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Wen S, Liu C, Wang X, Wang Y, Liu C, Wang J, Xia X. Resistance selection of triflumezopyrim in Laodelphax striatellus (fallén): Resistance risk, cross-resistance and metabolic mechanism. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1048208. [PMID: 36523557 PMCID: PMC9745130 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1048208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The risk assessment and resistance mechanisms of insecticide resistance are critical for resistance management strategy before a new insecticide is widely used. Triflumezopyrim (TFM) is the first commercialized mesoionic insecticide, which can inhibit nicotinic acetylcholine receptor with high-performance against the small brown planthopper (SBPH), Laodelphax striatellus (Fallén). In our study, the resistance of SBPH to TFM increased 26.29-fold, and the actual heritability of resistance was 0.09 after 21 generations of continuous selection by TFM. After five generations of constant feeding under insecticide-free conditions from F16 generation, the resistance level decreased 2.05-fold, and the average resistance decline rate per generation was 0.01, but there were no statistical decline. The TFM resistant strains had no cross-resistance to imidacloprid, nitenpyram, thiamethoxam, dinotefuran, flonicamid, pymetrozine, and chlorfenapyr. The third and fifth nymphal stage duration, pre-adult stage, adult preoviposition period, longevity, emergence rate, and hatchability of the resistant strain were significantly lower than those of the susceptible strain, while the female-male ratio was considerably increased. The fitness cost was 0.89. Further, cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (P450) and carboxylesterase (CarE) activities were markedly increased, but only the enzyme inhibitor piperonyl butoxide (PBO) had a significant synergistic effect on the resistant strain. The expression of CYP303A1, CYP4CE2, and CYP419A1v2 of P450 genes was significantly increased. SBPH has a certain risk of resistance to TFM with continuous application. The TFM resistance may be due to the increased activity of P450 enzyme regulated by the overexpression of P450 genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengfang Wen
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Chang Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Xueting Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Youwei Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Chao Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Jinhua Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Xiaoming Xia
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
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İnak E, Alpkent YN, Saalwaechter C, Albayrak T, İnak A, Dermauw W, Geibel S, Van Leeuwen T. Long-term survey and characterization of cyflumetofen resistance in Tetranychus urticae populations from Turkey. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 188:105235. [PMID: 36464352 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2022.105235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) is the most economically important mite pest in agricultural areas and chemical acaricides are widely used to control T. urticae populations. Cyflumetofen is a recently introduced acaricide that inhibits the mitochondrial electron transport chain at complex II (succinate dehydrogenase, SDH), which represents the most recently developed mode of action for mite control worldwide. In the present study, started upon the launch of cyflumetofen in Turkey, a five-year survey was performed to monitor cyflumetofen susceptibility in 28 T. urticae populations collected from agricultural fields across the country. The first resistance case that might cause control failure in practical field conditions was uncovered in 2019, three years after the registration of cyflumetofen. In addition, an extremely resistant population (1722-fold resistance) was also detected towards the end of 2019. Cyflumetofen resistance did not decrease in the laboratory after relaxation of selection pressure for over one year in field-collected populations, suggesting the absence of a fitness cost associated with resistance in these populations. Next to phenotypic resistance, metabolic and physiological mechanisms underlying the decreased susceptibility were also investigated. Synergism assays showed the involvement of P450 monooxygenases in cyflumetofen resistance. Downregulation of carboxylesterases as resistance mechanism, is underpinned by the fact that pre-treatment with esterase inhibitor DEF decreased cyflumetofen toxicity in field-collected strains. Furthermore, a novel H258L substitution in the subunit B of complex II was uncovered in a field population. In silico modeling of the new mutation suggested that the mutation might indeed influence toxicity to complex II inhibitors cyenopyrafen and pyflubumide, but most likely not cyflumetofen. However, further studies are needed to uncover the exact role of this mutation in resistance to this new class of complex II inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre İnak
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University, Diskapi 06110, Ankara, Turkey; Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Yasin Nazım Alpkent
- Republic of Turkey Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry Directorate of Plant Protection Central Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Yenimahalle 06172, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Tuba Albayrak
- Agricultural Credit Cooperatives of Turkey, Karapınar, 2863 Bucak, Burdur, Turkey
| | - Arda İnak
- Agro Project Academy, 01100 Seyhan, Adana, Turkey
| | - Wannes Dermauw
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Plant Sciences Unit, Burg. Van Gansberghelaan 96, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Sven Geibel
- Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, 40789 Monheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Van Leeuwen
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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Gomard Y, Alout H, Lebon C, Latreille A, Benlali A, Mavingui P, Tortosa P, Atyame C. Fitness costs associated with a GABA receptor mutation conferring dieldrin resistance in Aedes albopictus. Heredity (Edinb) 2022; 129:273-280. [PMID: 36220919 PMCID: PMC9614001 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-022-00565-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the dynamics of insecticide resistance genes in mosquito populations is pivotal for a sustainable use of insecticides. Dieldrin resistance in Aedes albopictus is conferred by the alanine to serine substitution (A302S or RdlR allele) in the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor encoded by the Rdl gene. On Reunion Island, dieldrin resistance was initially reported in natural Ae. albopictus populations sampled in 2008 despite the ban of dieldrin since 1994. To monitor insecticide resistance in Ae. albopictus on the island and to identify its drivers, we measured (i) the frequency of resistance alleles in 19 distinct natural populations collected between 2016 and 2017, (ii) fitness costs associated with dieldrin resistance in laboratory-controlled experiments, and (iii) the resistance conferred by RdlR to fipronil, an insecticide widely used on the island and reported to cross-react with RdlR. The results show a persistence of RdlR in Ae. albopictus natural populations at low frequencies. Among the measured life history traits, mortality in pre-imaginal stages, adults' survival as well as the proportion of egg-laying females were significantly affected in resistant mosquitoes. Finally, bioassays revealed resistance of RdlR mosquitoes to fipronil, suggesting that the use of fipronil in natura could select for the RdlR allele. This study shows that dieldrin resistance is persistent in natural mosquito populations likely as a result of combined effects between fitness costs associated with RdlR and selection exerted by cross-reacting environmental insecticides such as fipronil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Gomard
- Université de La Réunion, UMR PIMIT (Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical) CNRS 9192, INSERM 1187, IRD 249, Université de La Réunion, île de La Réunion, France.
- Université de La Réunion, UMR PVBMT (Peuplements Végétaux et Bioagresseurs en Milieu Tropical), F-97410, Saint-Pierre, île de La Réunion, France.
| | - Haoues Alout
- INRAE, UMR 117 ASTRE, INRAE-CIRAD, F-34598, Montpellier, France
| | - Cyrille Lebon
- Université de La Réunion, UMR PIMIT (Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical) CNRS 9192, INSERM 1187, IRD 249, Université de La Réunion, île de La Réunion, France
| | - Anne Latreille
- Université de La Réunion, UMR PIMIT (Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical) CNRS 9192, INSERM 1187, IRD 249, Université de La Réunion, île de La Réunion, France
| | - Aude Benlali
- Université de La Réunion, UMR PIMIT (Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical) CNRS 9192, INSERM 1187, IRD 249, Université de La Réunion, île de La Réunion, France
| | - Patrick Mavingui
- Université de La Réunion, UMR PIMIT (Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical) CNRS 9192, INSERM 1187, IRD 249, Université de La Réunion, île de La Réunion, France
| | - Pablo Tortosa
- Université de La Réunion, UMR PIMIT (Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical) CNRS 9192, INSERM 1187, IRD 249, Université de La Réunion, île de La Réunion, France
| | - Célestine Atyame
- Université de La Réunion, UMR PIMIT (Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical) CNRS 9192, INSERM 1187, IRD 249, Université de La Réunion, île de La Réunion, France
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Ullah F, Xu X, Gul H, Güncan A, Hafeez M, Gao X, Song D. Impact of Imidacloprid Resistance on the Demographic Traits and Expressions of Associated Genes in Aphis gossypii Glover. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10110658. [PMID: 36355949 PMCID: PMC9696316 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10110658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Imidacloprid is one of the most widely used neonicotinoid insecticides to control sap-sucking insect pests, including Aphis gossypii. The intensive application of chemical insecticides to A. gossypii led to the development of resistance against several insecticides, including imidacloprid. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the association between imidacloprid resistance and the fitness of A. gossypii to limit the spread of the resistant population under field contexts. In this study, we used the age-stage, two-sex life table method to comprehensively investigate the fitness of imidacloprid resistant (ImR) and susceptible strains (SS) of melon aphids. Results showed that ImR aphids have prolonged developmental stages and decreased longevity, fecundity, and reproductive days. The key demographic parameters (r, λ, and R0) were significantly reduced in ImR strain compared to SS aphids. Additionally, the molecular mechanism for fitness costs was investigated by comparing the expression profile of juvenile hormone-binding protein (JHBP), juvenile hormone epoxide hydrolase (JHEH), juvenile hormone acid O-methyltransferase (JHAMT), Vitellogenin (Vg), ecdysone receptor (EcR), and ultraspiracle protein (USP) supposed to be associated with development and reproduction in insects. The results of RT-qPCR showed that EcR, JHBP, JHAMT, JHEH, and Vg genes were downregulated, while USP was statistically the same in ImR A. gossypii compared to the SS strain. Together, these results provide in-depth information about the occurrence and magnitude of fitness costs against imidacloprid resistance that could help manage the evolution and spread of A. gossypii resistance in field populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farman Ullah
- Department of Plant Biosecurity, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hina Gul
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ali Güncan
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ordu University, Ordu 52200, Turkey
| | - Muhammad Hafeez
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Xiwu Gao
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Dunlun Song
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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55
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Major KM, Weston DP, Wellborn GA, Lydy MJ, Poynton HC. Predicting Resistance: Quantifying the Relationship between Urban Development, Agricultural Pesticide Use, and Pesticide Resistance in a Nontarget Amphipod. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:14649-14659. [PMID: 36201633 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c04245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Resistance alleles within the voltage-gated sodium channel (vgsc) have been correlated with pyrethroid resistance in wild populations of the nontarget amphipod, Hyalella azteca from California (CA), U.S.A. In the present study, we expand upon the relationship between land use and the evolution of pesticide resistance in H. azteca to develop a quantitative methodology to target and screen novel populations for resistance allele genotypes in a previously uninvestigated region of the U.S. (New England: NE). By incorporating urban land development and toxicity-normalized agricultural pesticide use indices into our site selection, we successfully identified three amino acid substitutions associated with pyrethroid resistance. One of the resistance mutations has been described in H. azteca from CA (L925I). We present the remaining two (vgsc I936F and I936V) as novel pyrethroid-resistance alleles in H. azteca based on previous work in insects and elevated cyfluthrin resistance in one NE population. Our results suggest that urban pesticide use is a strong driver in the evolution of resistance alleles in H. azteca. Furthermore, our method for resistance allele screening provides an applied framework for detecting ecosystem impairment on a nationwide scale that can be incorporated into ecological risk assessment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaley M Major
- School for the Environment, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02125, United States
| | - Donald P Weston
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Gary A Wellborn
- Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Michael J Lydy
- Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences and Department of Zoology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois 62901, United States
| | - Helen C Poynton
- School for the Environment, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02125, United States
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56
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Guo Z, Guo L, Qin J, Ye F, Sun D, Wu Q, Wang S, Crickmore N, Zhou X, Bravo A, Soberón M, Zhang Y. A single transcription factor facilitates an insect host combating Bacillus thuringiensis infection while maintaining fitness. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6024. [PMID: 36224245 PMCID: PMC9555685 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33706-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintaining fitness during pathogen infection is vital for host survival as an excessive response can be as detrimental as the infection itself. Fitness costs are frequently associated with insect hosts countering the toxic effect of the entomopathogenic bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), which delay the evolution of resistance to this pathogen. The insect pest Plutella xylostella has evolved a mechanism to resist Bt toxins without incurring significant fitness costs. Here, we reveal that non-phosphorylated and phosphorylated forms of a MAPK-modulated transcription factor fushi tarazu factor 1 (FTZ-F1) can respectively orchestrate down-regulation of Bt Cry1Ac toxin receptors and up-regulation of non-receptor paralogs via two distinct binding sites, thereby presenting Bt toxin resistance without growth penalty. Our findings reveal how host organisms can co-opt a master molecular switch to overcome pathogen invasion with low cost, and contribute to understanding the underlying mechanism of growth-defense tradeoffs during host-pathogen interactions in P. xylostella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojiang Guo
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China. .,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Le Guo
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jianying Qin
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Fan Ye
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Dan Sun
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Qingjun Wu
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Shaoli Wang
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Neil Crickmore
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QE, UK
| | - Xuguo Zhou
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546-0091, USA
| | - Alejandra Bravo
- Departamento de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, 62250, México
| | - Mario Soberón
- Departamento de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, 62250, México
| | - Youjun Zhang
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
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57
