601
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Chollat-Namy M, Ben Safta-Saadoun T, Haferssas D, Meurice G, Chouaib S, Thiery J. The pharmalogical reactivation of p53 function improves breast tumor cell lysis by granzyme B and NK cells through induction of autophagy. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:695. [PMID: 31541080 PMCID: PMC6754511 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1950-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and natural killer cells (NK)-mediated elimination of tumor cells is mostly dependent on Granzyme B apoptotic pathway, which is regulated by the wild type (wt) p53 protein. Because TP53 inactivating mutations, frequently found in human tumors, could interfere with Granzyme B-mediated cell death, the use of small molecules developed to reactivate wtp53 function in p53-mutated tumor cells could optimize their lysis by CTL or NK cells. Here, we show that the pharmalogical reactivation of a wt-like p53 function in p53-mutated breast cancer cells using the small molecule CP-31398 increases their sensitivity to NK-mediated lysis. This potentiation is dependent on p53-mediated induction of autophagy via the sestrin-AMPK-mTOR pathway and the ULK axis. This CP31398-induced autophagy sequestrates in autophagosomes several anti-apoptotic proteins, including Bcl-XL and XIAP, facilitating Granzyme B-mediated mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization, caspase-3 activation and Granzyme B- or NK cell-induced apoptosis. Together, our results define a new way to increase cytotoxic lymphocyte-mediated lysis of p53-mutated breast cancer cell, through a p53-dependent autophagy induction, with potential applications in combined immunotherapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Chollat-Namy
- INSERM U1186, Villejuif, France.,Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,University Paris Sud, Faculty of Medicine, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Thouraya Ben Safta-Saadoun
- INSERM U1186, Villejuif, France.,Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,University Paris Sud, Faculty of Medicine, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Djazia Haferssas
- INSERM U1186, Villejuif, France.,Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,University Paris Sud, Faculty of Medicine, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Guillaume Meurice
- Bioinformatic Core Facility, INSERM US23/CNRS UMS3655, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Salem Chouaib
- INSERM U1186, Villejuif, France.,Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,University Paris Sud, Faculty of Medicine, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France.,Thumbay Research Institute of Precision Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jerome Thiery
- INSERM U1186, Villejuif, France. .,Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France. .,University Paris Sud, Faculty of Medicine, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France.
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602
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Wang P, Qin W, Liu T, Jiang D, Cui L, Liu X, Fang Y, Tang X, Jin H, Qian Q. PiggyBac-engineered T cells expressing a glypican-3-specific chimeric antigen receptor show potent activities against hepatocellular carcinoma. Immunobiology 2019; 225:151850. [PMID: 31522780 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2019.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Glypican-3 (GPC3) is an attractive target for chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy, as it is overexpressed in most hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues but shows restricted expression in healthy adult tissues. Herein, we generated GPC3-specific CAR-T cells for HCC therapy by electroporation with plasmid DNA encoding the piggyBac (PB) transposon and the hyperactive piggyBac transposase simultaneously instead of by commonly-used viral vectors. Our results demonstrated that GPC3CAR gene was efficiently integrated into the genome of T cells utilizing the PB transposon system. Upon stimulation with GPC3 antigen, GPC3CAR-T cells could be effectively activated, proliferate strongly and secrete high levels of cytokines. It also was demonstrated that GPC3CAR-T cells displayed potent cytotoxicity against GPC3-positive HCC cell lines in vitro by using real-time cell analyser (RTCA) system and the JuLI™ Stage Cell History Recorder. More importantly, in a Huh-7 xenograft mouse model, GPC3CAR-T cells significantly reduced the tumour burden companied with the secretion of high levels of IFN-γ. Moreover, T cells in mice treated with GPC3CAR-T cells could infiltrate into tumour tissues and persist as effector memory T cells (TEM). Overall, our study suggests that the use of PB system-based GPC3CAR-T cell therapy could be a promising clinical strategy for patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Wang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Wenxia Qin
- Shanghai Cell Therapy Research Institute, Shanghai Cell Therapy Group, Shanghai 201805, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Shanghai Cell Therapy Research Institute, Shanghai Cell Therapy Group, Shanghai 201805, China
| | - Duqing Jiang
- Shanghai Cell Therapy Research Institute, Shanghai Cell Therapy Group, Shanghai 201805, China
| | - Lianzhen Cui
- Shanghai Cell Therapy Research Institute, Shanghai Cell Therapy Group, Shanghai 201805, China
| | - Xiangzhen Liu
- Shanghai Cell Therapy Research Institute, Shanghai Cell Therapy Group, Shanghai 201805, China
| | - Yuan Fang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xi Tang
- Shanghai Cell Therapy Research Institute, Shanghai Cell Therapy Group, Shanghai 201805, China
| | - Huajun Jin
- Shanghai Cell Therapy Research Institute, Shanghai Cell Therapy Group, Shanghai 201805, China; Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military University, Shanghai 201805, China.
| | - Qijun Qian
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; Shanghai Cell Therapy Research Institute, Shanghai Cell Therapy Group, Shanghai 201805, China; Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military University, Shanghai 201805, China.
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603
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Soh JE, Abu N, Sagap I, Mazlan L, Yahaya A, Mustangin M, Khoo TS, Saidin S, Ishak M, Ab Mutalib NS, Jamal R. Validation of immunogenic PASD1 peptides against HLA-A*24:02 colorectal cancer. Immunotherapy 2019; 11:1205-1219. [PMID: 31478431 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2019-0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is the third commonest malignancy in Asia including Malaysia. The immunogenic cancer-testis antigens, which are expressed in a variety of cancers but with limited expression in normal tissues except the testis, represent an attractive approach to improve treatment options for colorectal cancer. We aimed to validate four PASD1 peptides as the immunotherapeutic targets in colorectal cancer. First, PASD1 mRNA and protein expression were determined via real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry. The PASD1 peptides specific to HLA-A*24:02 were investigated using IFN-y-ELISpot assay, followed by the cytolytic and granzyme-B-ELISpot assays to analyze the cytolytic effects of CD8+ T cells. Gene and protein expressions of PASD1 were detected in 20% and 17.3% of colorectal cancer samples, respectively. PASD1(4) peptide was shown to be immunogenic in colorectal cancer samples. CD8+ T cells raised against PASD1(4) peptide were able to lyze HLA-A*24:02+ PASD1+ cells. Our results reveal that PASD1(4) peptide represents a potential target for colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Ec Soh
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nadiah Abu
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ismail Sagap
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Luqman Mazlan
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Azyani Yahaya
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Muaatamarulain Mustangin
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Tze S Khoo
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sazuita Saidin
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Muhiddin Ishak
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nurul S Ab Mutalib
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rahman Jamal
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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604
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GSDMD is required for effector CD8+ T cell responses to lung cancer cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 74:105713. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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605
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Jakoš T, Pišlar A, Jewett A, Kos J. Cysteine Cathepsins in Tumor-Associated Immune Cells. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2037. [PMID: 31555270 PMCID: PMC6724555 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cysteine cathepsins are key regulators of the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system. Their expression, activity, and subcellular localization are associated with the distinct development and differentiation stages of immune cells. They promote the activation of innate myeloid immune cells since they contribute to toll-like receptor signaling and to cytokine secretion. Furthermore, they control lysosomal biogenesis and autophagic flux, thus affecting innate immune cell survival and polarization. They also regulate bidirectional communication between the cell exterior and the cytoskeleton, thus influencing cell interactions, morphology, and motility. Importantly, cysteine cathepsins contribute to the priming of adaptive immune cells by controlling antigen presentation and are involved in cytotoxic granule mediated killing in cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells. Cathepins'aberrant activity can be prevented by their endogenous inhibitors, cystatins. However, dysregulated proteolysis contributes significantly to tumor progression also by modulation of the antitumor immune response. Especially tumor-associated myeloid cells, such as tumor-associated macrophages and myeloid-derived suppressor cells, which are known for their tumor promoting and immunosuppressive functions, constitute the major source of excessive cysteine cathepsin activity in cancer. Since they are enriched in the tumor microenvironment, cysteine cathepsins represent exciting targets for development of new diagnostic and therapeutic moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Jakoš
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Anja Pišlar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Anahid Jewett
- UCLA School of Dentistry and Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Janko Kos
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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606
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Abstract
Perforin is an indispensable effector protein of primary cytotoxic lymphocytes (CTL or NK cells) that typically defend the host against virus infection, or gene-modified (chimeric antigen receptor-CAR) anticancer T cells. Perforin's pore-forming activity is necessary for the delivery of proapoptotic serine proteases, granzymes, into the cytosol of infected or cancerous target cells. The complete loss of perforin function is detrimental for the function of cytotoxic lymphocytes, and leads to fatal immune dysregulation in infants and predisposes the carriers of hypomorphic perforin mutations to various chronic inflammatory sequelae and blood cancers. Here, we describe several optimized and validated functional assays using purified effector proteins and cytotoxic lymphocytes that enable detailed analysis of perforin-mediated target cell death pathways.
