551
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Sang Q, Shan X, An Y, Shu S, Sun J, Guo S. Proteomic Analysis Reveals the Positive Effect of Exogenous Spermidine in Tomato Seedlings' Response to High-Temperature Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:120. [PMID: 28220137 PMCID: PMC5292424 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Polyamines are phytohormones that regulate plant growth and development as well as the response to environmental stresses. To evaluate their functions in high-temperature stress responses, the effects of exogenous spermidine (Spd) were determined in tomato leaves using two-dimensional electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF/TOF MS. A total of 67 differentially expressed proteins were identified in response to high-temperature stress and/or exogenous Spd, which were grouped into different categories according to biological processes. The four largest categories included proteins involved in photosynthesis (27%), cell rescue, and defense (24%), protein synthesis, folding and degradation (22%), and energy and metabolism (13%). Exogenous Spd up-regulated most identified proteins involved in photosynthesis, implying an enhancement in photosynthetic capacity. Meanwhile, physiological analysis showed that Spd could improve net photosynthetic rate and the biomass accumulation. Moreover, an increased high-temperature stress tolerance by exogenous Spd would contribute to the higher expressions of proteins involved in cell rescue and defense, and Spd regulated the antioxidant enzymes activities and related genes expression in tomato seedlings exposed to high temperature. Taken together, these findings provide a better understanding of the Spd-induced high-temperature resistance by proteomic approaches, providing valuable insight into improving the high-temperature stress tolerance in the global warming epoch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinqin Sang
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Xi Shan
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Yahong An
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Sheng Shu
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Jin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
- Nanjing Agricultural University (Suqian), Academy of Protected HorticultureSuqian, China
| | - Shirong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
- Nanjing Agricultural University (Suqian), Academy of Protected HorticultureSuqian, China
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552
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Jiang J, Liu X, Liu C, Liu G, Li S, Wang L. Integrating Omics and Alternative Splicing Reveals Insights into Grape Response to High Temperature. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 173:1502-1518. [PMID: 28049741 PMCID: PMC5291026 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.01305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress is one of the primary abiotic stresses that limit crop production. Grape (Vitis vinifera) is a cultivated fruit with high economic value throughout the world, with its growth and development often influenced by high temperature. Alternative splicing (AS) is a widespread phenomenon increasing transcriptome and proteome diversity. We conducted high-temperature treatments (35°C, 40°C, and 45°C) on grapevines and assessed transcriptomic (especially AS) and proteomic changes in leaves. We found that nearly 70% of the genes were alternatively spliced under high temperature. Intron retention (IR), exon skipping, and alternative donor/acceptor sites were markedly induced under different high temperatures. Among all differential AS events, IR was the most abundant up- and down-regulated event. Moreover, the occurrence frequency of IR events at 40°C and 45°C was far higher than at 35°C. These results indicated that AS, especially IR, is an important posttranscriptional regulatory event during grape leaf responses to high temperature. Proteomic analysis showed that protein levels of the RNA-binding proteins SR45, SR30, and SR34 and the nuclear ribonucleic protein U1A gradually rose as ambient temperature increased, which revealed a reason why AS events occurred more frequently under high temperature. After integrating transcriptomic and proteomic data, we found that heat shock proteins and some important transcription factors such as MULTIPROTEIN BRIDGING FACTOR1c and HEAT SHOCK TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR A2 were involved mainly in heat tolerance in grape through up-regulating transcriptional (especially modulated by AS) and translational levels. To our knowledge, these results provide the first evidence for grape leaf responses to high temperature at simultaneous transcriptional, posttranscriptional, and translational levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfu Jiang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute (J.J., C.L.), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China; and
- Institute of Botany (X.L., G.L., S.L., L.W.), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Xinna Liu
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute (J.J., C.L.), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China; and
- Institute of Botany (X.L., G.L., S.L., L.W.), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Chonghuai Liu
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute (J.J., C.L.), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China; and
- Institute of Botany (X.L., G.L., S.L., L.W.), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Guotian Liu
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute (J.J., C.L.), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China; and
- Institute of Botany (X.L., G.L., S.L., L.W.), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Shaohua Li
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute (J.J., C.L.), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China; and
- Institute of Botany (X.L., G.L., S.L., L.W.), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Lijun Wang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute (J.J., C.L.), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China; and
- Institute of Botany (X.L., G.L., S.L., L.W.), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
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553
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Siddiqui MF, Ahmed A, Bano B. Insight into the biochemical, kinetic and spectroscopic characterization of garlic (Allium sativum) phytocystatin: Implication for cardiovascular disease. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 95:734-742. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.11.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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554
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Marias DE, Meinzer FC, Still C. Impacts of leaf age and heat stress duration on photosynthetic gas exchange and foliar nonstructural carbohydrates in Coffea arabica. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:1297-1310. [PMID: 28303198 PMCID: PMC5306013 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Given future climate predictions of increased temperature, and frequency and intensity of heat waves in the tropics, suitable habitat to grow ecologically, economically, and socially valuable Coffea arabica is severely threatened. We investigated how leaf age and heat stress duration impact recovery from heat stress in C. arabica. Treated plants were heated in a growth chamber at 49°C for 45 or 90 min. Physiological recovery was monitored in situ using gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence (the ratio of variable to maximum fluorescence, FV/FM), and leaf nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) on mature and expanding leaves before and 2, 15, 25, and 50 days after treatment. Regardless of leaf age, the 90-min treatment resulted in greater FV/FM reduction 2 days after treatment and slower recovery than the 45-min treatment. In both treatments, photosynthesis of expanding leaves recovered more slowly than in mature leaves. Stomatal conductance (gs) decreased in expanding leaves but did not change in mature leaves. These responses led to reduced intrinsic water-use efficiency with increasing heat stress duration in both age classes. Based on a leaf energy balance model, aftereffects of heat stress would be exacerbated by increases in leaf temperature at low gs under full sunlight where C. arabica is often grown, but also under partial sunlight. Starch and total NSC content of the 45-min group significantly decreased 2 days after treatment and then accumulated 15 and 25 days after treatment coinciding with recovery of photosynthesis and FV/FM. In contrast, sucrose of the 90-min group accumulated at day 2 suggesting that phloem transport was inhibited. Both treatment group responses contrasted with control plant total NSC and starch, which declined with time associated with subsequent flower and fruit production. No treated plants produced flowers or fruits, suggesting that short duration heat stress can lead to crop failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle E. Marias
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and SocietyOregon State UniversityCorvallisORUSA
| | | | - Christopher Still
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and SocietyOregon State UniversityCorvallisORUSA
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555
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Distéfano AM, Martin MV, Córdoba JP, Bellido AM, D'Ippólito S, Colman SL, Soto D, Roldán JA, Bartoli CG, Zabaleta EJ, Fiol DF, Stockwell BR, Dixon SJ, Pagnussat GC. Heat stress induces ferroptosis-like cell death in plants. J Cell Biol 2017; 216:463-476. [PMID: 28100685 PMCID: PMC5294777 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201605110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In plants, regulated cell death (RCD) plays critical roles during development and is essential for plant-specific responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent, oxidative, nonapoptotic form of cell death recently described in animal cells. In animal cells, this process can be triggered by depletion of glutathione (GSH) and accumulation of lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS). We investigated whether a similar process could be relevant to cell death in plants. Remarkably, heat shock (HS)-induced RCD, but not reproductive or vascular development, was found to involve a ferroptosis-like cell death process. In root cells, HS triggered an iron-dependent cell death pathway that was characterized by depletion of GSH and ascorbic acid and accumulation of cytosolic and lipid ROS. These results suggest a physiological role for this lethal pathway in response to heat stress in Arabidopsis thaliana The similarity of ferroptosis in animal cells and ferroptosis-like death in plants suggests that oxidative, iron-dependent cell death programs may be evolutionarily ancient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayelén Mariana Distéfano
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - María Victoria Martin
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Juan Pablo Córdoba
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Andrés Martín Bellido
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Sebastián D'Ippólito
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Silvana Lorena Colman
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Débora Soto
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Juan Alfredo Roldán
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Carlos Guillermo Bartoli
- Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de La Plata Centro Científico Technológico La Plata CONICET, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Eduardo Julián Zabaleta
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Diego Fernando Fiol
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Brent R Stockwell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027.,Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
| | - Scott J Dixon
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Gabriela Carolina Pagnussat
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
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556
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Marín-Guirao L, Entrambasaguas L, Dattolo E, Ruiz JM, Procaccini G. Molecular Mechanisms behind the Physiological Resistance to Intense Transient Warming in an Iconic Marine Plant. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1142. [PMID: 28706528 PMCID: PMC5489684 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The endemic Mediterranean seagrass Posidonia oceanica is highly threatened by the increased frequency and intensity of heatwaves. Meadows of the species offer a unique opportunity to unravel mechanisms marine plants activate to cope transient warming, since their wide depth distribution impose divergent heat-tolerance. Understanding these mechanisms is imperative for their conservation. Shallow and deep genotypes within the same population were exposed to a simulated heatwave in mesocosms, to analyze their transcriptomic and photo-physiological responses during and after the exposure. Shallow plants, living in a more unstable thermal environment, optimized phenotype variation in response to warming. These plants showed a pre-adaptation of genes in anticipation of stress. Shallow plants also showed a stronger activation of heat-responsive genes and the exclusive activation of genes involved in epigenetic mechanisms and in molecular mechanisms that are behind their higher photosynthetic stability and respiratory acclimation. Deep plants experienced higher heat-induced damage and activated metabolic processes for obtaining extra energy from sugars and amino acids, likely to support the higher protein turnover induced by heat. In this study we identify transcriptomic mechanisms that may facilitate persistence of seagrasses to anomalous warming events and we discovered that P. oceanica plants from above and below the mean depth of the summer thermocline have differential resilience to heat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lazaro Marín-Guirao
- Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton DohrnNaples, Italy
- *Correspondence: Lazaro Marín-Guirao
| | | | - Emanuela Dattolo
- Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton DohrnNaples, Italy
| | - Juan M. Ruiz
- Seagrass Ecology Group, Oceanographic Center of Murcia, Spanish Institute of OceanographyMurcia, Spain
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557
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Collier CJ, Ow YX, Langlois L, Uthicke S, Johansson CL, O'Brien KR, Hrebien V, Adams MP. Optimum Temperatures for Net Primary Productivity of Three Tropical Seagrass Species. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1446. [PMID: 28878790 PMCID: PMC5572403 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Rising sea water temperature will play a significant role in responses of the world's seagrass meadows to climate change. In this study, we investigated seasonal and latitudinal variation (spanning more than 1,500 km) in seagrass productivity, and the optimum temperatures at which maximum photosynthesis and net productivity (for the leaf and the whole plant) occurs, for three seagrass species (Cymodocea serrulata, Halodule uninervis, and Zostera muelleri). To obtain whole plant net production, photosynthesis, and respiration rates of leaves and the root/rhizome complex were measured using oxygen-sensitive optodes in closed incubation chambers at temperatures ranging from 15 to 43°C. The temperature-dependence of photosynthesis and respiration was fitted to empirical models to obtain maximum metabolic rates and thermal optima. The thermal optimum (Topt) for gross photosynthesis of Z. muelleri, which is more commonly distributed in sub-tropical to temperate regions, was 31°C. The Topt for photosynthesis of the tropical species, H. uninervis and C. serrulata, was considerably higher (35°C on average). This suggests that seagrass species are adapted to water temperature within their distributional range; however, when comparing among latitudes and seasons, thermal optima within a species showed limited acclimation to ambient water temperature (Topt varied by 1°C in C. serrulata and 2°C in H. uninervis, and the variation did not follow changes in ambient water temperature). The Topt for gross photosynthesis were higher than Topt calculated from plant net productivity, which includes above- and below-ground respiration for Z. muelleri (24°C) and H. uninervis (33°C), but remained unchanged at 35°C in C. serrulata. Both estimated plant net productivity and Topt are sensitive to the proportion of below-ground biomass, highlighting the need for consideration of below- to above-ground biomass ratios when applying thermal optima to other meadows. The thermal optimum for plant net productivity was lower than ambient summer water temperature in Z. muelleri, indicating likely contemporary heat stress. In contrast, thermal optima of H. uninervis and C. serrulata exceeded ambient water temperature. This study found limited capacity to acclimate: thus the thermal optima can forewarn of both the present and future vulnerability to ocean warming during periods of elevated water temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine J. Collier
