99801
|
Haegebaert RM, Kempers M, Ceelen W, Lentacker I, Remaut K. Nanoparticle mediated targeting of toll-like receptors to treat colorectal cancer. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2022; 172:16-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
99802
|
Li D, Fan X, Li Y, Yang J, Lin H. The paradoxical functions of long noncoding RNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma: Implications in therapeutic opportunities and precision medicine. Genes Dis 2022; 9:358-369. [PMID: 35224152 PMCID: PMC8843871 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2020.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is among the most aggressive and lethal diseases with poor prognosis, worldwide. However, the mechanisms underlying HCC have not been comprehensively elucidated. With the recent application of high-throughput sequencing techniques, a diverse catalogue of differentially expressed long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) in cancer have been shown to participate in HCC. Rather than being "transcriptional noise," they are emerging as important regulators of many biological processes, including chromatin remodelling, transcription, alternative splicing, translational and post-translational modification. Moreover, lncRNAs have dual effects in the development and progression of HCC, including oncogenic and tumour-suppressive roles. Collectively, recently data point to lncRNAs as novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers with satisfactory sensitivity and specificity, as well as being therapeutic targets for HCC patients. In this review, we highlight recent progress of the molecular patterns of lncRNAs and discuss their potential clinical application in human HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Duguang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
- Biomedical Research Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Xiaoxiao Fan
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
- Biomedical Research Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Yirun Li
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
- Biomedical Research Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
- Biomedical Research Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Hui Lin
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
- Biomedical Research Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
99803
|
Boscaini S, Leigh SJ, Lavelle A, García-Cabrerizo R, Lipuma T, Clarke G, Schellekens H, Cryan JF. Microbiota and body weight control: Weight watchers within? Mol Metab 2022; 57:101427. [PMID: 34973469 PMCID: PMC8829807 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite several decades of research, managing body weight remains an unsolved clinical problem. Health problems associated with dysregulated body weight, such as obesity and cachexia, exhibit several gut microbiota alterations. There is an increased interest in utilising the gut microbiota for body weight control, as it responds to intervention and plays an important role in energy extraction from food, as well as biotransformation of nutrients. SCOPE OF THE REVIEW This review provides an overview of the role of the gut microbiota in the physiological and metabolic alterations observed in two body weight dysregulation-related disorders, namely obesity and cachexia. Second, we assess the available evidence for different strategies, including caloric restriction, intermittent fasting, ketogenic diet, bariatric surgery, probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, high-fibre diet, and fermented foods - effects on body weight and gut microbiota composition. This approach was used to give insights into the possible link between body weight control and gut microbiota configuration. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Despite extensive associations between body weight and gut microbiota composition, limited success could be achieved in the translation of microbiota-related interventions for body weight control in humans. Manipulation of the gut microbiota alone is insufficient to alter body weight and future research is needed with a combination of strategies to enhance the effects of lifestyle interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Serena Boscaini
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Aonghus Lavelle
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Timothy Lipuma
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard Clarke
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Harriët Schellekens
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
99804
|
Pinho S, Wei Q, Maryanovich M, Zhang D, Balandrán JC, Pierce H, Nakahara F, Di Staulo A, Bartholdy BA, Xu J, Borger DK, Verma A, Frenette PS. VCAM1 confers innate immune tolerance on haematopoietic and leukaemic stem cells. Nat Cell Biol 2022; 24:290-298. [PMID: 35210567 PMCID: PMC8930732 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-022-00849-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) home to the bone marrow via, in part, interactions with vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM1)1-3. Once in the bone marrow, HSCs are vetted by perivascular phagocytes to ensure their self-integrity. Here we show that VCAM1 is also expressed on healthy HSCs and upregulated on leukaemic stem cells (LSCs), where it serves as a quality-control checkpoint for entry into bone marrow by providing 'don't-eat-me' stamping in the context of major histocompatibility complex class-I (MHC-I) presentation. Although haplotype-mismatched HSCs can engraft, Vcam1 deletion, in the setting of haplotype mismatch, leads to impaired haematopoietic recovery due to HSC clearance by mononuclear phagocytes. Mechanistically, VCAM1 'don't-eat-me' activity is regulated by β2-microglobulin MHC presentation on HSCs and paired Ig-like receptor-B (PIR-B) on phagocytes. VCAM1 is also used by cancer cells to escape immune detection as its expression is upregulated in multiple cancers, including acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), where high expression associates with poor prognosis. In AML, VCAM1 promotes disease progression, whereas VCAM1 inhibition or deletion reduces leukaemia burden and extends survival. These results suggest that VCAM1 engagement regulates a critical immune-checkpoint gate in the bone marrow, and offers an alternative strategy to eliminate cancer cells via modulation of the innate immune tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Pinho
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
- Department of Pharmacology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
| | - Qiaozhi Wei
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Maria Maryanovich
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Dachuan Zhang
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Juan Carlos Balandrán
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Halley Pierce
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Fumio Nakahara
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Anna Di Staulo
- Department of Pharmacology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
| | - Boris A. Bartholdy
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Jianing Xu
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Daniel K. Borger
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Amit Verma
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
- Department of Developmental & Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Paul S. Frenette
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
99805
|
Kaushik Tiwari M, Colon-Rios DA, Tumu HCR, Liu Y, Quijano E, Krysztofiak A, Chan C, Song E, Braddock DT, Suh HW, Saltzman WM, Rogers FA. Direct targeting of amplified gene loci for proapoptotic anticancer therapy. Nat Biotechnol 2022; 40:325-334. [PMID: 34711990 PMCID: PMC8930417 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-021-01057-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Gene amplification drives oncogenesis in a broad spectrum of cancers. A number of drugs have been developed to inhibit the protein products of amplified driver genes, but their clinical efficacy is often hampered by drug resistance. Here, we introduce a therapeutic strategy for targeting cancer-associated gene amplifications by activating the DNA damage response with triplex-forming oligonucleotides (TFOs), which drive the induction of apoptosis in tumors, whereas cells without amplifications process lower levels of DNA damage. Focusing on cancers driven by HER2 amplification, we find that TFOs targeting HER2 induce copy number-dependent DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and activate p53-independent apoptosis in HER2-positive cancer cells and human tumor xenografts via a mechanism that is independent of HER2 cellular function. This strategy has demonstrated in vivo efficacy comparable to that of current precision medicines and provided a feasible alternative to combat drug resistance in HER2-positive breast and ovarian cancer models. These findings offer a general strategy for targeting tumors with amplified genomic loci.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meetu Kaushik Tiwari
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Daniel A Colon-Rios
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Hemanta C Rao Tumu
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yanfeng Liu
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Elias Quijano
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Adam Krysztofiak
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Cynthia Chan
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Eric Song
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Hee-Won Suh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - W Mark Saltzman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Faye A Rogers
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
99806
|
You B, Xia T, Gu M, Zhang Z, Zhang Q, Shen J, Fan Y, Yao H, Pan S, Lu Y, Cheng T, Yang Z, He X, Zhang H, Shi M, Liu D, You Y. AMPK-mTOR-Mediated Activation of Autophagy Promotes Formation of Dormant Polyploid Giant Cancer Cells. Cancer Res 2022; 82:846-858. [PMID: 34965934 PMCID: PMC9359740 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-2342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Dormant cancer cells that survive anticancer therapy can lead to cancer recurrence and disseminated metastases that prove fatal in most cases. Recently, specific dormant polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCC) have drawn our attention because of their association with the clinical risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) recurrence, as demonstrated by previous clinical data. In this study, we report the biological properties of PGCC, including mitochondrial alterations, and reveal that autophagy is a critical mechanism of PGCC induction. Moreover, pharmacologic or genetic inhibition of autophagy greatly impaired PGCC formation, significantly suppressing metastasis and improving survival in a mouse model. Mechanistically, chemotherapeutic drugs partly damaged mitochondria, which then produced low ATP levels and activated autophagy via the AMPK-mTOR pathway to promote PGCC formation. Analysis of the transcriptional and epigenetic landscape of PGCC revealed overexpression of RIPK1, and the scaffolding function of RIPK1 was required for AMPK-mTOR pathway-induced PGCC survival. High numbers of PGCCs correlated with shorter recurrence time and worse survival outcomes in patients with NPC. Collectively, these findings suggest a therapeutic approach of targeting dormant PGCCs in cancer. SIGNIFICANCE Pretreatment with an autophagy inhibitor before chemotherapy could prevent formation of therapy-induced dormant polyploid giant cancer cells, thereby reducing recurrence and metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo You
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China.,Institute of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China.,College of Medicine, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tian Xia