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607
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Riera-Domingo C, Audigé A, Granja S, Cheng WC, Ho PC, Baltazar F, Stockmann C, Mazzone M. Immunity, Hypoxia, and Metabolism-the Ménage à Trois of Cancer: Implications for Immunotherapy. Physiol Rev 2019; 100:1-102. [PMID: 31414610 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00018.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
It is generally accepted that metabolism is able to shape the immune response. Only recently we are gaining awareness that the metabolic crosstalk between different tumor compartments strongly contributes to the harsh tumor microenvironment (TME) and ultimately impairs immune cell fitness and effector functions. The major aims of this review are to provide an overview on the immune system in cancer; to position oxygen shortage and metabolic competition as the ground of a restrictive TME and as important players in the anti-tumor immune response; to define how immunotherapies affect hypoxia/oxygen delivery and the metabolic landscape of the tumor; and vice versa, how oxygen and metabolites within the TME impinge on the success of immunotherapies. By analyzing preclinical and clinical endeavors, we will discuss how a metabolic characterization of the TME can identify novel targets and signatures that could be exploited in combination with standard immunotherapies and can help to predict the benefit of new and traditional immunotherapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Riera-Domingo
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal; Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; and Ludwig Cancer Research Institute, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Annette Audigé
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal; Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; and Ludwig Cancer Research Institute, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Sara Granja
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal; Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; and Ludwig Cancer Research Institute, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Wan-Chen Cheng
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal; Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; and Ludwig Cancer Research Institute, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Ping-Chih Ho
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal; Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; and Ludwig Cancer Research Institute, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Fátima Baltazar
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal; Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; and Ludwig Cancer Research Institute, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Christian Stockmann
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal; Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; and Ludwig Cancer Research Institute, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Massimiliano Mazzone
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal; Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; and Ludwig Cancer Research Institute, Epalinges, Switzerland
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608
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Sanz-Ortega L, Portilla Y, Pérez-Yagüe S, Barber DF. Magnetic targeting of adoptively transferred tumour-specific nanoparticle-loaded CD8 + T cells does not improve their tumour infiltration in a mouse model of cancer but promotes the retention of these cells in tumour-draining lymph nodes. J Nanobiotechnology 2019; 17:87. [PMID: 31387604 PMCID: PMC6683429 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-019-0520-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adoptive T cell-transfer (ATC) therapy is a highly promising cancer-treatment approach. However, in vivo-administered T cells tend to disperse, with only a small proportion reaching the tumour. To remedy this, magnetic targeting of T cells has been recently explored. Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) functionalised with antibodies were attached to effector T cells and magnetically recruited to tumour sites under MRI guidance. In this study, we investigated whether 3-aminopropyl-triethoxysilane (APS)-coated MNPs directly attached to CD8+ T cell membranes could also magnetically target and accumulate tumour-specific CD8+ T cells in solid tumours using an external magnetic field (EMF). As it has been shown that T cells associated with APS-coated MNPs are retained in lymph nodes (LNs), and tumour-draining LNs are the most common sites of solid-tumour metastases, we further evaluated whether magnetic targeting of APS-MNP-loaded CD8+ T cells could cause them to accumulate in tumour-draining LNs. Results First, we show that antigen-specific CD8+ T cells preserve their antitumor activity in vitro when associated with APS-MNPs. Next, we demonstrate that the application of a magnetic field enhanced the retention of APS-MNP-loaded OT-I CD8+ T cells under flow conditions in vitro. Using a syngeneic mouse model, we found similar numbers of APS-MNP-loaded OT-I CD8+ T cells and OT-I CD8+ T cells infiltrating the tumour 14 days after cell transfer. However, when a magnet was placed near the tumour during the transfer of tumour-specific APS-MNP-loaded CD8+ T cells to improve tumour infiltration, a reduced percentage of tumour-specific T cells was found infiltrating the tumour 14 days after cell transfer, which was reflected in a smaller reduction in tumour size compared to tumour-specific CD8+ T cells transferred with or without MNPs in the absence of a magnetic field. Nonetheless, magnet placement near the tumour site during cell transfer induced infiltration of activated tumour-specific CD8+ T cells in tumour-draining LNs, which remained 14 days after cell transfer. Conclusions The use of an EMF to improve targeting of tumour-specific T cells modified with APS-MNPs reduced the percentage of these cells infiltrating the tumour, but promoted the retention and the persistence of these cells in the tumour-draining LNs. ![]() Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12951-019-0520-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sanz-Ortega
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, and NanoBiomedicine Initiative, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB)-CSIC, Darwin 3, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yadileiny Portilla
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, and NanoBiomedicine Initiative, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB)-CSIC, Darwin 3, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonia Pérez-Yagüe
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, and NanoBiomedicine Initiative, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB)-CSIC, Darwin 3, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Domingo F Barber
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, and NanoBiomedicine Initiative, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB)-CSIC, Darwin 3, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
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609
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Manaster Y, Shipony Z, Hutzler A, Kolesnikov M, Avivi C, Shalmon B, Barshack I, Besser MJ, Feferman T, Shakhar G. Reduced CTL motility and activity in avascular tumor areas. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2019; 68:1287-1301. [PMID: 31253998 PMCID: PMC11028152 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-019-02361-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Patchy infiltration of tumors by cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) predicts poorer prognosis for cancer patients. The factors limiting intratumoral CTL dissemination, though, are poorly understood. To study CTL dissemination in tumors, we histologically examined human melanoma samples and used mice to image B16-OVA tumors infiltrated by OT-I CTLs using intravital two-photon microscopy. In patients, most CTLs concentrated around peripheral blood vessels, especially in poorly infiltrated tumors. In mice, OT-I CTLs had to cluster around tumor cells to efficiently kill them in a contact-and perforin-dependent manner and cytotoxicity was strictly antigen-specific. OT-I CTLs as well as non-specific CTLs concentrated around peripheral vessels, and cleared the tumor cells around them. This was also the case when CTLs were injected directly into the tumors. CTLs crawled rapidly only in areas within 50 µm of flowing blood vessels and transient occlusion of vessels immediately, though reversibly, stopped their migration. In vitro, oxygen depletion and blockade of oxidative phosphorylation also reduced CTL motility. Taken together, these results suggest that hypoxia limits CTL migration away from blood vessels, providing immune-privileged niches for tumor cells to survive. Normalizing intratumoral vasculature may thus synergize with tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoav Manaster
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Wolfson Bldg., 234 Herzl St., 76100, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Zohar Shipony
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Wolfson Bldg., 234 Herzl St., 76100, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Anat Hutzler
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Wolfson Bldg., 234 Herzl St., 76100, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Masha Kolesnikov
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Wolfson Bldg., 234 Herzl St., 76100, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Camila Avivi
- Department of Pathology, Sheba Medical Center, Derech Sheba 2, 52621, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Bruria Shalmon
- Department of Pathology, Sheba Medical Center, Derech Sheba 2, 52621, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Iris Barshack
- Department of Pathology, Sheba Medical Center, Derech Sheba 2, 52621, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Michal J Besser
- Ella Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Derech Sheba 2, 52621, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Department of Human Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Medical School, Tel-Aviv University, 35 Klachkin st, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tali Feferman
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Wolfson Bldg., 234 Herzl St., 76100, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Guy Shakhar
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Wolfson Bldg., 234 Herzl St., 76100, Rehovot, Israel.
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610
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Gu X, Boldrup L, Coates PJ, Fahraeus R, Wang L, Wilms T, Norberg-Spaak L, Sgaramella N, Nylander K. High immune cytolytic activity in tumor-free tongue tissue confers better prognosis in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue. JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY CLINICAL RESEARCH 2019; 5:240-247. [PMID: 31237113 PMCID: PMC6817829 DOI: 10.1002/cjp2.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Immune cells and cytolytic activity within the tumor microenvironment are being intensively studied. Through transcriptome profiling, immune cell enumeration using the xCell tool and cytolytic activity quantification according to granzyme A (GZMA) and perforin (PRF1) mRNA levels, we investigated immunoreactivity in tumor and/or tumor‐free tongue tissue samples from 31 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue and 14 healthy individuals (control tongue tissues). We found significantly altered immune cell compositions (p < 0.001) and elevated cytolytic activity (p < 0.001) in tumor compared to tumor‐free samples, and altered infiltration of a subset of immune cells (e.g. CD8+ T cells, p < 0.01) as well as increased cytolytic activity (p < 0.001) in tumor‐free compared to control samples. Controlling for patient age at diagnosis and tumor stage, Cox regression analysis showed that high cytolytic activity in tumor‐free samples associated with improved disease‐free survival (hazard ratio= 4.20, 95% CI = 1.09–16.20, p = 0.037). However, the degree of cytolytic activity in tumor samples did not provide prognostic information. Taken together, our results show the presence of cancer‐related immune responses in clinically tumor‐free tongue in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue. Measuring cytolytic activity in tumor‐free tongue samples contralateral to tumor might thus be an effective approach to predict clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolian Gu
- Department of Medical Biosciences/Pathology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Linda Boldrup
- Department of Medical Biosciences/Pathology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Philip J Coates
- Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology (RECAMO), Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Robin Fahraeus
- Department of Medical Biosciences/Pathology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology (RECAMO), Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic.,Institute of Molecular Genetics, University Paris 7, St. Louis Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Lixiao Wang
- Department of Medical Biosciences/Pathology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Torben Wilms
- Department of Clinical Sciences/ENT, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Nicola Sgaramella
- Department of Medical Biosciences/Pathology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Karin Nylander
- Department of Medical Biosciences/Pathology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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611
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Duan T, Smith AJ, Verkman AS. Complement-independent bystander injury in AQP4-IgG seropositive neuromyelitis optica produced by antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2019; 7:112. [PMID: 31296268 PMCID: PMC6621951 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-019-0766-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular injury in AQP4-IgG seropositive neuromyelitis spectrum disorder (herein called NMO) involves AQP4-IgG binding to astrocytes, resulting in astrocyte injury by complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) mechanisms. The rapid disease progression, severe tissue damage, and abundant leukocyte infiltration seen in some NMO patients suggest a more direct mechanism for demyelination and neurologic deficit than secondary injury from astrocyte loss. Here, we report evidence for an ‘ADCC bystander mechanism’ in NMO involving injury to nearby cells by leukocytes following their activation by AQP4-bound AQP4-IgG on astrocytes. In model cocultures containing AQP4-expressing and null CHO cells, AQP4-IgG and complement killed bystander null cells to ~ 100 μm away from AQP4-expressing cells; AQP4-IgG and NK cells produced bystander killing to ~ 300 μm, with perforin deposition seen on injured null cells. Bystander cytotoxicity was also seen with neutrophil-mediated ADCC and in astrocyte-neuron cocultures. Mechanistic studies, including real-time imaging, suggested that leukocytes activated by an AQP4-dependent ADCC mechanism injure bystander cells by direct targeted exocytosis on neighboring cells and not by diffusion of soluble granule contents. In support of this conclusion, ADCC bystander injury was preferentially reduced by an RGDS peptide that inhibits integrin adhesion. Evidence for ADCC bystander injury to oligodendrocytes and neurons was also found in mice following intracerebral injection of AQP4-IgG and NK cells, which was inhibited by RGDS peptide. These results establish a novel cellular pathogenesis mechanism in AQP4-IgG seropositive NMO and provide evidence that inflammatory mechanisms can cause widespread tissue damage in NMO independently of the secondary effects from astrocyte loss.