- Centre for Tropical Water and Aquatic Ecosystem Research, James Cook University CairnsCairns, QLD, Australia
- *Correspondence: Catherine J. Collier
| | - Yan X. Ow
- Centre for Tropical Water and Aquatic Ecosystem Research, James Cook University CairnsCairns, QLD, Australia
- College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University TownsvilleTownsville, QLD, Australia
- Australian Institute of Marine ScienceTownsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Lucas Langlois
- Centre for Tropical Water and Aquatic Ecosystem Research, James Cook University CairnsCairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Sven Uthicke
- Australian Institute of Marine ScienceTownsville, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Katherine R. O'Brien
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of QueenslandBrisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Victoria Hrebien
- College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University TownsvilleTownsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Matthew P. Adams
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of QueenslandBrisbane, QLD, Australia
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558
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Sita K, Sehgal A, HanumanthaRao B, Nair RM, Vara Prasad PV, Kumar S, Gaur PM, Farooq M, Siddique KHM, Varshney RK, Nayyar H. Food Legumes and Rising Temperatures: Effects, Adaptive Functional Mechanisms Specific to Reproductive Growth Stage and Strategies to Improve Heat Tolerance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017. [PMID: 29123532 DOI: 10.3389/flps.2017.01658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Ambient temperatures are predicted to rise in the future owing to several reasons associated with global climate changes. These temperature increases can result in heat stress- a severe threat to crop production in most countries. Legumes are well-known for their impact on agricultural sustainability as well as their nutritional and health benefits. Heat stress imposes challenges for legume crops and has deleterious effects on the morphology, physiology, and reproductive growth of plants. High-temperature stress at the time of the reproductive stage is becoming a severe limitation for production of grain legumes as their cultivation expands to warmer environments and temperature variability increases due to climate change. The reproductive period is vital in the life cycle of all plants and is susceptible to high-temperature stress as various metabolic processes are adversely impacted during this phase, which reduces crop yield. Food legumes exposed to high-temperature stress during reproduction show flower abortion, pollen and ovule infertility, impaired fertilization, and reduced seed filling, leading to smaller seeds and poor yields. Through various breeding techniques, heat tolerance in major legumes can be enhanced to improve performance in the field. Omics approaches unravel different mechanisms underlying thermotolerance, which is imperative to understand the processes of molecular responses toward high-temperature stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumari Sita
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | | | | | | | - P V Vara Prasad
- Sustainable Intensification Innovation Lab, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Shiv Kumar
- International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Pooran M Gaur
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Hyderabad, India
| | - Muhammad Farooq
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Kadambot H M Siddique
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Rajeev K Varshney
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Hyderabad, India
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Harsh Nayyar
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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559
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Improvement of Sorghum Crop through Exogenous Application of Natural Growth-Promoting Substances under a Changing Climate. SUSTAINABILITY 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/su8121330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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560
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Glotter M, Elliott J. Simulating US agriculture in a modern Dust Bowl drought. NATURE PLANTS 2016; 3:16193. [PMID: 27941818 DOI: 10.1038/nplants.2016.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Drought-induced agricultural loss is one of the most costly impacts of extreme weather1-3, and without mitigation, climate change is likely to increase the severity and frequency of future droughts4,5. The Dust Bowl of the 1930s was the driest and hottest for agriculture in modern US history. Improvements in farming practices have increased productivity, but yields today are still tightly linked to climate variation6 and the impacts of a 1930s-type drought on current and future agricultural systems remain unclear. Simulations of biophysical process and empirical models suggest that Dust-Bowl-type droughts today would have unprecedented consequences, with yield losses ∼50% larger than the severe drought of 2012. Damages at these extremes are highly sensitive to temperature, worsening by ∼25% with each degree centigrade of warming. We find that high temperatures can be more damaging than rainfall deficit, and, without adaptation, warmer mid-century temperatures with even average precipitation could lead to maize losses equivalent to the Dust Bowl drought. Warmer temperatures alongside consecutive droughts could make up to 85% of rain-fed maize at risk of changes that may persist for decades. Understanding the interactions of weather extremes and a changing agricultural system is therefore critical to effectively respond to, and minimize, the impacts of the next extreme drought event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Glotter
- Department of the Geophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, 5734 S Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Joshua Elliott
- NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, 2880 Broadway, New York, New York 10025, USA
- Computation Institute, University of Chicago, 5735 S Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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561
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562
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Exogenous glutathione improves high root-zone temperature tolerance by modulating photosynthesis, antioxidant and osmolytes systems in cucumber seedlings. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35424. [PMID: 27752105 PMCID: PMC5067582 DOI: 10.1038/srep35424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the physiological responses of plants to high root-zone temperature (HT, 35 °C) stress mitigated by exogenous glutathione (GSH), cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) seedlings were exposed to HT with or without GSH treatment for 4 days and following with 4 days of recovery. Plant physiological variables, growth, and gene expression related to antioxidant enzymes and Calvin cycle were quantified. The results showed that HT significantly decreased GSH content, the ratio of reduced to oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG), chlorophyll content, photosynthesis and related gene expression, shoot height, stem diameter, as well as dry weight. The exogenous GSH treatment clearly lessened the HT stress by increasing the above variables. Meanwhile, HT significantly increased soluble protein content, proline and malondialdehyde (MDA) content as well as O2•− production rate, the gene expression and activities of antioxidant enzymes. The GSH treatment remarkably improved soluble protein content, proline content, antioxidant enzymes activities, and antioxidant enzymes related gene expression, and reduced the MDA content and O2•− production rate compared to no GSH treatment in the HT condition. Our results suggest that exogenous GSH enhances cucumber seedling tolerance of HT stress by modulating the photosynthesis, antioxidant and osmolytes systems to improve physiological adaptation.
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563
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Carmody M, Waszczak C, Idänheimo N, Saarinen T, Kangasjärvi J. ROS signalling in a destabilised world: A molecular understanding of climate change. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 203:69-83. [PMID: 27364884 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2016.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Climate change results in increased intensity and frequency of extreme abiotic and biotic stress events. In plants, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulate in proportion to the level of stress and are major signalling and regulatory metabolites coordinating growth, defence, acclimation and cell death. Our knowledge of ROS homeostasis, sensing, and signalling is therefore key to understanding the impacts of climate change at the molecular level. Current research is uncovering new insights into temporal-spatial, cell-to-cell and systemic ROS signalling pathways, particularly how these affect plant growth, defence, and more recently acclimation mechanisms behind stress priming and long term stress memory. Understanding the stabilising and destabilising factors of ROS homeostasis and signalling in plants exposed to extreme and fluctuating stress will concomitantly reveal how to address future climate change challenges in global food security and biodiversity management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Carmody
- Division of Plant Biology, Viikki Plant Science Centre, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Cezary Waszczak
- Division of Plant Biology, Viikki Plant Science Centre, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Niina Idänheimo
- Division of Plant Biology, Viikki Plant Science Centre, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Timo Saarinen
- Division of Plant Biology, Viikki Plant Science Centre, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Jaakko Kangasjärvi
- Division of Plant Biology, Viikki Plant Science Centre, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; Distinguished Scientist Fellowship Program, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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564
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Waqas M, Khan AL, Shahzad R, Ullah I, Khan AR, Lee IJ. Mutualistic fungal endophytes produce phytohormones and organic acids that promote japonica rice plant growth under prolonged heat stress. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2016; 16:1011-8. [PMID: 26642184 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1500081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This study identifies the potential role in heat-stress mitigation of phytohormones and other secondary metabolites produced by the endophytic fungus Paecilomyces formosus LWL1 in japonica rice cultivar Dongjin. The japonica rice was grown in controlled chamber conditions with and without P. formosus LWL1 under no stress (NS) and prolonged heat stress (HS) conditions. Endophytic association under NS and HS conditions significantly improved plant growth attributes, such as plant height, fresh weight, dry weight, and chlorophyll content. Furthermore, P. formosus LWL1 protected the rice plants from HS compared with controls, indicated by the lower endogenous level of stress-signaling compounds such as abscisic acid (25.71%) and jasmonic acid (34.57%) and the increase in total protein content (18.76%-33.22%). Such fungal endophytes may be helpful for sustainable crop production under high environmental temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Waqas
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea.,Department of Agriculture Extension, Buner 19290, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Latif Khan
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea.,UoN Chair of Oman's Medicinal Plants & Marine Natural Products, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Oman
| | - Raheem Shahzad
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ihsan Ullah
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, the University of Agriculture, Peshawar 25130, Pakistan
| | - Abdur Rahim Khan
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Jung Lee
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
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565
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Ahmad P, Abdel Latef AAH, Rasool S, Akram NA, Ashraf M, Gucel S. Role of Proteomics in Crop Stress Tolerance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1336. [PMID: 27660631 PMCID: PMC5014855 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Plants often experience various biotic and abiotic stresses during their life cycle. The abiotic stresses include mainly drought, salt, temperature (low/high), flooding and nutritional deficiency/excess which hamper crop growth and yield to a great extent. In view of a projection 50% of the crop loss is attributable to abiotic stresses. However, abiotic stresses cause a myriad of changes in physiological, molecular and biochemical processes operating in plants. It is now widely reported that several proteins respond to these stresses at pre- and post-transcriptional and translational levels. By knowing the role of these stress inducible proteins, it would be easy to comprehensively expound the processes of stress tolerance in plants. The proteomics study offers a new approach to discover proteins and pathways associated with crop physiological and stress responses. Thus, studying the plants at proteomic levels could help understand the pathways involved in stress tolerance. Furthermore, improving the understanding of the identified key metabolic proteins involved in tolerance can be implemented into biotechnological applications, regarding recombinant/transgenic formation. Additionally, the investigation of identified metabolic processes ultimately supports the development of antistress strategies. In this review, we discussed the role of proteomics in crop stress tolerance. We also discussed different abiotic stresses and their effects on plants, particularly with reference to stress-induced expression of proteins, and how proteomics could act as vital biotechnological tools for improving stress tolerance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvaiz Ahmad
- Department of Botany, Sri Pratap CollegeSrinagar, India
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, King Saud UniversityRiyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arafat A. H. Abdel Latef
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, South Valley UniversityQena, Egypt
- Department of Biology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif UniversityTurubah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Nudrat A. Akram
- Department of Botany, Government College UniversityFaisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ashraf
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, King Saud UniversityRiyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Pakistan Science FoundationIslamabad, Pakistan
| | - Salih Gucel
- Centre for Environmental Research, Near East UniversityNicosia, Cyprus
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566
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Fatihi A, Boulard C, Bouyer D, Baud S, Dubreucq B, Lepiniec L. Deciphering and modifying LAFL transcriptional regulatory network in seed for improving yield and quality of storage compounds. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 250:198-204. [PMID: 27457996 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2016.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Increasing yield and quality of seed storage compounds in a sustainable way is a key challenge for our societies. Genome-wide analyses conducted in both monocot and dicot angiosperms emphasized drastic transcriptional switches that occur during seed development. In Arabidopsis thaliana, a reference species, genetic and molecular analyses have demonstrated the key role of LAFL (LEC1, ABI3, FUS3, and LEC2) transcription factors (TFs), in controlling gene expression programs essential to accomplish seed maturation and the accumulation of storage compounds. Here, we summarize recent progress obtained in the characterization of these LAFL proteins, their regulation, partners and target genes. Moreover, we illustrate how these evolutionary conserved TFs can be used to engineer new crops with altered seed compositions and point out the current limitations. Last, we discuss about the interest of investigating further the environmental and epigenetic regulation of this network for the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelhak Fatihi
- IJPB, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, 78026, Versailles Cedex, France.