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China.,Institute of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China.,College of Medicine, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Miao Gu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China.,Institute of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China.,College of Medicine, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhenxin Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China.,Institute of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China.,College of Medicine, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qicheng Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China.,Institute of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China.,College of Medicine, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jianhong Shen
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yue Fan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China.,Institute of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China.,College of Medicine, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hui Yao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China.,Institute of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China.,College of Medicine, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Si Pan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China.,Institute of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China.,College of Medicine, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yingna Lu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China.,Institute of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China.,College of Medicine, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tianyi Cheng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China.,Institute of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China.,College of Medicine, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhiyuan Yang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China.,Institute of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China.,College of Medicine, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xin He
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Institute of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China.,College of Medicine, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Muqi Shi
- Institute of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China.,College of Medicine, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Nantong Laboratory of Development and Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and MOE, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China.,Corresponding Authors: Yiwen You, Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 40 Qing Nian Dong Lu, Chongchuan District, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China, 226007, China. Phone: 135-8522-9333; E-mail: ; and Dong Liu, Nantong Laboratory of Development and Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and MOE, Nantong University, 9 Siyuan Road, Chongchuan District, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China, 226019, China. Phone: 8618-6051-33927; E-mail:
| | - Yiwen You
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China.,Institute of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China.,College of Medicine, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China.,Corresponding Authors: Yiwen You, Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 40 Qing Nian Dong Lu, Chongchuan District, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China, 226007, China. Phone: 135-8522-9333; E-mail: ; and Dong Liu, Nantong Laboratory of Development and Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and MOE, Nantong University, 9 Siyuan Road, Chongchuan District, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China, 226019, China. Phone: 8618-6051-33927; E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
99807
|
Traxinger BR, Richert-Spuhler LE, Lund JM. Mucosal tissue regulatory T cells are integral in balancing immunity and tolerance at portals of antigen entry. Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:398-407. [PMID: 34845322 PMCID: PMC8628059 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-021-00471-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) are a subset of CD4+ T cells that exert suppressive control over other immune cells. Tregs are critical for preventing systemic autoimmunity and maintaining peripheral tolerance, and yet they also assist in orchestration of immunity to pathogenic insult, wherein they limit collateral immunopathology and assist in facilitating a fine balance between immune tolerance and effector activity. Tregs have been extensively studied in lymphoid tissues, and a growing body of work has characterized phenotypically distinct Tregs localized in various nonlymphoid tissue compartments. These tissue Tregs can perform location-specific, alternative functions, highlighting their dynamic, context-dependent roles. Tregs have also been identified in mucosal tissues where specialized physiological functions are paramount, including helping the host to respond appropriately to pathogenic versus innocuous antigens that are abundant at mucosal portals of antigen entry. As in other tissue Treg compartments, mucosal Tregs in the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and genitourinary tracts are distinct from circulating counterparts and can carry out mucosa-specific functions as well as classic suppressive functions that are the hallmark of Tregs. In this review, we summarize current knowledge regarding mucosal Tregs in both health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brianna R Traxinger
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Laura E Richert-Spuhler
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jennifer M Lund
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
99808
|
Risk Factors for Occurrence and Relapse of Soft Tissue Sarcoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14051273. [PMID: 35267581 PMCID: PMC8909240 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14051273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis and prognostic outcome of STS pose a therapeutic challenge in an interdisciplinary setting. The treatment protocols are still discussed controversially. This systematic meta-analysis aimed to determine prognostic factors leading to the development and recurrence of STS. Eligible studies that investigated potential risk factors such as smoking, genetic dispositions, toxins, chronic inflammation as well as prognostic relapse factors including radiation, chemotherapy and margins of resection were identified. Data from 24 studies published between 1993 and 2019 that comprised 6452 patients were pooled. A statistically significant effect developing STS was found in overall studies stating a causality between risk factors and the development of STS (p < 0.01). Although subgroup analysis did not meet statistical significances, it revealed a greater magnitude with smoking (p = 0.23), genetic predisposition (p = 0.13) chronic inflammation, (p = 0.20), and toxins (p = 0.14). Secondly, pooled analyses demonstrated a higher risk of relapse for margin of resection (p = 0.78), chemotherapy (p = 0.20) and radiation (p = 0.16); after 3 years of follow-up. Therefore, we were able to identify risk and relapse prognostic factors for STS, helping to diagnose and treat this low incidental cancer properly.
Collapse
|
99809
|
Weiss F, Lauffenburger D, Friedl P. Towards targeting of shared mechanisms of cancer metastasis and therapy resistance. Nat Rev Cancer 2022; 22:157-173. [PMID: 35013601 PMCID: PMC10399972 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-021-00427-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Resistance to therapeutic treatment and metastatic progression jointly determine a fatal outcome of cancer. Cancer metastasis and therapeutic resistance are traditionally studied as separate fields using non-overlapping strategies. However, emerging evidence, including from in vivo imaging and in vitro organotypic culture, now suggests that both programmes cooperate and reinforce each other in the invasion niche and persist upon metastatic evasion. As a consequence, cancer cell subpopulations exhibiting metastatic invasion undergo multistep reprogramming that - beyond migration signalling - supports repair programmes, anti-apoptosis processes, metabolic adaptation, stemness and survival. Shared metastasis and therapy resistance signalling are mediated by multiple mechanisms, such as engagement of integrins and other context receptors, cell-cell communication, stress responses and metabolic reprogramming, which cooperate with effects elicited by autocrine and paracrine chemokine and growth factor cues present in the activated tumour microenvironment. These signals empower metastatic cells to cope with therapeutic assault and survive. Identifying nodes shared in metastasis and therapy resistance signalling networks should offer new opportunities to improve anticancer therapy beyond current strategies, to eliminate both nodular lesions and cells in metastatic transit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Weiss
- Department of Cell Biology, RIMLS, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Douglas Lauffenburger
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Peter Friedl
- Department of Cell Biology, RIMLS, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.
- David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- Cancer Genomics Center, Utrecht, Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
99810
|
ZeinElAbdeen YA, AbdAlSeed A, Youness RA. Decoding Insulin-Like Growth Factor Signaling Pathway From a Non-coding RNAs Perspective: A Step Towards Precision Oncology in Breast Cancer. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2022; 27:79-99. [PMID: 35146629 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-022-09511-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is a highly complex and heterogenous disease. Several oncogenic signaling pathways drive BC oncogenic activity, thus hindering scientists to unravel the exact molecular pathogenesis of such multifaceted disease. This highlights the urgent need to find a key regulator that tunes up such intertwined oncogenic drivers to trim the malignant transformation process within the breast tissue. The Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling pathway is a tenacious axis that is heavily intertwined with BC where it modulates the amplitude and activity of vital downstream oncogenic signaling pathways. Yet, the complexity of the pathway and the interactions driven by its different members seem to aggravate its oncogenicity and hinder its target-ability. In this review, the authors shed the light on the stubbornness of the IGF signaling pathway and its potential regulation by non-coding RNAs in different BC subtypes. Nonetheless, this review also spots light on the possible transport systems available for efficient delivery of non-coding RNAs to their respective targets to reach a personalized treatment code for BC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yousra Ahmed ZeinElAbdeen
- The Molecular Genetics Research Team, Pharmaceutical Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University, Main Entrance Al Tagamoa Al Khames, New Cairo CityCairo, 11835, Egypt
| | - Amna AbdAlSeed
- The Molecular Genetics Research Team, Pharmaceutical Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University, Main Entrance Al Tagamoa Al Khames, New Cairo CityCairo, 11835, Egypt
- University of Khartoum, Al-Gama a Avenue, 11115, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Rana A Youness
- The Molecular Genetics Research Team, Pharmaceutical Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University, Main Entrance Al Tagamoa Al Khames, New Cairo CityCairo, 11835, Egypt.
