fast-acting insulin aspart (faster aspart) versus insulin aspart (IAsp) in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). MATERIALS AND METHODS In a randomized, double-blind, crossover design, 61 people with T2D usually treated with insulin ± oral antidiabetic drug(s) received single-dose faster aspart and IAsp (0.3 U/kg) on separate visits. Blood samples for pharmacokinetic assessment were collected frequently until 12 hours post-dose. Glucose-lowering effect was determined in a euglycaemic clamp lasting up to 12 hours post-dose (target 5.0 mmol/L). RESULTS The serum IAsp pharmacokinetic profile and glucose-lowering effect profile were shifted to the left for faster aspart versus IAsp. Least squares mean (± SE) onset of appearance was 3.3 ± 0.3 minutes for faster aspart, which was 1.2 minutes earlier than for IAsp (95% confidence interval [CI] -1.8;-0.5; P = .001). Onset of action for faster aspart was 8.9 minutes earlier (95% CI -12.1;-5.7; P < .001) than for IAsp. During the first 30 minutes after dosing, 89% larger IAsp exposure (ratio faster aspart/IAsp 1.89 [95% CI 1.56;2.28]; P < .001) and 147% greater glucose-lowering effect (2.47 [95% CI 1.58;6.22]; P < .001) were observed for faster aspart compared with IAsp. Offset of exposure (time to 50% of maximum IAsp concentration in the late part of the pharmacokinetic profile) occurred earlier for faster aspart (difference faster aspart - IAsp -36.4 minutes [95% CI -55.3;-17.6]; P < .001). The treatment difference of faster aspart - IAsp in offset of glucose-lowering effect (time to 50% of maximum glucose infusion rate in the late part of the glucose infusion rate profile) was -14.4 minutes (95% CI -34.4;5.5; P = .152). CONCLUSIONS In people with T2D, faster aspart was associated with earlier onset and greater initial exposure and glucose-lowering effect compared with IAsp, as previously shown in people with type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R. Pieber
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal MedicineMedical University of GrazGrazAustria
| | - Eva Svehlikova
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal MedicineMedical University of GrazGrazAustria
| | - Martina Brunner
- CF Clinical Research Center, Center for Medical ResearchMedical University of GrazGrazAustria
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542
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Ji X, Wang S, Tang H, Zhang Y, Zhou F, Zhang L, Zhu Q, Zhu K, Liu Q, Liu Y, Wang X, Zhou L. PPP1R3C mediates metformin-inhibited hepatic gluconeogenesis. Metabolism 2019; 98:62-75. [PMID: 31181215 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metformin has been widely used to alleviate hyperglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mainly via suppressing hepatic gluconeogenesis. However, the underlying mechanism remains incompletely clear. Here, we aimed to explore the role of PPP1R3C in metformin-mediated inhibition of hepatic gluconeogenesis. METHODS The differentially expressed genes in primary mouse hepatocytes incubated with 8-Br-cAMP and metformin were analyzed by microarrays. Hepatic glucose production and gluconeogenic gene expressions were detected after adenovirus-mediated overexpression or silence of PPP1R3C in vitro and in vivo. The phosphorylation level and location of transducer of regulated CREB activity 2 (TORC2) were determined by Western blot and immunofluorescence. RESULTS Metformin and adenovirus-mediated activation of AMPK suppressed 8-Br-cAMP-stimulated Ppp1r3c mRNA expression in primary mouse hepatocytes. Overexpression of PPP1R3C in primary mouse hepatocytes or the livers of wild-type mice promoted hepatic glucose production and gluconeogenic gene expressions. On the contrary, adenovirus-mediated knockdown of PPP1R3C in primary mouse hepatocytes decreased hepatic gluconeogenesis, with the suppression of cAMP-stimulated gluconeogenic gene expressions and TORC2 dephosphorylation. Notably, Ppp1r3c expression was increased in the liver of db/db mice. After PPP1R3C silence in the livers of wild-type and db/db mice, blood glucose levels and hepatic glucose production were markedly lowered, with decreased expressions of key gluconeogenic enzymes and transcript factors as well as liver glycogen content. CONCLUSION Metformin-activated AMPK decreases hepatic PPP1R3C expression, leading to the suppression of hepatic gluconeogenesis through blocking cAMP-stimulated TORC2 dephosphorylation. Hepatic specific silence of PPP1R3C provides a promising therapeutic strategy for type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Ji
- Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, PR China
| | - Shushu Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, PR China
| | - Hongju Tang
- Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, PR China; The Department of Geriatrics, The People's of Wenshan Prefecture, Wenshan 663099, PR China
| | - Yuqing Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, PR China
| | - Feiye Zhou
- Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, PR China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, PR China
| | - Qin Zhu
- Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, PR China
| | - Kecheng Zhu
- Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, PR China
| | - Qianqian Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, PR China
| | - Yun Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, PR China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, PR China.
