551
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Kwak MS, Yim JY, Yi A, Chung GE, Yang JI, Kim D, Kim JS, Noh DY. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with breast cancer in nonobese women. Dig Liver Dis 2019; 51:1030-1035. [PMID: 30686716 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2018.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growing evidence supports that nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with extrahepatic cancers. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and breast cancer share similar risk factors, including obesity. AIM The aim of this case-control study was to investigate the association between NAFLD and breast cancer. METHODS Subjects who received health screening, including mammography and breast and hepatic ultrasonography simultaneously, were included. Subjects diagnosed with breast cancer were matched with controls. Conditional logistic regression analyses were performed. RESULTS Among 270 breast cancer patients and 270 controls, 81 cancer patients (30.0%) and 54 controls (20.0%) had NAFLD (P = 0.008). NAFLD was significantly associated with breast cancer in multivariate analysis (P = 0.046). When the interaction between obesity (BMI < 25 kg/m2 vs. ≥25 kg/m2) and NAFLD in breast cancer patients was examined, a significant effect modification between obesity and NAFLD in breast cancer was noted (P = 0.021). The subgroup analysis showed that NAFLD was significantly associated with breast cancer in the nonobese subgroup (odds ratio 3.04, 95% confidence interval 1.37-4.32, P = 0.002) but not in the obese group (P = 0.163). CONCLUSIONS NAFLD was significantly associated with breast cancer independent of traditional risk factors, and this association existed in the nonobese subgroup but not in the obese subgroup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Sun Kwak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Healthcare Research Institute, Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Jeong Yoon Yim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Healthcare Research Institute, Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Ann Yi
- Department of Radiology, Healthcare Research Institute, Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Goh-Eun Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Healthcare Research Institute, Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Jong In Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Healthcare Research Institute, Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Donghee Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Joo Sung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Healthcare Research Institute, Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Dong-Young Noh
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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552
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Jiang S, Tang X, Wang K, Liang Y, Qian Y, Lu C, Cai L. Hepatic functional and pathological changes of type 1 diabetic mice in growing and maturation time. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:5794-5807. [PMID: 31222979 PMCID: PMC6652934 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To detect the changes in the liver function in both male and female OVE26 mice from young to adults for better understanding of type 1 diabetes‐induced hepatic changes, OVE26 mice and wild‐type FVB mice were raised in the same environment without any intervention, and then killed at 4, 12, 24 and 36 weeks for examining liver's general properties, including pathogenic and molecular changes. The influence of diabetes on the bodyweight of male and female mice was different. Both male and female OVE26 mice did not obtain serious liver injury or non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease, manifested by mild elevation of plasma alanine transaminase, and less liver lipid content along with significantly suppressed lipid synthesis. Uncontrolled diabetes also did not cause hepatic glycogen accumulation in OVE26 mice after 4 weeks. Oxidative stress test showed no change in lipid peroxidation, but increased protein oxidation. Changed endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis along with increased antioxidant capacity was observed in OVE26 mice. In conclusion, uncontrolled type 1 diabetes did not cause hepatic lipid deposition most likely because of reduced lipids synthesis in response to insulin deficiency. Enhanced antioxidant capacity might not only prevent the occurrence of severe acute liver injury but also the self‐renewal, leading to liver dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saizhi Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Research Institute, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Xiaoqiang Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Research Institute, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky.,The Center of Cardiovascular Disorders, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Research Institute, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Yaqing Liang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Research Institute, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Yan Qian
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chaosheng Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lu Cai
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Research Institute, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
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553
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Effect of CAPE-pNO2 against type 2 diabetes mellitus via the AMPK/GLUT4/ GSK3β/PPARα pathway in HFD/STZ-induced diabetic mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 853:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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554
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Townsend LK, Medak KD, Peppler WT, Meers GM, Rector RS, LeBlanc PJ, Wright DC. High-saturated-fat diet-induced obesity causes hepatic interleukin-6 resistance via endoplasmic reticulum stress. J Lipid Res 2019; 60:1236-1249. [PMID: 31085628 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m092510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between liver interleukin-6 (IL-6) resistance following high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and glucose intolerance is unclear. The purpose of this study was to assess the temporal development of hepatic IL-6 resistance and the role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in this process. We hypothesized that HFD would rapidly induce hepatic IL-6 resistance through a mechanism involving ER stress. Male C57BL/6N mice consumed chow or a HFD (60%) derived from lard (saturated) or olive oil (monounsaturated) for 4 days or 7 weeks before being injected intraperitoneally with IL-6 (6 ng·kg-1). Glucose, insulin, and pyruvate tolerance tests were used as proxies for systemic glucose metabolism and hepatic glucose production, respectively. Primary mouse hepatocytes were incubated with palmitate (saturated) and oleate (unsaturated) overnight, then treated with 20 ng/ml IL-6. ER stress was induced via tunicamycin or prevented by sodium phenylbutyrate (PBA). Seven weeks of a saturated, but not monounsaturated, HFD reduced hepatic IL-6 signaling in conjunction with hepatic ER stress. Palmitate directly impaired IL-6 signaling in hepatocytes along with inducing ER stress. Pharmacologically induced ER stress caused hepatic IL-6 resistance, whereas PBA reversed HFD-induced IL-6 resistance. Chronic HFD-induced obesity is associated with hepatic IL-6 resistance due to saturated FA-induced ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan K Townsend
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Kyle D Medak
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Willem T Peppler
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Grace M Meers
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine University of Missouri, Columbia, MO.,Research Service, Harry S Truman Memorial VA Hospital, Columbia, MO
| | - R Scott Rector
- Nutrition and Exercise Physiology University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine University of Missouri, Columbia, MO.,Research Service, Harry S Truman Memorial VA Hospital, Columbia, MO
| | - Paul J LeBlanc
- Department of Health Sciences Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - David C Wright
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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555
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Shen J, Sun Y, Shen S, Luo X, Chen J, Zhu L. Pressure suppresses hepatocellular glycogen synthesis through activating the p53/Pten pathway. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:5105-5114. [PMID: 31059076 PMCID: PMC6522908 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Portal hypertension is the primary cause of complications in patients with chronic liver diseases, and markedly impacts metabolism within the nervous system. Until recently, the role of portal hypertension in hepatocellular metabolism was unclear. The present study demonstrated that an increase in extracellular pressure significantly decreased hepatocellular glycogen concentrations in HepG2 and HL-7702 cells. In addition, it reduced glycogen synthase activity, by inhibiting the phosphorylation of glycogen synthase 1. RNA-seq analysis revealed that mechanical pressure suppressed glycogen synthesis by activating the p53/phosphatase and tensin homolog pathway, further suppressing glycogen synthase activity. The present study revealed an association between mechanical pressure and hepatocellular glycogen metabolism, and identified the regulatory mechanism of glycogen synthesis under pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Yunchen Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Si Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Xu Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Hematology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200168, P.R. China
| | - Liang Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
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556
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Khoo J, Hsiang JC, Taneja R, Koo SH, Soon GH, Kam CJ, Law NM, Ang TL. Randomized trial comparing effects of weight loss by liraglutide with lifestyle modification in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Liver Int 2019; 39:941-949. [PMID: 30721572 DOI: 10.1111/liv.14065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS We compared the effects of weight loss induced with the glucagon-like peptide-1 agonist liraglutide, with that of lifestyle modification, followed by weight maintenance after discontinuing intervention, in obese adults with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). METHODS Thirty obese (mean age 40.7 ± 9.1 years, BMI 33.2 ± 3.6 kg/m2 , 90% male) adults with NAFLD defined as liver fat fraction (LFF) > 5% on magnetic resonance imaging without other causes of hepatic steatosis were randomized to a supervised programme of energy restriction plus moderate-intensity exercise to induce ≥ 5% weight loss (DE group, n = 15), or liraglutide 3 mg daily (LI group, n = 15) for 26 weeks, followed by 26 weeks with only advice to prevent weight regain. RESULTS Diet and exercise and LI groups had significant (P < 0.01) and similar reductions in weight (-3.5 ± 3.3 vs -3.0 ± 2.2 kg), LFF (-8.1 ± 13.2 vs -7.0 ± 7.1%), serum alanine aminotransferase (-39 ± 35 vs -26 ± 33 U/L) and caspase-cleaved cytokeratin-18 (cCK-18) (-206 ± 252 vs -130 ± 158 U/L) at 26 weeks. At 52 weeks, the LI group significantly (P < 0.05) regained weight (1.8 ± 2.1 kg), LFF (4.0 ± 5.3%) and cCK-18 (72 ± 126 U/L), whereas these were unchanged in the DE group. CONCLUSIONS Liraglutide was effective for decreasing weight, hepatic steatosis and hepatocellular apoptosis in obese adults with NAFLD, but benefits were not sustained after discontinuation, in contrast with lifestyle modification. Continuing the exercise learned in the structured programme contributed to the maintenance of liver fat reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Khoo
- Department of Endocrinology, Changi General Hospital, Singapore
| | - John C Hsiang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Changi General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Ranu Taneja
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Changi General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Seok-Hwee Koo
- Clinical Trials and Research Unit, Changi General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Gaik-Hong Soon
- Clinical Trials and Research Unit, Changi General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Carmen J Kam
- Clinical Trials and Research Unit, Changi General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Ngai-Moh Law
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Changi General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Tiing-Leong Ang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Changi General Hospital, Singapore
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557
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Zhang K, Guo X, Yan H, Wu Y, Pan Q, Shen JZ, Li X, Chen Y, Li L, Qi Y, Xu Z, Xie W, Zhang W, Threadgill D, He L, Villarreal D, Sun Y, White MF, Zheng H, Guo S. Phosphorylation of Forkhead Protein FoxO1 at S253 Regulates Glucose Homeostasis in Mice. Endocrinology 2019; 160:1333-1347. [PMID: 30951171 PMCID: PMC6482038 DOI: 10.1210/en.2018-00853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factor forkhead box O1 (FoxO1) is a key mediator in the insulin signaling pathway and controls multiple physiological functions, including hepatic glucose production (HGP) and pancreatic β-cell function. We previously demonstrated that S256 in human FOXO1 (FOXO1-S256), equivalent to S253 in mouse FoxO1 (FoxO1-S253), is a key phosphorylation site mediating the effect of insulin as a target of protein kinase B on suppression of FOXO1 activity and expression of target genes responsible for gluconeogenesis. Here, we investigated the role of FoxO1-S253 phosphorylation in control of glucose homeostasis in vivo by generating global FoxO1-S253A/A knockin mice, in which FoxO1-S253 alleles were replaced with alanine (A substitution) blocking FoxO1-S253 phosphorylation. FoxO1-S253A/A mice displayed mild increases in feeding blood glucose and insulin levels but decreases in fasting blood glucose and glucagon concentrations, as well as a reduction in the ratio of pancreatic α-cells/β-cells per islet. FoxO1-S253A/A mice exhibited a slight increase in energy expenditure but barely altered food intake and glucose uptake among tissues. Further analyses revealed that FoxO1-S253A/A enhances FoxO1 nuclear localization and promotes the effect of glucagon on HGP. We conclude that dephosphorylation of S253 in FoxO1 may reflect a molecular basis of pancreatic plasticity during the development of insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kebin Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Xiaoqin Guo
- Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hui Yan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Yuxin Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
- Queens University Belfast School of Biological Sciences, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Quan Pan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - James Zheng Shen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Yunmei Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Yajuan Qi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Zihui Xu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Wei Xie
- Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Weiping Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - David Threadgill
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Ling He
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Daniel Villarreal
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Yuxiang Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Morris F White
- Division of Endocrinology, Children’s Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hongting Zheng
- Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shaodong Guo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
- Correspondence: Shaodong Guo, PhD, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, 123A Cater-Mattil Hall, College Station, Texas 77843. E-mail:
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558
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Yamada T, Habara O, Yoshii Y, Matsushita R, Kubo H, Nojima Y, Nishimura T. The role of glycogen in development and adult fitness in Drosophila. Development 2019; 146:dev.176149. [PMID: 30918052 DOI: 10.1242/dev.176149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The polysaccharide glycogen is an evolutionarily conserved storage form of glucose. However, the physiological significance of glycogen metabolism on homeostatic control throughout the animal life cycle remains incomplete. Here, we describe Drosophila mutants that have defective glycogen metabolism. Null mutants of glycogen synthase (GlyS) and glycogen phosphorylase (GlyP) displayed growth defects and larval lethality, indicating that glycogen plays a crucial role in larval development. Unexpectedly, however, a certain population of larvae developed into adults with normal morphology. Semi-lethality in glycogen mutants during the larval period can be attributed to the presence of circulating sugar trehalose. Homozygous glycogen mutants produced offspring, indicating that glycogen stored in oocytes is dispensable for embryogenesis. GlyS and GlyP mutants showed distinct metabolic defects in the levels of circulating sugars and triglycerides in a life stage-specific manner. In adults, glycogen as an energy reserve is not crucial for physical fitness and lifespan under nourished conditions, but glycogen becomes important under energy stress conditions. This study provides a fundamental understanding of the stage-specific requirements for glycogen metabolism in the fruit fly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Yamada
- Laboratory for Growth Control Signaling, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), 2-2-3 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Okiko Habara
- Laboratory for Growth Control Signaling, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), 2-2-3 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Yuka Yoshii
- Laboratory for Growth Control Signaling, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), 2-2-3 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan.,Graduate School of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0101, Japan
| | - Ryota Matsushita
- Laboratory for Growth Control Signaling, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), 2-2-3 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan.,Graduate School of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0101, Japan
| | - Hitomi Kubo
- Laboratory for Growth Control Signaling, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), 2-2-3 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Yosui Nojima
- Laboratory for Growth Control Signaling, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), 2-2-3 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Takashi Nishimura
- Laboratory for Growth Control Signaling, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), 2-2-3 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan .,Graduate School of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0101, Japan
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559
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Ding HR, Wang JL, Tang ZT, Wang Y, Zhou G, Liu Y, Ren HZ, Shi XL. Mesenchymal Stem Cells Improve Glycometabolism and Liver Regeneration in the Treatment of Post-hepatectomy Liver Failure. Front Physiol 2019; 10:412. [PMID: 31024348 PMCID: PMC6468048 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The mortality rate of post-hepatectomy liver failure (PHLF) remains very high, and liver transplantation is the only effective treatment regimen for PHLF. Cell transplantation is a potential treatment for liver diseases. Previous studies have proved that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have immunomodulatory functions. In the present study, we found that MSCs promoted glycogen synthesis and liver regeneration in the treatment of PHLF. MSC transplantation also improved the survival rate of rats after 90% partial hepatectomy (PH). In our current study, we aimed to determine the efficacy and mechanism of MSC transplantation in the treatment of PHLF. Methods Mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from Sprague-Dawley rats and cultured using a standardized protocol. The MSCs were transplanted to treat acute liver failure induced by 90% PH. The therapeutic efficacy of MSCs on PHLF was verified through measuring alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), international normalized ratio (INR), serum ammonia, liver weight to body weight ratio, blood glucose, and histology. To further study the mechanism of MSC transplantation in treatment for PHLF, we assessed the changes in the AKT/glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β)/β-catenin pathway. A-674563 (AKT inhibitor) and SB216763 (GSK-3β inhibitor) were employed to validate our findings. SPSS version 19.0 was used for statistical analysis, and the independent-samples t-test was carried out to analyze the collected data. Results Mesenchymal stem cell transplantation attenuated the liver injury in acute liver failure induced by 90% PH. MSC transplantation improved the glucose metabolism and survival rate in the PHLF model. The effect of MSC transplantation on hepatocyte proliferation might be related to AKT/GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway. Conclusion Mesenchymal stem cell transplantation could be use as a potential treatment for PHLF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Ran Ding
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing-Lin Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhen-Ting Tang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Guang Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao-Zhen Ren
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Lei Shi
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
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560
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Baicalein improves glucose metabolism in insulin resistant HepG2 cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 854:187-193. [PMID: 30970232 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) is the primary pathogenesis of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, often used in the clinical treatment of T2DM. Baicalein which is considered to have anti-IR effects is one of its active ingredients. IR-induced HepG2 cells were used to investigate the effect of baicalein on glucose metabolism and insulin-signaling pathway, using metformin as a positive control. We found that the use of both baicalein and metformin increased the glucose consumption of IR cells, as well as increasing the pyruvate kinase (PK) and glucokinase (GCK) activity. Also increased was the expression levels of insulin receptor (InsR), insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (AKT) pathway and glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2). Reduced expression levels were found in that of glucose 6 phosphatase (G6Pase) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) mRNA. The results confirmed that baicalein (10-6 and 10-5 mol/L) promotes glucose uptake and glycolysis, inhibits gluconeogenesis of hepatocytes to improve glucose metabolism, and may be as a result from regulation of InsR/IRS-1/PI3K/AKT pathway. Additionally, baicalein has large concentration range on inhibiting IR, and at lower concentrations has strong anti-IR hepatocyte activity.
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561
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Schwartsburd P. Cancer-Induced Reprogramming of Host Glucose Metabolism: "Vicious Cycle" Supporting Cancer Progression. Front Oncol 2019; 9:218. [PMID: 31019893 PMCID: PMC6458235 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Unrestricted cancer growth requires permanent supply of glucose that can be obtained from cancer-mediated reprogramming of glucose metabolism in the cancer-bearing host. The pathological mechanisms by which cancer cells exert their negative influence on host glucose metabolism are largely unknown. This paper proposes a mechanism of metabolic and hormonal changes that may favor glucose delivery to tumor (not host) cells by creating a cancer-host “vicious cycle” whose prolonged action drives cancer progression and promotes host cachexia. To verify this hypothesis, a feedback model of host-cancer interactions that create the “vicious cycle” via cancer-induced reprogramming of host glucose metabolism is proposed. This model is capable of answering some crucial questions as to how anabolic cancer cells can reprogram the systemic glucose metabolism and why these pathways were not observed in pregnancy. The current paper helps to better understanding a pathogenesis of cancer progression and identify hormonal/metabolic targets for anti-cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina Schwartsburd
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
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562
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Abstract
The metabolic syndrome (MetS) concept gathers in a single entity a set of metabolic abnormalities that have in common a close relationship with ectopic deposit of lipids, insulin resistance, and chronic low-grade inflammation. It is a valuable teaching tool to help health professionals to understand and integrate the consequences of lipotoxicity and the adverse metabolic consequences of insulin resistance. Also, it is useful to identify subjects with a high risk for having incident type 2 diabetes. Systems biology studies have gained a prominent role in understanding the interaction between adipose tissue dysfunction, insulin action, and the MetS traits and co-morbidities (that is, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, or NASH). This approach may allow the identification of new therapeutic targets (that is,
de novo lipogenesis inhibitors for NASH). Treatment targets on MetS are the adoption of a healthy lifestyle, weight loss, and the control of the co-morbidities (hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, arterial hypertension, among others). The long-term goals are the prevention of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular events, and other MetS-related outcomes. In the last few decades, new drugs derived from the identification of innovative treatment targets have come on the market. These drugs have positive effects on more than one MetS component (that is, hyperglycemia and weight control). New potential treatment targets are under study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Aguilar-Salinas
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, 14008, Mexico.,Departamento de Endocrinología y Metabolismo, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, 14008, Mexico.,Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, 64710, Mexico
| | - Tannia Viveros-Ruiz
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, 14008, Mexico.,Doctorado de Epidemiología Clínica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico
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563
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Li X, Chen Y, Shen JZ, Pan Q, Yang W, Yan H, Liu H, Ai W, Liao W, Guo S. Epigallocatechin Gallate Inhibits Hepatic Glucose Production in Primary Hepatocytes via Downregulating PKA Signaling Pathways and Transcriptional Factor FoxO1. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:3651-3661. [PMID: 30875211 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Forkhead/winged helix transcription factor O-class member 1 (FoxO1) is a key mediator of insulin and glucagon signaling in control of glucose homeostasis. Although epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) has attracted interest owing to its potential to combat hyperglycemic diabetes, molecular mechanisms underlying its antihyperglycemic effect, in particular the effect on FoxO1, is poorly understand. This study aims to assess the impact of EGCG on the glucagon signaling pathway in regulating glucose metabolism. Primary hepatocytes from wild-type (WT), liver-specific FoxO1 knock out (FKO), and FoxO1-S273D knock-in (KI) mice were isolated, cultured, and treated with EGCG and/or glucagon. Our data showed the treatment of 10 μM EGCG for 6 h decreased hepatic glucose production by 20 and 23% in WT and FKO primary hepatocytes, respectively. EGCG repressed both gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis in primary hepatocytes, coupled with activating AMPK. In addition, EGCG decreased mitochondrial oxygen consumption. We further investigated the effects of EGCG on glucagon-stimulated cAMP/PKA signaling pathway. EGCG reduced p-PKA-T197/T-PKA and p-CREB-S133/T-CREB levels by 39 and 20%, blocked p-FoxO1-S273, and suppressed nuclear FoxO1 translocation, suggesting that FoxO1 and CREB were possible downstream targets. A novel mechanism of EGCG in restraining hepatic glucose production (HGP) is through antagonizing glucagon signaling and suppressing FoxO1 via Ser273. EGCG may serve as a promising compound for regulating glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Science , Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas 77843 , United States
- College of Food Science and Technology , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070 , China
| | - Yunmei Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Science , Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas 77843 , United States
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy , Ocean University of China , Qingdao 266003 , China
| | - James Zheng Shen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Science , Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas 77843 , United States
| | - Quan Pan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Science , Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas 77843 , United States
| | - Wanbao Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Science , Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas 77843 , United States
| | - Hui Yan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Science , Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas 77843 , United States
| | - Huimin Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Science , Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas 77843 , United States
| | - Weiqi Ai
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Science , Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas 77843 , United States
| | - Wang Liao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Science , Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas 77843 , United States
| | - Shaodong Guo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Science , Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas 77843 , United States
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564
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High Consistency of Structure-Based Design and X-Ray Crystallography: Design, Synthesis, Kinetic Evaluation and Crystallographic Binding Mode Determination of Biphenyl- N-acyl-β-d-Glucopyranosylamines as Glycogen Phosphorylase Inhibitors. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24071322. [PMID: 30987252 PMCID: PMC6479789 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24071322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Structure-based design and synthesis of two biphenyl-N-acyl-β-d-glucopyranosylamine derivatives as well as their assessment as inhibitors of human liver glycogen phosphorylase (hlGPa, a pharmaceutical target for type 2 diabetes) is presented. X-ray crystallography revealed the importance of structural water molecules and that the inhibitory efficacy correlates with the degree of disturbance caused by the inhibitor binding to a loop crucial for the catalytic mechanism. The in silico-derived models of the binding mode generated during the design process corresponded very well with the crystallographic data.
