51
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Otumala AE, Hellen DJ, Luna CA, Delgado P, Dissanayaka A, Ugwumadu C, Oshinowo O, Islam MM, Shen L, Karpen SJ, Myers DR. Opportunities and considerations for studying liver disease with microphysiological systems on a chip. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:2877-2898. [PMID: 37282629 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00940d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Advances in microsystem engineering have enabled the development of highly controlled models of the liver that better recapitulate the unique in vivo biological conditions. In just a few short years, substantial progress has been made in creating complex mono- and multi-cellular models that mimic key metabolic, structural, and oxygen gradients crucial for liver function. Here we review: 1) the state-of-the-art in liver-centric microphysiological systems and 2) the array of liver diseases and pressing biological and therapeutic challenges which could be investigated with these systems. The engineering community has unique opportunities to innovate with new liver-on-a-chip devices and partner with biomedical researchers to usher in a new era of understanding of the molecular and cellular contributors to liver diseases and identify and test rational therapeutic modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adiya E Otumala
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, 1760 Haygood Dr, Suite E-160, Rm E-156, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Service of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Dominick J Hellen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - C Alessandra Luna
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, 1760 Haygood Dr, Suite E-160, Rm E-156, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Service of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Priscilla Delgado
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, 1760 Haygood Dr, Suite E-160, Rm E-156, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Service of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Anjana Dissanayaka
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, 1760 Haygood Dr, Suite E-160, Rm E-156, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Service of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Chidozie Ugwumadu
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, 1760 Haygood Dr, Suite E-160, Rm E-156, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Service of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Oluwamayokun Oshinowo
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, 1760 Haygood Dr, Suite E-160, Rm E-156, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Service of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Md Mydul Islam
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, 1760 Haygood Dr, Suite E-160, Rm E-156, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Service of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Luyao Shen
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, 1760 Haygood Dr, Suite E-160, Rm E-156, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Service of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Saul J Karpen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - David R Myers
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, 1760 Haygood Dr, Suite E-160, Rm E-156, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Service of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Guo Y, Miao X, Sun X, Li L, Zhou A, Zhu X, Xu Y, Wang Q, Li Z, Fan Z. Zinc finger transcription factor Egf1 promotes non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. JHEP Rep 2023; 5:100724. [PMID: 37234276 PMCID: PMC10206499 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2023.100724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) contributes to the global epidemic of metabolic syndrome and is considered a prelude to end-stage liver diseases such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. During NAFLD pathogenesis, hepatic parenchymal cells (hepatocytes) undergo both morphological and functional changes owing to a rewired transcriptome. The underlying mechanism is not entirely clear. In the present study, we investigated the involvement of early growth response 1 (Egr1) in NAFLD. Methods Quantitative PCR, Western blotting, and histochemical staining were used to assess gene expression levels. Chromatin immunoprecipitation was used to evaluate protein binding to DNA. NAFLD was evaluated in leptin receptor-deficient (db/db) mice. Results We report here that Egr1 was upregulated by pro-NAFLD stimuli in vitro and in vivo. Further analysis revealed that serum response factor (SRF) was recruited to the Egr1 promoter and mediated Egr1 transactivation. Importantly, Egr1 depletion markedly mitigated NAFLD in db/db mice. RNA sequencing revealed that Egr1 knockdown in hepatocytes, on the one hand, boosted fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and, on the other hand, suppressed the synthesis of chemoattractants. Mechanistically, Egr1 interacted with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) to repress PPARα-dependent transcription of FAO genes by recruiting its co-repressor NGFI-A binding protein 1 (Nab1), which potentially led to promoter deacetylation of FAO genes. Conclusions Our data identify Egr1 as a novel modulator of NAFLD and a potential target for NAFLD intervention. Impact and Implications Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) precedes cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. In this paper, we describe a novel mechanism whereby early growth response 1 (Egr1), a transcription factor, contributes to NAFLD pathogenesis by regulating fatty acid oxidation. Our data provide novel insights and translational potential for NAFLD intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Guo
- Institute of Biomedical Research and College of Life Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Xiulian Miao
- Institute of Biomedical Research and College of Life Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Xinyue Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Luyang Li
- Department of Oral Medicine, Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Anqi Zhou
- Institute of Biomedical Research and College of Life Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Xi Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kunshan First People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Institute of Biomedical Research and College of Life Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qinghua Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kunshan First People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan, China
| | - Zilong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiwen Fan
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Lee YS, Seki E. In Vivo and In Vitro Models to Study Liver Fibrosis: Mechanisms and Limitations. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 16:355-367. [PMID: 37270060 PMCID: PMC10444957 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2023.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a common result of liver injury owing to various kinds of chronic liver diseases. A deeper understanding of the pathophysiology of liver fibrosis and identifying potential therapeutic targets of liver fibrosis is important because liver fibrosis may progress to advanced liver diseases, such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Despite numerous studies, the underlying mechanisms of liver fibrosis remain unclear. Mechanisms of the development and progression of liver fibrosis differ according to etiologies. Therefore, appropriate liver fibrosis models should be selected according to the purpose of the study and the type of underlying disease. Many in vivo animal and in vitro models have been developed to study liver fibrosis. However, there are no perfect preclinical models for liver fibrosis. In this review, we summarize the current in vivo and in vitro models for studying liver fibrosis and highlight emerging in vitro models, including organoids and liver-on-a-chip models. In addition, we discuss the mechanisms and limitations of each model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Sun Lee
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ekihiro Seki
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California.
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Liu J, Sun J, Yu J, Chen H, Zhang D, Zhang T, Ma Y, Zou C, Zhang Z, Ma L, Yu X. Gut microbiome determines therapeutic effects of OCA on NAFLD by modulating bile acid metabolism. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2023; 9:29. [PMID: 37258543 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-023-00399-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the most common chronic liver disease, had no approved pharmacological agents yet. Obeticholic acid (OCA), a novel bile acid derivative, was demonstrated to ameliorate NAFLD-related manifestations. Regarding the role of gut-liver axis in liver disease development, this study aimed to explore the potential role of gut microbiota in the treatment of OCA in NAFLD mice induced by the high-fat diet (HFD). Antibiotic-induced microbiome depletion (AIMD) and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) confirmed the critical role of gut microbiota in OCA treatment for NAFLD by effectively alleviating histopathological lesions and restoring liver function impaired by HFD. Metagenomic analysis indicated that OCA intervention in HFD mice remarkably increased the abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila, Bifidobacterium spp., Bacteroides spp., Alistipes spp., Lactobacillus spp., Streptococcus thermophilus, and Parasutterella excrementihominis. Targeted metabolomics analysis indicated that OCA could modulate host bile acids pool by reducing levels of serum hydrophobic cholic acid (CA) and chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), and increasing levels of serum-conjugated bile acids, such as taurodeoxycholic acid (TDCA) and tauroursodesoxycholic acid (TUDCA) in the HFD-fed mice. Strong correlations were observed between differentially abundant microbes and the shifted bile acids. Furthermore, bacteria enriched by OCA intervention exhibited much greater potential in encoding 7alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (7α-HSDs) producing secondary bile acids rather than bile salt hydrolases (BSHs) mainly responsible for primary bile acid deconjugation. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that OCA intervention altered gut microbiota composition with specially enriched gut microbes modulating host bile acids, thus effectively alleviating NAFLD in the mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China
| | - Jiayi Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Jiangkun Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, China.
| | - Hang Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Yunnan Institute of Digestive Disease, Yunnan Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Yunnan Institute of Digestive Disease, Yunnan Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, China
| | - Yicheng Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, China
| | - Chenggang Zou
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, China
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, China.
| | - Lanqing Ma
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Yunnan Institute of Digestive Disease, Yunnan Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, China.
| | - Xue Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
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Ye X, Chen Y, Qi J, Zhu S, Wu Y, Xiong J, Hu F, Guo Z, Liang X. Design and pharmaceutical evaluation of bifunctional fusion protein of FGF21 and GLP-1 in the treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Eur J Pharmacol 2023:175811. [PMID: 37245859 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) may be useful for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, obesity, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Previous studies have shown that GLP-1 may synergize with FGF21 in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. Currently, no approved drug therapy is available for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Here, we constructed and screened dual-targeting fusion proteins of GLP-1 and FGF21, connected by elastin-like polypeptides (ELPs), to investigate whether a combination of these two hormones would have therapeutic effects in models of NASH. The temperature phase transition and release of the hormones under physiological conditions were studied to identify a bifunctional fusion protein of FGF21 and GLP-1 (GEF) that was highly stable and showed sustained release. We further evaluated the quality and therapeutic efficacy of GEF in three mouse models of NASH. We successfully synthesized a novel recombinant bifunctional fusion protein with high stability and low immunogenicity. The GEF protein synthesized ameliorated hepatic lipid accumulation, hepatocyte damage, and inflammation; prevented the progression of NASH in the three models; reduced glycemia; and caused weight loss. This novel GEF molecule may be suitable for clinical use for the treatment of NAFLD/NASH and related metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianlong Ye
- Ganjiang Chinese Medicine Innovation Center, Nanchang, 330000, China.
| | - Yingli Chen
- Ganjiang Chinese Medicine Innovation Center, Nanchang, 330000, China
| | - Jianying Qi
- National Research Centre for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Shenglong Zhu
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wu
- Ganjiang Chinese Medicine Innovation Center, Nanchang, 330000, China
| | - Jingjing Xiong
- Ganjiang Chinese Medicine Innovation Center, Nanchang, 330000, China
| | - Fei Hu
- Ganjiang Chinese Medicine Innovation Center, Nanchang, 330000, China
| | - Zhimou Guo
- Ganjiang Chinese Medicine Innovation Center, Nanchang, 330000, China; Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Zhongshan Road 457, Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - Xinmiao Liang
- Ganjiang Chinese Medicine Innovation Center, Nanchang, 330000, China; Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Zhongshan Road 457, Dalian, 116023, China.
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56
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Mairinoja L, Heikelä H, Blom S, Kumar D, Knuuttila A, Boyd S, Sjöblom N, Birkman EM, Rinne P, Ruusuvuori P, Strauss L, Poutanen M. Deep learning based image analysis of liver steatosis in mouse models. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2023:S0002-9440(23)00171-2. [PMID: 37236505 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2023.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a continuously growing health problem worldwide, along with obesity. Therefore, both novel methods to efficiently study the manifestation of NAFLD and to analyze drug efficacy in pre-clinical models are needed. In the present study, we developed a deep neural network -based model to quantify micro- and macrovesicular steatosis in the liver on hematoxylin-eosin stained whole slide images (WSIs), using the cloud-based platform, Aiforia Create (Aiforia Technologies, Helsinki, Finland). The training data included a total of 101 WSIs from dietary interventions of wild-type mice and from two genetically modified (GM) mouse models with steatosis. The algorithm was trained for the following: to detect liver parenchyma, to exclude the blood vessels and any artefacts generated during tissue processing and image acquisition, to recognize and differentiate the areas of micro- and macrovesicular steatosis, and to quantify the recognized tissue area. The results of the image analysis replicated well the evaluation by expert pathologists, and correlated well with the liver fat content measured by EcoMRI ex vivo, and the correlation with total liver triglycerides were notable. In conclusion, the developed deep learning-based model is a novel tool for studying liver steatosis in mouse models on paraffin sections, and thus, can facilitate reliable quantification of the amount of steatosis in large preclinical study cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mairinoja
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine and Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520 Turku, Finland.
| | - Hanna Heikelä
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine and Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Sami Blom
- Aiforia Technologies Oyj, Pursimiehenkatu 29-31 D, 00150 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Darshan Kumar
- Aiforia Technologies Oyj, Pursimiehenkatu 29-31 D, 00150 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna Knuuttila
- Aiforia Technologies Oyj, Pursimiehenkatu 29-31 D, 00150 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sonja Boyd
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 3, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nelli Sjöblom
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 3, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eva-Maria Birkman
- Department of Pathology, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Petteri Rinne
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine and Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Pekka Ruusuvuori
- Cancer Research Unit, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Leena Strauss
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine and Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Matti Poutanen
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine and Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520 Turku, Finland; Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 3, 413 90 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Kakiyama G, Rodriguez-Agudo D, Pandak WM. Mitochondrial Cholesterol Metabolites in a Bile Acid Synthetic Pathway Drive Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Revised "Two-Hit" Hypothesis. Cells 2023; 12:1434. [PMID: 37408268 PMCID: PMC10217489 DOI: 10.3390/cells12101434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The rising prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)-related cirrhosis highlights the need for a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms responsible for driving the transition of hepatic steatosis (fatty liver; NAFL) to steatohepatitis (NASH) and fibrosis/cirrhosis. Obesity-related insulin resistance (IR) is a well-known hallmark of early NAFLD progression, yet the mechanism linking aberrant insulin signaling to hepatocyte inflammation has remained unclear. Recently, as a function of more distinctly defining the regulation of mechanistic pathways, hepatocyte toxicity as mediated by hepatic free cholesterol and its metabolites has emerged as fundamental to the subsequent necroinflammation/fibrosis characteristics of NASH. More specifically, aberrant hepatocyte insulin signaling, as found with IR, leads to dysregulation in bile acid biosynthetic pathways with the subsequent intracellular accumulation of mitochondrial CYP27A1-derived cholesterol metabolites, (25R)26-hydroxycholesterol and 3β-Hydroxy-5-cholesten-(25R)26-oic acid, which appear to be responsible for driving hepatocyte toxicity. These findings bring forth a "two-hit" interpretation as to how NAFL progresses to NAFLD: abnormal hepatocyte insulin signaling, as occurs with IR, develops as a "first hit" that sequentially drives the accumulation of toxic CYP27A1-driven cholesterol metabolites as the "second hit". In the following review, we examine the mechanistic pathway by which mitochondria-derived cholesterol metabolites drive the development of NASH. Insights into mechanistic approaches for effective NASH intervention are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genta Kakiyama
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (D.R.-A.); (W.M.P.)