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Kotze AC, Bagnall NH, Ruffell AP, George SD, Rolls NM. Resistance to dicyclanil and imidacloprid in the sheep blowfly, Lucilia cuprina, in Australia. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:4195-4206. [PMID: 35690912 PMCID: PMC9540573 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The sheep blowfly, Lucila cuprina, is a myiasis-causing parasite responsible for significant production losses and welfare issues for the Australian sheep industry. Control relies largely on the use of insecticides. The pyrimidine compound, dicyclanil, is the predominant control chemical, although other insecticides also are used, including imidacloprid, ivermectin, cyromazine and spinosad. We investigated in vitro resistance patterns and mechanisms in field-collected blowfly strains. RESULTS The Walgett 2019 strain showed significant levels of resistance to both dicyclanil and imidacloprid, with resistance factors at the IC50 of 26- and 17-fold, respectively, in in vitro bioassays. Co-treatment with the cytochrome P450 inhibitor, aminobenzotriazole, resulted in significant levels of synergism for dicyclanil and imidacloprid (synergism ratios of 7.2- and 6.1-fold, respectively), implicating cytochrome P450 in resistance to both insecticides. Cyp12d1 transcription levels were increased up to 40-fold throughout the larval life stages in the resistant strain compared to a reference susceptible strain, whereas transcription levels of some other cyp genes (6g1, 4d1, 28d1) did not differ between the strains. Similar resistance levels also were observed in flies collected from the same property in two subsequent years. CONCLUSION This study indicates that in vitro resistance to both dicyclanil and imidacloprid in this field-collected blowfly strain is likely mediated by cytochrome P450, with Cyp12d1 implicated as the enzyme responsible; however, it remains possible that another P450 also may be involved. A common resistance mechanism for the two drugs has important implications for drug rotation strategies designed to prolong the useful life of flystrike control chemicals. © 2022 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C Kotze
- CSIRO Agriculture and FoodSt. Lucia, BrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Neil H Bagnall
- CSIRO Agriculture and FoodSt. Lucia, BrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Angela P Ruffell
- CSIRO Agriculture and FoodSt. Lucia, BrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Sarah D George
- Elanco Australasia Pty LtdKemps CreekNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Nicholas M Rolls
- Elanco Australasia Pty Ltd.Macquarie ParkNew South WalesAustralia
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Song XY, Peng YX, Wang LX, Ye WN, Pei XG, Zhang YC, Zhang S, Gao CF, Wu SF. Monitoring, cross-resistance, inheritance, and fitness costs of brown planthoppers, Nilaparvata lugens, resistance to pymetrozine in China. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:3980-3987. [PMID: 35633099 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens, is considered the most destructive pest of rice in many Asian countries including China. Use of pymetrozine in insect resistance management (IRM) has been one strategy to control this pest. In this study, we reported the status of pymetrozine resistance in Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) collected from China over the period 2017-2021 and selected a strain of N. lugens resistant to pymetrozine and evaluated the cross-resistance, inheritance and fitness costs of the resistance. RESULTS Monitoring data (2017-2021) showed that field populations of N. lugens in China developed moderate- to high-level pymetrozine resistance during these 5 years. By continuous selection with pymetrozine in the lab, the pymetrozine selected N. lugens strain (Pym-R98 ) developed a 225.2-fold resistance compared to a susceptible strain. The Pym-R98 strain showed high cross-resistance to dinotefuran (66.6-fold) and low cross-resistance to nitenpyram (5.2-fold) and sulfoxaflor (5.8-fold). Inheritance pattern analysis of Pym-R93 revealed that resistance to pymetrozine was polygenic, autosomal and incompletely dominant. Fitness costs of pymetrozine resistance were present in Pym-R90 and WA2020 strains with a relative fitness of 0.72 and 0.60, respectively. The developmental duration of Pym-R90 and WA2020 was significantly longer and hatchability was significantly lower compared to pymetrozine-susceptible strain (Pym-S). CONCLUSIONS N. lugens has developed high level of resistance to pymetrozine. Pymetrozine-resistance brown planthopper had cross-resistance with some of neonicotinoids such as dinotefuran, nitenpyram and sulfoxaflor. The autosomal, incompletely dominant and polygenic resistance to pymetrozine in N. lugens and the fitness costs associated with this resistance can be exploited in IRM strategies to preserve the lifetime of pymetrozine for control of N. lugens in China. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yu Song
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu-Xuan Peng
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li-Xiang Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen-Nan Ye
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin-Guo Pei
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan-Chao Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Cong-Fen Gao
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shun-Fan Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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59
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Wang R, Gao B, Zhang Q, Zhang Z, Li Y, Yang Q, Zhang M, Li W, Luo C. Acylsugar protection of Nicotiana benthamiana confers mortality and transgenerational fitness costs in Spodoptera litura. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:993279. [PMID: 36119595 PMCID: PMC9478178 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.993279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Acylsugars are secondary metabolites that are produced in the trichomes of some solanaceous species and can help control several herbivorous insect pests. Previously, knockout mutations (asat2 mutants) were shown to significantly reduce the acylsugar content of Nicotiana benthamiana, and significantly improve the fitness of six generalist insect herbivores. The current study compared the significant mortality and fitness costs in Spodoptera litura conferred by acylsugar protection of N. benthamiana (wild-type plants) compared to S. litura strains reared in acylsugar-deficient plants with depleted acylsugar biosynthesis. Acylsugar protection prolonged the developmental duration and decreased viability in the larval stages. Further, the fecundity of females and the hatching rate of eggs significantly decreased under acylsugar protection. For F1 offspring, acylsugar protection still exerted significant negative effects on larval survival rate and fecundity per female. The net reproductive rate and relative fitness of the S. litura strain were strongly affected by acylsugar. Altogether, these results indicate that acylsugar could contribute to plant protection due to toxicity to pests, diffused availability, and low environmental persistence. This could represent a complementary and alternative strategy to control populations of insect pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bingli Gao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qinghe Zhang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ziyi Zhang
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Technology, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Yunyi Li
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Qingyi Yang
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Technology, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Mi Zhang
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Technology, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Wenxiang Li
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Technology, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Chen Luo
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
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Parker-Crockett C, Lloyd A, Ramirez D, Connelly CR. Impacts of differential mosquito control treatment regimens on insecticide susceptibility status of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-022-05130-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) is an invasive mosquito species and notable vector of several pathogens in the USA. Their cryptic and anthropophilic nature puts this species in close association with humans, where they can also be a nuisance. Mosquito control programs are the front line of defense for protecting the community from nuisance-biting and disease. However, the occurrence and prevalence of insecticide resistance in mosquitoes is a well-documented phenomenon that directly impacts the efficacy of insecticide applications. In Florida specifically, widespread resistance in Ae. aegypti has created a need for operational strategies that combat and, ideally, reverse resistance. Laboratory studies and the association between fitness costs and insecticide resistance indicate that this reversion is possible under the right conditions. For a 2.5-year period, the impact of varying operational treatment regimens on insecticide resistance in Ae. aegypti is evaluated using kdr genotyping and the CDC bottle bioassay. In an organophosphate treatment area, a decrease in frequency of a double homozygous resistant genotype was observed. CDC bottle bioassays did not reveal any clear trends in the data to indicate a reversion to insecticide susceptibility. However, the changes in genotype could indicate the first step back to insecticide susceptibility. This study provides preliminary data that has implications for resistance management in mosquito control operations.
Article Highlights
Presented study represents the first field study to evaluate how changing insecticide pressures on resistant mosquitoes affects insecticide resistance.
A decrease in the double homozygous resistance genotype was observed in Ae. aegypti from the organophosphate treatment area after a change in use patterns.
Identifiable trends in phenotypic resistance as a result of the treatment regimens were not observed.
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Amaral Rocha ÉA, Silva RM, Rodrigues da Silva BK, Cruz CG, Fernandes FL. Fitness cost and reversion of resistance Leucoptera coffeella (Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae) to chlorpyrifos. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 242:113831. [PMID: 35809395 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A better understanding of fitness costs and insecticide resistance reversion has practical applications for improving resistance management approaches. The coffee leaf miner, Leucoptera coffeella, is one of the most important coffee pests worldwide. Chlorpyrifos is still used to control L. coffeella despite studies showing resistance in this pest. The current study investigated the fitness costs and reversion of resistance to chlorpyrifos in L. coffeella populations in coffee. The control failure of this insecticide was evaluated in 15 field populations. Selection of resistant and susceptible L. coffeella (G1-G10), with and without chlorpyrifos exposure, was evaluated. The following parameters were investigated: consumed leaf area, adult longevity, number of eggs per female, and egg viability. The present study showed control failures of chlorpyrifos and low (< 31-folds) to high levels (> 80-folds) of resistance in all field populations tested. The resistant population showed less fitness than the susceptible population. The fitness of the resistant population decreased significantly after 10 generations of chlorpyrifos selection. Specifically, the number of eggs per female, larvae hatched, and adult longevity were reduced by factors of 5, 2.3 and 3, respectively. Furthermore, the chlorpyrifos-resistant L. coffeella population consumed more than the susceptible population. Therefore, we concluded that non-exposing L. coffeella populations to chlorpyrifos insecticide leads to rapid reversion of resistance and susceptibility. In addition, resistant populations show reduced reproductive fitness and longevity, while consuming more, probably to meet greater metabolic demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Érick Alcides Amaral Rocha
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Campus Rio Paranaíba, MG230, Km08, Rio Paranaíba, Minas Gerais 38810-000, Brazil
| | - Ronald Machado Silva
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Campus Rio Paranaíba, MG230, Km08, Rio Paranaíba, Minas Gerais 38810-000, Brazil
| | - Brenda Karina Rodrigues da Silva
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Campus Rio Paranaíba, MG230, Km08, Rio Paranaíba, Minas Gerais 38810-000, Brazil
| | - Carlos Gustavo Cruz
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Campus Glória, Uberlândia 38410-337, Brazil
| | - Flávio Lemes Fernandes
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Campus Rio Paranaíba, MG230, Km08, Rio Paranaíba, Minas Gerais 38810-000, Brazil.
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Menger JP, Ribeiro AV, Potter BD, Valmorbida I, Hodgson EW, Knodel JJ, Koch RL. Lack of Evidence for Fitness Costs in Soybean Aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) With Resistance to Pyrethroid Insecticides in the Upper Midwest Region of the United States. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 115:1191-1202. [PMID: 35766410 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toac096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Twenty years after the arrival of soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae), in the United States, it remains the most economically important arthropod pest of soybean in the Upper Midwest Region. After years of repeated and sustained insecticidal pressures placed on the aphid, resistance to the pyrethroid class of insecticides has been documented in multiple years over a large geographic area. In this study, the fitness of aphid isolates displaying resistant and susceptible phenotypes to λ-cyhalothrin were compared within several experiments over three soybean-growing seasons. Rates of population increase were evaluated on whole plants in the greenhouse, intrinsic rates of increase were calculated from leaf discs in the laboratory, and aphid size and asymmetry were compared through tibial measurements. No evidence of a fitness cost associated with the resistant phenotype was seen in any of our experiments. In contrast, individual resistant isolates occasionally supported significantly higher fitness values than some susceptible isolates. Additionally, a pooled analysis comparing resistant and susceptible phenotypes across years and isolates revealed that, on average, the resistant phenotype had significantly higher fitness values than the susceptible phenotype in most experiments. The lack of reproductive fitness costs associated with the pyrethroid-resistant phenotype raises concerns for longevity of pyrethroid use in soybean aphid management.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P Menger
- Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, 1980 Folwell Avenue, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Arthur V Ribeiro
- Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, 1980 Folwell Avenue, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Bruce D Potter
- University of Minnesota Southwest Research and Outreach Center, 23669 130th Street, Lamberton, MN 56152, USA
| | - Ivair Valmorbida
- Department of Entomology, Iowa State University, ATRB, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Erin W Hodgson
- Department of Entomology, Iowa State University, ATRB, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Janet J Knodel
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, 210 Walster Hall, Fargo, ND 58102, USA
| | - Robert L Koch
- Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, 1980 Folwell Avenue, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
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Characterization of Field-Evolved Resistance to Afidopyropen, a Novel Insecticidal Toxin Developed from Microbial Secondary Metabolites, in Bemisia tabaci. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14070453. [PMID: 35878191 PMCID: PMC9320511 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14070453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Afidopyropen, a newly identified chemical, is a derivative of pyripyropene A, which is produced by the filamentous fungus Penicillium coprobium. It is a promising novel pesticide applied against whiteflies in agriculture. In this study, the reversion and selection, cross-resistance patterns, synergistic effects, and fitness costs of afidopyropen resistance were studied in a field-developed resistant population of B. tabaci. Compared to a reference MED-S strain, the field-developed resistant Haidian (HD) population showed 36.5-fold resistance to afidopyropen. Significant reversion of resistance to afidopyropen was found in the HD population when it was kept with no selective pressure of the insecticide. The HD-Afi strain, developed from the HD population with afidopyropen pressure, developed 104.3-fold resistance to afidopyropen and significant cross-resistance to sulfoxaflor. Piperonyl butoxide (PBO) largely inhibited afidopyropen resistance in the HD-Afi strain, which indicates that P450 monooxygenase could be involved in the resistance. Significant fitness costs associated with afidopyropen resistance were observed in HD-Afi. This study indicates that a rotation of afidopyropen with other chemical control agents could be useful for impeding afidopyropen resistance in B. tabaci. In addition, we expanded upon the understanding of resistance to afidopyropen, offering evidence suggesting the importance of devising better strategies for the management of whiteflies.