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire Hosted By Global Academic Foundation, New Administrative Capital, Cairo, 11586, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
99811
|
Lin S, Huang J, Zeng H, Tong Q, Zhang X, Yang B, Ye Y, Wang J, Hu Z, Zhang Y. Distachydrimanes A–F, phenylspirodrimane dimers and hybrids with cytotoxic activity from the coral-derived fungus Stachybotrys chartarum. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.03.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
99812
|
Kole C, Charalampakis N, Tsakatikas S, Frountzas M, Apostolou K, Schizas D. Immunotherapy in Combination with Well-Established Treatment Strategies in Pancreatic Cancer: Current Insights. Cancer Manag Res 2022; 14:1043-1061. [PMID: 35300059 PMCID: PMC8921671 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s267260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most common type of pancreatic cancer and fourth most common cause of death in developed countries. Despite improved survival rates after resection combined with adjuvant chemotherapy or neoadjuvant chemotherapy, recurrence still occurs in a high percentage of patients within the first 2 years after resection. Immunotherapy aims to improve antitumor immune responses and reduce toxicity providing a more specific, targeted therapy compared to chemotherapy and has been proved an efficient therapeutic tool for many solid tumors. In this work, we present the latest advances in PDAC treatment using a combination of immunotherapy with other interventions such as chemotherapy and/or radiation both at neoadjuvant and adjuvant setting. Moreover, we outline the role of the tumor microenvironment as a key barrier to immunotherapy efficacy and examine how immunotherapy biomarkers may be used to detect immunotherapy’s response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christo Kole
- First Department of Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, Athens, 115 27, Greece
| | | | - Sergios Tsakatikas
- Department of Medical Oncology, Metaxa Cancer Hospital, Athens, 185 37, Greece
| | - Maximos Frountzas
- First Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippocration General Hospital, Athens, 115 27, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Apostolou
- First Department of Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, Athens, 115 27, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Schizas
- First Department of Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, Athens, 115 27, Greece
- Correspondence: Dimitrios Schizas, First Department of Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, Athens, 115 27, Greece, Tel +306944505917, Fax +302132061766, Email
| |
Collapse
|
99813
|
Mechanochemical synthesis and characterization of a novel AAs–Flucytosine drug–drug cocrystal: A versatile model system for green approaches. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.132052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
99814
|
Papel de la activación adicional del gen RA en el desarrollo del fenotipo resistente a la castración en el cáncer de próstata. Actas Urol Esp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.acuro.2020.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
99815
|
Adenosine Receptor Signaling in Diseases with Focus on Cancer. JORJANI BIOMEDICINE JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.52547/jorjanibiomedj.10.1.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
|
99816
|
Photoactive homomolecular bis(n)-Lophine dyads: Multicomponent synthesis, photophysical properties, theoretical investigation, docking and interaction studies with biomacromolecules. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.118084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
|
99817
|
Chen J, Sridharan D, Cross C, Pluth J. Cellular DNA effects of radiation and cancer risk assessment in cells with mitochondrial defects. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrras.2022.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
99818
|
Tal Y, Hershcovich I, Talmon A, Ribak Y, Shamriz O, Toker O, Hershko AY. Severe eosinophilia in hospitalized patients. J Intern Med 2022; 291:377-379. [PMID: 34700358 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuval Tal
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Iris Hershcovich
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Aviv Talmon
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yaarit Ribak
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Oded Shamriz
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ori Toker
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Alon Y Hershko
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
99819
|
Relation T, Li Y, Fisher JL, Tsung A, Oppong B, Eskander MF, Obeng-Gyasi S. Inflammatory breast cancer, trimodal treatment, and mortality: Does where you live matter? Surgery 2022; 171:687-692. [PMID: 34857388 PMCID: PMC8885962 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2021.08.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study is to examine the associations among neighborhood socioeconomic status, trimodal treatment, and disease-specific mortality among inflammatory breast cancer patients using data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program. METHODS Patients diagnosed with inflammatory breast cancer (T4d) from 2010 to 2016 were identified in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program. The cohort was stratified into neighborhood socioeconomic status groups (low, middle, high) based on National Cancer Institute census tract-level index. Trimodal treatment was defined as receipt of modified radical mastectomy, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. Bivariable analysis, log-rank test, and a Cox proportional hazards model (hazard ratio, 95% confidence interval) were conducted to evaluate the relationship between neighborhood socioeconomic status, trimodal treatment, and disease-specific mortality. RESULTS In total, 4,374 patients met study criteria. There was no difference between the neighborhood socioeconomic status groups in receipt of trimodal treatment (P = .19). On multivariable analysis, there was no association between low neighborhood socioeconomic status (hazard ratio 1.13, 0.98-1.30; ref high neighborhood socioeconomic status) or middle neighborhood socioeconomic status (hazard ratio 1.01, 0.88-1.64; ref high neighborhood socioeconomic status) and disease-specific mortality. Notably, triple negative subtype (hazard ratio 2.66, 2.21-3.20; ref luminal A) and Black race (hazard ratio 1.41, 1.16-1.72; ref White) were associated with a higher disease-specific mortality. CONCLUSION For inflammatory breast cancer patients in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program, disease-specific mortality appears to be driven by tumor biology and patient characteristics instead of treatment disparities or neighborhood socioeconomic status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Relation
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA,Department of Surgery, MetroHealth System and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland Ohio, USA
| | - Yaming Li
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - James L. Fisher
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA,James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Allan Tsung
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Bridget Oppong
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Mariam F. Eskander
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Samilia Obeng-Gyasi
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.
| |
Collapse
|
99820
|
Schistosoma japonicum translationally controlled tumor protein, which is associated with the development of female worms, as a target for control of schistosomiasis. Int J Parasitol 2022; 52:569-579. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2022.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
99821
|
Cellular mechanism of action of 2-nitroimidzoles as hypoxia-selective therapeutic agents. Redox Biol 2022; 52:102300. [PMID: 35430547 PMCID: PMC9038562 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Solid tumours are often poorly oxygenated, which confers resistance to standard treatment modalities. Targeting hypoxic tumours requires compounds, such as nitroimidazoles (NIs), equipped with the ability to reach and become activated within diffusion limited tumour niches. NIs become selectively entrapped in hypoxic cells through bioreductive activation, and have shown promise as hypoxia directed therapeutics. However, little is known about their mechanism of action, hindering the broader clinical usage of NIs. Iodoazomycin arabinofuranoside (IAZA) and fluoroazomycin arabinofuranoside (FAZA) are clinically validated 2-NI hypoxic radiotracers with excellent tumour uptake properties. Hypoxic cancer cells have also shown preferential susceptibility to IAZA and FAZA treatment, making them ideal candidates for an in-depth study in a therapeutic setting. Using a head and neck cancer model, we show that hypoxic cells display higher sensitivity to IAZA and FAZA, where the drugs alter cell morphology, compromise DNA replication, slow down cell cycle progression and induce replication stress, ultimately leading to cytostasis. Effects of IAZA and FAZA on target cellular macromolecules (DNA, proteins and glutathione) were characterized to uncover potential mechanism(s) of action. Covalent binding of these NIs was only observed to cellular proteins, but not to DNA, under hypoxia. While protein levels remained unaffected, catalytic activities of NI target proteins, such as the glycolytic enzyme glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and the detoxification enzyme glutathione S-transferase (GST) were significantly curtailed in response to drug treatment under hypoxia. Intraperitoneal administration of IAZA was well-tolerated in mice and produced early (but transient) growth inhibition of subcutaneous mouse tumours. Hypoxic cells display preferential sensitivity to IAZA and FAZA. They alter cell morphology and induce cytostasis. IAZA and FAZA generate covalent adducts of proteins but not DNA. GAPDH and GST activities, but not protein levels, are significantly reduced.
