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Kandola A, Lewis G, Osborn DPJ, Stubbs B, Hayes JF. Device-measured sedentary behaviour and anxiety symptoms during adolescence: a 6-year prospective cohort study. Psychol Med 2022; 52:2962-2971. [PMID: 33336634 PMCID: PMC9693656 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291720004948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sedentary behaviour is potentially a modifiable risk factor for anxiety disorders, a major source of global disability that typically starts during adolescence. This is the first prospective study of associations between repeated, device-based measures of sedentary behaviour and anxiety symptoms in adolescents. METHODS A UK cohort with 4257 adolescents aged 12 at baseline (56% female). Main exposures were sedentary behaviour and physical activity measured using accelerometers for 7-days at ages 12, 14, and 16. Primary outcome was anxiety symptom scores at age 18 from a Clinical Interview Schedule-Revised. We used adjusted negative binomial regression and iso-temporal substitution methods to analyse the data. RESULTS We found a positive association between sedentary behaviour at ages 12, 14, and 16, with anxiety symptoms at age 18, independent of total physical activity volume. Theoretically replacing an hour of daily sedentary behaviour for light activity at ages 12, 14, and 16, was associated with lower anxiety symptoms by age 18 by 15.9% (95% CI 8.7-22.4), 12.1% (95% CI 3.4-20.1), and 14.7% (95% CI 4-24.2), respectively. Whereas, theoretically replacing an hour of sedentary behaviour with moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was not associated with differences in anxiety symptoms. These results were robust to a series of sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSION Sedentary behaviour is a possible risk factor for increasing anxiety symptoms during adolescence, independent of total physical activity volume. Instead of focusing on moderate-to-vigorous activity, replacing daily sedentary behaviour with light activity during adolescence could be a more suitable method of reducing future anxiety symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Kandola
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - G. Lewis
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - D. P. J. Osborn
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
- Camden and Islington NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - B. Stubbs
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Physiotherapy Department, South London, and Maudsley National Health Services Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - J. F. Hayes
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
- Camden and Islington NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Ganz M, Jacobs M, Alessandro C, Sabzanov S, Karp A, Wei L, Miller D. Physical Activity and Sleeping Duration Among Adolescents in the US. Cureus 2022; 14:e29669. [DOI: 10.7759/cureus.29669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Bichler CS, Niedermeier M, Hüfner K, Gálffy M, Gostner JM, Nelles P, Schöttl SE, Sperner-Unterweger B, Kopp M. Climbing as an Add-On Treatment Option for Patients with Severe Anxiety Disorders and PTSD: Feasibility Analysis and First Results of a Randomized Controlled Longitudinal Clinical Pilot Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11622. [PMID: 36141895 PMCID: PMC9517148 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise has considerable effects on physical and psychological health. Anxiolytic effects of climbing exercise have been found in people suffering from depression. However, there are no studies on patients with severe anxiety disorders or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) practicing climbing as add-on treatment. Additionally, many studies on physical therapy fail to use adequate active control groups. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the feasibility of a four-week climbing exercise program for patients with anxiety disorders or PTSD in comparison to a standard exercise treatment and a social control group. METHODS Outpatients diagnosed with anxiety disorders or PTSD (F 40, F 41, F 43.1 according to ICD-10) were randomly assigned to (a) climbing exercise (n = 27), (b) Nordic walking exercise (n = 23), or (c) control condition (n = 23) providing the same amount of social contact for eight sessions of 90 minutes each. Psychological parameters (symptom severity, worry symptoms, self-efficacy, quality of life) and biological parameters were assessed at the beginning and at the end of the four-week program. Additionally, follow-up assessments were conducted three and six months after the program ended. RESULTS Sixty outpatients (75% female) aged 18-65 years with a longstanding history of a mental disorder (>10 years) and classified as treatment-resistant (95%) and with averaging 3.8 psychiatric comorbidities completed the pilot trial. After participation, symptoms of anxiety disorders were significantly reduced (p = 0.003), and health-related characteristics significantly improved (depression symptoms: p < 0.001, worry symptoms: p < 0.001, self-efficacy: p < 0.001, quality of life-physical health: p = 0.002, quality of life-psychological health: p = 0.006) in all groups. The feasibility of conducting climbing exercises for the patient groups could be demonstrated, and a general acceptance in the groups was recorded. No significant time-by-group interactions were found. At the completion of the program, psychological parameters improved, while biological parameters remained the same in all three groups. CONCLUSIONS Participation in the climbing group as well as in Nordic walking and social contact groups demonstrated beneficial results in patients with anxiety disorders and PTSD with severe mental burden. Nevertheless, climbing did not show any additional clinically relevant benefits compared to Nordic walking or social contact. Studies with larger sample sizes and qualitative insights are needed to further evaluate the possible benefits of climbing in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina S. Bichler
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Fuerstenweg 185, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martin Niedermeier
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Fuerstenweg 185, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Katharina Hüfner
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, Psychosomatics and Medical Psychology, University Hospital of Psychiatry II, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Mátyás Gálffy