- Research Services, Central Virginia Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Richmond, VA 23249, USA
| | - Daniel Rodriguez-Agudo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (D.R.-A.); (W.M.P.)
- Research Services, Central Virginia Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Richmond, VA 23249, USA
| | - William M. Pandak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (D.R.-A.); (W.M.P.)
- Research Services, Central Virginia Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Richmond, VA 23249, USA
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58
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Hwang S, Hicks A, Hoo CZ, Kwon YS, Cho YE, Moore J, Gao B. Novel treatment of acute and acute-on-chronic liver failure: Interleukin-22. Liver Int 2023:10.1111/liv.15619. [PMID: 37208937 PMCID: PMC10657333 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Acute liver failure (ALF) is a life-threatening medical condition, characterized by rapidly progressive hepatic dysfunction, coagulopathy and hepatic encephalopathy in patients without chronic liver disease, while acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) occurs in patients with existing chronic liver disease. ALF and ACLF are often associated with multiple organ failure and a high short-term mortality. In this review, we briefly discuss the causes and pathogenesis of ALF and ACLF, the current options available for the treatment of both deadly maladies and interleukin-22 (IL-22), a novel promising drug that may have great therapeutic potential for ALF and ACLF treatment. IL-22 is a cytokine produced by immune cells but mainly targets epithelial cells including hepatocytes. IL-22 has been shown to protect against organ damage and reduce bacterial infection in many preclinical models and several clinical trials including alcohol-associated hepatitis. The potential application of IL-22 for the treatment of ALF and ACLF is also elaborated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seonghwan Hwang
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Amy Hicks
- Leeds Liver Unit, St James’s University Hospital, UK
| | - Chai Zhen Hoo
- Leeds Liver Unit, St James’s University Hospital, UK
| | - Yong Seong Kwon
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye Eun Cho
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Joanna Moore
- Leeds Liver Unit, St James’s University Hospital, UK
| | - Bin Gao
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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59
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Akl MG, Li L, Baccetto R, Phanse S, Zhang Q, Trites MJ, McDonald S, Aoki H, Babu M, Widenmaier SB. Complementary gene regulation by NRF1 and NRF2 protects against hepatic cholesterol overload. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112399. [PMID: 37060561 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic cholesterol overload promotes steatohepatitis. Insufficient understanding of liver stress defense impedes therapy development. Here, we elucidate the role of stress defense transcription factors, nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor-1 (NRF1) and -2 (NRF2), in counteracting cholesterol-linked liver stress. Using a diet that increases liver cholesterol storage, expression profiles and phenotypes of liver from mice with hepatocyte deficiency of NRF1, NRF2, or both are compared with controls, and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing is undertaken to identify target genes. Results show NRF1 and NRF2 co-regulate genes that eliminate cholesterol and mitigate inflammation and oxidative damage. Combined deficiency, but not deficiency of either alone, results in severe steatohepatitis, hepatic cholesterol overload and crystallization, altered bile acid metabolism, and decreased biliary cholesterol. Moreover, therapeutic effects of NRF2-activating drug bardoxolone require NRF1 and are supplemented by NRF1 overexpression. Thus, we discover complementary gene programming by NRF1 and NRF2 that counteract cholesterol-associated fatty liver disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- May G Akl
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Raquel Baccetto
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Sadhna Phanse
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada
| | - Qingzhou Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada
| | - Michael J Trites
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Sherin McDonald
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Hiroyuki Aoki
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada
| | - Mohan Babu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada
| | - Scott B Widenmaier
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
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60
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Liu J, Gao S, Zhou W, Chen Y, Wang Z, Zeng Z, Zhou H, Lin T. Dihydrotrichodimerol Purified from the Marine Fungus Acremonium citrinum Prevents NAFLD by Targeting PPARα. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 86:1189-1201. [PMID: 37083418 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.2c00990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is closely linked to the imbalance of lipid and glucose metabolism, in which peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) play essential roles. The clinical trials have shown the beneficial effects of the PPARs' ligands on NAFLD. In this study, we screen the extracts from the marine fungus Acremonium citrinum and identify the natural compounds dihydrotrichodimerol (L1A) and trichodimerol (L1B) as the ligands of PPARs, of which L1A is a dual PPARα/γ agonist, whereas L1B is a selective PPARγ agonist. L1A but not L1B significantly prevents hepatic lipid accumulation in an oleic acid-induced NAFLD cell model as well as in a high-fat-diet-induced NAFLD mouse model. Moreover, L1A potently inhibits hepatic steatosis in a PPARα-dependent manner in another NAFLD mouse model constructed by using a choline-deficient and amino acid-defined diet. Mechanistically, L1A transcriptionally up-regulates the expression of SIRT1 in a PPARα-dependent manner, followed by the activation of AMPK and inactivation of ACC, resulting in the inhibition of lipid anabolism and the increase of lipid catabolism. Taken together, our study reveals a dual ligand of PPARα/γ with a distinct structure and therapeutic effect on NAFLD, providing a potential drug candidate bridging the currently urgent need for the management of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Shuo Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Wanxuan Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Yongyan Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Zhenwu Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
- High Throughput Drug Screening Platform, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Zhiping Zeng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
- High Throughput Drug Screening Platform, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Hu Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
- High Throughput Drug Screening Platform, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Ting Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
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61
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Babiy B, Ramos-Molina B, Ocaña L, Sacristán S, Burgos-Santamaría D, Martínez-Botas J, Busto R, Perna C, Frutos MD, Albillos A, Pastor Ó. Dihydrosphingolipids are associated with steatosis and increased fibrosis damage in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2023; 1868:159318. [PMID: 37059386 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2023.159318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Dihydrosphingolipids are lipids biosynthetically related to ceramides. An increase in ceramides is associated with enhanced fat storage in the liver and inhibition of their synthesis is reported to prevent the appearance of steatosis in animal models. However, the precise association of dihydrosphingolipids with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is yet to be established. We employed a diet induced NAFLD mouse model to study the association between this class of compounds and disease progression. Mice fed a high-fat diet were sacrificed at 22, 30 and 40 weeks to reproduce the full spectrum of histological damage found in human disease, steatosis (NAFL) and steatohepatitis (NASH) with and without significant fibrosis. Blood and liver tissue samples were obtained from patients whose NAFLD severity was assessed histologically. To demonstrate the effect of dihydroceramides over NAFLD progression we treated mice with fenretinide an inhibitor of dihydroceramide desaturse-1 (DEGS1). Lipidomic analyses were performed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Triglycerides, cholesteryl esters and dihydrosphingolipids were increased in the liver of model mice in association with the degree of steatosis and fibrosis. Dihydroceramides increased with the histological severity observed in liver samples of mice (0.024 ± 0.003 nmol/mg vs 0.049 ± 0.005 nmol/mg, non-NAFLD vs NASH-fibrosis, p < 0.0001) and patients (0.105 ± 0.011 nmol/mg vs 0.165 ± 0.021 nmol/mg, p = 0.0221). Inhibition of DEGS1 induce a four-fold increase in dihydroceramides improving steatosis but increasing the inflammatory activity and fibrosis. In conclusion, the degree of histological damage in NAFLD correlate with dihydroceramide and dihydrosphingolipid accumulation. LAY SUMMARY: Accumulation of triglyceride and cholesteryl ester lipids is the hallmark of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Using lipidomics, we examined the role of dihydrosphingolipids in NAFLD progression. Our results demonstrate that de novo dihydrosphingolipid synthesis is an early event in NAFLD and the concentrations of these lipids are correlated with histological severity in both mouse and human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohdan Babiy
- Servicio de Bioquímica Clínica, UCA-CCM, HU Ramón y Cajal-IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Bruno Ramos-Molina
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain
| | - Luis Ocaña
- Servicio de Cirugía General, HCU Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
| | - Silvia Sacristán
- Servicio de Bioquímica-Investigación, HU Ramón y Cajal-IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Rebeca Busto
- Servicio de Bioquímica-Investigación, HU Ramón y Cajal-IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristian Perna
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, HU Ramón y Cajal-IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Dolores Frutos
- Departamento de Cirugía General y Aparato Digestivo, HU Virgen de la Arraixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Agustín Albillos
- Servicio de Gastroenterología, HU Ramón y Cajal-IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), ISCIII, Spain
| | - Óscar Pastor
- Servicio de Bioquímica Clínica, UCA-CCM, HU Ramón y Cajal-IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain.
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62
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Tian R, Yang J, Wang X, Liu S, Dong R, Wang Z, Yang Z, Zhang Y, Cai Z, Yang H, Hu Y, She ZG, Li H, Zhou J, Zhang XJ. Honokiol acts as an AMPK complex agonist therapeutic in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and metabolic syndrome. Chin Med 2023; 18:30. [PMID: 36932412 PMCID: PMC10024454 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-023-00729-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD) and its related metabolic syndrome have become major threats to human health, but there is still a need for effective and safe drugs to treat these conditions. Here we aimed to identify potential drug candidates for NAFLD and the underlying molecular mechanisms. METHODS A drug repositioning strategy was used to screen an FDA-approved drug library with approximately 3000 compounds in an in vitro hepatocyte model of lipid accumulation, with honokiol identified as an effective anti-NAFLD candidate. We systematically examined the therapeutic effect of honokiol in NAFLD and metabolic syndrome in multiple in vitro and in vivo models. Transcriptomic examination and biotin-streptavidin binding assays were used to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms, confirmed by rescue experiments. RESULTS Honokiol significantly inhibited metabolic syndrome and NAFLD progression as evidenced by improved hepatic steatosis, liver fibrosis, adipose inflammation, and insulin resistance. Mechanistically, the beneficial effects of honokiol were largely through AMPK activation. Rather than acting on the classical upstream regulators of AMPK, honokiol directly bound to the AMPKγ1 subunit to robustly activate AMPK signaling. Mutation of honokiol-binding sites of AMPKγ1 largely abolished the protective capacity of honokiol against NAFLD. CONCLUSION These findings clearly demonstrate the beneficial effects of honokiol in multiple models and reveal a previously unappreciated signaling mechanism of honokiol in NAFLD and metabolic syndrome. This study also provides new insights into metabolic disease treatment by targeting AMPKγ1 subunit-mediated signaling activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifeng Tian
- Department of Cardiology,Renmin Hospital; School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.,Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Jinjie Yang
- Department of Cardiology,Renmin Hospital; School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.,Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- Department of Cardiology,Renmin Hospital; School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.,Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Shuaiyang Liu
- Department of Cardiology,Renmin Hospital; School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.,Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Ruixiang Dong
- Department of Cardiology,Renmin Hospital; School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.,Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Zhenya Wang
- Department of Cardiology,Renmin Hospital; School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.,Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Zifeng Yang
- Department of Cardiology,Renmin Hospital; School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.,Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yingping Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233030, China
| | - Zhiwei Cai
- Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Hailong Yang
- Gannan Innovation and Translational Medicine Research Institute, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China.,Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Yufeng Hu
- Gannan Innovation and Translational Medicine Research Institute, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China.,Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Zhi-Gang She
- Department of Cardiology,Renmin Hospital; School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.,Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Hongliang Li
- Department of Cardiology,Renmin Hospital; School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China. .,Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China. .,Gannan Innovation and Translational Medicine Research Institute, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China. .,Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China. .,Medical Science Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Junjie Zhou
- Gannan Innovation and Translational Medicine Research Institute, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China. .,Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China.
