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Malenica N, Dunić JA, Vukadinović L, Cesar V, Šimić D. Genetic Approaches to Enhance Multiple Stress Tolerance in Maize. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12111760. [PMID: 34828366 PMCID: PMC8617808 DOI: 10.3390/genes12111760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The multiple-stress effects on plant physiology and gene expression are being intensively studied lately, primarily in model plants such as Arabidopsis, where the effects of six stressors have simultaneously been documented. In maize, double and triple stress responses are obtaining more attention, such as simultaneous drought and heat or heavy metal exposure, or drought in combination with insect and fungal infestation. To keep up with these challenges, maize natural variation and genetic engineering are exploited. On one hand, quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with multiple-stress tolerance are being identified by molecular breeding and genome-wide association studies (GWAS), which then could be utilized for future breeding programs of more resilient maize varieties. On the other hand, transgenic approaches in maize have already resulted in the creation of many commercial double or triple stress resistant varieties, predominantly weed-tolerant/insect-resistant and, additionally, also drought-resistant varieties. It is expected that first generation gene-editing techniques, as well as recently developed base and prime editing applications, in combination with the routine haploid induction in maize, will pave the way to pyramiding more stress tolerant alleles in elite lines/varieties on time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nenad Malenica
- Division of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Jasenka Antunović Dunić
- Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University, Cara Hadrijana 8/A, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (J.A.D.); (V.C.)
| | - Lovro Vukadinović
- Agricultural Institute Osijek, Južno Predgrađe 17, 31000 Osijek, Croatia;
| | - Vera Cesar
- Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University, Cara Hadrijana 8/A, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (J.A.D.); (V.C.)
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Crkvena 21, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Domagoj Šimić
- Agricultural Institute Osijek, Južno Predgrađe 17, 31000 Osijek, Croatia;
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding (CroP-BioDiv), Svetošimunska 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +385-31-515-521
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Bamagoos AA, Mallhi ZI, El-Esawi MA, Rizwan M, Ahmad A, Hussain A, Alharby HF, Alharbi BM, Ali S. Alleviating lead-induced phytotoxicity and enhancing the phytoremediation of castor bean ( Ricinus communis L.) by glutathione application: new insights into the mechanisms regulating antioxidants, gas exchange and lead uptake. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2021; 24:933-944. [PMID: 34634959 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2021.1985959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals pollution represents a serious issue for cultivable lands and ultimately threatens the worldwide food security. Lead (Pb) is a menacing metal which induces toxicity in plants and humans. Lead toxicity reduces the photosynthesis in plants, resulting in the reduction of plant growth and biomass. The excessive concentration of Pb in soil accumulates in plants body and enters into food chain, resulting in health hazards in humans. The phytoremediation is eco-friendly and cost-efficient technique to clean up the polluted soils. However, to the best of our Knowledge, there are very few reports addressing the enhancement of the phytoremediation potential of castor bean plants. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the potential role of glutathione (GSH), as a promising plant growth regulator, in enhancing the lead stress tolerance and phytoremediation potential of castor bean plants grown under lead stress conditions. The results indicated that Pb stress reduced the growth, biomass, chlorophyll pigments and gas exchange attributes of castor bean plants, causing oxidative damage in plants. Pb stress induced the oxidative stress markers and activities of antioxidant enzymes. On the other hand, the application of GSH reduced oxidative stress markers, but enhanced the growth, biomass, photosynthetic pigments, gas exchange attributes, Pb accumulation and antioxidant enzymes activities of lead-stressed castor bean plants. Both Pb uptake and Pb accumulation were increased by increasing concentrations of Pb in a dose-additive manner. However, at high dose of exogenous GSH (25 mg L-1) further enhancements were recorded in the Pb uptake in shoot by 48% and in root by 46%; Pb accumulation was further enhanced in shoot by 98% and in root by 101% in comparison with the respective control where no GSH was applied. Taken together, the findings revealed the promising role of GSH in enhancing the lead stress tolerance and phytoremediation potential of castor bean (Ricinus communis) plants cultivated in Pb-polluted soils through regulating leaf gas exchange, antioxidants machinery, and metal uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atif A Bamagoos
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zahid Imran Mallhi
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Awais Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Afzal Hussain
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hesham F Alharby
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basmah M Alharbi
- Biology department, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shafaqat Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Song YJ, Li Y, Leng Y, Li SW. 24-epibrassinolide improves differential cadmium tolerance of mung bean roots, stems, and leaves via amending antioxidative systems similar to that of abscisic acid. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:52032-52045. [PMID: 33999324 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14404-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) pollution has attracted global concern. In the present study, the biochemical mechanisms underlying the amelioration of 24-epibrassinolide (eBL) and abscisic acid (ABA) on Cd tolerance of roots, stems, and leaves in mung bean seedlings were comparatively analyzed. Foliar application of eBL markedly ameliorated the growth of mung bean seedling exposed to 100 μM Cd. eBL alone had no significant effects on the activities of antioxidative enzymes and the contents of glutathione (GSH) and polyphenols in the three organs whereas significantly increased the root, stem, and leaf proline contents on average by 54.9%, 39.9%, and 94.4%, respectively, and leaf malondialdehyde (MDA) content on average by 69.0% compared with the controls. When the plants were exposed to Cd, eBL significantly reversed the Cd-increased root ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, root polyphenol, proline, and GSH levels, leaf chlorophyll contents, and MDA levels in the three organs. eBL significantly restored the Cd-decreased leaf catalase (CAT) activity and leaf polyphenol levels. These results indicated that eBL played roles in maintaining cellular redox homeostasis and evidently alleviated Cd-caused membrane lipid peroxidation via controlling the activity of antioxidative systems. eBL mediated the differential responses of cellular biochemical processes in the three organs to Cd exposure. Furthermore, a comparative analysis revealed that, under Cd stress, the effects of eBL on the biochemical processes were very similar to those of ABA, suggesting that ABA and eBL improve plant Cd tolerance via some common downstream pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Juan Song
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070, P. R. China
| | - Yi Li
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070, P. R. China
| | - Yan Leng
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070, P. R. China
| | - Shi-Weng Li
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070, P. R. China.
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Hassan M, Israr M, Mansoor S, Hussain SA, Basheer F, Azizullah A, Ur Rehman S. Acclimation of cadmium-induced genotoxicity and oxidative stress in mung bean seedlings by priming effect of phytohormones and proline. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257924. [PMID: 34587203 PMCID: PMC8480768 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In this research, eight local mung bean (Vigna radiata) varieties were analyzed for their performance against two levels of CdCl2 solution (0.3 and 0.5 mM) alone and priming with gibberellic acid (GA3) (100 μM), salicylic acid (SA) (50 μM) and proline (5 mM) solution prior to Cd exposure. Mung bean seedlings were analyzed for disturbance in cytological, morphological, biochemical and enzymatic parameters under cadmium stress. For cytological studies, 48 h grown mung bean seedlings root tips were used to prepare slides and studied for percent mitotic index (MI%) and to calculate percent C-mitosis, laggard, sticky and fragmented chromosomes, pictures were captured by a Nikon camera (DS-Fi 1 Japan) attached with a microscope. One-week grown mung seedlings were studied for growth traits, malondialdehyde (MDA), protein, proline and antioxidant enzymes. ANOVA and DMR test of this research revealed that all the tested mung bean varieties and treatments were significantly different regarding mitotic index and number of chromosomal aberrations. Both the Cd treatments exhibited increased total chromosomal aberrations with different types and a maximum decrease in MI%. In pretreated samples, GA3, SA and proline serve as mitigating agents that reduce mutagenic effects of Cd in mung bean by increasing MI% and decreasing chromosomal aberrations as compared to non-pretreated samples. Both the Cd treatments showed a decrease in all growth traits. Total proteins were also found to be significantly reduced in a dose-dependent manner in all genotypes. Cd treatment increased the activities of all antioxidant enzymes tested. Cd caused oxidative damage as indicated by elevated levels of MDA content in treated samples in comparison to control. Proline content levels were also high in Cd treated seedlings indicating stress. Results demonstrated that pretreatment with phytohormones and proline before Cd were found to improve all morphological parameters, by altering antioxidant enzymes activities along with a decrease in MDA and proline contents as well. It was further noticed that the performance of GA3 was better at 0.3 mM Cd treatment while SA was found to be a good mitigating agent at 0.5 mM Cd stress in all tested mung bean varieties. This research concluded less deleterious effects of Cd on AZRI-2006 while more sensitivity to NM-51 towards Cd. Priming with phytohormones and proline is a user-friendly, economical, and simple mitigation strategy to reduce Cd toxicity in plants and get better yield from contaminated lands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meher Hassan
- Department of Genetics, University of Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Israr
- Department of Biology, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
- College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, PR China
| | - Simeen Mansoor
- Department of Genetics, University of Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Syeda Amna Hussain
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Faiza Basheer
- Department of Zoology, Women University Mardan, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
| | - Azizullah Azizullah
- Department of Biology, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Shafiq Ur Rehman
- Department of Biology, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
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Janeeshma E, Puthur JT, Ahmad P. Silicon distribution in leaves and roots of rice and maize in response to cadmium and zinc toxicity and the associated histological variations. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 173:460-471. [PMID: 33305357 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
At present, the levels of cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) in arable land are high and affect the growth and development of important food crops, including rice and maize. However, the application of silicon (Si) in contaminated areas increases the metal tolerance potential of these plants. This work aimed to study the variations in the distribution pattern of endogenous Si in various tissue regions in roots and leaves of rice and maize exposed to cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) stresses. For these experiments, 45 day-old rice (var. Varsha) and maize (var. CoHM6) seedlings were treated with 1.95 g Zn and 0.45 g Cd kg-1 soil. Under Cd stress, the distribution of Si was high in the cortical region of the root, but under Zn stress, the highest Si deposition was found in the endodermis. In leaves, Si deposition was high in both the mesodermis and stelar regions of Cd-treated plants but more Si was deposited in the mesodermis tissue of Zn-treated plants. Heavy metal (Cd and Zn) accumulation and Si deposition showed a strong negative correlation in the roots of rice and maize plants. Complexation with metal ions and redistribution of Si were considered the major mechanisms in Si-mediated mitigation of Cd and Zn stress. Cd- and Zn-induced anatomical changes, such as endodermal thickening, deposits in the xylary elements and aerenchyma formation in the roots of rice and maize, were also associated with the Si distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edappayil Janeeshma
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Division, Department of Botany, University of Calicut, Kozhikode, Kerala, India
| | - Jos T Puthur
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Division, Department of Botany, University of Calicut, Kozhikode, Kerala, India
