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Watanuki S, Akama H. Neural Substrates of Brand Love: An Activation Likelihood Estimation Meta-Analysis of Functional Neuroimaging Studies. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:534671. [PMID: 33100955 PMCID: PMC7546895 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.534671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Brand love is a critical concept for building a relationship between brands and consumers because falling in love with a brand can lead to strong brand loyalty. Despite the importance of marketing strategies, however, the underlying neural mechanisms of brand love remain unclear. The present study used an activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis method to investigate the neural correlates of brand love and compared it with those of maternal and romantic love. In total, 47 experiments investigating brand, maternal, and romantic love were examined, and the neural systems involved for the three loves were compared and contrasted. Results revealed that the putamen and insula were commonly activated in the three loves. Moreover, activated brain regions in brand love were detected in the dorsal striatum. Activated regions for maternal love were detected in the cortical area and globus pallidus and were associated with pair bonds, empathy, and altruism. Finally, those for romantic love were detected in the hedonic, strong passionate, and intimate-related regions, such as the nucleus accumbens and ventral tegmental area. Thus, the common regions of brain activation between brand and romantic love were in the dorsal striatum. Meanwhile, no common activated regions were observed between brand and maternal love except for the regions shared among the three love types. Although brand love shared little with the two interpersonal (maternal and romantic) loves and relatively resembled aspects of romantic rather than maternal love, our results demonstrated that brand love may have intrinsically different dispositions from the two interpersonal loves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Watanuki
- Department of Marketing, Faculty of Commerce, University of Marketing and Distribution Sciences, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Akama
- Institute of Liberal Arts/School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
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Han S, Cui Q, Wang X, Li L, Li D, He Z, Guo X, Fan Y, Guo J, Sheng W, Lu F, Chen H. Resting state functional network switching rate is differently altered in bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder. Hum Brain Mapp 2020; 41:3295-3304. [PMID: 32400932 PMCID: PMC7375077 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical misdiagnosis ratio of bipolar disorder (BD) patients to major depressive disorder (MDD) patients is high. Recent findings hypothesize that the ability to flexibly recruit functional neural networks is differently altered in BD and MDD patients. This study aimed to explore distinct aberrance of network flexibility during dynamic networks configuration in BD and MDD patients. Resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging of 40 BD patients, 61 MDD patients, and 61 matched healthy controls were recruited. Dynamic functional connectivity matrices for each subject were constructed with a sliding window method. Then, network switching rate of each node was calculated and compared among the three groups. BD and MDD patients shared decreased network switching rate of regions including left precuneus, bilateral parahippocampal gyrus, and bilateral dorsal medial prefrontal cortex. Apart from these regions, MDD patients presented specially decreased network switching rate in the bilateral anterior insula, left amygdala, and left striatum. Taken together, BD and MDD patients shared decreased network switching rate of key hubs in default mode network and MDD patients presented specially decreased switching rate in salience network and striatum. We found shared and distinct aberrance of network flexibility which revealed altered adaptive functions during dynamic networks configuration of BD and MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoqiang Han
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
| | - Qian Cui
- MOE Key Lab for NeuroinformationHigh‐Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
- School of Public Affairs and Administration, University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
| | - Xiao Wang
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
| | - Liang Li
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
| | - Di Li
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
| | - Zongling He
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
| | - Xiaonan Guo
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
| | - Yun‐Shuang Fan
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
| | - Jing Guo
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
| | - Wei Sheng
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
| | - Fengmei Lu
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
| | - Huafu Chen
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
- MOE Key Lab for NeuroinformationHigh‐Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
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Zhang X, Luo Q, Wang S, Qiu L, Pan N, Kuang W, Lui S, Huang X, Yang X, Kemp GJ, Gong Q. Dissociations in cortical thickness and surface area in non-comorbid never-treated patients with social anxiety disorder. EBioMedicine 2020; 58:102910. [PMID: 32739867 PMCID: PMC7393569 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormalities of functional activation and cortical volume in brain regions involved in the neurobiology of fear and anxiety have been implicated in the pathophysiology of social anxiety disorder (SAD). However, few studies have performed separate measurements of cortical thickness (CT) and cortical surface area (CSA) which reflect different neurobiological processes. Thus, we aimed to explore the cortical morphological anomaly separately in SAD using FreeSurfer. METHODS High-resolution structural magnetic resonance images were obtained from 32 non-comorbid never-treated adult SAD patients and 32 demography-matched healthy controls. Cortical morphometry indices including CT and CSA were separately determined by FreeSurfer and compared between the two groups via whole-brain vertex-wise analysis, while partial correlation analysis using age and gender as covariates were conducted. FINDINGS The patients with SAD showed decreased CT but increased CSA near-symmetrically in the bilateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) of the dorsolateral, dorsomedial, and ventromedial subdivisions, as well as the right lateral orbitofrontal cortex; increased CSA in the left superior temporal gyrus (STG) was also observed in SAD. The CSA in the left PFC was negatively correlated with the disease duration. INTERPRETATION As the balloon model hypothesis suggests that the tangentially stretched cortex may cause dissociations in cortical morphometry and affect the cortical capacity for information processing, our findings of dissociated morphological alterations in the PFC and cortical expansion in the STG may reflect the morphological alterations of the functional reorganization in those regions, and highlight the important role of those structures in the pathophysiology and neurobiology of SAD. FUNDING This study was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 31700964, 31800963, 81621003, and 81820108018).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Zhang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China; Psychoradiology Research Unit of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2018RU011), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qiang Luo
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China; Psychoradiology Research Unit of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2018RU011), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Song Wang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China; Psychoradiology Research Unit of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2018RU011), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lihua Qiu
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China; Psychoradiology Research Unit of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2018RU011), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Department of Radiology, The Second People's Hospital of Yibin, Yibin 644000, China
| | - Nanfang Pan
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China; Psychoradiology Research Unit of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2018RU011), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Weihong Kuang
- Department of Psychiatry, State Key Lab of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR, China
| | - Su Lui
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China; Psychoradiology Research Unit of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2018RU011), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaoqi Huang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China; Psychoradiology Research Unit of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2018RU011), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xun Yang
- School of Public Affairs, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
| | - Graham J Kemp
- Liverpool Magnetic Resonance Imaging Centre (LiMRIC) and Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China; Psychoradiology Research Unit of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2018RU011), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Department of Psychology, School of Public Administration, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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54
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Kogler L, Müller VI, Werminghausen E, Eickhoff SB, Derntl B. Do I feel or do I know? Neuroimaging meta-analyses on the multiple facets of empathy. Cortex 2020; 129:341-355. [PMID: 32562973 PMCID: PMC7390692 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2020.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Empathy is a multidimensional construct including affective and cognitive components while maintaining the distinction between one-self and others. Our meta-analyses focused on shared and distinct networks underlying cognitive (taking somebody else's perspective in emotional/painful situations) and affective (self-referentially feeling somebody else's emotions/pain) empathy for various states including painful and emotional situations. Furthermore, a comparison with direct pain experience was carried out. For cognitive empathy, consistent activation in the anterior dorsal medial frontal gyrus (dmPFG) and the supramarginal gyrus (SMG) occurred. For affective empathy, convergent activation of the posterior dmPFG and the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) was found. Consistent activation of the anterior insula (AI), the anterior dmPFG and the SMG was observed for empathy for pain, while convergent recruitment of the temporo-parietal junction, precuneus, posterior dmPFG, and the IFG was revealed in the meta-analysis across empathy for emotion experiments. The AI and the dmPFG/mid-cingulate cortex (MCC) showed overlapping as well as distinct neural activation for pain processing and empathy for pain. Taken together, we were able to show difference in the meta-analytic networks across cognitive and affective empathy as well as for pain and empathy processing. Based on the current results, distinct functions along the midline structures of the brain during empathy processing are apparent. Our data are lending further support for a multidimensional concept of empathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Kogler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Veronika I Müller
- Institute of Neuroscience und Medicine, INM-7, Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Elena Werminghausen
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Simon B Eickhoff
- Institute of Neuroscience und Medicine, INM-7, Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Birgit Derntl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Center for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; LEAD Graduate School & Research Network, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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55
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Dobrushina OR, Arina GA, Dobrynina LA, Suslina AD, Solodchik PO, Belopasova AV, Gubanova MV, Sergeeva AN, Kremneva EI, Krotenkova MV. The ability to understand emotions is associated with interoception‐related insular activation and white matter integrity during aging. Psychophysiology 2020; 57:e13537. [DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olga R. Dobrushina
- Third Neurological Department Research Center of Neurology Moscow Russia
| | - Galina A. Arina
- Faculty of Psychology M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University Moscow Russia
| | | | | | | | | | - Mariia V. Gubanova
- Third Neurological Department Research Center of Neurology Moscow Russia
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Salvato G, Richter F, Sedeño L, Bottini G, Paulesu E. Building the bodily self-awareness: Evidence for the convergence between interoceptive and exteroceptive information in a multilevel kernel density analysis study. Hum Brain Mapp 2020; 41:401-418. [PMID: 31609042 PMCID: PMC7268061 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Exteroceptive and interoceptive signals shape and sustain the bodily self-awareness. The existence of a set of brain areas, supporting the integration of information coming from the inside and the outside of the body in building the sense of bodily self-awareness has been postulated, yet the evidence remains limited, a matter of discussion never assessed quantitatively. With the aim of unrevealing where in the brain interoceptive and exteroceptive signals may converge, we performed a meta-analysis on imaging studies of the sense of body ownership, modulated by external visuotactile stimulation, and studies on interoception, which involves the self-awareness for internal bodily sensations. Using a multilevel kernel density analysis, we found that processing of stimuli of the two domains converges primarily in the supramarginal gyrus bilaterally. Furthermore, we found a right-lateralized set of areas, including the precentral and postcentral, and superior temporal gyri. We discuss these results and propose this set of areas as ideal candidates to match multiple body-related signals contributing to the creation of a multidimensional representation of the bodily self.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Salvato
- Department of Brain and Behavioural SciencesUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
- Centre of Cognitive NeuropsychologyASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano, Niguarda HospitalMilanItaly
- NeuroMI, Milan Center for NeuroscienceMilanItaly
| | - Fabian Richter
- Department of PsychologyUniversität zu KölnCologneGermany
| | - Lucas Sedeño
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience (LPEN)Institute of Translational and Cognitive Neuroscience (INCyT), INECO Foundation, Favaloro UniversityBuenos AiresArgentina
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET)Buenos AiresArgentina
| | - Gabriella Bottini
- Department of Brain and Behavioural SciencesUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
- Centre of Cognitive NeuropsychologyASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano, Niguarda HospitalMilanItaly
- NeuroMI, Milan Center for NeuroscienceMilanItaly
| | - Eraldo Paulesu
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of Milano‐BicoccaMilanItaly
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico GaleazziMilanItaly
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57