Collapse
|
99822
|
Payankaulam S, Hickey SL, Arnosti DN. Cell cycle expression of polarity genes features Rb targeting of Vang. Cells Dev 2022; 169:203747. [PMID: 34583062 PMCID: PMC8934252 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdev.2021.203747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Specification of cellular polarity is vital to normal tissue development and function. Pioneering studies in Drosophila and C. elegans have elucidated the composition and dynamics of protein complexes critical for establishment of cell polarity, which is manifest in processes such as cell migration and asymmetric cell division. Conserved throughout metazoans, planar cell polarity (PCP) genes are implicated in disease, including neural tube closure defects associated with mutations in VANGL1/2. PCP protein regulation is well studied; however, relatively little is known about transcriptional regulation of these genes. Our earlier study revealed an unexpected role for the fly Rbf1 retinoblastoma corepressor protein, a regulator of cell cycle genes, in transcriptional regulation of polarity genes. Here we analyze the physiological relevance of the role of E2F/Rbf proteins in the transcription of the key core polarity gene Vang. Targeted mutations to the E2F site within the Vang promoter disrupts binding of E2F/Rbf proteins in vivo, leading to polarity defects in wing hairs. E2F regulation of Vang is supported by the requirement for this motif in a reporter gene. Interestingly, the promoter is repressed by overexpression of E2F1, a transcription factor generally identified as an activator. Consistent with the regulation of this polarity gene by E2F and Rbf factors, expression of Vang and other polarity genes is found to peak in G2/M phase in cells of the embryo and wing imaginal disc, suggesting that cell cycle signals may play a role in regulation of these genes. These findings suggest that the E2F/Rbf complex mechanistically links cell proliferation and polarity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya Payankaulam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Stephanie L Hickey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA; Department of Computational Mathematics, Science, and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - David N Arnosti
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
99823
|
Khan BZ, Akinjise-ferdinand O, Kumar B. Oesophageal adenocarcinoma metastasis into a microcystic meningioma: a rare occurrence of tumour to tumour metastasis. BJR Case Rep 2022; 8:20210157. [PMID: 36177251 PMCID: PMC9499425 DOI: 10.1259/bjrcr.20210157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A 78-year-old male was admitted with a history of a fall following seizures. This occurred 2 years post-curative treatment (minimally invasive oesophagectomy with neo-adjuvant chemotherapy) for an oesophageal adenocarcinoma staged T3N0M0. On examination, patient had left-sided hemiparesis. A CT and magnetic resonance image (MRI) of the head confirmed a right frontotemporal meningioma with features suggestive of internal haemorrhage or calcification and mild local mass effect. A joint decision was made between the local neuro-surgical and neurology departments to manage this conservatively. However, due to progressive neurological deterioration and a concomitant increase in the size of the haemorrhagic lesion, emergent surgical intervention was indicated. The patient underwent a Simpson one complete resection (complete tumour resection including associated dura matter and abnormal underlying bone). Postoperative histology confirmed a rare case of metastatic oesophageal adenocarcinoma to a microcystic meningioma (World Health Organization Grade I). The meningioma was the only known site of distant metastasis for the oesophageal adenocarcinoma. Our case highlights the only documented case of the adenocarcinoma subtype of oesophageal tumour metastasizing to a meningioma. This case demonstrates the rare but well-documented occurrence of tumour to tumour metastasis. It highlights the importance played by imaging and clinical correlation when assessing progressively growing meningiomas in patients with a history of or underlying malignancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Basil Zia Khan
- Oxford University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | | | - Bhaskar Kumar
- Norfolk and Noriwch University Hospital, Norwich, UK
| |
Collapse
|
99824
|
Romão P, Souza ÍDC, Silva I, Guimarães VR, Camargo JAD, Dos Santos GA, Viana NI, Srougi M, Leite KRM, Reis ST, Pimenta R. Additional activation of the AR gene may be involved in the development of the castration resistance phenotype in prostate cancer. Actas Urol Esp 2022; 46:78-84. [PMID: 35123885 DOI: 10.1016/j.acuroe.2021.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Several studies have already shown that changes in the AR gene may be associated with a more aggressive disease phenotype and even castration-resistant prostate cancer. Thus, we investigated cytogenetic and molecular alterations linked to AR. MATERIALS AND METHODS To evaluate AR methylation, we performed a cytogenetic-molecular analysis using fluorescence in situ hybridization that uses specific probes for the AR gene (Xq11.12) and the X chromosome centromere. For AR activity, we performed a qualitative analysis of human androgen receptor activity. To analyze the expression of AR in PC3 and LNCaP cell lines, we used qPCR assays. RESULTS In the qPCR assay, we found downregulation of AR in the PC3 cell line compared with the LNCaP. We found the presence of X chromosome polysomy in PC-3 and LNCaP cell lines by FISH assay. In the HUMARA-Q assay, we found two X chromosomes/cell and the activity of both AR in the PC-3 cell line. In LNCaP cells, we found two X chromosomes/cell and methylation of only one AR. CONCLUSION Castration-resistant prostate cancer phenotype represents a significant challenge in the setting of urological management. The X chromosomes and AR-linked alterations may contribute to a better understanding of the disease. However, further studies should be performed in an attempt to elucidate as much as possible the role of AR in the castration-resistant prostate cancer phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Romão
- University of Sao Paulo City, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Medical Investigation Laboratory (LIM55), Urology Department, University of Sao Paulo Medical School (FMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - I Silva
- Medical Investigation Laboratory (LIM55), Urology Department, University of Sao Paulo Medical School (FMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - V R Guimarães
- Medical Investigation Laboratory (LIM55), Urology Department, University of Sao Paulo Medical School (FMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - J Alves de Camargo
- Medical Investigation Laboratory (LIM55), Urology Department, University of Sao Paulo Medical School (FMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - G A Dos Santos
- Medical Investigation Laboratory (LIM55), Urology Department, University of Sao Paulo Medical School (FMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil; D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - N I Viana
- Medical Investigation Laboratory (LIM55), Urology Department, University of Sao Paulo Medical School (FMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - M Srougi
- Medical Investigation Laboratory (LIM55), Urology Department, University of Sao Paulo Medical School (FMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil; D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - K R Moreira Leite
- Medical Investigation Laboratory (LIM55), Urology Department, University of Sao Paulo Medical School (FMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil; Genoa Biotechonology, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - S T Reis
- Medical Investigation Laboratory (LIM55), Urology Department, University of Sao Paulo Medical School (FMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - R Pimenta
- Medical Investigation Laboratory (LIM55), Urology Department, University of Sao Paulo Medical School (FMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil; D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
99825
|
Moran R, Nakamura R, Isovitsch R, Iimoto D. Diaryl triazenes inhibit cytochrome P450 1A1 and 1B1 more strongly than aryl morpholino triazenes. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2022; 59:128570. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.128570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
99826
|
Shamsasenjan K, Timari H, Saleh M. The effect of mesenchymal stem cell-derived microvesicles on differentiation of umbilical cord blood-derived CD34+ cells toward myeloid lineage. GENE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2021.101462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
99827
|
The Missing LNK: Evolution from Cytosis to Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia in a Patient with Multiple Sclerosis and Germline SH2B3 Mutation. Case Rep Genet 2022; 2022:6977041. [PMID: 35281324 PMCID: PMC8904908 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6977041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) is a rare but distinct hematological neoplasm with overlapping features of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN). Individuals with CMML have persistent monocytosis and bone marrow dyspoiesis associated with various constitutional symptoms like fevers, unintentional weight loss, or night sweats. It is established that there is a strong association of CMML with preceding or coexisting autoimmune diseases and systemic inflammatory syndromes affecting around 20% of patients. Various molecular abnormalities like TET2, SRSF2, ASXL1, and RAS are reported in the pathogenesis of CMML, but no such mutations have been described to explain the strong association of autoimmune diseases and severe inflammatory phenotype seen in CMML. Germline mutation in SH2B adaptor protein 3 (SH2B3) had been reported before to affect a family with autoimmune disorders and acute lymphoblastic leukemia. In this report, we describe the first case of a female subject with many years of preceding history of multiple sclerosis before the diagnosis of CMML. We outline the evidence supporting the pathogenic role of SH2B3 p.E395K germline mutation, connecting the dots of association between autoimmune diseases and CMML genesis.