| | - Céline Boulard
- IJPB, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, 78026, Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Daniel Bouyer
- Institut de Biologie de l'ENS, CNRS UMR8197, Ecole Normale Supérieure, 46 rue d'Ulm, 75230, Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Sébastien Baud
- IJPB, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, 78026, Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Bertrand Dubreucq
- IJPB, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, 78026, Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Loïc Lepiniec
- IJPB, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, 78026, Versailles Cedex, France.
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567
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Nankishore A, Farrell AD. The response of contrasting tomato genotypes to combined heat and drought stress. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 202:75-82. [PMID: 27467552 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2016.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Efforts to maximize yields of food crops can be undermined by abiotic stress factors, particularly those related to climate change. Here, we use a range of physiological methods to detect the individual and combined effects of heat and drought stress on three contrasting varieties of tomato: Hybrid 61, Moskvich, and Nagcarlang. Seedlings were acclimated under the following treatment regimes: CONTROL (25-36°C; well-watered), DRY (25-36°C; 20% field capacity), HOT (25-42°C; well-watered) and HOT+DRY (25-42°C; 20% field capacity). In each treatment, stomatal conductance, leaf temperature, chlorophyll content, and several chlorophyll fluorescence variables (both in situ and in vitro following a heat shock treatment) were measured. Plants from the HOT treatment remained statistically similar to the CONTROL plants in most of the measured parameters, while those from the DRY treatment and especially the HOT+DRY treatment showed clear effects of abiotic stress. Hybrid 61 showed considerable resilience to heat and drought stress compared to the other varieties, with significantly cooler leaves (one day after treatments imposed) and significantly higher Fv/Fm values both in situ and in vitro. The genotypic differences in resilience to heat stress were only apparent under water-limited conditions, highlighting the need to consider leaf temperature rather than air temperature when testing for tolerance to heat stress. The most effective parameters for discriminating genotypic variation in heat and drought stress were in vitro Fv/Fm and chlorophyll content.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aidan D Farrell
- Department of Life Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, Trinidad and Tobago.
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568
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Levin RA, Beltran VH, Hill R, Kjelleberg S, McDougald D, Steinberg PD, van Oppen MJH. Sex, Scavengers, and Chaperones: Transcriptome Secrets of Divergent Symbiodinium Thermal Tolerances. Mol Biol Evol 2016; 33:2201-15. [PMID: 27301593 PMCID: PMC4989115 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msw119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Corals rely on photosynthesis by their endosymbiotic dinoflagellates (Symbiodinium spp.) to form the basis of tropical coral reefs. High sea surface temperatures driven by climate change can trigger the loss of Symbiodinium from corals (coral bleaching), leading to declines in coral health. Different putative species (genetically distinct types) as well as conspecific populations of Symbiodinium can confer differing levels of thermal tolerance to their coral host, but the genes that govern dinoflagellate thermal tolerance are unknown. Here we show physiological and transcriptional responses to heat stress by a thermo-sensitive (physiologically susceptible at 32 °C) type C1 Symbiodinium population and a thermo-tolerant (physiologically healthy at 32 °C) type C1 Symbiodinium population. After nine days at 32 °C, neither population exhibited physiological stress, but both displayed up-regulation of meiosis genes by ≥ 4-fold and enrichment of meiosis functional gene groups, which promote adaptation. After 13 days at 32 °C, the thermo-sensitive population suffered a significant decrease in photosynthetic efficiency and increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) leakage from its cells, whereas the thermo-tolerant population showed no signs of physiological stress. Correspondingly, only the thermo-tolerant population demonstrated up-regulation of a range of ROS scavenging and molecular chaperone genes by ≥ 4-fold and enrichment of ROS scavenging and protein-folding functional gene groups. The physiological and transcriptional responses of the Symbiodinium populations to heat stress directly correlate with the bleaching susceptibilities of corals that harbored these same Symbiodinium populations. Thus, our study provides novel, foundational insights into the molecular basis of dinoflagellate thermal tolerance and coral bleaching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Levin
- Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia School of Biological Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Victor H Beltran
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville MC, QLD, Australia
| | - Ross Hill
- Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Staffan Kjelleberg
- Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Diane McDougald
- Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore The iThree Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter D Steinberg
- Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia School of Biological Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, NSW, Australia
| | - Madeleine J H van Oppen
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville MC, QLD, Australia School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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569
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Increase of Chamazulene and α-Bisabolol Contents of the Essential Oil of German Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) Using Salicylic Acid Treatments under Normal and Heat Stress Conditions. Foods 2016; 5:foods5030056. [PMID: 28231151 PMCID: PMC5302395 DOI: 10.3390/foods5030056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The chamazulene and α-(-)-bisabolol contents and quality of the chamomile oil are affected by genetic background and environmental conditions. Salicylic acid (SA), as a signaling molecule, plays a significant role in the plant physiological processes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the chemical profile, quantity, and improve the essential oil quality as a consequence of the increase of chamazulene and α-(-)-bisabol using salicylic acid under normal and heat stress conditions by the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique. The factorial experiments were carried out during the 2011-2012 hot season using a randomized complete block design with three replications. The factors include four salicylic acid concentrations (0 (control), 10, 25 and 100 mg·L-1), and three chamomile cultivars (Bushehr, Bona, Bodegold) were sown on two different planting dates under field conditions. Fourteen compounds were identified from the extracted oil of the samples treated with salicylic acid under normal and heat stress conditions. The major identified oil compositions from chamomile cultivars treated with salicylic acid were chamazulene, α-(-)-bisabolol, bisabolone oxide, β-farnesene, en-yn-dicycloether, and bisabolol oxide A and B. Analysis of variance showed that the simple effects (environmental conditions, cultivar and salicylic acid) and their interaction were significant on all identified compounds, but the environmental conditions had no significant effect on bisabolol oxide A. The greatest amount of chamazulene obtained was 6.66% at the concentration of 10 mg·L-1 SA for the Bona cultivar under heat stress conditions, whereas the highest α-(-)-bisabolol amount attained was 3.41% at the concentration of 100 mg·L-1 SA for the Bona cultivar under normal conditions. The results demonstrated that the application of exogenous salicylic acid increases the quantity and essential oil quality as a consequence of the increase of chamazulene and α-(-)-bisabolol under normal and heat stress conditions.
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570
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Gray SB, Brady SM. Plant developmental responses to climate change. Dev Biol 2016; 419:64-77. [PMID: 27521050 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2016.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is multi-faceted, and includes changing concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, rising temperatures, changes in precipitation patterns, and increasing frequency of extreme weather events. Here, we focus on the effects of rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations, rising temperature, and drought stress and their interaction on plant developmental processes in leaves, roots, and in reproductive structures. While in some cases these responses are conserved across species, such as decreased root elongation, perturbation of root growth angle and reduced seed yield in response to drought, or an increase in root biomass in shallow soil in response to elevated CO2, most responses are variable within and between species and are dependent on developmental stage. These variable responses include species-specific thresholds that arrest development of reproductive structures, reduce root growth rate and the rate of leaf initiation and expansion in response to elevated temperature. Leaf developmental responses to elevated CO2 vary by cell type and by species. Variability also exists between C3 and C4 species in response to elevated CO2, especially in terms of growth and seed yield stimulation. At the molecular level, significantly less is understood regarding conservation and variability in molecular mechanisms underlying these traits. Abscisic acid-mediated changes in cell wall expansion likely underlie reductions in growth rate in response to drought, and changes in known regulators of flowering time likely underlie altered reproductive transitions in response to elevated temperature and CO2. Genes that underlie most other organ or tissue-level responses have largely only been identified in a single species in response to a single stress and their level of conservation is unknown. We conclude that there is a need for further research regarding the molecular mechanisms of plant developmental responses to climate change factors in general, and that this lack of data is particularly prevalent in the case of interactive effects of multiple climate change factors. As future growing conditions will likely expose plants to multiple climate change factors simultaneously, with a sum negative influence on global agriculture, further research in this area is critical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon B Gray
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, 2243 Life Sciences Addition, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Siobhan M Brady
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, 2243 Life Sciences Addition, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Genome Center, University of California, Davis, 451 Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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571
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Rienth M, Torregrosa L, Sarah G, Ardisson M, Brillouet JM, Romieu C. Temperature desynchronizes sugar and organic acid metabolism in ripening grapevine fruits and remodels their transcriptome. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 16:164. [PMID: 27439426 PMCID: PMC4955140 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-016-0850-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fruit composition at harvest is strongly dependent on the temperature during the grapevine developmental cycle. This raises serious concerns regarding the sustainability of viticulture and the socio-economic repercussions of global warming for many regions where the most heat-tolerant varieties are already cultivated. Despite recent progress, the direct and indirect effects of temperature on fruit development are far from being understood. Experimental limitations such as fluctuating environmental conditions, intra-cluster heterogeneity and the annual reproductive cycle introduce unquantifiable biases for gene expression and physiological studies with grapevine. In the present study, DRCF grapevine mutants (microvine) were grown under several temperature regimes in duly-controlled environmental conditions. A singly berry selection increased the accuracy of fruit phenotyping and subsequent gene expression analyses. The physiological and transcriptomic responses of five key stages sampled simultaneously at day and nighttime were studied by RNA-seq analysis. RESULTS A total of 674 millions reads were sequenced from all experiments. Analysis of differential expression yielded in a total of 10 788 transcripts modulated by temperature. An acceleration of green berry development under higher temperature was correlated with the induction of several candidate genes linked to cell expansion. High temperatures impaired tannin synthesis and degree of galloylation at the transcriptomic levels. The timing of malate breakdown was delayed to mid-ripening in transgressively cool conditions, revealing unsuspected plasticity of berry primary metabolism. Specific ATPases and malate transporters displayed development and temperature-dependent expression patterns, besides less marked but significant regulation of other genes in the malate pathway. CONCLUSION The present study represents, to our knowledge the first abiotic stress study performed on a fleshy fruits model using RNA-seq for transcriptomic analysis. It confirms that a careful stage selection and a rigorous control of environmental conditions are needed to address the long-term plasticity of berry development with respect to temperature. Original results revealed temperature-dependent regulation of key metabolic processes in the elaboration of berry composition. Malate breakdown no longer appears as an integral part of the veraison program, but as possibly triggered by an imbalance in cytoplasmic sugar, when efficient vacuolar storage is set on with ripening, in usual temperature conditions. Furthermore, variations in heat shock responsive genes that will be very valuable for further research on temperature adaptation of plants have been evidenced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Rienth