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Development and validation of a larval bioassay and selection protocol for insecticide resistance in Drosophila suzukii. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270747. [PMID: 35767598 PMCID: PMC9242520 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid invasion of Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) throughout Europe and the Americas has led to an increased reliance on calendar-based broad-spectrum insecticide programs among berry and cherry growers. Relatively few active ingredients (AIs) are currently available for effective D. suzukii management, and studies from multiple growing regions indicate that susceptibility to at least some of these materials is declining. Greater effort is needed to understand the status of susceptibility across field populations and the potential for increased resistance to develop, as well as the possible fitness costs incurred by resistant individuals. However, current bioassay protocols used for resistance monitoring and selection studies (i.e. resistance risk assessments) are labor-intensive and costly, making large-scale studies difficult to conduct. Here, we first present a novel bioassay protocol using larvae that requires little effort or cost to implement beyond what is needed for basic D. suzukii laboratory colony maintenance. We then perform dose-response bioassays using this protocol to identify larval lethal concentrations for three commonly used insecticides (malathion, spinosad and zeta-cypermethrin) in a susceptible population. Finally, resistance risk assessments were conducted using a population of D. suzukii from commercial caneberry fields near Watsonville, CA. We find that five generations of larval selection with a discriminating dose is sufficient to significantly increase both larval (malathion and spinosad) and adult (spinosad) resistance to the target AIs. This approach provides a simple, cost-effective tool for assaying susceptibility of D. suzukii populations to insecticides and for selecting resistant insect lines for resistance management research.
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Rauf A, Wilkins RM. Malathion-resistant Tribolium castaneum has enhanced response to oxidative stress, immunity, and fitness. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 184:105128. [PMID: 35715066 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2022.105128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Many cases of insecticide resistance in insect pests give resulting no-cost strains that retain the resistance genes even in the absence of the toxic stressor. Malathion (rac-diethyl 2-[(dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)sulfanyl]succinate) has been widely used against the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum Herbst. in stored products although no longer used. Malathion specific resistance in this pest is long lasting and widely distributed. A malathion resistant strain was challenged with a range of stressors including starvation, hyperoxia, malathion and a pathogen to determine the antioxidant responses and changes to some lifecycle parameters. Adult life span of the malathion-specific resistant strain of T. castaneum was significantly shorter than that of the susceptible. Starvation and/or high oxygen reduced adult life span of both strains. Starving, with and without 100% oxygen, gave longer lifespan for the resistant strain, but for oxygen alone there was a small extension. Under oxygen the proportional survival of the resistant strain to the adult stage was significantly higher, for both larvae and pupae, than the susceptible. The resistant strain when stressed with malathion and oxygen significantly increased catalase activity, but the susceptible did not. The resistant strain stressed with Paranosema whitei infection had significantly higher survival compared to the susceptible, and with low mortality. The malathion resistant strain of T. castaneum showed greater vigour than the susceptible in oxidative stress situations and especially where stressors were combined. The induction of the antioxidant enzyme catalase could have helped the resistant strain to withstand oxidative stresses, including insecticidal and importantly those from pathogens. These adaptations, in the absence of insecticide, seem to support the increased immunity of the insecticide resistant host to pathogens seen in other insect species, such as mosquitoes. By increasing the responses to a range of stressors the resistant strain could be considered as having enhanced fitness, compared to the susceptible.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard M Wilkins
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK.
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Fu B, Tao M, Xue H, Jin H, Liu K, Qiu H, Yang S, Yang X, Gui L, Zhang Y, Gao Y. Spinetoram resistance drives interspecific competition between Megalurothrips usitatus and Frankliniella intonsa. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:2129-2140. [PMID: 35170208 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Species displacement by the outcome of interspecific competition is of particular importance to pest management. Over the past decade, spinetoram has been extensively applied in control of the two closely related thrips Megalurothrips usitatus and Frankliniella intonsa worldwide, while whether its resistance is implicated in mediating interspecific interplay of the two thrips remains elusive to date. RESULTS Field population dynamics (from 2017 to 2019) demonstrated a trend toward displacement of F. intonsa by M. usitatus on cowpea crops, supporting an existing interspecific competition. Following exposure to spinetoram, M. usitatus became the predominate species, which suggests the use of spinetoram appears to be responsible for mediating interspecific interactions of the two thrips. Further annual and seasonal analysis (from 2016 to 2020) of field-evolved resistance dynamics revealed that M. usitatus developed remarkably higher resistance to spinetoram compared to that of F. intonsa, implying a close relationship between evolution of spinetoram resistance and their competitive interactions. After 12 generations of laboratory selection, resistance to spinetoram in M. usitatus and F. intonsa increased up to 64.50-fold and 28.33-fold, and the average realized heritability (h2 ) of resistance was calculated as 0.2550 and 0.1602, respectively. Interestingly, two-sex life table analysis showed that the spinetoram-resistant strain of F. intonsa exhibited existing fitness costs, but not the M. usitatus. These indicate that a rapid development of spinetoram resistance and the lack of associated fitness costs may be the mechanism underlying recent dominance of M. usitatus over F. intonsa. CONCLUSION Collectively, our results uncover the involvement of insecticide resistance in conferring displacement mechanism behind interspecific competition, providing a framework for understanding the significance of the evolutionary relationships among insects under ongoing changing environments. These findings also can be invaluable in proposing the most appropriate strategies for sustainable thrips control programs. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buli Fu
- Hubei Engineering Technology for Pest Forewarning and Management, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management of Tropical Crops, Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Min Tao
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hu Xue
- Hubei Engineering Technology for Pest Forewarning and Management, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Kui Liu
- The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management of Tropical Crops, Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Haiyan Qiu
- The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management of Tropical Crops, Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | | | - Xin Yang
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lianyou Gui
- Hubei Engineering Technology for Pest Forewarning and Management, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Youjun Zhang
- Hubei Engineering Technology for Pest Forewarning and Management, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yulin Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pest, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Gonzalez-Santillan FJ, Contreras-Perera Y, Davila-Barboza JA, Juache-Villagrana AE, Gutierrez-Rodriguez SM, Ponce-Garcia G, Lopez-Monroy B, Rodriguez-Sanchez IP, Lenhart AE, Mackenzie-Impoinvil L, Flores AE. Fitness Cost of Sequential Selection with Deltamethrin in Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 59:930-939. [PMID: 35389486 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjac032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In Mexico, Aedes aegypti (L.) is the primary dengue vector, chikungunya, and Zika viruses. The continued use of synthetic pyrethroids has led to the development of resistance in target populations, which has diminished the effectiveness of vector control programs. Resistance has been associated with disadvantages that affect the biological parameters of resistant mosquitoes compared to susceptible ones. In the present study, the disadvantages were evaluated by parameters related to survival and reproduction ('fitness cost') after selection with deltamethrin for five generations. The parameters analyzed were the length of the development cycle, sex ratio, survival, longevity, fecundity, egg viability, preoviposition, oviposition and postoviposition periods, and growth parameters. In the deltamethrin-selected strain, there was a decrease in the development cycle duration, the percentage of pupae, the oviposition period, and eggs viability. Although mean daily fecundity was not affected after the selection process, this, together with the decrease in the survival and fecundity levels by specific age, significantly affected the gross reproductive rate (GRR), net reproductive rate (Ro), and intrinsic growth rate (rm) of the group selected for five generations with deltamethrin compared to the group without selection. Identifying the 'cost' of resistance in biological fitness represents an advantage if it is desired to limit the spread of resistant populations since the fitness cost is the less likely that resistant individuals will spread in the population. This represents an important factor to consider in designing integrated vector management programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Gonzalez-Santillan
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Avenida Universidad s/n Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolas de los Garza, NL 66455, Mexico
| | | | - Jesus A Davila-Barboza
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Avenida Universidad s/n Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolas de los Garza, NL 66455, Mexico
| | - Alan E Juache-Villagrana
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Avenida Universidad s/n Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolas de los Garza, NL 66455, Mexico
| | - Selene M Gutierrez-Rodriguez
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Avenida Universidad s/n Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolas de los Garza, NL 66455, Mexico
| | - Gustavo Ponce-Garcia
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Avenida Universidad s/n Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolas de los Garza, NL 66455, Mexico
| | - Beatriz Lopez-Monroy
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Avenida Universidad s/n Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolas de los Garza, NL 66455, Mexico
| | - Iram P Rodriguez-Sanchez
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Avenida Universidad s/n Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolas de los Garza, NL 66455, Mexico
| | - Audrey E Lenhart
- Entomology Branch, Division of Parasitic Disease and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lucy Mackenzie-Impoinvil
- Entomology Branch, Division of Parasitic Disease and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Adriana E Flores
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Avenida Universidad s/n Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolas de los Garza, NL 66455, Mexico
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Using Autumnal Trap Crops to Manage Tarnished Plant Bugs (Lygus lineolaris). INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13050441. [PMID: 35621777 PMCID: PMC9146492 DOI: 10.3390/insects13050441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The tarnished plant bug Lygus lineolaris (Hemiptera: Miridae) is an important pest in several cultures. Trap crops are useful during the production season but could also contribute to the preventive regulation of L. lineolaris in autumn. The study aimed to test the attractiveness of the mullein plant as an autumnal trap crop and three repressive methods applied to this host. During autumn, mullein plants are a very attractive trap crop resulting in an aggregation of the L. lineolaris. Application of insecticide of the autumnal trap crop reduced winter survivorship of the pest. The combination of autumnal trap crop and insecticide is a promising strategy that could contribute to reducing L. lineolaris population during the following growing season. Abstract For insects, surviving winter depends on their capacity to store enough energy and find proper hibernation sites. A common strategy is to minimize movement and hibernate near autumn food sources. We investigated the efficiency of autumnal hosts to act as trap crops where insects could be exposed to targeted repressive treatments. This approach could reduce the local populations of insect pests in the next production season, reducing the need for insecticides. First, we tested the mullein plant’s attractiveness as an autumn trap crop for Lygus lineolaris (Hemiptera: Miridae) in strawberry fields by comparing peak population density among mullein (Verbascum thapsus), strawberry plants (Fragaria × ananassa), buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum), and mustard (Sinapis alba). Second, we tested four treatments applied to the autumn trap crops to reduce L. lineolaris winter survivorship: (1) hot water, (2) a pathogen (Beauveria bassiana), (3) insecticide (cypermethrin), and (4) a control. The density of the L. lineolaris population on mullein in autumn and on buckwheat in summer was higher than on strawberry and mustard. Of the overwintering L. lineolaris, 0% survived the winter when treated with the insecticide cypermethrin, while 38.3% survived in the control treatment (without repressive treatment). The B. bassiana and hot water treatments did not differ from the control. The mullein autumn trap crops combined with insecticide treatments could contribute to reducing the overwintering population, hence potentially reducing population during the following growing season.