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612
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Cursons J, Souza-Fonseca-Guimaraes F, Foroutan M, Anderson A, Hollande F, Hediyeh-Zadeh S, Behren A, Huntington ND, Davis MJ. A Gene Signature Predicting Natural Killer Cell Infiltration and Improved Survival in Melanoma Patients. Cancer Immunol Res 2019; 7:1162-1174. [PMID: 31088844 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-18-0500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cell activity is essential for initiating antitumor responses and may be linked to immunotherapy success. NK cells and other innate immune components could be exploitable for cancer treatment, which drives the need for tools and methods that identify therapeutic avenues. Here, we extend our gene-set scoring method singscore to investigate NK cell infiltration by applying RNA-seq analysis to samples from bulk tumors. Computational methods have been developed for the deconvolution of immune cell types within solid tumors. We have taken the NK cell gene signatures from several such tools, then curated the gene list using a comparative analysis of tumors and immune cell types. Using a gene-set scoring method to investigate RNA-seq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), we show that patients with metastatic cutaneous melanoma have an improved survival rate if their tumor shows evidence of NK cell infiltration. Furthermore, these survival effects are enhanced in tumors that show higher expression of genes that encode NK cell stimuli such as the cytokine IL15 Using this signature, we then examine transcriptomic data to identify tumor and stromal components that may influence the penetrance of NK cells into solid tumors. Our results provide evidence that NK cells play a role in the regulation of human tumors and highlight potential survival effects associated with increased NK cell activity. Our computational analysis identifies putative gene targets that may be of therapeutic value for boosting NK cell antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Cursons
- Bioinformatics Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Fernando Souza-Fonseca-Guimaraes
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Momeneh Foroutan
- Bioinformatics Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ashley Anderson
- Bioinformatics Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Frédéric Hollande
- Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Soroor Hediyeh-Zadeh
- Bioinformatics Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andreas Behren
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicholas D Huntington
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute and the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melissa J Davis
- Bioinformatics Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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613
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Radke JR, Routes JM, Cook JL. E1A oncogene induced sensitization to NK cell induced apoptosis requires PIDD and Caspase-2. Cell Death Discov 2019; 5:110. [PMID: 31285853 PMCID: PMC6602934 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-019-0189-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of the adenovirus E1A oncogene sensitizes tumor cells to innate immune rejection by NK cells. This increased NK sensitivity is only partly explained by an E1A-induced increase in target cell surface expression of NKG2D ligands. The post-recognition mechanisms by which E1A sensitizes cells to the apoptotic cell death response to NK injury remains to be defined. E1A sensitizes cells to apoptotic stimuli through two distinct mechanisms-repression of NF-κB-dependent antiapoptotic responses and enhancement of caspase-2 activation and related mitochondrial injury. The current studies examined the roles of each of these post-NKG2D-recognition pathways in the increased sensitivity of E1A-positive target cells to NK killing. Sensitization to NK-induced apoptosis was independent of E1A-mediated repression of cellular NF-κB responses but was dependent on the expression of both caspase-2 and the upstream, caspase-2 activating molecule, PIDD. Target cells lacking caspase-2 or PIDD expression retained E1A-induced increased expression of the NKG2D ligand, RAE-1. NK cell-induced mitochondrial injury of E1A-expressing cells did not require expression of the mitochondrial molecules, Bak or Bax. These results define a PIDD/caspase-2-dependent pathway, through which E1A sensitizes cells to NK-mediated cytolysis independently of and complementarily to E1A-enhanced NKG2D/RAE-1 ligand expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay R Radke
- 1Research Section, Boise VA Hospital and Idaho Veterans Research and Education Foundation, Boise, ID 83702 USA
| | - John M Routes
- 2Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA
| | - James L Cook
- 3Research Section, Edward Hines, Jr. VA Hospital, Hines, Maywood, IL 60141 USA.,4Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and the Infectious Diseases and Immunology Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago-Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL 60153 USA
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614
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Lorenzo-Herrero S, Sordo-Bahamonde C, González S, López-Soto A. Evaluation of NK cell cytotoxic activity against malignant cells by the calcein assay. Methods Enzymol 2019; 631:483-495. [PMID: 31948565 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2019.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The immune system exerts a tight cancer surveillance to eradicate nascent and developing tumors. Natural killer (NK) cells rely on their cytotoxic activity to eliminate abnormal or stressed cells, including those undergoing malignant transformation. Thereupon, NK cells, along with CD8+ T cells, are effector immune cells with a pivotal role in cancer immunosurveillance. Due to the outstanding effectivity of immunotherapy in cancer management, strategies aimed at boosting NK cell-mediated tumor recognition and elimination are being thoroughly studied, such as approaches to induce tumor surface expression of NK cell activating ligands. Additionally, the development of methods to evaluate NK cell cytotoxic responses towards malignant cells with distinct immunogenic profiles is of paramount relevance. In this chapter, we detail a simple but highly sensitive and reproducible methodological approach to quantify in vitro NK cell-mediated lysis of a given target cell, e.g. a tumor cell, based on calcein-AM staining and fluorescence detection. Further, this method can be employed to determine the impact of chemical modulators or antibodies blocking cell surface proteins on the antitumor capacity of NK cells, with the aim to improve anticancer immune responses and elucidate the underlying mechanisms regulating NK cell activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seila Lorenzo-Herrero
- Departamento de Biología Funcional, Área de Inmunología, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Christian Sordo-Bahamonde
- Departamento de Biología Funcional, Área de Inmunología, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Segundo González
- Departamento de Biología Funcional, Área de Inmunología, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Alejandro López-Soto
- Departamento de Biología Funcional, Área de Inmunología, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain.
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615
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Konjevic Sabolek M, Held K, Beltrán E, Niedl AG, Meinl E, Hohlfeld R, Lassmann H, Dornmair K. Communication of CD8 + T cells with mononuclear phagocytes in multiple sclerosis. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2019; 6:1151-1164. [PMID: 31353869 PMCID: PMC6649540 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective CD8+ T cells are the most prevailing lymphocyte population in inflammatory lesions of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) but it is not even known whether they are merely passive bystanders or actively communicate with other cells in the brain. To identify their potential interaction partners, we analyzed CD8+ T cells that contained vectorially oriented cytotoxic granules and analyzed the areas to which the granules pointed. Methods We stained cryo‐sections of active MS lesions of an index patient with antibodies to CD8 and perforin, searched for vectorially oriented perforin granules, and isolated target areas opposing the granules and control areas by laser‐microdissection. From both areas, we analyzed cell‐type specific transcripts by next‐generation sequencing. In parallel, we stained samples from the index‐patient and other patients by four‐color immunohistochemistry (IHC). Results We found transcripts of the mononuclear phagocyte (MP) specific markers CD163 and CD11b only in the microdissected target areas but not in control areas. We validated the finding that MPs are communication partners of CD8+ T cells in MS lesions by classical IHC in samples from the index‐patient and other patients with acute and progressive MS and other inflammatory neurological diseases. Interpretation Because CD163 and CD11b are specifically expressed in MPs, our findings suggest that CD8+ T cells communicate with local MPs. Although it is still unclear if these interactions lead to killing of the communication partners by CD8+ T cells, our data underline that CD8+ T cells play an active role in the pathogenesis of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matea Konjevic Sabolek
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Biomedical Center and Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, D-82152, Munich, Germany
| | - Kathrin Held
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Biomedical Center and Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, D-82152, Munich, Germany
| | - Eduardo Beltrán
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Biomedical Center and Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, D-82152, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna G Niedl
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Biomedical Center and Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, D-82152, Munich, Germany
| | - Edgar Meinl
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Biomedical Center and Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, D-82152, Munich, Germany
| | - Reinhard Hohlfeld
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Biomedical Center and Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, D-82152, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), D-81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Hans Lassmann
- Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 4, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Klaus Dornmair
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Biomedical Center and Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, D-82152, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), D-81377, Munich, Germany
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616
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Stein MN, Malhotra J, Tarapore RS, Malhotra U, Silk AW, Chan N, Rodriguez L, Aisner J, Aiken RD, Mayer T, Haffty BG, Newman JH, Aspromonte SM, Bommareddy PK, Estupinian R, Chesson CB, Sadimin ET, Li S, Medina DJ, Saunders T, Frankel M, Kareddula A, Damare S, Wesolowsky E, Gabel C, El-Deiry WS, Prabhu VV, Allen JE, Stogniew M, Oster W, Bertino JR, Libutti SK, Mehnert JM, Zloza A. Safety and enhanced immunostimulatory activity of the DRD2 antagonist ONC201 in advanced solid tumor patients with weekly oral administration. J Immunother Cancer 2019; 7:136. [PMID: 31118108 PMCID: PMC6532211 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-019-0599-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background ONC201 is a small molecule antagonist of DRD2, a G protein-coupled receptor overexpressed in several malignancies, that has prolonged antitumor efficacy and immunomodulatory properties in preclinical models. The first-in-human trial of ONC201 previously established a recommended phase II dose (RP2D) of 625 mg once every three weeks. Here, we report the results of a phase I study that evaluated the safety, pharmacokinetics (PK), and pharmacodynamics (PD) of weekly ONC201. Methods Patients ≥ 18 years old with an advanced solid tumor refractory to standard treatment were enrolled. Dose escalation proceeded with a 3 + 3 design from 375 mg to 625 mg of ONC201. One cycle, also the dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) window, was 21 days. The primary endpoint was to determine the RP2D of weekly ONC201, which was confirmed in an 11-patient dose expansion cohort. Results Twenty patients were enrolled: three at 375 mg and 17 at 625 mg of ONC201. The RP2D was defined as 625 mg with no DLT, treatment discontinuation, or dose modifications due to drug-related toxicity. PK profiles were consistent with every-three-week dosing and similar between the first and fourth dose. Serum prolactin and caspase-cleaved cytokeratin-18 induction were detected, along with intratumoral integrated stress response activation and infiltration of granzyme B+ Natural Killer cells. Induction of immune cytokines and effectors was higher in patients who received ONC201 once weekly versus once every three weeks. Stable disease of > 6 months was observed in several prostate and endometrial cancer patients. Conclusions Weekly, oral ONC201 is well-tolerated and results in enhanced immunostimulatory activity that warrants further investigation. Trial registration NCT02250781 (Oral ONC201 in Treating Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors), NCT02324621 (Continuation of Oral ONC201 in Treating Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors). Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40425-019-0599-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark N Stein
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Jyoti Malhotra
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | | | - Usha Malhotra
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Ann W Silk
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.,Department of Dermatology and Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nancy Chan
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Lorna Rodriguez
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Joseph Aisner
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Robert D Aiken
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Tina Mayer
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Bruce G Haffty
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Jenna H Newman
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Salvatore M Aspromonte
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Praveen K Bommareddy
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Ricardo Estupinian
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Charles B Chesson
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Evita T Sadimin
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Shengguo Li
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Daniel J Medina
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Tracie Saunders
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Melissa Frankel
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Aparna Kareddula
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Sherrie Damare
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Elayne Wesolowsky
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Christian Gabel
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Wafik S El-Deiry
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Joseph R Bertino
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Steven K Libutti
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Janice M Mehnert
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
| | - Andrew Zloza
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA. .,Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Cell Therapy, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
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617
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Lysosomotropic challenge of mast cells causes intra-granular reactive oxygen species production. Cell Death Discov 2019; 5:95. [PMID: 31123601 PMCID: PMC6520368 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-019-0177-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells contribute to the pathology of allergic and other disorders. Strategies to interfere with harmful mast cell-related activities are therefore warranted. Previously we established a principle for inducing selective apoptosis of mast cells, by the use of lysosomotropic agents that cause secretory granule permeabilization, leading to production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, the mechanism of ROS production has not been known. Here we addressed this issue. Live microscopy analysis showed that the secretory granules comprise major subcellular compartments for ROS production in response to mefloquine. As further signs for the primary involvement of secretory granules, both ROS production and cell death was blunted in mast cells lacking serglycin, a secretory granule-restricted proteoglycan. Inhibition of granule acidification caused an essentially complete blockade of granule permeabilization, ROS production and cell death in response to mefloquine. ROS production was also attenuated in the presence of an iron chelator, and after inhibition of either granzyme B or the ERK1/2 MAP kinase signaling pathway. Together, our findings reveal that the mast cell secretory granules constitute major sites for ROS production in mast cells subjected to lysosomotropic challenge. Moreover, this study reveals a central role for granule acidification in ROS generation and the pro-apoptotic response triggered downstream of secretory granule permeabilization.