- />Montpellier SupAgro-INRA, UMR AGAP-DAAV Amélioration Génétique et Adaptation des Plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales-Diversité, Adaptation et Amélioration de la Vigne, 2 place Pierre Viala, Montpellier, 34060 France
- />Fondation Jean Poupelain, 30 Rue Gâte Chien, Javrezac, 16100 France
- />CHANGINS, haute école de viticulture et œnologie, 50 route de Duillier, 1260 Nyon, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Torregrosa
- />Montpellier SupAgro-INRA, UMR AGAP-DAAV Amélioration Génétique et Adaptation des Plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales-Diversité, Adaptation et Amélioration de la Vigne, 2 place Pierre Viala, Montpellier, 34060 France
| | - Gautier Sarah
- />Montpellier SupAgro-INRA, UMR AGAP-DAAV Amélioration Génétique et Adaptation des Plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales-Diversité, Adaptation et Amélioration de la Vigne, 2 place Pierre Viala, Montpellier, 34060 France
| | - Morgane Ardisson
- />Montpellier SupAgro-INRA, UMR AGAP-DAAV Amélioration Génétique et Adaptation des Plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales-Diversité, Adaptation et Amélioration de la Vigne, 2 place Pierre Viala, Montpellier, 34060 France
| | - Jean-Marc Brillouet
- />INRA Montpellier UMR SPO- Science pour l’œnologie, 2 place, Pierre Viala, Montpellier, 34060 France
| | - Charles Romieu
- />Montpellier SupAgro-INRA, UMR AGAP-DAAV Amélioration Génétique et Adaptation des Plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales-Diversité, Adaptation et Amélioration de la Vigne, 2 place Pierre Viala, Montpellier, 34060 France
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572
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Kumar RR, Goswami S, Singh K, Dubey K, Singh S, Sharma R, Verma N, Kala YK, Rai GK, Grover M, Mishra DC, Singh B, Pathak H, Chinnusamy V, Rai A, Praveen S. Identification of Putative RuBisCo Activase (TaRca1)-The Catalytic Chaperone Regulating Carbon Assimilatory Pathway in Wheat (Triticum aestivum) under the Heat Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:986. [PMID: 27462325 PMCID: PMC4940427 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
RuBisCo activase (Rca) is a catalytic chaperone involved in modulating the activity of RuBisCo (key enzyme of photosynthetic pathway). Here, we identified eight novel transcripts from wheat through data mining predicted to be Rca and cloned a transcript of 1.4 kb from cv. HD2985, named as TaRca1 (GenBank acc. no. KC776912). Single copy number of TaRca1 was observed in wheat genome. Expression analysis in diverse wheat genotypes (HD2985, Halna, PBW621, and HD2329) showed very high relative expression of TaRca1 in Halna under control and HS-treated, as compared to other cultivars at different stages of growth. TaRca1 protein was predicted to be chloroplast-localized with numerous potential phosphorylation sites. Northern blot analysis showed maximum accumulation of TaRca1 transcript in thermotolerant cv. during mealy-ripe stage, as compared to thermosusceptible. Decrease in the photosynthetic parameters was observed in all the cultivars, except PBW621 in response to HS. We observed significant increase in the Rca activity in all the cultivars under HS at different stages of growth. HS causes decrease in the RuBisCo activity; maximum reduction was observed during pollination stage in thermosusceptible cvs. as validated through immunoblotting. We observed uniform carbon distribution in different tissues of thermotolerant cvs., as compared to thermosusceptible. Similarly, tolerance level of leaf was observed maximum in Halna having high Rca activity under HS. A positive correlation was observed between the transcript and activity of TaRca1 in HS-treated Halna. Similarly, TaRca1 enzyme showed positive correlation with the activity of RuBisCo. There is, however, need to manipulate the thermal stability of TaRca1 enzyme through protein engineering for sustaining the photosynthetic rate under HS-a novel approach toward development of "climate-smart" crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjeet R. Kumar
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research InstituteNew Delhi, India
| | - Suneha Goswami
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research InstituteNew Delhi, India
| | - Khushboo Singh
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research InstituteNew Delhi, India
| | - Kavita Dubey
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research InstituteNew Delhi, India
| | - Shweta Singh
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research InstituteNew Delhi, India
| | - Renu Sharma
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research InstituteNew Delhi, India
| | - Neeraj Verma
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research InstituteNew Delhi, India
| | - Yugal K. Kala
- Division of Genetics, Indian Agricultural Research InstituteNew Delhi, India
| | - Gyanendra K. Rai
- School of Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and TechnologyJammu, India
| | - Monendra Grover
- Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research InstituteNew Delhi, India
| | - Dwijesh C. Mishra
- Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research InstituteNew Delhi, India
| | - Bhupinder Singh
- Nuclear Research Laboratory, Plant Physiology, Indian Agricultural Research InstituteNew Delhi, India
| | - Himanshu Pathak
- Center for Environment Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture, Indian Agricultural Research InstituteNew Delhi, India
| | - Viswanathan Chinnusamy
- Division of Plant Physiology, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Research InstituteNew Delhi, India
| | - Anil Rai
- Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research InstituteNew Delhi, India
| | - Shelly Praveen
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research InstituteNew Delhi, India
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573
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Kang CH, Lee YM, Park JH, Nawkar GM, Oh HT, Kim MG, Lee SI, Kim WY, Yun DJ, Lee SY. Ribosomal P3 protein AtP3B of Arabidopsis acts as both protein and RNA chaperone to increase tolerance of heat and cold stresses. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2016; 39:1631-42. [PMID: 27004478 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The P3 proteins are plant-specific ribosomal P-proteins; however, their molecular functions have not been characterized. In a screen for components of heat-stable high-molecular weight (HMW) complexes, we isolated the P3 protein AtP3B from heat-treated Arabidopsis suspension cultures. By size-exclusion chromatography (SEC), SDS-PAGE and native PAGE followed by immunoblotting with anti-AtP3B antibody, we showed that AtP3B was stably retained in HMW complexes following heat shock. The level of AtP3B mRNA increased in response to both high- and low-temperature stresses. Bacterially expressed recombinant AtP3B protein exhibited both protein and RNA chaperone activities. Knockdown of AtP3B by RNAi made plants sensitive to both high- and low-temperature stresses, whereas overexpression of AtP3B increased tolerance of both conditions. Together, our results suggest that AtP3B protects cells against both high- and low-temperature stresses. These findings provide novel insight into the molecular functions and in vivo roles of acidic ribosomal P-proteins, thereby expanding our knowledge of the protein production machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Ho Kang
- Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21+) and Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, Korea
| | - Young Mee Lee
- Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21+) and Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, Korea
- Genetics and Breeding Research Center, NFRDI, Geoje, 656-842, Korea
| | - Joung Hun Park
- Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21+) and Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, Korea
| | - Ganesh M Nawkar
- Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21+) and Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, Korea
| | - Hun Taek Oh
- Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21+) and Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, Korea
| | - Min Gab Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, Korea
| | - Soo In Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Academy of Agricultural Science (NAAS), Jeonju, 560-500, Korea
| | - Woe Yeon Kim
- Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21+) and Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, Korea
| | - Dae-Jin Yun
- Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21+) and Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, Korea
| | - Sang Yeol Lee
- Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21+) and Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, Korea
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574
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HanumanthaRao B, Nair RM, Nayyar H. Salinity and High Temperature Tolerance in Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] from a Physiological Perspective. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:957. [PMID: 27446183 PMCID: PMC4925713 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Biotic and abiotic constraints seriously affect the productivity of agriculture worldwide. The broadly recognized benefits of legumes in cropping systems-biological nitrogen fixation, improving soil fertility and broadening cereal-based agro-ecologies, are desirable now more than ever. Legume production is affected by hostile environments, especially soil salinity and high temperatures (HTs). Among legumes, mungbean has acceptable intrinsic tolerance mechanisms, but many agro-physiological characteristics of the Vigna species remain to be explored. Mungbean has a distinct advantage of being short-duration and can grow in wide range of soils and environments (as mono or relay legume). This review focuses on salinity and HT stresses on mungbean grown as a fallow crop (mungbean-rice-wheat to replace fallow-rice-wheat) and/or a relay crop in cereal cropping systems. Salinity tolerance comprises multifaceted responses at the molecular, physiological and plant canopy levels. In HTs, adaptation of physiological and biochemical processes gradually may lead to improvement of heat tolerance in plants. At the field level, managing or manipulating cultural practices can mitigate adverse effects of salinity and HT. Greater understanding of physiological and biochemical mechanisms regulating these two stresses will contribute to an evolving profile of the genes, proteins, and metabolites responsible for mungbean survival. We focus on abiotic stresses in legumes in general and mungbean in particular, and highlight gaps that need to be bridged through future mungbean research. Recent findings largely from physiological and biochemical fronts are examined, along with a few agronomic and farm-based management strategies to mitigate stress under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ramakrishnan M. Nair
- Vegetable Breeding – Legumes, World Vegetable Center, South AsiaHyderabad, India
| | - Harsh Nayyar
- Department of Botany, Panjab UniversityChandigarh, India
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575
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Martins MQ, Rodrigues WP, Fortunato AS, Leitão AE, Rodrigues AP, Pais IP, Martins LD, Silva MJ, Reboredo FH, Partelli FL, Campostrini E, Tomaz MA, Scotti-Campos P, Ribeiro-Barros AI, Lidon FJC, DaMatta FM, Ramalho JC. Protective Response Mechanisms to Heat Stress in Interaction with High [CO2] Conditions in Coffea spp. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:947. [PMID: 27446174 PMCID: PMC4925694 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Modeling studies have predicted that coffee crop will be endangered by future global warming, but recent reports highlighted that high [CO2] can mitigate heat impacts on coffee. This work aimed at identifying heat protective mechanisms promoted by CO2 in Coffea arabica (cv. Icatu and IPR108) and Coffea canephora cv. Conilon CL153. Plants were grown at 25/20°C (day/night), under 380 or 700 μL CO2 L(-1), and then gradually submitted to 31/25, 37/30, and 42/34°C. Relevant heat tolerance up to 37/30°C for both [CO2] and all coffee genotypes was observed, likely supported by the maintenance or increase of the pools of several protective molecules (neoxanthin, lutein, carotenes, α-tocopherol, HSP70, raffinose), activities of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR), catalase (CAT), and the upregulated expression of some genes (ELIP, Chaperonin 20). However, at 42/34°C a tolerance threshold was reached, mostly in the 380-plants and Icatu. Adjustments in raffinose, lutein, β-carotene, α-tocopherol and HSP70 pools, and the upregulated expression of genes related to protective (ELIPS, HSP70, Chape 20, and 60) and antioxidant (CAT, CuSOD2, APX Cyt, APX Chl) proteins were largely driven by temperature. However, enhanced [CO2] maintained higher activities of GR (Icatu) and CAT (Icatu and IPR108), kept (or even increased) the Cu,Zn-SOD, APX, and CAT activities, and promoted a greater upregulation of those enzyme genes, as well as those related to HSP70, ELIPs, Chaperonins in CL153, and Icatu. These changes likely favored the maintenance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) at controlled levels and contributed to mitigate of photosystem II photoinhibition at the highest temperature. Overall, our results highlighted the important role of enhanced [CO2] on the coffee crop acclimation and sustainability under predicted future global warming scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madlles Q. Martins