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Valmorbida I, Coates BS, Hodgson EW, Ryan M, O’Neal ME. Evidence of enhanced reproductive performance and lack-of-fitness costs among soybean aphids, Aphis glycines, with varying levels of pyrethroid resistance. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:2000-2010. [PMID: 35102702 PMCID: PMC9310592 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Foliar application of insecticides is the main strategy to manage soybean aphid, Aphis glycines (Hemiptera: Aphididae), in the northcentral United States. Subpopulations of A. glycines have multiple nonsynonymous mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel (vgsc) genes that are associated with pyrethroid resistance. We explored if fitness costs are associated with phenotypes conferred by vgsc mutations using life table analyses. We predicted that there would be significant differences between pyrethroid susceptibility and field-collected, parthenogenetic isofemale clones with differing, nonsynonymous mutations in vgsc genes. RESULTS Estimated resistance ratios for the pyrethroid-resistant clones ranged from 3.1 to 37.58 and 5.6 to 53.91 for lambda-cyhalothrin and bifenthrin, respectively. Although life table analyses revealed some biological and demographic parameters to be significantly different among the clonal lines, there was no association between levels of pyrethroid resistance and a decline in fitness. By contrast, one of the most resistant clonal lines (SBA-MN1-2017) had a significantly higher finite rate of increase, intrinsic rate of increase and greater overall fitness compared to the susceptible control and other pyrethroid-resistant clonal lines. CONCLUSIONS Our life history analysis suggests that there are no negative pleotropic effects associated with the pyrethroid resistance in the clonal A. glycines lines used in this study. We discuss the potential impact of these results on efficacies of insecticide resistance management (IRM) and integrated pest management (IPM) plans directed at delaying the spread of pyrethroid-resistant A. glycines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brad S. Coates
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Corn Insects & Crop Genetics ResearchAmesIAUSA
| | | | - Molly Ryan
- Corteva Agriscience, Agriculture Division of DowDuPontDallas CenterIAUSA
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Sun J, Li C, Jiang J, Song C, Wang C, Feng K, Wei P, He L. Cross resistance, inheritance and fitness advantage of cyetpyrafen resistance in two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 183:105062. [PMID: 35430065 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2022.105062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cyetpyrafen belonging to mitochondrial electron transport inhibitors of complex II (METI II) has been widely applied to manage pest mites in China. To investigate the adaption of Tetranychus urticae in the evolution of cyetpyrafen resistance, a study of cross resistance, mode of inheritance and fitness comparison of resistance using indoor cyetpyrafen resistant strain (resistance ratio, RR > 2, 000-fold) was executed. Cyet-R showed serious cross resistance to cyenopyrafen (>2500-fold) and cyflumetofen (~190-fold). The number of resistant genes was evaluated via chi-square (χ2) test and the concentration-response curve regarding goodness-of-fit between observed and the expected mortality. The LC50s of F1RS (Cyet-R♀ × Tu-YN♂) and F1SR (Tu-YN♀ × Cyet-R♂) were 3126.30 mg/L and 2743.97 mg/L, respectively, without significance, suggesting autosomal inheritance. The degree of dominance (D) values of F1RS and F1SR ranged between 0 and 1, revealing an incompletely dominant inheritance in the tested population of Tetranychus urticae. Plots of concentration-response data for the orthogonal backcross and reverse backcross progenies showed a significant deviation from the expected lines, pointing out a polygenic inheritance. Besides, lifetable analysis showed a fitness advantage of Cyet-R with a significantly decreased adult preadult period and significantly increased total fecundity. This study suggested that cyetpyrafen resistance against T. urticae was inherited as autosomal, incompletely dominant and multigenetic and characterized with serious cross resistance and fitness advantage. Therefore, rational application and preventive strategy should be considered to sustain the efficacy of cyetpyrafen against T. urticae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunji Li
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinqi Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Changgui Song
- Institute of Sericulture Science and Technology Research, Chongqing, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kaiyang Feng
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Peng Wei
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lin He
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
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Sowa G, Bednarska AJ, Ziółkowska E, Laskowski R. Homogeneity of agriculture landscape promotes insecticide resistance in the ground beetle Poecilus cupreus. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266453. [PMID: 35472211 PMCID: PMC9041758 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The intensification of agriculture leads to increased pesticide use and significant transformation from small fields towards large-scale monocultures. This may significantly affect populations of non-target arthropods (NTA). We aimed to assess whether the multigenerational exposure to plant protection products has resulted in the evolution of resistance to insecticides in the ground beetle Poecilus cupreus originating from different agricultural landscapes. Two contrasting landscapes were selected for the study, one dominated by small and another by large fields. Within each landscape the beetles were collected at nine sites representing range of canola coverage and a variety of habitat types. Part of the collected beetles, after acclimation to laboratory conditions, were tested for sensitivity to Proteus 110 OD-the most commonly used insecticide in the studied landscapes. The rest were bred in the laboratory for two consecutive generations, and part of the beetles from each generation were also tested for sensitivity to selected insecticide. We showed that the beetles inhabiting areas with medium and large share of canola located in the landscape dominated by large fields were less sensitive to the studied insecticide. The persistence of reduced sensitivity to Proteus 110 OD for two consecutive generations indicates that either the beetles have developed resistance to the insecticide or the chronic exposure to pesticides has led to the selection of more resistant individuals naturally present in the studied populations. No increased resistance was found in the beetles from more heterogeneous landscape dominated by small fields, in which spatio-temporal diversity of crops and abundance of small, linear off-crop landscape elements may provide shelter that allows NTAs to survive without developing any, presumably costly, resistance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Sowa
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Elżbieta Ziółkowska
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Ryszard Laskowski
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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Rabelo MM, Santos IB, Paula-Moraes SV. Spodoptera exigua (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Fitness and Resistance Stability to Diamide and Pyrethroid Insecticides in the United States. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13040365. [PMID: 35447807 PMCID: PMC9030708 DOI: 10.3390/insects13040365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Spodoptera exigua is a polyphagous pest, commonly known as beet armyworm. This pest is distributed worldwide and causes yield reduction in a variety of crops. Chemical control using synthetic insecticides is the primary strategy to manage beet armyworm. In the United States, beet armyworm resistance to both chlorantraniliprole and bifenthrin insecticides was first reported in 2020. Here we examined beet armyworm fitness and stability of resistance to chlorantraniliprole and pyrethroid insecticides, since knowledge of the stability of resistance is a crucial aspect when recommending rotation of insecticides with different mode of action. Our results have indicated no decrease in bifenthrin resistance for at least a three-year period (i.e., 27 generations) when insecticide exposure was suspended. However, susceptibility to chlorantraniliprole dropped approximately 160-fold through this three-year period. Our results indicate that beet armyworm resistance to bifenthrin is stable, but unstable to chlorantraniliprole. Unstable resistance can be successfully managed at field level by switching off the selection pressure with replacement of the insecticide other than a pyrethroid. Abstract In the United States, beet armyworm resistance to both chlorantraniliprole and bifenthrin insecticides was first reported in 2020. Here we examined beet armyworm fitness and stability of resistance to chlorantraniliprole and pyrethroid insecticides since knowledge of the stability of resistance is a crucial aspect when recommending rotation of insecticides with different mode of action. Concentration-mortality bioassays were performed with field and laboratory susceptible populations. The F2, F13, and F27 generations of the field-derived population, maintained in the laboratory without insecticide, were exposed to commercial formulations of bifenthrin and chlorantraniliprole using the leaf-dip bioassay method (IRAC n. 007). Insects from F27 had the fitness components (survival, body weight, development time) documented and compared by LSM in each insecticide concentration tested. The resistance ratio to chlorantraniliprole reached 629, 80, 15-fold at F2, F13, and F27, respectively. These results contrast with an over 1000-fold resistance ratio to bifenthrin in all generations. The field-derived population had fitness reduced by chlorantraniliprole, but not by bifenthrin. In summary, the resistance of beet armyworm to bifenthrin was stable with no shift in fitness. In contrast, resistance to chlorantraniliprole was not stable through the generations kept in the laboratory without selection pressure, likely due to fitness cost.
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Machani MG, Ochomo E, Amimo F, Mukabana WR, Githeko AK, Yan G, Afrane YA. Behavioral responses of pyrethroid resistant and susceptible Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes to insecticide treated bed net. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266420. [PMID: 35390050 PMCID: PMC8989192 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Long-lasting insecticidal nets are an effective tool in reducing malaria transmission. However, with increasing insecticide resistance little is known about how physiologically resistant malaria vectors behave around a human-occupied bed net, despite their importance in malaria transmission. We used the Mbita bednet trap to assess the host-seeking behavior of insecticide-resistant Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes under semi-field conditions. The trap incorporates a mosquito netting panel which acts as a mechanical barrier that prevents host-seeking mosquitoes from reaching the human host baiting the trap. Methods Susceptible and pyrethroid-resistant colonies of female Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes aged 3–5 days old were used in this study. The laboratory-bred mosquitoes were color-marked with fluorescent powders and released inside a semi-field environment where a human subject slept inside a bednet trap erected in a traditional African hut. The netting panel inside the trap was either untreated (control) or deltamethrin-impregnated. The mosquitoes were released outside the hut. Only female mosquitoes were used. A window exit trap was installed on the hut to catch mosquitoes exiting the hut. A prokopack aspirator was used to collect indoor and outdoor resting mosquitoes. In addition, clay pots were placed outside the hut to collect outdoor resting mosquitoes. The F1 progeny of wild-caught mosquitoes were also used in these experiments. Results The mean number of resistant mosquitoes trapped in the deltamethrin-impregnated bed net trap was higher (mean = 50.21± 3.7) compared to susceptible counterparts (mean + 22.4 ± 1.31) (OR = 1.445; P<0.001). More susceptible mosquitoes were trapped in an untreated (mean = 51.9 ± 3.6) compared to a deltamethrin-treated bed net trap (mean = 22.4 ± 1.3) (OR = 2.65; P<0.001). Resistant mosquitoes were less likely to exit the house when a treated bed net was present compared to the susceptible mosquitoes. The number of susceptible mosquitoes caught resting outdoors (mean + 28.6 ± 2.22) when a treated bed net was hanged was higher than when untreated bednet was present inside the hut (mean = 4.6 ± 0.74). The susceptible females were 2.3 times more likely to stay outdoors away from the treated bed net (OR = 2.25; 95% CI = [1.7–2.9]; P<0.001). Conclusion The results show that deltamethrin-treatment of netting panels inside the bednet trap did not alter the host-seeking behavior of insecticide-resistant female An. gambiae mosquitoes. On the contrary, susceptible females exited the hut and remained outdoors when a treated net was used. However, further investigations of the behavior of resistant mosquitoes under natural conditions should be undertaken to confirm these observations and improve the current intervention which are threatened by insecticide resistance and altered vector behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell G. Machani
- Entomology Section, Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
- School of Health Sciences, Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology, Kisumu, Kenya
- * E-mail: (MGM); (YAA)
| | - Eric Ochomo
- Entomology Section, Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Fred Amimo
- School of Health Sciences, Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Wolfgang R. Mukabana
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
- Science for Health Society, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Andrew K. Githeko
- Entomology Section, Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Guiyun Yan
- Program in Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | - Yaw A. Afrane
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Ghana Medical School, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- * E-mail: (MGM); (YAA)
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Xu X, Ding Q, Wang X, Wang R, Ullah F, Gao X, Song D. V101I and R81T mutations in the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor β1 subunit are associated with neonicotinoid resistance in Myzus persicae. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:1500-1507. [PMID: 34962090 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The peach-potato aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is a major pest worldwide. The intensive use of insecticides has led to the development of resistance against neonicotinoid insecticides. The R81T mutation in the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) beta1 subunit is considered a crucial mechanism adaptation to neonicotinoid resistance in M. persicae and Aphis gossypii. RESULTS Resistance-related mutations (R81T and V101I) were detected in the imidacloprid-resistant M. persicae AH19 population. The V101I mutation is reported for the first time. The V101I and R81T mutations existed separately, indicating that the two mutations evolved independently. Imidacloprid resistance in the AH19 population was stable without insecticide exposure. Four mutant strains were selected from the population with stable resistance. The resistance of the AH19-T, AH19-I, and AH19-TI strains to imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, and dinotefuran was significantly increased compared with the AH19-W strain. Synergism bioassays showed that the inhibition of three detoxification enzymes did not affect imidacloprid resistance in the AH19-T and AH19-I strains. Expression of nAChR β1 subunits in the AH19-W, AH19-T, and AH19-I strains remained unchanged. CONCLUSION The V101I mutation is associated with neonicotinoid resistance in M. persicae. The resistance of the AH19-T and AH19-I strains to neonicotinoids appears to be mainly due to the R81T and V101I mutations, whereas these mutations, together with changes in the cytochrome P450 monooxygenases and nAChR expression may be responsible for the development of neonicotinoid resistance in the AH19-TI strain. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xu
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Ding
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiu Wang
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruijie Wang
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Farman Ullah
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiwu Gao
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Dunlun Song