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Farajzadeh Memari-Tabrizi E, Yousefpour-Dokhanieh A, Babashpour-Asl M. Foliar-applied silicon nanoparticles mitigate cadmium stress through physio-chemical changes to improve growth, antioxidant capacity, and essential oil profile of summer savory (Satureja hortensis L.). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 165:71-79. [PMID: 34034162 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The use of nanofertilizers is a promising method for enhancing plant productivity and mitigating environmental pollution. The aim of this study was to show the silicon nanoparticles (Si-NPs) effects on growth, water content, phenolic and flavonoid content, and essential oil (EO) profile in aerial parts of summer savory (Satureja hortensis L.) in cadmium (Cd)-contaminated soil. The pot experiment was conducted with Cd concentration (0, 10, and 20 mg Cd kg-1 soil) and foliar application of Si-NPs (0, 0.75, 1.5 and 2.25 mM of SiO2). The results revealed severe Cd stress (20 mg Cd kg-1 soil) significantly decreased root and shoot weight, relative water content (RWC) but increased Cd accumulation in roots and shoots and proline concentration. Moderate Cd level (10 mg Cd kg-1 soil) improved total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and EO content. Under Cd stress, the 1.5 or 2.25 mM Si-NPs were highly effective concentrations to improve the growth and EO yield. The main EO constitutes were carvacrol (43.12-57.6%), γ-terpinene (20.56-25.6%), p-cymene (5.53-11.3%), and thymol (1.65-8.2%) with changes in their concentrations under Cd and Si-NPs. Heat map analysis (HMA) showed fresh weight, dry weight, and EO yield with a higher variation during these treatments had the most significant impact on distinguishing the clusters. The present study recommended 1.5-2.25 mM Si-NPs in improving the physio-biochemical status of summer savory plants to cope with Cd stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marzieh Babashpour-Asl
- Department of Horticultural Science, Maragheh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Maragheh, Iran
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Chowardhara B, Saha B, Borgohain P, Awasthi JP, Panda SK. Differential amelioration of cadmium toxicity by sodium nitroprusside and citric acid in Brassica juncea (L.) Czern and Coss. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.102091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Hussain MK, Aziz A, Ditta HMA, Azhar MF, El-Shehawi AM, Hussain S, Mehboob N, Hussain M, Farooq S. Foliar application of seed water extract of Nigella sativa improved maize growth in cadmium-contaminated soil. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254602. [PMID: 34252121 PMCID: PMC8274843 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a widespread heavy metal, which commonly exert negative impacts on agricultural soils and living organisms. Foliar application of seed water extract of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) can mitigate the adverse impacts of Cd-toxicity in plants through its rich antioxidants. This study examined the role of seed water extracts of N. sativa (NSE) in mitigating the adverse impacts of Cd-toxicity on maize growth. Two maize genotypes (synthetic ‘Neelum’ and hybrid ‘P1543’) were grown under 0, 4, 8 and 12 mg Cd kg-1 soil. The NSE was applied at three different concentrations (i.e., 0, 10 and 20%) as foliar spray at 25 and 45 days after sowing. All Cd concentrations had no effect on germination percentage of both genotypes. Increasing Cd concentration linearly decreased root and allometric attributes, gas exchange traits and relative water contents of hybrid genotype. However, gas exchange traits of synthetic genotype remained unaffected by Cd-toxicity. Overall, hybrid genotype showed better tolerance to Cd-toxicity than synthetic genotype with better germination and allometric attributes and less Cd accumulation. Foliar application of NSE lowered negative effects of Cd-toxicity on all studied traits, except relative water contents. In conclusion, foliar application of NSE seemed a viable option to improve maize growth in Cd-contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abida Aziz
- Department of Botany, The Women University, Multan, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Ahmed M. El-Shehawi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sajjad Hussain
- Department of Horticulture, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Noman Mehboob
- Department of Agronomy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Mubshar Hussain
- Department of Agronomy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
- * E-mail:
| | - Shahid Farooq
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Harran University, Şanlıurfa, Turkey
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Migut D, Jańczak-Pieniążek M, Piechowiak T, Buczek J, Balawejder M. Physiological Response of Maize Plants ( Zea mays L.) to the Use of the Potassium Quercetin Derivative. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7384. [PMID: 34299004 PMCID: PMC8306421 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant production technologies based solely on the improvement of plants themselves face obstacles resulting from the natural limitations of the biological potential of varieties. Therefore, new substances are sought that positively influence the growth and development of plants and increase resistance to various biotic and abiotic stresses, which also translates into an increase in obtained yields. The exogenous application of various phytoprotectants shows great promise in terms of cost effectiveness compared to traditional breeding methods or transgenic approaches in relation to increasing plant tolerance to abiotic stresses. Quercetin is a strong antioxidant among phenolic compounds, and it plays a physiological and biochemical role in plants. As such, the aim of this research was to assess the effect of an aqueous solution of a quercetin derivative with potassium, applied in various concentrations (0.5%, 1.0%, 3.0% and 5.0%), on the efficiency of the photosynthetic apparatus and biochemical properties of maize. Among the tested variants, compared to the control, the most stimulating effect on the course of physiological processes (PN, gs, ci, CCI, Fv/Fm, Fv/F0, PI) in maize leaves was found in 3.0 and 5.0% aqueous solutions of the quercetin derivative. The highest total antioxidant capacity and total content of polyphenolic compounds were found for plants sprayed with 5.0% quercetin derivative solution; therefore, in this study, the optimal concentration could not be clearly selected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmara Migut
- Department of Crop Production, University of Rzeszow, Zelwerowicza 4, 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland; (M.J.-P.); (J.B.)
| | - Marta Jańczak-Pieniążek
- Department of Crop Production, University of Rzeszow, Zelwerowicza 4, 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland; (M.J.-P.); (J.B.)
| | - Tomasz Piechowiak
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Rzeszow, Ćwiklińskiej 1A, 35-601 Rzeszów, Poland; (T.P.); (M.B.)
| | - Jan Buczek
- Department of Crop Production, University of Rzeszow, Zelwerowicza 4, 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland; (M.J.-P.); (J.B.)
| | - Maciej Balawejder
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Rzeszow, Ćwiklińskiej 1A, 35-601 Rzeszów, Poland; (T.P.); (M.B.)
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Shoaib M, Hussain S, Cheng X, Cui Y, Liu H, Chen Q, Ma M, Gu Y, Zhao K, Xiang Q, Zhou J, Liu J, Li S, Zou T, Yu X. Synergistic anti-oxidative effects of Pongamia pinnata against nickel mediated by Rhizobium pisi and Ochrobacterium pseudogrignonense. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 217:112244. [PMID: 33933891 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nickel is widely spread by different anthropogenic activities and shows toxicity for plant growth and development. Whether rhizobia symbiotically fix nitrogen can eliminate or reduce nickel toxic effect on plant or not is still unknown. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of different rhizobia genus inoculation on growth, nitrogen fixing ability, metal accumulation and enzymatic antioxidative balance of Pongamia pinnnaa. Inoculation with Rhizobium pisi and Ochrobacterium pseudogrignonense increased the all the growth parameters both in 0 and 40 mg/kg nickel as comparison with control. Only shoot length increased in presence of nitrogen as compared with no supply of nitrogen. Nitrogen content also increased both in rhizobia inoculation as compared to no nitrogen supply and non-inoculation control, respectively. Nickel uptake was higher in shoots and leaves but lower in roots in case of inoculation as compared to non-inoculation control. Rhizobia inoculation improved the plant antioxidant capacity by increasing the activity of enzymatic scavengers catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and ascorbate (GR). However, 40 mg/kg of nickel adding showed mostly effect on the activity CAT, SOD, POD in leaves. All the enzymatic activity showed a significant increase in absence of nitrogen supply as compared nitrogen supply. Our results suggested that rhizobia inoculation effectively mediated nickel stress for legume plants by increasing nitrogen supplement and inducing antioxidant capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shoaib
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Sajad Hussain
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Xiran Cheng
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Yongliang Cui
- Sichuan Provincial Academy of Natural Resource and Sciences, Chengdu 610015, PR China
| | - Han Liu
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Qiang Chen
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Menggen Ma
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Yunfu Gu
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Ke Zhao
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Quanju Xiang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Jie Zhou
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Jiahao Liu
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Shuangcheng Li
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Ting Zou
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Xiumei Yu
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China.
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Ondrasek G, Rengel Z, Maurović N, Kondres N, Filipović V, Savić R, Blagojević B, Tanaskovik V, Gergichevich CM, Romić D. Growth and Element Uptake by Salt-Sensitive Crops under Combined NaCl and Cd Stresses. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10061202. [PMID: 34204700 PMCID: PMC8231652 DOI: 10.3390/plants10061202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
To test an assumption that organic soil can ameliorate nutritional disorders associated with metal and salinity stresses, we exposed salt-sensitive strawberry and lettuce to four salinity (0-60 mM NaCl) and three contamination (0.3-5 mg Cd/kg) rates in peat (pHH2O = 5.5). The results showed that, even at 20 mM NaCl, salinity stress exerted a dominant effect on rhizosphere biogeochemistry and physiological processes, inducing leaf-edge burns, chlorosis/necrosis, reducing vegetative growth in crops; at ≥40 mM, NaCl mortality was induced in strawberry. Signifiacntly decreased K/Na, Ca/Na and Mg/Na concentration ratios with raising salinity were confirmed in all tissues. The combined CdxNaCl stresses (vs. control) increased leaf Cd accumulation (up to 42-fold in lettuce and 23-fold in strawberry), whereas NaCl salinity increased the accumulation of Zn (>1.5-fold) and Cu (up to 1.2-fold) in leaves. Lettuce accumulated the toxic Cd concentration (up to 12.6 mg/kg) in leaves, suggesting the strong root-to-shoot transport of Cd. In strawberry Cd, concentration was similar (and sub-toxic) in fruits and leaves, 2.28 and 1.86 mg/kg, respectively, suggesting lower Cd root-to-shoot translocation, and similar Cd mobility in the xylem and phloem. Additionally, the accumulation of Cd in strawberry fruits was exacerbated at high NaCl exposure (60 mM) compared with lower NaCl concentrations. Thus, in salinized, slightly acidic and organically rich rhizosphere, pronounced organo- and/or chloro-complexation likely shifted metal biogeochemistry toward increased mobility and phytoavailability (with metal adsorption restricted due to Na+ oversaturation of the caton exchange complex in the substrate), confirming the importance of quality water and soils in avoiding abiotic stresses and producing non-contaminated food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrijel Ondrasek
- Department of Soil Amelioration, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (N.M.); (N.K.); (V.F.); (D.R.)
| | - Zed Rengel
- School of Earth and Environment, University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia;
- Institute for Adriatic Crops and Karst Reclamation, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Nada Maurović
- Department of Soil Amelioration, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (N.M.); (N.K.); (V.F.); (D.R.)
| | - Nada Kondres
- Department of Soil Amelioration, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (N.M.); (N.K.); (V.F.); (D.R.)
| | - Vilim Filipović
- Department of Soil Amelioration, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (N.M.); (N.K.); (V.F.); (D.R.)
| | - Radovan Savić
- Department of Water Management, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, 21102 Novi Sad, Serbia; (R.S.); (B.B.)
| | - Boško Blagojević
- Department of Water Management, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, 21102 Novi Sad, Serbia; (R.S.); (B.B.)
| | - Vjekoslav Tanaskovik
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Food, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius in Skopje, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia;
| | - Cristian Meriño Gergichevich
- Departamento de Producción Agropecuaria, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Forestales, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 1145, Chile;
| | - Davor Romić
- Department of Soil Amelioration, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (N.M.); (N.K.); (V.F.); (D.R.)