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565
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Morgantini C, Jager J, Li X, Levi L, Azzimato V, Sulen A, Barreby E, Xu C, Tencerova M, Näslund E, Kumar C, Verdeguer F, Straniero S, Hultenby K, Björkström NK, Ellis E, Rydén M, Kutter C, Hurrell T, Lauschke VM, Boucher J, Tomčala A, Krejčová G, Bajgar A, Aouadi M. Liver macrophages regulate systemic metabolism through non-inflammatory factors. Nat Metab 2019; 1:445-459. [PMID: 32694874 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-019-0044-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Liver macrophages (LMs) have been proposed to contribute to metabolic disease through secretion of inflammatory cytokines. However, anti-inflammatory drugs lead to only modest improvements in systemic metabolism. Here we show that LMs do not undergo a proinflammatory phenotypic switch in obesity-induced insulin resistance in flies, mice and humans. Instead, we find that LMs produce non-inflammatory factors, such as insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 7 (IGFBP7), that directly regulate liver metabolism. IGFBP7 binds to the insulin receptor and induces lipogenesis and gluconeogenesis via activation of extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signalling. We further show that IGFBP7 is subject to RNA editing at a higher frequency in insulin-resistant than in insulin-sensitive obese patients (90% versus 30%, respectively), resulting in an IGFBP7 isoform with potentially higher capacity to bind to the insulin receptor. Our study demonstrates that LMs can contribute to insulin resistance independently of their inflammatory status and indicates that non-inflammatory factors produced by macrophages might represent new drug targets for the treatment of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Morgantini
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center (ICMC), Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Jennifer Jager
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center (ICMC), Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- Université Nice Côte d'Azur, INSERM U1065, C3M, Team Cellular and Molecular Physiopathology of Obesity, Nice, France
| | - Xidan Li
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center (ICMC), Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Laura Levi
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center (ICMC), Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Valerio Azzimato
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center (ICMC), Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - André Sulen
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center (ICMC), Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Emelie Barreby
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center (ICMC), Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Connie Xu
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center (ICMC), Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Michaela Tencerova
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, KMEB, University of Southern Denmark, Odense University Hospital and Danish Diabetes Academy, Odense, Denmark
| | - Erik Näslund
- Division of Surgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Chanchal Kumar
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center (ICMC), Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- Translational Sciences, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Diseases, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Francisco Verdeguer
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sara Straniero
- Metabolism Unit C2:94, Department of Medicine, and Center for Innovative Medicine, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kjell Hultenby
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Niklas K Björkström
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ewa Ellis
- Division of Transplantation Surgery, CLINTEC, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Mikael Rydén
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Claudia Kutter
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tracey Hurrell
- Section of Pharmacogenetics, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Volker M Lauschke
- Section of Pharmacogenetics, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Jeremie Boucher
- Bioscience, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Aleš Tomčala
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Protistology, Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Gabriela Krejčová
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, and Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Adam Bajgar
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, and Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Myriam Aouadi
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center (ICMC), Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.
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566
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Grossmann M, Wierman ME, Angus P, Handelsman DJ. Reproductive Endocrinology of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Endocr Rev 2019; 40:417-446. [PMID: 30500887 DOI: 10.1210/er.2018-00158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The liver and the reproductive system interact in a multifaceted bidirectional fashion. Sex steroid signaling influences hepatic endobiotic and xenobiotic metabolism and contributes to the pathogenesis of functional and structural disorders of the liver. In turn, liver function affects the reproductive axis via modulating sex steroid metabolism and transport to tissues via sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG). The liver senses the body's metabolic status and adapts its energy homeostasis in a sex-dependent fashion, a dimorphism signaled by the sex steroid milieu and possibly related to the metabolic costs of reproduction. Sex steroids impact the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, including development of hepatic steatosis, fibrosis, and carcinogenesis. Preclinical studies in male rodents demonstrate that androgens protect against hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance both via androgen receptor signaling and, following aromatization to estradiol, estrogen receptor signaling, through regulating genes involved in hepatic lipogenesis and glucose metabolism. In female rodents in contrast to males, androgens promote hepatic steatosis and dysglycemia, whereas estradiol is similarly protective against liver disease. In men, hepatic steatosis is associated with modest reductions in circulating testosterone, in part consequent to a reduction in circulating SHBG. Testosterone treatment has not been demonstrated to improve hepatic steatosis in randomized controlled clinical trials. Consistent with sex-dimorphic preclinical findings, androgens promote hepatic steatosis and dysglycemia in women, whereas endogenous estradiol appears protective in both men and women. In both sexes, androgens promote hepatic fibrosis and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma, whereas estradiol is protective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathis Grossmann
- Department of Medicine Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Margaret E Wierman
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.,Research Service, Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Peter Angus
- Department of Medicine Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.,Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - David J Handelsman
- ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Concord Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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567
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Abulizi A, Camporez JP, Jurczak MJ, Høyer KF, Zhang D, Cline GW, Samuel VT, Shulman GI, Vatner DF. Adipose glucocorticoid action influences whole-body metabolism via modulation of hepatic insulin action. FASEB J 2019; 33:8174-8185. [PMID: 30922125 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802706r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The connection between adipose glucocorticoid action and whole-body metabolism is incompletely understood. Thus, we generated adipose tissue-specific glucocorticoid receptor-knockout (Ad-GcR-/-) mice to explore potential mechanisms. Ad-GcR-/- mice had a lower concentration of fasting plasma nonesterified fatty acids and less hepatic steatosis. This was associated with increased protein kinase B phosphorylation and increased hepatic glycogen synthesis after an oral glucose challenge. High-fat diet (HFD)-fed Ad-GcR-/- mice were protected against the development of hepatic steatosis and diacylglycerol-PKCε-induced impairments in hepatic insulin signaling. Under hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic conditions, hepatic insulin response was ∼10-fold higher in HFD-fed Ad-GcR-/- mice. Insulin-mediated suppression of adipose lipolysis was improved by 40% in Ad-GcR-/- mice. Adipose triglyceride lipase expression was decreased and insulin-mediated perilipin dephosphorylation was increased in Ad-GcR-/- mice. In metabolic cages, food intake decreased by 3 kcal/kg per hour in Ad-GcR-/- mice. Therefore, physiologic adipose glucocorticoid action appears to drive hepatic lipid accumulation during stressors such as fasting. The resultant hepatic insulin resistance prevents hepatic glycogen synthesis, preserving glucose for glucose-dependent organs. Absence of adipose glucocorticoid action attenuates HFD-induced hepatic insulin resistance; potential explanations for reduction in hepatic steatosis include reductions in adipose lipolysis and food intake.-Abulizi, A., Camporez, J.-P., Jurczak, M. J., Høyer, K. F., Zhang, D., Cline, G. W., Samuel, V. T., Shulman, G. I., Vatner, D. F. Adipose glucocorticoid action influences whole-body metabolism via modulation of hepatic insulin action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abudukadier Abulizi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - João-Paulo Camporez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Michael J Jurczak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Kasper F Høyer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Magnetic Resonance Research Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Dongyan Zhang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Gary W Cline
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Varman T Samuel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Veterans Affairs Medical Center, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Gerald I Shulman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Daniel F Vatner
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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568
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Quines CB, Jardim NS, Araujo PCO, Cechella JL, Prado VC, Nogueira CW. Resistance training restores metabolic alterations induced by monosodium glutamate in a sex-dependent manner in male and female rats. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:13426-13440. [PMID: 30916837 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite resistance exercises being associated with health outcomes, numerous issues are still unresolved and further research is required before the exercise can faithfully be prescribed as medicine. The goal of this study was to investigate whether there are sex differences in resistance training effects on metabolic alterations induced by monosodium glutamate (MSG), a model of obesity, in male and female rats. Male and female Wistar rats received MSG (4 g/kg body weight/day, s.c.) from postnatal day 1 to 10. After 10 days from MSG administration, the rats were separated into two groups: MSG-sedentary and MSG-exercised. At postnatal day 60, the animals started a resistance training protocol in an 80 degrees inclined vertical ladder apparatus and performed it for 7 weeks. Control rats received saline solution and were divided in saline-sedentary and saline-exercised. Resistance training restored all plasma biochemical parameters (glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase) increased in male and female rats treated with MSG. The MSG administration induced hyperglycemia associated with a decrease in the skeletal muscle glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) levels and accompanied by deregulation in proteins, G-6Pase, and tyrosine aminotransferase, involved in hepatic glucose metabolism of male and female rats. MSG induced dyslipidemia and lipotoxicity in the liver and skeletal muscle of male rats. Regarding female rats, lipotoxicity was found only in the skeletal muscle. The resistance training had beneficial effects against metabolic alterations induced by MSG in male and female rats, through regulation of proteins (GLUT2, protein kinase B, and GLUT4) involved in glucose and lipid pathways in the liver and skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline B Quines
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade e Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Natália S Jardim
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade e Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Paulo Cesar O Araujo
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade e Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - José Luiz Cechella
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade e Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Vinicius C Prado
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade e Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Cristina W Nogueira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade e Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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569