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Zhang XC, Jiang M, Zang YN, Zhao HZ, Liu CX, Liu BR, Xue H, Schal C, Lu XM, Zhao DQ, Zhang XX, Zhang F. Metarhizium anisopliae is a valuable grist for biocontrol in beta-cypermethrin-resistant Blattella germanica (L.). PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:1508-1518. [PMID: 34962342 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The widespread use of chemical insecticides has resulted in the development of resistance in German cockroaches worldwide, and biopesticides based on entomopathogenic fungi as active ingredients have become a promising alternative strategy. Resistance can change many of the physiological and biochemical characteristics of insect pests, such as cuticle thickness, detoxification enzyme activity, and even intestinal flora composition. Thus, potential interactions between pathogenic fungi and insecticide resistance may lead to unpredictable changes in pest susceptibility to fungi. RESULTS Beta-cypermethrin-resistant German cockroaches were more susceptible to infection with the fungus Metarhizium anisopliae regardless of age and sex. Histopathological results showed that the infection of resistant strains (R) by M. anisopliae was visibly faster than that of susceptible strains (S). The gut microbiota of the S strain indicated a stronger ability to inhibit fungi in vitro. The abundance of Parabacteroides, Lachnoclostridium, and Tyzzerella_3 decreased significantly in the R strain, and most demonstrated the ability to regulate glucose and lipid metabolism, and antifungal infections. The expression levels of Akirin, BgTPS, and BgPo genes in the R strain were significantly lower than those in the S strain, while BgChi and CYP4G19 gene expression were significantly higher. The mortality of cockroaches infected with M. anisopliae decreased to varying degrees after RNA interference, reflecting the role of these genes in antifungal infection. CONCLUSIONS Results confirmed that insecticide resistance may enhance cockroach susceptibility to fungi by altering intestinal flora and gene expression. Fungal biopesticides have high utilization value in pest control and insecticide resistance management strategies. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Cui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Pathology, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Ya Nan Zang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Hai Zheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Cai Xia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Bao Rui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Hua Xue
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Coby Schal
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Xing Meng Lu
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Pathology, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dong Qin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Xue Xia Zhang
- School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
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Hlaoui A, Chiesa O, Figueroa CC, Souissi R, Mazzoni E, Boukhris-Bouhachem S. Target site mutations underlying insecticide resistance in Tunisian populations of Myzus persicae (Sulzer) on peach orchards and potato crops. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:1594-1604. [PMID: 34984812 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The massive use of synthetic insecticides strongly affects the level of insecticide resistance in populations of Myzus persicae worldwide. The selection of target site insensitivity-mutations is particularly worrying in areas where agro-industrial crops are vulnerable to the attacks of aphids that vector viruses, as in the case of Tunisia. Knowledge of the resistance mechanisms evolved locally in this aphid pest is a prerequisite to improving and retaining the sustainability of integrated pest management strategies. RESULTS Target site mutations were surveyed in several populations of M. persicae collected from peach and potato crops between 2011 and 2017 in three Tunisian regions using real-time allele-specific PCR. The L1014F mutation (kdr locus) was found at a moderate frequency mostly in the heterozygous state and the homozygous resistant genotype was very uncommon. The M918T mutation (super-kdr locus) was present in a few heterozygous individuals, whereas the M918L mutation was detected for the first time in Tunisia and extreme North Africa. This latter mutation was shown to be widespread and well-established in Tunisia mainly as homozygous individuals, and was more abundant on peach than on potato crops. The S431F mutation (MACE) was found in a few heterozygous individuals. No individuals carrying the R81T mutation linked to neonicotinoid resistance were detected. CONCLUSION This study points out a critical situation for the efficacy of pyrethroid insecticides to control M. persicae populations in Tunisia. It also confirms the rapid spread of the M918L mutation which has been detected in many different areas of the Mediterranean basin. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amen Hlaoui
- Laboratoire de Protection des Végétaux, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique de Tunisie, INRAT, Université de Carthage, Ariana, Tunisie
- Département Santé Végétale et Environnement, Institut National Agronomique de Tunisie, INAT, Université de Carthage, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Olga Chiesa
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Christian C Figueroa
- Centre for Molecular and Functional Ecology in Agroecosystems, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Rebha Souissi
- Laboratoire de Protection des Végétaux, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique de Tunisie, INRAT, Université de Carthage, Ariana, Tunisie
| | - Emanuele Mazzoni
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Sonia Boukhris-Bouhachem
- Laboratoire de Protection des Végétaux, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique de Tunisie, INRAT, Université de Carthage, Ariana, Tunisie
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Boné E, Aráoz B, González-Audino P, Sfara V. Feeding Behaviour of a Pyrethroid-Resistant Strain of the German Cockroach Blattella germanica (Linnaeus, 1767). NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 51:221-229. [PMID: 34988946 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-021-00937-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Many authors report biological differences among insecticide-resistant pest species, mainly associated with parameters of life history, but only a few studies approach differences at the behavioural level. Feeding behaviour in Blattella germanica (L.) is modulated by the detection of chemical volatiles emitted from food sources in order to be located a long-median distance, and also by the physicochemical properties of food. This work aimed to study the differences in the feeding behaviour of a susceptible and a pyrethroid-resistant strain of B. germanica, in the location and exploitation of a food source. Resistant males showed a lower performance in the feeding behaviour compared to susceptible males. Particularly, the time taken to locate the source was significantly higher in the resistant individuals, suggesting a lower capacity in the detection of food odours. In addition, although the Intake rate was negatively related to the stiffness of food for both strains, resistant individuals showed a lower intake rate compared to susceptible ones, when exploiting a food source of the same stiffness. In a control context, the phenotypic characteristics associated to feeding of pyrethroid-resistant individuals could induce a behavioural resistance mechanism caused by a reduction in the amount of toxic gel bait ingested. If that is the case, resistance of this strain would not be associated to physiological changes affecting the toxicity of the active principle of gel baits, but to a lower efficacy of these products against resistant individuals due to less amount of gel consumed, generating control problems of this pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiliano Boné
- Instituto de Investigación Y Ingeniería Ambiental (IIIA), CONICET-UNSAM, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Beatriz Aráoz
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Tecnologías Emergentes Y Ciencias Aplicadas (ITECA), UNSAM, CONICET, San Martín, Buenos Aires, ECyT, Argentina
| | - Paola González-Audino
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones de Plagas Y Insecticidas (CIPEIN-UNIDEF-CITEDEF-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Valeria Sfara
- Instituto de Investigación Y Ingeniería Ambiental (IIIA), CONICET-UNSAM, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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C/EBPα Regulates PxTreh1 and PxTreh2 Trehalase-Related Bt Resistance in Plutella xylostella (L.). INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13040340. [PMID: 35447782 PMCID: PMC9024946 DOI: 10.3390/insects13040340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) is a major agricultural pest of cruciferous vegetables and crops worldwide, causing economic losses of up to USD 5 billion annually. The long-term use of insecticides leads to the rapid evolution of resistance in insects, which greatly increases the difficulty of controlling pests. Trehalase regulates energy metabolism in insects by converting trehalose into two glucose molecules. The existence of trehalase is critical for insect flight and larval stress resistance. However, whether trehalase participates in the development of pesticide resistance remains unclear. In this study, we found that the activity of trehalase and the levels of gene expression in Bt-resistant and field populations of P. xylostella were significantly higher than they were in the susceptible strains. By analyzing the promoter sequences of PxTreh1 and PxTreh2, we confirmed the interaction between C/EBPα and the PxTreh2 promoter. The findings of this study suggest that C/EBPα mediates the adaptability of P. xylostella to adverse environmental stressors by regulating the expression of trehalase. Abstract Trehalase regulates energy metabolism in insects by converting trehalose into two glucose molecules. High amounts of trehalase are critical for insect flight and larval stress resistance. However, whether trehalase participates in the development of pesticide resistance remains unclear. In this study, we explored this phenomenon and the mechanism that underlies the regulation of Trehalase transcription. We found that overexpression of PxTreh1 and PxTreh2 induced Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) resistance in Plutella xylostella. The promoter sequences of PxTreh1 and PxTreh2 were also cloned and identified. The dual-luciferase reporter system and RNA interference technology revealed that the expression of PxTreh1 and PxTreh2 genes is possibly regulated by the CCAAT enhancer-binding protein (C/EBPα). A yeast one-hybrid experiment confirmed the interaction between C/EBPα and the PxTreh2 promoter. The findings of this study suggest that C/EBPα mediates the adaptability of P. xylostella to adverse environmental stressors by regulating the expression of trehalase.
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Elias Oliveira Padovez F, Hideo Kanno R, Omoto C, Sartori Guidolin A. Fitness costs associated with chlorantraniliprole resistance in Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) strains with different genetic backgrounds. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:1279-1286. [PMID: 34854222 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) is a difficult pest to manage mainly because of its resistance to insecticides and Bt proteins. We evaluated fitness costs of S. frugiperda resistant strains to diamide insecticides with different genetic backgrounds aiming to highlight the importance of using isogenic strains. We established a near-isogenic strain of S. frugiperda resistant to diamides (Iso-RR), using a chlorantraniliprole resistant strain (RR) selected from a field-collected population and a susceptible reference strain (SS). Fitness costs were assayed using strains with close-related genetic backgrounds (Iso-RR and SS) and strains with distant-related genetic backgrounds (RR and SS). RESULTS No fitness cost associated with chlorantraniliprole resistance in S. frugiperda was observed using the Iso-RR strain, based on life history traits. The only parameter that differs between Iso-RR and SS strains was the mean length of a generation (T), whereas the Iso-RR strain presented T = 35.8 and SS strain showed T = 34.6. On the other hand, a significant fitness cost was detected using the RR strain. All population growth parameters differ between RR and SS strains. Based on the intrinsic rate of population increase (rm ) parameter, the relative fitness estimated was 1.02 for the Iso-RR strain and 0.64 for the RR strain. CONCLUSION The genetic background of the resistant strains alters fitness cost outcomes. The RR strain showed fitness costs associated with resistance, but the Iso-RR did not. Our work supports the decision-making process of resistance management programs and adds to the growing body of research that enlightens the importance of strain genetics in fitness cost experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Elias Oliveira Padovez
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, University of Sao Paulo, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (USP/ESALQ), Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Rubens Hideo Kanno
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, University of Sao Paulo, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (USP/ESALQ), Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Celso Omoto
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, University of Sao Paulo, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (USP/ESALQ), Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Aline Sartori Guidolin
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, University of Sao Paulo, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (USP/ESALQ), Piracicaba, Brazil
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Ishimota M, Kodama M, Tomiyama N. Possible enzymatic mechanism underlying chemical tolerance and characteristics of tolerant population in Scapholeberis kingi. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:18989-19002. [PMID: 34705208 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17071-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
To determine the potential effects of pesticides on aquatic organisms inhabiting a realistic environment, we explored the characteristics and mechanisms of chemical tolerance in Scapholeberis kingi(Cladocera). We established a chemical-tolerant population via continuous exposure to pirimicarb, an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor, and examined the effects of pirimicarb concentration on the intrinsic growth rates (r) of tolerant cladocerans. We also explored the association between r and feeding rate and tested the involvement of antioxidant enzymes [peroxidase (PO) and superoxide dismutase] and AChE in pirimicarb sensitivity. S. kingi was continuously exposed to lethal and sublethal pirimicarb concentrations (0, 2.5, 5, and 10 µg/L) for 15 generations, and changes (half maximal effective concentration at 48 h, 48 h-EC50) in chemical sensitivity were investigated. In the F14 generation, the sensitivity of the 10 µg/L group was three times lower than that of the control group, suggesting the acquisition of chemical tolerance. Moreover, r was significantly and negatively correlated with 48 h-EC50, suggesting a fitness cost for tolerance. Surprisingly, there was no significant correlation between r and feeding rate. There was a weak but significant positive correlation between each enzyme activity and the 48 h-EC50 value (p < 0.05). Thus, oxidative stress regulation and enhanced AChE may be involved in the acquisition of chemical tolerance in cladocerans. These findings will help elucidate the characteristics and mechanisms of chemical tolerance in aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Ishimota
- Laboratory of Residue Analysis II, Chemistry Division, The Institute of Environmental Toxicology, Uchimoriya-machi, Joso-shi, 4321, Ibaraki, 303-0043, Japan.
| | - Mebuki Kodama
- Laboratory of Residue Analysis II, Chemistry Division, The Institute of Environmental Toxicology, Uchimoriya-machi, Joso-shi, 4321, Ibaraki, 303-0043, Japan
| | - Naruto Tomiyama
- Laboratory of Residue Analysis II, Chemistry Division, The Institute of Environmental Toxicology, Uchimoriya-machi, Joso-shi, 4321, Ibaraki, 303-0043, Japan
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81
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The ACE genes in Aphelenchoides besseyi isolates and their expression correlation to the fenamiphos treatment. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1975. [PMID: 35132122 PMCID: PMC8821594 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05998-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aphelenchoides besseyi could cause great yield losses of rice and many economically important crops. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors were commonly used to manage plant-parasitic nematodes. However, nematodes resistant to AChE inhibitors have been increasingly reported due to the extensive use of these chemicals. The current study was aimed to establish the correlation between fenamiphos (an AChE-inhibitor) sensitivities and acetylcholinesterase genes (ace) by analyzing two isolates of A. besseyi (designated Rl and HSF), which displayed differential sensitivities to fenamiphos. The concentrations of fenamiphos that led to the death of 50% (LD50) of Rl and HSF were 572.2 ppm and 129.4 ppm, respectively. Three ace genes were cloned from A. besseyi and sequenced. Sequence searching and phylogenic analyses revealed that AChEs of R1 and HSF shared strong similarities with those of various vertebrate and invertebrate species. Molecular docking analysis indicated that AChEs-HSF had much higher affinities to fenamiphos than AChEs-R1. Quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR analyses revealed that expression of three ace genes were downregulated in HSF but were upregulated in Rl after exposure to 100 ppm fenamiphos for 12 h. The results indicated that the expression of the ace genes was modulated in response to fenamiphos in different nematode strains. An increased expression of the ace genes might contribute to fenamiphos-insensitivity as seen in the Rl isolate.