| | - Xiao-Jing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology,Renmin Hospital; School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China. .,Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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63
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Domingues I, Michalowski CB, Marotti V, Zhang W, Van Hul M, Cani PD, Leclercq IA, Beloqui A. Exploiting the biological effect exerted by lipid nanocapsules in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Control Release 2023; 356:542-553. [PMID: 36907563 PMCID: PMC7614370 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects approximately 25% of the global adult population and can progress to end-stage liver disease with life-threatening complications; however, no pharmacologic therapy has been approved. Drug delivery systems such as lipid nanocapsules (LNCs) are a very versatile platform, easy to produce, and can induce the secretion of the native glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) when orally administered. GLP-1 analogs are currently being extensively studied in clinical trials in the context of NAFLD. Our nanosystem provides with increased levels of GLP-1, triggered by the nanocarrier itself, and by the plasmatic absorption of the encapsulated synthetic analog (exenatide). Our goal in this study was to demonstrate a better outcome and a greater impact on the metabolic syndrome and liver disease progression associated with NAFLD with our nanosystem than with the subcutaneous injection of the GLP-1 analog alone. To that end, we studied the effect of chronic administration (one month) of our nanocarriers in two mouse models of early NASH: a genetic model (foz/foz mice fed a high fat diet (HFD)) and a dietary model (C57BL/6J mice fed with a western diet plus fructose (WDF)). Our strategy had a positive impact in promoting the normalization of glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance in both models, mitigating the progression of the disease. In the liver, diverging results were observed between the models, with the foz/foz mice presenting a better outcome. Although a complete resolution of NASH was not achieved in either model, the oral administration of the nanosystem was more efficient at preventing the progression of the disease into more severe states than the subcutaneous injection. We thus confirmed our hypothesis that the oral administration of our formulation has a stronger effect on alleviating the metabolic syndrome associated with NAFLD than the subcutaneous injection of the peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Domingues
- UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials Group, Avenue Emmanuel Mounier 73, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Cecilia Bohns Michalowski
- UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials Group, Avenue Emmanuel Mounier 73, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Valentina Marotti
- UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials Group, Avenue Emmanuel Mounier 73, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Wunan Zhang
- UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials Group, Avenue Emmanuel Mounier 73, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Matthias Van Hul
- UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Metabolism and Nutrition Group, Avenue Emmanuel Mounier 73, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; WELBIO (Walloon Excellence in Life sciences and BIOtechnology), WELBIO Department, WEL Research Institute, Avenue Pasteur, 6, 1300 Wavre, Belgium
| | - Patrice D Cani
- UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Metabolism and Nutrition Group, Avenue Emmanuel Mounier 73, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; WELBIO (Walloon Excellence in Life sciences and BIOtechnology), WELBIO Department, WEL Research Institute, Avenue Pasteur, 6, 1300 Wavre, Belgium
| | - Isabelle A Leclercq
- UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Laboratory of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Avenue Emmanuel Mounier 53, 1200 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Ana Beloqui
- UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials Group, Avenue Emmanuel Mounier 73, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; WELBIO (Walloon Excellence in Life sciences and BIOtechnology), WELBIO Department, WEL Research Institute, Avenue Pasteur, 6, 1300 Wavre, Belgium.
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64
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Zheng Q, Zhu M, Zeng X, Liu W, Fu F, Li X, Liao G, Lu Y, Chen Y. Comparison of Animal Models for the Study of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. J Transl Med 2023; 103:100129. [PMID: 36907553 DOI: 10.1016/j.labinv.2023.100129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most prevalent chronic liver diseases, and there is still no effective treatment for its advanced stage, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). An ideal animal model of NAFLD/NASH is urgently needed for preclinical studies. However, the models reported previously are quite heterogeneous due to differences in animal strains, feed formulations, evaluation indicators, etc. Here, we report five NAFLD mouse models we developed in previous studies and comprehensively compared their characteristics. The high-fat diet (HFD) model is time-consuming and is characterized by early insulin resistance and slight liver steatosis at 12 weeks. Still, inflammation and fibrosis are rare, even at 22 weeks. The high fat, high fructose, and high cholesterol diet (FFC) exacerbates glucose and lipid metabolism disorders, showing distinct hypercholesterolemia, steatosis, and mild inflammation at 12 w. An FFC diet combined with streptozotocin (STZ) is a novel model that speeds up the process of lobular inflammation and fibrosis. The STAM model also used a combination of FFC and STZ but employs newborn mice and shows the fastest formation of fibrosis nodules. The HFD model is appropriate for the study of early NAFLD. FFC combined with STZ accelerates the pathological process of NASH and may be the most promising model for NASH research and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHFPC; Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Min Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHFPC; Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Xin Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHFPC; Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Wen Liu
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Fudong Fu
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Guangneng Liao
- Animal experimental center of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Yanrong Lu
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHFPC; Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Younan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHFPC; Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China; Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China.
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65
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Abstract
The epidemic of obesity, type 2 diabetes and nonalcoholic liver disease (NAFLD) favors drug consumption, which augments the risk of adverse events including liver injury. For more than 30 years, a series of experimental and clinical investigations reported or suggested that the common pain reliever acetaminophen (APAP) could be more hepatotoxic in obesity and related metabolic diseases, at least after an overdose. Nonetheless, several investigations did not reproduce these data. This discrepancy might come from the extent of obesity and steatosis, accumulation of specific lipid species, mitochondrial dysfunction and diabetes-related parameters such as ketonemia and hyperglycemia. Among these factors, some of them seem pivotal for the induction of cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1), which favors the conversion of APAP to the toxic metabolite N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI). In contrast, other factors might explain why obesity and NAFLD are not always associated with more frequent or more severe APAP-induced acute hepatotoxicity, such as increased volume of distribution in the body, higher hepatic glucuronidation and reduced CYP3A4 activity. Accordingly, the occurrence and outcome of APAP-induced liver injury in an obese individual with NAFLD would depend on a delicate balance between metabolic factors that augment the generation of NAPQI and others that can mitigate hepatotoxicity.
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66
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Benegiamo G, von Alvensleben GV, Rodríguez-López S, Goeminne LJ, Bachmann AM, Morel JD, Broeckx E, Ma JY, Carreira V, Youssef SA, Azhar N, Reilly DF, D’Aquino K, Mullican S, Bou-Sleiman M, Auwerx J. The genetic background shapes the susceptibility to mitochondrial dysfunction and NASH progression. J Exp Med 2023; 220:213867. [PMID: 36787127 PMCID: PMC9960245 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20221738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a global health concern without treatment. The challenge in finding effective therapies is due to the lack of good mouse models and the complexity of the disease, characterized by gene-environment interactions. We tested the susceptibility of seven mouse strains to develop NASH. The severity of the clinical phenotypes observed varied widely across strains. PWK/PhJ mice were the most prone to develop hepatic inflammation and the only strain to progress to NASH with extensive fibrosis, while CAST/EiJ mice were completely resistant. Levels of mitochondrial transcripts and proteins as well as mitochondrial function were robustly reduced specifically in the liver of PWK/PhJ mice, suggesting a central role of mitochondrial dysfunction in NASH progression. Importantly, the NASH gene expression profile of PWK/PhJ mice had the highest overlap with the human NASH signature. Our study exposes the limitations of using a single mouse genetic background in metabolic studies and describes a novel NASH mouse model with features of the human NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Benegiamo
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland,Giorgia Benegiamo:
| | | | - Sandra Rodríguez-López
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ludger J.E. Goeminne
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alexis M. Bachmann
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jean-David Morel
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ellen Broeckx
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Raritan, NJ, USA
| | - Jing Ying Ma
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Raritan, NJ, USA
| | | | | | - Nabil Azhar
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Raritan, NJ, USA
| | | | | | | | - Maroun Bou-Sleiman
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland,Correspondence to Johan Auwerx:
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67
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Higgins CB, Adams JA, Ward MH, Greenberg ZJ, Milewska M, Sun J, Zhang Y, Chiquetto Paracatu L, Dong Q, Ballentine S, Li W, Wandzik I, Schuettpelz LG, DeBosch BJ. The tetraspanin transmembrane protein CD53 mediates dyslipidemia and integrates inflammatory and metabolic signaling in hepatocytes. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:102835. [PMID: 36581203 PMCID: PMC9900517 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetraspanins are transmembrane signaling and proinflammatory proteins. Prior work demonstrates that the tetraspanin, CD53/TSPAN25/MOX44, mediates B-cell development and lymphocyte migration to lymph nodes and is implicated in various inflammatory diseases. However, CD53 is also expressed in highly metabolic tissues, including adipose and liver; yet its function outside the lymphoid compartment is not defined. Here, we show that CD53 demarcates the nutritional and inflammatory status of hepatocytes. High-fat exposure and inflammatory stimuli induced CD53 in vivo in liver and isolated primary hepatocytes. In contrast, restricting hepatocyte glucose flux through hepatocyte glucose transporter 8 deletion or through trehalose treatment blocked CD53 induction in fat- and fructose-exposed contexts. Furthermore, germline CD53 deletion in vivo blocked Western diet-induced dyslipidemia and hepatic inflammatory transcriptomic activation. Surprisingly, metabolic protection in CD53 KO mice was more pronounced in the presence of an inciting inflammatory event. CD53 deletion attenuated tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced and fatty acid + lipopolysaccharide-induced cytokine gene expression and hepatocyte triglyceride accumulation in isolated murine hepatocytes. In vivo, CD53 deletion in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis diet-fed mice blocked peripheral adipose accumulation and adipose inflammation, insulin tolerance, and liver lipid accumulation. We then defined a stabilized and trehalase-resistant trehalose polymer that blocks hepatocyte CD53 expression in basal and over-fed contexts. The data suggest that CD53 integrates inflammatory and metabolic signals in response to hepatocyte nutritional status and that CD53 blockade may provide a means by which to attenuate pathophysiology in diseases that integrate overnutrition and inflammation, such as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra B Higgins
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Joshua A Adams
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Matthew H Ward
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Zev J Greenberg
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Małgorzata Milewska
- Biotechnology Center, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland; Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Jiameng Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Yiming Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | - Qian Dong
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Samuel Ballentine
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Weikai Li
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Ilona Wandzik
- Biotechnology Center, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland; Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Laura G Schuettpelz
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA; Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Brian J DeBosch
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA; Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA.