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Li P, Rao Z, Laing B, Bunner WP, Landry T, Prete A, Yuan Y, Zhang ZT, Huang H. Vertical sleeve gastrectomy improves liver and hypothalamic functions in obese mice. J Endocrinol 2019; 241:JOE-18-0658.R2. [PMID: 30875680 DOI: 10.1530/joe-18-0658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) is an effective surgery to treat obesity and diabetes. However, the direct effect of VSG on metabolic functions is not fully understood. We aimed to investigate if alterations in hypothalamic neurons were linked with perturbations in liver metabolism after VSG in an energy intake-controlled obese mouse model. C57BL/6 and hrNPY-GFP reporter mice received HFD for 12 weeks and were then divided into three groups: Sham (ad lib), sham (pair-fed) with VSG, and VSG. Food intake was measured daily, and blood glucose levels were measured before and after the study. Energy expenditure and body composition were determined. Serum parameters, liver lipid and glycogen contents were measured, and gene/protein expression were analyzed. Hypothalamic POMC, AgRP/NPY, and tyrosine hydroxylase expressing neurons were counted. As results, we found that VSG reduced body weight gain and adiposity induced by HFD, increased energy expenditure independent of energy intake. Fed and fasted blood glucose levels were reduced in the VSG group. While serum active GLP-1 level was increased, the active ghrelin and triglycerides levels were decreased along with improved insulin resistance in VSG group. Liver lipid accumulation, glycogen content, and gluconeogenic gene expression were reduced in the VSG group. In the hypothalamus, TH expressing neuron population was decreased, and the POMC-expressing neuron population was increased in the VSG group. Our data suggests that VSG improves metabolic symptoms by increasing energy expenditure and lowering lipid and glycogen contents in the liver. These physiological alterations are possibly related to changes in hypothalamic neuron populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peixin Li
- P Li, Department of Comprehensive Surgery, Medical and Health Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China, Beijing, China
| | - Zhijian Rao
- Z Rao, Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina USA, East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA , Greenville, United States
| | - Brenton Laing
- B Laing, Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, 27858, United States
| | - Wyatt Paul Bunner
- W Bunner, Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, United States
| | - Taylor Landry
- T Landry, Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina USA, . East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA , Greenville, United States
| | - Amber Prete
- A Prete, Department of Psychology, East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA , Greenville, United States
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Y Yuan, Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina USA, . East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA , Greenville, United States
| | - Zhong-Tao Zhang
- Z Zhang, Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hu Huang
- H Huang, Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina USA, Human Performance Laboratory, College of Health and Human Performance, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA, Greenville, United States
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570
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Cam ME, Hazar-Yavuz AN, Yildiz S, Ertas B, Ayaz Adakul B, Taskin T, Alan S, Kabasakal L. The methanolic extract of Thymus praecox subsp. skorpilii var. skorpilii restores glucose homeostasis, ameliorates insulin resistance and improves pancreatic β-cell function on streptozotocin/nicotinamide-induced type 2 diabetic rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 231:29-38. [PMID: 30399410 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Thymus praecox subsp. skorpilii var. skorpilii (syn. Thymus praecox subsp. jankae (Celak.) Jalas) is consumed as a Turkish folk medicine for the treatment of spasm, sore throat and shortness of breath, also having strong antioxidant activity and the leaves of the plant have been utilized for the treatment of diabetes as the decoction in Turkey. AIM OF THE STUDY In the present study, we aimed to investigate the potential mechanism of antidiabetic action of Thymus praecox subsp. skorpilii var. skorpilii methanolic extract (TPSE) on streptozotocin (STZ)/nicotinamide (NA)-induced type 2 diabetic rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups; control, diabetes, TPSE (100 mg/kg b.w, p.o.) and metformin group (400 mg/kg b.w, p.o.). Diabetes was established in all groups except control group by 55 mg/kg STZ (i.p.) for once 15 min after 100 mg/kg NA injection. 3 days after STZ/NA injection, treatments were administered for three weeks and then rats were decapitated; tissue and blood samples were obtained for measuring the level of glucose transporters (both GLUTs and sodium glucose co-transporters (SGLTs)), enzymes related to glucose (Hexokinase (HK), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), α-glucosidase) and lipid metabolism (Acetyl-coenzyme carboxylase (ACC)), AST, ALT, creatinine, insulin, anti-inflammatory (IL-10) and inflammatory (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6) cytokines, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) and glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1). Histopathological alterations of the pancreas were examined. RESULTS After three weeks of treatment, TPSE has exhibited a significant reduction of plasma levels of the proinflammatory cytokines. Besides, TPSE treatment elevated plasma insulin levels and normalized blood glucose levels. Moreover, it improved the values of AMPK in liver and GLP-1 in pancreas. Increased α-glucosidase, PEPCK, GLUT-2 and SGLTs levels with the induction of diabetes considerably lowered with TPSE treatment. Especially on SGLT-2, TPSE achieved a more prominent decrease. After the atrophy in Langerhans islets due to diabetes induction, treatment was found to prevent the damage of islets. CONCLUSIONS Based on the findings presented here, it has been concluded that TPSE has marked antidiabetic effects through various pathways on STZ/NA-induced diabetic rats and it may potentially be used as an effective treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Further research on isolation of the bioactive components is underway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammet Emin Cam
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Haydarpasa, 34668 Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, WC1E 7JE London, UK; Advanced Nanomaterials Research Laboratory, Faculty of Technology, Marmara University, Goztepe, 34722 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Ayse Nur Hazar-Yavuz
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Haydarpasa, 34668 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Sila Yildiz
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Haydarpasa, 34668 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Busra Ertas
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Haydarpasa, 34668 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Betul Ayaz Adakul
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Haydarpasa, 34668 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Turgut Taskin
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Haydarpasa, 34668 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Saadet Alan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey.
| | - Levent Kabasakal
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Haydarpasa, 34668 Istanbul, Turkey.
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571
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Li K, Qiu C, Sun P, Liu DC, Wu TJ, Wang K, Zhou YC, Chang XA, Yin Y, Chen F, Zhu YX, Han X. Ets1-Mediated Acetylation of FoxO1 Is Critical for Gluconeogenesis Regulation during Feed-Fast Cycles. Cell Rep 2019; 26:2998-3010.e5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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572
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Jacquet A, Barbeau D, Arnaud J, Hijazi S, Hazane-Puch F, Lamarche F, Quiclet C, Couturier K, Fontaine E, Moulis JM, Demeilliers C. Impact of maternal low-level cadmium exposure on glucose and lipid metabolism of the litter at different ages after weaning. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 219:109-121. [PMID: 30537584 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.11.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a metal which may participate in the development of type II diabetes even if Cd exposure levels are mild. However, experimental studies focusing on daily environmentally relevant doses are scarce, particularly for glucose metabolism of the offspring of chronically exposed mothers. The aim is to measure the impact of maternal low level Cd exposure on glucose and lipid metabolism of offspring. Female rats were exposed to 0, 50 or 500 μg.kg-1.d-1 of CdCl2, 21 days before mating and during 21 days of gestation and 21 days of lactation. Pups exposure was organized in 3 groups (control, Cd1, Cd2) according to renal dams' Cd burden. Parameters of glucose and lipid metabolisms were measured for the pups on post-natal day 21, 26 and 60. Maternal Cd exposure led to significant amounts of Cd in the liver and kidney of pups. At weaning, insulin secretion upon glucose stimulation was unchanged, but the removal of circulating glucose was slower for pups born from the lowest impregnated dams (Cd1). Five days after, glucose tolerance of all groups was identical. Thus, this loss of insulin sensitivity was reversed, in part by increased adiponectin secretion for the Cd1 group. Furthermore, pups from dams accumulating the highest levels of Cd (Cd2) exhibited a compensatory increased insulin pancreatic secretion, together with increased circulating non-esterified fatty acids, indicating the establishment of insulin resistance, 2 months after birth. This study has demonstrated the influence of maternal exposure to low levels of Cd on glucose homeostasis in the offspring that might increase the risk of developing type II diabetes later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeline Jacquet
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U1055, LBFA, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Damien Barbeau
- Grenoble University Hospital, Institute of Biology and Pathology, Grenoble, France; EPSP-TIMC UMR CNRS 5525, Grenoble, France
| | - Josiane Arnaud
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U1055, LBFA, 38000 Grenoble, France; Grenoble University Hospital, Institute of Biology and Pathology, Grenoble, France
| | - Samer Hijazi
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U1055, LBFA, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Florence Hazane-Puch
- Grenoble University Hospital, Institute of Biology and Pathology, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Charline Quiclet
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U1055, LBFA, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Karine Couturier
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U1055, LBFA, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Eric Fontaine
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U1055, LBFA, 38000 Grenoble, France; Grenoble University Hospital, Institute of Biology and Pathology, Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Marc Moulis
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U1055, LBFA, 38000 Grenoble, France; CEA-DRF-BIG, Grenoble, France
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573
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Pathobiological mechanisms underlying metabolic syndrome (MetS) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): clinical significance and therapeutic strategies. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 198:160-188. [PMID: 30822464 PMCID: PMC7112632 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major incurable global health burden and is currently the 4th largest cause of death in the world. Importantly, much of the disease burden and health care utilisation in COPD is associated with the management of its comorbidities (e.g. skeletal muscle wasting, ischemic heart disease, cognitive dysfunction) and infective viral and bacterial acute exacerbations (AECOPD). Current pharmacological treatments for COPD are relatively ineffective and the development of effective therapies has been severely hampered by the lack of understanding of the mechanisms and mediators underlying COPD. Since comorbidities have a tremendous impact on the prognosis and severity of COPD, the 2015 American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society (ATS/ERS) Research Statement on COPD urgently called for studies to elucidate the pathobiological mechanisms linking COPD to its comorbidities. It is now emerging that up to 50% of COPD patients have metabolic syndrome (MetS) as a comorbidity. It is currently not clear whether metabolic syndrome is an independent co-existing condition or a direct consequence of the progressive lung pathology in COPD patients. As MetS has important clinical implications on COPD outcomes, identification of disease mechanisms linking COPD to MetS is the key to effective therapy. In this comprehensive review, we discuss the potential mechanisms linking MetS to COPD and hence plausible therapeutic strategies to treat this debilitating comorbidity of COPD.