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Jacquemot AMMC, Park R. The Role of Interoception in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Anorexia Nervosa: A Narrative Review. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:281. [PMID: 32362843 PMCID: PMC7181672 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a psychiatric illness characterized by extreme overvaluation of weight and disturbed eating. Despite having the highest mortality rate of any psychiatric illness, the etiology and neurobiology of AN are poorly understood. A growing body of research has begun to elucidate the role of reward processing, as well as cognitive and limbic networks, in the symptomology of AN. However, these advances have so far failed to contribute therapeutically, suggesting a new understanding may be necessary. A disturbance in the interoceptive system, involved in perceiving and interpreting the physiological condition of the body, has recently been proposed as a central mechanism of pathology in AN, through links to hunger and satiety, risk prediction errors, emotional awareness, and body dysmorphia. This review summarizes the existing literature in order to clarify possible underlying mechanisms and proposes a novel model of the neuro-circuitry of AN. Detailed neuroanatomical studies and new methods for studying interoception may allow further refinement of this model and the development of improved treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rebecca Park
- Medical Sciences Office, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
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58
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Murphy J, Millgate E, Geary H, Catmur C, Bird G. No effect of age on emotion recognition after accounting for cognitive factors and depression. Q J Exp Psychol (Hove) 2019; 72:2690-2704. [DOI: 10.1177/1747021819859514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A decline in emotion recognition ability across the lifespan has been well documented. However, whether age predicts emotion recognition difficulties after accounting for potentially confounding factors which covary with age remains unclear. Although previous research suggested that age-related decline in emotion recognition ability may be partly a consequence of cognitive (fluid intelligence, processing speed) and affective (e.g., depression) factors, recent theories highlight a potential role for alexithymia (difficulty identifying and describing one’s emotions) and interoception (perception of the body’s internal state). This study therefore aimed to examine the recognition of anger and disgust across the adult lifespan in a group of 140 20–90-year-olds to see whether an effect of age would remain after controlling for a number of cognitive and affective factors potentially impacted by age. In addition, using an identity recognition control task, the study aimed to determine whether the factors accounting for the effects of age on emotion discrimination also contribute towards generalised face processing difficulties. Results revealed that discrimination of disgust and anger across the lifespan was predicted by processing speed and fluid intelligence, and negatively by depression. No effect of age was found after these factors were accounted for. Importantly, these effects were specific to emotion discrimination; only crystallised intelligence accounted for unique variance in identity discrimination. Contrary to expectations, although interoception and alexithymia were correlated with emotion discrimination abilities, these factors did not explain unique variance after accounting for other variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Murphy
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Edward Millgate
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Hayley Geary
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Caroline Catmur
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Geoffrey Bird
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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59
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Anterior insular cortex stimulation and its effects on emotion recognition. Brain Struct Funct 2019; 224:2167-2181. [DOI: 10.1007/s00429-019-01895-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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60
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Schultchen D, Zaudig M, Krauseneck T, Berberich G, Pollatos O. Interoceptive deficits in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder in the time course of cognitive-behavioral therapy. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217237. [PMID: 31125377 PMCID: PMC6534313 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Interoception is impaired in different psychiatric disorders and is also associated with emotions. Only one study could show a higher interoceptive accuracy (IAcc) in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Based on the predictive coding system we assume contrary results, indicating a decreased IAcc in patients with OCD. So far, there is no study investigating the effect of cognitive-behavioral therapy on IAcc in patients with OCD. Therefore, we hypothesize that patients with OCD improve their IAcc during the time course of therapy compared to healthy controls. Twenty-six patients with OCD from the Psychosomatic Clinic in Windach were examined in the time course of cognitive-behavioral therapy. They were compared to 26 matched healthy controls. IAcc via the heartbeat perception task as well as questionnaire data (OCD-, depression- and anxiety symptoms) were assessed. Results showed that IAcc, OCD-, depression- and anxiety symptoms were attenuated in patients with OCD. Patients recovered in the time course of therapy regarding OCD-, depression- and anxiety symptoms. Interoceptive deficits did not change in the time course of cognitive-behavioral therapy. We demonstrated that IAcc is affected in patients with OCD and this deficit does not change during the time course of a standardized therapy. Future studies should investigate, whether an inaccuracy in perceiving one's bodily signals constitutes a risk factor for relapse. Further, it could be examined if IAcc can be increased via self- and body focus interventions in patients with OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Schultchen
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | | | | | | | - Olga Pollatos
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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61
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Wang X, Wu Q, Egan L, Gu X, Liu P, Gu H, Yang Y, Luo J, Wu Y, Gao Z, Fan J. Anterior insular cortex plays a critical role in interoceptive attention. eLife 2019; 8:e42265. [PMID: 30985277 PMCID: PMC6488299 DOI: 10.7554/elife.42265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that the anterior insular cortex (AIC) mediates interoceptive attention which refers to attention towards physiological signals arising from the body. However, the necessity of the AIC in this process has not been demonstrated. Using a novel task that directs attention toward breathing rhythm, we assessed the involvement of the AIC in interoceptive attention in healthy participants using functional magnetic resonance imaging and examined the necessity of the AIC in interoceptive attention in patients with AIC lesions. Results showed that interoceptive attention was associated with increased AIC activation, as well as enhanced coupling between the AIC and somatosensory areas along with reduced coupling between the AIC and visual sensory areas. In addition, AIC activation was predictive of individual differences in interoceptive accuracy. Importantly, AIC lesion patients showed disrupted interoceptive discrimination accuracy and sensitivity. These results provide compelling evidence that the AIC plays a critical role in interoceptive attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingchao Wang
- Department of NeurosurgeryBeijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological DiseasesBeijingChina
| | - Qiong Wu
- Beijing Key Lab of Learning and Cognition, School of PsychologyCapital Normal UniversityBeijingChina
- School of Psychological and Cognitive SciencesPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Laura Egan
- Department of Psychology, Queens CollegeThe City University of New YorkNew YorkUnited States
| | - Xiaosi Gu
- Department of PsychiatryIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
- Nash Family Department of NeuroscienceIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
- The Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical CenterThe James J. Peter Veterans Affairs Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Pinan Liu
- Department of NeurosurgeryBeijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological DiseasesBeijingChina
| | - Hong Gu
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, Intramural Research ProgramNational Institute on Drug AbuseBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Yihong Yang
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, Intramural Research ProgramNational Institute on Drug AbuseBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Jing Luo
- Beijing Key Lab of Learning and Cognition, School of PsychologyCapital Normal UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yanhong Wu
- School of Psychological and Cognitive SciencesPeking UniversityBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental HealthPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Zhixian Gao
- Department of NeurosurgeryBeijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological DiseasesBeijingChina
| | - Jin Fan
- Department of Psychology, Queens CollegeThe City University of New YorkNew YorkUnited States
- Department of PsychiatryIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
- Nash Family Department of NeuroscienceIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
- Friedman Brain InstituteIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
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62
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Dissociation between Cerebellar and Cerebral Neural Activities in Humans with Long-Term Bilateral Sensorineural Hearing Loss. Neural Plast 2019; 2019:8354849. [PMID: 31049056 PMCID: PMC6458952 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8354849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal neural activity in the cerebellum has been implicated in hearing impairments, but the effects of long-term hearing loss on cerebellar function are poorly understood. To further explore the role of long-term bilateral sensorineural hearing loss on cerebellar function, we investigated hearing loss-induced changes among neural networks within cerebellar subregions and the changes in cerebellar-cerebral connectivity patterns using resting-state functional MRI. Twenty-one subjects with long-term bilateral moderate-to-severe sensorineural hearing loss and 21 matched controls with clinically normal hearing underwent MRI scanning and a series of neuropsychological tests targeting cognition and emotion. Voxel-wise functional connectivity (FC) analysis demonstrated decreased couplings between the cerebellum and other cerebral areas, including the temporal pole (TP), insula, supramarginal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), medial frontal gyrus, and thalamus, in long-term bilateral sensorineural hearing loss patients. An ROI-wise FC analysis found weakened interregional connections within cerebellar subdivisions. Moreover, there was a negative correlation between anxiety and FC between the left cerebellar lobe VI and left insula. Hearing ability and anxiety scores were also correlated with FC between the left cerebellar lobe VI and left TP, as well as the right cerebellar lobule VI and left IFG. Our results suggest that sensorineural hearing loss disrupts cerebellar-cerebral circuits, some potentially linked to anxiety, and interregional cerebellar connectivity. The findings contribute to a growing body showing that auditory deprivation caused by cochlear hearing loss disrupts not only activity with the classical auditory pathway but also portions of the cerebellum that communicates with other cortical networks.
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Izydorczyk B, Sitnik-Warchulska K, Lizińczyk S, Lipiarz A. Psychological Predictors of Unhealthy Eating Attitudes in Young Adults. Front Psychol 2019; 10:590. [PMID: 30941079 PMCID: PMC6433833 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the predictive role of psychological risk factors for restrained and compulsive eating in young women and men. We examined the relationship between resilience, impulsivity, emotional intelligence and self-esteem, and restrained and compulsive eating. It was assumed that resilience and impulsivity can directly explain unhealthy eating attitudes (restrained and compulsive: both emotional eating and external eating). The study group comprised 211 individuals (105 men and 106 women) aged 20-29, all of whom were living in southern Poland. Measures included the Resilience Measurement Scale (SPP-25), the Eysenck's Impulsivity Inventory (IVE), the Multidimensional Self-Esteem Inventory (MSEI), the Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (INTE), and the Polish adaptation of the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ). The statistical analysis showed significant and positive correlations between emotional eating and general self-esteem, impulsivity, and weaker (but still significant) correlations with physical attractiveness. External eating was positively and significantly correlated with impulsivity and self-esteem (including physical attractiveness). Restrained eating was also positively and significantly correlated with general self-esteem. Both types of compulsive eating attitudes (emotional and external eating) were significantly and negatively correlated with resilience. Women showed a significantly higher positive correlation between impulsivity and external eating compared to men. The level of intensity of other measures proved similar across the entire study group regardless of sex. Impulsivity had the strongest and most direct significant influence on both emotional eating and external eating, and a negative effect on emotional intelligence. Resilience proved to have a significant impact on all three examined types of eating attitude (a direct negative effect on emotional eating and external eating, and positive direct effect on restrained eating), self-esteem, and emotional intelligence. An important psychological intervening variable in generating unhealthy eating attitudes proved to be self-esteem among both men and women. Emotional intelligence, which remains correlated with resilience, proved independent, with no effect on unhealthy eating attitudes. These results suggest that preventive treatment and educational programs implemented particularly among adolescents and young adults may support development of their psychological resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadetta Izydorczyk
- Faculty of Management and Social Communication, Institute of Applied Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Sitnik-Warchulska
- Faculty of Management and Social Communication, Institute of Applied Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Sebastian Lizińczyk
- Katowice Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Katowice, Poland
| | - Adrianna Lipiarz
- Faculty of Management and Social Communication, Institute of Applied Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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64
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Abstract
Various aspects of physical and mental health have been linked to an individual’s ability to perceive the physical condition of their body (‘interoception’). In addition, numerous studies have demonstrated a role for interoception in higher-order cognitive abilities such as decision-making and emotion processing. The importance of interoception for health and typical cognitive functioning has prompted interest in how interoception varies over the lifespan. However, few studies have investigated interoception into older adulthood, and no studies account for the set of physiological changes that may influence task performance. The present study examined interoception from young to very late adulthood (until 90 years of age) utilising a self-report measure of interoception (Study One) and an objective measure of cardiac interoception (Study Two). Across both studies, interoception decreased with age, and changes in interoceptive accuracy were observed which were not explained by accompanying physiological changes. In addition to a direct effect of age on interoception, an indirect effect of ageing on cardiac interoceptive accuracy mediated by body mass index (BMI) was found, such that ageing was associated with increased BMI which was, in turn, associated with reduced interoceptive accuracy. Such findings support and extend previous research demonstrating interoceptive decline with advancing age, and highlight the importance of assessing whether decreasing interoceptive ability is responsible for some aspects of age-related ill-health and cognitive impairment.