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Liu J, Li G, Chen L, Gu J, Wu H, Li Z. Cerium oxide nanoparticles improve cotton salt tolerance by enabling better ability to maintain cytosolic K +/Na + ratio. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:153. [PMID: 34034767 PMCID: PMC8146236 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-00892-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Salinity is a worldwide factor limiting the agricultural production. Cotton is an important cash crop; however, its yield and product quality are negatively affected by soil salinity. Use of nanomaterials such as cerium oxide nanoparticles (nanoceria) to improve plant tolerance to stress conditions, e.g. salinity, is an emerged approach in agricultural production. Nevertheless, to date, our knowledge about the role of nanoceria in cotton salt response and the behind mechanisms is still rare. Results We found that PNC (poly acrylic acid coated nanoceria) helped to improve cotton tolerance to salinity, showing better phenotypic performance, higher chlorophyll content (up to 68% increase) and biomass (up to 38% increase), and better photosynthetic performance such as carbon assimilation rate (up to 144% increase) in PNC treated cotton plants than the NNP (non-nanoparticle control) group. Under salinity stress, in consistent to the results of the enhanced activities of antioxidant enzymes, PNC treated cotton plants showed significant lower MDA (malondialdehyde, up to 44% decrease) content and reactive oxygen species (ROS) level such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2, up to 79% decrease) than the NNP control group, both in the first and second true leaves. Further experiments showed that under salinity stress, PNC treated cotton plants had significant higher cytosolic K+ (up to 84% increase) and lower cytosolic Na+ (up to 77% decrease) fluorescent intensity in both the first and second true leaves than the NNP control group. This is further confirmed by the leaf ion content analysis, showed that PNC treated cotton plants maintained significant higher leaf K+ (up to 84% increase) and lower leaf Na+ content (up to 63% decrease), and thus the higher K+/Na+ ratio than the NNP control plants under salinity stress. Whereas no significant increase of mesophyll cell vacuolar Na+ intensity was observed in PNC treated plants than the NNP control under salinity stress, suggesting that the enhanced leaf K+ retention and leaf Na+ exclusion, but not leaf vacuolar Na+ sequestration are the main mechanisms behind PNC improved cotton salt tolerance. qPCR results showed that under salinity stress, the modulation of HKT1 but not SOS1 refers more to the PNC improved cotton leaf Na+ exclusion than the NNP control. Conclusions PNC enhanced leaf K+ retention and Na+ exclusion, but not vacuolar Na+ sequestration to enable better maintained cytosolic K+/Na+ homeostasis and thus to improve cotton salt tolerance. Our results add more knowledge for better understanding the complexity of plant-nanoceria interaction in terms of nano-enabled plant stress tolerance. Graphic abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12951-021-00892-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Liu
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Guangjing Li
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Linlin Chen
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jiangjiang Gu
- College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Honghong Wu
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Zhaohu Li
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
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Chaplygin V, Mandzhieva S, Minkina T, Sushkova S, Kizilkaya R, Gülser C, Zamulina I, Kravtsova N, Lobzenko I, Chernikova N. Sustainability of agricultural and wild cereals to aerotechnogenic exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2021; 43:1427-1439. [PMID: 31522310 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-019-00411-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, the problem of the constantly increasin level of anthropogenic load on the environment is becoming more and more acute. Some of the most dangerous pollutants entering the environment from industrial emissions are heavy metals. These pollutants are not susceptible to biodegradation over time, which leads to their accumulation in the environment in dangerous concentrations. The purpose of this work is to study the sustainability of cultivated and wild plants of the Poaceae family to aerotechnogenic pollution in the soil. The content of heavy metals in couch grass (Elytrigia repens (L.) Nevski), meadow bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) and soft wheat (Triticum aestivum) plants grown in the impact zone of Novocherkassk Power Station has been analyzed. Contamination of cultivated and wild cereals with Pb, Zn, Ni and Cd has been established. It has been shown that the accumulation of heavy metals is individual for each plant species. An average and close correlation have been established between the total HM content and the content of their mobile forms in the soil and their content in plants. For the plants studied, the translocation factor (TF) and the distribution coefficient (DC) of HM have been calculated. The TF is formed by the ratio of the concentration of an element in the root plant dry weight to the content of its mobile compounds in the soil. The DC value makes it possible to estimate the capacity of the aboveground parts of plants to absorb and accumulate elements under soil pollution conditions and is determined as the ratio of the metal content in the aboveground biomass to its concentration in the roots. TF and DC values have shown a significant accumulation of elements by plants from the soil, as well as their translocation from the root system to the aboveground part. It has been revealed that even within the same Poaceae family, cultural species are more sensitive to man-made pollution than wild-growing ones.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Inna Zamulina
- Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia, 344006
| | | | - Ilia Lobzenko
- Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia, 344006
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Soni P, Shivhare R, Kaur A, Bansal S, Sonah H, Deshmukh R, Giri J, Lata C, Ram H. Reference gene identification for gene expression analysis in rice under different metal stress. J Biotechnol 2021; 332:83-93. [PMID: 33794279 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2021.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) is the most common approach to quantify changes in gene expression. Appropriate internal reference genes are essential for normalization of data of RT-qPCR. In the present study, we identified suitable reference genes for analysis of gene expression in rice seedlings subjected to different heavy metal stresses such as deficiencies of iron and zinc and toxicities of cobalt, cadmium and nickel. First, from publically available RNA-Seq data we identified 10 candidate genes having stable expression. We also included commonly used house-keeping gene OsUBQ5 (Ubiquitin 5) in our analysis. Expression stability of all the 11 genes was determined by two independent tools, NormFinder and geNorm. Our results show that selected candidate reference genes have higher stability in their expression compared to that of OsUBQ5. Genes with locus ID LOC_Os03g16690, encoding an oxysterol-binding protein (OsOBP) and LOC_Os01g56580, encoding Casein Kinase_1a.3 (OsCK1a.3) were identified to be the most stably expressed reference genes under most of the conditions tested. Finally, the study reveals that it is better to use a specific reference gene for a specific heavy metal stress condition rather than using a common reference gene for multiple heavy metal stress conditions. The reference genes identified here would be very useful for gene expression studies under heavy metal stresses in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Soni
- Department of Botany, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, 302004, India
| | - Radha Shivhare
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, India
| | - Amandeep Kaur
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, 140308, India
| | - Sakshi Bansal
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, 140308, India
| | - Humira Sonah
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, 140308, India
| | - Rupesh Deshmukh
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, 140308, India
| | - Jitender Giri
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Charu Lata
- CSIR-National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources, New Delhi, 110067, India.
| | - Hasthi Ram
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, 140308, India; National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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Rajpoot R, Srivastava RK, Rani A, Pandey P, Dubey RS. Manganese-induced oxidative stress, ultrastructural changes, and proteomics studies in rice plants. PROTOPLASMA 2021; 258:319-335. [PMID: 33070243 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-020-01575-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is an essential element for plant growth but it becomes phytotoxic at higher concentrations. The effect of Mn-excess in hydroponics medium was examined on growth, oxidative stress, and ultrastructural changes in chloroplasts and mitochondria as well proteomic alterations in rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings. Seedlings grown with 1 mM and 2 mM Mn in nutrient medium for 8 days showed decline in length and fresh biomass, and decline in net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, and stomatal conductance. Shoots of the seedlings had higher Mn content than roots. Mn-treated seedlings showed increased production of O2·-, H2O2, and .OH, increased lipid peroxidation, increased carbonylation of proteins, and increased proteolytic activity compared to untreated seedlings. Mn-treated seedlings showed disorganization and swelling of chloroplasts with appearance of plastoglobuli in TEM images and deformity in shape of mitochondria. Using confocal microscopy depolarization of mitochondrial membrane was observed marked by green fluorescence of JC-1 dye monomers in Mn-treated roots. Proteomics studies from leaves of Mn-treated seedlings involving 2DE and PDQuest analysis showed differential expression of 23 proteins, among which MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry analysis revealed Mn-led downregulation of photosynthesis-related proteins, namely oxygen-evolving complex protein associated with PSII, PAP-3, enzyme involved in protein folding peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPIase) and carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes hydrolase, fructose-bisphosphate aldolase, transketolase, and isocitrate dehydrogenase, whereas ATP-dependent Clp protease, peroxidase, and nucleic acid-binding proteins were downregulated due to Mn treatment. Results indicate that Mn-excess inhibits growth of rice plants with induction of oxidative stress, causing structural alterations in chloroplasts, mitochondria, inhibiting photosynthesis, and downregulating many photosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolism-related proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritika Rajpoot
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | | | - Anjana Rani
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Poonam Pandey
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - R S Dubey
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
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Hancock JT, Russell G. Downstream Signalling from Molecular Hydrogen. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:367. [PMID: 33672953 PMCID: PMC7918658 DOI: 10.3390/plants10020367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Molecular hydrogen (H2) is now considered part of the suite of small molecules that can control cellular activity. As such, H2 has been suggested to be used in the therapy of diseases in humans and in plant science to enhance the growth and productivity of plants. Treatments of plants may involve the creation of hydrogen-rich water (HRW), which can then be applied to the foliage or roots systems of the plants. However, the molecular action of H2 remains elusive. It has been suggested that the presence of H2 may act as an antioxidant or on the antioxidant capacity of cells, perhaps through the scavenging of hydroxyl radicals. H2 may act through influencing heme oxygenase activity or through the interaction with reactive nitrogen species. However, controversy exists around all the mechanisms suggested. Here, the downstream mechanisms in which H2 may be involved are critically reviewed, with a particular emphasis on the H2 mitigation of stress responses. Hopefully, this review will provide insight that may inform future research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T. Hancock
- Department of Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK;
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Abbas S, Javed MT, Ali Q, Akram MS, Tanwir K, Ali S, Chaudhary HJ, Iqbal N. Elucidating Cd-mediated distinct rhizospheric and in planta ionomic and physio-biochemical responses of two contrasting Zea mays L. cultivars. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 27:297-312. [PMID: 33707870 PMCID: PMC7907289 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-021-00936-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) in soil-plant system can abridge plant growth by initiating alterations in root zones. Hydroponics and rhizoboxes are useful techniques to monitor plant responses against various natural and/or induced metal stresses. However, soil based studies are considered more appropriate in order to devise efficient food safety and remediation strategies. The present research evaluated the Cd-mediated variations in elemental dynamics of rhizospheric soil together with in planta ionomics and morpho-physio-biochemical traits of two differentially Cd responsive maize cultivars. Cd-sensitive (31P41) and Cd-tolerant (3062) cultivars were grown in pots filled with 0, 20, 40, 60 and 80 µg/kg CdCl2 supplemented soil. The results depicted that the maize cultivars significantly influenced the elemental dynamics of rhizosphere as well as in planta mineral accumulation under applied Cd stress. The uptake and translocation of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Zn and Fe from rhizosphere and root cell sap was significantly higher in Cd stressed cv. 3062 as compared to cv. 31P41. In sensitive cultivar (31P41), Cd toxicity resulted in significantly prominent reduction of biomass, leaf area, chlorophyll, carotenoids, protein contents as well as catalase activity in comparison to tolerant one (3062). Analysis of tolerance indexes (TIs) validated that cv. 3062 exhibited advantageous growth and efficient Cd tolerance due to elevated proline, phenolics and activity of antioxidative machinery as compared to cv. 31P41. The cv. 3062 exhibited 54% and 37% less Cd bio-concentration (BCF) and translocation factors (TF), respectively in comparison to cv. 31P41 under highest Cd stress regime. Lower BCF and TF designated a higher Cd stabilization by tolerant cultivar (3062) in rhizospheric zone and its potential use in future remediation plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saghir Abbas
