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Rancourt RC, Ott R, Ziska T, Schellong K, Melchior K, Henrich W, Plagemann A. Visceral Adipose Tissue Inflammatory Factors (TNF-Alpha, SOCS3) in Gestational Diabetes (GDM): Epigenetics as a Clue in GDM Pathophysiology. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020479. [PMID: 31940889 PMCID: PMC7014132 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes (GDM) is among the most challenging diseases in westernized countries, affecting mother and child, immediately and in later life. Obesity is a major risk factor for GDM. However, the impact visceral obesity and related epigenetics play for GDM etiopathogenesis have hardly been considered so far. Our recent findings within the prospective ‘EaCH’ cohort study of women with GDM or normal glucose tolerance (NGT), showed the role, critical factors of insulin resistance (i.e., adiponectin, insulin receptor) may have for GDM pathophysiology with epigenetically modified expression in subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral (VAT) adipose tissues. Here we investigated the expression and promoter methylation of key inflammatory candidates, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) in maternal adipose tissues collected during caesarian section (GDM, n = 19; NGT, n = 22). The mRNA expression of TNF-α and SOCS3 was significantly increased in VAT, but not in SAT, of GDM patients vs. NGT, accompanied by specific alterations of respective promoter methylation patterns. In conclusion, we propose a critical role of VAT and visceral obesity for the pathogenesis of GDM, with epigenetic alterations of the expression of inflammatory factors as a potential factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca C. Rancourt
- Division of ‘Experimental Obstetrics’, Clinic of Obstetrics, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (R.O.); (T.Z.); (K.S.); (K.M.); (A.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Raffael Ott
- Division of ‘Experimental Obstetrics’, Clinic of Obstetrics, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (R.O.); (T.Z.); (K.S.); (K.M.); (A.P.)
| | - Thomas Ziska
- Division of ‘Experimental Obstetrics’, Clinic of Obstetrics, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (R.O.); (T.Z.); (K.S.); (K.M.); (A.P.)
| | - Karen Schellong
- Division of ‘Experimental Obstetrics’, Clinic of Obstetrics, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (R.O.); (T.Z.); (K.S.); (K.M.); (A.P.)
| | - Kerstin Melchior
- Division of ‘Experimental Obstetrics’, Clinic of Obstetrics, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (R.O.); (T.Z.); (K.S.); (K.M.); (A.P.)
| | - Wolfgang Henrich
- Clinic of Obstetrics, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, 13353 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Andreas Plagemann
- Division of ‘Experimental Obstetrics’, Clinic of Obstetrics, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (R.O.); (T.Z.); (K.S.); (K.M.); (A.P.)
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602
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Gaytán-González A, Ocampo-Alfaro MDJ, Torres-Naranjo F, Arroniz-Rivera M, González-Mendoza RG, Gil-Barreiro M, López-Taylor JR. The Consumption of Two or Three Meals per Day with Adequate Protein Content Is Associated with Lower Risk of Physical Disability in Mexican Adults Aged 60 Years and Older. Geriatrics (Basel) 2020; 5:geriatrics5010001. [PMID: 31935870 PMCID: PMC7151001 DOI: 10.3390/geriatrics5010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Adequate protein intake per day has been associated with a lower risk of physical disability; however, if adequate protein intake per meal is also associated is unknown. The purpose of this study was to analyze the association between adequate protein intake per meal and physical disability in daily living activities in Mexican adults aged ≥60 years. We assessed the number of meals per day with an adequate protein content (24 h dietary recall), the presence of physical disability in daily living activities (two validated questionnaires), and their association in 187 participants through logistic regression. Consuming two or three meals per day with ≥30 g each was associated with lower risk of physical disability on Transportation (OR [95% CI]: 0.06 [0.01–0.50], p = 0.01), Shopping (0.05 [0.01–0.40], p = 0.004), Feeding (0.06 [0.01–0.74], p = 0.028), and Transfer (0.09 [0.01–0.98], p = 0.048). On the other hand, consuming two or three meals per day with ≥0.4 g/kg each was associated with lower risk of physical disability on Shopping (0.21 [0.05–0.89], p = 0.034) and Transportation (0.12 [0.03–0.48], p = 0.003). The consumption of two or three meals per day with adequate protein content is associated with lower risk of physical disability in Mexican adults aged 60 years and older.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Gaytán-González
- Institute of Applied Sciences for Physical Activity and Sport, Department of Human Movement Sciences, Education, Sport, Recreation, and Dance, University Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44430, Jalisco, Mexico; (F.T.-N.); (R.G.G.-M.); (J.R.L.-T.)
- Department of Human Reproduction, Infantile Growth, and Development, University Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44280, Jalisco, Mexico
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-1-333-619-9708
| | - María de Jesús Ocampo-Alfaro
- Geriatrics Department, Western General Hospital, Zapopan 45170, Jalisco, Mexico; (M.d.J.O.-A.); (M.A.-R.); (M.G.-B.)
| | - Francisco Torres-Naranjo
- Institute of Applied Sciences for Physical Activity and Sport, Department of Human Movement Sciences, Education, Sport, Recreation, and Dance, University Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44430, Jalisco, Mexico; (F.T.-N.); (R.G.G.-M.); (J.R.L.-T.)
- Center of Body Composition and Bone Research, Guadalajara 44600, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Maritza Arroniz-Rivera
- Geriatrics Department, Western General Hospital, Zapopan 45170, Jalisco, Mexico; (M.d.J.O.-A.); (M.A.-R.); (M.G.-B.)
| | - Roberto Gabriel González-Mendoza
- Institute of Applied Sciences for Physical Activity and Sport, Department of Human Movement Sciences, Education, Sport, Recreation, and Dance, University Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44430, Jalisco, Mexico; (F.T.-N.); (R.G.G.-M.); (J.R.L.-T.)
| | - Martha Gil-Barreiro
- Geriatrics Department, Western General Hospital, Zapopan 45170, Jalisco, Mexico; (M.d.J.O.-A.); (M.A.-R.); (M.G.-B.)
| | - Juan Ricardo López-Taylor
- Institute of Applied Sciences for Physical Activity and Sport, Department of Human Movement Sciences, Education, Sport, Recreation, and Dance, University Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44430, Jalisco, Mexico; (F.T.-N.); (R.G.G.-M.); (J.R.L.-T.)
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603
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Microvesicles and exosomes in metabolic diseases and inflammation. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2020; 51:27-39. [PMID: 31917095 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2019.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic diseases are based on a dysregulated crosstalk between various cells such as adipocytes, hepatocytes and immune cells. Generally, hormones and metabolites mediate this crosstalk that becomes alterated in metabolic syndrome including obesity and diabetes. Recently, Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) are emerging as a novel way of cell-to-cell communication and represent an attractive strategy to transfer fundamental informations between the cells through the transport of proteins and nucleic acids. EVs, released in the extracellular space, circulate via the various body fluids and modulate the cellular responses following their interaction with the near and far target cells. Clinical and experimental data support their role as biomarkers and bioeffectors in several diseases includimg also the metabolic syndrome. Despite numerous studies on the role of macrophages in the development of metabolic diseases, to date, there are little informations about the influence of metabolic stress on the EVs produced by macrophages and about the role of the released vesicles in the organism. Here, we review current understanding about the role of EVs in metabolic diseases, mainly in inflammation status burst. This knowledge may play a relevant role in health monitoring, medical diagnosis and personalized medicine.
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604
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Pejon TMM, Gobatto CA, Fabrício V, Beck WR. Moderate intensity swimming training on bone mineral density preservation under food restriction in female rats. MOTRIZ: REVISTA DE EDUCACAO FISICA 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/s1980-6574202000040062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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605
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Lempesis IG, Meijel RLJ, Manolopoulos KN, Goossens GH. Oxygenation of adipose tissue: A human perspective. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2020; 228:e13298. [PMID: 31077538 PMCID: PMC6916558 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a complex disorder of excessive adiposity, and is associated with adverse health effects such as cardiometabolic complications, which are to a large extent attributable to dysfunctional white adipose tissue. Adipose tissue dysfunction is characterized by adipocyte hypertrophy, impaired adipokine secretion, a chronic low‐grade inflammatory status, hormonal resistance and altered metabolic responses, together contributing to insulin resistance and related chronic diseases. Adipose tissue hypoxia, defined as a relative oxygen deficit, in obesity has been proposed as a potential contributor to adipose tissue dysfunction, but studies in humans have yielded conflicting results. Here, we will review the role of adipose tissue oxygenation in the pathophysiology of obesity‐related complications, with a specific focus on human studies. We will provide an overview of the determinants of adipose tissue oxygenation, as well as the role of adipose tissue oxygenation in glucose homeostasis, lipid metabolism and inflammation. Finally, we will discuss the putative effects of physiological and experimental hypoxia on adipose tissue biology and whole‐body metabolism in humans. We conclude that several lines of evidence suggest that alteration of adipose tissue oxygenation may impact metabolic homeostasis, thereby providing a novel strategy to combat chronic metabolic diseases in obese humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis G. Lempesis
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR) University of Birmingham Birmingham UK
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Birmingham Health Partners Birmingham UK
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism Maastricht University Medical Centre Maastricht the Netherlands
| | - Rens L. J. Meijel
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism Maastricht University Medical Centre Maastricht the Netherlands
| | - Konstantinos N. Manolopoulos
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR) University of Birmingham Birmingham UK
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Birmingham Health Partners Birmingham UK
| | - Gijs H. Goossens
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism Maastricht University Medical Centre Maastricht the Netherlands
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606
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Chen K, Xiao B, Zhou Z, Peng W, Liu W. Increased Energy Expenditure and Energy Loss Through Feces Contribute to the Long-Term Outcome of Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass in a Diet-Induced Obese Mouse Model. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:1545-1553. [PMID: 32440183 PMCID: PMC7212524 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s252971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) has been proved to be more effective than other bariatric procedures in the long term on body-weight loss and remission of diabetes. However, the mechanism remains poorly understood. Long-term changes in energy metabolism after RYGB have rarely been reported. OBJECTIVE To investigate the long-term effects of RYGB on energy metabolism on a diet-induced obesity (DIO) mouse model. METHODS DIO mice fed a high-fat diet were assigned to two groups: RYGB (n=8) and sham (n=7), followed by high-fat diet feeding until 12 weeks after surgery. Body weight and food intake were recorded weekly. Measurement of body composition and energy metabolism by metabolic chamber were conducted at weeks 4, 8, and 12 after surgery. Fecal energy measurement, intraperitoneal glucose-tolerance tests, and insulin-tolerance tests were conducted at postoperative week 12. RESULTS Food intake was reduced in the RYGB group within the first 3 weeks after surgery and increased to the same as the sham group from postoperative week 4. At 12 weeks after surgery, body weight had reduced by 36%±3.2% in the RYGB group compared to a 16%±2% body-weight gain in the sham group, while fat mass had reduced significantly in the RYGB group compared to the sham group (9.2%±1.5% versus 30.1%±0.7%). Energy expenditure was significantly higher at postoperative week 8 in the RYGB group than the sham group. In comparison with the sham group, the respiratory exchange ratio was unchanged, decreased, and increased in the RYGB group at postoperative weeks 4, 8, and 12, respectively. Fecal energy measurement showed that feces from mice in the RYGB group contained higher energy levels than the sham group. Glucose metabolism had significantly improved in the RYGB group, in contrast to the sham group, demonstrated by intraperitoneal glucose tolerance tests (AUC 1,502±104 versus 2,277±198, respectively) and insulin tolerance tests (AUC 524±50 versus 838±63, respectively). CONCLUSION Increased energy expenditure and energy loss through feces contribute to long-term body-weight control after RYGB. Enhanced glucose utilization might play a role in long-term improvement in glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Chen
- Department of Biliopancreatic Surgery and Metabolic Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Boen Xiao
- Department of Biliopancreatic Surgery and Metabolic Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhe Zhou
- Department of Biliopancreatic Surgery and Metabolic Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weihui Peng
- Department of Biliopancreatic Surgery and Metabolic Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Biliopancreatic Surgery and Metabolic Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Wei Liu Email
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607