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65
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Shalev I. Motivated Cue Integration in Alexithymia: Improving Interoception and Emotion Information Processing by Awareness-of-Sensation Techniques. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:329. [PMID: 31133902 PMCID: PMC6524402 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent findings indicate that alexithymia is the result of a multidomain, multidimensional failure of interoception. Whereas much of the literature addresses the cognitive and affective aspects of alexithymia, less is known about the association between the failure of interoception and the process of motivated cue integration. The theory of motivated cue integration integrates high-level control processes with low-level embodied and contextual cues, suggesting that selective attention to internal and contextual cues results in the creation of meaning that, in turn, influences judgment and action generation. Conceptualized as a special case of the cue integration problem, alexithymia may be associated with restricted access to emotional cues, indicating impaired connectivity between low-level embodied cues and top-down goals and values. This problem may also be viewed as a means substitution problem, indicating the individual's need for alternative multisensory information. Based on this reasoning, interventions that exploit awareness-of-sensation techniques (e.g., mindfulness, experiential approach, focusing) may help to improve the distinction between bodily sensation and interpretation and to create meaning of situational state by substitution of inaccessible affective cues with alternative cues. Accordingly, clinicians and neuropsychologists can help individuals who suffer from alexithymia by training them to use awareness-of-sensation techniques and directing their attention to alternative multisensory cues as well as alternative cognitive configurations (e.g., mental images). Integrating peripheral cues in the moment-by-moment generation of meaning and self-regulation can improve affective judgment through the exchange of inaccessible affective cues with alternative ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idit Shalev
- Laboratory for Embodiment and Self-Regulation, Department of Psychology, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
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66
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The role of mid-insula in the relationship between cardiac interoceptive attention and anxiety: evidence from an fMRI study. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17280. [PMID: 30467392 PMCID: PMC6250688 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35635-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Interoception refers to the perception of the internal bodily states. Recent accounts highlight the role of the insula in both interoception and the subjective experience of anxiety. The current study aimed to delve deeper into the neural correlates of cardiac interoception; more specifically, the relationship between interoception-related insular activity, interoceptive accuracy, and anxiety. This was done using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in an experimental design in which 40 healthy volunteers focused on their heartbeat and anxious events. Interoceptive accuracy and anxiety levels were measured using the Heartbeat Perception Task and State Trait Anxiety Inventory, respectively. The results showed posterior, mid and anterior insular activity during cardiac interoception, whereas anxiety-related activation showed only anterior insular activity. Activation of the anterior insula when focused on cardiac interoception was positively correlated to state and trait anxiety levels, respectively. Moreover, the mid-insular activity during the cardiac attention condition not only related to individuals’ interoceptive accuracy but also to their levels of state and trait anxiety, respectively. These findings confirm that there are distinct neural representations of heartbeat attention and anxious experience across the insular regions, and suggest the mid-insula as a crucial link between cardiac interoception and anxiety.
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67
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Wiersema JR, Godefroid E. Interoceptive awareness in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205221. [PMID: 30312308 PMCID: PMC6185835 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
ADHD is considered a disorder of self-regulation. Recent research has shown that awareness of bodily states, referred to as interoceptive awareness, crucially contributes to self-regulatory processes. Impaired self-regulation in ADHD has been explained in terms of arousal regulation deficits in ADHD (the state regulation deficit (SRD) account). There is now ample support for the SRD account, however the exact reason for arousal regulation difficulties is not yet known. The SRD account explicitly refers to the ability to monitor one's momentary bodily state as a prerequisite for effective state regulation. However, surprisingly, no study to date has tested the ability to become aware of bodily signals, i.e. interoceptive awareness, in ADHD. In the current study, we therefore compared interoceptive awareness between 24 adults with ADHD and 23 controls by means of both an objective (heartbeat perception task) and subjective measure (questionnaire) of interoceptive awareness. Results revealed a strikingly similar performance for both groups on both measures, suggesting preserved interoceptive awareness in adult ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan R. Wiersema
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health psychology, Faculty of Psychology and educational sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- * E-mail:
| | - Elke Godefroid
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health psychology, Faculty of Psychology and educational sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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68
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Shoji M, Mehling WE, Hautzinger M, Herbert BM. Investigating Multidimensional Interoceptive Awareness in a Japanese Population: Validation of the Japanese MAIA-J. Front Psychol 2018; 9:1855. [PMID: 30349493 PMCID: PMC6186846 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness (MAIA) is a self-report instrument to assess relevant dimensions of bodily awareness. The aim of this study was to offer a Japanese version and adaptation of the MAIA (MAIA-J), as well as to analyse its psychometric properties in a Japanese population. The English MAIA was systematically forward and backward translated by bi-lingual Japanese experts; additionally, content validity aspects regarding language were discussed by a panel of experts. The MAIA-J was administered to 390 Japanese young adults (age: 20.3 ± 2.2), 67.7% women and 32.2% men. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) reduced the questionnaire from 32 to 25 items and from 8 to 6 factors (Noticing, Not-Distracting, Attention Regulation, Emotional Awareness, Body Listening, and Trusting). The Japanese version showed appropriate indicators of construct validity and reliability, with Cronbach's α between 0.67 and 0.87 for the 6 MAIA-J dimensions. The findings demonstrate that MAIA-J has a slightly different factor structure compared to the original English MAIA. Results are discussed with respect to cultural differences. However, the study results support acceptable reliability of the MAIA-J in the Japanese sample, warranting its use for future studies with Japanese populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayasu Shoji
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, National Center for Global Health Medicine, Kohnodai Hospital, Shinjuku, Japan
| | - Wolf E Mehling
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Martin Hautzinger
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Beate M Herbert
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany
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69
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Ellard KK, Zimmerman JP, Kaur N, Van Dijk KRA, Roffman JL, Nierenberg AA, Dougherty DD, Deckersbach T, Camprodon JA. Functional Connectivity Between Anterior Insula and Key Nodes of Frontoparietal Executive Control and Salience Networks Distinguish Bipolar Depression From Unipolar Depression and Healthy Control Subjects. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2018; 3:473-484. [PMID: 29580768 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2018.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with bipolar depression are characterized by dysregulation across the full spectrum of mood, differentiating them from patients with unipolar depression. The ability to switch neural resources among the default mode network, salience network, and executive control network (ECN) has been proposed as a key mechanism for adaptive mood regulation. The anterior insula is implicated in the modulation of functional network switching. Differential connectivity between anterior insula and functional networks may provide insights into pathophysiological differences between bipolar and unipolar mood disorders, with implications for diagnosis and treatment. METHODS Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were collected from 98 subjects (35 unipolar, 24 bipolar, and 39 healthy control subjects). Pearson correlations were computed between bilateral insula seed regions and a priori defined target regions from the default mode network, salience network, and ECN. After r-to-z transformation, a one-way multivariate analysis of covariance was conducted to identify significant differences in connectivity between groups. Post hoc pairwise comparisons were conducted and Bonferroni corrections were applied. Receiver-operating characteristics were computed to assess diagnostic sensitivity. RESULTS Patients with bipolar depression evidenced significantly altered right anterior insula functional connectivity with the inferior parietal lobule of the ECN relative to patients with unipolar depression and control subjects. Right anterior insula-inferior parietal lobule connectivity significantly discriminated patients with bipolar depression. CONCLUSIONS Impaired functional connectivity between the anterior insula and the inferior parietal lobule of the ECN distinguishes patients with bipolar depression from those with unipolar depression and healthy control subjects. This finding highlights a pathophysiological mechanism with potential as a therapeutic target and a clinical biomarker for bipolar disorder, exhibiting reasonable sensitivity and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen K Ellard
- Division of Neurotherapeutics, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston; Dauten Family Center for Bipolar Treatment Innovation, Department of Psychiatry, Boston.