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tariq Javed
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan
| | - Qasim Ali
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sohail Akram
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan
| | - Kashif Tanwir
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan
| | - Shafaqat Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402 Taiwan
| | - Hassan Javed Chaudhary
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320 Pakistan
| | - Naeem Iqbal
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan
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Muhammad I, Shalmani A, Ali M, Yang QH, Ahmad H, Li FB. Mechanisms Regulating the Dynamics of Photosynthesis Under Abiotic Stresses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 11:615942. [PMID: 33584756 PMCID: PMC7876081 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.615942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis sustains plant life on earth and is indispensable for plant growth and development. Factors such as unfavorable environmental conditions, stress regulatory networks, and plant biochemical processes limits the photosynthetic efficiency of plants and thereby threaten food security worldwide. Although numerous physiological approaches have been used to assess the performance of key photosynthetic components and their stress responses, though, these approaches are not extensive enough and do not favor strategic improvement of photosynthesis under abiotic stresses. The decline in photosynthetic capacity of plants due to these stresses is directly associated with reduction in yield. Therefore, a detailed information of the plant responses and better understanding of the photosynthetic machinery could help in developing new crop plants with higher yield even under stressed environments. Interestingly, cracking of signaling and metabolic pathways, identification of some key regulatory elements, characterization of potential genes, and phytohormone responses to abiotic factors have advanced our knowledge related to photosynthesis. However, our understanding of dynamic modulation of photosynthesis under dramatically fluctuating natural environments remains limited. Here, we provide a detailed overview of the research conducted on photosynthesis to date, and highlight the abiotic stress factors (heat, salinity, drought, high light, and heavy metal) that limit the performance of the photosynthetic machinery. Further, we reviewed the role of transcription factor genes and various enzymes involved in the process of photosynthesis under abiotic stresses. Finally, we discussed the recent progress in the field of biodegradable compounds, such as chitosan and humic acid, and the effect of melatonin (bio-stimulant) on photosynthetic activity. Based on our gathered researched data set, the logical concept of photosynthetic regulation under abiotic stresses along with improvement strategies will expand and surely accelerate the development of stress tolerance mechanisms, wider adaptability, higher survival rate, and yield potential of plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izhar Muhammad
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Abdullah Shalmani
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Muhammad Ali
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qing-Hua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Husain Ahmad
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Feng Bai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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Wang YM, Liu Q, Li M, Yuan XY, Uchimiya M, Wang SW, Zhang ZY, Ji T, Wang Y, Zhao YY. Rhizospheric pore-water content predicts the biochar-attenuated accumulation, translocation, and toxicity of cadmium to lettuce. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 208:111675. [PMID: 33396007 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Metal bioavailability controls its behaviors in soil-plant system, especially involved in biochar amendment. This study compared a rhizospheric pore-water extraction against a BCR sequential extraction method to understand cadmium (Cd) bioavailability in two typical Chinese soils. Soils were spiked with five levels of Cd (CdCl2) and remediated with 3% corn-straw derived biochar. After 60 days of lettuce growth, Cd accumulation and enzyme activities in tissues were analyzed. Results showed that biochar increased soil properties (pH, CEC and SOM) compared to un-amended soils, but decreased contents of bioavailable Cd in soil pore-water (Cdpore-water) and BCR extracted Cd (CdFi+Fii). Contents of Cdpore-water were lower in yellow-brown soils than that in red soils. Pearson analysis showed that bioavailable Cd is negatively correlated with soil pH and CEC (p < 0.05). Cd accumulation in lettuce roots and leaves both were decreased by biochar addition, and the established linear equations proved that soil Cdpore-water is the best predictor for Cd accumulation in lettuce roots (r2 = 0.964) and in leaves (r2 = 0.953), followed by CdFi+Fii. Transfer factor (TF) values of Cd from roots to leaves were lower than 1, and slightly better correlated with soil Cdpore-water (r = -0.674, p < 0.01) than CdFi+Fii (r = -0.615, p < 0.01). Aggregated boosted tree (ABT) analyses indicated that soil properties together with Cdpore-water contribute more than 50% to root enzyme activities. Collectively, soil Cdpore-water is a promising predictor of Cd bioavailability, accumulation and toxicity in soil-plant system with biochar addition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Min Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Qing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Ming Li
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science, Ministry of Environmental Protection of China, Nanjing 210042, PR China.
| | - Xu-Yin Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China.
| | - Minori Uchimiya
- USDA-ARS Southern Regional Research Center, 1100 Robert E. Lee Boulevard, New Orleans, LA 70124, United States
| | - Shao-Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Tao Ji
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Yu-Yan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
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Chen L, Hu WF, Long C, Wang D. Exogenous plant growth regulator alleviate the adverse effects of U and Cd stress in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) and improve the efficacy of U and Cd remediation. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 262:127809. [PMID: 32781331 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Plant growth regulators (PGRs) are widely used in agricultural activities and have the potential to improve plant growth and plant tolerance against metal stress. PGR-assisted phytoextraction is now an effective and inexpensive method for enhancing the plant removal of toxic metals from soil. In this study, we conducted experiments to determine the effects of PGR treatments on soil uranium (U) and cadmium (Cd) removal by sunflowers as well as their stress response to U and Cd contamination. We found that the plant growth was inhibited by combined U and Cd stress in sunflowers compared with that of the control; however, the application of exogenous PGR had reduced the combined U and Cd stress by stimulating photosynthesis, decreasing the levels of active oxygen and lipid peroxidation, and enhancing the activity of the antioxidant defence systems. Exogenous PGR also increased the uptake of U and Cd by sunflowers and therefore, improved their U and Cd remediation efficiency. Moreover, indoleacetic acid (IAA) was the most effective PGR at removing U and Cd in the soil; the U and Cd removal efficiency was 484.21% and 238.85% higher in the 500 mg L-1 IAA application compared with that of the control without PGR application, respectively. Furthermore, none of the PGR treatments significantly influenced the available U and Cd contents in soil. Our results, therefore, may provide some detailed understanding on the technologies for the sustainable remediation of U and Cd contaminated soil by the combination of PGR treatments and phytoextraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, People's Republic of China; College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei-Fang Hu
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chan Long
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dan Wang
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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An Q, He X, Zheng N, Hou S, Sun S, Wang S, Li P, Li X, Song X. Physiological and genetic effects of cadmium and copper mixtures on carrot under greenhouse cultivation. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 206:111363. [PMID: 32977082 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The exposure to combinations of heavy metals can affect the genes of vegetables and heavy metals would accumulate in vegetables and thereby indirectly affecting human health. Exploring the links between genetic changes and phenotypic changes of carrot under the combined pollution of Cd and Cu is of great significance for studying the mechanism of heavy metal pollution. Therefore, this study examined the effects of mixtures of cadmium (Cd) and copper (Cu) on physiological measures (malondialdehyde (MDA), proline, and antioxidant enzyme) and expression of growth-related genes (gibberellin gene, carotene gene, and glycogene) in carrot under greenhouse cultivation. The results showed in the additions with mixtures of Cd and Cu at higher concentration, the MDA content increased significantly (p < 0.05), whereas the proline content was not significantly different from those in the control. In the mixed treatments with high Cd concentrations, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was significantly lower than that in the control (p < 0.05); whereas the activity of peroxidase (POD) increased to different degrees compared to the control. In the additions with mixtures of Cd and Cu, compared with the control, the expression of the gibberellin gene was downregulated from 1.97 to 20.35 times (not including the 0.2 mg kg-1 Cd and 20 mg kg-1 Cu mixture, the expression of gibberellin gene in this treatment was upregulated 1.29 times), which lead to decreases in the length and dry weight of carrots. The expression of the carotene gene in mixed treatments downregulated more than that in single treatments, which could reduce the ability of carrots to resist oxidative damage, as suggested by the significant increase in the MDA content. In the addition with mixtures of Cd and Cu, compared with the control, the expression of the glycogene was downregulated by 1.42-59.40 times, which can cause a significant reduction in the sugar content in carrots and possibly further reduce their ability to resist heavy metal damage. A cluster analysis showed that in the additions with mixtures of Cd and Cu, the plant phenotype was affected first, and then with increases in the added concentration, the expression of genes was also affected. In summary, in the additions with mixtures of Cd and Cu, plants were damaged as Cd and Cu concentrations increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qirui An
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Resources, Jilin University, China
| | - Xiaolan He
- Soil and Fertilizer Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Na Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Resources, Jilin University, China; Northeast Institute of Geography and Agricultural Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China.
| | - Shengnan Hou
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agricultural Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Siyu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Resources, Jilin University, China
| | - Sujing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Resources, Jilin University, China
| | - Penyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Resources, Jilin University, China
| | - Xiaoqian Li
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Resources, Jilin University, China
| | - Xue Song
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agricultural Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China
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Effect of Cadmium Toxicity on Growth, Oxidative Damage, Antioxidant Defense System and Cadmium Accumulation in Two Sorghum Cultivars. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9111575. [PMID: 33203059 PMCID: PMC7696962 DOI: 10.3390/plants9111575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Heavy metal stress is a leading environmental issue reducing crop growth and productivity, particularly in arid and semi-arid agro-ecological zones. Cadmium (Cd), a non-redox heavy metal, can indirectly increase the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), inducing cell death. A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different concentrations of Cd (0, 5, 25, 50, 100 µM) on physiological and biochemical parameters in two sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) cultivars: JS-2002 and Chakwal Sorghum. The results showed that various concentrations of Cd significantly increased the Cd uptake in both cultivars; however, the uptake was higher in JS-2002 compared to Chakwal Sorghum in leaf, stem and root. Regardless of the cultivars, there was a higher accumulation of the Cd in roots than in shoots. The Cd stress significantly reduced the growth and increased the electrolyte leakage (EL), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentration and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in both cultivars, but the Chakwal Sorghum showed more pronounced oxidative damage than the JS-2002, as reflected by higher H2O2, MDA and EL. Moreover, Cd stress, particularly 50 µM and 100 µM, decreased the activity of different antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT). However, the JS-2002 exhibited higher SOD, POD and CAT activities than the Chakwal Sorghum under different Cd-levels. These findings revealed that JS-2002 had a stronger Cd enrichment capacity and also exhibited a better tolerance to Cd stress due to its efficient antioxidant defense system than Chakwal Sorghum. The present study provides the available information about Cd enrichment and tolerance in S. bicolor, which is used as an important agricultural crop for livestock feed in arid and semi-arid regions.