Collapse
|
99828
|
Zhao A, Li F, Wei C, Zhou Z, Luo X, Wu H, Ning C, Liu W, Li D, Lin D, Liu S, Zhang G, Gao J. TNFɑ Antagonist in Combination with PD-1 Blocker to Prevent or Retard Malignant Transformation of B[a]P-induced Chronic Lung Inflammation. Carcinogenesis 2022; 43:445-456. [PMID: 35230387 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgac024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) is a typical complete carcinogen in tobacco, but its mechanism of inducing the development of chronic pneumonia and consequent lung cancer is unclear. Here we elucidated the role of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in developing B[a]P-induced chronic lung inflammation and efficacy of immunotherapy in preventing subsequent malignant transformation. Our study showed that as B[a]P could induce the accumulation of MDSCs in lung tissues and enhance the immunosuppressive effect regulated by cytokines and metabolites, thereby promoting the formation of immunosuppressive microenvironment, where effector T cells were exhausted, NK cells were dysfunctional, regulatory T (Treg) cells were expanded, polarized alveolar macrophages were transformed from M1 to M2. Subsequently, we performed the immunotherapy to block TNFɑ only or both TNFɑ and PD-1 at the early- or middle-stage of B[a]P-induced chronic lung inflammation to ameliorate the immunosuppressive microenvironment. We found that TNFɑ antagonist alone or with PD-1 blocker was shown to exert therapeutic effects on malignant transformation at the early stage of B[a]P-induced chronic lung inflammation. Taken together, our findings demonstrated that B[a]P-induced chronic lung inflammation resulted in the accumulation of MDSCs in lung tissues and exercise their immunosuppressive functions, thereby developing an immunosuppressive microenvironment, thus TNFɑ antagonist alone or with PD-1 blocker could prevent or retard the malignant transformation of B[a]P-induced chronic lung inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ai Zhao
- Department of Hematology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University; Foshan, Guangdong, China.,Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University; Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fanfan Li
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University; Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Hematology, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University; Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cheng Wei
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University; Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhujun Zhou
- Medical laboratory, Tianmen First People's Hospital; Tianmen, Hubei, China
| | - Xianqiang Luo
- Medical laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University; Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Haiming Wu
- Medical laboratory, Xiamen Children's Hospital; Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Chunhong Ning
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University; Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wanyu Liu
- Medical laboratory, Zhumadian Central Hospital; Zhumadian, Henan, China
| | - Dong Li
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University; Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Danni Lin
- Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA, United States
| | - Shuwen Liu
- Department of Hematology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University; Foshan, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University; Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guangji Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University; Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jimin Gao
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University; Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Zhejiang Qixin Biotech; Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
99829
|
Weidle UH, Nopora A. MicroRNAs and Corresponding Targets in Esophageal Cancer as Shown In Vitro and In Vivo in Preclinical Models. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2022; 19:113-129. [PMID: 35181582 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus is associated with a dismal prognosis. Therefore, identification of new targets and implementation of new treatment modalities are issues of paramount importance. Based on a survey of the literature, we identified microRNAs conferring antitumoral activity in preclinical in vivo experiments. In the category of miRs targeting secreted factors and transmembrane receptors, four miRs were up-regulated and 10 were down-regulated compared with five out of nine in the category transcription factors, and six miRs were down-regulated in the category enzymes, including metabolic enzymes. The down-regulated miRs have targets which can be inhibited by small molecules or antibody-related entities, or re-expressed by reconstitution therapy. Up-regulated miRs have targets which can be reconstituted with small molecules or inhibited with antagomirs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich H Weidle
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Adam Nopora
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
99830
|
Genetic profiling and biomarkers in peripheral T-cell lymphomas: current role in the diagnostic work-up. Mod Pathol 2022; 35:306-318. [PMID: 34584212 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-021-00937-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral T-cell lymphomas are a heterogeneous, and usually aggressive, group of mature T-cell neoplasms with overlapping clinical, morphologic and immunologic features. A large subset of these neoplasms remains unclassifiable with current diagnostic methods ("not otherwise specified"). Genetic profiling and other molecular tools have emerged as widely applied and transformative technologies for discerning the biology of lymphomas and other hematopoietic neoplasms. Although the application of these technologies to peripheral T-cell lymphomas has lagged behind B-cell lymphomas and other cancers, molecular profiling has provided novel prognostic and diagnostic markers as well as an opportunity to understand the biologic mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of these neoplasms. Some biomarkers are more prevalent in specific T-cell lymphoma subsets and are being used currently in the diagnosis and/or risk stratification of patients with peripheral T-cell lymphomas. Other biomarkers, while promising, need to be validated in larger clinical studies. In this review, we present a summary of our current understanding of the molecular profiles of the major types of peripheral T-cell lymphoma. We particularly focus on the use of biomarkers, including those that can be detected by conventional immunohistochemical studies and those that contribute to the diagnosis, classification, or risk stratification of these neoplasms.
Collapse
|
99831
|
Zheng P, Kasani S, Tan W, Boryczka J, Gao X, Yang F, Wu N. Plasmon-enhanced near-infrared fluorescence detection of traumatic brain injury biomarker glial fibrillary acidic protein in blood plasma. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1203:339721. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.339721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
99832
|
Kahar P, Itomi A, Tsuboi H, Ishizaki M, Yasuda M, Kihira C, Otsuka H, Azmi NB, Matsumoto H, Ogino C, Kondo A. The flocculant Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain gains robustness via alteration of the cell wall hydrophobicity. Metab Eng 2022; 72:82-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
99833
|
Wells J, Bai J, Tsementzi D, Jhaney CI, Foster A, Watkins Bruner D, Gillespie T, Li Y, Hu YJ. Exploring the Anal Microbiome in HIV Positive and High-Risk HIV Negative Women. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2022; 38:228-236. [PMID: 35044233 PMCID: PMC8968844 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2020.0245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This exploratory study sought to characterize the anal microbiome and explore associations among the anal microbiome, risk factors for anal cancer, and clinical factors. A pilot sample of 50 HIV infected and high-risk HIV negative women were recruited from the former Women's Interagency HIV Study. Microbiome characterization by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and datasets were analyzed using QIIME 2™. Composition of the anal microbiome and its associations with anal cancer risk factors and clinical factors were analyzed using linear decomposition model and permutational multivariate analysis of variance. Composition of the anal microbiome among HIV positive and high-risk negative women was dominated by Bacteroides, Prevotella, and Campylobacter. The overall taxonomic composition and microbial diversity of the anal microbiome did not significantly differ by HIV status. However, the abundance of Ruminococcus 1 belonging to the Rumincoccaceae family was associated with HIV status (q = .05). No anal cancer risk factors were associated with the anal microbiome composition. Clinical factors marginally associated with the anal microbiome composition included body mass index (BMI; p = .05) and hepatitis C virus (HCV; p = .05). Although HIV and risk factors for anal cancer were not associated with the composition of the anal microbiome in this pilot sample, other clinical factors such as BMI and HCV, may be worth further investigation in a larger study. Future research can build on these findings to explore the role of the microbiome and HIV comorbidities in women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Wells
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Address correspondence to: Jessica Wells, Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, 1520 Clifton Road NE, Room 230, Atlanta, GA 30322-1007, USA
| | - Jinbing Bai
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Despina Tsementzi
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Camber Ileen Jhaney
- Department of Surgery and Department of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Antonina Foster
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Deborah Watkins Bruner
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Department of Surgery and Department of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Theresa Gillespie
- Department of Surgery and Department of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Yunxiao Li
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Yi-Juan Hu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
99834
|
Kryklyva V, Brosens LAA, Marijnissen‐van Zanten MAJ, Ligtenberg MJL, Nagtegaal ID. Mismatch repair deficiency in early‐onset duodenal, ampullary, and pancreatic carcinomas is a strong indicator for a hereditary defect. J Pathol Clin Res 2022; 8:181-190. [PMID: 34873870 PMCID: PMC8822371 DOI: 10.1002/cjp2.252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR) is a hallmark of Lynch syndrome (LS), but its prevalence in early‐onset (diagnosed under the age of 50 years) duodenal, ampullary, and pancreatic carcinomas (DC, AC, and PC, respectively) is largely unknown. We explored the prevalence of dMMR and the underlying molecular mechanisms in a retrospectively collected cohort of 90 early‐onset carcinomas of duodenal, ampullary, and pancreatic origin. dMMR was most prevalent in early‐onset DCs (47.8%); more than half of those were associated with hereditary cancer syndromes (LS or constitutional mismatch repair deficiency syndrome). All dMMR AC and PC were due to LS. Concordance of dMMR with underlying hereditary condition warrants ubiquitous dMMR testing in all early‐onset DC, AC, and PC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentyna Kryklyva
- Department of Pathology Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Lodewijk AA Brosens
- Department of Pathology Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Monica AJ Marijnissen‐van Zanten
- Department of Pathology Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Marjolijn JL Ligtenberg
- Department of Pathology Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen The Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Iris D Nagtegaal
- Department of Pathology Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
99835
|
van Dijk AD, Hoff FW, Qiu Y, Gerbing RB, Gamis AS, Aplenc R, Kolb EA, Alonzo TA, Meshinchi S, Jenkins G, de Bont ESJM, Kornblau SM, Horton TM. Bortezomib is significantly beneficial for de novo pediatric AML patients with low phosphorylation of the NF-κB subunit RelA. Proteomics Clin Appl 2022; 16:e2100072. [PMID: 34719869 PMCID: PMC9041833 DOI: 10.1002/prca.202100072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The addition of the proteasome inhibitor (PI) bortezomib to standard chemotherapy (ADE: cytarabine [Ara-C], daunorubicin, and etoposide) did not improve overall outcome of pediatric AML patients in the Children's Oncology Group AAML1031 phase 3 randomized clinical trial (AAML1031) . Bortezomib prevents protein degradation, including RelA via the intracellular NF-kB pathway. In this study, we hypothesized that subgroups of pediatric AML patients benefitting from standard therapy plus bortezomib (ADEB) could be identified based on pre-treatment RelA expression and phosphorylation status. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN RelA-total and phosphorylation at serine 536 (RelA-pSer536 ) were measured in 483 patient samples using reverse phase protein array technology. RESULTS In ADEB-treated patients, low-RelA-pSer536 was favorably prognostic when compared to high-RelA-pSer536 (3-yr overall survival (OS): 81% vs. 68%, p = 0.032; relapse risk (RR): 30% vs. 49%, p = 0.004). Among low-RelA-pSer536 patients, RR significantly decreased with ADEB compared to ADE (RR: 30% vs. 44%, p = 0.035). Correlation between RelA-pSer536 and 295 other assayed proteins identified a strong correlation with HSF1-pSer326 , another protein previously identified as modifying ADEB response. The combination of low-RelA-pSer536 and low-HSF1-pSer326 was a significant predictor of ADEB response (3-yr OS: 86% vs. 67%, p = 0.013). CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Bortezomib may improve clinical outcome in a subgroup of AML patients identified by low-RelA-pSer536 and low-HSF1-pSer326 .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anneke D. van Dijk
- Divison of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Fieke W. Hoff
- Divison of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands,Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Yihua Qiu
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | - Alan S. Gamis
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Children’s Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, Kansas City, MO
| | - Richard Aplenc
- Division of Pediatric Oncology/Stem Cell Transplant, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - E. Anders Kolb
- Nemours Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Alfred I. DuPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE
| | - Todd A. Alonzo
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, CA
| | - Soheil Meshinchi
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Gaye Jenkins
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine/Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center and Texas Children’s Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Eveline S. J. M. de Bont
- Divison of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Steven M. Kornblau
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Terzah M. Horton
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine/Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center and Texas Children’s Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
99836
|
Oroxylin A inhibits the migration of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by inducing NAG-1 expression. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:724-734. [PMID: 34117368 PMCID: PMC8888648 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00695-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most prevalent liver cancer, is considered one of the most lethal malignancies with a dismal outcome mainly due to frequent intrahepatic and distant metastasis. In the present study, we demonstrated that oroxylin A, a natural product extracted from Scutellaria radix, significantly inhibits transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1)-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastasis in HCC. Oroxylin A blocked the TGF-β1/Smad signaling via upregulating the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-activated gene-1 (NAG-1) expression. Oroxylin A promoted NAG-1 transcription by regulating the acetylation of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β (C/EBPβ), a transcription factor that binds to the NAG-1 promoter. In terms of the underlying mechanism, oroxylin A may interact with histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) by forming hydrogen bonds with GLY149 residue and induce proteasome-mediated degradation of HDAC1 subsequently impairing HDAC1-mediated deacetylation of C/EBPβ and promoting the expression of NAG-1. Taken together, our findings revealed a previously unknown tumor-suppressive mechanism of oroxylin A. Oroxylin A should be further investigated as a potential clinical candidate for inhibiting HCC metastasis.