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, Psychosomatics and Medical Psychology, University Hospital of Psychiatry II, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Johanna M. Gostner
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Philipp Nelles
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, Psychosomatics and Medical Psychology, University Hospital of Psychiatry II, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Stefanie E. Schöttl
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Fuerstenweg 185, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Barbara Sperner-Unterweger
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, Psychosomatics and Medical Psychology, University Hospital of Psychiatry II, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martin Kopp
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Fuerstenweg 185, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Czenczek-Lewandowska E, Leszczak J, Wyszyńska J, Baran J, Weres A, Lewandowski B. The Role of Physical Activity in the Reduction of Generalised Anxiety Disorder in Young Adults in the Context of COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11086. [PMID: 36078815 PMCID: PMC9517910 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191711086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Physical activity is critically important not only for physical but also for mental health. Exercise may be a beneficial form of therapy for young adults with anxiety disorders. The global outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic adversely affected the public, including young adults, in terms of their mental well-being and opportunities for physical activity. The study aimed to identify the influence of physical activity (PA) on generalised anxiety in young adults. It also assessed the changes which occurred in the level of PA and in generalised anxiety in young adults as a result of COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional survey was carried out online with 506 young adults aged 18 to 34 years (=24.67 years ± 4.23 years). Respondents provided two answers to each question, i.e., information relating to the last 7 days during the pandemic (first hard lockdown), and to a period of 7 days before the pandemic (retrospective). The levels of physical activity were measured using 7-item International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF), whereas the level of generalised anxiety was assessed using the Generalised Anxiety Disorder 7 (GAD-7) questionnaire. During the pandemic there was a significant correlation between the level of generalised anxiety and the level of physical activity reported by the respondents (p = 0.048). A higher level of physical activity corresponded to lower level of generalized anxiety in young adults. During the pandemic, young adults spent significantly less time performing physical activity (8752.5 vs. 6174.6 metabolic equivalents (MET) min/week, p < 0.001), they spent more time engaging in sedentary behaviours (Me = 240 vs. Me = 300 min/day, p < 0.001), and they walked much less (from Me = 6930.0 (MET) min/week vs. 3861.0 (MET) min/week (44.29% decrease). Furthermore, after the outbreak of the pandemic the level of perceived generalised anxiety increased significantly (p < 0.001). Physical activity may play an important role in reducing anxiety disorder in young adults. During the COVID-19 pandemic young adults were significantly less involved in PA, which adversely affected their physical and mental condition. The importance of sufficient PA should be emphasised during this specific period, particularly among young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Justyna Leszczak
- Institute of Health Sciences, Medical College, University of Rzeszów, ul. Kopisto 2a, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Justyna Wyszyńska
- Institute of Health Sciences, Medical College, University of Rzeszów, ul. Kopisto 2a, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Joanna Baran
- Institute of Health Sciences, Medical College, University of Rzeszów, ul. Kopisto 2a, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Aneta Weres
- Institute of Health Sciences, Medical College, University of Rzeszów, ul. Kopisto 2a, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Bogumił Lewandowski
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College, University of Rzeszów, ul. Kopisto 2a, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
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Gil-Abando G, Medina P, Signorini C, Casañas E, Navarrete N, Muñoz-Corcuera M. Assessment of Clinical Parameters of Dental Anxiety during Noninvasive Treatments in Dentistry. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11141. [PMID: 36078857 PMCID: PMC9518501 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191711141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Dental anxiety is a matter of interest for the dentist since an anxious patient is a potential source of complications in the dental office. The main objectives of this study are to describe the correlation between dental anxiety levels and the values of physiological parameters related to dental anxiety and to study the evolution of blood pressure and heart rate over time during noninvasive dental treatments, i.e., not requiring local anesthesia. A descriptive, longitudinal, and prospective observational study was designed. The study population consisted of 200 patients who attended a university clinic for dental treatment without local anesthesia. The patients were asked to complete the Corah Dental Anxiety Scale. Afterward, blood pressure and heart rate were measured by means of a digital sphygmomanometer. Blood pressure and heart rate were taken throughout the procedure on four occasions. Most of the patients showed mild dental anxiety (5 [IQR: 3] points on Corah Dental Anxiety Scale). Significant but weak correlations were found between the level of dental anxiety and heart rate (Spearman rho: 0.166 and 0.176; p = 0.019 and 0.013; 3 min before and after treatment, respectively), as well as between the level of dental anxiety and the duration of treatment (Spearman rho: 0.191 3 min; p = 0.007). As for the evolution of physiological parameters, all patients showed a progressive decrease in values at different time points during treatment. When the types of treatment were evaluated separately, it was observed that there were statistically significant differences between them with respect to the level of dental anxiety (p = 0.006).