- Grupo Interações Planta-Ambiente and Biodiversidade (PlantStress&Biodiversity), Departamento Recursos Naturais, Ambiente e Território (DRAT), Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food (LEAF), and Forest Research Center (CEF), Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de LisboaOeiras, Portugal
- Departamento Ciências Agrárias e Biológicas, Centro Universitário Norte do Espírito Santo, Universidade Federal Espírito SantoSão Mateus, Brazil
| | - Weverton P. Rodrigues
- Grupo Interações Planta-Ambiente and Biodiversidade (PlantStress&Biodiversity), Departamento Recursos Naturais, Ambiente e Território (DRAT), Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food (LEAF), and Forest Research Center (CEF), Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de LisboaOeiras, Portugal
- Setor Fisiologia Vegetal, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias, Universidade Estadual do Norte FluminenseRio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana S. Fortunato
- Grupo Interações Planta-Ambiente and Biodiversidade (PlantStress&Biodiversity), Departamento Recursos Naturais, Ambiente e Território (DRAT), Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food (LEAF), and Forest Research Center (CEF), Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de LisboaOeiras, Portugal
| | - António E. Leitão
- Grupo Interações Planta-Ambiente and Biodiversidade (PlantStress&Biodiversity), Departamento Recursos Naturais, Ambiente e Território (DRAT), Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food (LEAF), and Forest Research Center (CEF), Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de LisboaOeiras, Portugal
- GeoBioTec, Faculdade Ciências Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de LisboaCaparica, Portugal
| | - Ana P. Rodrigues
- Grupo Interações Planta-Ambiente and Biodiversidade (PlantStress&Biodiversity), Departamento Recursos Naturais, Ambiente e Território (DRAT), Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food (LEAF), and Forest Research Center (CEF), Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de LisboaOeiras, Portugal
| | - Isabel P. Pais
- Unidade de Investigação em Biotecnologia e Recursos Genéticos, Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e VeterináriaOeiras, Portugal
| | - Lima D. Martins
- Grupo Interações Planta-Ambiente and Biodiversidade (PlantStress&Biodiversity), Departamento Recursos Naturais, Ambiente e Território (DRAT), Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food (LEAF), and Forest Research Center (CEF), Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de LisboaOeiras, Portugal
- Departamento Produção Vegetal, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Espírito SantoAlegre, Brazil
| | - Maria J. Silva
- Grupo Interações Planta-Ambiente and Biodiversidade (PlantStress&Biodiversity), Departamento Recursos Naturais, Ambiente e Território (DRAT), Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food (LEAF), and Forest Research Center (CEF), Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de LisboaOeiras, Portugal
- GeoBioTec, Faculdade Ciências Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de LisboaCaparica, Portugal
| | - Fernando H. Reboredo
- GeoBioTec, Faculdade Ciências Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de LisboaCaparica, Portugal
| | - Fábio L. Partelli
- Departamento Ciências Agrárias e Biológicas, Centro Universitário Norte do Espírito Santo, Universidade Federal Espírito SantoSão Mateus, Brazil
| | - Eliemar Campostrini
- Setor Fisiologia Vegetal, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias, Universidade Estadual do Norte FluminenseRio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcelo A. Tomaz
- Departamento Produção Vegetal, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Espírito SantoAlegre, Brazil
| | - Paula Scotti-Campos
- GeoBioTec, Faculdade Ciências Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de LisboaCaparica, Portugal
- Unidade de Investigação em Biotecnologia e Recursos Genéticos, Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e VeterináriaOeiras, Portugal
| | - Ana I. Ribeiro-Barros
- Grupo Interações Planta-Ambiente and Biodiversidade (PlantStress&Biodiversity), Departamento Recursos Naturais, Ambiente e Território (DRAT), Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food (LEAF), and Forest Research Center (CEF), Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de LisboaOeiras, Portugal
- GeoBioTec, Faculdade Ciências Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de LisboaCaparica, Portugal
| | - Fernando J. C. Lidon
- GeoBioTec, Faculdade Ciências Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de LisboaCaparica, Portugal
| | - Fábio M. DaMatta
- Departamento Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de ViçosaViçosa, Brazil
| | - José C. Ramalho
- Grupo Interações Planta-Ambiente and Biodiversidade (PlantStress&Biodiversity), Departamento Recursos Naturais, Ambiente e Território (DRAT), Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food (LEAF), and Forest Research Center (CEF), Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de LisboaOeiras, Portugal
- GeoBioTec, Faculdade Ciências Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de LisboaCaparica, Portugal
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576
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Ihsan MZ, El-Nakhlawy FS, Ismail SM, Fahad S, daur I. Wheat Phenological Development and Growth Studies As Affected by Drought and Late Season High Temperature Stress under Arid Environment. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:795. [PMID: 27375650 PMCID: PMC4893551 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluates the potential for adaptability and tolerance of wheat genotypes (G) to an arid environment. We examined the influence of drought stress (DS) (100, 75, and 50% field capacity), planting times (PT) (16-November, 01-December, 16-December and 01-January), and G (Yocoro Rojo, FKAU-10, Faisalabad-08, and Galaxy L-7096) on phenological development, growth indices, grain yield, and water use efficiency of drip-irrigated wheat. Development measured at five phenological growth stages (GS) (tillering, jointing, booting, heading, and maturity) and growth indices 30, 45, 60, and 75 days after sowing (DAS) were also correlated with final grain yield. Tillering occurred earlier in DS plots, to a maximum of 31 days. Days to complete 50% heading and physiological crop maturity were the most susceptible GS that denoted 31-72% reduction in number of days to complete these GS at severe DS. Wheat G grown with severe DS had the shortest grain filling duration. Genotype Fsd-08 presented greater adaptability to studied arid climate and recorded 31, 35, and 38% longer grain filling period as compared with rest of the G at 100-50% field capacity respectively. December sowing mitigated the drought and delayed planting effects by producing superior growth and yield (2162 kg ha(-1)) at severe DS. Genotypes Fsd-08 and L-7096 attained the minimum plant height (36 cm) and the shortest growth cycle (76 days) for January planting with 50% field capacity. At severe DS leaf area index, dry matter accumulation, crop growth rate and net assimilation rate were decreased by 67, 57, 34, and 38% as compared to non-stressed plots. Genotypes Fsd-08 and F-10 were the superior ones and secured 14-17% higher grain yield than genotype YR for severely stressed plots. The correlation between crop growth indices and grain yield depicted the highest value (0.58-0.71) at 60-75 DAS. So the major contribution of these growth indices toward grain yield was at the start of reproductive phase. It's clear that booting and grain filling are the most sensitive GS that are severely affected by both drought and delay in planting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Z. Ihsan
- Department of Arid Land Agriculture, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fathy S. El-Nakhlawy
- Department of Arid Land Agriculture, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh M. Ismail
- Department of Arid Land Agriculture, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shah Fahad
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Ihsanullah daur
- Department of Arid Land Agriculture, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah, Saudi Arabia
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577
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Mesihovic A, Iannacone R, Firon N, Fragkostefanakis S. Heat stress regimes for the investigation of pollen thermotolerance in crop plants. PLANT REPRODUCTION 2016; 29:93-105. [PMID: 27016360 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-016-0281-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Pollen thermotolerance. Global warming is predicted to increase the frequency and severity of extreme weather phenomena such as heat waves thereby posing a major threat for crop productivity and food security. The yield in case of most crop species is dependent on the success of reproductive development. Pollen development has been shown to be highly sensitive to elevated temperatures while the development of the female gametophyte as well as sporophytic tissues might also be disturbed under mild or severe heat stress conditions. Therefore, assessing pollen thermotolerance is currently of high interest for geneticists, plant biologists and breeders. A key aspect in pollen thermotolerance studies is the selection of the appropriate heat stress regime, the developmental stage that the stress is applied to, as well as the method of application. Literature search reveals a rather high variability in heat stress treatments mainly due to the lack of standardized protocols for different plant species. In this review, we summarize and discuss experimental approaches that have been used in various crops, with special focus on tomato, rice and wheat, as the best studied crops regarding pollen thermotolerance. The overview of stress treatments and the major outcomes of each study aim to provide guidelines for similar research in other crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anida Mesihovic
- Department of Biosciences, Molecular Cell Biology of Plants, Goethe University, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Rina Iannacone
- ALSIA Research Center Metapontum Agrobios Metaponto (MT), 75010, Metaponto, Italy
| | - Nurit Firon
- Department of Vegetable Research, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, 50250, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Sotirios Fragkostefanakis
- Department of Biosciences, Molecular Cell Biology of Plants, Goethe University, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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578
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579
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Driedonks N, Rieu I, Vriezen WH. Breeding for plant heat tolerance at vegetative and reproductive stages. PLANT REPRODUCTION 2016; 29:67-79. [PMID: 26874710 PMCID: PMC4909801 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-016-0275-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Thermotolerant crop research. Global warming has become a serious worldwide threat. High temperature is a major environmental factor limiting crop productivity. Current adaptations to high temperature via alterations to technical and management systems are insufficient to sustain yield. For this reason, breeding for heat-tolerant crops is in high demand. This review provides an overview of the effects of high temperature on plant physiology, fertility and crop yield and discusses the strategies for breeding heat-tolerant cultivars. Generating thermotolerant crops seems to be a challenging task as heat sensitivity is highly variable across developmental stages and processes. In response to heat, plants trigger a cascade of events, switching on numerous genes. Although breeding has made substantial advances in developing heat-tolerant lines, the genetic basis and diversity of heat tolerance in plants remain largely unknown. The development of new varieties is expensive and time-consuming, and knowledge of heat tolerance mechanisms would aid the design of strategies to screen germplasm for heat tolerance traits. However, gains in heat tolerance are limited by the often narrow genetic diversity. Exploration and use of wild relatives and landraces in breeding can increase useful genetic diversity in current crops. Due to the complex nature of plant heat tolerance and its immediate global concern, it is essential to face this breeding challenge in a multidisciplinary holistic approach involving governmental agencies, private companies and academic institutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicky Driedonks
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ivo Rieu
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Wim H Vriezen
- Bayer CropScience Vegetable Seeds, PO Box 4005, 6080 AA, Haelen, The Netherlands
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580