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618
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Tarasov VV, Chubarev VN, Ashraf GM, Dostdar SA, Sokolov AV, Melnikova TI, Sologova SS, Grigorevskich EM, Makhmutovа A, Kinzirsky AS, Klochkov SG, Aliev G. How Cancer Cells Resist Chemotherapy: Design and Development of Drugs Targeting Protein-Protein Interactions. Curr Top Med Chem 2019; 19:394-412. [DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666190305130141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background:Resistance toward chemotherapeutics is one of the main obstacles on the way to effective cancer treatment. Personalization of chemotherapy could improve clinical outcome. However, despite preclinical significance, most of the potential markers have failed to reach clinical practice partially due to the inability of numerous studies to estimate the marker’s impact on resistance properly.Objective:The analysis of drug resistance mechanisms to chemotherapy in cancer cells, and the proposal of study design to identify bona fide markers.Methods:A review of relevant papers in the field. A PubMed search with relevant keywords was used to gather the data. An example of a search request: drug resistance AND cancer AND paclitaxel.Results:We have described a number of drug resistance mechanisms to various chemotherapeutics, as well as markers to underlie the phenomenon. We also proposed a model of a rational-designed study, which could be useful in determining the most promising potential biomarkers.Conclusion:Taking into account the most reasonable biomarkers should dramatically improve clinical outcome by choosing the suitable treatment regimens. However, determining the leading biomarkers, as well as validating of the model, is a work for further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim V. Tarasov
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 8-2 Trubetskaya St., Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir N. Chubarev
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 8-2 Trubetskaya St., Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samira A. Dostdar
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 8-2 Trubetskaya St., Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander V. Sokolov
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 8-2 Trubetskaya St., Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Tatiana I. Melnikova
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 8-2 Trubetskaya St., Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Susanna S. Sologova
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 8-2 Trubetskaya St., Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina M. Grigorevskich
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 8-2 Trubetskaya St., Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Alfiya Makhmutovа
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander S. Kinzirsky
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey G. Klochkov
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russian Federation
| | - Gjumrakch Aliev
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russian Federation
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619
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McEvoy CR, Xu H, Smith K, Etemadmoghadam D, San Leong H, Choong DY, Byrne DJ, Iravani A, Beck S, Mileshkin L, Tothill RW, Bowtell DD, Bates BM, Nastevski V, Browning J, Bell AH, Khoo C, Desai J, Fellowes AP, Fox SB, Prall OW. Profound MEK inhibitor response in a cutaneous melanoma harboring a GOLGA4-RAF1 fusion. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:1940-1945. [PMID: 30835257 PMCID: PMC6486352 DOI: 10.1172/jci123089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BRAF and CRAF are critical components of the MAPK signaling pathway which is activated in many cancer types. In approximately 1% of melanomas, BRAF or CRAF are activated through structural arrangements. We describe here a metastatic melanoma with a GOLGA4-RAF1 fusion and pathogenic variants in CTNNB1 and CDKN2A. Anti-CTLA4/anti-PD1 combination immunotherapy failed to control tumor progression. In the absence of other actionable variants the patient was administered MEK inhibitor therapy on the basis of its potential action against RAF1 fusions. This resulted in a profound and clinically significant response. We demonstrated that GOLGA4-RAF1 expression was associated with ERK activation, elevated expression of the RAS/RAF downstream co-effector ETV5, and a high Ki67 index. These findings provide a rationale for the dramatic response to targeted therapy. This study shows that thorough molecular characterization of treatment-resistant cancers can identify therapeutic targets and personalize management, leading to improved patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R. McEvoy
- Department of Pathology, and
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Huiling Xu
- Department of Pathology, and
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Amir Iravani
- Department of Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sophie Beck
- Department of Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Linda Mileshkin
- Department of Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Richard W. Tothill
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - David D. Bowtell
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | - Chloe Khoo
- Department of Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jayesh Desai
- Department of Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Surgery, St Vincent’s Hospital, Fitzroy, Australia
- Clinical School, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Australia
- Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | - Andrew P. Fellowes
- Department of Pathology, and
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stephen B. Fox
- Department of Pathology, and
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
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620
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Naderer T, Fulcher MC. Targeting apoptosis pathways in infections. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 103:275-285. [PMID: 29372933 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.4mr0717-286r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The programmed cell death pathway of apoptosis is essential for mammalian development and immunity as it eliminates unwanted and dangerous cells. As part of the cellular immune response, apoptosis removes the replicative niche of intracellular pathogens and enables the resolution of infections. To subvert apoptosis, pathogens have evolved a diverse range of mechanisms. In some circumstances, however, pathogens express effector molecules that induce apoptotic cell death. In this review, we focus on selected host-pathogen interactions that affect apoptotic pathways. We discuss how pathogens control the fate of host cells and how this determines the outcome of infections. Finally, small molecule inhibitors that activate apoptosis in cancer cells can also induce apoptotic cell death of infected cells. This suggests that targeting host death factors to kill infected cells is a potential therapeutic option to treat infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Naderer
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Maria Cecilia Fulcher
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
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621
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Cabanas H, Muraki K, Balinas C, Eaton-Fitch N, Staines D, Marshall-Gradisnik S. Validation of impaired Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin 3 ion channel activity in natural killer cells from Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/ Myalgic Encephalomyelitis patients. Mol Med 2019; 25:14. [PMID: 31014226 PMCID: PMC6480905 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-019-0083-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/ Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME) is a complex multifactorial disorder of unknown cause having multi-system manifestations. Although the aetiology of CFS/ME remains elusive, immunological dysfunction and more particularly reduced cytotoxic activity in natural killer (NK) cells is the most consistent laboratory finding. The Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) superfamily of cation channels play a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of immune diseases and are therefore potential therapeutic targets. We have previously identified single nucleotide polymorphisms in TRP genes in peripheral NK cells from CFS/ME patients. We have also described biochemical pathway changes and calcium signaling perturbations in NK cells from CFS/ME patients. Notably, we have previously reported a decrease of TRP cation channel subfamily melastatin member 3 (TRPM3) function in NK cells isolated from CFS/ME patients compared with healthy controls after modulation with pregnenolone sulfate and ononetin using a patch-clamp technique. In the present study, we aim to confirm the previous results describing an impaired TRPM3 activity in a new cohort of CFS/ME patients using a whole cell patch-clamp technique after modulation with reversible TRPM3 agonists, pregnenolone sulfate and nifedipine, and an effective TRPM3 antagonist, ononetin. Indeed, no formal research has commented on using pregnenolone sulfate or nifedipine to treat CFS/ME patients while there is evidence that clinicians prescribe calcium channel blockers to improve different symptoms. Methods Whole-cell patch-clamp technique was used to measure TRPM3 activity in isolated NK cells from twelve age- and sex-matched healthy controls and CFS/ME patients, after activation with pregnenolone sulfate and nifedipine and inhibition with ononetin. Results We confirmed a significant reduction in amplitude of TRPM3 currents after pregnenolone sulfate stimulation in isolated NK cells from another cohort of CFS/ME patients compared with healthy controls. The pregnenolone sulfate-evoked ionic currents through TRPM3 channels were again significantly modulated by ononetin in isolated NK cells from healthy controls compared with CFS/ME patients. In addition, we used nifedipine, another reversible TRPM3 agonist to support the previous findings and found similar results confirming a significant loss of the TRPM3 channel activity in CFS/ME patients. Conclusions Impaired TRPM3 activity was validated in NK cells isolated from CFS/ME patients using different pharmacological tools and whole-cell patch-clamp technique as the gold standard for ion channel research. This investigation further helps to establish TRPM3 channels as a prognostic marker and/ or a potential therapeutic target for CFS/ME.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Cabanas
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia. .,The National Centre for Neuroimmunology and Emerging Diseases, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Southport, QLD, 4222, Australia. .,Consortium Health International for Myalgic Encephalomyelitis, National Centre for Neuroimmunology and Emerging Diseases, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia.