| | - Libin Zhou
- Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, PR China.
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543
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Antioxidant Versus Pro-Apoptotic Effects of Mushroom-Enriched Diets on Mitochondria in Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20163987. [PMID: 31426291 PMCID: PMC6720908 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20163987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play a central role in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) progression and in the control of cell death signalling during the progression to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Associated with the metabolic syndrome, NAFLD is mostly driven by insulin-resistant white adipose tissue lipolysis that results in an increased hepatic fatty acid influx and the ectopic accumulation of fat in the liver. Upregulation of beta-oxidation as one compensatory mechanism leads to an increase in mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid cycle flux and ATP generation. The progression of NAFLD is associated with alterations in the mitochondrial molecular composition and respiratory capacity, which increases their vulnerability to different stressors, including calcium and pro-inflammatory molecules, which result in an increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that, altogether, may ultimately lead to mitochondrial dysfunction. This may activate further pro-inflammatory pathways involved in the progression from steatosis to steatohepatitis (NASH). Mushroom-enriched diets, or the administration of their isolated bioactive compounds, have been shown to display beneficial effects on insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation by regulating nutrient uptake and lipid metabolism as well as modulating the antioxidant activity of the cell. In addition, the gut microbiota has also been described to be modulated by mushroom bioactive molecules, with implications in reducing liver inflammation during NAFLD progression. Dietary mushroom extracts have been reported to have anti-tumorigenic properties and to induce cell-death via the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. This calls for particular attention to the potential therapeutic properties of these natural compounds which may push the development of novel pharmacological options to treat NASH and HCC. We here review the diverse effects of mushroom-enriched diets in liver disease, emphasizing those effects that are dependent on mitochondria.
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544
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Li E, Shan H, Chen L, Long A, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Jia L, Wei F, Han J, Li T, Liu X, Deng H, Wang Y. OLFR734 Mediates Glucose Metabolism as a Receptor of Asprosin. Cell Metab 2019; 30:319-328.e8. [PMID: 31230984 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Asprosin is a fasting-induced hormone that promotes glucose production in the liver and stimulates appetite in the hypothalamus by activating the cAMP signaling pathway via an unknown G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR). However, the bona fide receptor of Asprosin is unclear. Here, we have identified that the olfactory receptor OLFR734 acts as a receptor of Asprosin to modulate hepatic glucose production. Olfr734 knockout mice show a blunted response to Asprosin, including attenuated cAMP levels and hepatic glucose production, and improved insulin sensitivity. As Olfr734 deficiency dramatically attenuates both fasting and high-fat-diet-induced glucose production, our results demonstrate a critical role of OLFR734 as a receptor of Asprosin to maintain glucose homeostasis during fasting and in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwei Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Haili Shan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Liqun Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Aijun Long
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Yang Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Liangjie Jia
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Fangchao Wei
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Jinbo Han
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Tong Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- National Protein Science Technology Center, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Haiteng Deng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Yiguo Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China.