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Jia J, Li S, Cao X, Li H, Shi W, Polle A, Liu TX, Peng C, Luo ZB. Physiological and transcriptional regulation in poplar roots and leaves during acclimation to high temperature and drought. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2016; 157:38-53. [PMID: 26497326 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
To elucidate the physiological and transcriptional regulatory mechanisms that underlie the responses of poplars to high temperature (HT) and/or drought in woody plants, we exposed Populus alba × Populus tremula var. glandulosa saplings to ambient temperature (AT) or HT under 80 or 40% field capacities (FC), or no watering. HT increased the foliar total carbon (C) concentrations, and foliar δ(13) C and δ(18) O. HT triggered heat stress signaling via increasing levels of abscisic acid (ABA) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in poplar roots and leaves. After perception of HT, poplars initiated osmotic adjustment by increasing foliar sucrose and root galactose levels. In agreement with the HT-induced heat stress and the changes in the levels of ABA and carbohydrates, we detected increased transcript levels of HSP18 and HSP21, as well as NCED3 in the roots and leaves, and the sugar transporter gene STP14 in the roots. Compared with AT, drought induced greater enhancement of foliar δ(13) C and δ(18) O in poplars at HT. Similarly, drought caused greater stimulation of the ABA and foliar glucose levels in poplars at HT than at AT. Correspondingly, desiccation led to greater increases in the mRNA levels of HSP18, HSP21, NCED3, STP14 and INT1 in poplar roots at HT than at AT. These results suggest that HT has detrimental effects on physiological processes and it induces the transcriptional regulation of key genes involved in heat stress responses, ABA biosynthesis and sugar transport and HT can cause greater changes in drought-induced physiological and transcriptional responses in poplar roots and leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingbo Jia
- College of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, P. R. China
| | - Shaojun Li
- College of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, P. R. China
| | - Xu Cao
- College of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, P. R. China
| | - Hong Li
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, P. R. China
| | - Wenguang Shi
- College of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, P. R. China
| | - Andrea Polle
- Büsgen-Institute, Department of Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, Georg-August University, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Tong-Xian Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, P. R. China
| | - Changhui Peng
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Ecology in Western China of Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Bin Luo
- College of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Ecology in Western China of Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, P. R. China
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581
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Casaretto JA, El-Kereamy A, Zeng B, Stiegelmeyer SM, Chen X, Bi YM, Rothstein SJ. Expression of OsMYB55 in maize activates stress-responsive genes and enhances heat and drought tolerance. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:312. [PMID: 27129581 PMCID: PMC4850646 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2659-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant response mechanisms to heat and drought stresses have been considered in strategies for generating stress tolerant genotypes, but with limited success. Here, we analyzed the transcriptome and improved tolerance to heat stress and drought of maize plants over-expressing the OsMYB55 gene. RESULTS Over-expression of OsMYB55 in maize decreased the negative effects of high temperature and drought resulting in improved plant growth and performance under these conditions. This was evidenced by the higher plant biomass and reduced leaf damage exhibited by the transgenic lines compared to wild type when plants were subjected to individual or combined stresses and during or after recovery from stress. A global transcriptomic analysis using RNA sequencing revealed that several genes induced by heat stress in wild type plants are constitutively up-regulated in OsMYB55 transgenic maize. In addition, a significant number of genes up-regulated in OsMYB55 transgenic maize under control or heat treatments have been associated with responses to abiotic stresses including high temperature, dehydration and oxidative stress. The latter is a common and major consequence of imposed heat and drought conditions, suggesting that this altered gene expression may be associated with the improved stress tolerance in these transgenic lines. Functional annotation and enrichment analysis of the transcriptome also pinpoint the relevance of specific biological processes for stress responses. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that expression of OsMYB55 can improve tolerance to heat stress and drought in maize plants. Enhanced expression of stress-associated genes may be involved in OsMYB55-mediated stress tolerance. Possible implications for the improved tolerance to heat stress and drought of OsMYB55 transgenic maize are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A Casaretto
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Ashraf El-Kereamy
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
- University of California, Agriculture and Natural Resources, Cooperative Extension - Kern County, Bakersfield, CA, 93307, USA
| | - Bin Zeng
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Suzy M Stiegelmeyer
- Syngenta Biotechnology Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
- Expression Analysis, Inc., Durham, NC, 27713, USA
| | - Xi Chen
- Syngenta Biotechnology Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Yong-Mei Bi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Steven J Rothstein
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
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582
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Abstract
Abiotic stress is a major threat to crop yield stability. Plants can be primed by heat stress, which enables them to subsequently survive temperatures that are lethal to a plant in the naïve state. This is a rapid response that has been known for many years and that is highly conserved across kingdoms. Interestingly, recent studies in Arabidopsis and rice show that this thermo-priming lasts for several days at normal growth temperatures and that it is an active process that is genetically separable from the priming itself. This is referred to as maintenance of acquired thermotolerance or heat stress memory. Such a memory conceivably has adaptive advantages under natural conditions, where heat stress often is chronic or recurring. In this review, I will focus on recent advances in the mechanistic understanding of heat stress memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Bäurle
- Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, 14476, Germany
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583
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Farnese FS, Menezes-Silva PE, Gusman GS, Oliveira JA. When Bad Guys Become Good Ones: The Key Role of Reactive Oxygen Species and Nitric Oxide in the Plant Responses to Abiotic Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:471. [PMID: 27148300 PMCID: PMC4828662 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The natural environment of plants is composed of a complex set of abiotic stresses and their ability to respond to these stresses is highly flexible and finely balanced through the interaction between signaling molecules. In this review, we highlight the integrated action between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), particularly nitric oxide (NO), involved in the acclimation to different abiotic stresses. Under stressful conditions, the biosynthesis transport and the metabolism of ROS and NO influence plant response mechanisms. The enzymes involved in ROS and NO synthesis and scavenging can be found in different cells compartments and their temporal and spatial locations are determinant for signaling mechanisms. Both ROS and NO are involved in long distances signaling (ROS wave and GSNO transport), promoting an acquired systemic acclimation to abiotic stresses. The mechanisms of abiotic stresses response triggered by ROS and NO involve some general steps, as the enhancement of antioxidant systems, but also stress-specific mechanisms, according to the stress type (drought, hypoxia, heavy metals, etc.), and demand the interaction with other signaling molecules, such as MAPK, plant hormones, and calcium. The transduction of ROS and NO bioactivity involves post-translational modifications of proteins, particularly S-glutathionylation for ROS, and S-nitrosylation for NO. These changes may alter the activity, stability, and interaction with other molecules or subcellular location of proteins, changing the entire cell dynamics and contributing to the maintenance of homeostasis. However, despite the recent advances about the roles of ROS and NO in signaling cascades, many challenges remain, and future studies focusing on the signaling of these molecules in planta are still necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda S. Farnese
- Laboratory of Plant Ecophysiology, Instituto Federal Goiano – Campus Rio VerdeGoiás, Brazil
| | - Paulo E. Menezes-Silva
- Laboratory of Plant Ecophysiology, Instituto Federal Goiano – Campus Rio VerdeGoiás, Brazil
| | - Grasielle S. Gusman
- Laboratory of Plant Chemistry, Univiçosa – Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e da SaúdeViçosa, Brazil
| | - Juraci A. Oliveira
- Department of General Biology, Universidade Federal de ViçosaViçosa, Brazil
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584
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Sharma KD, Nayyar H. Regulatory Networks in Pollen Development under Cold Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:402. [PMID: 27066044 PMCID: PMC4814731 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Cold stress modifies anthers' metabolic pathways to induce pollen sterility. Cold-tolerant plants, unlike the susceptible ones, produce high proportion of viable pollen. Anthers in susceptible plants, when exposed to cold stress, increase abscisic acid (ABA) metabolism and reduce ABA catabolism. Increased ABA negatively regulates expression of tapetum cell wall bound invertase and monosaccharide transport genes resulting in distorted carbohydrate pool in anther. Cold-stress also reduces endogenous levels of the bioactive gibberellins (GAs), GA4 and GA7, in susceptible anthers by repression of the GA biosynthesis genes. Here, we discuss recent findings on mechanisms of cold susceptibility in anthers which determine pollen sterility. We also discuss differences in regulatory pathways between cold-stressed anthers of susceptible and tolerant plants that decide pollen sterility or viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal D. Sharma
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Chaudhary Sarwan Kumar Himachal Pradesh Agricultural UniversityPalampur, India
| | - Harsh Nayyar
- Department of Botany, Panjab UniversityChandigarh, India
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585
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Zha Q, Xi X, Jiang A, Tian Y. High Temperature Affects Photosynthetic and Molecular Processes in Field-CultivatedVitis viniferaL. ×Vitis labruscaL. Photochem Photobiol 2016; 92:446-54. [DOI: 10.1111/php.12584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zha
- Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science; Research Institute of Forestry and Pomology; Shanghai China
| | - Xiaojun Xi
- Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science; Research Institute of Forestry and Pomology; Shanghai China
| | - Aili Jiang
- Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science; Research Institute of Forestry and Pomology; Shanghai China
| | - Yihua Tian
- Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science; Research Institute of Forestry and Pomology; Shanghai China
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586
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De novo transcriptome sequencing and gene expression profiling of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) leaves under heat stress. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19473. [PMID: 26857466 PMCID: PMC4746569 DOI: 10.1038/srep19473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinach (Spinacia oleracea) has cold tolerant but heat sensitive characteristics. The spinach variety ‘Island,’ is suitable for summer periods. There is lack molecular information available for spinach in response to heat stress. In this study, high throughput de novo transcriptome sequencing and gene expression analyses were carried out at different spinach variety ‘Island’ leaves (grown at 24 °C (control), exposed to 35 °C for 30 min (S1), and 5 h (S2)). A total of 133,200,898 clean reads were assembled into 59,413 unigenes (average size 1259.55 bp). 33,573 unigenes could match to public databases. The DEG of controls vs S1 was 986, the DEG of control vs S2 was 1741 and the DEG of S1 vs S2 was 1587. Gene Ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment analysis indicated that a great deal of heat-responsive genes and other stress-responsive genes were identified in these DEGs, suggesting that the heat stress may have induced an extensive abiotic stress effect. Comparative transcriptome analysis found 896 unique genes in spinach heat response transcript. The expression patterns of 13 selected genes were verified by RT-qPCR (quantitative real-time PCR). Our study found a series of candidate genes and pathways that may be related to heat resistance in spinach.