Collapse
|
99837
|
Wang J, Zhang H, Shao P, Zhang X, Zhou B. Bioinformatic Analysis of Prognostic Value of Pyroptosis-Related Genes and Its Effect on Immune Cell Infiltration in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:2311-2319. [PMID: 35256857 PMCID: PMC8898045 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s350959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Pancreatic adenocarcinoma has a poor prognosis and chemotherapy has its limitation due to tumor heterogeneity. It is essential to find novel targets involving in tumorigenesis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Growing evidences indicated that pyroptosis is involved in tumorigenesis of many cancers, but the relationship between pyroptosis and pancreatic adenocarcinoma still remains to be elucidated. Our object is to explore whether pyroptosis-related different expression genes have association with survivals of pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients and the mechanism they may participate in. Besides, we also analyzed their effect on immune cell infiltration in tumor microenvironment. Patients and Methods We used the bioinformatic analysis tool including GEPIA, cBioPortal, STRING, GeneMANIA, R software 4.03 and TIMER2.0 to investigate the different expression, prognostic value, protein-protein interaction, gene ontology, pathway and effect of immune cell infiltration of pyroptosis-related genes in PAAD. Results Many pyroptosis-related genes express differently between pancreatic adenocarcinoma and normal tissues and they are associated with survival of PAAD. GABARAP and IL18 may play a key role in tumorigenesis of PAAD, for they are connected with overall survival, disease free survival and pathological stages at the same time. The function of pyroptosis-related genes includes cytokine production, endopeptidase activity, regulation of inflammation and inflammasome complex and pyroptosis-related genes have effect on immune cells infiltration in PAAD microenvironment. Conclusion Lots of pyroptosis-related DEGs may get involved in pathogenesis of PAAD and their high expression have an effect on survival. GABARAP and IL18 could be valuable research targets of PAAD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng Shao
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Xu Zhang; Bin Zhou, Tel/Fax +86-25-83284735, Email ;
| | - Bin Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
99838
|
Lu LL, Zhang Q, Gu Y, Li XL, Xie JJ. Core-shell “loading-type” nanomaterials towards: Simultaneous imaging analysis of glutathione and microRNA. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1196:339551. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.339551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
99839
|
Alvarado CE, Kapcio KC, Lada MJ, Linden PA, Towe CW, Worrell SG. The effect of diabetes on pathologic complete response among patients with esophageal cancer. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2022; 35:429-436. [DOI: 10.1053/j.semtcvs.2021.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
99840
|
Drug combination study of novel oxorhenium(V) complexes. J Inorg Biochem 2022; 231:111807. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2022.111807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
99841
|
Wong TY, Menaga S, Huang CYF, Ho SHA, Gan SC, Lim YM. 2-Methoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (MNQ) regulates cancer key genes of MAPK, PI3K, and NF-κB pathways in Raji cells. Genomics Inform 2022; 20:e7. [PMID: 35399006 PMCID: PMC9001993 DOI: 10.5808/gi.21041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
2-Methoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (MNQ) has been shown to cause cytotoxic towards various cancer cell lines. This study is designed to investigate the regulatory effect of MNQ on the key cancer genes in mitogen-activated protein kinase, phosphoinositide 3-kinase, and nuclear factor кB signaling pathways. The expression levels of the genes were compared at different time point using polymerase chain reaction arrays and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis was performed to identify gene networks that are most significant to key cancer genes. A total of 43 differentially expressed genes were identified with 21 up-regulated and 22 down-regulated genes. Up-regulated genes were involved in apoptosis, cell cycle and act as tumor suppressor while down-regulated genes were involved in anti-apoptosis, angiogenesis, cell cycle and act as transcription factor as well as proto-oncogenes. MNQ exhibited multiple regulatory effects on the cancer key genes that targeting at cell proliferation, cell differentiation, cell transformation, apoptosis, reduce inflammatory responses, inhibits angiogenesis and metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teck Yew Wong
- Centre for Cancer Research, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Subramaniam Menaga
- Centre for Cancer Research, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chi-Ying F Huang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Siong Hock Anthony Ho
- School of Biosciences, Taylor's University, Lakeside Campus 1, 47500 Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Seng Chiew Gan
- Department of Pre-Clinical Sciences Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 43000 Kajang, Malaysia
| | - Yang Mooi Lim
- Centre for Cancer Research, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Pre-Clinical Sciences Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 43000 Kajang, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
99842
|
Haitani T, Kobayashi M, Koyasu S, Akamatsu S, Suwa T, Onodera Y, Nam JM, Nguyen PTL, Menju T, Date H, Ogawa O, Harada H. Proteolysis of a histone acetyl reader, ATAD2, induces chemoresistance of cancer cells under severe hypoxia by inhibiting cell cycle progression in S phase. Cancer Lett 2022; 528:76-84. [PMID: 34973392 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells acquire chemoresistance in hypoxic regions of solid tumors, which is suggested to be at least partly due to reduction of their proliferative activity. However, molecular mechanisms behind it have not been fully elucidated. Here, we revealed the importance of active proteolysis of a histone acetylation reader, ATPase family AAA domain containing 2 (ATAD2), under hypoxia. We found that inactivation of an O2/Fe2+/α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase triggered ATAD2 proteolysis by the proteasome system upon severe hypoxia in a hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs)-independent manner. Consistently, ATAD2 expression levels were markedly lower in perinecrotic hypoxic regions in both xenografted and clinical tumor tissues. The ATAD2 proteolysis was accompanied by a decrease in the amount of acetylated histone H3 lysine 27 and inhibited cell cycle progression from the early to late S phase under severe hypoxia. The retardation of S phase progression induced chemoresistance, which was blocked by overexpression of ATAD2. Together, these results indicate that ATAD2 proteolysis upon severe hypoxia induces chemoresistance of cancer cells through heterochromatinization and the subsequent retardation of S phase progression; therefore, inhibition of ATAD2 proteolysis is expected to be a strategy to overcome chemoresistance of hypoxic tumor cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takao Haitani
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan; Department of Genome Dynamics, Radiation Biology Center, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan; Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Minoru Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan; Department of Genome Dynamics, Radiation Biology Center, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Sho Koyasu
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan; Department of Genome Dynamics, Radiation Biology Center, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan; Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8904, Japan
| | - Shusuke Akamatsu
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Suwa
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan; Department of Genome Dynamics, Radiation Biology Center, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan; Department of Radiation Oncology and Image-applied Therapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Onodera
- Global Center for Biomedical Science and Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Jin-Min Nam
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan; Department of Genome Dynamics, Radiation Biology Center, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Phuong Thi Lien Nguyen
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan; Department of Genome Dynamics, Radiation Biology Center, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Toshi Menju
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Date
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Osamu Ogawa
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Harada
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan; Department of Genome Dynamics, Radiation Biology Center, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
99843
|
Timilsina M, Kernan DPM, Yang H, d'Aquin M. Synergy Between Embedding and Protein Functional Association Networks for Drug Label Prediction Using Harmonic Function. IEEE/ACM TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY AND BIOINFORMATICS 2022; 19:1203-1213. [PMID: 33064647 DOI: 10.1109/tcbb.2020.3031696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Semi-Supervised Learning (SSL)is an approach to machine learning that makes use of unlabeled data for training with a small amount of labeled data. In the context of molecular biology and pharmacology, one can take advantage of unlabeled data. For instance, to identify drugs and targets where a few genes are known to be associated with a specific target for drugs and considered as labeled data. Labeling the genes requires laboratory verification and validation. This process is usually very time consuming and expensive. Thus, it is useful to estimate the functional role of drugs from unlabeled data using computational methods. To develop such a model, we used openly available data resources to create (i)drugs and genes, (ii)genes and disease, bipartite graphs. We constructed the genetic embedding graph from the two bipartite graphs using Tensor Factorization methods. We integrated the genetic embedding graph with the publicly available protein functional association network. Our results show the usefulness of the integration by effectively predicting drug labels.