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545
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Li J, Wang T, Xia J, Yao W, Huang F. Enzymatic and nonenzymatic protein acetylations control glycolysis process in liver diseases. FASEB J 2019; 33:11640-11654. [PMID: 31370704 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901175r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Impaired glycolysis has pathologic effects on the occurrence and progression of liver diseases, and it appears that glycolysis is increased to different degrees in different liver diseases. As an important post-translational modification, reversible lysine acetylation regulates almost all cellular processes, including glycolysis. Lysine acetylation can occur enzymatically with acetyltransferases or nonenzymatically with acetyl-coenzyme A. Accompanied by the progression of liver diseases, there seems to be a temporal and spatial variation between enzymatic and nonenzymatic acetylations in the regulation of glycolysis. Here, we summarize the most recent findings on the functions and targets of acetylation in controlling glycolysis in the different stages of liver diseases. In addition, we discuss the differences and causes between enzymatic and nonenzymatic acetylations in regulating glycolysis throughout the progression of liver diseases. Then, we review these new discoveries to provide the potential implications of these findings for therapeutic interventions in liver diseases.-Li, J., Wang, T., Xia, J., Yao, W., Huang, F. Enzymatic and nonenzymatic protein acetylations control glycolysis process in liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tongxin Wang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Xia
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Weilei Yao
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Feiruo Huang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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546
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Spreghini N, Cianfarani S, Spreghini MR, Brufani C, Morino GS, Inzaghi E, Convertino A, Fintini D, Manco M. Oral glucose effectiveness and metabolic risk in obese children and adolescents. Acta Diabetol 2019; 56:955-962. [PMID: 30868315 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-019-01303-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate whether GE is affected in children/adolescents with obesity and abnormalities of the metabolic syndrome (MetS). METHODS Cross-sectional study of oral GE (oGE), insulin sensitivity and secretion (calculated on 5 time-points oral glucose tolerance test) and metabolic abnormalities in 1012 patients with overweight/obesity (aged 6.0-17.9 years old). A MetS risk score was calculated on the basis of distribution of fasting glucose, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, total cholesterol, systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) was suspected based on thresholds of alanine aminotransferases. RESULTS Four-hundred and eighty patients (47.73%) had low-MetS risk score, 488 medium (48.22% with 1-2 risk factors) and 41 (4.05% with ≥ 3 factors) high risk. oGE was significantly lower in subjects with obesity [3.81 (1.46) mg/dl/min- 1] than in those with overweight [4.98 (1.66) mg/dl/min- 1; p value < 0.001]. oGE was negatively correlated with BMI (ρ = - 0.79; p < 0.001) and BMI z score (ρ = - 0.56; p < 0.001) and decreased significantly among MetS risk classes (p = 0.001). The median difference of oGE from low to medium risk was estimated to be as - 4.9%, from medium to high as - 13.38% and from low to high as - 17.62%. oGE was not statistically different between NAFLD+ and NAFLD- cases. CONCLUSIONS In children and adolescents with obesity oGE decreases. Noteworthy, it decreases as the Met score increases. Therefore, reduced oGE may contribute to the higher risk of these individuals to develop type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Spreghini
- Research Unit for Multifactorial Diseases, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Cianfarani
- Dipartimento Pediatrico Universitario Ospedaliero, BambinoGesù Children's Hospital, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Rita Spreghini
- Research Unit for Multifactorial Diseases, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Elena Inzaghi
- Dipartimento Pediatrico Universitario Ospedaliero, BambinoGesù Children's Hospital, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessio Convertino
- Dipartimento Pediatrico Universitario Ospedaliero, BambinoGesù Children's Hospital, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Danilo Fintini
- Dipartimento Pediatrico Universitario Ospedaliero, BambinoGesù Children's Hospital, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Melania Manco
- Research Unit for Multifactorial Diseases, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy.