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Associations between Psychological Distress, Perceived Social Support and Physical Activity Level in Spanish Adults with Depression. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10091620. [PMID: 36141232 PMCID: PMC9498425 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10091620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Perceived social support (PSS) and physical activity (PA) could help to reduce psychological distress in people with depression. This study aims to analyse the associations between (a) mental health and its dimensions through the Goldberg General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), (b) the PA level (PAL), and c) the PSS in the Spanish adult population with psychological distress. This cross-sectional study is based on Spanish National Health Survey 2017 data, including 1670 adults with depression. A descriptive analysis was performed. Differences in medians between sexes were analysed using the Mann–Whitney U test. The Chi-square test was used to assess the independence between sex and PAL. The Kruskal–Wallis’ test was performed to analyse possible baseline differences between PAL and continuous variables derived from the GHQ-12. Finally, a correlation study was conducted between the generated variables and the GHQ-12 items, together with the PAL and the Duke-UNC-11, using Spearman’s rho correlation coefficients. Weak inverse correlations were found between the GHQ-12 and PAL (rho: −0.214); and PSS (r: −0.286). PAL and PSS showed weak inverse correlations with successful coping (rho: −0.216 and r: −0.265), self-esteem (rho: −0.209 and r: −0.283), and stress (rho: −0.130 and r: −0.232). Thus, higher PAL and SSP is associated with lower psychological distress.
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Alwafi H, Naser AY, Aldhahir AM, Fatani AI, Alharbi RA, Alharbi KG, Almutwakkil BA, Salawati E, Ekram R, Samannodi M, Almatrafi MA, Rammal W, Assaggaf H, Qedair JT, Al Qurashi AA, Alqurashi A. Prevalence and predictors of nomophobia among the general population in two middle eastern countries. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:520. [PMID: 35918684 PMCID: PMC9344455 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04168-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nomophobia is a psychological condition caused by a fear of disconnecting from others through mobile phones. AIM This study aims to determine the prevalence of and predictors of nomophobia and anxiety symptoms among the general population in Saudi Arabia and Jordan. METHODS This study was an observational cross-sectional study using a web-based online survey distributed in two middle eastern countries (Saudi Arabia and Jordan) between Jun 24 and Jul 20, 2021. A convenience sample was used to recruit the study participants. Categorical variables were identified as frequencies and percentages. In addition, a binary logistic regression analysis was used to determine the factors associated with nomophobia symptoms. The Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software, version 27 (IBM Corp, Armonk, NY, USA), analyzed the data. RESULTS A total of 5,191 responded to the online survey. Around (26.5%) reported that they suffer from an anxiety problem or use a treatment for anxiety. The median daily time spent using a mobile phone (IQR) (minutes) was around 210 min per day. About half of the study sample (51.2%) are diagnosed with dependence syndrome. The binary logistic regression analysis revealed that those within the age group of 30-49 years and 50 years and above) are less likely to have mobile phone dependence compared to those less than 30 years old. Females were 16% at lower risk of developing mobile phone dependence compared to males Married participants were less likely to have mobile phone dependence compared to single participants (OR: 0.62 (95% CI 0.56-0.70)), while divorced participants were at a 46% higher risk of developing mobile phone dependence. CONCLUSION Nomophobia prevalence among Saudi Arabia and Jordon's population is 51.2%. Several factors may predict mobile phone dependence including age, gender, marital status, and previous history of anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Alwafi
- grid.412832.e0000 0000 9137 6644Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdallah Y. Naser
- grid.460941.e0000 0004 0367 5513Department of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isra University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Abdulelah M. Aldhahir
- grid.411831.e0000 0004 0398 1027Respiratory Therapy Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa Idrees Fatani
- grid.412832.e0000 0000 9137 6644Department of Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rahaf Awaili Alharbi
- grid.412832.e0000 0000 9137 6644Department of Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khawlah Ghazi Alharbi
- grid.412832.e0000 0000 9137 6644Department of Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Braah Ali Almutwakkil
- grid.412832.e0000 0000 9137 6644Department of Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emad Salawati