| | - Jared P Zimmerman
- Department of Biomedical Graduate Studies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Navneet Kaur
- Department of Psychology, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts
| | - Koene R A Van Dijk
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Joshua L Roffman
- Division of Neurotherapeutics, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Andrew A Nierenberg
- Dauten Family Center for Bipolar Treatment Innovation, Department of Psychiatry, Boston
| | - Darin D Dougherty
- Division of Neurotherapeutics, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Thilo Deckersbach
- Division of Neurotherapeutics, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston; Dauten Family Center for Bipolar Treatment Innovation, Department of Psychiatry, Boston
| | - Joan A Camprodon
- Division of Neurotherapeutics, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston
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70
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Nestor LJ, McCabe E, Jones J, Clancy L, Garavan H. Smokers and ex-smokers have shared differences in the neural substrates for potential monetary gains and losses. Addict Biol 2018; 23:369-378. [PMID: 27943592 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Despite an increased understanding of nicotine addiction, there is a scarcity of research comparing the neural correlates of non-drug reward between smokers and ex-smokers. Long-term changes in reward-related brain functioning for non-drug incentives may elucidate patterns of functioning that potentially contribute to ongoing smoking behaviour in current smokers. Similarly, examining the effects of previous chronic nicotine exposure during a period of extended abstinence may reveal whether there are neural correlates responsible for non-drug reward processing that are different from current smokers. The current study, therefore, sets out to examine the neural correlates of reward and loss anticipation, and their respective outcomes, in smokers, ex-smokers and matched controls using a monetary incentive delay task during functional magnetic resonance imaging. Here, we report that in the absence of any significant behavioural group differences, both smokers and ex-smokers showed a significantly greater activation change in the lateral orbitofrontal/anterior insular cortex compared with smokers when anticipating both potential monetary gains and losses. We further report that ex-smokers showed a significantly greater activation change in the ventral putamen compared with both controls and smokers and in the caudate compared with controls during the anticipation of potential monetary losses only. The results suggest that smoking may sensitize striato-orbitofrontal circuitry subserving motivational processes for loss avoidance and reward gain in nicotine addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam J. Nestor
- Centre for Neuropsychopharmacology; Imperial College London; UK
- School of Psychology and Institute of Neuroscience; Trinity College Dublin; Ireland
| | - Ella McCabe
- School of Psychology and Institute of Neuroscience; Trinity College Dublin; Ireland
| | - Jennifer Jones
- School of Psychology and Institute of Neuroscience; Trinity College Dublin; Ireland
| | - Luke Clancy
- TobaccoFree Research Institute Ireland, DIT; Ireland
| | - Hugh Garavan
- School of Psychology and Institute of Neuroscience; Trinity College Dublin; Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry; University of Vermont; Burlington VT USA
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71
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Murphy J, Catmur C, Bird G. Alexithymia is associated with a multidomain, multidimensional failure of interoception: Evidence from novel tests. J Exp Psychol Gen 2017; 147:398-408. [PMID: 29154612 PMCID: PMC5824617 DOI: 10.1037/xge0000366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Interoception, the perception of the body’s internal state, contributes to numerous aspects of higher-order cognition. Several theories suggest a causal role for atypical interoception in specific psychiatric disorders, including a recent claim that atypical interoception represents a transdiagnostic impairment across disorders characterized by reduced perception of one’s own emotion (alexithymia). Such theories are supported predominantly by evidence from only one interoceptive domain (cardiac); however, evidence of domain-specific interoceptive ability highlights the need to assess interoception in noncardiac domains. Using novel interoceptive tasks, we demonstrate that individuals high in alexithymic traits show a reduced propensity to utilize interoceptive cues to gauge respiratory output (Experiment 1), reduced accuracy on tasks of muscular effort (Experiment 2), and taste sensitivity (Experiment 3), unrelated to any co-occurring autism, depression, or anxiety. Results suggest that alexithymia reflects a multidomain, multidimensional failure of interoception, which is consistent with theories suggesting that atypical interoception may underpin both symptom commonalities between psychiatric disorders and heterogeneity within disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Murphy
- MRC Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London
| | - Caroline Catmur
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London
| | - Geoffrey Bird
- MRC Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London
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72
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Tobia MJ, Hayashi K, Ballard G, Gotlib IH, Waugh CE. Dynamic functional connectivity and individual differences in emotions during social stress. Hum Brain Mapp 2017; 38:6185-6205. [PMID: 28940859 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to acute stress induces multiple emotional responses, each with their own unique temporal dynamics. Dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) measures the temporal variability of network synchrony and captures individual differences in network neurodynamics. This study investigated the relationship between dFC and individual differences in emotions induced by an acute psychosocial stressor. Sixteen healthy adult women underwent fMRI scanning during a social evaluative threat (SET) task, and retrospectively completed questionnaires that assessed individual differences in subjectively experienced positive and negative emotions about stress and stress relief during the task. Group dFC was decomposed with parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) into 10 components, each with a temporal signature, spatial network of functionally connected regions, and vector of participant loadings that captures individual differences in dFC. Participant loadings of two networks were positively correlated with stress-related emotions, indicating the existence of networks for positive and negative emotions. The emotion-related networks involved the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, cingulate cortex, anterior insula, and amygdala, among other distributed brain regions, and time signatures for these emotion-related networks were uncorrelated. These findings demonstrate that individual differences in stress-induced positive and negative emotions are each uniquely associated with large-scale brain networks, and suggest that dFC is a mechanism that generates individual differences in the emotional components of the stress response. Hum Brain Mapp 38:6185-6205, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Tobia
- Department of Psychology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Koby Hayashi
- Department of Computer Science, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Grey Ballard
- Department of Computer Science, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Ian H Gotlib
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Christian E Waugh
- Department of Psychology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
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73
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Stern ER, Grimaldi SJ, Muratore A, Murrough J, Leibu E, Fleysher L, Goodman WK, Burdick KE. Neural correlates of interoception: Effects of interoceptive focus and relationship to dimensional measures of body awareness. Hum Brain Mapp 2017; 38:6068-6082. [PMID: 28901713 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Interoception has been defined as the sensing of the physiological condition of the body, with interoceptive sensibility (IS) characterizing an individual's self-reported awareness of internal sensation. IS is a multidimensional construct including not only the tendency to be aware of sensation but also how sensations are interpreted, regulated, and used to inform behavior, with different dimensions relating to different aspects of health and disease. Here we investigated neural mechanisms of interoception when healthy individuals attended to their heartbeat and skin temperature, and examined the relationship between neural activity during interoception and individual differences in self-reported IS using the Multidimensional Scale of Interoceptive Awareness (MAIA). Consistent with prior work, interoception activated a network involving insula and sensorimotor regions but also including occipital, temporal, and prefrontal cortex. Differences based on interoceptive focus (heartbeat vs skin temperature) were found in insula, sensorimotor regions, occipital cortex, and limbic areas. Factor analysis of MAIA dimensions revealed 3 dissociable components of IS in our dataset, only one of which was related to neural activity during interoception. Reduced scores on the third factor, which reflected reduced ability to control attention to body sensation and increased tendency to distract from and worry about aversive sensations, was associated with greater activation in many of the same regions as those involved in interoception, including insula, sensorimotor, anterior cingulate, and temporal cortex. These data suggest that self-rated interoceptive sensibility is related to altered activation in regions involved in monitoring body state, which has implications for disorders associated with abnormality of interoception. Hum Brain Mapp 38:6068-6082, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R Stern
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (ISMMS), New York, New York.,Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, ISMMS, New York, New York
| | - Stephanie J Grimaldi
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (ISMMS), New York, New York
| | | | - James Murrough
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (ISMMS), New York, New York.,Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, ISMMS, New York, New York
| | - Evan Leibu
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (ISMMS), New York, New York
| | - Lazar Fleysher
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, ISMMS, New York, New York.,Department of Radiology, ISMMS, New York, New York
| | - Wayne K Goodman
- Department of Psychiatry, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Katherine E Burdick
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (ISMMS), New York, New York.,Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, ISMMS, New York, New York.,Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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74
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Daughters SB, Ross TJ, Bell RP, Yi JY, Ryan J, Stein EA. Distress tolerance among substance users is associated with functional connectivity between prefrontal regions during a distress tolerance task. Addict Biol 2017; 22:1378-1390. [PMID: 27037525 PMCID: PMC5625840 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Distress tolerance (DT), defined as the ability to persist in goal directed behavior while experiencing affective distress, is implicated in the development and maintenance of substance use disorders. While theory and evidence indicate that cortico-limbic neural dysfunction may account for deficits in goal directed behavior while experiencing distress, the neurobiological mechanisms of DT have yet to be examined. We modified a computerized DT task for use in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Task (PASAT-M), and examined the neural correlates and functional connectivity of DT among a cohort of substance users (n = 21; regular cocaine and nicotine users) and healthy controls (n = 25). In response to distress during the PASAT-M, we found greater activation in a priori cortico-limbic network ROIs, namely the right insula, anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), bilateral medial frontal gyrus (MFG), right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and right ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) significantly predicted higher DT among substance users, but not healthy controls. In addition, greater task-specific functional connectivity during distress between the right MFG and bilateral vmPFC/sgACC was associated with higher DT among substance users, but not healthy controls. The observed positive relationship between DT and neural activation in cortico-limbic structures, as well as functional connectivity between the rMFG and vmPFC/sgACC, is in line with theory and research suggesting the importance of these structures for persisting in goal directed behavior while experiencing affective distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey B. Daughters
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina – Chapel Hill
| | - Thomas J. Ross
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH
| | - Ryan P. Bell
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina – Chapel Hill
| | - Jennifer Y. Yi
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina – Chapel Hill
| | - Jonathan Ryan
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina – Chapel Hill
| | - Elliot A. Stein
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH
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Zhao Y, Chen L, Zhang W, Xiao Y, Shah C, Zhu H, Yuan M, Sun H, Yue Q, Jia Z, Zhang W, Kuang W, Gong Q, Lui S. Gray Matter Abnormalities in Non-comorbid Medication-naive Patients with Major Depressive Disorder or Social Anxiety Disorder. EBioMedicine 2017. [PMID: 28633986 PMCID: PMC5514428 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background An overlap of clinical symptoms between major depressive disorder (MDD) and social anxiety disorder (SAD) suggests that the two disorders exhibit similar brain mechanisms. However, few studies have directly compared the brain structures of the two disorders. The aim of this study was to assess the gray matter volume (GMV) and cortical thickness alterations between non-comorbid medication-naive MDD patients and SAD patients. Methods High-resolution T1-weighted images were acquired from 37 non-comorbid MDD patients, 24 non-comorbid SAD patients and 41 healthy controls (HCs). Voxel-based morphometry analysis of the GMV (corrected with a false discovery rate of p < 0.001) and vertex-based analysis of cortical thickness (corrected with a clusterwise probability of p < 0.001) were performed, and group differences were compared by ANOVA followed by post hoc tests. Outcomes Relative to the HCs, both the MDD patients and SAD patients showed the following results: GMV reductions in the bilateral orbital frontal cortex (OFC), putamen, and thalamus; cortical thickening in the bilateral medial prefrontal cortex, posterior dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, insular cortex, left temporal pole, and right superior parietal cortex; and cortical thinning in the left lateral OFC and bilateral rostral middle frontal cortex. In addition, MDD patients specifically showed a greater thickness in the left fusiform gyrus and right lateral occipital cortex and a thinner thickness in the bilateral lingual and left cuneus. SAD patients specifically showed a thinner cortical thickness in the right precentral cortex. Interpretation Our results indicate that MDD and SAD share common patterns of gray matter abnormalities in the orbitofrontal-striatal-thalamic circuit, salience network and dorsal attention network. These consistent structural differences in the two patient groups may contribute to the broad spectrum of emotional, cognitive and behavioral disturbances observed in MDD patients and SAD patients. In addition, we found disorder-specific involvement of the visual processing regions in MDD and the precentral cortex in SAD. These findings provide new evidence regarding the shared and specific neuropathological mechanisms that underlie MDD and SAD. MDD and SAD share common gray matter abnormalities in the orbitofrontal-striatal-thalamic circuit, salience and dorsal attention network. MDD patients show disorder-specific involvement of the visual processing regions. SAD patients show disorder-specific involvement of the precentral cortex.
An overlap of clinical symptoms between major depressive disorder (MDD) and social anxiety disorder (SAD) suggests similar brain mechanisms for the two disorders. However, few studies have directly compared the brain structures of the two disorders. The aim of this study was to assess gray matter volume and cortical thickness alterations between non-comorbid medication-naive MDD patients and SAD patients. We found that MDD and SAD shared a common pattern of gray matter abnormalities in the orbitofrontal-striatal-thalamic circuit, salience network and dorsal attention network. MDD patients showed disorder-specific involvement of the visual processing regions. SAD patients showed disorder-specific involvement of the precentral cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youjin Zhao
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Lizhou Chen
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Yuan Xiao
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Chandan Shah
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Hongru Zhu
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Minlan Yuan
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Huaiqiang Sun
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Qiang Yue
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Zhiyun Jia
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Weihong Kuang
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China.
| | - Su Lui
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China.