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Riuzzi F, Chiappalupi S, Arcuri C, Giambanco I, Sorci G, Donato R. S100 proteins in obesity: liaisons dangereuses. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:129-147. [PMID: 31363816 PMCID: PMC11104817 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03257-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is an endemic pathophysiological condition and a comorbidity associated with hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and cancer. The adipose tissue of obese subjects shows hypertrophic adipocytes, adipocyte hyperplasia, and chronic low-grade inflammation. S100 proteins are Ca2+-binding proteins exclusively expressed in vertebrates in a cell-specific manner. They have been implicated in the regulation of a variety of functions acting as intracellular Ca2+ sensors transducing the Ca2+ signal and extracellular factors affecting cellular activity via ligation of a battery of membrane receptors. Certain S100 proteins, namely S100A4, the S100A8/S100A9 heterodimer and S100B, have been implicated in the pathophysiology of obesity-promoting macrophage-based inflammation via toll-like receptor 4 and/or receptor for advanced glycation end-products ligation. Also, serum levels of S100A4, S100A8/S100A9, S100A12, and S100B correlate with insulin resistance/type 2 diabetes, metabolic risk score, and fat cell size. Yet, secreted S100B appears to exert neurotrophic effects on sympathetic fibers in brown adipose tissue contributing to the larger sympathetic innervation of this latter relative to white adipose tissue. In the present review we first briefly introduce S100 proteins and then critically examine their role(s) in adipose tissue and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Riuzzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Perugia Medical School, University of Perugia, Piazza Lucio Severi 1, 06132, Perugia, Italy
- Interuniversity Institute of Myology (IIM), University of Perugia, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Sara Chiappalupi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Perugia Medical School, University of Perugia, Piazza Lucio Severi 1, 06132, Perugia, Italy
- Interuniversity Institute of Myology (IIM), University of Perugia, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Cataldo Arcuri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Perugia Medical School, University of Perugia, Piazza Lucio Severi 1, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Ileana Giambanco
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Perugia Medical School, University of Perugia, Piazza Lucio Severi 1, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Guglielmo Sorci
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Perugia Medical School, University of Perugia, Piazza Lucio Severi 1, 06132, Perugia, Italy
- Interuniversity Institute of Myology (IIM), University of Perugia, 06132, Perugia, Italy
- Centro Universitario di Ricerca sulla Genomica Funzionale, University of Perugia, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Rosario Donato
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Perugia Medical School, University of Perugia, Piazza Lucio Severi 1, 06132, Perugia, Italy.
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608
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Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid A (THCA-A) reduces adiposity and prevents metabolic disease caused by diet-induced obesity. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 171:113693. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.113693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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609
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Hu Q, Lu Y, Hu F, He S, Xu X, Niu Y, Zhang H, Li X, Su Q. Resistant dextrin reduces obesity and attenuates adipose tissue inflammation in high-fat diet-fed mice. Int J Med Sci 2020; 17:2611-2621. [PMID: 33162789 PMCID: PMC7645326 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.45723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistant dextrin (RD), a short chain glucose polymer, has been shown to improve type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in clinical studies. However, the improvement of adipose tissue inflammation and specific mechanisms of RD supplementation in obesity have not been fully investigated. Therefore, we examined whether RD attenuates obesity and adipose tissue inflammation in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. Male C57BL/6 mice were fed a chow diet, a HFD or a HFD with RD supplementation for 12 weeks. Body weight (BW), fasting blood glucose (FBG), epididymal fat accumulation, serum total triglyceride (TG), free fatty acid (FFA) and inflammatory cytokine levels (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10) were measured. Inflammation markers and macrophage infiltration in epididymal adipose tissue were observed. After 12 weeks of intervention, the body weight gain of mice in RD supplementation group was less than that in HFD group. FBG, epididymal fat accumulation, serum TG and FFA levels were reduced in RD supplementation group compared with HFD group. Moreover, serum and mRNA levels of IL-6 were significantly reduced in the RD supplementation group. In addition, RD supplementation reduced macrophage infiltration, regulated polarization of macrophage and inhibited NF-κB signaling in epididymal adipose tissue. In conclusion, RD reduces obesity and attenuates adipose tissue inflammation in HFD-fed mice, and the inhibition of NF-κB signaling may be a presumed mechanism for its effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyue Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yao Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Fan Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Sunyue He
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yixin Niu
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiaoyong Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Qing Su
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
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610
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Fernø J, Strand K, Mellgren G, Stiglund N, Björkström NK. Natural Killer Cells as Sensors of Adipose Tissue Stress. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2020; 31:3-12. [PMID: 31597606 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2019.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) orchestrate low-grade chronic adipose tissue inflammation, linking obesity and insulin resistance. Whereas factors contributing to macrophage accumulation in adipose tissue are established, little is known regarding signals that link adipocyte stress to proinflammatory activation of macrophages. Natural killer (NK) cells are specialized innate lymphocytes that identify and respond to stressed cells. In this Opinion, we discuss the possibility of NK cells to function as sensors recognizing adipose tissue stress. We further summarize recent literature suggesting NK cells to play an important role in development of insulin resistance via secretion of cytokines that stimulate proinflammatory polarization of ATMs. This suggests adipose tissue-resident NK cells as a pharmacological target for the treatment of obesity-induced insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Fernø
- Hormone Laboratory, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021, Bergen, Norway; Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Kristina Strand
- Hormone Laboratory, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021, Bergen, Norway; Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Gunnar Mellgren
- Hormone Laboratory, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021, Bergen, Norway; Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Natalie Stiglund
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Niklas K Björkström
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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611
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Anthocyanin supplementation inhibits secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines in overweight and obese individuals. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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612
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Jin B, Lin H, Yuan J, Dong G, Huang K, Wu W, Chen X, Zhang L, Wang J, Liang X, Dai Y, Xu X, Zhou X, Zhu M, Li G, Cutfield WS, Hofman PL, Derraik JGB, Fu J. Abdominal Adiposity and Total Body Fat as Predictors of Cardiometabolic Health in Children and Adolescents With Obesity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:579. [PMID: 33013688 PMCID: PMC7498567 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: We aimed to assess the role of adipose tissue distribution in cardiometabolic risk (in particular insulin sensitivity) in a population of children and adolescents with obesity. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, participants were 479 children and adolescents with obesity (322 boys and 157 girls) aged 3 to 18 years attending the Children's Hospital at Zhejiang University School of Medicine (Hangzhou, China). Clinical assessments included anthropometry, body composition (DXA scans), carotid artery ultrasounds, and OGTT. Insulin sensitivity was assessed using the Matsuda index. Participants were stratified into groups by sex and pubertal stage. Key predictors were DXA-derived android-to-gynoid-fat ratio (A/G) and total body fat percentage (TBF%). Results: Irrespective of sex and pubertal stage, there was a strong association between increasing A/G (i.e., greater abdominal adiposity) and lower insulin sensitivity. In multivariable models, every 0.1 increase in A/G was associated with a reduction in insulin sensitivity in prepubertal boys [-29% (95% CI -36%, -20%); p < 0.0001], pubertal boys [-13% (95% CI -21%, -6%); p = 0.001], and pubertal girls [-16% (95% CI -24%, -6%); p = 0.002]. In contrast, TBF% was not associated with insulin sensitivity when A/G was adjusted for, irrespective of pubertal stage or sex. In addition, every 0.1 increase in A/G was associated with increased likelihood of dyslipidemia in prepubertal boys [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.62 (95% CI 1.05, 2.49)], impaired glucose tolerance in pubertal boys [aOR 1.64 (95% CI 1.07, 2.51)] and pubertal girls [aOR 1.81 (95% CI 1.10, 2.98)], and odds of NAFLD in both prepubertal [aOR 2.57 (95% CI 1.56, 4.21)] and pubertal [aOR 1.69 (95% CI 1.18, 2.40)] boys. In contrast, higher TBF% was only associated with higher fasting insulin and ALT in pubertal boys, being also predictive of NAFLD in this group [aOR 1.15 per percentage point (95% CI 1.06, 1.26)], but was not associated with the likelihood of other cardiometabolic outcomes assessed in any group. Conclusions: A/G is a much stronger independent predictor of cardiometabolic risk factors in children and adolescents with obesity in China, particularly glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binghan Jin
- Department of Endocrinology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hu Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinna Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guanping Dong
- Department of Endocrinology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ke Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuefeng Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinling Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinyi Liang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yangli Dai
- Department of Endocrinology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqin Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuelian Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mingqiang Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guohua Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wayne S. Cutfield
- Department of Endocrinology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- A Better Start – National Science Challenge, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Paul L. Hofman
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - José G. B. Derraik
- Department of Endocrinology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- A Better Start – National Science Challenge, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- *Correspondence: José G. B. Derraik
| | - Junfen Fu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
- Junfen Fu ;
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613
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Chernis N, Masschelin P, Cox AR, Hartig SM. Bisphenol AF promotes inflammation in human white adipocytes. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 318:C63-C72. [PMID: 31596606 PMCID: PMC6985838 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00175.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals interact with transcription factors essential for adipocyte differentiation. Exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals corresponds with elevated risks of obesity, but the effects of these compounds on human cells remain largely undefined. Widespread use of bisphenol AF (BPAF) as a bisphenol A (BPA) alternative in the plastics industry presents unknown health risks. To this end, we discovered that BPAF interferes with the metabolic function of mature human adipocytes. Although 4-day exposures to BPAF accelerated adipocyte differentiation, we observed no effect on mature fat cell marker genes. Additional gene and protein expression analysis showed that BPAF treatment during human adipocyte differentiation failed to suppress the proinflammatory transcription factor STAT1. Microscopy and respirometry experiments demonstrated that BPAF impaired mitochondrial function and structure. To test the hypothesis that BPAF fosters vulnerabilities to STAT1 activation, we treated mature adipocytes previously exposed to BPAF with interferon-γ (IFNγ). BPAF increased IFNγ activation of STAT1 and exposed mitochondrial vulnerabilities that disrupt adipocyte lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. Collectively, our data establish that BPAF activates inflammatory signaling pathways that degrade metabolic activity in human adipocytes. These findings suggest how the BPA alternative BPAF contributes to metabolic changes that correspond with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Chernis
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Peter Masschelin
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Aaron R Cox
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Sean M Hartig
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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614
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Ge T, Yang J, Zhou S, Wang Y, Li Y, Tong X. The Role of the Pentose Phosphate Pathway in Diabetes and Cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:365. [PMID: 32582032 PMCID: PMC7296058 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) branches from glucose 6-phosphate (G6P), produces NADPH and ribose 5-phosphate (R5P), and shunts carbons back to the glycolytic or gluconeogenic pathway. The PPP has been demonstrated to be a major regulator for cellular reduction-oxidation (redox) homeostasis and biosynthesis. Enzymes in the PPP are reported to play important roles in many human diseases. In this review, we will discuss the role of the PPP in type 2 diabetes and cancer.