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82
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Ijaz M, Shad SA. Stability and fitness cost associated with spirotetramat resistance in Oxycarenus hyalinipennis Costa (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae). PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:572-578. [PMID: 34596320 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dusky cotton bug, Oxycarenus hyalinipennis Costa (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae) is an important pest of cotton and causing economic losses to this crop. It also remains active round the year, infesting a number of host plants. Spirotetramat is a systemic insecticide and is effective against many sucking insect pests. A field collected population of O. hyalinipennis was reared in the laboratory under continuous spirotetramat selection pressure for 21 generations for the development of resistance to spirotetramat. The Spiro-Sel population was further reared for seven generations without insecticide exposure to assess the stability of spirotetramat resistance. Leaf dip method was used for the bioassays and selection. In this study, the impact of spirotetramat resistance on its stability and life history traits of Spiro-Sel, C1 (15 Spiro-Sel♀ × 15 UNSEL ♂) and C2 (15 Spiro-Sel♂ × 15 UNSEL ♀) O. hyalinipennis was assessed. RESULTS Spiro-Sel (G21 ) population developed 2333-fold and 20.83-fold resistance compared with the susceptible and unselected (UNSEL) populations, respectively. Resistance to spirotetramat was unstable after seven generations (G28 ) when reared without exposure to any insecticide. A significant reduction in overall nymphal survival, fecundity, egg hatching and net reproductive rate of Spiro-Sel population was observed when compared with UNSEL population. Intrinsic rate of natural increase, biotic potential and mean relative growth rate were also lower in Spiro-Sel population compared to UNSEL population. The Spiro-Sel, C1 and C2 population had a relative fitness of 0.44, 0.51 and 0.44, respectively. CONCLUSION Results of our study suggested that fitness cost is involved in the development of spirotetramat resistance. Unstable resistance and high fitness cost may provide great benefits to limit the evolution of resistance to spirotetramat in O. hyalinipennis. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamuna Ijaz
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Sarfraz A Shad
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
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83
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Sun X, Wei R, Li L, Zhu B, Liang P, Gao X. Resistance and fitness costs in diamondback moths after selection using broflanilide, a novel meta-diamide insecticide. INSECT SCIENCE 2022; 29:188-198. [PMID: 33860634 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The diamondback moth (DBM) Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) is an insect pest found around the world that feeds on cruciferous crops. The DBM has become resistant to most insecticides in current use in the field. Broflanilide is a novel meta-diamide insecticide that binds to a new site on the γ-aminobutyric acid receptor and very efficiently protects against most pests in the order Lepidoptera, including DBM. In this study, the resistance of a laboratory-bred susceptible strain of DBM to broflanilide and the fitness costs posed by broflanilide to the DBM were evaluated. The DBM had no obvious resistance to broflanilide after 10 generations of selection. The realized heritability h2 was 0.033, suggesting a low risk of resistance developing in this strain. The F10 generation had no cross-resistance to the insecticides abamectin and endosulfan (which target the γ-aminobutyric acid receptor) and chlorantraniliprole (which targets a non-γ-aminobutyric acid receptor). The specific activities of important detoxification enzymes (cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, esterase, and glutathione S-transferase) were not obviously altered. However, the larval stage was prolonged and the adult stage was shortened significantly in F11 generation than the F0 generation. The total preoviposition period TPOP significantly prolonged 1.90 d in F11 generation. The fitness value Rf (0.93) was lower for the F11 generation than the F0 generation. The results indicated that long-term exposure to broflanilide exerts clear fitness costs in the DBM. This information will be useful in identifying reasonable broflanilide application guidelines for managing broflanilide resistance in the DBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Sun
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Rui Wei
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Linhong Li
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Bin Zhu
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Pei Liang
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiwu Gao
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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84
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Kaduskar B, Kushwah RBS, Auradkar A, Guichard A, Li M, Bennett JB, Julio AHF, Marshall JM, Montell C, Bier E. Reversing insecticide resistance with allelic-drive in Drosophila melanogaster. Nat Commun 2022; 13:291. [PMID: 35022402 PMCID: PMC8755802 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27654-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A recurring target-site mutation identified in various pests and disease vectors alters the voltage gated sodium channel (vgsc) gene (often referred to as knockdown resistance or kdr) to confer resistance to commonly used insecticides, pyrethroids and DDT. The ubiquity of kdr mutations poses a major global threat to the continued use of insecticides as a means for vector control. In this study, we generate common kdr mutations in isogenic laboratory Drosophila strains using CRISPR/Cas9 editing. We identify differential sensitivities to permethrin and DDT versus deltamethrin among these mutants as well as contrasting physiological consequences of two different kdr mutations. Importantly, we apply a CRISPR-based allelic-drive to replace a resistant kdr mutation with a susceptible wild-type counterpart in population cages. This successful proof-of-principle opens-up numerous possibilities including targeted reversion of insecticide-resistant populations to a native susceptible state or replacement of malaria transmitting mosquitoes with those bearing naturally occurring parasite resistant alleles. Insecticide resistance (IR) poses a major global health challenge. Here, the authors generate common IR mutations in laboratory Drosophila strains and use a CRISPR-based allelic-drive to replace an IR allele with a susceptible wild-type counterpart, providing a potent new tool for vector control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhagyashree Kaduskar
- Tata Institute for Genetics and Society, Center at inStem, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560065, India.,Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.,Tata Institute for Genetics and Society, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Raja Babu Singh Kushwah
- Tata Institute for Genetics and Society, Center at inStem, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560065, India.,Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.,Tata Institute for Genetics and Society, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Ankush Auradkar
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Annabel Guichard
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.,Tata Institute for Genetics and Society, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Menglin Li
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA.,Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Jared B Bennett
- Biophysics Graduate Group, Division of Biological Sciences, College of Letters and Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | | | - John M Marshall
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology - School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.,Innovative Genomics Institute, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Craig Montell
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA.,Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Ethan Bier
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA. .,Tata Institute for Genetics and Society, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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85
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Wazir S, Shad SA. Development of fipronil resistance, fitness cost, cross-resistance to other insecticides, stability, and risk assessment in Oxycarenus hyalinipennis (Costa). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 803:150026. [PMID: 34500277 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are extensively used to control pests, diseases, and weeds in order to increase agricultural production. Usage of indiscriminate doses and persistent pesticides has not only caused resistance issues in insect pests but has also had deleterious effects on non-target organisms (beneficial insects, fish, and wildlife) and caused environmental contamination (soil, water, and air) through leaching, overflow, and insecticide spray drift. Exposure from eating food and drinking water contaminated to pesticide residues is also affecting human health. This study was conducted to obtain information to reduce pesticide resistance and environmental pollution. A cotton dusky bug (Oxycarenus hyalinipennis) population was collected from a farmer's field and exposed to fipronil for 18 generations. In comparison to an unselected strain (XYZ-FS) and a field population (Field-Popn), the fipronil-selected strain of O. hyalinipennis (XYZ-FR) developed a 2631.50-fold level of resistance and a 202.42-fold resistance level respectively. Significantly higher fecundity was observed in the XYZ-FS (24.93) compared to that of Hybrid2 (XYZ-FR ♀ XYZ-FS ♂) (17.60), Hybrid1 (XYZ-FR ♂ × XYZ-FS ♀) (17.13), and XYZ-FR (12.6). The intrinsic rate of natural increase, relative fitness and biotic potential were highest in XYZ-FS, followed by Hybrid2, Hybrid1, and XYZ-FR. The XYZ-FR strain of O. hyalinipennis had very low cross-resistance to profenofos (1.15-2.83-fold), and emamectin benzoate (1.09-2.86-fold) and moderate resistance to bifenthrin (5.49-24.54-fold) when selection progressed from G4 to G19. The proper use of this pesticide, along with rotation and a high-dose strategy may helpful to reduce the risk of resistance development and also its negative impacts on the environment and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabana Wazir
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan; Department of Entomology, Central Cotton Research Institute, Old Shujabad Road Multan, Pakistan.
| | - Sarfraz Ali Shad
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan.
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86
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Müller L, Soares GC, Josende ME, Monserrat JM, Ventura-Lima J. OUP accepted manuscript. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2022; 11:402-416. [PMID: 35782638 PMCID: PMC9244223 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfac010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although arsenic (As) is a persistent contaminant in the environment, few studies have assessed its effects over generations, as it requires an animal model with a short lifespan and rapid development, such as the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Furthermore, few studies have evaluated the effects of As metabolites such as dimethylarsinic acid (DMAV), and several authors have considered DMA as a moderately toxic intermediate of As, although recent studies have shown that this chemical form can be more toxic than inorganic arsenic (iAs) even at low concentrations. In the present study, we compared the toxic effects of arsenate (AsV) and DMAV in C. elegans over 5 subsequent generations. We evaluated biochemical parameters such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentration, the activity of antioxidant defense system (ADS) enzymes such as catalase (CAT) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and nonenzymatic components of ADS such as reduced glutathione (GSH) and protein-sulfhydryl groups (P-SH). Exposure to 50 μg L-1 of AsV led to an increase in ROS generation and GSH levels together with a decrease in GST activity, while exposure to DMAV led to an increase in ROS levels, with an increase in lipid peroxidation, CAT activity, and a decrease in GSH levels. In addition, both treatments reduced animal growth from the third generation onward and caused disturbances in their reproduction throughout all 5 generations. This study shows that the accumulated effects of DMA need to be considered; it highlights the importance of this type of multigenerational approach for evaluating the effects of organic contaminants considered low or nontoxic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Müller
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Av. Itália KM 8, RS 96203-900, Brazil
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas (PPGCF) - FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Corrêa Soares
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Av. Itália KM 8, RS 96203-900, Brazil
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas (PPGCF) - FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Estrella Josende
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Av. Itália KM 8, RS 96203-900, Brazil
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas (PPGCF) - FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - José Maria Monserrat
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Av. Itália KM 8, RS 96203-900, Brazil
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas (PPGCF) - FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliane Ventura-Lima
- Corresponding author: Universidade Federal do Rio Grande—FURG, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Av. Itália, Km 08, Rio Grande, RS 96201-900, Brazil.