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Bornemann B, Singer T. Taking time to feel our body: Steady increases in heartbeat perception accuracy and decreases in alexithymia over 9 months of contemplative mental training. Psychophysiology 2016; 54:469-482. [DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Boris Bornemann
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences; Leipzig Germany
| | - Tania Singer
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences; Leipzig Germany
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Goodyear K, Parasuraman R, Chernyak S, Madhavan P, Deshpande G, Krueger F. Advice Taking from Humans and Machines: An fMRI and Effective Connectivity Study. Front Hum Neurosci 2016; 10:542. [PMID: 27867351 PMCID: PMC5095979 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
With new technological advances, advice can come from different sources such as machines or humans, but how individuals respond to such advice and the neural correlates involved need to be better understood. We combined functional MRI and multivariate Granger causality analysis with an X-ray luggage-screening task to investigate the neural basis and corresponding effective connectivity involved with advice utilization from agents framed as experts. Participants were asked to accept or reject good or bad advice from a human or machine agent with low reliability (high false alarm rate). We showed that unreliable advice decreased performance overall and participants interacting with the human agent had a greater depreciation of advice utilization during bad advice compared to the machine agent. These differences in advice utilization can be perceivably due to reevaluation of expectations arising from association of dispositional credibility for each agent. We demonstrated that differences in advice utilization engaged brain regions that may be associated with evaluation of personal characteristics and traits (precuneus, posterior cingulate cortex, temporoparietal junction) and interoception (posterior insula). We found that the right posterior insula and left precuneus were the drivers of the advice utilization network that were reciprocally connected to each other and also projected to all other regions. Our behavioral and neuroimaging results have significant implications for society because of progressions in technology and increased interactions with machines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Goodyear
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University, ProvidenceRI, USA; Section on Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism and National Institute on Drug Abuse, BethesdaMD, USA
| | - Raja Parasuraman
- Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax VA, USA
| | - Sergey Chernyak
- Molecular Neuroscience Department, George Mason University, Fairfax VA, USA
| | | | - Gopikrishna Deshpande
- Auburn University MRI Research Center, Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Auburn University, AuburnAL, USA; Department of Psychology, Auburn University, AuburnAL, USA; Alabama Advanced Imaging Consortium, Auburn University and University of Alabama, BirminghamAL, USA
| | - Frank Krueger
- Department of Psychology, George Mason University, FairfaxVA, USA; Molecular Neuroscience Department, George Mason University, FairfaxVA, USA
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Pollatos O, Herbert BM, Mai S, Kammer T. Changes in interoceptive processes following brain stimulation. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2016; 371:rstb.2016.0016. [PMID: 28080973 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2016.0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The processing and perception of individual internal bodily signals (interoception) has been differentiated to comprise different levels and processes involved. The so-called heartbeat-evoked potential (HEP) offers an additional possibility to examine automatic processing of cardiac signals. Knowledge on neural structures potentially supporting different facets of interoception is still sparse. One way to get insights into neuroanatomical function is to manipulate the activity of different brain structures. In this study, we used repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and a continuous theta-burst protocol to inhibit specific central locations of the interoceptive network including the right anterior insula and the right somatosensory cortices and assessed effects on interoceptive facets and the HEP in 18 male participants. Main results were that inhibiting anterior insula resulted in a significant decline in cardiac and respiratory interoceptive accuracy (IAc) and in a consistent decrease in perception confidence. Continuous theta-burst stimulation (cTBS) over somatosensory cortices reduced only cardiac IAc and affected perception confidence. Inhibiting right anterior insula and right somatosensory cortices increased interoceptive sensibility and reduced the HEP amplitude over frontocentral locations. Our findings strongly suggest that cTBS is an effective tool to investigate the neural network supporting interoceptive processes.This article is part of the themed issue 'Interoception beyond homeostasis: affect, cognition and mental health'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Pollatos
- Clinical and Health Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Albert Einstein Allee 41, Ulm, Germany
| | - Beate M Herbert
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sandra Mai
- Clinical and Health Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Albert Einstein Allee 41, Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas Kammer
- Section for Neurostimulation, Department of Psychiatry, Ulm University, 89075 Ulm, Germany
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Luo Y, Yan C, Huang T, Fan M, Liu L, Zhao Z, Ni K, Jiang H, Huang X, Lu Z, Wu W, Zhang M, Fan X. Altered Neural Correlates of Emotion Associated Pain Processing in Persistent Somatoform Pain Disorder: An fMRI Study. Pain Pract 2016; 16:969-979. [PMID: 27641732 DOI: 10.1111/papr.12358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Patients with persistent somatoform pain disorder (PSPD) suffer from long-term pain and emotional conflicts. Recently, accumulating evidence indicated that emotion has a significant role in pain perception of somatoform pain disorder. To further understand the association between emotion and pain-related brain activities, functional activities of patients with PSPD fulfilling ICD-10 criteria and healthy controls were assessed using functional magnetic resonance imaging technology, while participants viewed a series of positive, neutral, or negative pictures with or without pinprick pain stimulation. Results showed that patients with PSPD had altered brain activities in the parietal gyrus, temporal gyrus, posterior cingulate cortex, prefrontal cortex, and parahippocampus in response to pinprick pain stimuli during different emotions compared with the healthy control group. Moreover, patients with PSPD consistently showed hyperactivities in the prefrontal, the fusiform gyrus and the insula in response to negative stimuli under pinprick pain vs. non-pain condition. The current findings provide some insights into the underlying relationship between emotion and pain-related brain activity in patients with PSPD, which is of both theoretical and clinical importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Luo
- Department of Psychiatry, Tongji Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Yan
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (MOE & STCSM), East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianming Huang
- Mental Health Center of Changning District, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingxia Fan
- Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Liu
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhao
- Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaiji Ni
- Department of Psychiatry, Tongji Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Tongji Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Huang
- Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, Tongji Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenyuan Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, Tongji Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingyuan Zhang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoduo Fan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Massachusetts, USA
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80
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Upadhyay J, Granitzka J, Bauermann T, Baumgärtner U, Breimhorst M, Treede RD, Birklein F. Detection of central circuits implicated in the formation of novel pain memories. J Pain Res 2016; 9:671-681. [PMID: 27695361 PMCID: PMC5029841 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s113436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Being able to remember physically and emotionally painful events in one's own past may shape behavior, and can create an aversion to a variety of situations. Pain imagination is a related process that may include recall of past experiences, in addition to production of sensory and emotional percepts without external stimuli. This study aimed to understand 1) the central nervous system processes that underlie pain imagination, 2) the retrieval of pain memories, and 3) to compare the latter with visual object memory. These goals were achieved by longitudinally investigating brain function with functional magnetic resonance imaging in a unique group of healthy volunteers who had never experienced tooth pain. In these subjects, we compared brain responses elicited during three experimental conditions in the following order: imagination of tooth pain (pain imagination), remembering one's own house (object memory), and remembrance of tooth pain following an episode of induced acute tooth pain (pain memory). Key observations stemming from group-level conjunction analyses revealed common activation in the posterior parietal cortex for both pain imagination and pain memory, while object and pain memory each had strong activation predominantly within the middle frontal gyrus. When contrasting pain imagination and memory, significant activation differences were observed in subcortical structures (ie, parahippocampus - pain imagination > pain memory; midbrain - pain memory > pain imagination). Importantly, these findings were observed in the presence of consistent and reproducible psychophysical and behavioral measures that informed on the subjects' ability to imagine novel and familiar thoughts, as well as the subjects' pain perception.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Thomas Bauermann
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Medical Centre, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz
| | - Ulf Baumgärtner
- Department of Neurophysiology, Center for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim (CBTM), Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Rolf-Detlef Treede
- Department of Neurophysiology, Center for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim (CBTM), Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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Kanbara K, Fukunaga M. Links among emotional awareness, somatic awareness and autonomic homeostatic processing. Biopsychosoc Med 2016; 10:16. [PMID: 27175214 PMCID: PMC4863353 DOI: 10.1186/s13030-016-0059-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Emotional awareness and somatic interoceptive awareness are essential processes for human psychosomatic health. A typical trait of lacking emotional awareness related to psychosomatic symptoms is alexithymia. In contrast, alexisomia refers to the trait of lacking somatic awareness. Links between emotional and somatic awareness and homeostatic processing are also significant for the psychosomatic health. The purpose of the present paper is to review the links among emotional awareness, somatic interoceptive awareness and autonomic homeostatic processing. On the basis of the collected evidence, the following arguments were presented1: (1) The main subcortical neural substrates for these processes are limbic-related systems, which are also responsible for autonomic functions for optimization of homeostatic efficiency. (2) Considerable studies have shown that autonomic activity and/or reactivity to stress correlate with both emotional and interoceptive awareness. A hypothesis was advocated about the links between the two types of awareness and autonomic function: Autonomic dysfunction, especially high sympathetic tone at baseline and/or attenuated reactivity or variability to stress, appears to be involved in disturbance of emotional and interoceptive awareness. (3) Several studies suggest that a link or a cooperative relationship exists between emotional and somatic awareness, and that somatic awareness is the more fundamental of the two types of awareness. Emotional awareness, somatic awareness and autonomic homeostatic processing generally occur in parallel or concurrently. However, some complex features of pathologies include coexistence of reduced interoceptive awareness and somatosensory amplification. The autonomic homeostatic process is fundamentally involved in emotional and somatic awareness. Investigation of these types of awareness with both neuroimaging evaluations and estimation of peripheral autonomic function are required as next steps for exploration of the relationship between awareness and human somatic states including somatic symptoms as well as general psychosomatic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Kanbara
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1, Shinmachi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010 Japan
| | - Mikihiko Fukunaga
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1, Shinmachi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010 Japan
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82
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Ateş Çöl I, Sönmez MB, Vardar ME. Evaluation of Interoceptive Awareness in Alcohol-Addicted Patients. Noro Psikiyatr Ars 2016; 53:17-22. [PMID: 28360760 DOI: 10.5152/npa.2015.9898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Interoceptive awareness (IA) is defined as an ability to accurately perceive interoceptive processes, which comprise receiving, processing, and integrating body-relevant signals together with external stimuli. Interoceptive processes affect the motivated approach or avoidance behavior toward stimuli. Alcohol and other substances have effects on the autonomic system that result in altered interoceptive processes. Individuals who have disturbed IA may be at a higher risk of addiction because they are not able to utilize sufficiently body-relevant signals to guide their decision-making. The hypothesis that IA in alcohol-addicted patients would be affected and that the disturbed IA would be associated with alcohol craving was tested in this study. METHODS The study was conducted with 55 patients diagnosed with alcohol addiction according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR) criteria and who had been sober for at least two weeks and 52 non-addicted healthy controls. IA measurements were performed using the heartbeat perception performance method, which determines participants' awareness of their own heartbeat by comparing the number of subjectively perceived heartbeats with an objective heart rate measure recorded with ECG during four separate intervals. In addition, the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), Penn Alcohol Craving Scale (PACS), and Obsessive Compulsive Drinking Scale (OCDS) were performed on the alcohol-addicted patient group. RESULTS IA scores were significantly lower in the alcohol-addicted patients than the control subjects. IA scores of alcohol-addicted patients were negatively correlated with the levels of alcohol craving sensations according to the PACS results. CONCLUSION Our results corroborate the suggestion that IA in alcohol-addicted patients would be affected and that poor IA would be associated with alcohol craving and could be a maintaining factor for drinking behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Işıl Ateş Çöl
- Clinic of Psychiatry, İnegöl State Hospital, Bursa, Turkey
| | | | - Mehmet Erdal Vardar
- Department of Psychiatry, Trakya University School of Medicine, Edirne, Turkey
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Altered Insula Activity during Visceral Interoception in Weight-Restored Patients with Anorexia Nervosa. Neuropsychopharmacology 2016; 41:521-8. [PMID: 26084229 PMCID: PMC5130127 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2015.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a devastating psychiatric illness that is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Aberrant visceral interoceptive processing within the insula has been hypothesized to be an important mechanism in AN's pathophysiology due to the theoretical link between interoception and emotional experience. We therefore utilized functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine whether altered insula functioning underlies visceral interoception in AN. Fifteen females with restricting-type AN and 15 healthy control females underwent fMRI while performing an interoceptive attention task during which they focused on sensations in their heart, stomach, and bladder. Participants also performed an anxious rumination task while in the scanner. AN participants were weight-restored and free of psychotropic medications. Two distinct regions of the insula-anterior insula and dorsal mid-insula-exhibited a significant (p<0.05) interaction between group and interoceptive modality. The post hoc analyses revealed that in the dorsal mid-insula the interaction was driven by group differences during stomach interoception (p=0.002, Bonferroni corrected), whereas in the anterior insula the interaction was driven by group differences during heart interoception (p=0.03, Bonferroni corrected). In addition, individuals with AN displayed increased activation during anxious rumination in the dorsal mid-insula, and activation in this region during stomach interoception was correlated with measures of anxiety and psychopathology. This relationship between altered visceral interoception and clinical symptoms in AN suggests an important mechanism for the disorder. Additional research is needed to examine whether interventions targeting visceral interoception may increase the efficacy of treatments for AN.