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Jothimani K, Arulbalachandran D. Physiological and biochemical studies of black gram (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper) under polyethylene glycol induced drought stress. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Farooq A, Nadeem M, Abbas G, Shabbir A, Khalid MS, Javeed HMR, Saeed MF, Akram A, Younis A, Akhtar G. Cadmium Partitioning, Physiological and Oxidative Stress Responses in Marigold (Calendula calypso) Grown on Contaminated Soil: Implications for Phytoremediation. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2020; 105:270-276. [PMID: 32661664 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-020-02934-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Marigold (Calendula calypso) is a multipurpose ornamental plant, but its cadmium (Cd) tolerance and phytoremediation potential is unknown. The proposed study was carried out to unravel Cd partitioning, physiological and oxidative stress responses of C. calypso grown under Cd stress. Plants were grown for four months in pots having different soil Cd levels: 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 mg kg-1 soil. Plant growth, biomass, photosynthetic pigments, leaf water contents, stomatal conductance, and membrane stability index were not decreased at 25 mg kg-1 Cd. At higher levels of Cd stress, activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, APX, CAT, POD) increased to mitigate H2O2 and lipid peroxidation. Cadmium uptake in plants increased with increasing soil Cd levels, and roots accumulated a greater portion of Cd, followed by shoots and flowers, respectively. On the basis of Cd accumulation and its tolerance, it was determined that C. calypso can be successfully grown for phytostabilization of Cd contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amjad Farooq
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Nadeem
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Abbas
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari, Pakistan.
| | - Arslan Shabbir
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shafique Khalid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Farhan Saeed
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari, Pakistan
| | - Ahsan Akram
- Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Adnan Younis
- Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Gulzar Akhtar
- Department of Horticulture, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan
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75
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Souid G, Sfar M, Timoumi R, Romdhane MH, Essefi SA, Majdoub H. Protective effect assessment of Moringa oleifera against cadmium-induced toxicity in HCT116 and HEK293 cell lines. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:23783-23792. [PMID: 32297115 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08730-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The cadmium (Cd) is considered one of the widespread toxic metals in the aquatic and terrestrial environments, which is due to its long half-life, non-degradable characteristic, and toxicity. Aqueous extract of freeze-dried Moringa oleifera (Moringaceae family) leaves was examined for protective effect and antioxidant power against Cd toxicity. The results revealed that Moringa aqueous extract (MAE) has contents of total polyphenols and flavonoids about 30.14 mg GAE/g and 18.35 mg QE/g respectively. Furthermore, phenolic compounds in leaves of Moringa were studied using a high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). Results showed that the largest number of phenolic compounds determined in leaves of Moringa belongs to flavonoids. Moreover, biological properties were determined by radical scavenging capacity (DPPH) and ferric-reducing power (FRAP). Cytoprotective effect and antioxidant power of Moringa extract were assessed using the mitochondrial activity testing method (MTT test), malondialdehyde (MDA), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Results indicate that Moringa aqueous extract have a significant (i) proliferative, (ii) antioxidant, and (iii) cytoprotective effect on HCT116 and HEK293 cells against metal toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada Souid
- Viral Genomic and Antiviral Strategy (VR17ES30), Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir (ISBM), University of Monastir, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Manel Sfar
- Laboratory of Interfaces and Advanced Materials (LIMA), Faculty of Sciences of Monastir, University of Monastir, Bd. de l'environnement, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Rim Timoumi
- Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds (LRSBC: LR01SE17), Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Monastir, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Mariem Hadj Romdhane
- Laboratory of Interfaces and Advanced Materials (LIMA), Faculty of Sciences of Monastir, University of Monastir, Bd. de l'environnement, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Salwa Abid Essefi
- Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds (LRSBC: LR01SE17), Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Monastir, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Hatem Majdoub
- Laboratory of Interfaces and Advanced Materials (LIMA), Faculty of Sciences of Monastir, University of Monastir, Bd. de l'environnement, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia.
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76
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Huihui Z, Xin L, Zisong X, Yue W, Zhiyuan T, Meijun A, Yuehui Z, Wenxu Z, Nan X, Guangyu S. Toxic effects of heavy metals Pb and Cd on mulberry (Morus alba L.) seedling leaves: Photosynthetic function and reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism responses. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 195:110469. [PMID: 32179235 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
To explore the mechanism of how lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) stress affects photosynthesis of mulberry (Morus alba L.), we looked at the effects of different concentrations of Pb and Cd stress (at 100 and 200 μmol L-1), which are two heavy metal elements, on leaf chlorophyll (Chl), photosynthesis gas exchange, Chl fluorescence, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism in mulberry leaves. The results showed that higher concentrations of Pb and Cd reduced leaf Chl content, especially in Chl a where content was more sensitive than in Chl b. Under Pb and Cd stress, the photosynthetic carbon assimilation capacity of mulberry leaves was reduced, which was a consequence of combined limitations of stomatal and non-stomatal factors. The main non-stomatal factors were decreased photosystem II (PSII) and photosystem I (PSI) activity and carboxylation efficiency (CE). Damage to the donor side of the PSII reaction center was greater than the acceptor side. After being treated with 100 μmol L-1 of Pb and Cd, mulberry leaves continued to be able to dissipate excess excitation energy by starting non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), but when Pb and Cd concentrations were increased to 200 μmol L-1, the protection mechanism that depends on NPQ was impaired. Excessive excitation energy from chloroplasts promoted a great increase of ROS, such as superoxide anion (O2•-) and H2O2. Moreover, under high Pb and Cd stress, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) were also inhibited to some extent, and excessive ROS also resulted in a significantly higher degree of oxidative damage. Compared with Cd, the effect of Pb stress at the same concentration level displayed a significantly lower impact on Chl content, photosynthetic carbon assimilation, and stomatal conductance. Meanwhile, Pb stress mainly damaged activity of the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC) located on PSII donor side, but it reduced the electronic pressure on the PSII acceptor side and PSI. Furthermore, under Pb stress, the NPQ, SOD, and APX activity were all significantly higher than those under Cd stress. Thus under Pb stress, the degree of photoinhibition and oxidative damage of PSII and PSI in mulberry leaves were significantly lower than under Cd stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Huihui
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China; Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Li Xin
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China; Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xu Zisong
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Wang Yue
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Teng Zhiyuan
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - An Meijun
- Developmental Center of Heilongjiang Provincial Sericulture and Bee Industry, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zhang Yuehui
- Developmental Center of Heilongjiang Provincial Sericulture and Bee Industry, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zhu Wenxu
- School of Forestry, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xu Nan
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China; Natural Resources and Ecology Institute, Heilongjiang Sciences Academy, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Sun Guangyu
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
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Yuan T, Gu J, Zhou H, Huang F, Yang W, Wang S, Zhang J, Huo Y, Liao B. Translocation and accumulation of cadmium and lead in the tissues of 39 rape cultivars grown in a polluted farmland. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:15888-15900. [PMID: 32100214 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-07697-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the differences in cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) uptake and translocation among rape cultivars and genotypes and select suitable rape cultivars for both safe production and soil remediation, a field experiment was carried out with 39 rape cultivars of three genotypes on a farmland polluted with Cd and Pb in eastern Hunan Province, China. The Cd and Pb contents in rape tissues were measured, and the amount of Cd and Pb removed was calculated. The results showed that Cd in rape plants accumulated mostly in stems, while Pb accumulated mostly in roots. The Cd accumulation in various rape tissues followed the sequence stem > root > husk > rapeseed, while the Pb accumulation followed the sequence root > stem > husk > rapeseed. The total Cd and Pb removed by planting rape were 4.50-23.6 g ha-1 and 5.85-13.7 g ha-1, respectively, and the Cd and Pb contents in rapeseeds were in the range 0.11-0.47 mg kg-1 and 0.03-0.84 mg kg-1, respectively. Only the Pb content in rapeseed of "Youyan 9" exceeded the limit of the maximum levels of contaminants in foods (GB2762-2017, Pb ≤ 0.2 mg kg-1). In this experiment, the roots of most rape cultivars showed a greater capacity for Cd transport, while the stems showed a greater capacity for Pb transport. Except for the TFstem-husk for Cd, there were no significant differences in the TFs and BAFs of 39 rape cultivars, and clear variations in Cd content were found in the stems of the three genotypes, while there was no significant difference in the Cd and Pb contents in the other tissues. In the farmland polluted with Cd and Pb, planting "Xiangzayou 695" and "Youyan 2013" not only reduced soil pollution but also allowed the production of safe rapeseed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengyue Yuan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Jiaofeng Gu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China.
| | - Hang Zhou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China.
| | - Fang Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Wenjun Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Shilong Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Jingyi Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Yang Huo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Bohan Liao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China
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Peng R, Sun W, Jin X, Yu L, Chen C, Yue Z, Dong Y. Analysis of 2,4-epibrassinolide created an enhancement tolerance on Cd toxicity in Solanum nigrum L. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:16784-16797. [PMID: 32141006 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08228-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Contamination of soils with cadmium (Cd) is a serious problem worldwide. Solanum nigrum L. is reported as a Cd hyperaccumulator, but its enrichment capacity is limited. 2,4-Epibrassinolide (2,4-EBL) plays important roles in plant response to various stresses. Little is known about its effect on Cd tolerance in S. nigrum. Current study was performed to demonstrate effects of 2,4-EBL on plant growth, photosynthesis activity, activities of antioxidants, and Cd concentration in plants by nutrient solution contaminated with Cd. Results revealed that S. nigrum exhibited toxicity to Cd stress, including reducing plant height, root length, and chlorophyll content and increasing malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Exogenous application of 2,4-EBL significantly enhanced the contents of proline and soluble sugar and decreased the MDA content. Meanwhile, the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) markedly increased compared with the control. Interesting, 2,4-EBL promoted photosynthesis by increasing the chlorophyll content, Fv/Fm. And increase in chlorophyll content is caused by increased expression of synthetic genes and decreased expression of degraded genes. 2,4-EBL also decreased accumulation of Cd in S. nigrum compared with single Cd stress. According to the present results, 2,4-EBL can effectively be used to alleviate the damage of Cd stress in S. nigrum and probably in other solanaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruonan Peng
- Institute of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Weiyue Sun
- Institute of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiaoxia Jin
- Institute of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Lijie Yu
- Institute of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Institute of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zhonghui Yue
- Institute of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yanlong Dong
- Horticulture Branch, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, Heilongjiang, China
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79
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Tefera W, Liu T, Lu L, Ge J, Webb SM, Seifu W, Tian S. Micro-XRF mapping and quantitative assessment of Cd in rice (Oryza sativa L.) roots. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 193:110245. [PMID: 32092577 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Understanding Cd uptake and distribution in rice roots is important for breeding varieties that do not accumulate Cd in the grain to any large extent. Here, we examined the physiological and molecular factors responsible for Cd uptake and transport differences between two japonica rice cultivars prescreened as high (zhefu7) or low (Xiangzaoxian45) accumulators of Cd in the grain. No significant differences in Cd uptake between the two cultivars were observed; however, Xiangzaoxian45 retained most of the absorbed Cd in the roots, whereas zhefu7 showed higher transport of Cd from the root to the shoot, regardless of the duration of exposure to Cd. The inability to sequester Cd into root vacuoles caused high accumulation of Cd in the grain in zhefu7, whereas inefficient transport of Cd from roots to shoots in Xiangzaoxian45 caused low accumulation of Cd in the grain. Cd sequestration in the roots and transport from the root to the shoot were greatly influenced by the expression patterns of transport-related genes OsHMA3 and OsHMA2, respectively. Further, micro-X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy mapping confirmed that more Cd was sequestered in the roots of Xiangzaoxian45 than in those of zhefu7, with a significant amount of Cd localized in the root hairs, as well as in the meristematic and elongation zones, and dermal and stele tissues. Therefore, we propose that effective Cd sequestration in root vacuoles was the major determinant of divergent Cd-accumulation patterns in the two rice cultivars under study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolde Tefera
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health (Zhejiang University, College of Environmental & Resource Science), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Department of Plant Sciences, Salale University, Fitche, Ethiopia
| | - Ting Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health (Zhejiang University, College of Environmental & Resource Science), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Lingli Lu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health (Zhejiang University, College of Environmental & Resource Science), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jun Ge
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health (Zhejiang University, College of Environmental & Resource Science), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Samuel M Webb
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Weldemariam Seifu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health (Zhejiang University, College of Environmental & Resource Science), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Department of Plant Sciences, Salale University, Fitche, Ethiopia
| | - Shengke Tian
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health (Zhejiang University, College of Environmental & Resource Science), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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80
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Exogenous Ascorbic Acid Induced Chilling Tolerance in Tomato Plants Through Modulating Metabolism, Osmolytes, Antioxidants, and Transcriptional Regulation of Catalase and Heat Shock Proteins. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9040431. [PMID: 32244604 PMCID: PMC7238171 DOI: 10.3390/plants9040431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Chilling, a sort of cold stress, is a typical abiotic ecological stress that impacts the development as well as the growth of crops. The present study was carried to investigate the role of ascorbic acid root priming in enhancing tolerance of tomato seedlings against acute chilling stress. The treatments included untreated control, ascorbic acid-treated plants (AsA; 0.5 mM), acute chilling-stressed plants (4 °C), and chilling stressed seedlings treated by ascorbic acid. Exposure to acute chilling stress reduced growth in terms of length, fresh and dry biomass, pigment synthesis, and photosynthesis. AsA was effective in mitigating the injurious effects of chilling stress to significant levels when supplied at 0.5 mM concentrations. AsA priming reduced the chilling mediated oxidative damage by lowering the electrolyte leakage, lipid peroxidation, and hydrogen peroxide. Moreover, up regulating the activity of enzymatic components of the antioxidant system. Further, 0.5 mM AsA proved beneficial in enhancing ions uptake in normal and chilling stressed seedlings. At the gene expression level, AsA significantly lowered the expression level of CAT and heat shock protein genes. Therefore, we theorize that the implementation of exogenous AsA treatment reduced the negative effects of severe chilling stress on tomato.