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615
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Zhu L, Yang B, Ma D, Wang L, Duan W. Hydrogen Sulfide, Adipose Tissue and Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:1873-1886. [PMID: 32581562 PMCID: PMC7276333 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s249605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is now increasingly considered to be the third gasotransmitter alongside other gaseous signaling molecules, nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO). H2S is produced by a variety of endogenous enzymatic and non-enzymatic pathways and acts as a modulator of the physiological and pathological events of the body. Adipocytes express the cystathionine γ lyase (CSE)/H2S system, which modulates a variety of biological activities in adipose tissue (AT), including inflammation, apoptosis, insulin resistance, adipokine secretion and adipocyte differentiation. Abnormalities in the physiological functions of AT play an important role in the process of diabetes mellitus. Therefore, this review provides an overview of the general aspects of H2S biochemistry, the effect of H2S on AT function and diabetes mellitus and its molecular signalling mechanisms as well as the potential application of H2S in pharmacotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medicine College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Yang
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongxia Ma
- Department of Allergy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lan Wang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medicine College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wu Duan
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan250012, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Wu Duan Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan250012, People’s Republic of China Tel/Fax +86-531-8692-7544 Email
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616
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King KY, Huang Y, Nakada D, Goodell MA. Environmental influences on clonal hematopoiesis. Exp Hematol 2019; 83:66-73. [PMID: 31893524 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2019.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Clonal hematopoiesis (CH) has emerged as an important factor linked to adverse health conditions in the elderly. CH is characterized by an overrepresentation of genetically distinct hematopoietic stem cell clones in the peripheral blood. Whereas the genetic mutations that underlie CH have been closely scrutinized, relatively little attention has been paid to the environmental factors that may influence the emergence of one dominant stem cell clone. As there is huge individual variation in latency between acquisition of a genetic mutation and emergence of CH, environmental factors likely play a major role. Indeed, environmental stressors such as inflammation, chemotherapy, and metabolic syndromes are known to affect steady-state hematopoiesis. To date, epidemiologic studies point toward smoking and prior chemotherapy exposure as likely contributors to some forms of CH, though the impact of other environmental factors is also being investigated. Mechanistic studies in murine models indicate that the role of different environmental factors in CH emergence may be highly specific to the mutation that marks each stem cell clone. For instance, recent studies have found that clones with mutations in the PPM1D gene are more resistant to genotoxic stress induced by chemotherapy. These clones thus have a competitive advantage in the setting of chemotherapy, but not in other types of stress. Here we review currently available literature on the interplay between environment and the genetic landscapes in CH and highlight critical areas for future study. Improved understanding of the effects of environmental stress on emergence of CH with mutation-specific clarity will guide future efforts to provide preventive medicine to individuals with CH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Y King
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Pediatrics, Section of Infectious Diseases, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.
| | - Yun Huang
- Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX
| | - Daisuke Nakada
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Margaret A Goodell
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Pediatrics, Section of Infectious Diseases, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
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617
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Jalilvand A, Blaszczak A, Needleman B, Hsueh W, Noria S. Vitamin A Deficiency in Patients Undergoing Sleeve Gastrectomy and Gastric Bypass: A 2-Year, Single-Center Review. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2019; 30:20-30. [PMID: 31855096 DOI: 10.1089/lap.2019.0627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is an underreported micronutrient deficiency after bariatric surgery (BS). Objectives: The goal of this study was to characterize VAD prevalence in patients undergoing malabsorptive and restrictive procedures up to 2 years postoperatively. Methods: Primary sleeve gastrectomy (SG; n = 322) and gastric bypass (GB; n = 249) patients were reviewed. Levels for overall VAD (oVAD; retinol <39 mcg/dL) and moderate VAD (mVAD; retinol <30 mcg/dL) were reported preoperatively and 6, 12, and 24 months postoperatively. Differences in demographic, surgical, and postoperative data were tested between these groups. Settings: Single-center academic institution. Results: Serum retinol levels were documented for 56%, 74%, 61%, and 37% of patients for listed time points. Baseline retinol inversely correlated to preop body mass index (BMI) (R = -0.15, P = .007). Both oVAD and mVAD peaked 6 months postoperatively (33% vs. 15%, P < .005; 12% vs. 4%, P = .0004, respectively). oVAD remained elevated at 24 months (22% vs. 15%, P = .03). Compared to SG, oVAD was higher following GB at 6 months (39% vs. 28%, P = .001) and 12 months (26% vs. 17%, P = .04), and mVAD was greater with GB at 6 months (18% vs. 6%, P < .0005). African American patients had higher oVAD/mVAD preoperatively (26% vs. 13%, P = .02; 13% vs. 3%, P = .001, respectively) and at 6 months (19% vs. 10%, P = .04). Prior mild VAD (retinol 1.05-1.35 μM) was significantly associated with mVAD up to 12 months postoperatively. Conclusions: Although higher following LRYGB, VAD is prevalent following both malabsorptive and restrictive procedures. Preoperative serum retinol is inversely correlated to increasing BMI, and African American race and mild VAD are associated with moderate VAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anahita Jalilvand
- Department of General and Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Ohio State Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | | | - Bradley Needleman
- Department of General and Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Ohio State Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Willa Hsueh
- Department of Endocrinology, The Ohio State Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Sabrena Noria
- Department of General and Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Ohio State Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
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618
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Jacobsen MJ, Havgaard JH, Anthon C, Mentzel CMJ, Cirera S, Krogh PM, Pundhir S, Karlskov-Mortensen P, Bruun CS, Lesnik P, Guerin M, Gorodkin J, Jørgensen CB, Fredholm M, Barrès R. Epigenetic and Transcriptomic Characterization of Pure Adipocyte Fractions From Obese Pigs Identifies Candidate Pathways Controlling Metabolism. Front Genet 2019; 10:1268. [PMID: 31921306 PMCID: PMC6927937 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.01268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Reprogramming of adipocyte function in obesity is implicated in metabolic disorders like type 2 diabetes. Here, we used the pig, an animal model sharing many physiological and pathophysiological similarities with humans, to perform in-depth epigenomic and transcriptomic characterization of pure adipocyte fractions. Using a combined DNA methylation capture sequencing and Reduced Representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS) strategy in 11 lean and 12 obese pigs, we identified in 3529 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) located at close proximity to-, or within genes in the adipocytes. By sequencing of the transcriptome from the same fraction of isolated adipocytes, we identified 276 differentially expressed transcripts with at least one or more DMR. These transcripts were over-represented in gene pathways related to MAPK, metabolic and insulin signaling. Using a candidate gene approach, we further characterized 13 genes potentially regulated by DNA methylation and identified putative transcription factor binding sites that could be affected by the differential methylation in obesity. Our data constitute a valuable resource for further investigations aiming to delineate the epigenetic etiology of metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Juul Jacobsen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jakob H Havgaard
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Anthon
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Caroline M Junker Mentzel
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susanna Cirera
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Poula Maltha Krogh
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sachin Pundhir
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Karlskov-Mortensen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Camilla S Bruun
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Philippe Lesnik
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Pierre and Marie Curie University, Pitié-Salpetrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Maryse Guerin
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Pierre and Marie Curie University, Pitié-Salpetrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Jan Gorodkin
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claus B Jørgensen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Merete Fredholm
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Romain Barrès
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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619
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Chan CB, Ahuja P, Ye K. Developing Insulin and BDNF Mimetics for Diabetes Therapy. Curr Top Med Chem 2019; 19:2188-2204. [PMID: 31660832 DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666191010160643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is a global public health concern nowadays. The majority of diabetes mellitus (DM) patients belong to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which is highly associated with obesity. The general principle of current therapeutic strategies for patients with T2DM mainly focuses on restoring cellular insulin response by potentiating the insulin-induced signaling pathway. In late-stage T2DM, impaired insulin production requires the patients to receive insulin replacement therapy for maintaining their glucose homeostasis. T2DM patients also demonstrate a drop of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in their circulation, which suggests that replenishing BDNF or enhancing its downstream signaling pathway may be beneficial. Because of their protein nature, recombinant insulin or BDNF possess several limitations that hinder their clinical application in T2DM treatment. Thus, developing orally active "insulin pill" or "BDNF pill" is essential to provide a more convenient and effective therapy. This article reviews the current development of non-peptidyl chemicals that mimic insulin or BDNF and their potential as anti-diabetic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Bun Chan
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Palak Ahuja
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Keqiang Ye
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University of School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
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620
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We seek to characterize the impact of bariatric surgery on diabetes mellitus by recalling its history, examining the clinical data, exploring the putative mechanisms of action, and anticipating its future. RECENT FINDINGS Results of clinical trials reveal that bariatric surgery induces remission of diabetes in 33-90% of individuals at 1-year post-treatment versus 0-39% of medically managed. Remission rates decrease over time but remain higher in surgically treated individuals. Investigations have revealed numerous actions of surgery including effects on intestinal physiology, neuronal signaling, incretin hormone secretion, bile acid metabolism, and microbiome changes. Bariatric surgery improves control of diabetes through both weight-dependent and weight-independent actions. These various mechanisms help explain the difference between individuals treated surgically vs. medically. They also explain differing effects of various bariatric surgery procedure types. Understanding how surgery affects diabetes will help optimize utilization of the therapy for both disease prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison H Affinati
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes (MEND), Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, 24 Frank Lloyd Wright Drive, Lobby G, Suite 1500, Ann Arbor, MI, 48106-0482, USA
| | - Nazanene H Esfandiari
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes (MEND), Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, 24 Frank Lloyd Wright Drive, Lobby G, Suite 1500, Ann Arbor, MI, 48106-0482, USA
| | - Elif A Oral
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes (MEND), Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, 24 Frank Lloyd Wright Drive, Lobby G, Suite 1500, Ann Arbor, MI, 48106-0482, USA
| | - Andrew T Kraftson
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes (MEND), Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, 24 Frank Lloyd Wright Drive, Lobby G, Suite 1500, Ann Arbor, MI, 48106-0482, USA.