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84
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Nelson BD, Bjorkquist OA, Olsen EK, Herbener ES. Schizophrenia symptom and functional correlates of anterior cingulate cortex activation to emotion stimuli: An fMRI investigation. Psychiatry Res 2015; 234:285-91. [PMID: 26596521 PMCID: PMC4679428 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a chronic mental illness characterized by distinct positive and negative symptoms and functional impairment. The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is a region of the brain's limbic system that is hypoactive during emotion processing in schizophrenia. Recent evidence suggests the hypoactive ACC in schizophrenia is due to negative (and not positive) symptoms. However, this finding has not been replicated and the functional significance of this relationship remains unclear. The present study examined the association between positive and negative symptoms, ACC activation to emotional images, and functional outcome in schizophrenia. Specifically, 16 schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder (SZ/SZAF) and 15 control (CON) participants underwent an fMRI scan while completing an emotional picture-rating task. SZ/SZAF participants also completed clinician-rated measures of positive and negative symptoms and functional abilities. SZ/SZAF participants with high negative symptoms had reduced ACC activation to pleasant images relative to those with low negative symptoms and CON, who did not differ. Furthermore, amongst all SZ/SZAF participants poorer social functioning was associated with decreased ACC activation to pleasant images. Finally, ACC activation partially mediated the relationship between negative symptoms and social dysfunction. These results provide evidence of the functional significance of the relationship between negative symptoms and ACC dysfunction in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brady D. Nelson
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA,Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Brady D. Nelson, Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794. Phone: 631-632-7697; Fax: 631-632-7876;
| | | | - Emily K. Olsen
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ellen S. Herbener
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA,Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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85
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Heitzeg MM, Cope LM, Martz ME, Hardee JE, Zucker RA. Brain activation to negative stimuli mediates a relationship between adolescent marijuana use and later emotional functioning. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2015; 16:71-83. [PMID: 26403581 PMCID: PMC4691419 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This work investigated the impact of heavy marijuana use during adolescence on emotional functioning, as well as the brain functional mediators of this effect. Participants (n=40) were recruited from the Michigan Longitudinal Study (MLS). Data on marijuana use were collected prospectively beginning in childhood as part of the MLS. Participants were classified as heavy marijuana users (n=20) or controls with minimal marijuana use. Two facets of emotional functioning-negative emotionality and resiliency (a self-regulatory mechanism)-were assessed as part of the MLS at three time points: mean age 13.4, mean age 19.6, and mean age 23.1. Functional neuroimaging data during an emotion-arousal word task were collected at mean age 20.2. Negative emotionality decreased and resiliency increased across the three time points in controls but not heavy marijuana users. Compared with controls, heavy marijuana users had less activation to negative words in temporal, prefrontal, and occipital cortices, insula, and amygdala. Activation of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex to negative words mediated an association between marijuana group and later negative emotionality. Activation of the cuneus/lingual gyrus mediated an association between marijuana group and later resiliency. Results support growing evidence that heavy marijuana use during adolescence affects later emotional outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary M Heitzeg
- Department of Psychiatry, Addiction Research Center, University of Michigan, 4250 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Lora M Cope
- Department of Psychiatry, Addiction Research Center, University of Michigan, 4250 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Meghan E Martz
- Department of Psychiatry, Addiction Research Center, University of Michigan, 4250 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, 2044 East Hall, 530 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48108, USA.
| | - Jillian E Hardee
- Department of Psychiatry, Addiction Research Center, University of Michigan, 4250 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Robert A Zucker
- Department of Psychiatry, Addiction Research Center, University of Michigan, 4250 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, 2044 East Hall, 530 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48108, USA.
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86
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Terasawa Y, Kurosaki Y, Ibata Y, Moriguchi Y, Umeda S. Attenuated sensitivity to the emotions of others by insular lesion. Front Psychol 2015; 6:1314. [PMID: 26388817 PMCID: PMC4554943 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The insular cortex has been considered to be the neural base of visceral sensation for many years. Previous studies in psychology and cognitive neuroscience have accumulated evidence indicating that interoception is an essential factor in the subjective feeling of emotion. Recent neuroimaging studies have demonstrated that anterior insular cortex activation is associated with accessing interoceptive information and underpinning the subjective experience of emotional state. Only a small number of studies have focused on the influence of insular damage on emotion processing and interoceptive awareness. Moreover, disparate hypotheses have been proposed for the alteration of emotion processing by insular lesions. Some studies show that insular lesions yield an inability for understanding and representing disgust exclusively, but other studies suggest that such lesions modulate arousal and valence judgments for both positive and negative emotions. In this study, we examined the alteration in emotion recognition in three right insular and adjacent area damaged cases with well-preserved higher cognitive function. Participants performed an experimental task using morphed photos that ranged between neutral and emotional facial expressions (i.e., anger, sadness, disgust, and happiness). Recognition rates of particular emotions were calculated to measure emotional sensitivity. In addition, they performed heartbeat perception task for measuring interoceptive accuracy. The cases identified emotions that have high arousal level (e.g., anger) as less aroused emotions (e.g., sadness) and a case showed remarkably low interoceptive accuracy. The current results show that insular lesions lead to attenuated emotional sensitivity across emotions, rather than category-specific impairments such as to disgust. Despite the small number of cases, our findings suggest that the insular cortex modulates recognition of emotional saliency and mediates interoceptive and emotional awareness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Terasawa
- Department of Psychology, Keio University Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Kurosaki
- Department of Communication Disorders, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yukio Ibata
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nasu Red Cross Hospital Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Moriguchi
- Department of Psychophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Umeda
- Department of Psychology, Keio University Tokyo, Japan
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Abstract
Exposure to cues of homeostatic relevance (i.e. heartbeats) is supposed to increase the allocation of attentional resources towards the cue, due to its importance for self-regulatory, interoceptive processes. This functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study aimed at determining whether listening to heartbeats is accompanied by activation in brain areas associated with interoception, particularly the insular cortex. Brain activity was measured with fMRI during cue-exposure in 36 subjects while listening to heartbeats vs. sinus tones. Autonomic markers (skin conductance) and subjective measures of state and trait anxiety were assessed. Stimulation with heartbeat sounds triggered activation in brain areas commonly associated with the processing of interoceptive information, including bilateral insular cortices, the inferior frontal operculum, and the middle frontal gyrus. A psychophysiological interaction analysis indicated a functional connectivity between the middle frontal gyrus (seed region) and bilateral insular cortices, the left amygdala and the supplementary motor area. The magnitude of neural activation in the right anterior insular cortex was positively associated with autonomic arousal. The present findings indicate that listening to heartbeats induced activity in areas of the interoception network as well as changes in psychophysiological arousal and subjective emotional experience. As this approach constitutes a promising method for studying interoception in the fMRI environment, a clinical application in anxiety prone populations should be addressed by future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina I. Kleint
- Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Wittchen
- Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ulrike Lueken
- Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychoatherapy, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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88
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Schwartz CE, Ayandeh A, Rodgers JD, Duberstein P, Weinstock-Guttman B, Benedict RHB. A new perspective on proxy report: Investigating implicit processes of understanding through patient-proxy congruence. Qual Life Res 2015; 24:2637-49. [PMID: 26038218 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-015-1017-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Utilizing proxy report is a common solution to gathering quality-of-life information from people who are not capable of reliably answering questionnaires, such as people with dementia. Proxy report could, however, also provide information about patients' implicit processes of understanding, which we define as automatic, schema-driven cognitive processes that allow one to have a better understanding of oneself and of one's body, make oneself known and knowable to members of the social network, and allow one to react proactively in response to cues. We investigated whether implicit processes of understanding explain some of the association between reserve and healthy lifestyle behaviors. METHODS We operationalized three implicit processes of understanding: (a) psychosocial understanding; (b) insight into physical disability; and (c) somatic awareness. This secondary analysis involved a cohort of multiple sclerosis patients and their caregiver informants (n = 118 pairs). Measures included a neurologist-administered Expanded Disability Status Scale, patient- and informant-completed survey measures, and a heartbeat perception test (interoception). Patient-other congruence assessed implicit processes of understanding: psychosocial understanding (neurocognitive and personality); physical-disability insight; and somatic awareness (interoception). RESULTS Effect sizes (ES) for the inter-correlations between the three implicit processes were small. Psychosocial understanding was associated with higher past reserve-building activities (small ES). Psychosocial understanding explained variance in healthy lifestyle behaviors over and above the variance explained by current reserve-building activities (∆R (2) = 0.04; model R Adjusted (2) = 0.18). CONCLUSIONS Proxy versus patient report can provide information about underlying interpretational processes related to insight. These processes are distinct from reserve, predict health outcomes, and can inform lifestyle-changing interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn E Schwartz
- DeltaQuest Foundation, Inc., 31 Mitchell Road, Concord, MA, 01742, USA.