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Robinson AE, Binek A, Ramani K, Sundararaman N, Barbier-Torres L, Murray B, Venkatraman V, Kreimer S, Ardle AM, Noureddin M, Fernández-Ramos D, Lopitz-Otsoa F, Gutiérrez de Juan V, Millet O, Mato JM, Lu SC, Van Eyk JE. Hyperphosphorylation of hepatic proteome characterizes nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in S-adenosylmethionine deficiency. iScience 2023; 26:105987. [PMID: 36756374 PMCID: PMC9900401 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.105987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Methionine adenosyltransferase 1a (MAT1A) is responsible for hepatic S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAMe) biosynthesis. Mat1a -/- mice have hepatic SAMe depletion, develop nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) which is reversed with SAMe administration. We examined temporal alterations in the proteome/phosphoproteome in pre-disease and NASH Mat1a -/- mice, effects of SAMe administration, and compared to human nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Mitochondrial and peroxisomal lipid metabolism proteins were altered in pre-disease mice and persisted in NASH Mat1a -/- mice, which exhibited more progressive alterations in cytoplasmic ribosomes, ER, and nuclear proteins. A common mechanism found in both pre-disease and NASH livers was a hyperphosphorylation signature consistent with casein kinase 2α (CK2α) and AKT1 activation, which was normalized by SAMe administration. This was mimicked in human NAFLD with a metabolomic signature (M-subtype) resembling Mat1a -/- mice. In conclusion, we have identified a common proteome/phosphoproteome signature between Mat1a -/- mice and human NAFLD M-subtype that may have pathophysiological and therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron E. Robinson
- Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, The Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Advanced Health Sciences Pavilion, 127 S. San Vicente Blvd, Room 9302, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Aleksandra Binek
- Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, The Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Advanced Health Sciences Pavilion, 127 S. San Vicente Blvd, Room 9302, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Komal Ramani
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Davis Building, Room 2097, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Niveda Sundararaman
- Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, The Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Advanced Health Sciences Pavilion, 127 S. San Vicente Blvd, Room 9302, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Lucía Barbier-Torres
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Davis Building, Room 2097, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Ben Murray
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Davis Building, Room 2097, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Vidya Venkatraman
- Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, The Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Advanced Health Sciences Pavilion, 127 S. San Vicente Blvd, Room 9302, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Simion Kreimer
- Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, The Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Advanced Health Sciences Pavilion, 127 S. San Vicente Blvd, Room 9302, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Angela Mc Ardle
- Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, The Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Advanced Health Sciences Pavilion, 127 S. San Vicente Blvd, Room 9302, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Mazen Noureddin
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Davis Building, Room 2097, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - David Fernández-Ramos
- CIC bioGUNE, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Technology Park of Bizkaia, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Fernando Lopitz-Otsoa
- CIC bioGUNE, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Technology Park of Bizkaia, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Virginia Gutiérrez de Juan
- CIC bioGUNE, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Technology Park of Bizkaia, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Oscar Millet
- CIC bioGUNE, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Technology Park of Bizkaia, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - José M. Mato
- CIC bioGUNE, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Technology Park of Bizkaia, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Shelly C. Lu
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Davis Building, Room 2097, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Corresponding author
| | - Jennifer E. Van Eyk
- Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, The Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Advanced Health Sciences Pavilion, 127 S. San Vicente Blvd, Room 9302, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Corresponding author
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Yabut JM, Drucker DJ. Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor-based Therapeutics for Metabolic Liver Disease. Endocr Rev 2023; 44:14-32. [PMID: 35907261 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnac018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) controls islet hormone secretion, gut motility, and body weight, supporting development of GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity. GLP-1RA exhibit a favorable safety profile and reduce the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events in people with T2D. Considerable preclinical data, supported by the results of clinical trials, link therapy with GLP-RA to reduction of hepatic inflammation, steatosis, and fibrosis. Mechanistically, the actions of GLP-1 on the liver are primarily indirect, as hepatocytes, Kupffer cells, and stellate cells do not express the canonical GLP-1R. GLP-1RA reduce appetite and body weight, decrease postprandial lipoprotein secretion, and attenuate systemic and tissue inflammation, actions that may contribute to attenuation of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). Here we discuss evolving concepts of GLP-1 action that improve liver health and highlight evidence that links sustained GLP-1R activation in distinct cell types to control of hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism, and reduction of experimental and clinical nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The therapeutic potential of GLP-1RA alone, or in combination with peptide agonists, or new small molecule therapeutics is discussed in the context of potential efficacy and safety. Ongoing trials in people with obesity will further clarify the safety of GLP-1RA, and pivotal studies underway in people with NASH will define whether GLP-1-based medicines represent effective and safe therapies for people with MAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian M Yabut
- Department of Medicine, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mt. Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Daniel J Drucker
- Department of Medicine, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mt. Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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IL-1β neutralization prevents diastolic dysfunction development, but lacks hepatoprotective effect in an aged mouse model of NASH. Sci Rep 2023; 13:356. [PMID: 36611037 PMCID: PMC9825403 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26896-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is a key mediator of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a chronic liver disease, and of systemic inflammation-driven aging. IL-1β contributes to cardio-metabolic decline, and may promote hepatic oncogenic transformation. Therefore, IL-1β is a potential therapeutic target in these pathologies. We aimed to investigate the hepatic and cardiac effects of an IL-1β targeting monoclonal antibody in an aged mouse model of NASH. 24 months old male C57Bl/6J mice were fed with control or choline deficient (CDAA) diet and were treated with isotype control or anti-IL-1β Mab for 8 weeks. Cardiac functions were assessed by conventional-and 2D speckle tracking echocardiography. Liver samples were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR. Echocardiography revealed improved cardiac diastolic function in anti-IL-1β treated mice with NASH. Marked hepatic fibrosis developed in CDAA-fed group, but IL-1β inhibition affected fibrosis only at transcriptomic level. Hepatic inflammation was not affected by the IL-1β inhibitor. PCNA staining revealed intensive hepatocyte proliferation in CDAA-fed animals, which was not influenced by neutralization of IL-1β. IL-1β inhibition increased hepatic expression of Pd-1 and Ctla4, while Pd-l1 expression increased in NASH. In conclusion, IL-1β inhibition improved cardiac diastolic function, but did not ameliorate features of NASH; moreover, even promoted hepatic immune checkpoint expression, with concomitant NASH-related hepatocellular proliferation.
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71
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Castillo-Quan JI, Steinbaugh MJ, Fernández-Cárdenas LP, Pohl NK, Wu Z, Zhu F, Moroz N, Teixeira V, Bland MS, Lehrbach NJ, Moronetti L, Teufl M, Blackwell TK. An antisteatosis response regulated by oleic acid through lipid droplet-mediated ERAD enhancement. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadc8917. [PMID: 36598980 PMCID: PMC9812393 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adc8917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Although excessive lipid accumulation is a hallmark of obesity-related pathologies, some lipids are beneficial. Oleic acid (OA), the most abundant monounsaturated fatty acid (FA), promotes health and longevity. Here, we show that OA benefits Caenorhabditis elegans by activating the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident transcription factor SKN-1A (Nrf1/NFE2L1) in a lipid homeostasis response. SKN-1A/Nrf1 is cleared from the ER by the ER-associated degradation (ERAD) machinery and stabilized when proteasome activity is low and canonically maintains proteasome homeostasis. Unexpectedly, OA increases nuclear SKN-1A levels independently of proteasome activity, through lipid droplet-dependent enhancement of ERAD. In turn, SKN-1A reduces steatosis by reshaping the lipid metabolism transcriptome and mediates longevity from OA provided through endogenous accumulation, reduced H3K4 trimethylation, or dietary supplementation. Our findings reveal an unexpected mechanism of FA signal transduction, as well as a lipid homeostasis pathway that provides strategies for opposing steatosis and aging, and may mediate some benefits of the OA-rich Mediterranean diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Iván Castillo-Quan
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael J. Steinbaugh
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laura Paulette Fernández-Cárdenas
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nancy K. Pohl
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ziyun Wu
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Feimei Zhu
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Natalie Moroz
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Biology Department, Emmanuel College, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Veronica Teixeira
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Monet S. Bland
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicolas J. Lehrbach
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lorenza Moronetti
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Magdalena Teufl
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - T. Keith Blackwell
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Corresponding author.
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Yang AT, Kim YO, Yan XZ, Abe H, Aslam M, Park KS, Zhao XY, Jia JD, Klein T, You H, Schuppan D. Fibroblast Activation Protein Activates Macrophages and Promotes Parenchymal Liver Inflammation and Fibrosis. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 15:841-867. [PMID: 36521660 PMCID: PMC9972574 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2022.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is expressed on activated fibroblast. Its role in fibrosis and desmoplasia is controversial, and data on pharmacological FAP inhibition are lacking. We aimed to better define the role of FAP in liver fibrosis in vivo and in vitro. METHODS FAP expression was analyzed in mice and patients with fibrotic liver diseases of various etiologies. Fibrotic mice received a specific FAP inhibitor (FAPi) at 2 doses orally for 2 weeks during parenchymal fibrosis progression (6 weeks of carbon tetrachloride) and regression (2 weeks off carbon tetrachloride), and with biliary fibrosis (Mdr2-/-). Recombinant FAP was added to (co-)cultures of hepatic stellate cells (HSC), fibroblasts, and macrophages. Fibrosis- and inflammation-related parameters were determined biochemically, by quantitative immunohistochemistry, polymerase chain reaction, and transcriptomics. RESULTS FAP+ fibroblasts/HSCs were α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA)-negative and located at interfaces of fibrotic septa next to macrophages in murine and human livers. In parenchymal fibrosis, FAPi reduced collagen area, liver collagen content, α-SMA+ myofibroblasts, M2-type macrophages, serum alanine transaminase and aspartate aminotransferase, key fibrogenesis-related transcripts, and increased hepatocyte proliferation 10-fold. During regression, FAP was suppressed, and FAPi was ineffective. FAPi less potently inhibited biliary fibrosis. In vitro, FAP small interfering RNA reduced HSC α-SMA expression and collagen production, and FAPi suppressed their activation and proliferation. Compared with untreated macrophages, FAPi regulated macrophage profibrogenic activation and transcriptome, and their conditioned medium attenuated HSC activation, which was increased with addition of recombinant FAP. CONCLUSIONS Pharmacological FAP inhibition attenuates inflammation-predominant liver fibrosis. FAP is expressed on subsets of activated fibroblasts/HSC and promotes both macrophage and HSC profibrogenic activity in liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Ting Yang
- Institute of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany; Experimental and Translational Research Center, Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China; Beijing Clinical Medicine Institute, Beijing, P.R. China; National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Ook Kim
- Institute of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Xu-Zhen Yan
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China; Beijing Clinical Medicine Institute, Beijing, P.R. China; National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Hiroyuki Abe
- Institute of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Misbah Aslam
- Institute of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kyoung-Sook Park
- Institute of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Xin-Yan Zhao
- Liver Research Center, Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China; Beijing Clinical Medicine Institute, Beijing, P.R. China; National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Ji-Dong Jia
- Liver Research Center, Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China; Beijing Clinical Medicine Institute, Beijing, P.R. China; National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Thomas Klein
- Boehringer-Ingelheim, Cardiometabolic Research, Biberach, Germany
| | - Hong You
- Liver Research Center, Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China; National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Detlef Schuppan
- Institute of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany; Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany; Division of Gastroenterology Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School Boston, Boston, Massachusetts.
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73
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Wu S, Wang X, Xing W, Li F, Liang M, Li K, He Y, Wang J. An update on animal models of liver fibrosis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1160053. [PMID: 37035335 PMCID: PMC10076546 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1160053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of liver fibrosis primarily determines quality of life as well as prognosis. Animal models are often used to model and understand the underlying mechanisms of human disease. Although organoids can be used to simulate organ development and disease, the technology still faces significant challenges. Therefore animal models are still irreplaceable at this stage. Currently, in vivo models of liver fibrosis can be classified into five categories based on etiology: chemical, dietary, surgical, transgenic, and immune. There is a wide variety of animal models of liver fibrosis with varying efficacy, which have different implications for proper understanding of the disease and effective screening of therapeutic agents. There is no high-quality literature recommending the most appropriate animal models. In this paper, we will describe the progress of commonly used animal models of liver fibrosis in terms of their development mechanisms, applications, advantages and disadvantages, and recommend appropriate animal models for different research purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- ShuTing Wu
- Institute of Regenerative and Translational Medicine, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - XinXin Wang
- Institute of Regenerative and Translational Medicine, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - WenBo Xing
- Institute of Regenerative and Translational Medicine, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - FenYao Li
- Institute of Regenerative and Translational Medicine, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ming Liang
- Institute of Regenerative and Translational Medicine, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - KeShen Li
- Institute of Regenerative and Translational Medicine, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan He
- Institute of Regenerative and Translational Medicine, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Yan He,
| | - JianMing Wang
- Institute of Regenerative and Translational Medicine, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- JianMing Wang,
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Xu L, Li H, Zhang O, Zhang F, Song M, Ma M, Zhao Y, Ding R, Li D, Dong Z, Jin S, Han W, Ding C. Melatonin alleviates diet-induced steatohepatitis by targeting multiple cell types in the liver to suppress inflammation and fibrosis. J Mol Endocrinol 2023; 70:JME-22-0075. [PMID: 36356262 DOI: 10.1530/jme-22-0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a severe stage of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, is complex and implicates multiple cell interactions. However, therapies for NASH that target multiple cell interactions are still lacking. Melatonin (MEL) alleviates NASH with mechanisms not yet fully understood. Thus, we herein investigate the effects of MEL on key cell types involved in NASH, including hepatocytes, macrophages, and stellate cells. In a mouse NASH model with feeding of a methionine and choline-deficient (MCD) diet, MEL administration suppressed lipid accumulation and peroxidation, improved insulin sensitivity, and attenuated inflammation and fibrogenesis in the liver. Specifically, MEL reduced proinflammatory cytokine expression and inflammatory signal activation and attenuated CD11C+CD206- M1-like macrophage polarization in the liver of NASH mice. The reduction of proinflammatory response by MEL was also observed in the lipopolysaccharide-stimulated Raw264.7 cells. Additionally, MEL increased liver fatty acid β-oxidation, leading to reduced lipid accumulation, and restored the oleate-loaded primary hepatocytes. Finally, MEL attenuated hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation and fibrogenesis in the liver of MCD-fed mice and in LX-2 human HSCs. In conclusion, MEL acts on multiple cell types in the liver to mitigate NASH-associated phenotypes, supporting MEL or its analog as potential treatment for NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Xu
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haoran Li
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ouyang Zhang
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fengming Zhang
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Menghui Song
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mengchen Ma
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Youjuan Zhao
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Rongxiu Ding
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dandan Li
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhixiong Dong
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shengnan Jin
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weiping Han
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Chunming Ding
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Statins for the Treatment of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Am J Ther 2023; 30:e17-e25. [PMID: 36608070 DOI: 10.1097/mjt.0000000000001499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become more common as a result of changes in dietary structure and lifestyle. It is now the most common chronic liver disease both in China and in the rest of the world (NAFLD is also of concern in European and American countries). STUDY QUESTION NAFLD and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are different stages of fatty liver disease. There is currently a lack of consensus on the use of statin therapy. We conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy of statins in the treatment of NAFLD and NASH. DATA SOURCES PubMed, MEDLINE, and other literature databases, including the Cochrane Library, were searched. STUDY DESIGN The primary inclusion criteria for studies included the use of different statins for the treatment of NAFLD and NASH. Two reviewers identified documents and extracted data based on predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. To examine heterogeneity and publication bias, all analyses were undertaken using the complete meta-analysis Review Manager 5.3 software. RESULTS The meta-analysis includes 4 randomized controlled studies involving 169 participants with NAFLD and NASH. In comparison with the control group, statins dramatically lowered serum levels of aspartate transaminase, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), triglycerides, and cholesterol. CONCLUSIONS The use of statins in the treatment of NAFLD and NASH has shown significant histological and biochemical benefits, especially in patients with hyperlipidemia. To assess the effects of statins on NAFLD and NASH, more large research and randomized placebo-controlled trials are needed.