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622
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Avtanski D, Pavlov VA, Tracey KJ, Poretsky L. Characterization of inflammation and insulin resistance in high-fat diet-induced male C57BL/6J mouse model of obesity. Animal Model Exp Med 2019; 2:252-258. [PMID: 31942557 PMCID: PMC6930989 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Animal models of diet-induced obesity (DIO) are commonly used in medical research for mimicking human diseases. There is no universal animal model, and careful evaluation of variety of factors needs to be considered when designing new experiments. Here, we investigated the effect of 9 weeks high-fat diet (HFD) intervention, providing 60% energy from fat, on parameters of inflammation and insulin resistance in male C57BL/6J mice. METHODS Six weeks old mice were initiated on regular diet (RD) or HFD providing 60 kcal energy from fat for 9 weeks. Fasting blood glucose levels were measured by glucometer, and fasting plasma levels of insulin and proinflammatory cytokines by Luminex assay. Insulin sensitivity was evaluated by using QUICKI and HOMA2 indexes. RESULTS HFD mice showed ~ 40% higher body weight and ~ 20% larger abdominal circumference, due to an increase in the white adipose tissue mass. Liver examination revealed increased size and higher hepatic lipid accumulation in livers from HFD mice compared to their RD counterparts. Animals from the HFD group were characterized with significantly higher presence of crown-like structures (CLS) in WAT and higher plasma levels of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, leptin, MCP-1, PAI-1, and resistin). HFD-fed mice also demonstrated impaired insulin sensitivity (lower QUICKI, higher HOMA-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and lower HOMA-percent sensitivity (HOMA-%S)) index values. CONCLUSION Male C57BL/6J mice on 9 weeks HFD providing 60 kcal energy from fat display impaired insulin sensitivity and chronic inflammation, thus making this DIO mouse model appropriate for studies of early stages of obesity-related pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimiter Avtanski
- Lenox Hill HospitalFriedman Diabetes InstituteNorthwell HealthNew YorkNYUSA
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical ResearchNorthwell HealthManhassetNYUSA
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/NorthwellHempsteadNYUSA
| | - Valentin A. Pavlov
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical ResearchNorthwell HealthManhassetNYUSA
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/NorthwellHempsteadNYUSA
| | - Kevin J. Tracey
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical ResearchNorthwell HealthManhassetNYUSA
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/NorthwellHempsteadNYUSA
| | - Leonid Poretsky
- Lenox Hill HospitalFriedman Diabetes InstituteNorthwell HealthNew YorkNYUSA
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical ResearchNorthwell HealthManhassetNYUSA
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/NorthwellHempsteadNYUSA
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623
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Jackson RM, Griesel BA, Short KR, Sparling D, Freeman WM, Olson AL. Weight Loss Results in Increased Expression of Anti-Inflammatory Protein CRISPLD2 in Mouse Adipose Tissue. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2019; 27:2025-2036. [PMID: 31746554 PMCID: PMC6873817 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes mellitus, whereas weight loss is associated with improved health outcomes. It is therefore important to learn how adipose contraction during weight loss contributes to improved health. It was hypothesized that adipose tissue undergoing weight loss would have a unique transcriptomic profile, expressing specific genes that might improve health. METHODS This study conducted an RNA-sequencing analysis of the epididymal adipose tissue of mice fed either a high-fat diet (HFD) or a regular rodent chow diet (RD) ad libitum for 10 weeks versus a cohort of mice fed HFD for the first 5 weeks before being swapped to an RD for the remainder of the study (swapped diet [SWAP]). RESULTS The swapped diet resulted in weight loss, with a parallel improvement in insulin sensitivity. RNA sequencing revealed several transcriptomic signatures distinct to adipose tissue in SWAP mice, distinguished from both RD and HFD adipose tissue. The analysis found a unique upregulated mRNA that encodes a secreted lipopolysaccharide-binding glycoprotein (CRISPLD2) in adipose tissue. Whereas cellular CRISPLD2 protein levels were unchanged, plasma CRIPSLD2 levels increased in SWAP mice following weight loss and could correlate with insulin sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these data demonstrate that CRISPLD2 is a circulating adipokine that may regulate adipocyte remodeling during weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M. Jackson
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Beth A. Griesel
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Kevin R. Short
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - David Sparling
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Willard M. Freeman
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Ann Louise Olson
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
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624
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Maller SM, Cagnoni AJ, Bannoud N, Sigaut L, Pérez Sáez JM, Pietrasanta LI, Yang RY, Liu FT, Croci DO, Di Lella S, Sundblad V, Rabinovich GA, Mariño KV. An adipose tissue galectin controls endothelial cell function via preferential recognition of 3-fucosylated glycans. FASEB J 2019; 34:735-753. [PMID: 31914594 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901817r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Upon overnutrition, adipocytes activate a homeostatic program to adjust anabolic pressure. An inflammatory response enables adipose tissue (AT) expansion with concomitant enlargement of its capillary network, and reduces energy storage by increasing insulin resistance. Galectin-12 (Gal-12), an endogenous lectin preferentially expressed in AT, plays a key role in adipocyte differentiation, lipolysis, and glucose homeostasis. Here, we reveal biochemical and biophysical determinants of Gal-12 structure, including its preferential recognition of 3-fucosylated structures, a unique feature among members of the galectin family. Furthermore, we identify a previously unanticipated role for this lectin in the regulation of angiogenesis within AT. Gal-12 showed preferential localization within the inner side of lipid droplets, and its expression was upregulated under hypoxic conditions. Through glycosylation-dependent binding to endothelial cells, Gal-12 promoted in vitro angiogenesis. Moreover, analysis of in vivo AT vasculature showed reduced vascular networks in Gal-12-deficient (Lgals12-/-) compared to wild-type mice, supporting a role for this lectin in AT angiogenesis. In conclusion, this study unveils biochemical, topological, and functional features of a hypoxia-regulated galectin in AT, which modulates endothelial cell function through recognition of 3-fucosylated glycans. Thus, glycosylation-dependent programs may control AT homeostasis by modulating endothelial cell biology with critical implications in metabolic disorders and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián M Maller
- Laboratorio de Glicómica Funcional y Molecular, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandro J Cagnoni
- Laboratorio de Glicómica Funcional y Molecular, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nadia Bannoud
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza (IHEM), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Lorena Sigaut
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires and Instituto de Física de Buenos Aires (IFIBA-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan M Pérez Sáez
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lía I Pietrasanta
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires and Instituto de Física de Buenos Aires (IFIBA-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Centro de Microscopías Avanzadas (CMA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ri-Yao Yang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Fu-Tong Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Diego O Croci
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza (IHEM), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Santiago Di Lella
- Instituto de Química Biológica, Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Victoria Sundblad
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriel A Rabinovich
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Karina V Mariño
- Laboratorio de Glicómica Funcional y Molecular, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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625
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Misselbeck K, Parolo S, Lorenzini F, Savoca V, Leonardelli L, Bora P, Morine MJ, Mione MC, Domenici E, Priami C. A network-based approach to identify deregulated pathways and drug effects in metabolic syndrome. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5215. [PMID: 31740673 PMCID: PMC6861239 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13208-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is a pathological condition characterized by obesity, hyperglycemia, hypertension, elevated levels of triglycerides and low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol that increase cardiovascular disease risk and type 2 diabetes. Although numerous predisposing genetic risk factors have been identified, the biological mechanisms underlying this complex phenotype are not fully elucidated. Here we introduce a systems biology approach based on network analysis to investigate deregulated biological processes and subsequently identify drug repurposing candidates. A proximity score describing the interaction between drugs and pathways is defined by combining topological and functional similarities. The results of this computational framework highlight a prominent role of the immune system in metabolic syndrome and suggest a potential use of the BTK inhibitor ibrutinib as a novel pharmacological treatment. An experimental validation using a high fat diet-induced obesity model in zebrafish larvae shows the effectiveness of ibrutinib in lowering the inflammatory load due to macrophage accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Misselbeck
- Fondazione The Microsoft Research University of Trento, Centre for Computational and Systems Biology (COSBI), Rovereto, Italy
- Department of Mathematics, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Silvia Parolo
- Fondazione The Microsoft Research University of Trento, Centre for Computational and Systems Biology (COSBI), Rovereto, Italy.
| | - Francesca Lorenzini
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Valeria Savoca
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Lorena Leonardelli
- Fondazione The Microsoft Research University of Trento, Centre for Computational and Systems Biology (COSBI), Rovereto, Italy
| | - Pranami Bora
- Fondazione The Microsoft Research University of Trento, Centre for Computational and Systems Biology (COSBI), Rovereto, Italy
| | - Melissa J Morine
- Fondazione The Microsoft Research University of Trento, Centre for Computational and Systems Biology (COSBI), Rovereto, Italy
| | - Maria Caterina Mione
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Enrico Domenici
- Fondazione The Microsoft Research University of Trento, Centre for Computational and Systems Biology (COSBI), Rovereto, Italy.
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy.
| | - Corrado Priami
- Fondazione The Microsoft Research University of Trento, Centre for Computational and Systems Biology (COSBI), Rovereto, Italy.