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587
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Johnová P, Skalák J, Saiz-Fernández I, Brzobohatý B. Plant responses to ambient temperature fluctuations and water-limiting conditions: A proteome-wide perspective. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2016; 1864:916-31. [PMID: 26861773 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2016.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 12/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Every year, environmental stresses such as limited water and nutrient availability, salinity, and temperature fluctuations inflict significant losses on crop yields across the globe. Recently, developments in analytical techniques, e.g. mass spectrometry, have led to great advances towards understanding how plants respond to environmental stresses. These processes are mediated by many molecular pathways and, at least partially, via proteome-environment interactions. SCOPE OF REVIEW This review focuses on the current state of knowledge about interactions between the plant proteome and the environment, with a special focus on drought and temperature responses of plant proteome dynamics, and subcellular and organ-specific compartmentalization, in Arabidopsis thaliana and crop species. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Correct plant development under non-optimal conditions requires complex self-protection mechanisms, many of them common to different abiotic stresses. Proteome analyses of plant responses to temperature and drought stresses have revealed an intriguing interplay of modifications, mainly affecting the photosynthetic machinery, carbohydrate metabolism, and ROS activation and scavenging. Imbalances between transcript-level and protein-level regulation observed during adaptation to abiotic stresses suggest that many of the regulatory processes are controlled at translational and post-translational levels; proteomics is thus essential in revealing important regulatory networks. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Because information from proteomic data extends far beyond what can be deduced from transcriptome analysis, the results of proteome studies have substantially deepened our understanding of stress adaptation in plants; this is clearly a prerequisite for designing strategies to improve the yield and quality of crops grown under unfavorable conditions brought about by ongoing climatic change. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Plant Proteomics--a bridge between fundamental processes and crop production, edited by Dr. Hans-Peter Mock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricie Johnová
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Institute of Biophysics AS CR, v.v.i. and, Mendel University in Brno, CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Jan Skalák
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Institute of Biophysics AS CR, v.v.i. and, Mendel University in Brno, CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Iñigo Saiz-Fernández
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Institute of Biophysics AS CR, v.v.i. and, Mendel University in Brno, CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Břetislav Brzobohatý
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Institute of Biophysics AS CR, v.v.i. and, Mendel University in Brno, CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
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588
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Wang D, Qin B, Li X, Tang D, Zhang Y, Cheng Z, Xue Y. Nucleolar DEAD-Box RNA Helicase TOGR1 Regulates Thermotolerant Growth as a Pre-rRNA Chaperone in Rice. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1005844. [PMID: 26848586 PMCID: PMC4743921 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants have evolved a considerable number of intrinsic tolerance strategies to acclimate to ambient temperature increase. However, their molecular mechanisms remain largely obscure. Here we report a DEAD-box RNA helicase, TOGR1 (Thermotolerant Growth Required1), prerequisite for rice growth themotolerance. Regulated by both temperature and the circadian clock, its expression is tightly coupled to daily temperature fluctuations and its helicase activities directly promoted by temperature increase. Located in the nucleolus and associated with the small subunit (SSU) pre-rRNA processome, TOGR1 maintains a normal rRNA homeostasis at high temperature. Natural variation in its transcript level is positively correlated with plant height and its overexpression significantly improves rice growth under hot conditions. Our findings reveal a novel molecular mechanism of RNA helicase as a key chaperone for rRNA homeostasis required for rice thermotolerant growth and provide a potential strategy to breed heat-tolerant crops by modulating the expression of TOGR1 and its orthologs. Global warming is increasingly posing negative impacts on crop productivity. In this study, we report a nucleolar-located RNA helicase TOGR1 for thermotolerant growth in rice. TOGR1 maintains pre-rRNA homeostasis under high temperature by securing a proper pre-rRNA structure via elevating its helicase activity. Its expression is high temperature inducible with an afternoon peak expression, consistent with a high temperature anticipation of the circadian clock. Transcriptome analysis revealed that TOGR1 is essential in coordinating primary metabolisms to support thermotolerant growth. Importantly, an enhanced expression of TOGR1 significantly increased biomass of rice. Our findings reveal a novel role of a RNA helicase in thermotolerance and provide a potential strategy to breed heat-tolerant rice cultivars and possibly other heat-tolerant crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Beijing, China
| | - Baoxiang Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Beijing, China
| | - Ding Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Beijing, China
| | - Yu’e Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Beijing, China
| | - Zhukuan Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Beijing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongbiao Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Beijing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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589
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Waqas M, Shahzad R, Khan AL, Asaf S, Kim YH, Kang SM, Bilal S, Hamayun M, Lee IJ. Salvaging effect of triacontanol on plant growth, thermotolerance, macro-nutrient content, amino acid concentration and modulation of defense hormonal levels under heat stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2016; 99:118-125. [PMID: 26744997 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2015.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, it was hypothesized that application of triacontanol, a ubiquitous saturated primary alcohol, at different times-before (TBHS), mid (TMHS), and after (TAHS) heat stress-will extend heat stress (HS) protection in mungbean. The effect of triacontanol on the levels of defense hormones abscisic acid (ABA) and jasmonic acid (JA) was investigated along with the plant growth promotion, nutrient and amino acid content with and without heat stress. Heat stress caused a prominent reduction in plant growth attributes, nutrient and amino acid content, which were attributed to the decreased level of ABA and JA. However, application of triacontanol, particularly in the TBHS and TMHS treatments, reversed the deleterious effects of HS by showing increased ABA and JA levels that favored the significant increase in plant growth attributes, enhanced nutrient content, and high amount of amino acid. TAHS, a short-term application of triacontanol, also significantly increased ABA and JA levels and thus revealed important information of its association with hormonal modulation. The growth-promoting effect of triacontanol was also confirmed under normal growth conditions. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to demonstrate the beneficial effects of triacontanol, with or without heat stress, on mungbean and its interaction with or regulation of the levels of defense hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Waqas
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea; Department of Agriculture Extension, Buner 19290, Pakistan
| | - Raheem Shahzad
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Abdul Latif Khan
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea; UoN Chair of Oman's Medicinal Plants & Marine Natural Products, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Oman
| | - Sajjad Asaf
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Ha Kim
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea; Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Sang-Mo Kang
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Saqib Bilal
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Hamayun
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea; Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - In-Jung Lee
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea.
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590
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Docimo T, Francese G, Ruggiero A, Batelli G, De Palma M, Bassolino L, Toppino L, Rotino GL, Mennella G, Tucci M. Phenylpropanoids Accumulation in Eggplant Fruit: Characterization of Biosynthetic Genes and Regulation by a MYB Transcription Factor. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 6:1233. [PMID: 26858726 PMCID: PMC4729908 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.01233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Phenylpropanoids are major secondary metabolites in eggplant (Solanum melongena) fruits. Chlorogenic acid (CGA) accounts for 70-90% of total phenolics in flesh tissues, while anthocyanins are mainly present in the fruit skin. As a contribution to the understanding of the peculiar accumulation of these health-promoting metabolites in eggplant, we report on metabolite abundance, regulation of CGA and anthocyanin biosynthesis, and characterization of candidate CGA biosynthetic genes in S. melongena. Higher contents of CGA, Delphinidin 3-rutinoside, and rutin were found in eggplant fruits compared to other tissues, associated to an elevated transcript abundance of structural genes such as PAL, HQT, DFR, and ANS, suggesting that active in situ biosynthesis contributes to anthocyanin and CGA accumulation in fruit tissues. Putative orthologs of the two CGA biosynthetic genes PAL and HQT, as well as a variant of a MYB1 transcription factor showing identity with group six MYBs, were isolated from an Occidental S. melongena traditional variety and demonstrated to differ from published sequences from Asiatic varieties. In silico analysis of the isolated SmPAL1, SmHQT1, SmANS, and SmMyb1 promoters revealed the presence of several Myb regulatory elements for the biosynthetic genes and unique elements for the TF, suggesting its involvement in other physiological roles beside phenylpropanoid biosynthesis regulation. Transient overexpression in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves of SmMyb1 and of a C-terminal SmMyb1 truncated form (SmMyb1Δ9) resulted in anthocyanin accumulation only of SmMyb1 agro-infiltrated leaves. A yeast two-hybrid assay confirmed the interaction of both SmMyb1 and SmMyb1Δ9 with an anthocyanin-related potato bHLH1 TF. Interestingly, a doubled amount of CGA was detected in both SmMyb1 and SmMyb1Δ9 agro-infiltrated leaves, thus suggesting that the N-terminal region of SmMyb1 is sufficient to activate its synthesis. These data suggest that a deletion of the C-terminal region of SmMyb1 does not limit its capability to regulate CGA accumulation, but impairs anthocyanin biosynthesis. To our knowledge, this is the first study reporting a functional elucidation of the role of the C-term conserved domain in MYB activator proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Docimo
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Bioscienze e BiorisorseUOS Portici, Italy
| | - Gianluca Francese
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’Analisi dell’Economia Agraria, Centro di Ricerca per l’OrticolturaPontecagnano, Italy
| | - Alessandra Ruggiero
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Bioscienze e BiorisorseUOS Portici, Italy
| | - Giorgia Batelli
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Bioscienze e BiorisorseUOS Portici, Italy
| | - Monica De Palma
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Bioscienze e BiorisorseUOS Portici, Italy
| | - Laura Bassolino
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’Analisi dell’Economia Agraria, Unità di Ricerca per l’OrticolturaMontanaso Lombardo, Italy
| | - Laura Toppino
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’Analisi dell’Economia Agraria, Unità di Ricerca per l’OrticolturaMontanaso Lombardo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe L. Rotino
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’Analisi dell’Economia Agraria, Unità di Ricerca per l’OrticolturaMontanaso Lombardo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mennella
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’Analisi dell’Economia Agraria, Centro di Ricerca per l’OrticolturaPontecagnano, Italy
| | - Marina Tucci
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Bioscienze e BiorisorseUOS Portici, Italy
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591
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Quint M, Delker C, Franklin KA, Wigge PA, Halliday KJ, van Zanten M. Molecular and genetic control of plant thermomorphogenesis. NATURE PLANTS 2016; 2:15190. [PMID: 27250752 DOI: 10.1038/nplants.2015.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 332] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Temperature is a major factor governing the distribution and seasonal behaviour of plants. Being sessile, plants are highly responsive to small differences in temperature and adjust their growth and development accordingly. The suite of morphological and architectural changes induced by high ambient temperatures, below the heat-stress range, is collectively called thermomorphogenesis. Understanding the molecular genetic circuitries underlying thermomorphogenesis is particularly relevant in the context of climate change, as this knowledge will be key to rational breeding for thermo-tolerant crop varieties. Until recently, the fundamental mechanisms of temperature perception and signalling remained unknown. Our understanding of temperature signalling is now progressing, mainly by exploiting the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. The transcription factor PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR 4 (PIF4) has emerged as a critical player in regulating phytohormone levels and their activity. To control thermomorphogenesis, multiple regulatory circuits are in place to modulate PIF4 levels, activity and downstream mechanisms. Thermomorphogenesis is integrally governed by various light signalling pathways, the circadian clock, epigenetic mechanisms and chromatin-level regulation. In this Review, we summarize recent progress in the field and discuss how the emerging knowledge in Arabidopsis may be transferred to relevant crop systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Quint
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Betty-Heimann Strasse 5, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
- Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Carolin Delker
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Betty-Heimann Strasse 5, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
- Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Keara A Franklin
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TQ, United Kingdom
| | - Philip A Wigge
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1LR, United Kingdom
| | - Karen J Halliday
- Synthetic and Systems Biology (SynthSys), University of Edinburgh, CH Waddington Building, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JD, United Kingdom