- Departments of Medicine and Orthopaedic Surgery, Tufts University Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Armon Ayandeh
- DeltaQuest Foundation, Inc., 31 Mitchell Road, Concord, MA, 01742, USA
| | - Jonathan D Rodgers
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Paul Duberstein
- Department of Psychiatry and Rochester Health Care Decision Making Group, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Bianca Weinstock-Guttman
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Ralph H B Benedict
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
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89
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Marmolejo-Ramos F, Hellemans K, Comeau A, Heenan A, Faulkner A, Abizaid A, D’Angiulli A. Event-related potential signatures of perceived and imagined emotional and food real-life photos. Neurosci Bull 2015; 31:317-30. [PMID: 25895000 PMCID: PMC5563690 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-014-1520-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Although food and affective pictures share similar emotional and motivational characteristics, the relationship between the neuronal responses to these stimuli is unclear. Particularly, it is not known whether perceiving and imagining food and affective stimuli elicit similar event-related potential (ERP) patterns. In this study, two ERP correlates, the early posterior negativity (EPN) and the late positive potential (LPP) for perceived and imagined emotional and food photographs were investigated. Thirteen healthy volunteers were exposed to a set of food photos, as well as unpleasant, pleasant, and neutral photos from the International Affective Picture System. In each trial, participants were first asked to view a photo (perception condition), and then to create a visual mental image of it and to rate its vividness (imagery condition). The results showed that during perception, brain regions corresponding to sensorimotor and parietal motivational (defensive and appetitive) systems were activated to different extents, producing a graded pattern of EPN and LPP responses specific to the photo content - more prominent for unpleasant than pleasant and food content. Also, an EPN signature occurred in both conditions for unpleasant content, suggesting that, compared to food or pleasant content, unpleasant content may be attended to more intensely during perception and may be represented more distinctly during imagery. Finally, compared to LLP activation during perception, as well as imagery and perception of all other content, LPP activation was significantly reduced during imagery of unpleasant photos, suggesting inhibition of unwanted memories. Results are framed within a neurocognitive working model of embodied emotions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kim Hellemans
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario Canada
| | - Amy Comeau
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario Canada
| | - Adam Heenan
- Department of Psychology, Queens University, Kingston, Ontario Canada
| | - Andrew Faulkner
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario Canada
| | - Alfonso Abizaid
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario Canada
| | - Amedeo D’Angiulli
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario Canada
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario Canada
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90
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Peterman JS, Bekele E, Bian D, Sarkar N, Park S. Complexities of emotional responses to social and non-social affective stimuli in schizophrenia. Front Psychol 2015; 6:320. [PMID: 25859230 PMCID: PMC4373273 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adaptive emotional responses are important in interpersonal relationships. We investigated self-reported emotional experience, physiological reactivity, and micro-facial expressivity in relation to the social nature of stimuli in individuals with schizophrenia (SZ). METHOD Galvanic skin response (GSR) and facial electromyography (fEMG) were recorded in medicated outpatients with SZ and demographically matched healthy controls (CO) while they viewed social and non-social images from the International Affective Pictures System. Participants rated the valence and arousal, and selected a label for experienced emotions. Symptom severity in the SZ and psychometric schizotypy in CO were assessed. RESULTS The two groups did not differ in their labeling of the emotions evoked by the stimuli, but individuals with SZ were more positive in their valence ratings. Although self-reported arousal was similar in both groups, mean GSR was greater in SZ, suggesting differential awareness, or calibration of internal states. Both groups reported social images to be more arousing than non-social images but their physiological responses to non-social vs. social images were different. Self-reported arousal to neutral social images was correlated with positive symptoms in SZ. Negative symptoms in SZ and disorganized schizotypy in CO were associated with reduced mean fEMG. Greater corrugator mean fEMG activity for positive images in SZ indicates valence-incongruent facial expressions. CONCLUSION The patterns of emotional responses differed between the two groups. While both groups were in broad agreement in self-reported arousal and emotion labels, their mean GSR, and fEMG correlates of emotion diverged in relation to the social nature of the stimuli and clinical measures. Importantly, these results suggest disrupted self awareness of internal states in SZ and underscore the complexities of emotion processing in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel S. Peterman
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, NashvilleTN, USA
| | - Esubalew Bekele
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, NashvilleTN, USA
| | - Dayi Bian
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, NashvilleTN, USA
| | - Nilanjan Sarkar
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, NashvilleTN, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt UniversityNashville, TN, USA
| | - Sohee Park
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, NashvilleTN, USA
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91
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Koch A, Pollatos O. Interoceptive sensitivity, body weight and eating behavior in children: a prospective study. Front Psychol 2014; 5:1003. [PMID: 25250006 PMCID: PMC4158976 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous research indicates that interindividual differences in the ability to perceive one's own bodily signals (interoceptive sensitivity, IS) are associated with disordered eating behavior and weight problems. But representative and prospective data in children are lacking and therefore, the exact nature of these observed associations remains unclear. Data on IS measured by heartbeat perception ability in 1657 children between 6 and 11 years of age were collected on the basis of two measurement points with a year distance in time. Stability of the construct and its prospective association with different food approach behaviors [assessed via parent questionnaires (Children's Eating Behavior Questionnaire and Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire)] as well as with weight status were analyzed via structural equation modeling. Main results were that only in overweight children external and emotional eating behavior were predictive for later IS, whereas no such relation was found in normal weight children. There was no direct relation between IS and body mass index. For the first time, we could show that eating behavior and IS in middle childhood are prospectively related to each other. But surprisingly, our data indicate that altered interoceptive processes rather follow than precede non-adaptive eating behavior patterns in overweight children. This suggests a possible crucial role of faulty learning mechanisms in eating behavior early in life, undermining the later confidence in one's body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Koch
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Potsdam Potsdam, Germany
| | - Olga Pollatos
- Department of Health Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University Ulm, Germany
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92
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Tsurumi K, Kawada R, Yokoyama N, Sugihara G, Sawamoto N, Aso T, Fukuyama H, Murai T, Takahashi H. Insular activation during reward anticipation reflects duration of illness in abstinent pathological gamblers. Front Psychol 2014; 5:1013. [PMID: 25250011 PMCID: PMC4158979 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathological gambling (PG) is a chronic mental disorder characterized by a difficulty restraining gambling behavior despite negative consequences. Although brain abnormalities in patients with substance use disorders are caused by repetitive drug use and recover partly with drug abstinence, the relationship between brain activity and duration of illness or abstinence of gambling behavior in PG patients remains unclear. Here, using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we compared the brain activity of 23 PG patients recruited from a treatment facility with 27 demographically-matched healthy control subjects during reward anticipation, and examined the correlations between brain activity and duration of illness or abstinence in PG patients. During reward anticipation, PG patients showed decreased activity compared to healthy controls in a broad range of the reward system regions, including the insula cortex. In PG patients, activation in the left insula showed a significant negative correlation with illness duration. Our findings suggest that insular activation during reward anticipation may serve as a marker of progression of pathological gambling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Tsurumi
- Department of Psychiatry, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryosaku Kawada
- Department of Psychiatry, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naoto Yokoyama
- Department of Psychiatry, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto, Japan
| | - Genichi Sugihara
- Department of Psychiatry, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nobukatsu Sawamoto
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Aso
- Human Brain Research Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hidenao Fukuyama
- Human Brain Research Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshiya Murai
- Department of Psychiatry, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hidehiko Takahashi
- Department of Psychiatry, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto, Japan
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93
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Stern ER. Neural Circuitry of Interoception: New Insights into Anxiety and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders. CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN PSYCHIATRY 2014; 1:235-247. [PMID: 33344105 PMCID: PMC7747958 DOI: 10.1007/s40501-014-0019-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Over the past century, much research has investigated how the brain processes signals from the body (interoception) and how this processing may be disturbed in patients with psychiatric disorders. In this paper, I discuss the literature examining the relationship between interoceptive awareness and emotional and cognitive processes, and review the evidence suggesting that anxiety and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are characterized by abnormal interoception. A network of cortical and subcortical brain regions centered on the insula has repeatedly been implicated in interoception and is abnormal in anxiety and OCD. The investigation of interoception provides a framework for understanding behavioral and neural mechanisms of anxiety and OCD, although additional research is needed to directly link insula functioning to aberrant interoception in these disorders. Future work targeting interoception may be useful for the development of novel treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R. Stern
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Place( Box 1230, New York, NY 11105, USA
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94
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Kluetsch RC, Ros T, Théberge J, Frewen PA, Calhoun VD, Schmahl C, Jetly R, Lanius RA. Plastic modulation of PTSD resting-state networks and subjective wellbeing by EEG neurofeedback. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2014; 130:123-36. [PMID: 24266644 PMCID: PMC4442612 DOI: 10.1111/acps.12229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Electroencephalographic (EEG) neurofeedback training has been shown to produce plastic modulations in salience network and default mode network functional connectivity in healthy individuals. In this study, we investigated whether a single session of neurofeedback training aimed at the voluntary reduction of alpha rhythm (8-12 Hz) amplitude would be related to differences in EEG network oscillations, functional MRI (fMRI) connectivity, and subjective measures of state anxiety and arousal in a group of individuals with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). METHOD Twenty-one individuals with PTSD related to childhood abuse underwent 30 min of EEG neurofeedback training preceded and followed by a resting-state fMRI scan. RESULTS Alpha desynchronizing neurofeedback was associated with decreased alpha amplitude during training, followed by a significant increase ('rebound') in resting-state alpha synchronization. This rebound was linked to increased calmness, greater salience network connectivity with the right insula, and enhanced default mode network connectivity with bilateral posterior cingulate, right middle frontal gyrus, and left medial prefrontal cortex. CONCLUSION Our study represents a first step in elucidating the potential neurobehavioural mechanisms mediating the effects of neurofeedback treatment on regulatory systems in PTSD. Moreover, it documents for the first time a spontaneous EEG 'rebound' after neurofeedback, pointing to homeostatic/compensatory mechanisms operating in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemarie C. Kluetsch
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim / Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Tomas Ros
- Laboratory for Neurology and Imaging of Cognition, Department of Neurosciences, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jean Théberge
- Department of Medical Imaging, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul A. Frewen
- Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Vince D. Calhoun
- The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM, USA & Department of ECE, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Christian Schmahl
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim / Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Rakesh Jetly
- Directorate of Mental Health, Canadian Forces Health Services, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Ruth A. Lanius
- Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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95
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Sedeño L, Couto B, Melloni M, Canales-Johnson A, Yoris A, Baez S, Esteves S, Velásquez M, Barttfeld P, Sigman M, Kichic R, Chialvo D, Manes F, Bekinschtein TA, Ibanez A. How do you feel when you can't feel your body? Interoception, functional connectivity and emotional processing in depersonalization-derealization disorder. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98769. [PMID: 24967634 PMCID: PMC4072534 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Depersonalization-Derealization Disorder (DD) typically manifests as a disruption of body self-awareness. Interoception -defined as the cognitive processing of body signals- has been extensively considered as a key processing for body self-awareness. In consequence, the purpose of this study was to investigate whether there are systematic differences in interoception between a patient with DD and controls that might explain the disembodiment symptoms suffered in this disease. To assess interoception, we utilized a heartbeat detection task and measures of functional connectivity derived from fMRI networks in interoceptive/exteroceptivo/mind-wandering states. Additionally, we evaluated empathic abilities to test the association between interoception and emotional experience. The results showed patient's impaired performance in the heartbeat detection task when compared to controls. Furthermore, regarding functional connectivity, we found a lower global brain connectivity of the patient relative to controls only in the interoceptive state. He also presented a particular pattern of impairments in affective empathy. To our knowledge, this is the first experimental research that assesses the relationship between interoception and DD combining behavioral and neurobiological measures. Our results suggest that altered neural mechanisms and cognitive processes regarding body signaling might be engaged in DD phenomenology. Moreover, our study contributes experimental data to the comprehension of brain-body interactions and the emergence of self-awareness and emotional feelings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Sedeño
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience (LPEN), INECO (Institute of Cognitive Neurology) and Institute of Neuroscience, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- UDP-INECO Foundation Core on Neuroscience (UIFCoN), Diego Portales University, Santiago, Chile
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Blas Couto
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience (LPEN), INECO (Institute of Cognitive Neurology) and Institute of Neuroscience, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- UDP-INECO Foundation Core on Neuroscience (UIFCoN), Diego Portales University, Santiago, Chile
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Margherita Melloni
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience (LPEN), INECO (Institute of Cognitive Neurology) and Institute of Neuroscience, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- UDP-INECO Foundation Core on Neuroscience (UIFCoN), Diego Portales University, Santiago, Chile
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrés Canales-Johnson
- UDP-INECO Foundation Core on Neuroscience (UIFCoN), Diego Portales University, Santiago, Chile
- Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Adrián Yoris
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience (LPEN), INECO (Institute of Cognitive Neurology) and Institute of Neuroscience, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sandra Baez