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76
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Fatty Liver Disease-Alcoholic and Non-Alcoholic: Similar but Different. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232416226. [PMID: 36555867 PMCID: PMC9783455 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In alcohol-induced liver disease (ALD) and in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), there are abnormal accumulations of fat in the liver. This phenomenon may be related to excessive alcohol consumption, as well as the combination of alcohol consumption and medications. There is an evolution from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis, fibrosis and cirrhosis leading to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Hepatic pathology is very similar regarding non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and ALD. Initially, there is lipid accumulation in parenchyma and progression to lobular inflammation. The morphological changes in the liver mitochondria, perivenular and perisinusoidal fibrosis, and hepatocellular ballooning, apoptosis and necrosis and accumulation of fibrosis may lead to the development of cirrhosis and HCC. Medical history of ethanol consumption, laboratory markers of chronic ethanol intake, AST/ALT ratio on the one hand and features of the metabolic syndrome on the other hand, may help in estimating the contribution of alcohol intake and the metabolic syndrome, respectively, to liver steatosis.
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Gallage S, Avila JEB, Ramadori P, Focaccia E, Rahbari M, Ali A, Malek NP, Anstee QM, Heikenwalder M. A researcher's guide to preclinical mouse NASH models. Nat Metab 2022; 4:1632-1649. [PMID: 36539621 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-022-00700-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its inflammatory form, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), have quickly risen to become the most prevalent chronic liver disease in the Western world and are risk factors for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HCC is not only one of the most common cancers but is also highly lethal. Nevertheless, there are currently no clinically approved drugs for NAFLD, and NASH-induced HCC poses a unique metabolic microenvironment that may influence responsiveness to certain treatments. Therefore, there is an urgent need to better understand the pathogenesis of this rampant disease to devise new therapies. In this line, preclinical mouse models are crucial tools to investigate mechanisms as well as novel treatment modalities during the pathogenesis of NASH and subsequent HCC in preparation for human clinical trials. Although, there are numerous genetically induced, diet-induced and toxin-induced models of NASH, not all of these models faithfully phenocopy and mirror the human pathology very well. In this Perspective, we shed some light onto the most widely used mouse models of NASH and highlight some of the key advantages and disadvantages of the various models with an emphasis on 'Western diets', which are increasingly recognized as some of the best models in recapitulating the human NASH pathology and comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchira Gallage
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
- The M3 Research Institute, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Jose Efren Barragan Avila
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pierluigi Ramadori
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Enrico Focaccia
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mohammad Rahbari
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Adnan Ali
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nisar P Malek
- The M3 Research Institute, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- Department Internal Medicine I, Eberhard-Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Quentin M Anstee
- Newcastle NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Mathias Heikenwalder
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
- The M3 Research Institute, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
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78
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Fraser DA, Harrison SA, Schuppan D. Icosabutate: targeting metabolic and inflammatory pathways for the treatment of NASH. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2022; 31:1269-1278. [PMID: 36527256 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2022.2159804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Via pleiotropic targeting of membrane and nuclear fatty acid receptors regulating key metabolic and inflammatory pathways in the liver, long-chain omega-3 fatty acids could offer a unique therapeutic approach for the treatment of metabolic-inflammatory diseases such as NASH. However, they lack efficacy for the treatment of NASH, likely due to unfavorable distribution, metabolism, and susceptibility to peroxidation. AREAS COVERED Structurally engineered fatty acids (SEFAs), as exemplified by icosabutate, circumvent the inherent limitations of unmodified long-chain fatty acids, and demonstrate markedly enhanced pharmacodynamic effects without sacrificing safety and tolerability. We cover icosabutate's structural modifications, their rationale and the fatty acid receptor and pathway targeting profile. We also provide an overview of the clinical data to date, including interim data from a Phase 2b trial in NASH subjects. EXPERT OPINION Ideally, candidate drugs for NASH and associated liver fibrosis should be pleiotropic in mechanism and work upstream on multiple drivers of NASH, including lipotoxic lipid species, oxidative stress, and key modulators of inflammation, liver cell injury, and fibrosis. Icosabutate has demonstrated the ability to target these pathways in preclinical NASH models with interim data from the ICONA trial supporting, at least noninvasively, the clinical translation of highly promising pre-clinical data.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephen A Harrison
- NorthSea Therapeutics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford UK
| | - Detlef Schuppan
- Institute of Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immune Therapy, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany.,Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
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79
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Xu M, Tan J, Zhu L, Ge C, Dong W, Dai X, Kuang Q, Zhong S, Lai L, Yi C, Li Q, Lou D, Hu L, Liu X, Kuang G, Luo J, Feng J, Wang B. The deubiquitinating enzyme 13 retards non-alcoholic steatohepatitis via blocking inactive rhomboid protein 2-dependent pathway. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 13:1071-1092. [PMID: 36970206 PMCID: PMC10031279 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays potential preclinical drugs for the treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) have failed to achieve expected therapeutic efficacy because the pathogenic mechanisms are underestimated. Inactive rhomboid protein 2 (IRHOM2), a promising target for treatment of inflammation-related diseases, contributes to deregulated hepatocyte metabolism-associated nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) progression. However, the molecular mechanism underlying Irhom2 regulation is still not completely understood. In this work, we identify the ubiquitin-specific protease 13 (USP13) as a critical and novel endogenous blocker of IRHOM2, and we also indicate that USP13 is an IRHOM2-interacting protein that catalyzes deubiquitination of Irhom2 in hepatocytes. Hepatocyte-specific loss of the Usp13 disrupts liver metabolic homeostasis, followed by glycometabolic disorder, lipid deposition, increased inflammation, and markedly promotes NASH development. Conversely, transgenic mice with Usp13 overexpression, lentivirus (LV)- or adeno-associated virus (AAV)-driven Usp13 gene therapeutics mitigates NASH in 3 models of rodent. Mechanistically, in response to metabolic stresses, USP13 directly interacts with IRHOM2 and removes its K63-linked ubiquitination induced by ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2N (UBC13), a ubiquitin E2 conjugating enzyme, and thus prevents its activation of downstream cascade pathway. USP13 is a potential treatment target for NASH therapy by targeting the Irhom2 signaling pathway.
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80
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Zimmermann T, Thomas L, Baader-Pagler T, Haebel P, Simon E, Reindl W, Bajrami B, Rist W, Uphues I, Drucker DJ, Klein H, Santhanam R, Hamprecht D, Neubauer H, Augustin R. BI 456906: Discovery and preclinical pharmacology of a novel GCGR/GLP-1R dual agonist with robust anti-obesity efficacy. Mol Metab 2022; 66:101633. [PMID: 36356832 PMCID: PMC9679702 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity and its associated comorbidities represent a global health challenge with a need for well-tolerated, effective, and mechanistically diverse pharmaceutical interventions. Oxyntomodulin is a gut peptide that activates the glucagon receptor (GCGR) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) and reduces bodyweight by increasing energy expenditure and reducing energy intake in humans. Here we describe the pharmacological profile of the novel glucagon receptor (GCGR)/GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) dual agonist BI 456906. METHODS BI 456906 was characterized using cell-based in vitro assays to determine functional agonism. In vivo pharmacological studies were performed using acute and subchronic dosing regimens to demonstrate target engagement for the GCGR and GLP-1R, and weight lowering efficacy. RESULTS BI 456906 is a potent, acylated peptide containing a C18 fatty acid as a half-life extending principle to support once-weekly dosing in humans. Pharmacological doses of BI 456906 provided greater bodyweight reductions in mice compared with maximally effective doses of the GLP-1R agonist semaglutide. BI 456906's superior efficacy is the consequence of increased energy expenditure and reduced food intake. Engagement of both receptors in vivo was demonstrated via glucose tolerance, food intake, and gastric emptying tests for the GLP-1R, and liver nicotinamide N-methyltransferase mRNA expression and circulating biomarkers (amino acids, fibroblast growth factor-21) for the GCGR. The dual activity of BI 456906 at the GLP-1R and GCGR was supported using GLP-1R knockout and transgenic reporter mice, and an ex vivo bioactivity assay. CONCLUSIONS BI 456906 is a potent GCGR/GLP-1R dual agonist with robust anti-obesity efficacy achieved by increasing energy expenditure and decreasing food intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Zimmermann
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, 88400 Biberach an der Riβ, Germany.
| | - Leo Thomas
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, 88400 Biberach an der Riβ, Germany.
| | - Tamara Baader-Pagler
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, 88400 Biberach an der Riβ, Germany.
| | - Peter Haebel
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, 88400 Biberach an der Riβ, Germany.
| | - Eric Simon
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, 88400 Biberach an der Riβ, Germany.
| | - Wolfgang Reindl
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, 88400 Biberach an der Riβ, Germany.
| | - Besnik Bajrami
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, 88400 Biberach an der Riβ, Germany.
| | - Wolfgang Rist
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, 88400 Biberach an der Riβ, Germany.
| | - Ingo Uphues
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, 88400 Biberach an der Riβ, Germany.
| | - Daniel J Drucker
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, University of Toronto, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada.
| | - Holger Klein
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, 88400 Biberach an der Riβ, Germany.
| | - Rakesh Santhanam
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, 88400 Biberach an der Riβ, Germany.
| | - Dieter Hamprecht
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, 88400 Biberach an der Riβ, Germany; Boehringer Ingelheim Research Italia, Via Lorenzini 8, 20139 Milano, Italy.
| | - Heike Neubauer
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, 88400 Biberach an der Riβ, Germany.
| | - Robert Augustin
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, 88400 Biberach an der Riβ, Germany.