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87
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Hu L, Sun Z, Xu C, Wang J, Mallik AU, Gu C, Chen D, Lu L, Zeng R, Song Y. High nitrogen in maize enriches gut microbiota conferring insecticide tolerance in lepidopteran pest Spodoptera litura. iScience 2022; 25:103726. [PMID: 35072013 PMCID: PMC8762471 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Abuse of chemical fertilizers and insecticides has created many environmental and human health hazards. We hypothesized that high nitrogen (N) in crops changes insect gut microbiota leading to enhanced insecticide tolerance. We investigated the effect of high N in maize on gut microbiota and insecticide tolerance of the polyphagous pest Spodoptera litura. Bioassays showed that high N applied in both maize plants and artificial diets significantly enhanced larval growth but reduced larval sensitivity to the insecticide methomyl. High N promoted the gut bacterial abundance in the genus Enterococcus. Inoculation with two strains (E. mundtii and E. casseliflavus) isolated from the larval guts increased larval tolerance to methomyl. Incorporation of antibiotics in a high-N diet increased the larval sensitivity to methomyl. These findings suggest that excessive application of N fertilizer to crops can increase insecticide tolerance of insect pests via changing gut microbiota, leading to increased use of insecticides worldwide. High N applied in maize plants enhances insect tolerance to the insecticide methomyl High N promotes the gut bacterial proliferation in the genus Enterococcus Two gut bacterial strains (E. mundtii and E. casseliflavus) degrade methomyl Depleting the gut microbiota in S. litura increased larval sensitivity to methomyl
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Environment Change and Resources Utilization of Ministry of Education, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Zhongxiang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Cuicui Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Azim U. Mallik
- Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Chengzhen Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Daoqian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Long Lu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Rensen Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yuanyuan Song
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Corresponding author
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88
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Lange JD, Bastide H, Lack JB, Pool JE. A Population Genomic Assessment of Three Decades of Evolution in a Natural Drosophila Population. Mol Biol Evol 2021; 39:6491261. [PMID: 34971382 PMCID: PMC8826484 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msab368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Population genetics seeks to illuminate the forces shaping genetic variation, often based on a single snapshot of genomic variation. However, utilizing multiple sampling times to study changes in allele frequencies can help clarify the relative roles of neutral and non-neutral forces on short time scales. This study compares whole-genome sequence variation of recently collected natural population samples of Drosophila melanogaster against a collection made approximately 35 years prior from the same locality—encompassing roughly 500 generations of evolution. The allele frequency changes between these time points would suggest a relatively small local effective population size on the order of 10,000, significantly smaller than the global effective population size of the species. Some loci display stronger allele frequency changes than would be expected anywhere in the genome under neutrality—most notably the tandem paralogs Cyp6a17 and Cyp6a23, which are impacted by structural variation associated with resistance to pyrethroid insecticides. We find a genome-wide excess of outliers for high genetic differentiation between old and new samples, but a larger number of adaptation targets may have affected SNP-level differentiation versus window differentiation. We also find evidence for strengthening latitudinal allele frequency clines: northern-associated alleles have increased in frequency by an average of nearly 2.5% at SNPs previously identified as clinal outliers, but no such pattern is observed at random SNPs. This project underscores the scientific potential of using multiple sampling time points to investigate how evolution operates in natural populations, by quantifying how genetic variation has changed over ecologically relevant timescales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy D Lange
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706
| | - Héloïse Bastide
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706
| | - Justin B Lack
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706
| | - John E Pool
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706
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89
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Ingham VA, Tennessen JA, Lucas ER, Elg S, Yates HC, Carson J, Guelbeogo WM, Sagnon N, Hughes GL, Heinz E, Neafsey DE, Ranson H. Integration of whole genome sequencing and transcriptomics reveals a complex picture of the reestablishment of insecticide resistance in the major malaria vector Anopheles coluzzii. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009970. [PMID: 34941884 PMCID: PMC8741062 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Insecticide resistance is a major threat to gains in malaria control, which have been stalling and potentially reversing since 2015. Studies into the causal mechanisms of insecticide resistance are painting an increasingly complicated picture, underlining the need to design and implement targeted studies on this phenotype. In this study, we compare three populations of the major malaria vector An. coluzzii: a susceptible and two resistant colonies with the same genetic background. The original colonised resistant population rapidly lost resistance over a 6-month period, a subset of this population was reselected with pyrethroids, and a third population of this colony that did not lose resistance was also available. The original resistant, susceptible and re-selected colonies were subject to RNAseq and whole genome sequencing, which identified a number of changes across the transcriptome and genome linked with resistance. Firstly, an increase in the expression of genes within the oxidative phosphorylation pathway were seen in both resistant populations compared to the susceptible control; this translated phenotypically through an increased respiratory rate, indicating that elevated metabolism is linked directly with resistance. Genome sequencing highlighted several blocks clearly associated with resistance, including the 2Rb inversion. Finally, changes in the microbiome profile were seen, indicating that the microbial composition may play a role in the resistance phenotype. Taken together, this study reveals a highly complicated phenotype in which multiple transcriptomic, genomic and microbiome changes combine to result in insecticide resistance. Insecticide resistance in major malaria vectors represents the single biggest threat to malaria control programs, which are heavily reliant upon insecticide-based interventions. Studying resistance using multi-omics approaches has proven difficult due to the use of susceptible comparator populations that have been colonised in a laboratory setting for decades, leading to substantial noise in the data due to differing genetic backgrounds. Here, we utilise a resistant Anopheles coluzzii population from Burkina Faso, a derived population that rapidly lost resistance over a 6-month period, and a population re-selected after loss of resistance to explore causative mechanisms of insecticide resistance. To determine the underlying cause of this phenotype, we use RNAseq, whole genome sequencing and lab-based validation to show changes in respiratory rate, wide-ranging genomic changes and alterations in the microbiome are linked to resistance in this population. These findings demonstrate the complexity of resistance and the challenges in utilising diagnostic markers for resistance in a field setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria A. Ingham
- Vector Biology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Parasitology Unit, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- * E-mail: (VAI); (HR)
| | - Jacob A. Tennessen
- The Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Eric R. Lucas
- Vector Biology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Sara Elg
- Vector Biology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jessica Carson
- Vector Biology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | | | - N’Fale Sagnon
- Centre National de Recherche et de Formation sur le Paludisme, Ougadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Grant L. Hughes
- Vector Biology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Eva Heinz
- Vector Biology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel E. Neafsey
- The Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Hilary Ranson
- Vector Biology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (VAI); (HR)
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90
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Lorenzi T, Pugliese A, Sensi M, Zardini A. Evolutionary dynamics in an SI epidemic model with phenotype-structured susceptible compartment. J Math Biol 2021; 83:72. [PMID: 34873675 DOI: 10.1007/s00285-021-01703-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
We present an SI epidemic model whereby a continuous structuring variable captures variability in proliferative potential and resistance to infection among susceptible individuals. The occurrence of heritable, spontaneous changes in these phenotypic characteristics and the presence of a fitness trade-off between resistance to infection and proliferative potential are explicitly incorporated into the model. The model comprises an ordinary differential equation for the number of infected individuals that is coupled with a partial integrodifferential equation for the population density function of susceptible individuals through an integral term. The expression for the basic reproduction number [Formula: see text] is derived, the disease-free equilibrium and endemic equilibrium of the model are characterised and a threshold theorem involving [Formula: see text] is proved. Analytical results are integrated with the results of numerical simulations of a calibrated version of the model based on the results of artificial selection experiments in a host-parasite system. The results of our mathematical study disentangle the impact of different evolutionary parameters on the spread of infectious diseases and the consequent phenotypic adaption of susceptible individuals. In particular, these results provide a theoretical basis for the observation that infectious diseases exerting stronger selective pressures on susceptible individuals and being characterised by higher infection rates are more likely to spread. Moreover, our results indicate that heritable, spontaneous phenotypic changes in proliferative potential and resistance to infection can either promote or prevent the spread of infectious diseases depending on the strength of selection acting on susceptible individuals prior to infection. Finally, we demonstrate that, when an endemic equilibrium is established, higher levels of resistance to infection and lower degrees of phenotypic heterogeneity among susceptible individuals are to be expected in the presence of infections which are characterised by lower rates of death and exert stronger selective pressures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Lorenzi
- Department of Mathematical Sciences "G. L. Lagrange", Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2022, Politecnico di Torino, 10129, Turin, Italy.
| | - Andrea Pugliese
- Department of Mathematics, Università di Trento, Via Sommarive 14, 38123, Povo, TN, Italy
| | - Mattia Sensi
- Department of Mathematics, Università di Trento, Via Sommarive 14, 38123, Povo, TN, Italy
| | - Agnese Zardini
- Department of Mathematics, Università di Trento, Via Sommarive 14, 38123, Povo, TN, Italy
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91
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Ishimota M, Tomiyama N. Generational sensitivity alteration in Chironomus yoshimatsui to carbamate and pharmaceutical chemicals and the effect on Catalase, CYP450, and hemoglobin gene transcription. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2021; 30:2119-2131. [PMID: 34623547 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-021-02484-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
To ascertain the tolerance mechanisms of aquatic organisms to artificial chemicals, intergenerational sensitivity changes of Chironomus yoshimatsui to a carbamate pesticide (pirimicarb) and pharmaceutical chemical (diazepam) were investigated. The larvae (<48-h-old) in each generation were exposed to both chemicals for 48 h and then the surviving chironomids were cultured until the fifth generation (F0-F4) without chemical addition. The 48-h 50% effective concentration (EC50) value of chironomids was determined for each generation. In the pirimicarb treatment group, the EC50 values significantly increased in F3 and F4, and those in the diazepam treatment group slightly increased. Catalase, Cytochrome P450 and hemoglobin (Hb) mRNA levels were monitored to see whether these were related to the trans-generational sensitivity. Although the generalized linear model results showed that the sensitivity to diazepam was slightly increased in the diazepam treatment, we could not find any mRNA levels related to sensitivity alteration. In contrast, the model approach showed that the chironomids exposed to pirimicarb trans-generationally became tolerant with increasing Hb mRNA levels. Therefore, they might decrease their chemical stress by modifying Hb gene transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Ishimota
- The Institute of Environmental Toxicology, Laboratory of Residue Analysis II, Chemistry Division, Joso-shi, Ibaraki, Japan.
| | - Naruto Tomiyama
- The Institute of Environmental Toxicology, Laboratory of Residue Analysis II, Chemistry Division, Joso-shi, Ibaraki, Japan
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92
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Wazir S, Shad SA. Sulfoxaflor resistance in Oxycarenus hyalinipennis (Costa) induces negligible cross-resistance to other tested insecticides: stability, risk assessment, and fitness cost. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:5547-5556. [PMID: 34390527 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxycarenus hyalinipennis (Costa) (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae) is a polyphagous insect pest. In Pakistan, O. hyalinipennis is managed by using different insecticides, a major concern for cotton producers, and has developed resistance to many of these. Sulfoxaflor belongs to a newly released sulfoximine family that has high efficacy for controlling sap-feeding insect pests. RESULTS A sulfoxaflor selected-population (Sulfo-Sel-Pop) of O. hyalinipennis showed a 3064.92-fold level of resistance after continuous selection for 18 generations with sulfoxaflor compared to unselected population (UNSel-Pop). The Sulfo-Sel-Pop showed a reduction in resistance (from 3064.92 to 635-fold) without exposure for five generations, indicating unstable resistance to sulfoxaflor. Cross-resistance studies of the Sulfo-Sel-Pop revealed no or very low cross-resistance to triazophos (0.42 to 0.30-fold), deltamethrin (0.85 to 0.18-fold) and acetamiprid (1.16 to 4.86-fold) from G4 to G19 compared to the field population (Field-Pop). The mean value of realized heritability was 0.15 in the Sulfo-Sel-Pop (G19 ). Significantly reduced relative fitness was determined in the Sulfo-Sel-Pop (Rf = 0.21) followed by Cross1 [(Sulfo-Sel-Pop ♂ × UNSel-Pop ♀) (Rf = 0.58)], and Cross2 [(Sulfo-Sel-Pop ♀ × UNSel-Pop ♂) (Rf = 0.70)] compared with the UNSel-Pop. The values of intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm ), biotic potential (Bp) fecundity, egg hatching, and net reproductive rate (R0) were also significantly less in the Sulfo-Sel-Pop compared to UNSel-Pop. CONCLUSION A very high fitness cost, unstable resistance and no or very low cross-resistance in the Sulfo-Sel-Pop have great implications in designing effective strategies for managing insecticide resistance to O. hyalinipennis. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabana Wazir
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
- Department of Entomology, Central Cotton Research Institute, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Sarfraz A Shad
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
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93
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Qin Y, Xu P, Jin R, Li Z, Ma K, Wan H, Li J. Resistance of Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) to triflumezopyrim: inheritance and fitness costs. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:5566-5575. [PMID: 34390298 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triflumezopyrim, a novel commercialized mesoionic chemical insecticide, has been confirmed as a promising insecticide for efficiently controlling the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål). Here, a laboratory triflumezopyrim-resistant (TR) strain and an isogenic susceptible (TS) strain were established to characterize the inheritance and fitness costs of triflumezopyrim resistance in N. lugens. RESULTS After 29 generations of successive selection with triflumezopyrim, the TR strain developed a 155.23-fold higher resistance level than the TS strain. The median lethal concentration (LC50 ) values from progenies (F1 RS and F1 SR) of reciprocal crosses between TR and TS strains suggested that triflumezopyrim resistance in N. lugens was autosomal and codominant. Chi-square analyses of self-bred and backcrossed progenies suggested that the resistance results from a polygenic effect. Compared to the TS strain, the TR strain showed a lower relative fitness (0.62) with a significantly decreased female adult period, longevity, total fecundity, egg hatchability, intrinsic rate of increase (r), finite rate of increase (λ), net reproductive rate (R0 ), and prolonged pre-adult period and total preoviposition period (TPOP). CONCLUSION The inheritance mode of triflumezopyrim resistance in N. lugens was characterized as autosomal, codominant and polygenic. The resistance had a fitness cost, which may be an important factor limiting the evolution of resistance. These findings provide valuable information for optimizing resistance management strategies to delay triflumezopyrim resistance development and maintain sustainable control of N. lugens. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Qin
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Pengfei Xu
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Ruoheng Jin
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Zhao Li
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Kangsheng Ma
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Hu Wan
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Jianhong Li
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China