- grid.412125.10000 0001 0619 1117Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rakan Ekram
- grid.412832.e0000 0000 9137 6644School of Public Health and Health Informatics, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Samannodi
- grid.412832.e0000 0000 9137 6644Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A. Almatrafi
- grid.412832.e0000 0000 9137 6644Department of Pediatrics, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wael Rammal
- grid.415254.30000 0004 1790 7311Department of Surgery, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamza Assaggaf
- grid.412832.e0000 0000 9137 6644Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jumanah T. Qedair
- grid.412149.b0000 0004 0608 0662College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia ,grid.452607.20000 0004 0580 0891King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah A. Al Qurashi
- grid.412149.b0000 0004 0608 0662College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia ,grid.452607.20000 0004 0580 0891King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Markofski MM, Jennings K, Hodgman CF, Warren VE, LaVoy EC. Physical activity during the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic is linked to better mood and emotion. Stress Health 2022; 38:490-499. [PMID: 34775682 PMCID: PMC8646766 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic may negatively impact mood and emotion. Physical activity may protect against mood disturbance and promote positive affect. This study asked if physical activity before, during, or the change in physical activity with the pandemic, impacted affect and mood during the pandemic. US adult residents (18-74 years; N = 338) were surveyed from 29 April to 3 June 2020. Physical activity before and during the pandemic was assessed with the Physical Activity Rating survey. The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule measured affect and the Profile of Moods Questionnaire assessed mood. Comparisons between physically inactive and active participants by Analysis of Covariance found greater vigour in participants classed as physically active before the pandemic. Positive affect, vigour and esteem-related affect were greater in participants physically active during the pandemic. Multiple linear regression revealed relationships between the change in physical activity and mood. Change in physical activity positively associated with positive affect (b = 1.06), esteem-related affect (b = 0.33) and vigour (b = 0.53), and negatively associated with negative affect (b = -0.47), total mood disturbance (b = -2.60), tension (b = -0.31), anger (b = -0.24), fatigue (b = -0.54), depression (b = -0.50) and confusion (b = -0.23). These data demonstrate that physical activity during the pandemic, and increased physical activity relative to before the pandemic, related to better mood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristofer Jennings
- Department of BiostatisticsUniversity of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Charles F. Hodgman
- Department of Health and Human PerformanceUniversity of HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Victoria E. Warren
- Department of Health and Human PerformanceUniversity of HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Emily C. LaVoy
- Department of Health and Human PerformanceUniversity of HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
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Zhou J, Liu H, Wen H, Wang X, Wang Y, Yang T. The Association Between Physical Activity and Mathematical Achievement Among Chinese Fourth Graders: A Moderated Moderated-Mediation Model. Front Psychol 2022; 13:862666. [PMID: 35615189 PMCID: PMC9126125 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.862666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study explored the association between out-of-school physical activity (PA) and mathematical achievement in relation to mathematical anxiety (MA), as well as the influence of parents’ support for their children’s physical activity on this association, to examine whether parental support for physical activity affects mental health and academic performance. Data were collected from the responses of 22,509 (52.9% boys) children in Grade 4 from six provinces across eastern, central, and western China who completed the mathematics component and the physical education and health component of the national-level education quality assessment. A moderated moderated-mediation model was tested using PROCESS v3.4 and SPSS v19.0, with socioeconomic status, school location, and body mass index as controlled variables. Out-of-school physical activity had a positive effect on children’s mathematical achievement, and math anxiety partially mediated this association. The indices of conditional moderated mediation through the parental support of both girls and boys were, respectively, significant, indicating that children can benefit from physical activity, and that increased perceived parental support for physical activity can alleviate their children’s math anxiety and improve their mathematics, regardless of gender. However, gender differences were observed in the influence of parental support for physical activity on anxiety: Although girls’ math anxiety levels were significantly higher, the anxiety levels of girls with high parental support were significantly lower than those of boys with low parental support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhou
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment Toward Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyun Liu
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongbo Wen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment Toward Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuna Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment Toward Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yehui Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment Toward Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment Toward Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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Development and feasibility testing of a physical activity intervention for youth with anxiety and depression: a study protocol. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2022; 8:48. [PMID: 35236419 PMCID: PMC8889653 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-022-01010-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Anxiety and depressive disorders in children and adolescents are highly prevalent and account for more than half of all youth psychiatric disorders. Left untreated, anxiety, and depression lead to numerous detrimental outcomes, including reduced quality of life, psychiatric, and somatic comorbidity and even reduced lifespan. This puts a large strain on child and adolescent mental healthcare services (CAMHS) to provide effective treatments. However, even when provided the best evidence-based treatment, between 40–50% of patients continue to report significant symptom burdens. Thus, there is an immediate need for supplemental and/or new treatment approaches. Physical activity as a supplementary treatment may be such an approach. However, research investigating this approach within this population is scant. This protocol paper describes the development and feasibility trial of a physical activity-based intervention targeting anxiety and depressive symptoms in youth treated in CAMHS. Methods/design The study is based on the UK Medical Council Research Framework (MRC) for developing and evaluating complex interventions. Feasibility and acceptability of the physical activity intervention (confident, active, and happy youth) will be evaluated in an uncontrolled open-label trial using qualitative and quantitative data. Twenty youths with anxiety and/or depressive symptoms will be recruited. Acceptability of assessment procedures, the intervention, and perceived benefits and barriers to participation will be assessed, and qualitative interviews with participants, caregivers, and referring specialists will explore contextual and practical factors associated with intervention delivery. Physical activity will be measured using the Actigraph GT3X+ monitor at baseline, and post-intervention and change in anxiety and depression will be assessed. Discussion This study will contribute to the development of supplementary physical treatment interventions for youth with anxiety and depression in contact with CAMHS. The goal is to examine new avenues of treatment that ultimately may improve upon current treatment outcomes of anxiety and depression. This work will be in preparation for a future definitive randomized controlled trial (RCT) of this approach, in line with the MRC Framework. Trial registration ClnicalTrials.gov, NCT05049759. Registered on August 19, 2021. Retrospectively registered. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40814-022-01010-6.
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The Effects of Park Based Interventions on Health: The Italian Project "Moving Parks". INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19042130. [PMID: 35206319 PMCID: PMC8872154 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19042130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and physical inactivity are global health problems responsible for the risk increment of noncommunicable diseases. To overcome these problems, interventions aimed at increasing physical activity (PA) are necessary. Green space can have a positive influence on promoting PA, so, the aim of the present study was to assess the effectiveness of the project “The moving parks project”, which provides for the administration of PA to citizens within Bologna’s parks (Italy). An ad hoc questionnaire was administered before and after three months of outdoor PA. A total of 329 adult subjects participated in the survey. At follow-up, all psychosocial parameters showed an improvement, with a reduction in the state of tension, sadness and fatigue, and an improvement in the state of energy, serenity, and vitality. The impact of the interventions carried out in the “Moving Parks project” was positive and appears to be a good strategy for improving health outcomes.