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81
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AbdElgawad H, Zinta G, Hamed BA, Selim S, Beemster G, Hozzein WN, Wadaan MAM, Asard H, Abuelsoud W. Maize roots and shoots show distinct profiles of oxidative stress and antioxidant defense under heavy metal toxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 258:113705. [PMID: 31864075 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal accumulation in agricultural land causes crop production losses worldwide. Metal homeostasis within cells is tightly regulated. However, homeostasis breakdown leads to accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Overall plant fitness under stressful environment is determined by coordination between roots and shoots. But little is known about organ specific responses to heavy metals, whether it depends on the metal category (redox or non-redox reactive) and if these responses are associated with heavy metal accumulation in each organ or there are driven by other signals. Maize seedlings were subjected to sub-lethal concentrations of four metals (Zn, Ni, Cd and Cu) individually, and were quantified for growth, ABA level, and redox alterations in roots, mature leaves (L1,2) and young leaves (L3,4) at 14 and 21 days after sowing (DAS). The treatments caused significant increase in endogenous metal levels in all organs but to different degrees, where roots showed the highest levels. Biomass was significantly reduced under heavy metal stress. Although old leaves accumulated less heavy metal content than root, the reduction in their biomass (FW) was more pronounced. Metal exposure triggered ABA accumulation and stomatal closure mainly in older leaves, which consequently reduced photosynthesis. Heavy metals induced oxidative stress in the maize organs, but to different degrees. Tocopherols, polyphenols and flavonoids increased specifically in the shoot under Zn, Ni and Cu, while under Cd treatment they played a minor role. Under Cu and Cd stress, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) activities were induced in the roots, however ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity was only increased in the older leaves. Overall, it can be concluded that root and shoot organs specific responses to heavy metal toxicity are not only associated with heavy metal accumulation and they are specialized at the level of antioxidants to cope with.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamada AbdElgawad
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research (IMPRES), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Belgium; Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt
| | - Gaurav Zinta
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research (IMPRES), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Belgium; Center of Excellence Plants and Ecosystems (PLECO), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Belgium; Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Badreldin A Hamed
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt
| | - Samy Selim
- Microbiology and Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, P.O. 41522, Egypt
| | - Gerrit Beemster
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research (IMPRES), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Wael N Hozzein
- Bioproducts Research Chair, Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia; Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt
| | - Mohammed A M Wadaan
- Bioproducts Research Chair, Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Han Asard
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research (IMPRES), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Walid Abuelsoud
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, P.O. 12613, Egypt.
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82
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Beri WT, Gesessew WS, Tian S. Maize cultivars relieve health risks of Cd-Polluted Soils: In vitro Cd bioaccessibility and bioavailability. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 703:134852. [PMID: 31757544 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Dietary grain ingestion is the primary route of human exposure to the adverse effects of Cd; therefore, an understanding of the transfer characteristics of Cd in a system involving soil, grain, and humans is crucial for health risk alleviation and pollution control. In this study, Cd bioaccessibility and bioavailability for humans from grains of sweet maize (Zea mays convar. saccharata var. rugosa) cultivars grown on a contaminated field (1.05 mg Cd kg-1 soil) were assessed by combining a simulated in vitro digestion method with a Caco-2 cell model. Results showed that cultivars differed significantly in grain Cd concentration, bioaccessibility, and bioavailability with the corresponding values of 0.07 to 0.20 mg kg-1 DW (dry weight), 4.10 to 6.20%, and 0.01 to 0.04 µg g-1grain, respectively. The estimated daily intake of Cd through sweet maize grain was within the range of 0.04 and 0.25 μg kg-1 body weight, which is lower than the tolerable limit recommended by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JEFCA). Conclusively, results from the present study indicate that most grain Cd remains non-bioaccessible and thus might not present adverse health effects in humans. Therefore, sweet maize cultivars could be used to produce healthy food crops in low-to-moderately Cd-contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolde Tefera Beri
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resources Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; College of Agriculture, department of Plant Sciences and Horticulture, Selale University, Fitche 245, Ethiopia
| | - Weldemariam Seifu Gesessew
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resources Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; College of Agriculture, department of Plant Sciences and Horticulture, Selale University, Fitche 245, Ethiopia
| | - Shengke Tian
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resources Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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83
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Dhanya Thomas TT, Dinakar C, Puthur JT. Effect of UV-B priming on the abiotic stress tolerance of stress-sensitive rice seedlings: Priming imprints and cross-tolerance. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 147:21-30. [PMID: 31837557 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV)-B priming can boost the abiotic stress tolerance of plants by activating stress-responsive pathways. The main objective of the present study was to investigate the persistence of priming imprints and cross-tolerance inducing effects of UV-B priming in abiotic stress-sensitive rice (Oryza sativa L. 'Aiswarya') when subjected to various abiotic stressors (NaCl, PEG, and UV-B). The UV-B priming of rice seeds and seedlings effectively enhanced photosynthetic efficiency, antioxidant machinery activity, and antioxidative enzyme production, especially when seedlings were exposed to NaCl, followed by UV-B and PEG. The ability of UV-B priming to induce cross-tolerance against NaCl stress was substantiated by the greater antioxidant activity of the primed and NaCl-stressed seedlings. The greater performance and stress tolerance of the seedlings from UV-B-primed seeds were attributed to the carryover of priming imprints from seeds into the seedlings. Indeed, UV-B priming activated the antioxidant systems of the seedlings, even under non-stress conditions, and resulted in greater responses upon subsequent stress exposure, which suggested that preparedness for encountering imminent stress was attained by UV-B priming in a stress-sensitive rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- T T Dhanya Thomas
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Division, Department of Botany, University of Calicut, C.U. Campus P.O., Kerala, 673635, India
| | - Challabathula Dinakar
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu, 610005, India
| | - Jos T Puthur
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Division, Department of Botany, University of Calicut, C.U. Campus P.O., Kerala, 673635, India.
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84
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Sharma A, Kapoor D, Wang J, Shahzad B, Kumar V, Bali AS, Jasrotia S, Zheng B, Yuan H, Yan D. Chromium Bioaccumulation and Its Impacts on Plants: An Overview. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E100. [PMID: 31941115 PMCID: PMC7020214 DOI: 10.3390/plants9010100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chromium (Cr) is an element naturally occurring in rocky soils and volcanic dust. It has been classified as a carcinogen agent according to the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Therefore, this metal needs an accurate understanding and thorough investigation in soil-plant systems. Due to its high solubility, Cr (VI) is regarded as a hazardous ion, which contaminates groundwater and can be transferred through the food chain. Cr also negatively impacts the growth of plants by impairing their essential metabolic processes. The toxic effects of Cr are correlated with the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which cause oxidative stress in plants. The current review summarizes the understanding of Cr toxicity in plants via discussing the possible mechanisms involved in its uptake, translocation and sub-cellular distribution, along with its interference with the other plant metabolic processes such as chlorophyll biosynthesis, photosynthesis and plant defensive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anket Sharma
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Dhriti Kapoor
- School of Bioengineering & Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Junfeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Babar Shahzad
- School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7005, Australia
| | - Vinod Kumar
- State Higher Education Department, Jammu and Kashmir 180001, India
| | | | - Shivam Jasrotia
- Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India
| | - Bingsong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Huwei Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Daoliang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
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85
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Adrees M, Khan ZS, Ali S, Hafeez M, Khalid S, Ur Rehman MZ, Hussain A, Hussain K, Shahid Chatha SA, Rizwan M. Simultaneous mitigation of cadmium and drought stress in wheat by soil application of iron nanoparticles. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 238:124681. [PMID: 31524618 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Excess amount of cadmium (Cd) in arable soils and shortage of good quality water are the major abiotic factors affecting the crop yield which needs immediate solution to feed the increasing population worldwide. Recently, nanoparticles (NPs) are widely used in various industries including agriculture which is due to the unique properties of NPs. Among NPs, iron (Fe) NPs might be used to alleviate the abiotic stresses in crops but limited informations are available in the literature about the role of Fe-NPs in crops under metal stress. The present study was designed to highlight the efficiency of Fe-NPs on Cd accumulation in Cd and drought-stressed wheat. Wheat plants were grown in Cd-contaminated soil after the supply of different levels of Fe-NPs and two water regimes were introduced in the soil in latter growth stages of the plants. Cadmium and drought stress negatively affected the wheat photosynthesis, yield and caused oxidative stress in leaves with excess accumulation of Cd in grains and other plant tissues. The NPs improved the photosynthesis, yield, Fe concentrations and diminished the Cd concentrations in tissues. The NPs alleviated the oxidative stress in leaves and the efficiency depends on the NPs concentrations applied in the soil. The results obtained indicated that Fe-NPs may be employed aiming to get wheat grains with excess Fe and decreased Cd contents. However, field investigations with various sizes, shapes and levels of NPs are needed before final recommendations to the farmers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Adrees
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Zahra Saeed Khan
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shafaqat Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Hafeez
- Department of Physics, University of Management & Technology, Johar Town Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sofia Khalid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zia Ur Rehman
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Afzal Hussain
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Hussain
- Biochemistry Section, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shahzad Ali Shahid Chatha
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
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86
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UV-B priming of Oryza sativa var. Kanchana seedlings augments its antioxidative potential and gene expression of stress-response proteins under various abiotic stresses. 3 Biotech 2019; 9:375. [PMID: 31588399 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-019-1903-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Priming is one of the mechanisms for the induction of the antioxidant defense system and various stress-responsive proteins which help plants to survive under various abiotic stresses. Based on the observation that the rice seedlings primed with UV-B (low dose of UV-B irradiation-6 kJm-2) induced the acclimation against NaCl, PEG and UV-B stresses, it was of interest to see the augmentation of antioxidative potential and stress-responsive proteins accumulation in rice seedlings due to UV-B priming under these stresses. Various stresses result in production of ROS, which cause membrane degradation resulting in the accumulation of malondialdehyde. These negative impacts were observed exceedingly in rice seedlings from non-primed PEG stress (NP+P) condition than UV-B and NaCl stresses. The production of non-enzymatic antioxidants, activity/mRNA-level expressions of enzymatic antioxidants and stress-responsive proteins were effectively augmented in UV-B-primed rice seedlings subjected to NaCl stress (P+N) condition followed by UV-B stress (P+U) and PEG stress (P+P). The activation of stress-responsive proteins (HSP and LEA) in rice due to the UV-B priming of rice seedlings is being reported for the first time. The results revealed that the UV-B seedling priming was alleviating the effect of NaCl, PEG, and UV-B stresses in rice seedlings. The positive impacts of UV-B seedling priming were more prominent in rice seedlings subjected to NaCl stress, indicating the cross tolerance imparted by UV-B priming.