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574
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Balakrishnan BB, Krishnasamy K, Mayakrishnan V, Selvaraj A. Moringa concanensis Nimmo extracts ameliorates hyperglycemia-mediated oxidative stress and upregulates PPARγ and GLUT4 gene expression in liver and pancreas of streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced diabetic rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 112:108688. [PMID: 30798121 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study investigates the effects of ethanolic extract of M. concanensis Nimmo leaves (EEMCNL) with respect to its potent protective tissue damage, antioxidant properties in serum, liver and kidney, histopathological evaluation, and PPARγ and GLUT4 gene expression in liver and pancreatic tissue of Streptozotocin-Nicotinamide (STZ-NA) induced diabetic rats. Animals were divided into five groups (n = 5): control; diabetic; diabetic + EEMCNL; control + EEMCNL; and diabetic + glibenclamide. After 45 days of treatment with EEMCNL, MDA levels were significantly decreased in the diabetic-induced group when compared with the STZ-induced diabetic group (P < 0.05). The activities of serum enzymes AST, ALT, ALP, ACP and LDH were significantly decreased in serum and kidney, and increased in liver tissues of the EEMCNL-treated group as compared with the STZ-NA induced diabetic group (P < 0.05). The levels of total protein, urea, creatinine and uric acid observed in the diabetic group returned to normal by administration of EEMCNL (250 mg/kg) as relative to the STZ-NA induced diabetic group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, EEMCNL upregulated PPARγ and GLUT4 expression in liver and pancreatic tissue of the STZ-NA induced diabetic group rats. Taken together, these findings contribute to a better understanding of the hepatoprotective and renoprotective potential of EEMCNL against oxidative stress in the diabetic state, which was evidenced by the capacity of EEMCNL to modulate the antioxidant defence and to decrease lipid peroxidation in these tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brindha Banu Balakrishnan
- Department of Biochemistry and Bioinformatics, Dr. MGR Janaki College of Arts and Science for Women, Affiliated to University of Madras, Chennai, 600028, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Biochemistry, Kongunadu Arts and Science College, Affiliated to Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641029, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Kalaivani Krishnasamy
- Department of Biochemistry, Kongunadu Arts and Science College, Affiliated to Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641029, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vijayakumar Mayakrishnan
- Department of Nutrition, Dairy Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Chungcheongnam-do, Cheonan, 31000, Republic of Korea
| | - Arokiyaraj Selvaraj
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Gwangjingu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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575
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Glossmann HH, Lutz OMD. Commentary: Lactate-Induced Glucose Output Is Unchanged by Metformin at a Therapeutic Concentration-A Mass Spectrometry Imaging Study of the Perfused Rat Liver. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:90. [PMID: 30837871 PMCID: PMC6389785 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hartmut H Glossmann
- Institute for Biochemical Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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576
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Kliszczewicz B, Bechke E, Williamson C, Green Z, Bailey P, McLester J, McLester C. Citrus Aurantium and caffeine complex versus placebo on biomarkers of metabolism: a double blind crossover design. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2019; 16:4. [PMID: 30728061 PMCID: PMC6366059 DOI: 10.1186/s12970-019-0271-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUOND The purpose of this study was to examine resting the metabolic response to the ingestion of a complex containing Citrus Aurantium + Caffeine (CA + C) and if its consumption influences metabolic recovery following a high-intensity anaerobic exercise bout in habitual caffeine users. METHODS Ten physically active males (25.1 ± 3.9 years; weight 78.71 ± 9.53 kg; height 177.2 ± 4.6 cm; body fat 15.5 ± 3.13%) participated in this study. This study was performed in a double-blind, randomized crossover fashion consisting of two exhaustive exercise protocols. On each visit the participants consumed either a CA + C (100 mg of CA and 100 mg of C) or placebo (dextrose) capsule. After consumption, participants were monitored throughout a 45-min ingestion period, then completed a repeated Wingate protocol, and were then monitored throughout a 45-min recovery period. Metabolic function was measured through blood glucose, plasma insulin, plasma triglycerides, and plasma catecholamines: epinephrine (E) and norepinephrine (NE). Biomarkers were taken at four different time points; Ingestion period: baseline (I1), post-ingestion period (I2); Recovery period: immediately post-exercise (R1), post-recovery period (R2). RESULTS A repeated measures ANOVA revealed significant time-dependent increases in plasma E and NE at I2 only in the CA + C trial (p < 0.05), and a significant decrease in blood glucose at I2 in the PLA trial (p < 0.05); however, no meaningful changes in glucose was observed following CA + C ingestion. No changes in insulin or triglycerides were observed during the ingestion period. No trial-dependent differences were observed in the Recovery period. All biomarkers of metabolic recovery were equivalent when evaluating R1 v R2. Participants recovered in a similar time-dependent manner in all markers of metabolism following the PLA and CA + C trials. CONCLUSION The findings of this study suggested that normal recommended dosages of 100 mg CA + 100 mg C is sufficient to promote glucose sparing at rest, with modest increases in SNS activity; however, the individual role of CA or C in this response cannot be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Kliszczewicz
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, USA.
| | - Emily Bechke
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, USA
| | - Cassie Williamson
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, USA
| | - Zackery Green
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, USA
| | - Paul Bailey
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, USA
| | - John McLester
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, USA
| | - Cherilyn McLester
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, USA
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577
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Wilde BR, Ye Z, Lim TY, Ayer DE. Cellular acidosis triggers human MondoA transcriptional activity by driving mitochondrial ATP production. eLife 2019; 8:40199. [PMID: 30717828 PMCID: PMC6363388 DOI: 10.7554/elife.40199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human MondoA requires glucose as well as other modulatory signals to function in transcription. One such signal is acidosis, which increases MondoA activity and also drives a protective gene signature in breast cancer. How low pH controls MondoA transcriptional activity is unknown. We found that low pH medium increases mitochondrial ATP (mtATP), which is subsequently exported from the mitochondrial matrix. Mitochondria-bound hexokinase transfers a phosphate from mtATP to cytoplasmic glucose to generate glucose-6-phosphate (G6P), which is an established MondoA activator. The outer mitochondrial membrane localization of MondoA suggests that it is positioned to coordinate the adaptive transcriptional response to a cell’s most abundant energy sources, cytoplasmic glucose and mtATP. In response to acidosis, MondoA shows preferential binding to just two targets, TXNIP and its paralog ARRDC4. Because these transcriptional targets are suppressors of glucose uptake, we propose that MondoA is critical for restoring metabolic homeostasis in response to high energy charge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake R Wilde
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, United States
| | - Zhizhou Ye
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, United States
| | - Tian-Yeh Lim
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, United States
| | - Donald E Ayer
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, United States
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578
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Hoerner CR, Chen VJ, Fan AC. The 'Achilles Heel' of Metabolism in Renal Cell Carcinoma: Glutaminase Inhibition as a Rational Treatment Strategy. KIDNEY CANCER 2019; 3:15-29. [PMID: 30854496 PMCID: PMC6400133 DOI: 10.3233/kca-180043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
An important hallmark of cancer is 'metabolic reprogramming' or the rewiring of cellular metabolism to support rapid cell proliferation [1-5]. Metabolic reprogramming through oncometabolite-mediated transformation or activation of oncogenes in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) globally impacts energy production as well as glucose and glutamine utilization in RCC cells, which can promote dependence on glutamine supply to support cell growth and proliferation [6, 7]. Novel inhibitors of glutaminase, a key enzyme in glutamine metabolism, target glutamine addiction as a viable treatment strategy in metastatic RCC (mRCC). Here, we review glutamine metabolic pathways and how changes in cellular glutamine utilization enable the progression of RCC. This overview provides scientific rationale for targeting this pathway in patients with mRCC. We will summarize the current understanding of cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying anti-tumor efficacy of glutaminase inhibitors in RCC, provide an overview of clinical efforts targeting glutaminase in mRCC, and review approaches for identifying biomarkers for patient stratification and detecting therapeutic response early on in patients treated with this novel class of anti-cancer drug. Ultimately, results of ongoing clinical trials will demonstrate whether glutaminase inhibition can be a worthy addition to the current armamentarium of drugs used for patients with mRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian R Hoerner
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, USA
| | - Viola J Chen
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, USA
| | - Alice C Fan
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, USA
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579