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Babaei Bonab S, Parvaneh M. The effect of twelve weeks of tai chi exercises on sleep quality, pain perception, and death anxiety in elderly women. ANNALES MEDICO-PSYCHOLOGIQUES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.amp.2022.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Defining the importance of stress reduction in managing cardiovascular disease - the role of exercise. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2022; 70:84-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2022.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Pastre M, Lopez-Castroman J. Actigraphy monitoring in anxiety disorders: A mini-review of the literature. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:984878. [PMID: 35990052 PMCID: PMC9381974 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.984878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep disturbances and changes of activity patterns are not uncommon in anxiety disorders, but they are rarely the object of attention. Actigraphic monitoring of day and night activity patterns could provide useful data to detect symptom worsening, prevent risk periods, and evaluate treatment efficacy in those disorders. Thus, we have conducted a systematic search of the scientific literature to find any original study using actigraphic monitoring to investigate activity and sleep patterns in patients affected by any type of anxiety disorder according to the definition of the DSM-5. We found only six studies fulfilling these criteria. Three studies report significant findings in patients suffering from anxiety disorders. Overall, the samples and methods are heterogeneous. Although the authors support the interest of actigraphic monitoring in anxiety disorders, the evidence to date is very limited.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jorge Lopez-Castroman
- Department of Psychiatry, CHU Nimes, Nimes, France.,Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France.,Centro de Investigacion Biomedical en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
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Philippot A, Moulin P, Charon MH, Balestra C, Dubois V, de Timary P, De Volder A, Bleyenheuft Y, Lambrechts K. Feasibility of Online High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) on Psychological Symptoms in Students in Lockdown During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:904283. [PMID: 35800026 PMCID: PMC9253394 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.904283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to evaluate the feasibility of an online High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) program on clinical psychological symptoms in higher education students in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. MATERIALS AND METHODS During the lockdown, 30 students aged 18-25 years, who had been screened previously with a cut-off score ≥5 in the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) questionnaire, were randomly assigned to either the 4-week HIIT program with three sessions per week conducted through online videos, or a no-intervention control group. The primary outcome was the feasibility assessment. The secondary outcome was a psychological self-report with the 21-items Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21). Assessment and intervention were performed in compliance with social distancing rules. RESULTS Two participants in the HIIT were lost to follow-up, leaving 13 participants vs. 15 in the control group. We observed high adherence (87%) and complete safety for mental and physical status with the HIIT intervention delivered by online videos. The Mann-Whitney test demonstrated a significant (group × time, P-Value = 0.046) reduction of clinical stress symptoms and a trend (group × time, P-Value = 0.08) toward reduction of clinical depression symptoms, both favoring the HIIT group. No significant (group × time, P-Value = 0.118) interaction was found for anxiety symptoms. CONCLUSION The online HIIT program was found to be feasible and safe in a clinical sample of young adults, who were experiencing social and physical restrictions due to COVID-19. HIIT reduced stress and depressive symptoms and thus these preliminary results show promise for broader application among higher education students during the present lockdown necessitated by the global COVID-19 health crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Philippot
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.,Psychiatric Hospital Area+/Epsylon ASBL, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pauline Moulin
- Environmental, Aging (Integrative) Physiology Laboratory, Haute Ecole Bruxelles-Brabant (HE2B), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marie-Hélène Charon
- Environmental, Aging (Integrative) Physiology Laboratory, Haute Ecole Bruxelles-Brabant (HE2B), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Costantino Balestra
- Environmental, Aging (Integrative) Physiology Laboratory, Haute Ecole Bruxelles-Brabant (HE2B), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Vincent Dubois
- Psychiatric Hospital Area+/Epsylon ASBL, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Philippe de Timary
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Adult Psychiatry, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anne De Volder
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yannick Bleyenheuft
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kate Lambrechts
- Environmental, Aging (Integrative) Physiology Laboratory, Haute Ecole Bruxelles-Brabant (HE2B), Brussels, Belgium
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66