- Department of Computer Science, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
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626
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Blin-Wakkach C, de Vries TJ. Editorial: Advances in Osteoimmunology. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2595. [PMID: 31798574 PMCID: PMC6863927 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Claudine Blin-Wakkach
- Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France.,CNRS UMR7370, Laboratoire de PhysioMédecine Moléculaire, Nice, France
| | - Teun J de Vries
- Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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627
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Weger-Lucarelli J, Carrau L, Levi LI, Rezelj V, Vallet T, Blanc H, Boussier J, Megrian D, Coutermarsh-Ott S, LeRoith T, Vignuzzi M. Host nutritional status affects alphavirus virulence, transmission, and evolution. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1008089. [PMID: 31710653 PMCID: PMC6872174 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Malnourishment, specifically overweight/obesity and undernourishment, affects more than 2.5 billion people worldwide, with the number affected ever-increasing. Concurrently, emerging viral diseases, particularly those that are mosquito-borne, have spread dramatically in the past several decades, culminating in outbreaks of several viruses worldwide. Both forms of malnourishment are known to lead to an aberrant immune response, which can worsen disease outcomes and reduce vaccination efficacy for viral pathogens such as influenza and measles. Given the increasing rates of malnutrition and spread of arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses), there is an urgent need to understand the role of host nutrition on the infection, virulence, and transmission of these viruses. To address this gap in knowledge, we infected lean, obese, and undernourished mice with arthritogenic arboviruses from the genus Alphavirus and assessed morbidity, virus replication, transmission, and evolution. Obesity and undernourishment did not consistently influence virus replication in the blood of infected animals except for reductions in virus in obese mice late in infection. However, morbidity was increased in obese mice under all conditions. Using Mayaro virus (MAYV) as a model arthritogenic alphavirus, we determined that both obese and undernourished mice transmit virus less efficiently to mosquitoes than control (lean) mice. In addition, viral genetic diversity and replicative fitness were reduced in virus isolated from obese compared to lean controls. Taken together, nutrition appears to alter the course of alphavirus infection and should be considered as a critical environmental factor during outbreaks. Over- and undernutrition, collectively known as malnutrition, affect over 2.5 billion people worldwide. Associations between malnutrition and mosquito-borne virus infection and resulting disease have been identified in epidemiological studies but have not been explored in controlled studies. Here, we infect obese or undernourished mice with different arthritis inducing viruses in the genus Alphavirus and measure disease symptoms, viral replication, transmission, and evolution. We found that markers of disease, namely weight loss and footpad swelling, were increased in obese mice. We also found that replication differences between mice fed different diets were minimal except late in infection for obese mice when levels of virus dropped significantly. When mosquitoes were allowed to feed on mice fed different diets, we observed reduced infection and transmission rates, depending on the diet. Finally, we found reduced genetic diversity and replicative fitness of virus isolated from obese mice. This study provides insights into the influence of nutrition on alphavirus pathogenesis and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Weger-Lucarelli
- Institut Pasteur, Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, Paris, France.,Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, VA-MD Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, United States of America
| | - Lucia Carrau
- Institut Pasteur, Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, Paris, France
| | - Laura I Levi
- Institut Pasteur, Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, Paris, France.,Ecole doctorale BioSPC, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Veronica Rezelj
- Institut Pasteur, Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Vallet
- Institut Pasteur, Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, Paris, France
| | - Hervé Blanc
- Institut Pasteur, Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, Paris, France
| | - Jérémy Boussier
- Institut Pasteur, Immunobiology of Dendritic Cells, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris, France
| | - Daniela Megrian
- Institut Pasteur, Evolutionary Biology of the Microbial Cell, Department of Microbiology, Paris, France
| | - Sheryl Coutermarsh-Ott
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, VA-MD Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, United States of America
| | - Tanya LeRoith
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, VA-MD Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, United States of America
| | - Marco Vignuzzi
- Institut Pasteur, Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, Paris, France
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628
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Effects of Dietary Apple Polyphenols Supplementation on Hepatic Fat Deposition and Antioxidant Capacity in Finishing Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9110937. [PMID: 31717391 PMCID: PMC6912552 DOI: 10.3390/ani9110937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Excessive fat deposition (5–10%) in the liver could lead to liver damage and nonalcohol fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, there is no satisfactory safe and effective measure of preventive and therapeutic treatments so far. Thus, the prevention of excessive fat deposition through diet modification might be a better strategy to protect humans from metabolic diseases. Due to the anatomical and physiological similarities between humans and pigs, the present study took the finishing pig as an animal model to investigate the effects of apple polyphenols on hepatic fat deposition and antioxidant capacity and their mechanisms. The present study indicated that apple polyphenols might be an effective dietary supplementation for decreasing the excessive fat deposition in liver tissue, improving lipid profiles and increasing the antioxidant capacity of finishing pigs. This study provides a better preventive strategy to protect humans from excessive fat deposition in the liver. Abstract Excessive fat deposition in the liver could lead to fatty liver and an increased risk of many metabolic diseases. Apple polyphenols (APPs), the major antioxidants in apples, possess wide-ranging beneficial biological functions. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of APPs on hepatic fat deposition and antioxidant capacity in finishing pigs, and their mechanisms. Results showed that APPs improved lipid profiles, increased antioxidant enzyme activities and reduced the fat deposition in the liver. In the liver, SOD1, CAT, GPX1, GST, NF-E2-related nuclear factor 2 (Nrf2), hormone sensitive lipase (HSL), carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1b (CPT1b), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) and low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-R) mRNA levels were increased by APPs, while Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) mRNA level, C16:0 and C20:4n-6 proportions and Δ9-18 dehydrogenase activity were decreased. In conclusion, this study indicated that APPs might be an effective dietary supplementation for improving lipid profiles, increasing antioxidant capacities and decreasing fat deposition in the liver.
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629
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Gálvez I, Martín-Cordero L, Hinchado MD, Álvarez-Barrientos A, Ortega E. Obesity Affects β2 Adrenergic Regulation of the Inflammatory Profile and Phenotype of Circulating Monocytes from Exercised Animals. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11112630. [PMID: 31684076 PMCID: PMC6893831 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Anomalous immune/inflammatory responses in obesity take place along with alterations in the neuroendocrine responses and dysregulation in the immune/stress feedback mechanisms. Exercise is a potential anti-inflammatory strategy in this context, but the influence of exercise on the β2 adrenergic regulation of the monocyte-mediated inflammatory response in obesity remains completely unknown. The first objective of this study was to analyze the effect of exercise on the inflammatory profile and phenotype of monocytes from obese and lean animals, and the second aim was to determine whether obesity could affect monocytes' inflammatory response to β2 adrenergic activation in exercised animals. C57BL/6J mice were allocated to different lean or obese groups: sedentary, with acute exercise, or with regular exercise. The inflammatory profile and phenotype of their circulating monocytes were evaluated by flow cytometry in the presence or absence of the selective β2 adrenergic receptor agonist terbutaline. Exercise caused an anti-inflammatory effect in obese individuals and a pro-inflammatory effect in lean individuals. β2 adrenergic receptor stimulation exerted a global pro-inflammatory effect in monocytes from exercised obese animals and an anti-inflammatory effect in monocytes from exercised lean animals. Thus, β2 adrenergic regulation of inflammation in monocytes from exercised animals seems to depend on the inflammatory basal set-point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Gálvez
- Grupo de Investigación en Inmunofisiología, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, 06071 Badajoz, Spain.
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación Biosanitaria de Extremadura (INUBE), 06071 Badajoz, Spain.
| | - Leticia Martín-Cordero
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación Biosanitaria de Extremadura (INUBE), 06071 Badajoz, Spain.
- Grupo de Investigación en Inmunofisiología, Departamento de Enfermería, Centro Universitario de Plasencia, Universidad de Extremadura, 10600 Plasencia, Spain.
| | - María Dolores Hinchado
- Grupo de Investigación en Inmunofisiología, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, 06071 Badajoz, Spain.
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación Biosanitaria de Extremadura (INUBE), 06071 Badajoz, Spain.
| | - Alberto Álvarez-Barrientos
- Servicio de Técnicas Aplicadas a la Biociencia (STAB), Universidad de Extremadura, 06071 Badajoz, Spain.
| | - Eduardo Ortega
- Grupo de Investigación en Inmunofisiología, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, 06071 Badajoz, Spain.
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación Biosanitaria de Extremadura (INUBE), 06071 Badajoz, Spain.
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630
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Haffa M, Holowatyj AN, Kratz M, Toth R, Benner A, Gigic B, Habermann N, Schrotz-King P, Böhm J, Brenner H, Schneider M, Ulrich A, Herpel E, Schirmacher P, Straub BK, Nattenmüller J, Kauczor HU, Lin T, Ball CR, Ulrich CM, Glimm H, Scherer D. Transcriptome Profiling of Adipose Tissue Reveals Depot-Specific Metabolic Alterations Among Patients with Colorectal Cancer. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:5225-5237. [PMID: 31225875 PMCID: PMC6763280 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2019-00461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Adipose tissue inflammation and dysregulated energy homeostasis are key mechanisms linking obesity and cancer. Distinct adipose tissue depots strongly differ in their metabolic profiles; however, comprehensive studies of depot-specific perturbations among patients with cancer are lacking. OBJECTIVE We compared transcriptome profiles of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) from patients with colorectal cancer and assessed the associations of different anthropometric measures with depot-specific gene expression. DESIGN Whole transcriptomes of VAT and SAT were measured in 233 patients from the ColoCare Study, and visceral and subcutaneous fat area were quantified via CT. RESULTS VAT compared with SAT showed elevated gene expression of cytokines, cell adhesion molecules, and key regulators of metabolic homeostasis. Increased fat area was associated with downregulated lipid and small molecule metabolism and upregulated inflammatory pathways in both compartments. Comparing these patterns between depots proved specific and more pronounced gene expression alterations in SAT and identified unique associations of integrins and lipid metabolism-related enzymes. VAT gene expression patterns that were associated with visceral fat area poorly overlapped with patterns associated with self-reported body mass index (BMI). However, subcutaneous fat area and BMI showed similar associations with SAT gene expression. CONCLUSIONS This large-scale human study demonstrates pronounced disparities between distinct adipose tissue depots and reveals that BMI poorly correlates with fat mass-associated changes in VAT. Taken together, these results provide crucial evidence for the necessity to differentiate between distinct adipose tissue depots for a correct characterization of gene expression profiles that may affect metabolic health of patients with colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Haffa
- Division of Translational Functional Cancer Genomics, National Center for Tumor Diseases Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Translational Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases Dresden and German Cancer Research Center, Dresden, Germany
- Division of Preventive Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreana N Holowatyj
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Mario Kratz
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Reka Toth
- Division of Preventive Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Axel Benner
- Division of Biostatistics, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Biljana Gigic
- Division of Preventive Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nina Habermann
- Division of Preventive Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Genome Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Petra Schrotz-King
- Division of Preventive Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Böhm
- Division of Preventive Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Preventive Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Schneider
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexis Ulrich
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Esther Herpel
- NCT Tissue Bank, National Center for Tumor Diseases and University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Schirmacher
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Beate K Straub
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, University Medicine Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Johanna Nattenmüller
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Kauczor
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tengda Lin
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Claudia R Ball
- Division of Translational Functional Cancer Genomics, National Center for Tumor Diseases Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Translational Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases Dresden and German Cancer Research Center, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Personalized Oncology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Cornelia M Ulrich
- Division of Preventive Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Hanno Glimm
- Division of Translational Functional Cancer Genomics, National Center for Tumor Diseases Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Translational Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases Dresden and German Cancer Research Center, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Personalized Oncology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- DKTK, Dresden, Germany
| | - Dominique Scherer
- Division of Preventive Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Informatics, University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: Dominique Scherer, PhD, Institute of Medical Biometry and Informatics, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 130.3, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany. E-mail:
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631
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Tan BL, Norhaizan ME. Effect of High-Fat Diets on Oxidative Stress, Cellular Inflammatory Response and Cognitive Function. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11112579. [PMID: 31731503 PMCID: PMC6893649 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive dysfunction is linked to chronic low-grade inflammatory stress that contributes to cell-mediated immunity in creating an oxidative environment. Food is a vitally important energy source; it affects brain function and provides direct energy. Several studies have indicated that high-fat consumption causes overproduction of circulating free fatty acids and systemic inflammation. Immune cells, free fatty acids, and circulating cytokines reach the hypothalamus and initiate local inflammation through processes such as microglial proliferation. Therefore, the role of high-fat diet (HFD) in promoting oxidative stress and neurodegeneration is worthy of further discussion. Of particular interest in this article, we highlight the associations and molecular mechanisms of HFD in the modulation of inflammation and cognitive deficits. Taken together, a better understanding of the role of oxidative stress in cognitive impairment following HFD consumption would provide a useful approach for the prevention of cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bee Ling Tan
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Mohd Esa Norhaizan
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Research Centre of Excellent, Nutrition and Non-Communicable Diseases (NNCD), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +603-8947-2427
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632
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Sittipo P, Shim JW, Lee YK. Microbial Metabolites Determine Host Health and the Status of Some Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215296. [PMID: 31653062 PMCID: PMC6862038 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is a highly complex organ composed of the intestinal epithelium layer, intestinal microbiota, and local immune system. Intestinal microbiota residing in the GI tract engages in a mutualistic relationship with the host. Different sections of the GI tract contain distinct proportions of the intestinal microbiota, resulting in the presence of unique bacterial products in each GI section. The intestinal microbiota converts ingested nutrients into metabolites that target either the intestinal microbiota population or host cells. Metabolites act as messengers of information between the intestinal microbiota and host cells. The intestinal microbiota composition and resulting metabolites thus impact host development, health, and pathogenesis. Many recent studies have focused on modulation of the gut microbiota and their metabolites to improve host health and prevent or treat diseases. In this review, we focus on the production of microbial metabolites, their biological impact on the intestinal microbiota composition and host cells, and the effect of microbial metabolites that contribute to improvements in inflammatory bowel diseases and metabolic diseases. Understanding the role of microbial metabolites in protection against disease might offer an intriguing approach to regulate disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panida Sittipo
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea.