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Kakimoto PA, Chausse B, Caldeira da Silva CC, Donato Júnior J, Kowaltowski AJ. Resilient hepatic mitochondrial function and lack of iNOS dependence in diet-induced insulin resistance. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211733. [PMID: 30716103 PMCID: PMC6361450 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity-derived inflammation and metabolic dysfunction has been related to the activity of the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). To understand the interrelation between metabolism, obesity and NO., we evaluated the effects of obesity-induced NO. signaling on liver mitochondrial function. We used mouse strains containing mitochondrial nicotinamide transhydrogenase activity, while prior studies involved a spontaneous mutant of this enzyme, and are, therefore, more prone to oxidative imbalance. Wild-type and iNOS knockout mice were fed a high fat diet for 2, 4 or 8 weeks. iNOS knockout did not protect against diet-induced metabolic changes. However, the diet decreased fatty-acid oxidation capacity in liver mitochondria at 4 weeks in both wild-type and knockout groups; this was recovered at 8 weeks. Interestingly, other mitochondrial functional parameters were unchanged, despite significant modifications in insulin resistance in wild type and iNOS knockout animals. Overall, we found two surprising features of obesity-induced metabolic dysfunction: (i) iNOS does not have an essential role in obesity-induced insulin resistance under all experimental conditions and (ii) liver mitochondria are resilient to functional changes in obesity-induced metabolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela A. Kakimoto
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Bruno Chausse
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - José Donato Júnior
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciência Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alicia J. Kowaltowski
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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580
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Post S, Liao S, Yamamoto R, Veenstra JA, Nässel DR, Tatar M. Drosophila insulin-like peptide dilp1 increases lifespan and glucagon-like Akh expression epistatic to dilp2. Aging Cell 2019; 18:e12863. [PMID: 30511458 PMCID: PMC6351851 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin/IGF signaling (IIS) regulates essential processes including development, metabolism, and aging. The Drosophila genome encodes eight insulin/IGF‐like peptide (dilp) paralogs, including tandem‐encoded dilp1 and dilp2. Many reports show that longevity is increased by manipulations that decrease DILP2 levels. It has been shown that dilp1 is expressed primarily in pupal stages, but also during adult reproductive diapause. Here, we find that dilp1 is also highly expressed in adult dilp2 mutants under nondiapause conditions. The inverse expression of dilp1 and dilp2 suggests these genes interact to regulate aging. Here, we study dilp1 and dilp2 single and double mutants to describe epistatic and synergistic interactions affecting longevity, metabolism, and adipokinetic hormone (AKH), the functional homolog of glucagon. Mutants of dilp2 extend lifespan and increase Akh mRNA and protein in a dilp1‐dependent manner. Loss of dilp1 alone has no impact on these traits, whereas transgene expression of dilp1 increases lifespan in dilp1 − dilp2 double mutants. On the other hand, dilp1 and dilp2 redundantly or synergistically interact to control circulating sugar, starvation resistance, and compensatory dilp5 expression. These interactions do not correlate with patterns for how dilp1 and dilp2 affect longevity and AKH. Thus, repression or loss of dilp2 slows aging because its depletion induces dilp1, which acts as a pro‐longevity factor. Likewise, dilp2 regulates Akh through epistatic interaction with dilp1. Akh and glycogen affect aging in Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila. Our data suggest that dilp2 modulates lifespan in part by regulating Akh, and by repressing dilp1, which acts as a pro‐longevity insulin‐like peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Post
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry; Brown University; Providence Rhode Island
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; Brown University; Providence Rhode Island
| | - Sifang Liao
- Department of Zoology; Stockholm University; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Rochele Yamamoto
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; Brown University; Providence Rhode Island
| | - Jan A. Veenstra
- Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d’Aquitaine (CNRS UMR5287); University of Bordeaux; Pessac France
| | - Dick R. Nässel
- Department of Zoology; Stockholm University; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Marc Tatar
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; Brown University; Providence Rhode Island
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Maniyadath B, Chattopadhyay T, Verma S, Kumari S, Kulkarni P, Banerjee K, Lazarus A, Kokane SS, Shetty T, Anamika K, Kolthur-Seetharam U. Loss of Hepatic Oscillatory Fed microRNAs Abrogates Refed Transition and Causes Liver Dysfunctions. Cell Rep 2019; 26:2212-2226.e7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.01.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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582
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Kitano S, Kondo T, Matsuyama R, Ono K, Goto R, Takaki Y, Hanatani S, Sakaguchi M, Igata M, Kawashima J, Motoshima H, Matsumura T, Kai H, Araki E. Impact of hepatic HSP72 on insulin signaling. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 316:E305-E318. [PMID: 30532989 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00215.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Heat shock protein 72 (HSP72) is a major inducible molecule in the heat shock response that enhances intracellular stress tolerance. Decreased expression of HSP72 is observed in type 2 diabetes, which may contribute to the development of insulin resistance and chronic inflammation. We used HSP72 knockout (HSP72-KO) mice to investigate the impact of HSP72 on glucose metabolism and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, particularly in the liver. Under a high-fat diet (HFD) condition, HSP72-KO mice showed glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, impaired insulin secretion, and enhanced hepatic gluconeogenic activity. Furthermore, activity of the c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) was increased and insulin signaling suppressed in the liver. Liver-specific expression of HSP72 by lentivirus (lenti) in HFD-fed HSP72-KO mice ameliorated insulin resistance and hepatic gluconeogenic activity. Furthermore, increased adipocyte size and hepatic steatosis induced by the HFD were suppressed in HSP72-KO lenti-HSP72 mice. Increased JNK activity and ER stress upon HFD were suppressed in the liver as well as the white adipose tissue of HSP72-KO lenti-HSP72 mice. Thus, HSP72 KO caused a deterioration in glucose metabolism, hepatic gluconeogenic activity, and β-cell function. Moreover, liver-specific recovery of HSP72 restored glucose homeostasis. Therefore, hepatic HSP72 may play a critical role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayaka Kitano
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University , Kumamoto , Japan
| | - Tatsuya Kondo
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University , Kumamoto , Japan
| | - Rina Matsuyama
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University , Kumamoto , Japan
| | - Kaoru Ono
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University , Kumamoto , Japan
| | - Rieko Goto
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University , Kumamoto , Japan
| | - Yuki Takaki
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University , Kumamoto , Japan
| | - Satoko Hanatani
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University , Kumamoto , Japan
| | - Masaji Sakaguchi
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University , Kumamoto , Japan
| | - Motoyuki Igata
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University , Kumamoto , Japan
| | - Junji Kawashima
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University , Kumamoto , Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Motoshima
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University , Kumamoto , Japan
| | - Takeshi Matsumura
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University , Kumamoto , Japan
| | - Hirofumi Kai
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Global COE "Cell Fate Regulation Research and Education Unit, " Kumamoto University , Kumamoto , Japan
| | - Eiichi Araki
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University , Kumamoto , Japan
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583
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Klemm P, Frommolt P, Kornfeld JW. s ·nr: a visual analytics framework for contextual analyses of private and public RNA-seq data. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:85. [PMID: 30678634 PMCID: PMC6346532 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-5396-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) has been widely accepted as an essential tool in molecular biology. Reduced costs and automated analysis pipelines make the use of NGS data feasible even for small labs, yet the methods for interpreting the data are not sophisticated enough to account for the amount of information. Results We propose s ·nr, a Visual Analytics tool that provides simple yet powerful visual interfaces for displaying and querying NGS data. It allows researchers to explore their own data in the context of experimental data deposited in public repositories, as well as to extract specific data sets with similar gene expression signatures. We tested s ·nr on 1543 RNA-Seq based mouse differential expression profiles derived from the public ArrayExpress platform. We provide the repository of processed data with this paper. Conclusion s ·nr, easily deployable utilizing its containerized implementation, empowers researchers to analyze and relate their own RNA-Seq as well as to provide interactive and contextual crosstalk with data from public repositories. This allows users to deduce novel and unbiased hypotheses about the underlying molecular processes. Demo Login demo/demo: snr.sf.mpg.de (Tested with Google Chrome) Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-5396-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Klemm
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Gleuler Str. 50, Cologne, 50931, Germany.