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81
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Choi CHJ, Barr W, Zaman S, Model C, Park A, Koenen M, Lin Z, Szwed SK, Marchildon F, Crane A, Carroll TS, Molina H, Cohen P. LRG1 is an adipokine that promotes insulin sensitivity and suppresses inflammation. eLife 2022; 11:e81559. [PMID: 36346018 PMCID: PMC9674348 DOI: 10.7554/elife.81559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
While dysregulation of adipocyte endocrine function plays a central role in obesity and its complications, the vast majority of adipokines remain uncharacterized. We employed bio-orthogonal non-canonical amino acid tagging (BONCAT) and mass spectrometry to comprehensively characterize the secretome of murine visceral and subcutaneous white and interscapular brown adip ocytes. Over 600 proteins were identified, the majority of which showed cell type-specific enrichment. We here describe a metabolic role for leucine-rich α-2 glycoprotein 1 (LRG1) as an obesity-regulated adipokine secreted by mature adipocytes. LRG1 overexpression significantly improved glucose homeostasis in diet-induced and genetically obese mice. This was associated with markedly reduced white adipose tissue macrophage accumulation and systemic inflammation. Mechanistically, we found LRG1 binds cytochrome c in circulation to dampen its pro-inflammatory effect. These data support a new role for LRG1 as an insulin sensitizer with therapeutic potential given its immunomodulatory function at the nexus of obesity, inflammation, and associated pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Hee J Choi
- Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan Kettering Tri-Institutional MD-PhD ProgramNew YorkUnited States
- Laboratory of Molecular Metabolism, Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - William Barr
- Laboratory of Molecular Metabolism, Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Samir Zaman
- Laboratory of Molecular Metabolism, Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Corey Model
- Laboratory of Molecular Metabolism, Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Annsea Park
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale UniversityNew HavenUnited States
| | - Mascha Koenen
- Laboratory of Molecular Metabolism, Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Zeran Lin
- Laboratory of Molecular Metabolism, Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Sarah K Szwed
- Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan Kettering Tri-Institutional MD-PhD ProgramNew YorkUnited States
- Laboratory of Molecular Metabolism, Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Francois Marchildon
- Laboratory of Molecular Metabolism, Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Audrey Crane
- Laboratory of Molecular Metabolism, Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Thomas S Carroll
- Bioinformatics Resouce Center, Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Henrik Molina
- Proteomics Resource Center, Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Paul Cohen
- Laboratory of Molecular Metabolism, Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkUnited States
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82
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Park Y, Thadasina D, Bolujo I, Isidan A, Cross-Najafi AA, Lopez K, Li P, Dahlem AM, Kennedy L, Sato K, Francis H, Alpini G, Zhang W, Ekser B. Three-Dimensional Organoids as a Model to Study Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Semin Liver Dis 2022; 42:423-433. [PMID: 36044928 DOI: 10.1055/a-1934-5588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Despite the rising prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the underlying disease pathophysiology remains unclear. There is a great need for an efficient and reliable "human" in vitro model to study NAFLD and the progression to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which will soon become the leading indication for liver transplantation. Here, we review the recent developments in the use of three-dimensional (3D) liver organoids as a model to study NAFLD and NASH pathophysiology and possible treatments. Various techniques that are currently used to make liver organoids are discussed, such as the use of induced pluripotent stem cells versus primary cell lines and human versus murine cells. Moreover, methods for inducing lipid droplet accumulation and fibrosis to model NAFLD are explored. Finally, the limitations specific to the 3D organoid model for NAFLD/NASH are reviewed, highlighting the need for further development of multilineage models to include hepatic nonparenchymal cells and immune cells. The ultimate goal is to be able to accurately recapitulate the complex liver microenvironment in which NAFLD develops and progresses to NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujin Park
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Deepthi Thadasina
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Ifeoluwa Bolujo
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Abdulkadir Isidan
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Arthur A Cross-Najafi
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Kevin Lopez
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Andrew M Dahlem
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Lindsey Kennedy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, and Division of Research, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Keisaku Sato
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, and Division of Research, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Heather Francis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, and Division of Research, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Gianfranco Alpini
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, and Division of Research, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Burcin Ekser
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
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83
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Phung HH, Lee CH. Mouse models of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and their application to new drug development. Arch Pharm Res 2022; 45:761-794. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-022-01410-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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84
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Banerjee R, Purhonen J, Kallijärvi J. The mitochondrial coenzyme Q junction and complex III: biochemistry and pathophysiology. FEBS J 2022; 289:6936-6958. [PMID: 34428349 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (CoQ, ubiquinone) is the electron-carrying lipid in the mitochondrial electron transport system (ETS). In mammals, it serves as the electron acceptor for nine mitochondrial inner membrane dehydrogenases. These include the NADH dehydrogenase (complex I, CI) and succinate dehydrogenase (complex II, CII) but also several others that are often omitted in the context of respiratory enzymes: dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, choline dehydrogenase, electron-transferring flavoprotein dehydrogenase, mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, proline dehydrogenases 1 and 2, and sulfide:quinone oxidoreductase. The metabolic pathways these enzymes are involved in range from amino acid and fatty acid oxidation to nucleotide biosynthesis, methylation, and hydrogen sulfide detoxification, among many others. The CoQ-linked metabolism depends on CoQ reoxidation by the mitochondrial complex III (cytochrome bc1 complex, CIII). However, the literature is surprisingly limited as for the role of the CoQ-linked metabolism in the pathogenesis of human diseases of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), in which the CoQ homeostasis is directly or indirectly affected. In this review, we give an introduction to CIII function, and an overview of the pathological consequences of CIII dysfunction in humans and mice and of the CoQ-dependent metabolic processes potentially affected in these pathological states. Finally, we discuss some experimental tools to dissect the various aspects of compromised CoQ oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishi Banerjee
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.,Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Janne Purhonen
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.,Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jukka Kallijärvi
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.,Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
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85
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Tryndyak VP, Willett RA, Avigan MI, Sanyal AJ, Beland FA, Rusyn I, Pogribny IP. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease-associated DNA methylation and gene expression alterations in the livers of Collaborative Cross mice fed an obesogenic high-fat and high-sucrose diet. Epigenetics 2022; 17:1462-1476. [PMID: 35324388 PMCID: PMC9586642 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2022.2043590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a highly prevalent chronic liver disease, and patient susceptibility to its onset and progression is influenced by several factors. In this study, we investigated whether altered hepatic DNA methylation in liver tissue correlates with the degree of severity of NAFLD-like liver injury induced by a high-fat and high-sucrose (HF/HS) diet in Collaborative Cross (CC) mice. Using genome-wide targeted bisulphite DNA methylation next-generation sequencing, we found that mice with different non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) phenotypes could be distinguished by changes in hepatic DNA methylation profiles. Specifically, NAFL-prone male CC042 mice exhibited more prominent DNA methylation changes compared with male CC011 mice and female CC011 and CC042 mice that developed only a mild NAFL phenotype. Moreover, these mouse strains demonstrated different patterns of DNA methylation. While the HF/HS diet induced both DNA hypomethylation and DNA hypermethylation changes in all the mouse strains, the NAFL-prone male CC042 mice demonstrated a global predominance of DNA hypermethylation, whereas a more pronounced DNA hypomethylation pattern developed in the mild-NAFL phenotypic mice. In a targeted analysis of selected genes that contain differentially methylated regions (DMRs), we identified NAFL phenotype-associated differences in DNA methylation and gene expression of the Apoa4, Gls2, and Apom genes in severe NAFL-prone mice but not in mice with mild NAFL phenotypes. These changes in the expression of Apoa4 and Gls2 coincided with similar findings in a human in vitro cell model of diet-induced steatosis and in patients with NAFL. These results suggest that changes in the expression and DNA methylation status of these three genes may serve as a set of predictive markers for the development of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volodymyr P. Tryndyak
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, FDA-National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas, USA
| | - Rose A. Willett
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, FDA-National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas, USA
| | - Mark I. Avigan
- Office of Pharmacovigilance and Epidemiology, FDA-Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Arun J. Sanyal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Frederick A. Beland
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, FDA-National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas, USA
| | - Ivan Rusyn
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&m University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Igor P. Pogribny
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, FDA-National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas, USA
- CONTACT Igor P. Pogribny Division of Biochemical Toxicology , FDA-National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas, USA
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86
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Wang MY, Wang ZX, Huang LJ, Yang RX, Zou ZY, Ge WS, Ren TY, Fan JG. Premorbid Steatohepatitis Increases the Seriousness of Dextran Sulfate Sodium-induced Ulcerative Colitis in Mice. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2022; 10:847-859. [PMID: 36304494 PMCID: PMC9547267 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2021.00315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The concurrence of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and ulcerative colitis (UC) is increasingly seen in clinical practice, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to develop a mouse model of the phenomenon by combining high-fat high-cholesterol diet (HFHCD)-induced NASH and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced UC, that would support mechanistic studies. METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to two groups receiving either a chow diet or HFHCD for 12 weeks of NASH modeling. The mice were the divided into four subgroups for UC modeling: (1) A control group given a chow diet with normal drinking water; (2) A colitis group given chow diet with 2% DSS in drinking water; (3) A steatohepatitis group given HFHCD with normal drinking water; and (4) A steatohepatitis + colitis group given HFHCD with 2% DSS in drinking water. RESULTS NASH plus UC had high mortality (58.3%). Neither NASH nor UC alone were fatal. Although DSS-induced colitis did not exacerbate histological liver injury in HFHCD-fed mice, premorbid NASH significantly increased UC-related gut injury compared with UC alone. It was characterized by a significantly shorter colon, more colonic congestion, and a higher histopathological score (p<0.05). Inflammatory (tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin 1 beta, C-C motif chemokine ligand 2, and nuclear factor kappa B) and apoptotic (Bcl2, Bad, Bim, and Bax) signaling pathways were significantly altered in distal colon tissues collected from mice with steatohepatitis + colitis compared with the other experimental groups. CONCLUSIONS Premorbid steatohepatitis significantly aggravated DSS-induced colitis and brought about a lethal phenotype. Potential links between NASH and UC pathogeneses can be investigated using this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Yu Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zi-Xuan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei-Jie Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui-Xu Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zi-Yuan Zou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Song Ge
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian-Yi Ren
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Correspondence to: Jian-Gao Fan, Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Lab of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai 200092, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8618-6402. Tel: +86-21-25077340, E-mail: ; Tian-Yi Ren, Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0844-7072. Tel: +86-18204314931, E-mail:
| | - Jian-Gao Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Lab of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China
- Correspondence to: Jian-Gao Fan, Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Lab of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai 200092, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8618-6402. Tel: +86-21-25077340, E-mail: ; Tian-Yi Ren, Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0844-7072. Tel: +86-18204314931, E-mail:
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87
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Hepatocyte phosphatase DUSP22 mitigates NASH-HCC progression by targeting FAK. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5945. [PMID: 36209205 PMCID: PMC9547917 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33493-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a common clinical disease, is becoming a leading cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Dual specificity phosphatase 22 (DUSP22, also known as JKAP or JSP-1) expressed in numerous tissues plays essential biological functions in immune responses and tumor growth. However, the effects of DUSP22 on NASH still remain unknown. Here, we find a significant decrease of DUSP22 expression in human and murine fatty liver, which is mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Hepatic-specific DUSP22 deletion particularly exacerbates lipid deposition, inflammatory response and fibrosis in liver, facilitating NASH and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)-associated HCC progression. In contrast, transgenic over-expression, lentivirus or adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated DUSP22 gene therapy substantially inhibit NASH-related phenotypes and HCC development in mice. We provide mechanistic evidence that DUSP22 directly interacts with focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and restrains its phosphorylation at Tyr397 (Y397) and Y576 + Y577 residues, subsequently prohibiting downstream activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) cascades. The binding of DUSP22 to FAK and the dephosphorylation of FAK are indispensable for DUSP22-meliorated NASH progression. Collectively, our findings identify DUSP22 as a key suppressor of NASH-HCC, and underscore the DUSP22-FAK axis as a promising therapeutic target for treatment of the disease.
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88
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Fernández-Ramos D, Lopitz-Otsoa F, Millet O, Alonso C, Lu SC, Mato JM. One Carbon Metabolism and S-Adenosylmethionine in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Pathogenesis and Subtypes. LIVERS 2022; 2:243-257. [PMID: 37123053 PMCID: PMC10137169 DOI: 10.3390/livers2040020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
One carbon metabolism (1CM) can be defined as the transfer of a carbon unit from one metabolite to another and its replenishment by different sources of labile methyl-group nutrients: primarily choline, methionine, betaine, and serine. This flow of carbon units allows the biosynthesis of nucleotides, amino acids, formylated methionyl-tRNA, polyamines, glutathione, phospholipids, detoxification reactions, maintenance of the redox status and the concentration of NAD, and methylation reactions including epigenetic modifications. That is, 1CM functions as a nutrient sensor and integrator of cellular metabolism. A critical process in 1CM is the synthesis of S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe), the source of essentially all the hundreds of millions of daily methyl transfer reactions in a cell. This versatility of SAMe imposes a tight control in its synthesis and catabolism. Much of our knowledge concerning 1CM has been gained from studies in the production and prevention of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Here, we discuss in detail the function of the most important enzymes for their quantitative contribution to maintaining the flux of carbon units through 1CM in the liver and discuss how alterations in their enzymatic activity contribute to the development of NAFLD. Next, we discuss NAFLD subtypes based on serum lipidomic profiles with different risk of cardiovascular disease. Among the latter, we highlight the so-called subtype A for its serum lipidomic profile phenocopying that of mice deficient in SAMe synthesis and because its high frequency (about 50% of the NAFLD patients).