| | - Martijn van Zanten
- Molecular Plant Physiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
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592
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Dossa K, Diouf D, Cissé N. Genome-Wide Investigation of Hsf Genes in Sesame Reveals Their Segmental Duplication Expansion and Their Active Role in Drought Stress Response. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1522. [PMID: 27790233 PMCID: PMC5061811 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Sesame is a survivor crop cultivated for ages in arid areas under high temperatures and limited water conditions. Since its entire genome has been sequenced, revealing evolution, and functional characterization of its abiotic stress genes became a hot topic. In this study, we performed a whole-genome identification and analysis of Hsf gene family in sesame. Thirty genes encoding Hsf domain were found and classified into 3 major classes A, B, and C. The class A members were the most representative one and Hsf genes were distributed in 12 of the 16 linkage groups (except the LG 8, 9, 13, and 16). Evolutionary analysis revealed that, segmental duplication events which occurred around 67 MYA, were the primary force underlying Hsf genes expansion in sesame. Comparative analysis also suggested that sesame has retained most of its Hsf genes while its relatives viz. tomato and potato underwent extensive gene losses during evolution. Continuous purifying selection has played a key role in the maintenance of Hsf genes in sesame. Expression analysis of the Hsf genes in sesame revealed their putative involvement in multiple tissue-/developmental stages. Time-course expression profiling of Hsf genes in response to drought stress showed that 90% Hsfs are drought responsive. We infer that classes B-Hsfs might be the primary regulators of drought response in sesame by cooperating with some class A genes. This is the first insight into this gene family and the results provide some gene resources for future gene cloning and functional studies toward the improvement in stress tolerance of sesame.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komivi Dossa
- Centre d'Etudes Régional pour l'Amélioration de l'Adaptation à la SécheresseSénégal
- Laboratoire Campus de Biotechnologies Végétales, Département de Biologie Végétale, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Cheikh Anta DiopDakar, Sénégal
- *Correspondence: Komivi Dossa
| | - Diaga Diouf
- Laboratoire Campus de Biotechnologies Végétales, Département de Biologie Végétale, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Cheikh Anta DiopDakar, Sénégal
| | - Ndiaga Cissé
- Centre d'Etudes Régional pour l'Amélioration de l'Adaptation à la SécheresseSénégal
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593
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Buhrow LM, Clark SM, Loewen MC. Identification of an attenuated barley stripe mosaic virus for the virus-induced gene silencing of pathogenesis-related wheat genes. PLANT METHODS 2016; 12:12. [PMID: 26839581 PMCID: PMC4736275 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-016-0112-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) has become an emerging technology for the rapid, efficient functional genomic screening of monocot and dicot species. The barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV) has been described as an effective VIGS vehicle for the evaluation of genes involved in wheat and barley phytopathogenesis; however, these studies have been obscured by BSMV-induced phenotypes and defense responses. The utility of BSMV VIGS may be improved using a BSMV genetic background which is more tolerable to the host plant especially upon secondary infection of highly aggressive, necrotrophic pathogens such as Fusarium graminearum. RESULTS BSMV-induced VIGS in Triticum aestivum (bread wheat) cv. 'Fielder' was assessed for the study of wheat genes putatively related to Fusarium Head Blight (FHB), the necrotrophism of wheat and other cereals by F. graminearum. Due to the lack of 'Fielder' spike viability and increased accumulation of Fusarium-derived deoxynivalenol contamination upon co-infection of BSMV and FHB, an attenuated BSMV construct was generated by the addition of a glycine-rich, C-terminal peptide to the BSMV γ b protein. This attenuated BSMV effectively silenced target wheat genes while limiting disease severity, deoxynivalenol contamination, and yield loss upon Fusarium co-infection compared to the original BSMV construct. The attenuated BSMV-infected tissue exhibited reduced abscisic, jasmonic, and salicylic acid defense phytohormone accumulation upon secondary Fusarium infection. Finally, the attenuated BSMV was used to investigate the role of the salicylic acid-responsive pathogenesis-related 1 in response to FHB. CONCLUSIONS The use of an attenuated BSMV may be advantageous in characterizing wheat genes involved in phytopathogenesis, including Fusarium necrotrophism, where minimal viral background effects on defense are required. Additionally, the attenuated BSMV elicits reduced defense hormone accumulation, suggesting that this genotype may have applications for the investigation of phytohormone-related signaling, developmental responses, and pathogen defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leann M. Buhrow
- />Aquatic and Crop Resources Development Portfolio, National Research Council of Canada, 110 Gymnasium Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W9 Canada
| | - Shawn M. Clark
- />Aquatic and Crop Resources Development Portfolio, National Research Council of Canada, 110 Gymnasium Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W9 Canada
| | - Michele C. Loewen
- />Aquatic and Crop Resources Development Portfolio, National Research Council of Canada, 110 Gymnasium Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W9 Canada
- />Department of Biochemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Rd., Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5 Canada
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594
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Serba DD, Yadav RS. Genomic Tools in Pearl Millet Breeding for Drought Tolerance: Status and Prospects. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1724. [PMID: 27920783 PMCID: PMC5118443 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Pearl millet [Penisetum glaucum (L) R. Br.] is a hardy cereal crop grown in the arid and semiarid tropics where other cereals are likely to fail to produce economic yields due to drought and heat stresses. Adaptive evolution, a form of natural selection shaped the crop to grow and yield satisfactorily with limited moisture supply or under periodic water deficits in the soil. Drought tolerance is a complex polygenic trait that various morphological and physiological responses are controlled by 100s of genes and significantly influenced by the environment. The development of genomic tools will have enormous potential to improve the efficiency and precision of conventional breeding. The apparent independent domestication events, highly outcrossing nature and traditional cultivation in stressful environments maintained tremendous amount of polymorphism in pearl millet. This high polymorphism of the crop has been revealed by genome mapping that in turn stimulated the mapping and tagging of genomic regions controlling important traits such as drought tolerance. Mapping of a major QTL for terminal drought tolerance in independent populations envisaged the prospect for the development of molecular breeding in pearl millet. To accelerate genetic gains for drought tolerance targeted novel approaches such as establishment of marker-trait associations, genomic selection tools, genome sequence and genotyping-by-sequencing are still limited. Development and application of high throughput genomic tools need to be intensified to improve the breeding efficiency of pearl millet to minimize the impact of climate change on its production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desalegn D. Serba
- Agricultural Research Center-Hays, Kansas State University, HaysKS, USA
- *Correspondence: Desalegn D. Serba,
| | - Rattan S. Yadav
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth UniversityAberystwyth, UK
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595
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Guo M, Liu JH, Ma X, Luo DX, Gong ZH, Lu MH. The Plant Heat Stress Transcription Factors (HSFs): Structure, Regulation, and Function in Response to Abiotic Stresses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:114. [PMID: 26904076 PMCID: PMC4746267 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 319] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stresses such as high temperature, salinity, and drought adversely affect the survival, growth, and reproduction of plants. Plants respond to such unfavorable changes through developmental, physiological, and biochemical ways, and these responses require expression of stress-responsive genes, which are regulated by a network of transcription factors (TFs), including heat stress transcription factors (HSFs). HSFs play a crucial role in plants response to several abiotic stresses by regulating the expression of stress-responsive genes, such as heat shock proteins (Hsps). In this review, we describe the conserved structure of plant HSFs, the identification of HSF gene families from various plant species, their expression profiling under abiotic stress conditions, regulation at different levels and function in abiotic stresses. Despite plant HSFs share highly conserved structure, their remarkable diversification across plants reflects their numerous functions as well as their integration into the complex stress signaling and response networks, which can be employed in crop improvement strategies via biotechnological intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Guo
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
| | - Jin-Hong Liu
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
| | - De-Xu Luo
- Vegetable Research and Development Centre, Huaiyin Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Jiangsu Xuhuai RegionHuaian, China
| | - Zhen-Hui Gong
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
- *Correspondence: Zhen-Hui Gong
| | - Ming-Hui Lu
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
- Ming-Hui Lu
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596
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Commisso M, Toffali K, Strazzer P, Stocchero M, Ceoldo S, Baldan B, Levi M, Guzzo F. Impact of Phenylpropanoid Compounds on Heat Stress Tolerance in Carrot Cell Cultures. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1439. [PMID: 27713760 PMCID: PMC5031593 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The phenylpropanoid and flavonoid families include thousands of specialized metabolites that influence a wide range of processes in plants, including seed dispersal, auxin transport, photoprotection, mechanical support and protection against insect herbivory. Such metabolites play a key role in the protection of plants against abiotic stress, in many cases through their well-known ability to inhibit the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, the precise role of specific phenylpropanoid and flavonoid molecules is unclear. We therefore investigated the role of specific anthocyanins (ACs) and other phenylpropanoids that accumulate in carrot cells cultivated in vitro, focusing on their supposed ability to protect cells from heat stress. First we characterized the effects of heat stress to identify quantifiable morphological traits as markers of heat stress susceptibility. We then fed the cultures with precursors to induce the targeted accumulation of specific compounds, and compared the impact of heat stress in these cultures and unfed controls. Data modeling based on projection to latent structures (PLS) regression revealed that metabolites containing coumaric or caffeic acid, including ACs, correlate with less heat damage. Further experiments suggested that one of the cellular targets damaged by heat stress and protected by these metabolites is the actin microfilament cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Commisso
- Department of Biotechnology, University of VeronaVerona, Italy
| | - Ketti Toffali
- Department of Biotechnology, University of VeronaVerona, Italy
| | - Pamela Strazzer
- Department of Biotechnology, University of VeronaVerona, Italy
| | | | - Stefania Ceoldo
- Department of Biotechnology, University of VeronaVerona, Italy
| | | | - Marisa Levi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of VeronaVerona, Italy
| | - Flavia Guzzo
- Department of Biotechnology, University of VeronaVerona, Italy
- *Correspondence: Flavia Guzzo,
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597
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Yadava P, Kaushal J, Gautam A, Parmar H, Singh I. Physiological and Biochemical Effects of 24-Epibrassinolide on Heat-Stress Adaptation in Maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.4236/ns.2016.84020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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598
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Role of Heat Shock Proteins in Improving Heat Stress Tolerance in Crop Plants. HEAT SHOCK PROTEINS AND PLANTS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-46340-7_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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599
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Small Heat Shock Proteins, a Key Player in Grass Plant Thermotolerance. HEAT SHOCK PROTEINS AND PLANTS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-46340-7_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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600
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Chen S, Li H. Heat Stress Regulates the Expression of Genes at Transcriptional and Post-Transcriptional Levels, Revealed by RNA-seq in Brachypodium distachyon. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:2067. [PMID: 28119730 PMCID: PMC5222869 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.02067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress greatly affects plant growth/development and influences the output of crops. With the increased occurrence of extreme high temperature, the negative influence on cereal products from heat stress becomes severer and severer. It is urgent to reveal the molecular mechanism in response to heat stress in plants. In this research, we used RNA-seq technology to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in leaves of seedlings, leaves and inflorescences at heading stage of Brachypodium distachyon, one model plant of grasses. Results showed many genes in responding to heat stress. Of them, the expression level of 656 DEGs were altered in three groups of samples treated with high temperature. Gene ontology (GO) analysis showed that the highly enriched DEGs were responsible for heat stress and protein folding. According to KEGG pathway analysis, the DEGs were related mainly to photosynthesis-antenna proteins, the endoplasmic reticulum, and the spliceosome. Additionally, the expression level of 454 transcription factors belonging to 49 gene families was altered, as well as 1,973 splicing events occurred after treatment with high temperature. This research lays a foundation for characterizing the molecular mechanism of heat stress response and identifying key genes for those responses in plants. These findings also clearly show that heat stress regulates the expression of genes not only at transcriptional level, but also at post-transcriptional level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoukun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
- Xinjiang Agricultural Vocational Technical CollegeChangji, China
| | - Haifeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
- Xinjiang Agricultural Vocational Technical CollegeChangji, China
- *Correspondence: Haifeng Li,
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