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience (LPEN), INECO (Institute of Cognitive Neurology) and Institute of Neuroscience, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- UDP-INECO Foundation Core on Neuroscience (UIFCoN), Diego Portales University, Santiago, Chile
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sol Esteves
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience (LPEN), INECO (Institute of Cognitive Neurology) and Institute of Neuroscience, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcela Velásquez
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience (LPEN), INECO (Institute of Cognitive Neurology) and Institute of Neuroscience, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo Barttfeld
- Physics Department, Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience, FCEyN UBA and IFIBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France
| | - Mariano Sigman
- Physics Department, Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience, FCEyN UBA and IFIBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad Torcuato Di Tella, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rafael Kichic
- Anxiety Clinic, INECO (Institute of Cognitive Neurology), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Dante Chialvo
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Matemáticas y Ciencias, Universidad de San Andrés, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Facundo Manes
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience (LPEN), INECO (Institute of Cognitive Neurology) and Institute of Neuroscience, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- UDP-INECO Foundation Core on Neuroscience (UIFCoN), Diego Portales University, Santiago, Chile
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Australian Research Council (ACR) Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tristan A. Bekinschtein
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience (LPEN), INECO (Institute of Cognitive Neurology) and Institute of Neuroscience, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Agustin Ibanez
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience (LPEN), INECO (Institute of Cognitive Neurology) and Institute of Neuroscience, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- UDP-INECO Foundation Core on Neuroscience (UIFCoN), Diego Portales University, Santiago, Chile
- Universidad Autónoma del Caribe, Barranquilla, Colombia
- Australian Research Council (ACR) Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- * E-mail:
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96
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Tops M, Boksem MAS, Quirin M, IJzerman H, Koole SL. Internally directed cognition and mindfulness: an integrative perspective derived from predictive and reactive control systems theory. Front Psychol 2014; 5:429. [PMID: 24904455 PMCID: PMC4033157 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present paper, we will apply the predictive and reactive control systems (PARCS) theory as a framework that integrates competing theories of neural substrates of awareness by describing the "default mode network" (DMN) and anterior insula (AI) as parts of two different behavioral and homeostatic control systems. The DMN, a network that becomes active at rest when there is no external stimulation or task to perform, has been implicated in self-reflective awareness and prospection. By contrast, the AI is associated with awareness and task-related attention. This has led to competing theories stressing the role of the DMN in self-awareness vs. the role of interoceptive and emotional information integration in the AI in awareness of the emotional moment. In PARCS, the respective functions of the DMN and AI in a specific control system explains their association with different qualities of awareness, and how mental states can shift from one state (e.g., prospective self-reflection) to the other (e.g., awareness of the emotional moment) depending on the relative dominance of control systems. These shifts between reactive and predictive control are part of processes that enable the intake of novel information, integration of this novel information within existing knowledge structures, and the creation of a continuous personal context in which novel information can be integrated and understood. As such, PARCS can explain key characteristics of mental states, such as their temporal and spatial focus (e.g., a focus on the here and now vs. the future; a first person vs. a third person perspective). PARCS further relates mental states to brain states and functions, such as activation of the DMN or hemispheric asymmetry in frontal cortical functions. Together, PARCS deepens the understanding of a broad range of mental states, including mindfulness, mind wandering, rumination, autobiographical memory, imagery, and the experience of self.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattie Tops
- Department of Clinical Psychology, VU University Amsterdam Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Maarten A S Boksem
- Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Netherlands ; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Markus Quirin
- Institute of Psychology, University of Osnabrück Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Hans IJzerman
- Tilburg School of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Tilburg University Tilburg, Netherlands
| | - Sander L Koole
- Department of Clinical Psychology, VU University Amsterdam Amsterdam, Netherlands
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97
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Terasawa Y, Moriguchi Y, Tochizawa S, Umeda S. Interoceptive sensitivity predicts sensitivity to the emotions of others. Cogn Emot 2014; 28:1435-48. [DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2014.888988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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98
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Tan PZ, Lee KH, Dahl RE, Nelson EE, Stroud LJ, Siegle GJ, Morgan JK, Silk JS. Associations between maternal negative affect and adolescent's neural response to peer evaluation. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2014; 8:28-39. [PMID: 24613174 PMCID: PMC5125388 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2014.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Revised: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Parenting is often implicated as a potential source of individual differences in youths' emotional information processing. The present study examined whether parental affect is related to an important aspect of adolescent emotional development, response to peer evaluation. Specifically, we examined relations between maternal negative affect, observed during parent-adolescent discussion of an adolescent-nominated concern with which s/he wants parental support, and adolescent neural responses to peer evaluation in 40 emotionally healthy and depressed adolescents. We focused on a network of ventral brain regions involved in affective processing of social information: the amygdala, anterior insula, nucleus accumbens, and subgenual anterior cingulate, as well as the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex. Maternal negative affect was not associated with adolescent neural response to peer rejection. However, longer durations of maternal negative affect were associated with decreased responsivity to peer acceptance in the amygdala, left anterior insula, subgenual anterior cingulate, and left nucleus accumbens. These findings provide some of the first evidence that maternal negative affect is associated with adolescents' neural processing of social rewards. Findings also suggest that maternal negative affect could contribute to alterations in affective processing, specifically, dampening the saliency and/or reward of peer interactions during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Z Tan
- University of Pittsburgh, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, USA.
| | - Kyung Hwa Lee
- University of Pittsburgh, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, USA
| | - Ronald E Dahl
- University of California at Berkeley, School of Public Health, USA
| | - Eric E Nelson
- Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, National Institute of Mental Health, USA
| | - Laura J Stroud
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown Medical School, USA
| | - Greg J Siegle
- University of Pittsburgh, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, USA
| | - Judith K Morgan
- University of Pittsburgh, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, USA
| | - Jennifer S Silk
- University of Pittsburgh, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, USA
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Mascaro JS, Hackett PD, Gouzoules H, Lori A, Rilling JK. Behavioral and genetic correlates of the neural response to infant crying among human fathers. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2013; 9:1704-12. [PMID: 24336349 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nst166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although evolution has shaped human infant crying and the corresponding response from caregivers, there is marked variation in paternal involvement and caretaking behavior, highlighting the importance of understanding the neurobiology supporting optimal paternal responses to cries. We explored the neural response to infant cries in fathers of children aged 1-2, and its relationship with hormone levels, variation in the androgen receptor (AR) gene, parental attitudes and parental behavior. Although number of AR CAG trinucleotide repeats was positively correlated with neural activity in brain regions important for empathy (anterior insula and inferior frontal gyrus), restrictive attitudes were inversely correlated with neural activity in these regions and with regions involved with emotion regulation (orbitofrontal cortex). Anterior insula activity had a non-linear relationship with paternal caregiving, such that fathers with intermediate activation were most involved. These results suggest that restrictive attitudes may be associated with decreased empathy and emotion regulation in response to a child in distress, and that moderate anterior insula activity reflects an optimal level of arousal that supports engaged fathering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer S Mascaro
- Department of Anthropology, Emory University, 207 Anthropology Building, 1557 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, 1639 Pierce Drive, Suite 4000, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA, Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Emory University, PO Box 3966, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA, Department of Psychology, Emory University, 36 Eagle Row, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA, Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA, and Center for Translational Social Neuroscience, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322 Department of Anthropology, Emory University, 207 Anthropology Building, 1557 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, 1639 Pierce Drive, Suite 4000, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA, Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Emory University, PO Box 3966, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA, Department of Psychology, Emory University, 36 Eagle Row, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA, Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA, and Center for Translational Social Neuroscience, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322 Department of Anthropology, Emory University, 207 Anthropology Building, 1557 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, 1639 Pierce Drive, Suite 4000, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA, Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Emory University, PO Box 3966, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA, Department of Psychology, Emory University, 36 Eagle Row, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA, Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA, and Center for Translational Social Neuroscience, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Patrick D Hackett
- Department of Anthropology, Emory University, 207 Anthropology Building, 1557 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, 1639 Pierce Drive, Suite 4000, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA, Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Emory University, PO Box 3966, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA, Department of Psychology, Emory University, 36 Eagle Row, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA, Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA, and Center for Translational Social Neuroscience, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Harold Gouzoules
- Department of Anthropology, Emory University, 207 Anthropology Building, 1557 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, 1639 Pierce Drive, Suite 4000, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA, Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Emory University, PO Box 3966, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA, Department of Psychology, Emory University, 36 Eagle Row, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA, Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA, and Center for Translational Social Neuroscience, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Adriana Lori
- Department of Anthropology, Emory University, 207 Anthropology Building, 1557 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, 1639 Pierce Drive, Suite 4000, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA, Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Emory University, PO Box 3966, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA, Department of Psychology, Emory University, 36 Eagle Row, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA, Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA, and Center for Translational Social Neuroscience, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - James K Rilling
- Department of Anthropology, Emory University, 207 Anthropology Building, 1557 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, 1639 Pierce Drive, Suite 4000, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA, Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Emory University, PO Box 3966, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA, Department of Psychology, Emory University, 36 Eagle Row, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA, Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA, and Center for Translational Social Neuroscience, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322 Department of Anthropology, Emory University, 207 Anthropology Building, 1557 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, 1639 Pierce Drive, Suite 4000, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA, Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Emory University, PO Box 3966, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA, Department of Psychology, Emory University, 36 Eagle Row, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA, Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA, and Center for Translational Social Neuroscience, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322 Department of Anthropology, Emory University, 207 Anthropology Building, 1557 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, 1639 Pierce Drive, Suite 4000, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA, Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Emory University, PO Box 3966, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA, Department of Psychology, Emory University, 36 Eagle Row, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA, Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA, and Center for Translational Social Neuroscience, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322 Department of Anthropology, Emory University, 207 Anthropology Building, 1557 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory Univ
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Ross SN, Ware K. Hypothesizing the body's genius to trigger and self-organize its healing: 25 years using a standardized neurophysics therapy. Front Physiol 2013; 4:334. [PMID: 24312056 PMCID: PMC3832888 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2013.00334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We aim for this contribution to operate bi-directionally, both as a "bedside to bench" reverse-translational fractal physiological hypothesis and as a methodological innovation to inform clinical practice. In 25 years using gym equipment therapeutically in non-research settings, the standardized therapy is consistently observed to trigger universal responses of micro to macro waves of system transition dynamics in the human nervous system. These are associated with observably desirable impacts on disorders, injuries, diseases, and athletic performance. Requisite conditions are therapeutic coaching, erect posture, extremely slow movements in mild resistance exercises, and executive control over arousal and attention. To motivate research into the physiological improvements and in validation studies, we integrate from across disciplines to hypothesize explanations for the relationships among the methods, the system dynamics, and evident results. Key hypotheses include: (1) Correctly-directed system efforts may reverse a system's heretofore misdirected efforts, restoring healthier neurophysiology. (2) The enhanced information processing accompanying good posture is an essential initial condition. (3) Behaviors accompanying exercises performed with few degrees of freedom amplify information processing, triggering destabilization and transition dynamics. (4) Executive control over arousal and attention is essential to release system constraints, amplifying and complexifying information. (5) The dynamics create necessary and in many cases evidently sufficient conditions for the body to resolve or improve its own conditions within often short time periods. Literature indicates how the human system possesses material self-awareness. A broad explanation for the nature and effects of the therapy appears rooted in the cascading recursions of the systems' dynamics, which appear to trigger health-fostering self-reorganizing processes when this therapy provides catalytic initial conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara N Ross
- Chair of Interdisciplinary Graduate Studies, Antioch University Midwest Yellow Springs, OH, USA
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