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547
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Kelly L, Almutairi MM, Kursan S, Pacheco R, Dias-Junior E, Castrop H, Di Fulvio M. Impaired glucose tolerance, glucagon, and insulin responses in mice lacking the loop diuretic-sensitive Nkcc2a transporter. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2019; 317:C843-C856. [PMID: 31365295 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00144.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The Na+K+2Cl- cotransporter-2 (Nkcc2, Slc12a1) is abundantly expressed in the kidney and its inhibition with the loop-diuretics bumetanide and furosemide has been linked to transient or permanent hyperglycemia in mice and humans. Notably, Slc12a1 is expressed at low levels in hypothalamic neurons and in insulin-secreting β-cells of the endocrine pancreas. The present study was designed to determine if global elimination of one of the Slc12a1 products, i.e., Nkcc2 variant a (Nkcc2a), the main splice version of Nkcc2 found in insulin-secreting β-cells, has an impact on the insulin and glucagon secretory responses and fuel homeostasis in vivo. We have used dynamic tests of glucose homeostasis in wild-type mice and mice lacking both alleles of Nkcc2a (Nkcc2aKO) and assessed their islet secretory responses in vitro. Under basal conditions, Nkcc2aKO mice have impaired glucose homeostasis characterized by increased blood glucose, intolerance to the sugar, delayed/blunted in vivo insulin and glucagon responses to glucose, and increased glycemic responses to the gluconeogenic substrate alanine. Further, we provide evidence of conserved quantitative secretory responses of Nkcc2aKO islets within a context of increased islet size related to hyperplastic/hypertrophic glucagon- and insulin-positive cells (α-cells and β-cells, respectively), normal total islet Cl- content, and reduced β-cell expression of the Cl- extruder Kcc2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Kelly
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio
| | - Mohammed M Almutairi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio
| | - Shams Kursan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio
| | - Romario Pacheco
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio
| | - Eduardo Dias-Junior
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio
| | - Hayo Castrop
- Institute of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg Germany
| | - Mauricio Di Fulvio
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio
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548
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Effect of Konjac Mannan Oligosaccharides on Glucose Homeostasis via the Improvement of Insulin and Leptin Resistance In Vitro and In Vivo. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11081705. [PMID: 31344867 PMCID: PMC6723648 DOI: 10.3390/nu11081705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional oligosaccharides, particularly konjac mannan oligosaccharides (KMOS), can regulate glucose metabolism. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in the hypoglycemic effect of KMOS remain largely unknown. Here, the effect of KMOS supplementation on glucose homeostasis was evaluated in both high-fat diet (HFD)-fed C57BL/6J mice and high-glucosamine-induced HepG2 cells. KMOS supplementation remarkably ameliorated the fasting blood glucose, glucose tolerance, and insulin tolerance of HFD-fed mice. Abnormalities of triglyceride and glycogen metabolism in the liver induced by the HFD were reversed by KMOS supplementation. The insulin signaling pathway was activated by KMOS, with stimulation of GLUT2 membrane translocation and glucose uptake in HepG2 cells via the AMPK pathway. Moreover, KMOS suppressed p-mTOR expression and stimulated the GSK-3β/CREB pathway via the AMPK pathway. KMOS significantly upregulated leptin receptor expression and downregulated PTP1B and SOCS3 levels in the liver and brain, with a decreased serum leptin concentration. Phosphorylation of JAK2 and STAT3 in the liver was activated by KMOS supplementation, while the expressions of Sirt1, Tfam, and Pgc1-α in the brain were elevated. Conclusively, KMOS attenuated HFD-induced glucose metabolism dysfunction through the regulation of insulin resistance and leptin resistance. This finding indicates that KMOS have potential value as an anti-hyperglycemic dietary supplement.