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Affiliation(s)
- David Fernández-Ramos
- Precision Medicine and Metabolism Laboratory, CIC bioGUNE, BRTA, CIBERehd, Technology Park of Bizkaia, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Fernando Lopitz-Otsoa
- Precision Medicine and Metabolism Laboratory, CIC bioGUNE, BRTA, CIBERehd, Technology Park of Bizkaia, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Oscar Millet
- Precision Medicine and Metabolism Laboratory, CIC bioGUNE, BRTA, CIBERehd, Technology Park of Bizkaia, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Cristina Alonso
- OWL Metabolomics, Technology Park of Bizkaia, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Shelly C. Lu
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - José M. Mato
- Precision Medicine and Metabolism Laboratory, CIC bioGUNE, BRTA, CIBERehd, Technology Park of Bizkaia, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-944-061300; Fax: +34-944-0611301
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89
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Karl M, Hasselwander S, Zhou Y, Reifenberg G, Kim YO, Park KS, Ridder DA, Wang X, Seidel E, Hövelmeyer N, Straub BK, Li H, Schuppan D, Xia N. Dual roles of B lymphocytes in mouse models of diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatology 2022; 76:1135-1149. [PMID: 35218234 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Growing evidence suggests an important role of B cells in the development of NAFLD. However, a detailed functional analysis of B cell subsets in NAFLD pathogenesis is lacking. APPROACH AND RESULTS In wild-type mice, 21 weeks of high fat diet (HFD) feeding resulted in NAFLD with massive macrovesicular steatosis, modest hepatic and adipose tissue inflammation, insulin resistance, and incipient fibrosis. Remarkably, Bnull (JHT) mice were partially protected whereas B cell harboring but antibody-deficient IgMi mice were completely protected from the development of hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis. The common feature of JHT and IgMi mice is that they do not secrete antibodies, whereas HFD feeding in wild-type mice led to increased levels of serum IgG2c. Whereas JHT mice have no B cells at all, regulatory B cells were found in the liver of both wild-type and IgMi mice. HFD reduced the number of regulatory B cells and IL-10 production in the liver of wild-type mice, whereas these increased in IgMi mice. Livers of patients with advanced liver fibrosis showed abundant deposition of IgG and stromal B cells and low numbers of IL-10 expressing cells, compatible with our experimental data. CONCLUSIONS B lymphocytes have both detrimental and protective effects in HFD-induced NAFLD. The lack of secreted pathogenic antibodies protects partially from NAFLD, whereas the presence of certain B cell subsets provides additional protection. IL-10-producing regulatory B cells may represent such a protective B cell subset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Karl
- Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Solveig Hasselwander
- Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Yawen Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Gisela Reifenberg
- Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Yong Ook Kim
- Institute of Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immunotherapy, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kyoung-Sook Park
- Institute of Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immunotherapy, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Dirk A Ridder
- Institute of Pathology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Institute of Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immunotherapy, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany.,Department of Basic Medicine, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, China
| | - Eric Seidel
- Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Nadine Hövelmeyer
- Institute for Molecular Medicine and Research Center for Immunotherapy, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Beate K Straub
- Institute of Pathology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Huige Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Detlef Schuppan
- Institute of Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immunotherapy, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany.,Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ning Xia
- Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
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90
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Heredia JE, Sorenson C, Flanagan S, Nunez V, Jones C, Martzall A, Leong L, Martinez AP, Scherl A, Brightbill HD, Ghilardi N, Ding N. IL-23 signaling is not an important driver of liver inflammation and fibrosis in murine non-alcoholic steatohepatitis models. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274582. [PMID: 36107926 PMCID: PMC9477333 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), represents an unmet medical need that can progress to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which, without intervention, can result in the development of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Inflammation is a pathological hallmark of NASH, and targeting key inflammatory mediators of NASH may lead to potential therapeutics for the disease. Herein, we aimed to investigate the role of IL-23 signaling in NASH progression in murine models. We showed that recombinant IL-23 can promote IL-17 producing cell expansion in the liver and that these cells are predominately γδ T cells and Mucosal Associated Invariant T cells (MAITs). Reciprocally, we found that IL-23 signaling is necessary for the expansion of γδ T cells and MAIT cells in the western diet (WD) diet induced NASH model. However, we did not observe any significant differences in liver inflammation and fibrosis between wild type and Il23r-/- mice in the same NASH model. Furthermore, we found that Il23r deletion does not impact liver inflammation and fibrosis in the choline-deficient, L-amino acid-defined and high-fat diet (CDA-HFD) induced NASH model. Based on these findings, we therefore propose that IL-23 signaling is not necessary for NASH pathogenesis in preclinical models and targeting this pathway alone may not be an effective therapeutic approach to ameliorate the disease progression in NASH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose E. Heredia
- Department of Discovery Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Clara Sorenson
- Department of Pathology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Sean Flanagan
- Department of Pathology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Victor Nunez
- Department of Pathology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Charles Jones
- Department of Pathology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Angela Martzall
- Department of Pathology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Laurie Leong
- Department of Pathology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Andres Paler Martinez
- Department of Discovery Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Alexis Scherl
- Department of Pathology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Hans D. Brightbill
- Department of Translational Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Nico Ghilardi
- Department of Discovery Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Ning Ding
- Department of Discovery Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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91
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Kabbani M, Michailidis E, Steensels S, Fulmer CG, Luna JM, Le Pen J, Tardelli M, Razooky B, Ricardo-Lax I, Zou C, Zeck B, Stenzel AF, Quirk C, Foquet L, Ashbrook AW, Schneider WM, Belkaya S, Lalazar G, Liang Y, Pittman M, Devisscher L, Suemizu H, Theise ND, Chiriboga L, Cohen DE, Copenhaver R, Grompe M, Meuleman P, Ersoy BA, Rice CM, de Jong YP. Human hepatocyte PNPLA3-148M exacerbates rapid non-alcoholic fatty liver disease development in chimeric mice. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111321. [PMID: 36103835 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a rapidly emerging global health problem associated with pre-disposing genetic polymorphisms, most strikingly an isoleucine to methionine substitution in patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 (PNPLA3-I148M). Here, we study how human hepatocytes with PNPLA3 148I and 148M variants engrafted in the livers of broadly immunodeficient chimeric mice respond to hypercaloric diets. As early as four weeks, mice developed dyslipidemia, impaired glucose tolerance, and steatosis with ballooning degeneration selectively in the human graft, followed by pericellular fibrosis after eight weeks of hypercaloric feeding. Hepatocytes with the PNPLA3-148M variant, either from a homozygous 148M donor or overexpressed in a 148I donor background, developed microvesicular and severe steatosis with frequent ballooning degeneration, resulting in more active steatohepatitis than 148I hepatocytes. We conclude that PNPLA3-148M in human hepatocytes exacerbates NAFLD. These models will facilitate mechanistic studies into human genetic variant contributions to advanced fatty liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Kabbani
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Eleftherios Michailidis
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Sandra Steensels
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 413 East 69th Street, BB626, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Clifton G Fulmer
- Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA; Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Joseph M Luna
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jérémie Le Pen
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Matteo Tardelli
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 413 East 69th Street, BB626, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Brandon Razooky
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Inna Ricardo-Lax
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Chenhui Zou
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 413 East 69th Street, BB626, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Briana Zeck
- Department of Pathology, NYU Langone, New York, NY 10028, USA
| | - Ansgar F Stenzel
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Corrine Quirk
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | - Alison W Ashbrook
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - William M Schneider
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Serkan Belkaya
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Gadi Lalazar
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 413 East 69th Street, BB626, New York, NY 10065, USA; Laboratory of Cellular Biophysics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yupu Liang
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Meredith Pittman
- Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Lindsey Devisscher
- Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, Gut-Liver Immunopharmacology Unit, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Neil D Theise
- Department of Pathology, NYU Langone, New York, NY 10028, USA
| | - Luis Chiriboga
- Department of Pathology, NYU Langone, New York, NY 10028, USA
| | - David E Cohen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 413 East 69th Street, BB626, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | - Markus Grompe
- Yecuris Corporation, Tualatin, OR 97062, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Stem Cell Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Philip Meuleman
- Laboratory of Liver Infectious Diseases, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Baran A Ersoy
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 413 East 69th Street, BB626, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Charles M Rice
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ype P de Jong
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 413 East 69th Street, BB626, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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92
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Liu T, Xu G, Liang L, Xiao X, Zhao Y, Bai Z. Pharmacological effects of Chinese medicine modulating NLRP3 inflammasomes in fatty liver treatment. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:967594. [PMID: 36160411 PMCID: PMC9492967 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.967594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a key contributing factor in the pathogenesis of fatty liver diseases (FLD), such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and alcohol-associated liver diseases (ALDs). The NLRP3 inflammasome is widely present in the hepatic parenchymal and non-parenchymal cells, which are assembled and activated by sensing intracellular and extracellular danger signals resulting in the matures of IL-1β/IL-18 and pyroptosis. Moreover, the aberrant activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome is considered the main factor to drives immune outbreaks in relation to hepatic injury, inflammation, steatosis, and fibrosis. Therefore, inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome may be a promising therapeutic target for FLD. Currently, accumulating evidence has revealed that a number of traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) exert beneficial effects on liver injury via inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Here, we summarized the mechanism of NLRP3 inflammasomes in the progression of FLD, and TCM exerts beneficial effects on FLD via positive modulation of inflammation. We describe that TCM is a promising valuable resource for the prevention and treatment agents against FLD and has the potential to be developed into clinical drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Liu
- Senior Department of Hepatology, Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Military Institute of Chinese Materia, Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Zunyi), Guizhou, China
| | - Guang Xu
- Military Institute of Chinese Materia, Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhaofang Bai, ; Guang Xu, ; Yanling Zhao,
| | - Longxin Liang
- Senior Department of Hepatology, Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohe Xiao
- Senior Department of Hepatology, Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yanling Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhaofang Bai, ; Guang Xu, ; Yanling Zhao,
| | - Zhaofang Bai
- Senior Department of Hepatology, Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Military Institute of Chinese Materia, Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhaofang Bai, ; Guang Xu, ; Yanling Zhao,
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93
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Wabitsch S, McCallen JD, Kamenyeva O, Ruf B, McVey JC, Kabat J, Walz JS, Rotman Y, Bauer KC, Craig AJ, Pouzolles M, Phadke I, Catania V, Green BL, Fu C, Diggs LP, Heinrich B, Wang XW, Ma C, Greten TF. Metformin treatment rescues CD8 + T-cell response to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy in mice with NAFLD. J Hepatol 2022; 77:748-760. [PMID: 35378172 PMCID: PMC9391315 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2022.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) represents the fastest growing underlying cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and has been shown to impact immune effector cell function. The standard of care for the treatment of advanced HCC is immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy, yet NASH may negatively affect the efficacy of ICI therapy in HCC. The immunologic mechanisms underlying the impact of NASH on ICI therapy remain unclear. METHODS Herein, using multiple murine NASH models, we analysed the influence of NASH on the CD8+ T-cell-dependent anti-PD-1 responses against liver cancer. We characterised CD8+ T cells' transcriptomic, functional, and motility changes in mice receiving a normal diet (ND) or a NASH diet. RESULTS NASH blunted the effect of anti-PD-1 therapy against liver cancers in multiple murine models. NASH caused a proinflammatory phenotypic change of hepatic CD8+ T cells. Transcriptomic analysis revealed changes related to NASH-dependent impairment of hepatic CD8+ T-cell metabolism. In vivo imaging analysis showed reduced motility of intratumoural CD8+ T cells. Metformin treatment rescued the efficacy of anti-PD-1 therapy against liver tumours in NASH. CONCLUSIONS We discovered that CD8+ T-cell metabolism is critically altered in the context of NASH-related liver cancer, impacting the effectiveness of ICI therapy - a finding which has therapeutic implications in patients with NASH-related liver cancer. LAY SUMMARY Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis represents the fastest growing cause of hepatocellular carcinoma. It is also associated with reduced efficacy of immunotherapy, which is the standard of care for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Herein, we show that non-alcoholic steatohepatitis is associated with impaired motility, metabolic function, and response to anti-PD-1 treatment in hepatic CD8+ T cells, which can be rescued by metformin treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Wabitsch
- Gastrointestinal Malignancy Section, Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Justin D McCallen
- Gastrointestinal Malignancy Section, Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Olena Kamenyeva
- Biological Imaging Section, Research Technology Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Benjamin Ruf
- Gastrointestinal Malignancy Section, Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John C McVey
- Gastrointestinal Malignancy Section, Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Juraj Kabat
- Biological Imaging Section, Research Technology Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Juliane S Walz
- Gastrointestinal Malignancy Section, Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yaron Rotman