| | - Jae-Won Shim
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea.
| | - Yun Kyung Lee
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea.
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633
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Rebollo-Hernanz M, Zhang Q, Aguilera Y, Martín-Cabrejas MA, Gonzalez de Mejia E. Phenolic compounds from coffee by-products modulate adipogenesis-related inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and insulin resistance in adipocytes, via insulin/PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 132:110672. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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634
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Chen P, Wang YY, Chen C, Guan J, Zhu HH, Chen Z. The immunological roles in acute-on-chronic liver failure: An update. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2019; 18:403-411. [PMID: 31303562 DOI: 10.1016/j.hbpd.2019.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) refers to the acute deterioration of liver function that occurs in patients with chronic liver disease. ACLF is characterized by acute decompensation, organ failure and high short-term mortality. Numerous studies have been conducted and remarkable progress has been made regarding the pathophysiology and pathogenesis of this disease in the last decade. The present review was to summarize the advances in this field. DATA SOURCES A comprehensive search in PubMed and EMBASE was conducted using the medical subject words "acute-on-chronic liver failure", "ACLF", "pathogenesis", "predictors", and "immunotherapy" combined with free text terms such as "systemic inflammation" and "immune paralysis". Relevant papers published before October 31, 2018, were included. RESULTS ACLF has two marked pathophysiological features, namely, excessive systemic inflammation and susceptibility to infection. The systemic inflammation is mainly manifested by a significant increase in the levels of plasma pro-inflammatory factors, leukocyte count and C-reactive protein. The underlying mechanisms are unclear and may be associated with decreased immune inhibitory cells, abnormal expression of cell surface molecules and intracellular regulatory pathways in immune cells and increased damage-associated molecular patterns in circulation. However, the main cause of susceptibility to infection is immune paralysis. Immunological paralysis is characterized by an attenuated activity of immune cells. The mechanisms are related to elevations of immune inhibitory cells and the concentration of plasma anti-inflammatory molecules. Some immune biological indicators, such as soluble CD163, are used to explore the pathogenesis and prognosis of the disease, and some immunotherapies, such as glucocorticoids and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, are effective on ACLF. CONCLUSIONS Overwhelming systemic inflammation and susceptibility to infection are two key features of ACLF. A better understanding of the state of a patient's immune system will help to guide immunotherapy for ACLF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Yun-Yun Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Chao Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Jun Guan
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Hai-Hong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, China.
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635
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NLRP3 inflammasome blockade reduces adipose tissue inflammation and extracellular matrix remodeling. Cell Mol Immunol 2019; 18:1045-1057. [PMID: 31551515 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-019-0296-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The NLRP3-IL-1β pathway plays an important role in adipose tissue (AT)-induced inflammation and the development of obesity-associated comorbidities. We aimed to determine the impact of NLRP3 on obesity and its associated metabolic alterations as well as its role in adipocyte inflammation and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. Samples obtained from 98 subjects were used in a case-control study. The expression of different components of the inflammasome as well as their main effectors and inflammation- and ECM remodeling-related genes were analyzed. The impact of blocking NLRP3 using siRNA in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated inflammation and ECM remodeling signaling pathways was evaluated. We demonstrated that obesity (P < 0.01), obesity-associated T2D (P < 0.01) and NAFLD (P < 0.05) increased the expression of different components of the inflammasome as well as the expression and release of IL-1β and IL-18 in AT. We also found that obese patients with T2D exhibited increased (P < 0.05) hepatic gene expression levels of NLRP3, IL1B and IL18. We showed that NLRP3, but not NLRP1, is regulated by inflammation and hypoxia in visceral adipocytes. We revealed that the inhibition of NLRP3 in human visceral adipocytes significantly blocked (P < 0.01) LPS-induced inflammation by downregulating the mRNA levels of CCL2, IL1B, IL6, IL8, S100A8, S100A9, TLR4 and TNF as well as inhibiting (P < 0.01) the secretion of IL1-β into the culture medium. Furthermore, blocking NLRP3 attenuated (P < 0.01) the LPS-induced expression of important molecules involved in AT fibrosis (COL1A1, COL4A3, COL6A3 and MMP2). These novel findings provide evidence that blocking the expression of NLRP3 reduces AT inflammation with significant fibrosis attenuation.
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636
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Said-Mohamed R, Stein AD, Pettifor JM, Norris SA. Sanitation and diarrhoea in infancy and CRP level at 18 years: the birth-to-twenty plus cohort. Ann Hum Biol 2019; 46:415-424. [DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2019.1657496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rihlat Said-Mohamed
- SA MRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Aryeh D. Stein
- SA MRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - John M. Pettifor
- SA MRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Shane A. Norris
- SA MRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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637
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Chang JF, Yeh JC, Ho CT, Liu SH, Hsieh CY, Wang TM, Chang SW, Lee IT, Huang KY, Wang JY, Lin WN. Targeting ROS and cPLA2/COX2 Expressions Ameliorated Renal Damage in Obese Mice with Endotoxemia. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184393. [PMID: 31500176 PMCID: PMC6769974 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with metabolic endotoxemia, reactive oxygen species (ROS), chronic inflammation, and obese kidney fibrosis. Although the fat–intestine–kidney axis has been documented, the pathomechanism and therapeutic targets of obese kidney fibrosis remain unelucidated. To mimic obese humans with metabolic endotoxemia, high-fat-diet-fed mice (HF group) were injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to yield the obese kidney fibrosis–metabolic endotoxemia mouse model (HL group). Therapeutic effects of ROS, cytosolic phospholipases A2 (cPLA2) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors were analyzed with a quantitative comparison of immunohistochemistry stains and morphometric approach in the tubulointerstitium of different groups. Compared with basal and HF groups, the HL group exhibited the most prominent obese kidney fibrosis, tubular epithelial lipid vacuoles, and lymphocyte infiltration in the tubulointerstitium. Furthermore, inhibitors of nonspecific ROS, cPLA2 and COX-2 ameliorated the above renal damages. Notably, the ROS-inhibitor-treated group ameliorated not only oxidative injury but also the expression of cPLA2 and COX-2, indicating that ROS functions as the upstream signaling molecule in the inflammatory cascade of obese kidney fibrosis. ROS acts as a key messenger in the signaling transduction of obese kidney fibrosis, activating downstream cPLA2 and COX-2. The given antioxidant treatment ameliorates obese kidney fibrosis resulting from a combined high-fat diet and LPS—ROS could serve as a potential therapeutic target of obese kidney fibrosis with metabolic endotoxemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Feng Chang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, En Chu Kong Hospital, New Taipei City 237, Taiwan.
- Renal Care Joint Foundation, New Taipei City 220, Taiwan.
- Department of Nursing, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institution of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan.
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan.
| | - Jih-Chen Yeh
- Renal Care Joint Foundation, New Taipei City 220, Taiwan.
- Department of Dentistry, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 220, Taiwan.
| | - Chun-Ta Ho
- Renal Care Joint Foundation, New Taipei City 220, Taiwan.
| | - Shih-Hao Liu
- Division of Pathology, En-Chu-Kong Hospital, New Taipei City 237, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Yu Hsieh
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, En Chu Kong Hospital, New Taipei City 237, Taiwan.
- Renal Care Joint Foundation, New Taipei City 220, Taiwan.
| | - Ting-Ming Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
| | - Shu-Wei Chang
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
| | - I-Ta Lee
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
| | - Kuo-Yang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Pathology and Parasitology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan.
| | - Jen-Yu Wang
- Graduate Institution of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Ning Lin
- Graduate Institution of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan.