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Cattel J, Minier M, Habchi-Hanriot N, Pol M, Faucon F, Gaude T, Gaborit P, Issaly J, Ferrero E, Chandre F, Pocquet N, David JP, Dusfour I. Impact of selection regime and introgression on deltamethrin resistance in the arbovirus vector Aedes aegypti - a comparative study between contrasted situations in New Caledonia and French Guiana. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:5589-5598. [PMID: 34398490 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pyrethroid insecticides such as deltamethrin have been massively used against Aedes aegypti leading to the spread of resistance alleles worldwide. In an insecticide resistance management context, we evaluated the temporal dynamics of deltamethrin resistance using two distinct populations carrying resistant alleles at different frequencies. Three different scenarios were followed: a continuous selection, a full release of selection, or a repeated introgression with susceptible individuals. The responses of each population to these selection regimes were measured across five generations by bioassays and by monitoring the frequency of knockdown resistance (kdr) mutations and the transcription levels and copy number variations of key detoxification enzymes. RESULTS Knockdown resistance mutations, overexpression and copy number variations of detoxification enzymes as a mechanism of metabolic resistance to deltamethrin was found and maintained under selection across generations. On comparison, the release of insecticide pressure for five generations did not affect resistance levels and resistance marker frequencies. However, introgressing susceptible alleles drastically reduced deltamethrin resistance in only three generations. CONCLUSION The present study confirmed that strategies consisting to stop deltamethrin spraying are likely to fail when the frequencies of resistant alleles are too high and the fitness cost associated to resistance is low. In dead-end situations like in French Guiana where alternative insecticides are not available, alternative control strategies may provide a high benefit for vector control, particularly if they favor the introgression of susceptible alleles in natural populations. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Cattel
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA), UMR 5553 CNRS - Université Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France
- Symbiosis Technologies for Insect Control (SymbioTIC), Plateforme de Recherche Cyroi, Sainte-Clotilde, La Réunion
| | - Marine Minier
- Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie (IPNC), Nouméa, Nouvelle-Calédonie
| | - Nausicaa Habchi-Hanriot
- Vectopôle Amazonien Emile Abonnenc, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana
- ARS La Réunion, Sainte-Clotilde, La Réunion
| | - Morgane Pol
- Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie (IPNC), Nouméa, Nouvelle-Calédonie
| | - Frederic Faucon
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA), UMR 5553 CNRS - Université Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Thierry Gaude
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA), UMR 5553 CNRS - Université Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Pascal Gaborit
- Vectopôle Amazonien Emile Abonnenc, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Jean Issaly
- Vectopôle Amazonien Emile Abonnenc, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Emma Ferrero
- Vectopôle Amazonien Emile Abonnenc, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana
- Ynsect, Damparis, France
| | - Fabrice Chandre
- MIVEGEC, UMR IRD 224-CNRS 5290, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Nicolas Pocquet
- Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie (IPNC), Nouméa, Nouvelle-Calédonie
| | - Jean-Philippe David
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA), UMR 5553 CNRS - Université Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Isabelle Dusfour
- MIVEGEC, UMR IRD 224-CNRS 5290, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Département de Santé Globale, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- MIVEGEC, UMR IRD 224-CNRS 5290-Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Erdos Z, Chandler D, Bass C, Raymond B. Controlling insecticide resistant clones of the aphid, Myzus persicae, using the entomopathogenic fungus Akanthomyces muscarius: fitness cost of resistance under pathogen challenge. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:5286-5293. [PMID: 34310830 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biological control is a cornerstone of integrated pest management and could also play a key role in managing the evolution of insecticide resistance. Ecological theory predicts that the fitness cost of insecticide resistance can be increased under exposure to invertebrate natural enemies or pathogens, and can therefore increase the value of integrating biological control into pest management. In this study of the peach potato aphid, Myzus persicae, we aimed to identify whether insecticide resistance affected fitness and vulnerability of different aphid clones to the entomopathogenic fungus Akanthomyces muscarius. RESULTS Insecticide resistant clones were found to be slightly less susceptible to the pathogen than susceptible clones. However, this pattern could also be explained by the influence of length of laboratory culture, which was longer in susceptible clones and was positively correlated with susceptibility to fungi. Furthermore, resistance status did not affect aphid development time or intrinsic rate of increase of aphids. Finally, in a cage trial the application of fungus did not increase the competitive fitness of insecticide resistant clone 'O'. CONCLUSION We found no fitness cost in reproductive rate or pathogen susceptibility associated with chemical resistance in M. persicae. In contrast, some susceptible clones, particularly those subject to decades of laboratory rearing, showed enhanced susceptibility to a fungal pathogen, but not reduced reproductive fitness, an observation consistent with down-regulation of costly immune functions in culture. Overall, fungal pathogen control is compatible with insecticides and should not increase the selection pressure for resistance of M. persicae to chemical insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltan Erdos
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, Exeter, UK
| | - David Chandler
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Chris Bass
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, Exeter, UK
| | - Ben Raymond
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, Exeter, UK
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96
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Jones RAC, Sharman M, Trębicki P, Maina S, Congdon BS. Virus Diseases of Cereal and Oilseed Crops in Australia: Current Position and Future Challenges. Viruses 2021; 13:2051. [PMID: 34696481 PMCID: PMC8539440 DOI: 10.3390/v13102051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes research on virus diseases of cereals and oilseeds in Australia since the 1950s. All viruses known to infect the diverse range of cereal and oilseed crops grown in the continent's temperate, Mediterranean, subtropical and tropical cropping regions are included. Viruses that occur commonly and have potential to cause the greatest seed yield and quality losses are described in detail, focusing on their biology, epidemiology and management. These are: barley yellow dwarf virus, cereal yellow dwarf virus and wheat streak mosaic virus in wheat, barley, oats, triticale and rye; Johnsongrass mosaic virus in sorghum, maize, sweet corn and pearl millet; turnip yellows virus and turnip mosaic virus in canola and Indian mustard; tobacco streak virus in sunflower; and cotton bunchy top virus in cotton. The currently less important viruses covered number nine infecting nine cereal crops and 14 infecting eight oilseed crops (none recorded for rice or linseed). Brief background information on the scope of the Australian cereal and oilseed industries, virus epidemiology and management and yield loss quantification is provided. Major future threats to managing virus diseases effectively include damaging viruses and virus vector species spreading from elsewhere, the increasing spectrum of insecticide resistance in insect and mite vectors, resistance-breaking virus strains, changes in epidemiology, virus and vectors impacts arising from climate instability and extreme weather events, and insufficient industry awareness of virus diseases. The pressing need for more resources to focus on addressing these threats is emphasized and recommendations over future research priorities provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger A. C. Jones
- UWA Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Murray Sharman
- Queensland Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Ecosciences Precinct, P.O. Box 267, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia;
| | - Piotr Trębicki
- Grains Innovation Park, Agriculture Victoria, Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, Horsham, VIC 3400, Australia; (P.T.); (S.M.)
| | - Solomon Maina
- Grains Innovation Park, Agriculture Victoria, Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, Horsham, VIC 3400, Australia; (P.T.); (S.M.)
| | - Benjamin S. Congdon
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, South Perth, WA 6151, Australia;
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97
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Andreazza F, Oliveira EE, Martins GF. Implications of Sublethal Insecticide Exposure and the Development of Resistance on Mosquito Physiology, Behavior, and Pathogen Transmission. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12100917. [PMID: 34680686 PMCID: PMC8539869 DOI: 10.3390/insects12100917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Mosquitoes are one of the greatest threats to human lives; they transmit a wide range of pathogens, including viruses that cause lethal diseases. Mosquitoes are found in both aquatic (as larvae or pupae) and terrestrial (as adults) environments during their complex life cycle. For decades, insecticides have been systematically used on mosquitoes with the aim to reduce their population. Little is known about how the stress resulting from the exposure of mosquitoes to insecticides impacts the tri-partite relationship between the mosquitoes, their vertebrate hosts, and the pathogens they transmit. In this work, we review existing experimental evidence to obtain a broad picture on the potential effects of the (sub)lethal exposure of hematophagous mosquitoes to different insecticides. We have focused on studies that have advanced our understanding of their physiological and behavioral responses (including the mechanisms behind insecticide resistance) and the spread of pathogens by these vectors—understudied but critically important issues for epidemiology. Studying these exposure-related effects is of paramount importance for predicting how they respond to insecticide exposure and whether this exposure makes them more or less likely to transmit pathogens. Abstract For many decades, insecticides have been used to control mosquito populations in their larval and adult stages. Although changes in the population genetics, physiology, and behavior of mosquitoes exposed to lethal and sublethal doses of insecticides are expected, the relationships between these changes and their abilities to transmit pathogens remain unclear. Thus, we conducted a comprehensive review on the sublethal effects of insecticides and their contributions to insecticide resistance in mosquitoes, with the main focus on pyrethroids. We discuss the direct and acute effects of sublethal concentrations on individuals and populations, the changes in population genetics caused by the selection for resistance after insecticide exposure, and the major mechanisms underlying such resistance. Sublethal exposures negatively impact the individual’s performance by affecting their physiology and behavior and leaving them at a disadvantage when compared to unexposed organisms. How these sublethal effects could change mosquito population sizes and diversity so that pathogen transmission risks can be affected is less clear. Furthermore, despite the beneficial and acute aspects of lethality, exposure to higher insecticide concentrations clearly impacts the population genetics by selecting resistant individuals, which may bring further and complex interactions for mosquitoes, vertebrate hosts, and pathogens. Finally, we raise several hypotheses concerning how the here revised impacts of insecticides on mosquitoes could interplay with vector-mediated pathogens’ transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Andreazza
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil; (F.A.); (E.E.O.)
| | - Eugênio E. Oliveira
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil; (F.A.); (E.E.O.)
| | - Gustavo Ferreira Martins
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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98
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Freeman JC, Smith LB, Silva JJ, Fan Y, Sun H, Scott JG. Fitness studies of insecticide resistant strains: lessons learned and future directions. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:3847-3856. [PMID: 33506993 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of insecticide resistance is generally thought to be associated with a fitness cost in the absence of insecticide exposure. However, it is not clear how these fitness costs manifest or how universal this phenomenon is. To investigate this, we conducted a literature review of publications that studied fitness costs of insecticide resistance, selected papers that met our criteria for scientific rigor, and analyzed each class of insecticides separately as well as in aggregate. The more than 170 publications on fitness costs of insecticide resistance show that in 60% of the experiments there is a cost to having resistance, particularly for measurements of reversion of resistance and reproduction. There were differences between classes of insecticides, with fitness costs seen less commonly for organochlorines. There was considerable variation in the experiments performed. We suggest that future papers will have maximum value to the community if they quantitatively determine resistance levels, identify the resistance mechanisms present (and the associated mutations), have replicated experiments, use related strains (optimally congenic with the resistance mutation introgressed into different genetic backgrounds) and measure fitness by multiple metrics. Studies on the fitness costs of insecticide resistance will continue to enlighten our understanding of the evolutionary process and provide valuable information for resistance management. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie C Freeman
- Department of Entomology, Comstock Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Letícia B Smith
- Department of Entomology, Comstock Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Juan J Silva
- Department of Entomology, Comstock Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Yinjun Fan
- Department of Entomology, Comstock Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Haina Sun
- Department of Entomology, Comstock Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Jeffrey G Scott
- Department of Entomology, Comstock Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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Residual Tau-Fluvalinate in Honey Bee Colonies Is Coupled with Evidence for Selection for Varroa destructor Resistance to Pyrethroids. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12080731. [PMID: 34442297 PMCID: PMC8397018 DOI: 10.3390/insects12080731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Varroa destructor is considered one of the most devastating parasites of the honey bee, Apis mellifera, and a major problem for the beekeeping industry. Currently, the main method to control Varroa mites is the application of drugs that contain different acaricides as active ingredients. The pyrethroid tau-fluvalinate is one of the acaricides most widely used in beekeeping due to its efficacy and low toxicity to bees. However, the intensive and repetitive application of this compound produces a selective pressure that, when maintained over time, contributes to the emergence of resistant mites in the honey bee colonies, compromising the acaricidal treatments efficacy. Here we studied the presence of tau-fluvalinate residues in hives and the evolution of genetic resistance to this acaricide in Varroa mites from honey bee colonies that received no pyrethroid treatment in the previous four years. Our data revealed the widespread and persistent tau-fluvalinate contamination of beeswax and beebread in hives, an overall increase of the pyrethroid resistance allele frequency and a generalized excess of resistant mites relative to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium expectations. These results suggest that tau-fluvalinate contamination in the hives may seriously compromise the efficacy of pyrethroid-based mite control methods.
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100
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Dângelo RAC, Michereff-Filho M, Inoue-Nagata AK, da Silva PS, Chediak M, Guedes RNC. Area-wide insecticide resistance and endosymbiont incidence in the whitefly Bemisia tabaci MEAM1 (B biotype): A Neotropical context. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2021; 30:1056-1070. [PMID: 34152527 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-021-02432-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Agriculture insecticides are used against insect pest species, but are able to change community structure in contaminated habitats, and also the genetic pool of exposed individuals. In fact, the latter effect is a relevant tool to in situ biomonitoring of pollutant contamination and impact, besides its practical economic and management concerns. This takes place because the emergence of individuals with resistance to insecticides is particularly frequent among insect pest species and usually enhances insecticide overuse and crop losses. Pest insects of global prominence such as whiteflies are a focus of attention due to problems with insecticide resistance and association with endosymbionts, as the case of the invasive putative species Bemisia tabaci MEAM1. The scenario is particularly complex in the Neotropics, where insecticide use is ubiquitous, but whose spatial scale of occurrence is usually neglected. Here we explored the spatial-dependence of both phenomena in MEAM1 whiteflies recording resistance to two widely used insecticides, lambda-cyhalothrin and spiromesifen, and endosymbiont co-occurrence. Resistance to both insecticides was frequent exhibiting low to moderate frequency of lambda-cyhalothrin resistance and moderate to high frequency of spiromesifen resistance. Among the prevailing whitefly endosymbionts, Wolbachia, Cardinium and Arsenophonus were markedly absent. In contrast, Hamiltonella and Rickettsia prevailed and their incidence was correlated. Furthermore, Rickettsia endosymbionts were particularly associated with lambda-cyhalothrin susceptibility. These traits were spatially dependent with significant variation taking place within an area of about 700 Km2. Such findings reinforce the notion of endosymbiont-associated resistance to insecticides, and also of their local incidence allowing spatial mapping and locally-targeted mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A C Dângelo
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - M Michereff-Filho
- EMBRAPA Hortaliças, Rod. BR-060, Km 09 (Brasília/Anápolis), Cx. Postal 218, Brasília, DF, 70275-970, Brazil
| | - A K Inoue-Nagata
- EMBRAPA Hortaliças, Rod. BR-060, Km 09 (Brasília/Anápolis), Cx. Postal 218, Brasília, DF, 70275-970, Brazil
| | - P S da Silva
- EMBRAPA Hortaliças, Rod. BR-060, Km 09 (Brasília/Anápolis), Cx. Postal 218, Brasília, DF, 70275-970, Brazil
| | - M Chediak
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
- ENTO+, Av. Oraida Mendes de Castro 6000, Viçosa, MG, 36570-000, Brazil
| | - R N C Guedes
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil.
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