| | - K Muraki
- Laboratory of Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Aichi-Gakuin University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan.,Consortium Health International for Myalgic Encephalomyelitis, National Centre for Neuroimmunology and Emerging Diseases, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - C Balinas
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia.,The National Centre for Neuroimmunology and Emerging Diseases, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Southport, QLD, 4222, Australia.,Consortium Health International for Myalgic Encephalomyelitis, National Centre for Neuroimmunology and Emerging Diseases, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - N Eaton-Fitch
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia.,The National Centre for Neuroimmunology and Emerging Diseases, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Southport, QLD, 4222, Australia.,Consortium Health International for Myalgic Encephalomyelitis, National Centre for Neuroimmunology and Emerging Diseases, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - D Staines
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia.,The National Centre for Neuroimmunology and Emerging Diseases, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Southport, QLD, 4222, Australia.,Consortium Health International for Myalgic Encephalomyelitis, National Centre for Neuroimmunology and Emerging Diseases, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - S Marshall-Gradisnik
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia.,The National Centre for Neuroimmunology and Emerging Diseases, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Southport, QLD, 4222, Australia.,Consortium Health International for Myalgic Encephalomyelitis, National Centre for Neuroimmunology and Emerging Diseases, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
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622
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Spolski R, West EE, Li P, Veenbergen S, Yung S, Kazemian M, Oh J, Yu ZX, Freeman AF, Holland SM, Murphy PM, Leonard WJ. IL-21/type I interferon interplay regulates neutrophil-dependent innate immune responses to Staphylococcus aureus. eLife 2019; 8:45501. [PMID: 30969166 PMCID: PMC6504231 DOI: 10.7554/elife.45501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major hospital- and community-acquired pathogen, but the mechanisms underlying host-defense to MRSA remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated the role of IL-21 in this process. When administered intra-tracheally into wild-type mice, IL-21 induced granzymes and augmented clearance of pulmonary MRSA but not when neutrophils were depleted or a granzyme B inhibitor was added. Correspondingly, IL-21 induced MRSA killing by human peripheral blood neutrophils. Unexpectedly, however, basal MRSA clearance was also enhanced when IL-21 signaling was blocked, both in Il21r KO mice and in wild-type mice injected with IL-21R-Fc fusion-protein. This correlated with increased type I interferon and an IFN-related gene signature, and indeed anti-IFNAR1 treatment diminished MRSA clearance in these animals. Moreover, we found that IFNβ induced granzyme B and promoted MRSA clearance in a granzyme B-dependent fashion. These results reveal an interplay between IL-21 and type I IFN in the innate immune response to MRSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanne Spolski
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States.,Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Erin E West
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States.,Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Peng Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States.,Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Sharon Veenbergen
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Sunny Yung
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Majid Kazemian
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States.,Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Jangsuk Oh
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States.,Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Zu-Xi Yu
- The Pathology Core, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Alexandra F Freeman
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Stephen M Holland
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Philip M Murphy
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Warren J Leonard
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States.,Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
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623
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Characterization of donor and recipient CD8+ tissue-resident memory T cells in transplant nephrectomies. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5984. [PMID: 30979940 PMCID: PMC6461670 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42401-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells are characterized by their surface expression of CD69 and can be subdivided in CD103+ and CD103− TRM cells. The origin and functional characteristics of TRM cells in the renal allograft are largely unknown. To determine these features we studied TRM cells in transplant nephrectomies. TRM cells with a CD103+ and CD103− phenotype were present in all samples (n = 13) and were mainly CD8+ T cells. Of note, donor-derived TRM cells were only detectable in renal allografts that failed in the first month after transplantation. Grafts, which failed later, mainly contained recipient derived TRM cells. The gene expression profiles of the recipient derived CD8+ TRM cells were studied in more detail and showed a previously described signature of tissue residence within both CD103+ and CD103− TRM cells. All CD8+ TRM cells had strong effector abilities through the production of IFNγ and TNFα, and harboured high levels of intracellular granzyme B and low levels of perforin. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that donor and recipient TRM cells reside in the rejected renal allograft. Over time, the donor-derived TRM cells are replaced by recipient TRM cells which have features that enables these cells to aggressively respond to the allograft.
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624
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Zhao S, Zhang Y, Huang G, Luo W, Li Y, Xiao Y, Zhou M, Li Y, Lai J, Li Y, Li B. Increased CD8 +CD27 +perforin + T cells and decreased CD8 +CD70 + T cells may be immune biomarkers for aplastic anemia severity. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2019; 77:34-42. [PMID: 30953940 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Aplastic anemia (AA) is T cell immune-mediated autoimmune disease. Aberrant T cell activation involves an imbalance in T cell homeostasis in AA. However, whether the T cell activation molecule CD27 and its ligand CD70 participate in the immune pathogenesis of AA remains ill defined. METHODS The frequencies of CD27/CD70 and perforin/granzyme B in different T cell subsets were detected in AA patients and healthy individuals by flow cytometry. RESULTS We first time demonstrate a significantly elevated proportion of CD27+ and significantly decreased CD70+ T cells from AA. Changed frequency of CD27+ and CD70+ in different T cell subsets appeared to be associated with AA severity. In very severe aplastic anemia (VSAA) and severe aplastic anemia (SAA), increased CD8+CD27+ T cells present with a cytotoxic effector phenotype by elevating perforin proportion. CONCLUSIONS Elevated proportion of CD27 in T cells may contribute to distinct immune pathogenesis for different severities of AA. The CD8+CD27+perforin+ T cells combined with CD8+CD70+ T cells may serve as an immune biomarker for AA severity estimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suwen Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuping Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Guangzhou First Municipal People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guixuan Huang
- Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Yan Li
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yankai Xiao
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Guangzhou First Municipal People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yumiao Li
- Department of Hematology, Guangzhou First Municipal People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Lai
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yangqiu Li
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Bo Li
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
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625
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Wang T, Sun G, Wang Y, Li S, Zhao X, Zhang C, Jin H, Tian D, Liu K, Shi W, Tian Y, Zhang D. The immunoregulatory effects of CD8 T-cell-derived perforin on diet-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. FASEB J 2019; 33:8490-8503. [PMID: 30951375 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802534rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The liver is a central immunologic organ with a high density of myeloid and lymphoid immune cells that play important roles in the development and progression of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). However, the immune-cell-mediated regulation of NASH and its underlying mechanisms remain obscure. In this study, Prf1null mice showed significantly higher plasma alanine transaminase levels, with increased liver fat accumulation, lobular inflammation, and focal necrosis compared with wild-type (WT) mice after 4 wk of feeding on a methionine- and choline-deficient diet (MCD) or 16 wk of feeding on a high-fat diet. Perforin deficiency promoted the M1 polarization of infiltrated monocytes. Moreover, MCD-fed Prf1null mice exhibited increased accumulation, survival, activation, and proinflammatory cytokine production of CD8 T cells but not NK cells or CD4 T cells. Adoptive transfer of CD8 T cells or NK cells from WT or Prf1null mice, together with non-CD8 cells or non-NK cells from WT mice, indicated that CD8 T-cell-derived perforin participates in the mechanism regulating liver inflammation and thus plays a protective role in the development of NASH. Perforin-deficient CD8 T cells exhibited decreased cytotoxicity toward bone marrow-derived M1 monocytes and macrophages. According to the RNA sequencing data, the perforin deficiency inhibited cell apoptosis and enhanced the activation, migration, and proinflammatory cytokine production of CD8 T cells in mice with NASH. Furthermore, we found higher plasma soluble perforin levels and hepatic perforin expression in NASH patients, suggesting clinical relevance of the findings. We have elucidated an important role for the cytotoxic immune effector molecule perforin from CD8 T cells in restricting hepatic inflammation in mice with NASH and suggest that therapies designed to maximize the function of endogenous perforin in CD8 T cells might have potential benefits as NASH treatments.-Wang, T., Sun, G., Wang, Y., Li, S., Zhao, X., Zhang, C., Jin, H., Tian, D., Liu, K., Shi, W., Tian, Y., Zhang, D. The immunoregulatory effects of CD8 T-cell-derived perforin on diet-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianqi Wang
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing, China
| | - Guangyong Sun
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing, China
| | - Yaning Wang
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing, China
| | - Shuxiang Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyan Zhao
- National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Chunpan Zhang
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Jin
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Tian
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Liu
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Shi
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Tian
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China.,General Surgery Department, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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626
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Turner CT, Zeglinski MR, Richardson KC, Zhao H, Shen Y, Papp A, Bird PI, Granville DJ. Granzyme K Expressed by Classically Activated Macrophages Contributes to Inflammation and Impaired Remodeling. J Invest Dermatol 2019; 139:930-939. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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627
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Angelo LS, Bimler LH, Nikzad R, Aviles-Padilla K, Paust S. CXCR6 + NK Cells in Human Fetal Liver and Spleen Possess Unique Phenotypic and Functional Capabilities. Front Immunol 2019; 10:469. [PMID: 30941128 PMCID: PMC6433986 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-resident Natural Killer (NK) cells vary in phenotype according to tissue origin, but are typically CD56bright, CXCR6+, and CD69+. NK cells appear very early in fetal development, but little is known about when markers of tissue residency appear during gestation and whether the expression of these markers, most notably the chemokine receptor CXCR6, are associated with differences in functional capability. Using multi-parametric flow cytometry, we interrogated fetal liver and spleen NK cells for the expression of a multitude of extracellular markers associated with NK cell maturation, differentiation, and migration. We analyzed total NK cells from fetal liver and spleen and compared them to their adult liver and spleen counterparts, and peripheral blood (PB) NK. We found that fetal NK cells resemble each other and their adult counterparts more than PB NK. Maturity markers including CD16, CD57, and KIR are lower in fetal NK cells than PB, and markers associated with an immature phenotype are higher in fetal liver and spleen NK cells (NKG2A, CD94, and CD27). However, T-bet/EOMES transcription factor profiles are similar amongst fetal and adult liver and spleen NK cells (T-bet−/EOMES+) but differ from PB NK cells (T-bet+EOMES−). Further, donor-matched fetal liver and spleen NK cells share similar patterns of expression for most markers as a function of gestational age. We also performed functional studies including degranulation, cytotoxicity, and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) assays. Fetal liver and spleen NK cells displayed limited cytotoxic effector function in chromium release assays but produced copious amounts of TNFα and IFNγ, and degranulated efficiently in response to stimulation with PMA/ionomycin. Further, CXCR6+ NK cells in fetal liver and spleen produce more cytokines and degranulate more robustly than their CXCR6− counterparts, even though CXCR6+ NK cells in fetal liver and spleen possess an immature phenotype. Major differences between CXCR6− and + NK cell subsets appear to occur later in development, as a distinct CXCR6+ NK cell phenotype is much more clearly defined in PB. In conclusion, fetal liver and spleen NK cells share similar phenotypes, resemble their adult counterparts, and already possess a distinct CXCR6+ NK cell population with discrete functional capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura S Angelo
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Human Immunobiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Lynn H Bimler
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Human Immunobiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States.,The Immunology Graduate Program at Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Rana Nikzad
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Human Immunobiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States.,Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine Graduate Program at Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Kevin Aviles-Padilla
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Human Immunobiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States.,The Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program at Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Silke Paust
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Human Immunobiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States.,The Immunology Graduate Program at Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.,Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine Graduate Program at Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States.,The Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program at Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
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628
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Donahue ND, Acar H, Wilhelm S. Concepts of nanoparticle cellular uptake, intracellular trafficking, and kinetics in nanomedicine. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 143:68-96. [PMID: 31022434 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 488] [Impact Index Per Article: 97.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticle-based therapeutics and diagnostics are commonly referred to as nanomedicine and may significantly impact the future of healthcare. However, the clinical translation of these technologies is challenging. One of these challenges is the efficient delivery of nanoparticles to specific cell populations and subcellular targets in the body to elicit desired biological and therapeutic responses. It is critical for researchers to understand the fundamental concepts of how nanoparticles interact with biological systems to predict and control in vivo nanoparticle transport for improved clinical benefit. In this overview article, we review and discuss cellular internalization pathways, summarize the field`s understanding of how nanoparticle physicochemical properties affect cellular interactions, and explore and discuss intracellular nanoparticle trafficking and kinetics. Our overview may provide a valuable resource for researchers and may inspire new studies to expand our current understanding of nanotechnology-biology interactions at cellular and subcellular levels with the goal to improve clinical translation of nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan D Donahue
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Handan Acar
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States; Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, United States.
| | - Stefan Wilhelm
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States; Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, United States.