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87
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Chowardhara B, Borgohain P, Saha B, Awasthi JP, Moulick D, Panda SK. Phytotoxicity of Cd and Zn on three popular Indian mustard varieties during germination and early seedling growth. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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88
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Kuczyńska A, Cardenia V, Ogrodowicz P, Kempa M, Rodriguez-Estrada MT, Mikołajczak K. Effects of multiple abiotic stresses on lipids and sterols profile in barley leaves (Hordeum vulgare L.). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 141:215-224. [PMID: 31181509 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Plants are usually exposed to several types of abiotic stress in regular field conditions. The lipid profile of barley homozygous lines exposed to drought, heat, salinity, and their combinations, was investigated in the present study. Free fatty acids, free sterols, and diacylglycerols were the most abundant classes (∼8.0% of plant material). The genetic background significantly impacted the lipid composition rather than the treatments, and diacylglycerols were the only lipid class affected by salinity (1.84 mg/100 mg plant tissue; ∼33% reduction). However, the genotype × treatment interaction analysis revealed that the lipid and sterol compositions depended on both genotype and environment. Our results suggest that inborn stress tolerance in barley is manifested by enhanced accumulation of most lipids, mainly sterols, especially in heat/drought-stressed plants. In addition, expression of the LTP2 gene may be indirectly involved in the abiotic stress reaction of barley by mediating intracellular transport of some lipid classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anetta Kuczyńska
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszynska Str. 34, Poznan, 60-479, Poland.
| | - Vladimiro Cardenia
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences DISAFA, University of Turin, Largo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, Italy.
| | - Piotr Ogrodowicz
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszynska Str. 34, Poznan, 60-479, Poland.
| | - Michał Kempa
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszynska Str. 34, Poznan, 60-479, Poland.
| | | | - Krzysztof Mikołajczak
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszynska Str. 34, Poznan, 60-479, Poland.
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89
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Kapoor D, Singh MP, Kaur S, Bhardwaj R, Zheng B, Sharma A. Modulation of the Functional Components of Growth, Photosynthesis, and Anti-Oxidant Stress Markers in Cadmium Exposed Brassica juncea L. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 8:E260. [PMID: 31370349 PMCID: PMC6724130 DOI: 10.3390/plants8080260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Abstract: Heavy metals (including Cadmium) are being entered into the environment through various sources and cause toxicity to plants. Response of Brassica juncea L. var. RLC-1 was evaluated after exposing them to different concentration of cadmium (Cd) for seven days. Seeds of B. juncea were treated with different concentrations of Cd like 0.2-0.6 mM for 7 days, allowing them to grow in Petri-dishes, and seedlings were examined for different physiological responses. Following exposure to Cd, in the seedlings of B. juncea, growth parameters (root and shoot length), stress markers (lipid peroxidation and H2O2 content), secondary metabolites, photosynthetic pigments, and ion analysis, were estimated along with enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. We observed a significant reduction in root and shoot length after Cd treatment as compared to control seedlings. Malondialdehyde and H2O2 contents were increased accompanied by enhanced Cd uptake. Activities of antioxidative enzymes were also significantly altered following Cd exposure to the seedlings of B. juncea. Conclusively, we suggest that Cd exposure to the seedlings triggered an induction of several defense responses in B. juncea including major metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhriti Kapoor
- Department of Botanical & Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Delhi-Jalandhar Highway Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Mahendra P Singh
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Delhi-Jalandhar Highway Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Satwinderjeet Kaur
- Department of Botanical & Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Renu Bhardwaj
- Department of Botanical & Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Bingsong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China.
| | - Anket Sharma
- Department of Botanical & Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India.
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China.
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90
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Jan M, Shah G, Masood S, Iqbal Shinwari K, Hameed R, Rha ES, Jamil M. Bacillus Cereus Enhanced Phytoremediation Ability of Rice Seedlings under Cadmium Toxicity. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:8134651. [PMID: 31428647 PMCID: PMC6681586 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8134651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd+2) is a highly toxic metal, which significantly alters different biochemical and metabolic processes in plants. Massive amounts of Cd+2 is being released into the environment by different anthropogenic activities. In the present study, plant growth promoting activities of bacterial strain Bacillus cereus was evaluated under Cd+2 stress in two rice cultivars Basmati-385 and Shaheen Basmati. Cd+2 stress significantly decreased plant growth and biomass production in both cultivars. However, with the inoculation of B. cereus under Cd+2 treatments, reduced Cd+2 uptake and increased antioxidant enzymes activities in rice cultivars lead to enhanced plant growth, biomass production, photosynthetic pigments, micronutrients, and lowered electrolytes leakage. This study suggests that B. cereus has the ability to alleviating Cd toxicity and increased phytoremediation efficiency of rice seedling under Cd stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmood Jan
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat 26000, Pakistan
| | - Gulmeena Shah
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat 26000, Pakistan
| | - Sadaf Masood
- Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat 26000, Pakistan
| | - Kamran Iqbal Shinwari
- Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat 26000, Pakistan
| | - Rashida Hameed
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - E. S. Rha
- College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Jamil
- Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat 26000, Pakistan
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91
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Sharma A, Shahzad B, Kumar V, Kohli SK, Sidhu GPS, Bali AS, Handa N, Kapoor D, Bhardwaj R, Zheng B. Phytohormones Regulate Accumulation of Osmolytes Under Abiotic Stress. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E285. [PMID: 31319576 PMCID: PMC6680914 DOI: 10.3390/biom9070285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants face a variety of abiotic stresses, which generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), and ultimately obstruct normal growth and development of plants. To prevent cellular damage caused by oxidative stress, plants accumulate certain compatible solutes known as osmolytes to safeguard the cellular machinery. The most common osmolytes that play crucial role in osmoregulation are proline, glycine-betaine, polyamines, and sugars. These compounds stabilize the osmotic differences between surroundings of cell and the cytosol. Besides, they also protect the plant cells from oxidative stress by inhibiting the production of harmful ROS like hydroxyl ions, superoxide ions, hydrogen peroxide, and other free radicals. The accumulation of osmolytes is further modulated by phytohormones like abscisic acid, brassinosteroids, cytokinins, ethylene, jasmonates, and salicylic acid. It is thus important to understand the mechanisms regulating the phytohormone-mediated accumulation of osmolytes in plants during abiotic stresses. In this review, we have discussed the underlying mechanisms of phytohormone-regulated osmolyte accumulation along with their various functions in plants under stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anket Sharma
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China.
| | - Babar Shahzad
- School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7005, Australia
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Botany, DAV University, Sarmastpur, Jalandhar 144012, Punjab, India
| | - Sukhmeen Kaur Kohli
- Plant Stress Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botanical & Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India
| | - Gagan Preet Singh Sidhu
- Department of Environment Education, Government College of Commerce and Business Administration, Chandigarh 160047, India
| | | | - Neha Handa
- School of Bioengineering & Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India
| | - Dhriti Kapoor
- School of Bioengineering & Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India
| | - Renu Bhardwaj
- Plant Stress Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botanical & Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India
| | - Bingsong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China.
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92
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Sharma A, Shahzad B, Rehman A, Bhardwaj R, Landi M, Zheng B. Response of Phenylpropanoid Pathway and the Role of Polyphenols in Plants under Abiotic Stress. Molecules 2019; 24:E2452. [PMID: 31277395 PMCID: PMC6651195 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24132452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 669] [Impact Index Per Article: 133.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenolic compounds are an important class of plant secondary metabolites which play crucial physiological roles throughout the plant life cycle. Phenolics are produced under optimal and suboptimal conditions in plants and play key roles in developmental processes like cell division, hormonal regulation, photosynthetic activity, nutrient mineralization, and reproduction. Plants exhibit increased synthesis of polyphenols such as phenolic acids and flavonoids under abiotic stress conditions, which help the plant to cope with environmental constraints. Phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathway is activated under abiotic stress conditions (drought, heavy metal, salinity, high/low temperature, and ultraviolet radiations) resulting in accumulation of various phenolic compounds which, among other roles, have the potential to scavenge harmful reactive oxygen species. Deepening the research focuses on the phenolic responses to abiotic stress is of great interest for the scientific community. In the present article, we discuss the biochemical and molecular mechanisms related to the activation of phenylpropanoid metabolism and we describe phenolic-mediated stress tolerance in plants. An attempt has been made to provide updated and brand-new information about the response of phenolics under a challenging environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anket Sharma
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China.
| | - Babar Shahzad
- School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7005, Australia
| | - Abdul Rehman
- Department of Crop Science and Biotechnology, Dankook University, Chungnam 31116, Korea
| | - Renu Bhardwaj
- Plant Stress Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India
| | - Marco Landi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Bingsong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China.
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93
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Zhang K, Wang G, Bao M, Wang L, Xie X. Exogenous application of ascorbic acid mitigates cadmium toxicity and uptake in Maize (Zea mays L.). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:19261-19271. [PMID: 31065988 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05265-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) contamination in agricultural soils is a prevalent environmental issue and poses potential threats to food security. Foliar ascorbic acid might prove a potent tool to alleviate toxicity of Cd toxicity in maize. An experiment was conducted with objectives to study exogenous ascorbic acid-modulated improvements in physiochemical attributes of maize under Cd toxicity. The experiment was conducted under completely randomized design. Treatments were comprised of varying concentrations of foliar ascorbic acid viz. 0.0, 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 mM of AsA. Toxicity of Cd decreased the maize growth, increased lipid peroxidation, disturbed protein metabolism, and reduced the antioxidant defense capabilities compared with the control. However, foliar AsA significantly improved maize growth and development, photosynthetic capabilities, and protein concentrations in Cd-stressed maize plants. Meanwhile, the malondialdehyde contents and hydrogen peroxide accumulation levels in Cd-stressed maize plants decreased remarkably with increasing AsA concentrations. Furthermore, the combined treatments conspicuously boosted activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, and glutathione reductase under the Cd stress alone. In addition, the application of AsA reduced the Cd uptake by 10.3-12.3% in grains. Conclusively, foliar ascorbic acid alleviated the negative effects of Cd stress in maize and improved photosynthetic processes, osmolytes, and antioxidant defense systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangping Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Southwest University/Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Guiyin Wang
- College of Environmental Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, China
| | - Mingchen Bao
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Southwest University/Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Longchang Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Southwest University/Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Chongqing, 400716, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Xie
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Southwest University/Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Chongqing, 400716, China.