| | - Peter Frommolt
- Indivumed Group, Falkenried 88, Bldg. D, Hamburg, D-20251, Germany
| | - Jan-Wilhelm Kornfeld
- University of Southern Denmark, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Campusvej 55, Odense, DK-5230, Denmark
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584
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Zhang X, Yang S, Chen J, Su Z. Unraveling the Regulation of Hepatic Gluconeogenesis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 9:802. [PMID: 30733709 PMCID: PMC6353800 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic gluconeogenesis, de novo glucose synthesis from available precursors, plays a crucial role in maintaining glucose homeostasis to meet energy demands during prolonged starvation in animals. The abnormally increased rate of hepatic gluconeogenesis contributes to hyperglycemia in diabetes. Gluconeogenesis is regulated on multiple levels, such as hormonal secretion, gene transcription, and posttranslational modification. We review here the molecular mechanisms underlying the transcriptional regulation of gluconeogenesis in response to nutritional and hormonal changes. The nutrient state determines the hormone release, which instigates the signaling cascades in the liver to modulate the activities of various transcriptional factors through various post-translational modifications like phosphorylation, methylation, and acetylation. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) can mediate the activities of some transcription factors, however its role in the regulation of gluconeogenesis remains uncertain. Metformin, a primary hypoglycemic agent of type 2 diabetes, ameliorates hyperglycemia predominantly through suppression of hepatic gluconeogenesis. Several molecular mechanisms have been proposed to be metformin's mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Zhiguang Su
- Molecular Medicine Research Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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585
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Pereira VAR, Vedovelli KS, Muller GY, Depieri YF, Avelar DHCG, de Amo AHE, Jimenes DR, Martins JNL, Silvério AC, Gomes CRG, Godoi VAF, Pedrosa MMD. Pros and cons of insulin administration on liver glucose metabolism in strength-trained healthy mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 52:e7637. [PMID: 30698225 PMCID: PMC6345355 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20187637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Non-diabetic individuals use hormones like insulin to improve muscle strength and performance. However, as insulin also leads the liver and the adipose tissue to an anabolic state, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of insulin on liver metabolism in trained non-diabetic Swiss mice. The mice were divided into four groups: sedentary treated with saline (SS) or insulin (SI) and trained treated with saline (TS) or insulin (TI). Training was made in a vertical stair, at 90% of the maximum load, three times per week. Insulin (0.3 U/kg body weight) or saline were given intraperitoneally five times per week. After eight weeks, tissue and blood were collected and in situ liver perfusion with glycerol+lactate or alanine+glutamine (4 mM each) was carried out. The trained animals increased their muscle strength (+100%) and decreased body weight gain (–11%), subcutaneous fat (–42%), mesenteric fat (–45%), and peritoneal adipocyte size (–33%) compared with the sedentary groups. Insulin prevented the adipose effects of training (TI). The gastrocnemius muscle had greater density of muscle fibers (+60%) and less connective tissue in the trained groups. Liver glycogen was increased by insulin (SI +40% and TI +117%), as well as liver basal glucose release (TI +40%). Lactate and pyruvate release were reduced to a half by training. The greater gluconeogenesis from alanine+glutamine induced by training (TS +50%) was reversed by insulin (TI). Insulin administration had no additional effect on muscle strength and reversed some of the lipolytic and gluconeogenic effects of the resistance training. Therefore, insulin administration does not complement training in improving liver glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A R Pereira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brasil
| | - K S Vedovelli
- Especialização em Fisiologia Humana, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brasil
| | - G Y Muller
- Graduação em Educação Física, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brasil
| | - Y F Depieri
- Graduação em Medicina, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brasil
| | - D H C G Avelar
- Graduação em Educação Física, Centro Metropolitano de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brasil
| | - A H E de Amo
- Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brasil
| | - D R Jimenes
- Especialização em Anatomia e Fisiologia, Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brasil
| | - J N L Martins
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brasil
| | - A C Silvério
- Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brasil
| | - C R G Gomes
- Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brasil
| | - V A F Godoi
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brasil
| | - M M D Pedrosa
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brasil
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586
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Hydrogen Sulfide as a Novel Regulatory Factor in Liver Health and Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:3831713. [PMID: 30805080 PMCID: PMC6360590 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3831713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a colorless gas smelling of rotten egg, has long been recognized as a toxic gas and environment pollutant. However, increasing evidence suggests that H2S acts as a novel gasotransmitter and plays important roles in a variety of physiological and pathological processes in mammals. H2S is involved in many hepatic functions, including the regulation of oxidative stress, glucose and lipid metabolism, vasculature, mitochondrial function, differentiation, and circadian rhythm. In addition, H2S contributes to the pathogenesis and treatment of a number of liver diseases, such as hepatic fibrosis, liver cirrhosis, liver cancer, hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, hepatotoxicity, and acute liver failure. In this review, the biosynthesis and metabolism of H2S in the liver are summarized and the role and mechanism of H2S in liver health and disease are further discussed.
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587
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Yang J, Zhang LJ, Wang F, Hong T, Liu Z. Molecular imaging of diabetes and diabetic complications: Beyond pancreatic β-cell targeting. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 139:32-50. [PMID: 30529307 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is a chronic non-communicable disease affecting over 400 million people worldwide. Diabetic patients are at a high risk of various complications, such as cardiovascular, renal, and other diseases. The pathogenesis of diabetes (both type 1 and type 2 diabetes) is associated with a functional impairment of pancreatic β-cells. Consequently, most efforts to manage and prevent diabetes have focused on preserving β-cells and their function. Advances in imaging techniques, such as magnetic resonance imaging, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, positron emission tomography, and single-photon-emission computed tomography, have enabled noninvasive and quantitative detection and characterization of the population and function of β-cells in vivo. These advantages aid in defining and monitoring the progress of diabetes and determining the efficacy of anti-diabetic therapies. Beyond β-cell targeting, molecular imaging of biomarkers associated with the development of diabetes, e.g., lymphocyte infiltration, insulitis, and metabolic changes, may also be a promising strategy for early detection of diabetes, monitoring its progression, and occurrence of complications, as well as facilitating exploration of new therapeutic interventions. Moreover, molecular imaging of glucose uptake, production and excretion in specified tissues is critical for understanding the pathogenesis of diabetes. In the current review, we summarize and discuss recent advances in noninvasive imaging technologies for imaging of biomarkers beyond β-cells for early diagnosis of diabetes, investigation of glucose metabolism, and precise diagnosis and monitoring of diabetic complications for better management of diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jichun Yang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences Peking University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science of the Ministry of Education, Center for Non-coding RNA Medicine, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Long Jiang Zhang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Medical Isotopes Research Center and Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Tianpei Hong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Zhaofei Liu
- Medical Isotopes Research Center and Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.
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588
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Abstract
The epidemic of Type 2 diabetes mellitus necessitates development of novel therapeutic and preventative strategies to attenuate expansion of this debilitating disease. Evidence links the circadian system to various aspects of diabetes pathophysiology and treatment. The aim of this review will be to outline the rationale for therapeutic targeting of the circadian system in the treatment and prevention of Type 2 diabetes mellitus and consequent metabolic comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naureen Javeed
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Aleksey V Matveyenko
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota.,Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota
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589
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Zhang L, Bai M, Tang H, Zhou F, Zhu Q, Wang S, Zhu K, Liu Q, Liu Y, Wang X, Ma Y, Zhou L. Role of hepatic neuregulin 4 in the regulation of gluconeogenesis in mice. Life Sci 2019; 217:185-192. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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590
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Adler M, Korem Kohanim Y, Tendler A, Mayo A, Alon U. Continuum of Gene-Expression Profiles Provides Spatial Division of Labor within a Differentiated Cell Type. Cell Syst 2019; 8:43-52.e5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2018.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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591
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de Oliveira KA, Moreira Gomes MD, Vasconcelos RP, de Abreu ES, Fortunato RS, Carneiro Loureiro AC, Coelho-de-Souza AN, de Oliveira RSB, de Freitas CDT, Ramos MV, de Oliveira AC. Phytomodulatory proteins promote inhibition of hepatic glucose production and favor glycemic control via the AMPK pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 109:2342-2347. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.11.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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592
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Suksangrat T, Phannasil P, Jitrapakdee S. miRNA Regulation of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in Relation to Diabetes and Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1134:129-148. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-12668-1_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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593
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Fan X, Tao J, Zhou Y, Hou Y, Wang Y, Gu D, Su Y, Jang Y, Li S. Investigations on the effects of ginsenoside-Rg1 on glucose uptake and metabolism in insulin resistant HepG2 cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 843:277-284. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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594
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Zhou X, Zhang R, Zou Z, Shen X, Xie T, Xu C, Dong J, Liao L. Hypoglycaemic effects of glimepiride in sulfonylurea receptor 1 deficient rat. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 176:478-490. [PMID: 30471094 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Sulfonylureas (SUs) have been suggested to have an insulin-independent blood glucose-decreasing activity due to an extrapancreatic effect. However, a lack of adequate in vivo evidence makes this statement controversial. Here, we aimed to evaluate whether glimepiride has extrapancreatic blood glucose-lowering activity in vivo. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Sulfonylurea receptor 1 deficient (SUR1-/- ) rats were created by means of transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALEN)-mediated gene targeting technology. Type 2 diabetic models were established by feeding a high-fat diet and administering a low-dose of streptozotocin. These rats were then randomly divided into four groups: glimepiride, gliclazide, metformin and saline. All rats were treated for 2 weeks. KEY RESULTS Glimepiride decreased blood glucose levels and increased insulin sensitivity without elevating insulin levels. Gliclazide showed similar effects as glimepiride. Both agents were weaker than metformin. Further mechanistic investigations revealed that glimepiride increased hepatic glycogen synthesis and decreased gluconeogenesis, which were accompanied by the activation of Akt in the liver. Moreover, glimepiride increased both total and membrane glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) levels in muscle and fat, which might be attributed to insulin receptor-independent IRS1/Akt activation. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Glimepiride possesses an extrapancreatic blood glucose-lowering effect in vivo, which might be attributed to its direct effect on insulin-sensitive tissues. Therefore, the combination of glimepiride with multiple insulin injections should not be excluded per se.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhiwei Zou
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xue Shen
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Tianyue Xie
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Chunmei Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jianjun Dong
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lin Liao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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595
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Wang Z, Dong C. Gluconeogenesis in Cancer: Function and Regulation of PEPCK, FBPase, and G6Pase. Trends Cancer 2018; 5:30-45. [PMID: 30616754 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells display a high rate of glycolysis in the presence of oxygen to promote proliferation. Gluconeogenesis, the reverse pathway of glycolysis, can antagonize aerobic glycolysis in cancer via three key enzymes - phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase), and glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase). Recent studies have revealed that, in addition to metabolic regulation, these enzymes also play a role in signaling, proliferation, and the cancer stem cell (CSC) tumor phenotype. Multifaceted regulation of PEPCK, FBPase, and G6Pase through transcription, epigenetics, post-translational modification, and enzymatic activity is observed in different cancers. We review here the function and regulation of key gluconeogenic enzymes and new therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanyu Wang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, and Department of Surgical Oncology (Breast Center) of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chenfang Dong
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, and Department of Surgical Oncology (Breast Center) of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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596
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Tricò D, Natali A, Arslanian S, Mari A, Ferrannini E. Identification, pathophysiology, and clinical implications of primary insulin hypersecretion in nondiabetic adults and adolescents. JCI Insight 2018; 3:124912. [PMID: 30568042 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.124912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive insulin secretion may lead to glucose dysregulation. Our aim was to identify primary (independent of insulin resistance) insulin hypersecretion in subjects with normal glucose tolerance and its role in the progression of dysglycemia. METHODS In 1,168 adults, insulin secretion rate (ISR) and β cell function were estimated by C-peptide modeling during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and an i.v. glucose tolerance test. Whole-body insulin sensitivity was measured by a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. After regressing ISR on insulin sensitivity, subjects in the upper tertile of the distribution of residuals were defined as primary hypersecretors. This approach was applied to a biethnic cohort of 182 obese adolescents, who received an OGTT, a hyperglycemic, and a euglycemic clamp. RESULTS Adult hypersecretors showed older age, more familial diabetes, sedentary lifestyle, increased fat mass, and worse lipid profile compared with the rest of the cohort, despite virtually identical BMI and insulin sensitivity. Insulin secretion was increased by 53% due to enhanced (+23%) β cell glucose sensitivity. Despite the resulting hyperinsulinemia, glucose tolerance was worse in hypersecretors among both adults and adolescents, coupled with higher indices of liver insulin resistance and increased availability of gluconeogenic substrates. At the 3-year follow-up, adult hypersecretors had increased incidence of impaired glucose tolerance/type 2 diabetes. CONCLUSION Primary insulin hypersecretion, independent of insulin resistance, is associated with a worse clinical and metabolic phenotype in adults and adolescents and predicts deterioration of glucose control over time. FUNDING The relationship between insulin sensitivity and cardiovascular disease (RISC) Study was partly supported by EU grant QLG1-CT-2001-01252.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Tricò
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Institute of Life Sciences, Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Natali
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Silva Arslanian
- Center for Pediatric Research in Obesity and Metabolism, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andrea Mari
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, Padua, Italy
| | - Ele Ferrannini
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
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597
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Theaflavins Improve Insulin Sensitivity through Regulating Mitochondrial Biosynthesis in Palmitic Acid-Induced HepG2 Cells. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23123382. [PMID: 30572687 PMCID: PMC6320999 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Theaflavins, the characteristic and bioactive polyphenols in black tea, possess the potential improving effects on insulin resistance-associated metabolic abnormalities, including obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, the related molecular mechanisms are still unclear. In this research, we investigated the protective effects of theaflavins against insulin resistance in HepG2 cells induced by palmitic acid. Theaflavins significantly increased glucose uptake of insulin-resistant cells at noncytotoxic doses. This activity was mediated by upregulating the total and membrane bound glucose transporter 4 protein expressions, increasing the phosphor-Akt (Ser473) level, and decreasing the phosphorylation of IRS-1 at Ser307. Moreover, theaflavins were found to enhance the mitochondrial DNA copy number, down-regulate the PGC-1β mRNA level and increase the PRC mRNA expression. Mdivi-1, a selective mitochondrial division inhibitor, could attenuate TFs-induced promotion of glucose uptake in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells. Taken together, these results suggested that theaflavins could improve hepatocellular insulin resistance induced by free fatty acids, at least partly through promoting mitochondrial biogenesis. Theaflavins are promising functional food ingredients and medicines for improving insulin resistance-related disorders.