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629
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Prunk M, Nanut MP, Sabotic J, Svajger U, Kos J. Increased cystatin F levels correlate with decreased cytotoxicity of cytotoxic T cells. Radiol Oncol 2019; 53:57-68. [PMID: 30840596 PMCID: PMC6411024 DOI: 10.2478/raon-2019-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cystatin F is a protein inhibitor of cysteine peptidases, expressed predominantly in immune cells and localised in endosomal/lysosomal compartments. In cytotoxic immune cells cystatin F inhibits both the major pro-granzyme convertases, cathepsins C and H that activate granzymes, and cathepsin L, that acts as perforin activator. Since perforin and granzymes are crucial molecules for target cell killing by cytotoxic lymphocytes, defects in the activation of either granzymes or perforin can affect their cytotoxic potential. Materials and methods Levels of cystatin F were assessed by western blot and interactions of cystatin F with cathepsins C, H and L were analysed by immunoprecipitation and confocal microscopy. In TALL-104 cells specific activities of the cathepsins and granzyme B were determined using peptide substrates. Results Two models of reduced T cell cytotoxicity of TALL-104 cell line were established, either by treatment by ionomycin or by immunosuppressive transforming growth factor beta. Reduced cytotoxicity correlated with increased levels of cystatin F and with attenuated activities of cathepsins C, H and L and of granzyme B. Co-localisation of cystatin F and cathepsins C, H and L and interactions between cystatin F and cathepsins C and H were demonstrated. Conclusions Cystatin F is designated as a possible regulator of T cell cytotoxicity, similar to its role in natural killer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateja Prunk
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Department of Biotechnology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Jerica Sabotic
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Department of Biotechnology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Urban Svajger
- Blood Transfusion Centre of Slovenia, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janko Kos
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Department of Biotechnology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Prof. Janko Kos, Ph.D., Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva cesta 7, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Phone: +386 1 4769 604; Fax: +386 1 4258 031
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630
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Boison SA, Gjerde B, Hillestad B, Makvandi-Nejad S, Moghadam HK. Genomic and Transcriptomic Analysis of Amoebic Gill Disease Resistance in Atlantic Salmon ( Salmo salar L.). Front Genet 2019; 10:68. [PMID: 30873203 PMCID: PMC6400892 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Amoebic gill disease (AGD) is one of the most important parasitic diseases of farmed Atlantic salmon. It is a source of major economic loss to the industry and poses significant threats to animal welfare. Previous studies have shown that resistance against this disease has a moderate, heritable genetic component, although the genes and the genetic pathways that contribute to this process have yet to be elucidated. In this study, to identify the genetic mechanisms of AGD resistance, we first investigated the molecular signatures of AGD infection in Atlantic salmon through a challenge model, where we compared the transcriptome profiles of the naïve and infected animals. We then conducted a genome-wide association analysis with 1,333 challenged tested fish to map the AGD resistance genomic regions, supported by the results from the transcriptomic data. Further, we investigated the potential of incorporating gene expression analysis results in genomic prediction to improve prediction accuracy. Our data suggest thousands of genes have modified their expression following infection, with a significant increase in the transcription of genes with functional properties in cell adhesion and a sharp decline in the abundance of various components of the immune system genes. From the genome-wide association analysis, QTL regions on chromosomes ssa04, ssa09, and ssa13 were detected to be linked with AGD resistance. In particular, we found that QTL region on ssa04 harbors members of the cadherin gene family. These genes play a critical role in target recognition and cell adhesion. The QTL region on ssa09 also is associated with another member of the cadherin gene family, protocadherin Fat 4. The associated genetic markers on ssa13 span a large genomic region that includes interleukin-18-binding protein, a gene with function essential in inhibiting the proinflammatory effect of cytokine IL18. Incorporating gene expression information through a weighted genomic relationship matrix approach decreased genomic prediction accuracy and increased bias of prediction. Together, these findings help to improve our breeding programs and animal welfare against AGD and advance our knowledge of the genetic basis of host-pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bjarne Gjerde
- Department of Breeding and Genetics, Nofima, Ås, Norway
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631
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Haas OA. Primary Immunodeficiency and Cancer Predisposition Revisited: Embedding Two Closely Related Concepts Into an Integrative Conceptual Framework. Front Immunol 2019; 9:3136. [PMID: 30809233 PMCID: PMC6379258 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.03136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Common understanding suggests that the normal function of a "healthy" immune system safe-guards and protects against the development of malignancies, whereas a genetically impaired one might increase the likelihood of their manifestation. This view is primarily based on and apparently supported by an increased incidence of such diseases in patients with specific forms of immunodeficiencies that are caused by high penetrant gene defects. As I will review and discuss herein, such constellations merely represent the tip of an iceberg. The overall situation is by far more varied and complex, especially if one takes into account the growing difficulties to define what actually constitutes an immunodeficiency and what defines a cancer predisposition. The enormous advances in genome sequencing, in bioinformatic analyses and in the functional in vitro and in vivo assessment of novel findings together with the availability of large databases provide us with a wealth of information that steadily increases the number of sequence variants that concur with clinically more or less recognizable immunological problems and their consequences. Since many of the newly identified hard-core defects are exceedingly rare, their tumor predisposing effect is difficult to ascertain. The analyses of large data sets, on the other hand, continuously supply us with low penetrant variants that, at least in statistical terms, are clearly tumor predisposing, although their specific relevance for the respective carriers still needs to be carefully assessed on an individual basis. Finally, defects and variants that affect the same gene families and pathways in both a constitutional and somatic setting underscore the fact that immunodeficiencies and cancer predisposition can be viewed as two closely related errors of development. Depending on the particular genetic and/or environmental context as well as the respective stage of development, the same changes can have either a neutral, predisposing and, in some instances, even a protective effect. To understand the interaction between the immune system, be it "normal" or "deficient" and tumor predisposition and development on a systemic level, one therefore needs to focus on the structure and dynamic functional organization of the entire immune system rather than on its isolated individual components alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oskar A. Haas
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Children's Cancer Research Institute, Vienna, Austria
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632
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Helper-like innate lymphoid cells and cancer immunotherapy. Semin Immunol 2019; 41:101274. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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633
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Cholangiocyte death in ductopenic cholestatic cholangiopathies: Mechanistic basis and emerging therapeutic strategies. Life Sci 2019; 218:324-339. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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634
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Davies AJ, Kim HW, Gonzalez-Cano R, Choi J, Back SK, Roh SE, Johnson E, Gabriac M, Kim MS, Lee J, Lee JE, Kim YS, Bae YC, Kim SJ, Lee KM, Na HS, Riva P, Latremoliere A, Rinaldi S, Ugolini S, Costigan M, Oh SB. Natural Killer Cells Degenerate Intact Sensory Afferents following Nerve Injury. Cell 2019; 176:716-728.e18. [PMID: 30712871 PMCID: PMC6418410 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sensory axons degenerate following separation from their cell body, but partial injury to peripheral nerves may leave the integrity of damaged axons preserved. We show that an endogenous ligand for the natural killer (NK) cell receptor NKG2D, Retinoic Acid Early 1 (RAE1), is re-expressed in adult dorsal root ganglion neurons following peripheral nerve injury, triggering selective degeneration of injured axons. Infiltration of cytotoxic NK cells into the sciatic nerve by extravasation occurs within 3 days following crush injury. Using a combination of genetic cell ablation and cytokine-antibody complex stimulation, we show that NK cell function correlates with loss of sensation due to degeneration of injured afferents and reduced incidence of post-injury hypersensitivity. This neuro-immune mechanism of selective NK cell-mediated degeneration of damaged but intact sensory axons complements Wallerian degeneration and suggests the therapeutic potential of modulating NK cell function to resolve painful neuropathy through the clearance of partially damaged nerves. Cytotoxic NK cells infiltrate the damaged peripheral nerve within days of injury Injured sensory axons express NKG2D ligand RAE1 to signal degeneration by NK cells Clearance of damaged axons reduces development of chronic pain after nerve injury NK cells complement Wallerian degeneration to aid functional regeneration of PNS
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Davies
- Dental Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Hyoung Woo Kim
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Rafael Gonzalez-Cano
- Departments of Anesthesia and Neurobiology, Children's Hospital Boston and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jahyang Choi
- Dental Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Keun Back
- Departments of Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Eon Roh
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03087, Republic of Korea
| | - Errin Johnson
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Melanie Gabriac
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Mi-Sun Kim
- Dental Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehee Lee
- Dental Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Departments of Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Eun Lee
- Departments of Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Sook Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 700-412, Korea
| | - Yong Chul Bae
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 700-412, Korea
| | - Sang Jeong Kim
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03087, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Mi Lee
- Departments of Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Heung Sik Na
- Departments of Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Priscilla Riva
- Departments of Anesthesia and Neurobiology, Children's Hospital Boston and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alban Latremoliere
- Neurosurgery Department, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Simon Rinaldi
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Sophie Ugolini
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Michael Costigan
- Departments of Anesthesia and Neurobiology, Children's Hospital Boston and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Seog Bae Oh
- Dental Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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635