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94
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Ahsan T, Chen J, Zhao X, Irfan M, Wu Y. Exometabolomic study of extracellular metabolites in tobacco plant induced by ethyl acetate extracts of Streptomyces diastatochromogenes KX852460. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/16878507.2019.1618584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taswar Ahsan
- Department of Plant Pathology, College Plant Protection Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Jianguang Chen
- Department of Plant Pathology, College Plant Protection Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Xiuxiang Zhao
- Department of Plant Pathology, College Plant Protection Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Muhammad Irfan
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Yuanhua Wu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College Plant Protection Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, P.R. China
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95
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Rabêlo VM, Magalhães PC, Bressanin LA, Carvalho DT, Reis COD, Karam D, Doriguetto AC, Santos MHD, Santos Filho PRDS, Souza TCD. The foliar application of a mixture of semisynthetic chitosan derivatives induces tolerance to water deficit in maize, improving the antioxidant system and increasing photosynthesis and grain yield. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8164. [PMID: 31160657 PMCID: PMC6547683 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44649-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Research has shown that chitosan induces plant stress tolerance and protection, but few studies have explored chemical modifications of chitosan and their effects on plants under water stress. Chitosan and its derivatives were applied (isolated or in mixture) to maize hybrids sensitive to water deficit under greenhouse conditions through foliar spraying at the pre-flowering stage. After the application, water deficit was induced for 15 days. Analyses of leaves and biochemical gas exchange in the ear leaf were performed on the first and fifteenth days of the stress period. Production attributes were also analysed at the end of the experiment. In general, the application of the two chitosan derivatives or their mixture potentiated the activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase and guaiacol peroxidase at the beginning of the stress period, in addition to reducing lipid peroxidation (malonaldehyde content) and increasing gas exchange and proline contents at the end of the stress period. The derivatives also increased the content of phenolic compounds and the activity of enzymes involved in their production (phenylalanine ammonia lyase and tyrosine ammonia lyase). Dehydroascorbate reductase and compounds such as total soluble sugars, total amino acids, starch, grain yield and harvest index increased for both the derivatives and chitosan. However, the mixture of derivatives was the treatment that led to the higher increase in grain yield and harvest index compared to the other treatments. The application of semisynthetic molecules derived from chitosan yielded greater leaf gas exchange and a higher incidence of the biochemical conditions that relieve plant stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valquíria Mikaela Rabêlo
- Federal University of Alfenas - UNIFAL-MG, Institute of Natural Sciences- ICN,700, Gabriel Monteiro Street, P. O. Box 37130-001, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Paulo César Magalhães
- Maize and Sorghum National Research Center, P. O. Box 151, 35701-970, Sete Lagoas, MG, Brazil
| | - Letícia Aparecida Bressanin
- Federal University of Alfenas - UNIFAL-MG, Institute of Natural Sciences- ICN,700, Gabriel Monteiro Street, P. O. Box 37130-001, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Diogo Teixeira Carvalho
- Federal University of Alfenas - UNIFAL-MG, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 700, Gabriel Monteiro da Silva Street, P.O. Box 37130-001, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Caroline Oliveira Dos Reis
- Federal University of Alfenas - UNIFAL-MG, Institute of Natural Sciences- ICN,700, Gabriel Monteiro Street, P. O. Box 37130-001, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Decio Karam
- Maize and Sorghum National Research Center, P. O. Box 151, 35701-970, Sete Lagoas, MG, Brazil
| | - Antônio Carlos Doriguetto
- Federal University of Alfenas - UNIFAL-MG, Chemistry Institute, Gabriel Monteiro da Silva Street, 700, P.O. Box 37130-001, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Henrique Dos Santos
- Federal University of Viçosa - UFV, Chemistry Departament, Peter Henry Rolfs Street, s/n, P.O. Box 36570-000, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Thiago Corrêa de Souza
- Federal University of Alfenas - UNIFAL-MG, Institute of Natural Sciences- ICN, 700, Gabriel Monteiro Street, P. O. Box 37130-001, Alfenas, MG, Brazil.
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96
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Kaya C, Okant M, Ugurlar F, Alyemeni MN, Ashraf M, Ahmad P. Melatonin-mediated nitric oxide improves tolerance to cadmium toxicity by reducing oxidative stress in wheat plants. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 225:627-638. [PMID: 30901656 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Two independent trials were conducted to examine the involvement of nitric oxide (NO) in MT-mediated tolerance to Cd toxicity in wheat plants. Cadmium toxicity considerably led to a decrease in plant growth, total chlorophyll, PSII maximum efficiency (Fv/Fm), leaf water potential, potassium (K+) and calcium (Ca2+). Simultaneously, it caused an increase in levels of leaf malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), electron leakage (EL), cadmium (Cd) and nitric oxide (NO) compared to those in control plants. Both MT (50 or 100 μM) treatments increased plant growth attributes and leaf Ca2+ and K+ in the leaves, but reduced MDA, H2O2 as well as leaf Cd content compared to those in Cd-stressed plants. A further experiment was designed to understand whether or not NO played a role in alleviation of Cd stress in wheat seedlings by melotonin using a scavenger of NO, 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide potassium salt (cPTIO) combined with the MT treatments. Melatonin-enhanced tolerance to Cd stress was completely reversed by the supply of cPTIO, which in turn considerably reduced the levels of endogenous NO. The results evidently showed that MT enhanced tolerance of wheat seedlings to Cd toxicity by triggering the endogenous NO. This was reinforced by the rise in the levels of MDA and H2O2, and decrease in the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD; EC 1.15.1.1), catalase (CAT; EC. 1.11.1.6) and peroxidase (POD; EC. 1.11.1.7). The cPTO supply along with that of MT caused growth inhibition and a considerable increase in leaf Cd. So, both MT and NO together enhanced Cd tolerance in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cengiz Kaya
- Soil Science and Plant Nutrition Department, Agriculture Faculty, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Okant
- Field Crops, Agriculture Faculty, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Ferhat Ugurlar
- Soil Science and Plant Nutrition Department, Agriculture Faculty, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2460 Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Ashraf
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2460 Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; Department of Botany, S.P. College Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
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97
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Hassan MU, Chattha MU, Khan I, Chattha MB, Aamer M, Nawaz M, Ali A, Khan MAU, Khan TA. Nickel toxicity in plants: reasons, toxic effects, tolerance mechanisms, and remediation possibilities-a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:12673-12688. [PMID: 30924044 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04892-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Nickel (Ni) is a naturally occurring metal, but anthropogenic activities such as industrialization, use of fertilizers, chemicals, and sewage sludge have increased its concentration in the environment up to undesirable levels. Ni is considered to be essential for plant growth at low concentration; however, Ni pollution is increasing in the environment, and therefore, it is important to understand its functional roles and toxic effects on plants. This review emphasizes the environmental sources of Ni, its essentiality, effects, tolerance mechanisms, possible remediation approaches, and research direction that may help in interdisciplinary studies to assess the significance of Ni toxicity. Briefly, Ni affects plant growth both positively and negatively, depending on the concentration present in the growth medium. On the positive side, Ni is essential for normal growth, enzymatic activities (e.g., urease), nitrogen metabolism, iron uptake, and specific metabolic reactions. On the negative side, Ni reduces seed germination, root and shoot growth, biomass accumulation, and final production. Moreover, Ni toxicity also causes chlorosis and necrosis and inhibits various physiological processes (photosynthesis, transpiration) and cause oxidative damage in plants. The threat associated with Ni is increased as Ni concentration increases day by day in the environment, particularly in soils; therefore, it would be hazardous for crop production in the near future. Additionally, the lack of information regarding the mechanisms of Ni tolerance in plants further intensifies this situation. Therefore, future research should be focused on approachable and prominent solutions in order to minimize the entry of Ni into our ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Umair Hassan
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sceinces, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | | | - Imran Khan
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Aamer
- Research Center on Ecological Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Muhammad Nawaz
- College of Agriculture, Bahadur Campus Layyah, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Abid Ali
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sceinces, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Tahir Abbas Khan
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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98
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Li D, Wang L, Wang Y, Li H, Chen G. Soil properties and cultivars determine heavy metal accumulation in rice grain and cultivars respond differently to Cd stress. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:14638-14648. [PMID: 30877541 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04727-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Field and pot experiments were conducted to evaluate the factors affecting heavy metal (HM) accumulation in rice grain and subsequently to explore their cultivar difference when exposed to Cd. Forty-seven paired soil and rice cultivar samples were collected from Jiangxi province, China. The contents of Cd, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr, and Ni in soils and grains were determined. It showed that among these metals, Cr and Cd were the dominant contaminants in samples from the test areas, with 100.0% and 59.6% of all grain samples exceeding the maximum permissible concentration. Random forest analysis showed that soil pH, soil organic matter (SOM), Fe fraction and cultivar were four most important factors affecting HMs accumulation in grain. Based on bioconcentration factors, two cultivars with high Cd (HCd) accumulation ability and two cultivars with low Cd (LCd) accumulation ability in rice grain were chosen to explore their physiological and growth responses when exposed to 0, 50, 100 and 1000 μmol L-1 Cd. The results showed that the Cd phytotoxicity is Cd level- and cultivar-dependent. The height and weight decreased, while Cd accumulation increased in shoot and root for the four rice cultivars with the increasing of Cd content. The HCd cultivars showed less membrane damage, higher superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and higher Cd accumulation than that of LCd cultivars. In conclusion, heavy metal accumulation in rice grain is soil property- and cultivar-dependent. And different rice cultivars respond differently to Cd stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongqin Li
- Life Science and Technology School, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, 524048, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in the Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, No. 483, Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in the Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, No. 483, Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Yahui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in the Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, No. 483, Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Huashou Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in the Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, No. 483, Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Guikui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in the Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, No. 483, Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.
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99
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Rehman S, Abbas G, Shahid M, Saqib M, Umer Farooq AB, Hussain M, Murtaza B, Amjad M, Naeem MA, Farooq A. Effect of salinity on cadmium tolerance, ionic homeostasis and oxidative stress responses in conocarpus exposed to cadmium stress: Implications for phytoremediation. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 171:146-153. [PMID: 30599432 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.12.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Contamination of soil with salinity and Cd negatively affects growth and productivity of plants. The proposed study has been planned to explore the effects of salinity on Cd uptake, tolerance and phytoremediation potential of conocarpus (Conocarpus erectus L.). One-month-old uniform plants of conocarpus were exposed to 0, 8.9, 44.5, 89 and 178 µM Cd alone or in combination with 0, 100 and 200 mM NaCl in Hoagland's nutrient solution. Results revealed that shoot and root biomasses, leaf water content and pigment content decreased more in response to combination of Cd and salinity compared to Cd alone. The Na+ and Cl- concentrations in shoot and root were not affected by Cd alone, but increased in Cd + salinity treatments. The K+ concentration decreased by Cd alone as well as Cd combination with salinity. Plant Cd uptake increased in the presence of salinity but its translocation from root to shoot remained unaffected. Exposure of plants to Cd alone and Cd + salinity caused oxidative stress via overproduction of H2O2 and inducing lipid peroxidation. The activities of antioxidant enzymes such as SOD, CAT, POD and APX increased to mitigate this oxidative stress. It is concluded that the tolerance of conocarpus against Cd stress is decreased in the presence of salinity due to increased uptake of toxic ions and intensification of oxidative stress. Moreover, the Cd uptake behavior of this tree indicates its suitability for phytostabilization of Cd contaminated saline and non-saline soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Rehman
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Abbas
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saqib
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Abu Bakr Umer Farooq
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Pakistan
| | - Munawar Hussain
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Behzad Murtaza
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Amjad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asif Naeem
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Pakistan
| | - Amjad Farooq
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Pakistan
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100
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Effect of cadmium, chromium, and lead on micropropagation and physio-biochemical parameters of Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst. cultured in vitro. RENDICONTI LINCEI. SCIENZE FISICHE E NATURALI 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12210-019-00796-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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