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598
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A single extra copy of Down syndrome critical region 1-4 results in impaired hepatic glucose homeostasis. Mol Metab 2018; 21:82-89. [PMID: 30583978 PMCID: PMC6407364 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives During fasting, hepatic gluconeogenesis is induced to maintain energy homeostasis. Moreover, abnormal dysregulation of hepatic glucose production is commonly observed in type 2 diabetes. However, the signaling components controlling hepatic glucose production to maintain normal glucose levels are not fully understood. Here, we examined the physiological role of Down syndrome critical region 1–4 (DSCR1-4), an endogenous calcineurin signaling inhibitor in the liver that mediates metabolic adaptation to fasting. Methods We assessed the effect of cyclosporine A, an inhibitor of calcineurin signaling on gluconeogenic gene expression in primary hepatocytes. DSCR1-4 expression was examined in diet- and genetically-induced mouse models of obesity. We also investigated the metabolic phenotype of a single extra copy of DSCR1-4 in transgenic mice and how DSCR1-4 regulates glucose homeostasis in the liver. Results Treatment with cyclosporin A increased hepatic glucose production and gluconeogenic gene expression. The expression of DSCR1-4 was induced by refeeding and overexpressed in obese mouse livers. Moreover, transgenic mice with a single extra copy of DSCR1-4 exhibited pyruvate intolerance and impaired glucose homeostasis. Mechanistically, DSCR1-4 overexpression increased phosphorylation of the cAMP response element-binding protein, which led to elevated expression levels of gluconeogenic genes and, thus, enhanced hepatic glucose production during fasting. Conclusion A single extra copy of DSCR1-4 results in dysregulated hepatic glucose homeostasis and pyruvate intolerance. Our findings suggest that nutrient-sensitive DSCR1-4 is a novel target for controlling hepatic gluconeogenesis in diabetes. DSCR1 mRNA and protein levels are increased in livers upon nutrient availability. DSCR1-4 is overexpressed in diet- or genetically induced obesity. DSCR1-4 trisomy mice exhibit impaired glucose homeostasis and pyruvate intolerance. Trisomy of DSCR1-4 leads to increased hepatic glucose production.
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599
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Goedeke L, Bates J, Vatner DF, Perry RJ, Wang T, Ramirez R, Li L, Ellis MW, Zhang D, Wong KE, Beysen C, Cline GW, Ray AS, Shulman GI. Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase Inhibition Reverses NAFLD and Hepatic Insulin Resistance but Promotes Hypertriglyceridemia in Rodents. Hepatology 2018; 68:2197-2211. [PMID: 29790582 PMCID: PMC6251774 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacologic inhibition of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) enzymes, ACC1 and ACC2, offers an attractive therapeutic strategy for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) through simultaneous inhibition of fatty acid synthesis and stimulation of fatty acid oxidation. However, the effects of ACC inhibition on hepatic mitochondrial oxidation, anaplerosis, and ketogenesis in vivo are unknown. Here, we evaluated the effect of a liver-directed allosteric inhibitor of ACC1 and ACC2 (Compound 1) on these parameters, as well as glucose and lipid metabolism, in control and diet-induced rodent models of NAFLD. Oral administration of Compound 1 preferentially inhibited ACC enzymatic activity in the liver, reduced hepatic malonyl-CoA levels, and enhanced hepatic ketogenesis by 50%. Furthermore, administration for 6 days to high-fructose-fed rats resulted in a 20% reduction in hepatic de novo lipogenesis. Importantly, long-term treatment (21 days) significantly reduced high-fat sucrose diet-induced hepatic steatosis, protein kinase C epsilon activation, and hepatic insulin resistance. ACCi treatment was associated with a significant increase in plasma triglycerides (approximately 30% to 130%, depending on the length of fasting). ACCi-mediated hypertriglyceridemia could be attributed to approximately a 15% increase in hepatic very low-density lipoprotein production and approximately a 20% reduction in triglyceride clearance by lipoprotein lipase (P ≤ 0.05). At the molecular level, these changes were associated with increases in liver X receptor/sterol response element-binding protein-1 and decreases in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α target activation and could be reversed with fenofibrate co-treatment in a high-fat diet mouse model. Conclusion: Collectively, these studies warrant further investigation into the therapeutic utility of liver-directed ACC inhibition for the treatment of NAFLD and hepatic insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh Goedeke
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven CT, 06520
| | | | - Daniel F. Vatner
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven CT, 06520
| | - Rachel J. Perry
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven CT, 06520
| | - Ting Wang
- Gilead Sciences Inc., Foster City CA 94404
| | | | - Li Li
- Gilead Sciences Inc., Foster City CA 94404
| | - Matthew W. Ellis
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven CT 06520
| | - Dongyan Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven CT, 06520
| | | | | | - Gary W. Cline
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven CT, 06520
| | | | - Gerald I. Shulman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven CT, 06520,Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven CT 06520,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven CT 06520
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Chi Y, Meng Y, Wang J, Yang W, Wu Z, Li M, Wang D, Gao F, Geng B, Tie L, Zhang W, Yang J. FAM3B (PANDER) functions as a co-activator of FOXO1 to promote gluconeogenesis in hepatocytes. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 23:1746-1758. [PMID: 30488666 PMCID: PMC6378191 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
FAM3B, also known as PANcreatic DERived factor (PANDER), promotes gluconeogenesis and lipogenesis in hepatocytes. However, the underlying mechanism(s) still remains largely unclear. This study determined the mechanism of PANDER-induced FOXO1 activation in hepatocytes. In mouse livers and cultured hepatocytes, PANDER protein is located in both the cytoplasm and nucleus. Nuclear PANDER distribution was increased in the livers of obese mice. In cultured mouse and human hepatocytes, PANDER was co-localized with FOXO1 in the nucleus. PANDER directly interacted with FOXO1 in mouse and human hepatocytes. PANDER overexpression enhanced PANDER-FOXO1 interaction, and detained FOXO1 in the nucleus upon insulin stimulation in hepatocytes. With the increase in PANDER-FOXO1 interaction, PANDER overexpression upregulated the expression of gluconeogenic genes and promoted gluconeogenesis in both human and mouse hepatocytes. Luciferase reporter assays further revealed that PANDER augmented the transcriptional activity of FOXO1 on gluconeogenic genes. Moreover, PANDER overexpression also interfered the binding of AS1842856, a specific FOXO1 inhibitor, with FOXO1, and impaired its inhibitory effects on gluconeogenic gene expression and gluconeogenesis in hepatocytes. siRNA mediated-silencing of FOXO1 inhibited PANDER-promoted gluconeogenic gene expression and glucose production in hepatocytes. In conclusion, PANDER protein is abundantly present in the nucleus, where it functions as a new co-activator of FOXO1 to induce gluconeogenic gene expression in hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Chi
- Department of Central Laboratory & Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhong Meng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science of the Ministry of Education, Center for Non-coding RNA Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Junpei Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science of the Ministry of Education, Center for Non-coding RNA Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Weili Yang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science of the Ministry of Education, Center for Non-coding RNA Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Mei Li
- Department of Central Laboratory & Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Di Wang
- Department of Central Laboratory & Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fangfang Gao
- Department of Central Laboratory & Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Hypertension Center, Fuwai Hospital, CAMS and PUMC, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Tie
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Weiping Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jichun Yang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science of the Ministry of Education, Center for Non-coding RNA Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
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