Collapse
|
99844
|
Wu Z, Wan J, Wang J, Meng X, Qian H. Identification of prognostic biomarkers for breast cancer brain metastases based on the bioinformatics analysis. Biochem Biophys Rep 2022; 29:101203. [PMID: 35059509 PMCID: PMC8760394 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2022.101203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The prognosis of breast cancer (BC) patients who develop into brain metastases (BMs) is very poor. Thus, it is of great significance to explore the etiology of BMs in BC and identify the key genes involved in this process to improve the survival of BC patients with BMs. Patients and methods The gene expression data and the clinical information of BC patients were downloaded from TCGA and GEO database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in TCGA-BRCA and GSE12276 were overlapped to find differentially expressed metastatic genes (DEMGs). The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of DEMGs was constructed via STRING database. ClusterProfiler R package was applied to perform the gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis of DEMGs. The univariate Cox regression analysis and the Kaplan-Meier (K-M) curves were plotted to screen DEMGs associated with the overall survival and the metastatic recurrence survival, which were identified as the key genes associated with the BMs in BC. The immune infiltration and the expressions of immune checkpoints for BC patients with brain relapses and BC patients with other relapses were analyzed respectively. The correlations among the expressions of key genes and the differently infiltrated immune cells or the differentially expressed immune checkpoints were calculated. The gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) of each key gene was conducted to investigate the potential mechanisms of key genes involved in BC patients with BMs. Moreover, CTD database was used to predict the drug-gene interaction network of key genes. Results A total of 154 DEGs were identified in BC patients at M0 and M1 in TCGA database. A total of 667 DEGs were identified in BC patients with brain relapses and with other relapses. By overlapping these DEGs, 17 DEMGs were identified, which were enriched in the cell proliferation related biological processes and the immune related molecular functions. The univariate Cox regression analysis and the Kaplan-Meier curves revealed that CXCL9 and GPR171 were closely associated with the overall survival and the metastatic recurrence survival and were identified as key genes associated with BMs in BC. The analyses of immune infiltration and immune checkpoint expressions showed that there was a significant difference of the immune microenvironment between brain relapses and other relapses in BC. GSEA indicated that CXCL9 and GPR171 may regulate BMs in BC via the immune-related pathways. Conclusion Our study identified the key genes associated with BMs in BC patients and explore the underlying mechanisms involved in the etiology of BMs in BC. These findings may provide a promising approach for the treatments of BC patients with BMs. CXCL9 and GPR171, as the key genes, were closely associated with the prognosis of brain metastases in breast cancer. There was a significant difference of the immune microenvironment between brain and other metastases in breast cancer. We revealed candidate drugs which associated with the key genes of breast cancer patients with brain metastases. A series of bioinformatic analysis methods were used in this article.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jinghai Wan
- Corresponding author. National Cancer Center/ National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/ Cancer Hospital, Neurosurgery, Panjiayuan 17#, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
99845
|
Lu D, Yang T, Tang N, Li C, Song Y, Wang L, Wong WY, Yin SF, Xing Y, Kambe N, Qiu R. A pH-Dependent rhodamine fluorophore with antiproliferative activity of bladder cancer in Vitro/Vivo and apoptosis mechanism. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 236:114293. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
|
99846
|
Sajid A, Saeed MS, Malik RM, Fazal S, Malik S, Kamal MA. Prediction of Secondary and Tertiary Structure and Docking of Rb1WT
And Rb1R661W Proteins. CURRENT BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/2211550111666220127100203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Retinoblastoma, a malignancy occurring in the juvenile cells of the retina,
is responsible for light detection. It is one of the most emerging ra re childhood and infant cancer.
It is initiated by the mutation in Rb1, a first tumor suppressor gene located on chromosome 13q14.
Rb1 protein is responsible for cell cycle regulation.
Methods:
In our study, secondary and 3D-Structural predictions of Rb1WT and Rb1R661W were made
by comparative or homology modeling to find any structural change leading to the disruption in its
further interactions. Quality assurance of the structures was done by Ramachandran Plot for a stable
structure. Both the proteins were then applied by docking process with proteins of interest.
Results:
Secondary structure showed a number of mutations in helixes, β-Hairpins of Rb1R661W. The
major change was the loss of β-Hairpin loop, extension and shortening of helixes. 3D comparison
structure showed a change in the groove of Rb1R661W. Docking results, unlike RB1 WT, had different
and no interactions with some of the proteins of interest. This mutation in Rb1 protein had a deleterious
effect on the protein functionality.
Conclusion:
This study will help to design the appropriate therapy and also understand the mechanism
of disease of retinoblastoma, for researchers and pharmaceuticals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aimen Sajid
- Capital University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Rabbiah Manzoor Malik
- Capital University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Wah Medical College, Wah Cantt, Pakistan
| | - Sahar Fazal
- Capital University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shaukat Malik
- Capital University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Amjad Kamal
- West China School of Nursing / Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
- King Fahd Medical Research
Center, King Abdulaziz University, P. O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Enzymoics, 7 Peterlee
Place, Hebersham, NSW 2770; Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
99847
|
Anhê FF, Zlitni S, Barra NG, Foley KP, Nilsson MI, Nederveen JP, Koch LG, Britton SL, Tarnopolsky MA, Schertzer JD. Life-long exercise training and inherited aerobic endurance capacity produce converging gut microbiome signatures in rodents. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15215. [PMID: 35246957 PMCID: PMC8897742 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
High aerobic endurance capacity can be acquired by training and/or inherited. Aerobic exercise training (AET) and aging are linked to altered gut microbiome composition, but it is unknown if the environmental stress of exercise and host genetics that predispose for higher exercise capacity have similar effects on the gut microbiome during aging. We hypothesized that exercise training and host genetics would have conserved effects on the gut microbiome across different rodents. We studied young sedentary (Y-SED, 2-month-old) mice, old sedentary (O-SED, 26-month-old) mice, old mice with life-long AET (O-AET, 26-month-old), and aged rats selectively bred for high (HCR [High Capacity Runner], 21-month-old) and low (LCR [Low Capacity Runner], 21-month-old) aerobic capacity. Our results showed that O-SED mice had lower running capacity than Y-SED mice. The fecal microbiota of O-SED mice had a higher relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae, Turicibacteriaceae, and Allobaculum, but lower Bacteroidales, Alistipes, Akkermansia, and Anaeroplasma. O-AET mice had a higher running capacity than O-SED mice. O-AET mice had lower fecal levels of Lachnospiraceae, Turicibacteriaceae, and Allobaculum and higher Anaeroplasma than O-SED mice. Similar to O-AET mice, but despite no exercise training regime, aged HCR rats had lower Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae and expansion of certain Bacteroidales in the fecal microbiome compared to LCR rats. Our data show that environmental and genetic modifiers of high aerobic endurance capacity produce convergent gut microbiome signatures across different rodent species during aging. Therefore, we conclude that host genetics and life-long exercise influence the composition of the gut microbiome and can mitigate gut dysbiosis and functional decline during aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando F. Anhê
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical SciencesMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research InstituteMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes ResearchMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada
| | - Soumaya Zlitni
- Departments of Genetics and MedicineStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Nicole G. Barra
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical SciencesMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research InstituteMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes ResearchMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada
| | - Kevin P. Foley
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical SciencesMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research InstituteMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes ResearchMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada
| | - Mats I. Nilsson
- Department of PediatricsMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada
| | | | - Lauren G. Koch
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyThe University of ToledoCollege of Medicine and Life SciencesToledoOhioUSA
| | - Steven L. Britton
- Department of AnesthesiologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUnited States
| | - Mark A. Tarnopolsky
- Department of PediatricsMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada
- Department of MedicineMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada
| | - Jonathan D. Schertzer
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical SciencesMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research InstituteMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes ResearchMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada
| |
Collapse
|
99848
|