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638
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Sahu BS, Rodriguez P, Nguyen ME, Han R, Cero C, Razzoli M, Piaggi P, Laskowski LJ, Pavlicev M, Muglia L, Mahata SK, O'Grady S, McCorvy JD, Baier LJ, Sham YY, Bartolomucci A. Peptide/Receptor Co-evolution Explains the Lipolytic Function of the Neuropeptide TLQP-21. Cell Rep 2019; 28:2567-2580.e6. [PMID: 31484069 PMCID: PMC6753381 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.07.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural and functional diversity of peptides and GPCR result from long evolutionary processes. Even small changes in sequence can alter receptor activation, affecting therapeutic efficacy. We conducted a structure-function relationship study on the neuropeptide TLQP-21, a promising target for obesity, and its complement 3a receptor (C3aR1). After having characterized the TLQP-21/C3aR1 lipolytic mechanism, a homology modeling and molecular dynamics simulation identified the TLQP-21 binding motif and C3aR1 binding site for the human (h) and mouse (m) molecules. mTLQP-21 showed enhanced binding affinity and potency for hC3aR1 compared with hTLQP-21. Consistently, mTLQP-21, but not hTLQP-21, potentiates lipolysis in human adipocytes. These findings led us to uncover five mutations in the C3aR1 binding pocket of the rodent Murinae subfamily that are causal for enhanced calculated affinity and measured potency of TLQP-21. Identifying functionally relevant peptide/receptor co-evolution mechanisms can facilitate the development of innovative pharmacotherapies for obesity and other diseases implicating GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavani S Sahu
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, 2231 6(th) St. SE, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Pedro Rodriguez
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, 2231 6(th) St. SE, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Megin E Nguyen
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, 2231 6(th) St. SE, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Ruijun Han
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, 2231 6(th) St. SE, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Cheryl Cero
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, 2231 6(th) St. SE, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Maria Razzoli
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, 2231 6(th) St. SE, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Paolo Piaggi
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Lauren J Laskowski
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Mihaela Pavlicev
- Division of Human Genetics, Center for Prevention of Preterm Birth, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Louis Muglia
- Division of Human Genetics, Center for Prevention of Preterm Birth, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Sushil K Mahata
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Scott O'Grady
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, 480 Haecker Hall, 1364 Eckles Avenue, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - John D McCorvy
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Leslie J Baier
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Yuk Y Sham
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, 2231 6(th) St. SE, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Alessandro Bartolomucci
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, 2231 6(th) St. SE, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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639
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Garcia-Diaz DF, Jimenez P, Reyes-Farias M, Soto-Covasich J, Costa AGV. A Review of the Potential of Chilean Native Berries in the Treatment of Obesity and its Related Features. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 74:277-286. [PMID: 31278560 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-019-00746-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a major worldwide health threat. It is characterized by an abnormal adipose tissue overgrowth together with increased monocytes infiltration, causing inflammation and oxidative stress, events associated with several illnesses. Investigations have focused on the benefits of native fruit consumption, claiming these to be natural sources of bioactive compounds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory characteristics. It has been widely stated that berries are a source of the most antioxidant compounds, and, thus, seem highly promising to endure research efforts on these vegetal matrices. The present article describes botanical, chemical and biomedical features of the Chilean native berries, Aristotelia chilensis, Ugni molinae, and Berberis microphylla. This work aims to potentiate incoming research focused on the search for novel treatments for first-order diseases with these particular plant sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego F Garcia-Diaz
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia, 1027, Santiago, Chile.
| | - P Jimenez
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia, 1027, Santiago, Chile
| | - M Reyes-Farias
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia, 1027, Santiago, Chile
| | - J Soto-Covasich
- Biotechnology Doctoral Program, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Valparaiso - Universidad Tecnica Federico Santa Maria, Valparaiso, Chile
| | - A G V Costa
- Department of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Centre of Exact, Natural and Health Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Alegre, Brazil
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640
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Sivasami P, Poudel N, Munteanu MC, Hudson J, Lovern P, Liu L, Griffin T, Hinsdale ME. Adipose tissue loss and lipodystrophy in xylosyltransferase II deficient mice. Int J Obes (Lond) 2019; 43:1783-1794. [PMID: 30778123 PMCID: PMC7067554 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-019-0324-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES The cellular and extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions that regulate adipose tissue homeostasis are incompletely understood. Proteoglycans (PGs) and their sulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) provide spatial and temporal signals for ECM organization and interactions with resident cells by impacting growth factor and cytokine activity. Therefore, PGs and their GAGs could be significant to adipose tissue homeostasis. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of ECM sulfated GAGs in adipose tissue homeostasis. METHODS Adipose tissue and metabolic homeostasis in mice deficient in xylosyltransferase 2 (Xylt2-/-) were examined by histologic analyses, gene expression analyses, whole body fat composition measurements, and glucose tolerance test. Adipose tissue inflammation and adipocyte precursors were characterized by flow cytometry and in vitro culture of mesenchymal stem cells. RESULTS Xylt2-/- mice have low body weight due to overall reductions in abdominal fat deposition. Histologically, the adipocytes are reduced in size and number in both gonadal and mesenteric fat depots of Xylt2-/- mice. In addition, these mice are glucose intolerant, insulin resistant, and have increased serum triglycerides as compared to Xylt2 + / + control mice. Furthermore, the adipose tissue niche has increased inflammatory cells and enrichment of proinflammatory factors IL6 and IL1β, and these mice also have a loss of adipose tissue vascular endothelial cells. Lastly, xylosyltransferease-2 (XylT2) deficient mesenchymal stem cells from gonadal adipose tissue and bone marrow exhibit impaired adipogenic differentiation in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Decreased GAGs due to the loss of the key GAG assembly enzyme XylT2 causes reduced steady state adipose tissue stores leading to a unique lipodystrophic model. Accumulation of an adipocytic precursor pool of cells is discovered indicating an interruption in differentiation. Therefore, adipose tissue GAGs are important in the homeostasis of adipose tissue by mediating control of adipose precursor development, tissue inflammation, and vascular development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pulavendran Sivasami
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Nabin Poudel
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | | | - Joanna Hudson
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Pamela Lovern
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Tim Griffin
- Aging and Metabolism Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Myron E Hinsdale
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
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641
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Association between walking time spent and high sensitivity C-reactive protein level among obese women. ENFERMERIA CLINICA 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enfcli.2019.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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642
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Wu Y, Ma N, Song P, He T, Levesque C, Bai Y, Zhang A, Ma X. Grape Seed Proanthocyanidin Affects Lipid Metabolism via Changing Gut Microflora and Enhancing Propionate Production in Weaned Pigs. J Nutr 2019; 149:1523-1532. [PMID: 31175811 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxz102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is not clear whether dietary grape seed proanthocyanidin (GSP) affects mammalian lipid metabolism via the gut microbiota. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the contribution of the gut microbiota to the effect of dietary GSP. METHODS This study was divided into 3 separate experiments using Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire pigs (50% male) weaned at day 28 and then fed the same basal diet (NC). In Experiment 1, 90 pigs were fed NC or NC with 250 mg GSP/kg (GSP) or 400 mg betaine/kg [positive control (PC)] for 28 d. In Experiment 2, 30 pigs were fed NC, GSP, or GSP with antibiotics (GSP + Abx) diets for 14 d. In Experiment 3, pigs were fed NC, NC plus 1 g sodium propionate/kg (SP), or NC plus 1 g sodium butyrate/kg (SB) diet for 14 d. Serum biochemical indexes, SCFA concentrations, and microbial composition were determined. RESULTS In Experiment 1, compared with the GSP group, visceral adipocyte area was higher in the NC (28.6%) and PC (18.2%) groups (P ≤ 0.05). Colonic propionate and butyrate concentrations were 30.2% and 3.6% higher in the GSP group than in the NC group, respectively (P ≤ 0.05). In Experiment 2, compared with the GSP group, the NC group had a 108% higher Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio and had 50.4%, 61.2%, and 82.3% lower abundance of Akkermansia, Alistipes, and Bacteroides, respectively (P ≤ 0.05); antibiotics removed these effects of GSP. In Experiment 3, serum peptide YY was 19.5% higher in the SP group than in the NC group (P ≤ 0.05), and it did not differ between the SB and NC groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS GSP affected lipid metabolism in weaned pigs, which is associated with changed gut microbiota and enhanced microbial propionate production. These findings provide potential mechanisms for GSP intake to improve lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Peixia Song
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ting He
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Crystal Levesque
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
| | - Yueyu Bai
- Animal Health Supervision of Henan Province, Breeding Animal Genetic Performance Measurement Center of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Aizhong Zhang
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Heilongjiang, Daqing, China
| | - Xi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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643
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Jurrissen TJ, Grunewald ZI, Woodford ML, Winn NC, Ball JR, Smith TN, Wheeler AA, Rawlings AL, Staveley-O'Carroll KF, Ji Y, Fay WP, Paradis P, Schiffrin EL, Vieira-Potter VJ, Fadel PJ, Martinez-Lemus LA, Padilla J. Overproduction of endothelin-1 impairs glucose tolerance but does not promote visceral adipose tissue inflammation or limit metabolic adaptations to exercise. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 317:E548-E558. [PMID: 31310581 PMCID: PMC6766607 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00178.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a potent vasoconstrictor and proinflammatory peptide that is upregulated in obesity. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that ET-1 signaling promotes visceral adipose tissue (AT) inflammation and disrupts glucose homeostasis. We also tested if reduced ET-1 is a required mechanism by which exercise ameliorates AT inflammation and improves glycemic control in obesity. We found that 1) diet-induced obesity, AT inflammation, and glycemic dysregulation were not accompanied by significantly increased levels of ET-1 in AT or circulation in wild-type mice and that endothelial overexpression of ET-1 and consequently increased ET-1 levels did not cause AT inflammation yet impaired glucose tolerance; 2) reduced AT inflammation and improved glucose tolerance with voluntary wheel running was not associated with decreased levels of ET-1 in AT or circulation in obese mice nor did endothelial overexpression of ET-1 impede such exercise-induced metabolic adaptations; 3) chronic pharmacological blockade of ET-1 receptors did not suppress AT inflammation in obese mice but improved glucose tolerance; and 4) in a cohort of human subjects with a wide range of body mass indexes, ET-1 levels in AT, or circulation were not correlated with markers of inflammation in AT. In aggregate, we conclude that ET-1 signaling is not implicated in the development of visceral AT inflammation but promotes glucose intolerance, thus representing an important therapeutic target for glycemic dysregulation in conditions characterized by hyperendothelinemia. Furthermore, we show that the salutary effects of exercise on AT and systemic metabolic function are not contingent on the suppression of ET-1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Jurrissen
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Zachary I Grunewald
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Makenzie L Woodford
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Nathan C Winn
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - James R Ball
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Thomas N Smith
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Andrew A Wheeler
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | | | | | - Yan Ji
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - William P Fay
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
- Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Pierre Paradis
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ernesto L Schiffrin
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Paul J Fadel
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas
| | - Luis A Martinez-Lemus
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Jaume Padilla
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
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A novel small molecule A2A adenosine receptor agonist, indirubin-3′-monoxime, alleviates lipid-induced inflammation and insulin resistance in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Biochem J 2019; 476:2371-2391. [DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AbstractSaturated free fatty acid-induced adipocyte inflammation plays a pivotal role in implementing insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Recent reports suggest A2A adenosine receptor (A2AAR) could be an attractive choice to counteract adipocyte inflammation and insulin resistance. Thus, an effective A2AAR agonist devoid of any toxicity is highly appealing. Here, we report that indirubin-3′-monoxime (I3M), a derivative of the bisindole alkaloid indirubin, efficiently binds and activates A2AAR which leads to the attenuation of lipid-induced adipocyte inflammation and insulin resistance. Using a combination of in silico virtual screening of potential anti-diabetic candidates and in vitro study on insulin-resistant model of 3T3-L1 adipocytes, we determined I3M through A2AAR activation markedly prevents lipid-induced impairment of the insulin signaling pathway in adipocytes without any toxic effects. While I3M restrains lipid-induced adipocyte inflammation by inhibiting NF-κB dependent pro-inflammatory cytokines expression, it also augments cAMP-mediated CREB activation and anti-inflammatory state in adipocytes. However, these attributes were compromised when cells were pretreated with the A2AAR antagonist, SCH 58261 or siRNA mediated knockdown of A2AAR. I3M, therefore, could be a valuable option to intervene adipocyte inflammation and thus showing promise for the management of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.