- Liver and Energy Metabolism Section, Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kylynda C Bauer
- Gastrointestinal Malignancy Section, Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Amanda J Craig
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Marie Pouzolles
- Basic to Translation Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ira Phadke
- Basic to Translation Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Vanessa Catania
- Gastrointestinal Malignancy Section, Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Benjamin L Green
- Gastrointestinal Malignancy Section, Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Claude Fu
- Gastrointestinal Malignancy Section, Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Laurence P Diggs
- Gastrointestinal Malignancy Section, Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Bernd Heinrich
- Gastrointestinal Malignancy Section, Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Xin Wei Wang
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; NCI CCR Liver Cancer Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Chi Ma
- Gastrointestinal Malignancy Section, Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tim F Greten
- Gastrointestinal Malignancy Section, Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; NCI CCR Liver Cancer Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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94
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Fang ZQ, Ruan B, Liu JJ, Duan JL, Yue ZS, Song P, Xu H, Ding J, Xu C, Dou GR, Wang L. Notch-triggered maladaptation of liver sinusoidal endothelium aggravates nonalcoholic steatohepatitis through endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Hepatology 2022; 76:742-758. [PMID: 35006626 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Although NASH can lead to severe clinical consequences, including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, no effective treatment is currently available for this disease. Increasing evidence indicates that LSECs play a critical role in NASH pathogenesis; however, the mechanisms involved in LSEC-mediated NASH remain to be fully elucidated. APPROACH AND RESULTS In the current study, we found that LSEC homeostasis was disrupted and LSEC-specific gene profiles were altered in methionine-choline-deficient (MCD) diet-induced NASH mouse models. Importantly, Notch signaling was found to be activated in LSECs of NASH mice. To then investigate the role of endothelial Notch in NASH progression, we generated mouse lines with endothelial-specific Notch intracellular domain (NICD) overexpression or RBP-J knockout to respectively activate or inhibit Notch signaling in endothelial cells. Notably, endothelial-specific overexpression of the NICD accelerated LSEC maladaptation and aggravated NASH, whereas endothelial cell-specific inhibition of Notch signaling restored LSEC homeostasis and improved NASH phenotypes. Furthermore, we demonstrated that endothelial-specific Notch activation exacerbated NASH by inhibiting endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) transcription, whereas administration of the pharmacological eNOS activator YC-1 alleviated hepatic steatosis and lipid accumulation resulting from Notch activation. Finally, to explore the therapeutic potential of using Notch inhibitors in NASH treatment, we applied two gamma-secretase inhibitors-DAPT and LY3039478-in an MCD diet-induced mouse model of NASH, and found that both inhibitors effectively ameliorated hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and liver fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS Endothelial-specific Notch activation triggered LSEC maladaptation and exacerbated NASH phenotypes in an eNOS-dependent manner. Genetic and pharmacological inhibition of Notch signaling effectively restored LSEC homeostasis and ameliorated NASH progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Qiang Fang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xi-Jing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bai Ruan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xi-Jing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Center of Clinical Aerospace Medicine & Department of Aviation Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing-Jing Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xi-Jing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Juan-Li Duan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xi-Jing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhen-Sheng Yue
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xi-Jing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Xi-Jing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ping Song
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xi-Jing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xi-Jing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jian Ding
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xi-Jing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chen Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xi-Jing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Guo-Rui Dou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xi-Jing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xi-Jing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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95
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Characterization and quantification of representative bile acids in ileal contents and feces of diet-induced obese mice by UPLC-MS/MS. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjac.2022.100175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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96
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Chen H, Zhao W, Yan X, Huang T, Yang A. Overexpression of Hepcidin Alleviates Steatohepatitis and Fibrosis in a Diet-induced Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2022; 10:577-588. [PMID: 36062292 PMCID: PMC9396326 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2021.00289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Iron overload can contribute to the progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Hepcidin (Hamp), which is primarily synthesized in hepatocytes, is a key regulator of iron metabolism. However, the role of Hamp in NASH remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to elucidate the role of Hamp in the pathophysiology of NASH. METHODS Male mice were fed a choline-deficient L-amino acid-defined (CDAA) diet for 16 weeks to establish the mouse NASH model. A choline-supplemented amino acid-defined (CSAA) diet was used as the control diet. Recombinant adeno-associated virus genome 2 serotype 8 vector expressing Hamp (rAAV2/8-Hamp) or its negative control (rAAV2/8-NC) was administered intravenously at week 8 of either the CDAA or CSAA diet. RESULTS rAAV2/8-Hamp treatment markedly decreased liver weight and improved hepatic steatosis in the CDAA-fed mice, accompanied by changes in lipogenesis-related genes and adiponectin expression. Compared with the control group, rAAV2/8-Hamp therapy attenuated liver damage, with mice exhibiting reduced histological NAFLD inflammation and fibrosis, as well as lower levels of liver enzymes. Moreover, α-smooth muscle actin-positive activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and CD68-postive macrophages increased in number in the CDAA-fed mice, which was reversed by rAAV2/8-Hamp treatment. Consistent with the in vivo findings, overexpression of Hamp increased adiponectin expression in hepatocytes and Hamp treatment inhibited HSC activation. CONCLUSIONS Overexpression of Hamp using rAAV2/8-Hamp robustly attenuated liver steatohepatitis, inflammation, and fibrosis in an animal model of NASH, suggesting a potential therapeutic role for Hamp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- Digestive Department, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Correspondence to: Hui Chen, Digestive Department, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 5 Jingyuan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100043, China. Tel: +86-10-51718484, Fax: +86-10-83165944, E-mail: . Aiting Yang, Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong’an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5671-696X. Tel: +86-10-63139311, Fax: +86-10-83165944, E-mail:
| | - Wenshan Zhao
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Xuzhen Yan
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Aiting Yang
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
- Beijing Clinical Medicine Institute, Beijing, China
- Correspondence to: Hui Chen, Digestive Department, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 5 Jingyuan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100043, China. Tel: +86-10-51718484, Fax: +86-10-83165944, E-mail: . Aiting Yang, Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong’an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5671-696X. Tel: +86-10-63139311, Fax: +86-10-83165944, E-mail:
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97
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Body weight is defended by strong homeostatic forces. Several of the key biological mechanisms that counteract weight loss have been unraveled over the last decades. In contrast, the mechanisms that protect body weight and fat mass from becoming too high remain largely unknown. Understanding this aspect of energy balance regulation holds great promise for curbing the obesity epidemic. Decoding the physiological and molecular pathways that defend against weight gain can be achieved by an intervention referred to as 'experimental overfeeding'. SCOPE OF THE REVIEW In this review, we define experimental overfeeding and summarize the studies that have been conducted on animals. This field of research shows that experimental overfeeding induces a potent and prolonged hypophagic response that seems to be conserved across species and mediated by unidentified endocrine factors. In addition, the literature shows that experimental overfeeding can be used to model the development of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and that forced intragastric infusion of surplus calories lowers survival from infections. Finally, we highlight studies indicating that experimental overfeeding can be employed to study the transgenerational effects of a positive energy balance and how dietary composition and macronutrient content might impact energy homeostasis and obesity development in animals. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Experimental overfeeding of animals is a powerful yet underappreciated method to investigate the defense mechanisms against weight gain. This intervention also represents an alternative approach for studying the pathophysiology of metabolic liver diseases and the links between energy balance and infection biology. Future research in this field could help uncover why humans respond differently to an obesogenic environment and reveal novel pathways with therapeutic potential against obesity and cardiometabolic disorders.
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98
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St. Rose K, Yan J, Xu F, Williams J, Dweck V, Saxena D, Schwabe RF, Caviglia JM. Mouse model of NASH that replicates key features of the human disease and progresses to fibrosis stage 3. Hepatol Commun 2022; 6:2676-2688. [PMID: 35923109 PMCID: PMC9512466 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.2035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease in the United States and the world; with no Food and Drug Administration-approved pharmacological treatment available, it remains an area of unmet medical need. In nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), the most important predictor of clinical outcome is the fibrosis stage. Moreover, the Food and Drug Administration recommends that clinical trials for drugs to treat this disease include patients with fibrosis stage 2 or greater. Therefore, when using animal models for investigating the pathophysiology of NAFLD and for the preclinical evaluation of new drugs, it is important that the animals develop substantial fibrosis. The aim of this study was to develop a mouse model of NAFLD that replicated the disease in humans, including obesity and progressive liver fibrosis. Agouti yellow mutant mice, which have hyperphagia, were fed a Western diet and water containing high-fructose corn syrup for 16 weeks. Mice became obese and developed glucose intolerance. Their gut microbiota showed dysbiosis with changes that replicate some of the changes described in humans with NASH. They developed NASH with activity scores of 5-6 and fibrosis, which was stage 1 after 16 weeks, and stage 3 after 12 months. Changes in liver gene expression assessed by gene-set enrichment analysis showed 90% similarity with changes in human patients with NASH. Conclusion: Ay mice, when fed a Western diet similar to that consumed by humans, develop obesity and NASH with liver histology, including fibrosis, and gene expression changes that are highly similar to the disease in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristy St. Rose
- Department of Health and Nutrition SciencesBrooklyn CollegeCUNYNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Jun Yan
- Department of MedicineColumbia UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA,Department of Forensic MedicineMedical College of Nantong UniversityNantongJiangsuChina
| | - Fangxi Xu
- Department of Molecular PathobiologyNew York University College of DentistryNew YorkNew YorkUSA,Department of SurgeryNew York University School of MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Jasmine Williams
- Department of Health and Nutrition SciencesBrooklyn CollegeCUNYNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Virginia Dweck
- Department of Health and Nutrition SciencesBrooklyn CollegeCUNYNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Deepak Saxena
- Department of Molecular PathobiologyNew York University College of DentistryNew YorkNew YorkUSA,Department of SurgeryNew York University School of MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | | | - Jorge Matias Caviglia
- Department of Health and Nutrition SciencesBrooklyn CollegeCUNYNew YorkNew YorkUSA,Department of MedicineColumbia UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
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99
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Alazawi W. Myeloid XBP1 links lipid overload with inflammation in NASH: Do advances in basic science have clinical potential? J Hepatol 2022; 77:290-292. [PMID: 35697581 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2022.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- William Alazawi
- Barts Liver Centre, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
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100
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Ueda H, Honda A, Miyazaki T, Morishita Y, Hirayama T, Iwamoto J, Nakamoto N, Ikegami T. Sex-, age-, and organ-dependent improvement of bile acid hydrophobicity by ursodeoxycholic acid treatment: A study using a mouse model with human-like bile acid composition. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0271308. [PMID: 35819971 PMCID: PMC9275687 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyp2a12-/-Cyp2c70-/- double knockout (DKO) mice have a human-like hydrophobic bile acid (BA) composition and show reduced fertility and liver injury. Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is a hydrophilic and cytoprotective BA used to treat various liver injuries in humans. This study investigated the effects of orally administered UDCA on fertility and liver injury in DKO mice. UDCA treatment prevented abnormal delivery (miscarriage and preterm birth) in pregnant DKO mice, presumably by increasing the hydrophilicity of serum BAs. UDCA also prevented liver damage in six-week-old DKO mice, however liver injury emerged in UDCA-treated 20-week-old female, but not male, DKO mice. In 20-week-old male UDCA-treated DKO mice, conjugated plus unconjugated UDCA proportions in serum, liver, and bile were 71, 64, and 71% of the total BAs, respectively. In contrast, conjugated plus unconjugated UDCA proportions in serum, liver, and bile of females were 56, 34, and 58% of the total BAs, respectively. The UDCA proportion was considerably low in female liver only and was compensated by highly hydrophobic lithocholic acid (LCA). Therefore, UDCA treatment markedly reduced the BA hydrophobicity index in the male liver but not in females. This appears to be why UDCA treatment causes liver injury in 20-week-old female mice. To explore the cause of LCA accumulation in the female liver, we evaluated the hepatic activity of CYP3A11 and SULT2A1, which metabolize LCAs to more hydrophilic BAs. However, there was no evidence to suggest that either enzyme activity was lower in females than in males. As female mice have a larger BA pool than males, excessive loading of LCAs on the hepatic bile salt export pump (BSEP) may be the reason for the hepatic accumulation of LCAs in female DKO mice with prolonged UDCA treatment. Our results suggest that the improvement of BA hydrophobicity in DKO mice by UDCA administration is sex-, age-, and organ-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Ueda
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Akira Honda
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, Ibaraki, Japan.,Joint Research Center, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Teruo Miyazaki
- Joint Research Center, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yukio Morishita
- Diagnostic Pathology Division, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takeshi Hirayama
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Junichi Iwamoto
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Nakamoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadashi Ikegami
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, Ibaraki, Japan
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