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Vujanovic L, Chuckran C, Lin Y, Ding F, Sander CA, Santos PM, Lohr J, Mashadi-Hossein A, Warren S, White A, Huang A, Kirkwood JM, Butterfield LH. CD56 dim CD16 - Natural Killer Cell Profiling in Melanoma Patients Receiving a Cancer Vaccine and Interferon-α. Front Immunol 2019; 10:14. [PMID: 30761123 PMCID: PMC6361792 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are innate cytotoxic and immunoregulatory lymphocytes that have a central role in anti-tumor immunity and play a critical role in mediating cellular immunity in advanced cancer immunotherapies, such as dendritic cell (DC) vaccines. Our group recently tested a novel recombinant adenovirus-transduced autologous DC-based vaccine that simultaneously induces T cell responses against three melanoma-associated antigens for advanced melanoma patients. Here, we examine the impact of this vaccine as well as the subsequent systemic delivery of high-dose interferon-α2b (HDI) on the circulatory NK cell profile in melanoma patients. At baseline, patient NK cells, particularly those isolated from high-risk patients with no measurable disease, showed altered distribution of CD56dim CD16+ and CD56dim CD16− NK cell subsets, as well as elevated serum levels of immune suppressive MICA, TN5E/CD73 and tactile/CD96, and perforin. Surprisingly, patient NK cells displayed a higher level of activation than those from healthy donors as measured by elevated CD69, NKp44 and CCR7 levels, and enhanced K562 killing. Elevated cytolytic ability strongly correlated with increased representation of CD56dim CD16+ NK cells and amplified CD69 expression on CD56dim CD16+ NK cells. While intradermal DC immunizations did not significantly impact circulatory NK cell activation and distribution profiles, subsequent HDI injections enhanced CD56bright CD16− NK cell numbers when compared to patients that did not receive HDI. Phenotypic analysis of tumor-infiltrating NK cells showed that CD56dim CD16− NK cells are the dominant subset in melanoma tumors. NanoString transcriptomic analysis of melanomas resected at baseline indicated that there was a trend of increased CD56dim NK cell gene signature expression in patients with better clinical response. These data indicate that melanoma patient blood NK cells display elevated activation levels, that intra-dermal DC immunizations did not effectively promote systemic NK cell responses, that systemic HDI administration can modulate NK cell subset distributions and suggest that CD56dim CD16− NK cells are a unique non-cytolytic subset in melanoma patients that may associate with better patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lazar Vujanovic
- University of Pittsburgh Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Christopher Chuckran
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Yan Lin
- University of Pittsburgh Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Fei Ding
- University of Pittsburgh Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Cindy A Sander
- University of Pittsburgh Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Patricia M Santos
- University of Pittsburgh Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Joel Lohr
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | | | - Sarah Warren
- NanoString Technologies, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Andy White
- NanoString Technologies, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Alan Huang
- NanoString Technologies, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - John M Kirkwood
- University of Pittsburgh Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Lisa H Butterfield
- University of Pittsburgh Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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636
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Li L, Wang L, Huang C, Diao L, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Xu J, Zeng Y. Chronic hepatitis B infection alters peripheral immune response in women with reproductive failure. Am J Reprod Immunol 2019; 81:e13083. [PMID: 30604518 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Does hepatitis B infection affect peripheral blood immune response in women with reproductive failure? METHOD OF STUDY Two hundred and twenty-seven women, including 10 HBsAg+ HBeAg+ , 27 HBsAg+ HBeAg- hepatitis sero-positive women, and 190 women without HBV infection, formed the study population. Their peripheral immune responses containing lymphocyte subsets, cytokine production, expression of cell surface markers and intracellular toxicity molecules, and pregnancy outcomes were retrospectively compared. RESULTS Comparing with HBsAg+ HBeAg- carriers and HBsAg- group, HBsAg+ HBeAg+ group had lower rates of CD3+ CD4+ helper T cells (31.7% vs 38.0% and 36.8%, P < 0.05, respectively), but higher frequency of CD19+ B cells (17.8% vs 14.0% and 13.2%, P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively). NK cells in HBsAg+ HBeAg+ patients showed lower cytotoxic activity than that in two other groups (P < 0.05). Comparing with HBsAg- patients, HBsAg+ HBeAg+ group exhibited decreased expression of the activating receptor NKG2D (56.2% vs 66.1%, P < 0.05), as well as reduced expression of granzyme B (54.8% vs 70.5%, P < 0.05), perforin (49.9% vs 65.0%, P < 0.05), and granulysin (52.0% vs 67.9%, P < 0.01). Generally, a higher clinical pregnancy rate (85.7% vs 56.9%) and higher early miscarriage rate (33.3% vs 20.3%) were noticed in HBsAg+ HBeAg+ group than HBsAg- group. CONCLUSION Chronic HBV infection alters peripheral immune responses by upregulating B-cell frequency, decreasing CD3+ CD4+ helper T cells, and decreasing peripheral NK function and toxicity. These may influence pregnancy outcome on HBV-infected patients, and the pathogenesis of HBV infection on pregnancy outcome deserves to be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longfei Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproduction and Genetics, Fertility Center, Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.,Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Linlin Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproduction and Genetics, Fertility Center, Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunyu Huang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproduction and Genetics, Fertility Center, Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Lianghui Diao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproduction and Genetics, Fertility Center, Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongnu Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproduction and Genetics, Fertility Center, Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproduction and Genetics, Fertility Center, Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproduction and Genetics, Fertility Center, Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yong Zeng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproduction and Genetics, Fertility Center, Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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637
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Iga N, Otsuka A, Yamamoto Y, Nakashima C, Honda T, Kitoh A, Nakajima S, Egawa G, Nomura T, Dainichi T, Matsushita S, Tanizaki H, Yamamoto Y, Funakoshi T, Fujisawa Y, Fujimura T, Hata H, Ishida Y, Kabashima K. Accumulation of exhausted CD8+ T cells in extramammary Paget's disease. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211135. [PMID: 30682105 PMCID: PMC6347258 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has highlighted the clinical relevance of enhancing anti-tumor response of CD8+ T cells in several cancer types. Little is known, however, about the involvement of the immune system in extramammary Paget’s disease (EMPD). We examined the cytotoxicity and the effector functions of CD8+ T cells using paired samples of peripheral blood and tumors by flow cytometry. Expression levels of perforin, granzyme B, IFN-g, TNF-a, and IL-2 in CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) were significantly lower than those in CD8+ T cells of peripheral blood. Significantly higher expression of PD-1 was found in CD8+TILs than in CD8+ T cells of peripheral blood. A high number of CD8+ cells was significantly associated with poor overall survival (OS) adjusted with age, sex, and clinical stage (hazard ratio [HR] = 5.03, P = 0.045, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03–24.4). On the other hand, the number of PD-1+ cells was not associated with OS or disease-free survival (DFS). Moreover, we found that tumor cells produced immunosuppressive molecule indoleamine 2,3-dyoxygenae (IDO). In conclusion, CD8+ TILs displayed an exhausted phenotype in EMPD. IDO expression seemed more relevant in inducing CD8 exhaustion than PD-1 upregulation or PD-L1 expression by immune cells. Restoring the effector functions of CD8+ TILs could be an effective treatment strategy for advanced EMPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsuko Iga
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Atsushi Otsuka
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Translational Research Department for Skin and Brain Diseases, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- * E-mail: (AO); (KK)
| | - Yosuke Yamamoto
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Chisa Nakashima
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Honda
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kitoh
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Saeko Nakajima
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Gyohei Egawa
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Nomura
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Teruki Dainichi
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shigeto Matsushita
- Department of Dermato-Oncology/Dermatology, National Hospital Organization Kagoshima Medical Center, Kagoshima, Japan
| | | | - Yuki Yamamoto
- Department of Dermatology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Takeru Funakoshi
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Taku Fujimura
- Department of Dermatology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroo Hata
- Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ishida
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenji Kabashima
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN) and Institute for Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail: (AO); (KK)
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638
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Chen Q, Yuan S, Sun H, Peng L. CD3 +CD20 + T cells and their roles in human diseases. Hum Immunol 2019; 80:191-194. [PMID: 30639700 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
CD3+CD20+ T cells are a population of CD3+ T cells co-expressing CD20 that make up to ∼3-5% of the CD3+ T-cell compartment in the peripheral blood of human beings. In healthy individuals, CD3+CD20+ T cells are heterogeneous for containing a lower proportion of CD4+ cells, but produce higher levels of IL-17A and/or IFN-γ than those of CD3+CD20- T cells. Recently, emerging studies have shown a pathogenic behavior of CD3+CD20+ T cells in autoimmune diseases and CD20+ T-cell malignancies, and patients with the diseases may benefit from anti-CD20 immunotherapy to deplete these cells. However, CD3+CD20+ T cells may also play a protective role in ovarian cancer and HIV infection for their strong propensity to IFN-γ production. In this review, we will describe the current knowledge about CD3+CD20+ T-cell biology, and discuss their functional roles in autoimmune diseases as well as cancer and infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Shunling Yuan
- East China Military Material Purchasing Bureau, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hongwu Sun
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Liusheng Peng
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
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639
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Functional Assessment for Clinical Use of Serum-Free Adapted NK-92 Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11010069. [PMID: 30634595 PMCID: PMC6356567 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11010069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells stand out as promising candidates for cellular immunotherapy due to their capacity to kill malignant cells. However, the therapeutic use of NK cells is often dependent on cell expansion and activation with considerable amounts of serum and exogenous cytokines. We aimed to develop an expansion protocol for NK-92 cells in an effort to generate a cost-efficient, xeno-free, clinical grade manufactured master cell line for therapeutic applications. By making functional assays with NK-92 cells cultured under serum-free conditions (NK-92SF) and comparing to serum-supplemented NK-92 cells (NK-92S) we did not observe significant alterations in the viability, proliferation, receptor expression levels, or in perforin and granzyme levels. Interestingly, even though NK-92SF cells displayed decreased degranulation and cytotoxicity against tumor cells in vitro, the degranulation capacity was recovered after overnight incubation with 20% serum in the medium. Moreover, lentiviral vector-based genetic modification efficiency of NK-92SF cells was comparable with NK-92S cells. The application of similar strategies can be useful in reducing the costs of manufacturing cells for clinical use and can help us understand and implement strategies towards chemically defined expansion and genetic modification protocols.