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549
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Liu GM, Xie WX, Zhang CY, Xu JW. Identification of a four-gene metabolic signature predicting overall survival for hepatocellular carcinoma. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:1624-1636. [PMID: 31309563 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
While hundreds of consistently altered metabolic genes had been identified in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the prognostic role of them remains to be further elucidated. Messenger RNA expression profiles and clinicopathological data were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas-Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma and GSE14520 data set from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Univariate Cox regression analysis and lasso Cox regression model established a novel four-gene metabolic signature (including acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 1, glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 2, phosphatidylserine synthase 2, and uridine-cytidine kinase 2) for HCC prognosis prediction. Patients in the high-risk group shown significantly poorer survival than patients in the low-risk group. The signature was significantly correlated with other negative prognostic factors such as higher α-fetoprotein. The signature was found to be an independent prognostic factor for HCC survival. Nomogram including the signature shown some clinical net benefit for overall survival prediction. Furthermore, gene set enrichment analyses revealed several significantly enriched pathways, which might help explain the underlying mechanisms. Our study identified a novel robust four-gene metabolic signature for HCC prognosis prediction. The signature might reflect the dysregulated metabolic microenvironment and provided potential biomarkers for metabolic therapy and treatment response prediction in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gao-Min Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Meizhou People's Hospital, Meizhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Clinical Translational Research of Hakka Population, Meizhou, China
| | - Wen-Xuan Xie
- Department of Liver Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cai-Yun Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Meizhou People's Hospital, Meizhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Clinical Translational Research of Hakka Population, Meizhou, China
| | - Ji-Wei Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Meizhou People's Hospital, Meizhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Clinical Translational Research of Hakka Population, Meizhou, China
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550
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Li L, Martin-Levilain J, Jiménez-Sánchez C, Karaca M, Foti M, Martinou JC, Maechler P. In vivo stabilization of OPA1 in hepatocytes potentiates mitochondrial respiration and gluconeogenesis in a prohibitin-dependent way. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:12581-12598. [PMID: 31285263 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.007601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with fatty liver diseases present altered mitochondrial morphology and impaired metabolic function. Mitochondrial dynamics and related cell function require the uncleaved form of the dynamin-like GTPase OPA1. Stabilization of OPA1 might then confer a protective mechanism against stress-induced tissue damages. To study the putative role of hepatic mitochondrial morphology in a sick liver, we expressed a cleavage-resistant long form of OPA1 (L-OPA1Δ) in the liver of a mouse model with mitochondrial liver dysfunction (i.e. the hepatocyte-specific prohibitin-2 knockout (Hep-Phb2-/-) mice). Liver prohibitin-2 deficiency caused excessive proteolytic cleavage of L-OPA1, mitochondrial fragmentation, and increased apoptosis. These molecular alterations were associated with lipid accumulation, abolished gluconeogenesis, and extensive liver damage. Such liver dysfunction was associated with severe hypoglycemia. In prohibitin-2 knockout mice, expression of L-OPA1Δ by in vivo adenovirus delivery restored the morphology but not the function of mitochondria in hepatocytes. In prohibitin-competent mice, elongation of liver mitochondria by expression of L-OPA1Δ resulted in excessive glucose production associated with increased mitochondrial respiration. In conclusion, mitochondrial dynamics participates in the control of hepatic glucose production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingzi Li
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva Medical Centre, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland.,Faculty Diabetes Centre, University of Geneva Medical Centre, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Juliette Martin-Levilain
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva Medical Centre, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland.,Faculty Diabetes Centre, University of Geneva Medical Centre, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Cecilia Jiménez-Sánchez
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva Medical Centre, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland.,Faculty Diabetes Centre, University of Geneva Medical Centre, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Melis Karaca
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva Medical Centre, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland.,Faculty Diabetes Centre, University of Geneva Medical Centre, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Michelangelo Foti
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva Medical Centre, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland.,Faculty Diabetes Centre, University of Geneva Medical Centre, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Claude Martinou
- Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Maechler
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva Medical Centre, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland .,Faculty Diabetes Centre, University of Geneva Medical Centre, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
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