Wang L, Desai H, Verma SS, Le A, Hausler R, Verma A, Judy R, Doucette A, Gabriel PE, Nathanson KL, Damrauer SM, Mowery DL, Ritchie MD, Kember RL, Maxwell KN. Performance of polygenic risk scores for cancer prediction in a racially diverse academic biobank. Genet Med 2022; 24:601-609. [PMID: 34906489 PMCID: PMC9680700 DOI: 10.1016/j.gim.2021.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Genome-wide association studies have identified hundreds of single nucleotide variations (formerly single nucleotide polymorphisms) associated with several cancers, but the predictive ability of polygenic risk scores (PRSs) is unclear, especially among non-Whites. METHODS PRSs were derived from genome-wide significant single-nucleotide variations for 15 cancers in 20,079 individuals in an academic biobank. We evaluated the improvement in discriminatory accuracy by including cancer-specific PRS in patients of genetically-determined African and European ancestry. RESULTS Among the individuals of European genetic ancestry, PRSs for breast, colon, melanoma, and prostate were significantly associated with their respective cancers. Among the individuals of African genetic ancestry, PRSs for breast, colon, prostate, and thyroid were significantly associated with their respective cancers. The area under the curve of the model consisting of age, sex, and principal components was 0.621 to 0.710, and it increased by 1% to 4% with the inclusion of PRS in individuals of European genetic ancestry. In individuals of African genetic ancestry, area under the curve was overall higher in the model without the PRS (0.723-0.810) but increased by <1% with the inclusion of PRS for most cancers. CONCLUSION PRS moderately increased the ability to discriminate the cancer status in individuals of European but not African ancestry. Further large-scale studies are needed to identify ancestry-specific genetic factors in non-White populations to incorporate PRS into cancer risk assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louise Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Heena Desai
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Shefali S Verma
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Anh Le
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Ryan Hausler
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Anurag Verma
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Renae Judy
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Abigail Doucette
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Peter E Gabriel
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Katherine L Nathanson
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Scott M Damrauer
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Danielle L Mowery
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Marylyn D Ritchie
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Rachel L Kember
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Kara N Maxwell
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Philadelphia, PA.
| |
Collapse
|
99849
|
Tseng JS, Chiang CJ, Chen KC, Zheng ZR, Yang TY, Lee WC, Hsu KH, Huang YH, Liu TW, Hsia JY, Chang GC. Association of Smoking With Patient Characteristics and Outcomes in Small Cell Lung Carcinoma, 2011-2018. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5:e224830. [PMID: 35353165 PMCID: PMC8968543 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.4830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) is uncommon in individuals who have never smoked (never-smokers). The related epidemiologic factors and prognosis remain unclear. OBJECTIVE To assess the epidemiologic factors, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of SCLC in never-smokers. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from the national Taiwan Cancer Registry, which was inaugurated in 1979 and maintains standardized records of patients' characteristics and clinical information for all individuals with cancer. Patients with cytologically or pathologically proven lung cancer were included for analysis. The study obtained data on patients from January 1, 1996, to December 31, 2018; data analysis was conducted from January 1, 1996, to December 31, 2019. EXPOSURES Clinical characteristics and outcomes of smokers and never-smokers with SCLC. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Clinical characteristics for comparison included age at diagnosis, sex, performance status, tumor stage, and treatment. The main outcome parameter was overall survival of patients with SCLC from 2011 to 2018. RESULTS From 1996 to 2018, a total of 225 788 patients had diagnosed lung cancer; 141 654 patients (62.7%) were men; mean (SD) age was 67.55 (12.58) years. The numbers of both patients with newly diagnosed lung cancer and those with SCLC increased until 2009 by 111.5% for lung cancer and 118.5% for SCLC. Thereafter, lung cancer cases grew in number, but SCLC cases did not; hence, the percentage of patients with SCLC decreased from 9.3% in 2009 to 6.3% in 2018. From 2011 to 2018, the percentage of never-smokers increased significantly among all patients with lung cancers (from 49.9% in 2011 to 60.2% in 2018) and among those with lung adenocarcinomas (from 64.1% in 2011 to 70.9% in 2018) (both P < .001). However, the percentage of never-smokers appeared to vary little in the SCLC population: 15.5% in 2011 and 16.1% in 2018 (P = .28). The median overall survival was significantly longer in patients with adenocarcinoma vs SCLC (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.31-0.33; P < .001). Compared with smokers with SCLC, never-smokers with SCLC tended to include more older patients (age ≥70 years: 492 [57.3%] vs 2242 [44.8%]), more women (274 [31.9%] vs 322 [6.4%]), more individuals with a poor performance status (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status ≥2: 284 [33.1%] vs 1261 [25.2%]) and stage IV cancer (660 [76.9%] vs 3590 [71.8%]), and more patients without treatment (203 [23.7%] vs 626 [12.5%]). Furthermore, never-smokers, particularly men, experienced a shorter survival rate (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.00-1.20; P = .04) compared with the other groups. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The findings of this cohort study suggest that the decrease in the percentage of patients with SCLC was associated with increased lung cancers of other histologic types, with no substantial decrease in the number of those with SCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeng-Sen Tseng
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ju Chiang
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Taiwan Cancer Registry, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Chieh Chen
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Zhe-Rong Zheng
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Ying Yang
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chung Lee
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Taiwan Cancer Registry, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Hsuan Hsu
- Division of Critical Care and Respiratory Therapy, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hsiang Huang
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsang-Wu Liu
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Jiun-Yi Hsia
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Gee-Chen Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
99850
|
Schwendicke F, Mertens S, Cantu AG, Chaurasia A, Meyer-Lueckel H, Krois J. Cost-effectiveness of AI for Caries Detection: Randomized Trial. J Dent 2022; 119:104080. [PMID: 35245626 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2022.104080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We assessed the cost-effectiveness of AI-supported detection of proximal caries in a randomized controlled clustered cross-over superiority trial. METHODS Twenty-three dentists were sampled to assess 20 bitewings; 10 were randomly evaluated supported by an AI-based software (dentalXrai Pro 1.0.4, dentalXrai Ltd, Berlin, Germany) and the other 10 without AI support. The reference test had been established by four independent experts and an additional review. We evaluated the proportion of true and false positive and negative detections and the treatment decisions assigned to each detection (non-invasive, micro-invasive, invasive). Cost-effectiveness was assessed using a mixed public-private-payer perspective in German healthcare. Using the accuracy and treatment decision data from the trial, a Markov simulation model was populated and posterior permanent teeth in initially 31-years old individuals followed over their lifetime. The model allowed extrapolation from the initial detection and therapy to treatment success, re-treatments and, eventually, tooth loss and replacement, capturing long-term effectiveness (tooth retention) and costs (cumulative in Euro). Costs were estimated using the German public and private fee catalogues. Monte-Carlo microsimulations were used and incremental cost-effectiveness at different willingness-to-pay ceiling thresholds assessed. RESULTS In the trial, AI-supported detection was significantly more sensitive than detection without AI. However, in the AI group, lesions were more often treated invasively. As a result, AI and no AI showed identical effectiveness (tooth retention for a mean (2.5-97.5%) 49 (48-51)) and nearly identical costs (AI: 330 (250-409) Euro, no AI: 330 (248-410) Euro). 41% simulations found AI and 43% no AI to be more cost-effective. The resulting cost-effectiveness remained uncertain regardless of a payer's willingness-to-pay. CONCLUSIONS Higher accuracy of AI did not lead to higher cost-effectiveness, as more invasive treatment approaches generated costs and diminished possible effectiveness advantages. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The cost-effectiveness of AI could be improved by supporting not only caries detection, but also subsequent management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Falk Schwendicke
- Department of Oral Diagnostics, Digital Health and Health Services Research, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany.
| | - Sarah Mertens
- Department of Oral Diagnostics, Digital Health and Health Services Research, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Anselmo Garcia Cantu
- Department of Oral Diagnostics, Digital Health and Health Services Research, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Joachim Krois
- Department of Oral Diagnostics, Digital Health and Health Services Research, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|