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640
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Ajith A, Portik-Dobos V, Nguyen-Lefebvre AT, Callaway C, Horuzsko DD, Kapoor R, Zayas C, Maenaka K, Mulloy LL, Horuzsko A. HLA-G dimer targets Granzyme B pathway to prolong human renal allograft survival. FASEB J 2019; 33:5220-5236. [PMID: 30620626 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802017r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Human leukocyte antigen G (HLA-G), a nonclassic HLA class Ib molecule involved in the maintenance of maternal tolerance to semiallogeneic fetal tissues during pregnancy, has emerged as a potential therapeutic target to control allograft rejection. We demonstrate here that the level of soluble HLA-G dimer was higher in a group of 90 patients with a functioning renal allograft compared with 40 patients who rejected (RJ) their transplants. The HLA-G dimer level was not affected by demographic status. One of the potential mechanisms in tissue-organ allograft rejection involves the induction of granzymes and perforin, which are the main effector molecules expressed by CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes and function to destroy allogeneic transplants. Using genomics and molecular and cellular analyses of cells from T-cell-mediated RJ and nonrejected kidney transplant patients, cells from leukocyte Ig-like receptor B1 (LILRB1) transgenic mice, humanized mice, and genetically engineered HLA-G dimer, we demonstrated a novel mechanism by which HLA-G dimer inhibits activation and cytotoxic capabilities of human CD8+ T cells. This mechanism implicated the down-regulation of Granzyme B expression and the essential involvement of LILRB1. Thus, HLA-G dimer has the potential to be a specific and effective therapy for prevention of allograft rejection and prolongation of graft survival.-Ajith, A., Portik-Dobos, V., Nguyen-Lefebvre, A. T., Callaway, C., Horuzsko, D. D., Kapoor, R., Zayas, C., Maenaka, K., Mulloy, L. L., Horuzsko, A. HLA-G dimer targets Granzyme B pathway to prolong human renal allograft survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwin Ajith
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Vera Portik-Dobos
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Anh Thu Nguyen-Lefebvre
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Christine Callaway
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Daniel D Horuzsko
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Rajan Kapoor
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Carlos Zayas
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Katsumi Maenaka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Laura L Mulloy
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Anatolij Horuzsko
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
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641
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Vazquez J, Chasman DA, Lopez GE, Tyler CT, Ong IM, Stanic AK. Transcriptional and Functional Programming of Decidual Innate Lymphoid Cells. Front Immunol 2019; 10:3065. [PMID: 32038619 PMCID: PMC6992589 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.03065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A successful pregnancy requires many physiological adaptations from the mother, including the establishment of tolerance toward the semiallogeneic fetus. Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) have arisen as important players in immune regulation and tissue homeostasis at mucosal and barrier surfaces. Dimensionality reduction and transcriptomic analysis revealed the presence of two novel CD56Bright decidual ILCs that express low T-bet and divergent Eomes levels. Transcriptional correlation with recently identified first trimester decidual dNKs suggests that these novel decidual ILCs might be present throughout pregnancy. Functional testing with permutation analysis revealed production of multiple factors by individual cells, with a preference for IFNγ and VEGF. Overall, our data suggests continuity of a unique decidual innate lymphocytes across pregnancy with a polyfunctional functional profile conducive for pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Vazquez
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Deborah A. Chasman
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Gladys E. Lopez
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Chanel T. Tyler
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Irene M. Ong
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Aleksandar K. Stanic
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- *Correspondence: Aleksandar K. Stanic
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642
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Rudqvist NP, Galluzzi L. T Cells: Friends and Foes. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 342:xi-xiv. [DOI: 10.1016/s1937-6448(19)30009-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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643
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A Flow Cytometric NK Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity Assay to Evaluate Anticancer Immune Responses In Vitro. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1884:131-139. [PMID: 30465199 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8885-3_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The immune system is able to detect and eliminate nascent and developing tumors. Thus, T lymphocytes of the adaptive immunity recognize cancer cells by detecting tumor-associated antigens, whereas certain innate immune cells scan for molecules that are mainly overexpressed on malignant and infected cells. The best example of the latter is natural killer (NK) cells. The activity of these immune cells is strictly governed by a balance between positive and negative signals provided by stress-regulated molecules that bind NK cell membrane receptors, such as the activatory receptor NKG2D. Given the key role of NK cells in eradicating cancer cells, the development of assays to study the cellular and molecular determinants of NK cell antitumor activity are of great relevance. In this chapter, we describe a flow cytometric in vitro assay to evaluate the cytotoxic activity of NK cells against a given target cell, including tumor cells. Moreover, this method is highly versatile, as it can be complemented with the use of antibodies blocking cell surface proteins (receptors or ligands) or a variety of chemical modulators, which allows the elucidation of molecules and signaling pathways that regulate NK cell anticancer function.
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644
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Turner CT, Lim D, Granville DJ. Granzyme B in skin inflammation and disease. Matrix Biol 2019; 75-76:126-140. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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645
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646
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Wieland A, Ahmed R. Fc Receptors in Antimicrobial Protection. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2019; 423:119-150. [DOI: 10.1007/82_2019_154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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647
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Ovadya Y, Landsberger T, Leins H, Vadai E, Gal H, Biran A, Yosef R, Sagiv A, Agrawal A, Shapira A, Windheim J, Tsoory M, Schirmbeck R, Amit I, Geiger H, Krizhanovsky V. Impaired immune surveillance accelerates accumulation of senescent cells and aging. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5435. [PMID: 30575733 PMCID: PMC6303397 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07825-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a stress response that imposes stable cell-cycle arrest in damaged cells, preventing their propagation in tissues. However, senescent cells accumulate in tissues in advanced age, where they might promote tissue degeneration and malignant transformation. The extent of immune-system involvement in regulating age-related accumulation of senescent cells, and its consequences, are unknown. Here we show that Prf1-/- mice with impaired cell cytotoxicity exhibit both higher senescent-cell tissue burden and chronic inflammation. They suffer from multiple age-related disorders and lower survival. Strikingly, pharmacological elimination of senescent-cells by ABT-737 partially alleviates accelerated aging phenotype in these mice. In LMNA+/G609G progeroid mice, impaired cell cytotoxicity further promotes senescent-cell accumulation and shortens lifespan. ABT-737 administration during the second half of life of these progeroid mice abrogates senescence signature and increases median survival. Our findings shed new light on mechanisms governing senescent-cell presence in aging, and could motivate new strategies for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yossi Ovadya
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Tomer Landsberger
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Hanna Leins
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Stem Cell and Aging, Ulm University, Ulm, 89081, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, 89081, Germany
| | - Ezra Vadai
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Hilah Gal
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Anat Biran
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Reut Yosef
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Adi Sagiv
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Amit Agrawal
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Alon Shapira
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Joseph Windheim
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Michael Tsoory
- Department of Veterinary Resources, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Reinhold Schirmbeck
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, 89081, Germany
| | - Ido Amit
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Hartmut Geiger
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Stem Cell and Aging, Ulm University, Ulm, 89081, Germany.,Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 45229, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Valery Krizhanovsky
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100, Rehovot, Israel.
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648
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Giant tortoise genomes provide insights into longevity and age-related disease. Nat Ecol Evol 2018; 3:87-95. [PMID: 30510174 PMCID: PMC6314442 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-018-0733-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Giant tortoises are among the longest-lived vertebrate animals and, as such, provide an excellent model to study traits like longevity and age-related diseases. However, genomic and molecular evolutionary information on giant tortoises is scarce. Here, we describe a global analysis of the genomes of Lonesome George-the iconic last member of Chelonoidis abingdonii-and the Aldabra giant tortoise (Aldabrachelys gigantea). Comparison of these genomes with those of related species, using both unsupervised and supervised analyses, led us to detect lineage-specific variants affecting DNA repair genes, inflammatory mediators and genes related to cancer development. Our study also hints at specific evolutionary strategies linked to increased lifespan, and expands our understanding of the genomic determinants of ageing. These new genome sequences also provide important resources to help the efforts for restoration of giant tortoise populations.
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649
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Du Y, Jin Y, Sun W, Fang J, Zheng J, Tian J. Advances in molecular imaging of immune checkpoint targets in malignancies: current and future prospect. Eur Radiol 2018; 29:4294-4302. [PMID: 30506221 PMCID: PMC6610275 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-018-5814-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Objectives This review describes the current status and progress of immune checkpoint targets for imaging of malignancies. Immune checkpoint blockade holds great potential for cancer treatment, and clinical implementation into routine is very rapidly progressing. Therefore, it is an urgent need to become familiar with the vocabulary of immunotherapy and with the evaluation of immune checkpoint and related treatments through noninvasive molecular imaging. Currently, immune target-associated imaging mainly includes PET, SPECT, optical imaging, and MRI. Each imaging method has its own inherent strengths and weaknesses in reflecting tumor morphology and physiology. PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA-4, and LAG-3 are the most commonly considered targets. In this review, the current status and progress of molecular imaging of immune checkpoint targets are discussed. Conclusion Molecular imaging is likely to become a major tool for monitoring immunotherapy. It can help in selecting patients who are suitable for immunotherapy, and also monitor the tumor response. Key Points • Immune checkpoint blockade holds great promise for the treatment of different malignant tumors. • Molecular imaging can identify the expression of immune checkpoint targets in the tumor microenvironment at the molecular and cellular levels, and therefore helps selecting potential responders, suitable for specific immunotherapy. • Molecular imaging can also monitor immunotherapeutic effects, and therefore participates in the evaluation of tumor response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Du
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, The State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Beijing, 100190, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100080, China
| | - Yinhua Jin
- Department of Radiology, Ningbo No.2 Hospital, Xibei Street 41#, Haishu Dist., Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, The State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Beijing, 100190, China.,Department of Radiology, Ningbo No.2 Hospital, Xibei Street 41#, Haishu Dist., Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junjie Fang
- Department of Radiology, Ningbo No.2 Hospital, Xibei Street 41#, Haishu Dist., Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianjun Zheng
- Department of Radiology, Ningbo No.2 Hospital, Xibei Street 41#, Haishu Dist., Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jie Tian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, The State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Beijing, 100190, China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Beijing, 100190, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100080, China. .,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China.
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650
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Pathophysiological mechanisms of diabetic cardiomyopathy and the therapeutic potential of epigallocatechin-3-gallate. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 109:2155-2172. [PMID: 30551473 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.11.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular complications are considered one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among diabetic patients. Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a type of cardiovascular damage presents in diabetic patients independent of the coexistence of ischemic heart disease or hypertension. It is characterized by impaired diastolic relaxation time, myocardial dilatation and hypertrophy and reduced systolic and diastolic functions of the left ventricle. Molecular mechanisms underlying these pathological changes in the diabetic heart are most likely multifactorial and include, but not limited to, oxidative/nitrosative stress, increased advanced glycation end products, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation and cell death. The aim of this review is to address the major molecular mechanisms implicated in the pathogenesis of DCM. In addition, this review provides studies conducted to determine the pharmacological effects of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the major polyphenol in green tea, focusing on its therapeutic potential against the processes involved in the pathogenesis and progression of DCM. EGCG has been shown to exert several potential therapeutic properties both in vitro and in vivo. Given its therapeutic potential, EGCG might be a promising drug candidate to decrease the morbidity and mortality associated with DCM and other diabetes complications.
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