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645
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Effect of Dietary Calcium on Adipogenesis Program and Its Role in Adipocyte Dysfunction in Male Wistar Rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40011-019-01135-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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646
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Zheng S, Guo S, Sun G, Shi Y, Wei Z, Tang Y, He F, Shi C, Dai P, Chong H, Samuelson I, Zen K, Zhang CY, Zhang Y, Li J, Jiang X. Gain of Metabolic Benefit with Ablation of miR-149-3p from Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue in Diet-Induced Obese Mice. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2019; 18:194-203. [PMID: 31561124 PMCID: PMC6796689 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2019.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The global rise in obesity has become a public health crisis. During the onset of obesity, disrupted catecholamine signals have been described to contribute to excess fat accumulation, however, the molecular and metabolic change of subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) upon chronic high-fat feeding has rarely been investigated. Here, we show that chronic high-fat feeding caused a significant decrease in the expression of thermogenic genes and acquisition of partial deleterious features of visceral fat in SAT. Upregulated miR-149-3p was involved in this obesity-induced "visceralization" of SAT via inhibiting PRDM16, a master regulator that promoted SAT thermogenesis. Reduction of miR-149-3p significantly increased PRDM16 expression in SAT, with improved whole-body insulin sensitivity, decreased SAT inflammation, and liver steatosis in high-fat fed mice. These findings provided direct evidence of the anti-obese and anti-diabetic effect of PRDM16 in the obese background for the first time and identified that miR-149-3p could serve as a therapeutic target to protect against diet-induced obesity and metabolic dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Shanjun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Gongrui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Yanteng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Zhe Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Yuhang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Fangfang He
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Chenke Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Peng Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Hoshun Chong
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Isabella Samuelson
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Ke Zen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Chen-Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Yujing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China.
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China.
| | - Xiaohong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China.
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647
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Haynes BA, Yang LF, Huyck RW, Lehrer EJ, Turner JM, Barabutis N, Correll VL, Mathiesen A, McPheat W, Semmes OJ, Dobrian AD. Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Human Adipose Tissue Vasculature Alters the Particulate Secretome and Induces Endothelial Dysfunction. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39:2168-2191. [PMID: 31434495 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.312826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Endothelial cells (EC) in obese adipose tissue (AT) are exposed to a chronic proinflammatory environment that may induce a mesenchymal-like phenotype and altered function. The objective of this study was to establish whether endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) is present in human AT in obesity and to investigate the effect of such transition on endothelial function and the endothelial particulate secretome represented by extracellular vesicles (EV). Approach and Results: We identified EndoMT in obese human AT depots by immunohistochemical co-localization of CD31 or vWF and α-SMA (alpha-smooth muscle actin). We showed that AT EC exposed in vitro to TGF-β (tumor growth factor-β), TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-α), and IFN-γ (interferon-γ) undergo EndoMT with progressive loss of endothelial markers. The phenotypic change results in failure to maintain a tight barrier in culture, increased migration, and reduced angiogenesis. EndoMT also reduced mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and glycolytic capacity of EC. EVs produced by EC that underwent EndoMT dramatically reduced angiogenic capacity of the recipient naïve ECs without affecting their migration or proliferation. Proteomic analysis of EV produced by EC in the proinflammatory conditions showed presence of several pro-inflammatory and immune proteins along with an enrichment in angiogenic receptors. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated the presence of EndoMT in human AT in obesity. EndoMT in vitro resulted in production of EV that transferred some of the functional and metabolic features to recipient naïve EC. This result suggests that functional and molecular features of EC that underwent EndoMT in vivo can be disseminated in a paracrine or endocrine fashion and may induce endothelial dysfunction in distant vascular beds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bronson A Haynes
- the Department of Physiological Sciences (B.A.H., R.W.H., E.J.L., J.M.T., A.M., W.M., A.D.D.), Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk
| | - Li Fang Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Cell and Molecular Biology and Leroy T. Canoles Cancer Center (L.F.Y., V.L.C., O.J.S.), Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk
| | - Ryan W Huyck
- the Department of Physiological Sciences (B.A.H., R.W.H., E.J.L., J.M.T., A.M., W.M., A.D.D.), Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk
| | - Eric J Lehrer
- the Department of Physiological Sciences (B.A.H., R.W.H., E.J.L., J.M.T., A.M., W.M., A.D.D.), Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk
| | - Joshua M Turner
- the Department of Physiological Sciences (B.A.H., R.W.H., E.J.L., J.M.T., A.M., W.M., A.D.D.), Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk
| | - Nektarios Barabutis
- Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe (N.B.)
| | - Vanessa L Correll
- Department of Microbiology and Cell and Molecular Biology and Leroy T. Canoles Cancer Center (L.F.Y., V.L.C., O.J.S.), Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk
| | - Allison Mathiesen
- the Department of Physiological Sciences (B.A.H., R.W.H., E.J.L., J.M.T., A.M., W.M., A.D.D.), Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk
| | - William McPheat
- the Department of Physiological Sciences (B.A.H., R.W.H., E.J.L., J.M.T., A.M., W.M., A.D.D.), Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk
| | - O John Semmes
- Department of Microbiology and Cell and Molecular Biology and Leroy T. Canoles Cancer Center (L.F.Y., V.L.C., O.J.S.), Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk
| | - Anca D Dobrian
- the Department of Physiological Sciences (B.A.H., R.W.H., E.J.L., J.M.T., A.M., W.M., A.D.D.), Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk
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648
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Cowan SF, Leeming ER, Sinclair A, Dordevic AL, Truby H, Gibson SJ. Effect of whole foods and dietary patterns on markers of subclinical inflammation in weight-stable overweight and obese adults: a systematic review. Nutr Rev 2019; 78:19-38. [DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuz030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Context
Reduction of subclinical inflammation is a potential target for chronic disease management. Adiposity is a known modifier of meta-inflammation; however, the influence of dietary factors is less clear.
Objective
This review examines evidence from human trials evaluating effects of whole foods or dietary patterns on circulating inflammatory markers in weight-stable overweight and obese adults. It is the first review to investigate effects of diet on inflammation, independent of changes in adiposity.
Data Sources
The Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Cochrane databases were searched.
Data Extraction
Data extraction was conducted using the Cochrane Collaboration Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions.
Data Analysis
Study quality was evaluated using the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias Assessment tool. Thirty-three studies were included assessing effects of 17 foods and dietary patterns on 39 inflammatory markers.
Conclusions
Overall, foods and dietary patterns were not found to have significant effects on inflammatory markers in weight-stable individuals. Inconsistencies among studies were largely due to methodological limitations. Future research should invest in longer intervention periods and standardization of inflammatory marker panels paired with novel technologies, while ensuring anthropometric measures are monitored and adequately controls are used.
Systematic Review Registration
Prospero registration number CRD42017067765.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie F Cowan
- S. Cowan, E. Leeming, A. Sinclair, A. Dordevic, H. Truby, and S. Gibson are with the Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Emily R Leeming
- S. Cowan, E. Leeming, A. Sinclair, A. Dordevic, H. Truby, and S. Gibson are with the Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew Sinclair
- S. Cowan, E. Leeming, A. Sinclair, A. Dordevic, H. Truby, and S. Gibson are with the Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Aimee L Dordevic
- S. Cowan, E. Leeming, A. Sinclair, A. Dordevic, H. Truby, and S. Gibson are with the Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Helen Truby
- S. Cowan, E. Leeming, A. Sinclair, A. Dordevic, H. Truby, and S. Gibson are with the Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Simone J Gibson
- S. Cowan, E. Leeming, A. Sinclair, A. Dordevic, H. Truby, and S. Gibson are with the Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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649
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Obesity associated with coal ash inhalation triggers systemic inflammation and oxidative damage in the hippocampus of rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 133:110766. [PMID: 31430511 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
People with large amounts of adipose tissue are more vulnerable and more likely to develop diseases where oxidative stress and inflammation play a pivotal role, than persons with a healthy weight. Atmospheric contamination is a reality to which a large part of the worldwide population is exposed. Half of today's global electrical energy is derived from coal. Each organism, in its complexity, responds in different ways to dietary compounds and air pollution. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of obesity and coal ash inhalation within the parameters of oxidative damage and inflammation in different regions of the brain of rats. A diet containing high-fat concentration was administered chronically to rats, along with exposure to coal ash, simulating the contamination that occurs daily throughout human life. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy was performed to identify the particles present in coal ash samples. Our results demonstrated that obese rats exposed to coal ash inhalation were more affected by oxidative damage with subsequent systemic inflammation in the hippocampus. Since there is an inflammatory predisposition caused by obesity, the inhalation of nanoparticles increases the levels of free radicals, resulting in systemic inflammation and oxidative damage, which can lead to chronic neurodegeneration.
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650
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Naik A, Monjazeb AM, Decock J. The Obesity Paradox in Cancer, Tumor Immunology, and Immunotherapy: Potential Therapeutic Implications in Triple Negative Breast Cancer. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1940. [PMID: 31475003 PMCID: PMC6703078 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has been heralded as a breakthrough cancer treatment demonstrating tremendous success in improving tumor responses and survival of patients with hematological cancers and solid tumors. This novel promising treatment approach has in particular triggered optimism for triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) treatment, a subtype of breast cancer with distinct clinical features and poor clinical outcome. In early 2019, the FDA granted the first approval of immune checkpoint therapy, targeting PD-L1 (Atezolizumab) in combination with chemotherapy for the treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic PD-L1 positive TNBC. The efficacy of immuno-based interventions varies across cancer types and patient cohorts, which is attributed to a variety of lifestyle, clinical, and pathological factors. For instance, obesity has emerged as a risk factor for a dampened anti-tumor immune response and increased risk of immunotherapy-induced immune-related adverse events (irAEs) but has also been linked to improved outcomes with checkpoint blockade. Given the breadth of the rising global obesity epidemic, it is imperative to gain insight into the immunomodulatory effects of obesity in the peripheral circulation and within the tumor microenvironment. In this review, we resolve the impact of obesity on breast tumorigenesis and progression on the one hand, and on the immune contexture on the other hand. Finally, we speculate on the potential implications of obesity on immunotherapy response in breast cancer. This review clearly highlights the need for in vivo obese cancer models and representative clinical cohorts for evaluation of immunotherapy efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adviti Naik
- Qatar Foundation (QF), Cancer Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Doha, Qatar
| | - Arta Monir Monjazeb
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Sacramento, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Julie Decock
- Qatar Foundation (QF), Cancer Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Doha, Qatar
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