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Kiraga MK, Kuypers KPC, Uthaug MV, Ramaekers JG, Mason NL. Decreases in State and Trait Anxiety Post-psilocybin: A Naturalistic, Observational Study Among Retreat Attendees. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:883869. [PMID: 35873251 PMCID: PMC9300865 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.883869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Anxiety disorders are the most common type of psychiatric disorders among Western countries. Evidence-based treatment modalities including pharmacological and cognitive-behavioral therapy result in deficient treatment responses. Historical and recent research suggests psychedelic drugs may be efficacious in alleviating anxiety-related symptoms among healthy and clinical populations. The main aim of the present study was investigation of the effects of psilocybin-containing truffles, when taken in a supportive group setting, on ratings of state and trait anxiety across self-reported healthy volunteers. Attendees of psilocybin ceremonies were asked to complete a test battery at three separate occasions: before the ceremony (baseline), the morning after, and 1 week after the ceremony. The test battery included questionnaires assessing state and trait anxiety (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory), mindfulness capacities (Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire), and personality (Big Five Inventory). Additionally, the psychedelic experience was quantified with the Persisting Effects Questionnaire and the Ego Dissolution Inventory. The total amount of psilocybin-containing truffles consumed by each participant was recorded, and a sample of the truffles was analyzed to determine psilocin concentrations. Fifty-two attendees (males = 25; females = 25; others = 2) completed parts of the baseline assessment, 46 (males = 21; females = 24; others = 1) completed assessments the morning after the ceremony, and 23 (males = 10; females = 13) completed assessments at the 1-week follow-up. Average psilocin consumption across individuals was 27.1 mg. The morning after the ceremony, we observed medium reductions in anxiety measures (both state and trait) compared to baseline ( d ¯ = 6.4; p < 0.001 and d ¯ = 6; p = 0.014, respectively), which persisted over a 1-week period post-ceremony ( d ¯ = 6.7; p = 0.001 and d ¯ = 8.6; p = 0.004, respectively). At 1 week post-ceremony, the non-judging facet of the mindfulness scale was increased ( d ¯ = 1.5; p = 0.03), while the personality trait neuroticism decreased ( d ¯ = 5.2; p = 0.005), when compared to baseline. Additionally, we found ratings of ego dissolution (mean: 59.7, SD: 28.3) and changes in neuroticism to be the strongest predictors of reductions in state and trait anxiety, respectively. In sum, results suggest rapid and persisting (up to 1 week) anxiolytic effects in individuals with sub-clinical anxiety symptoms, which are related to the acute experience of ego dissolution, as well as lasting changes in trait neuroticism. Results also add support to the feasibility and potential efficacy of group sessions with psychedelics. To understand whether these effects extend to wider populations suffering from heightened anxiety, and the mechanisms involved, further experimental research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maggie Kamila Kiraga
- Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Kim P C Kuypers
- Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Malin Vedoy Uthaug
- Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Johannes G Ramaekers
- Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Natasha Leigh Mason
- Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
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67
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López-Arnau R, Camarasa J, Carbó ML, Nadal-Gratacós N, Puigseslloses P, Espinosa-Velasco M, Urquizu E, Escubedo E, Pubill D. 3,4-Methylenedioxy methamphetamine, synthetic cathinones and psychedelics: From recreational to novel psychotherapeutic drugs. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:990405. [PMID: 36262632 PMCID: PMC9574023 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.990405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The utility of classical drugs used to treat psychiatric disorders (e.g., antidepressants, anxiolytics) is often limited by issues of lack of efficacy, delayed onset of action or side effects. Psychoactive substances have a long history of being used as tools to alter consciousness and as a gateway to approach the unknown and the divinities. These substances were initially obtained from plants and animals and more recently by chemical synthesis, and its consumption evolved toward a more recreational use, leading to drug abuse-related disorders, trafficking, and subsequent banning by the authorities. However, these substances, by modulation of certain neurochemical pathways, have been proven to have a beneficial effect on some psychiatric disorders. This evidence obtained under medically controlled conditions and often associated with psychotherapy, makes these substances an alternative to conventional medicines, to which in many cases the patient does not respond properly. Such disorders include post-traumatic stress disease and treatment-resistant depression, for which classical drugs such as MDMA, ketamine, psilocybin and LSD, among others, have already been clinically tested, reporting successful outcomes. The irruption of new psychoactive substances (NPS), especially during the last decade and despite their recreational and illicit uses, has enlarged the library of substances with potential utility on these disorders. In fact, many of them were synthetized with therapeutic purposes and were withdrawn for concrete reasons (e.g., adverse effects, improper pharmacological profile). In this review we focus on the basis, existing evidence and possible use of synthetic cathinones and psychedelics (specially tryptamines) for the treatment of mental illnesses and the properties that should be found in NPS to obtain new therapeutic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl López-Arnau
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Camarasa
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marcel Lí Carbó
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Nadal-Gratacós
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Pharmaceutical Chemistry Group (GQF), IQS School of Engineering, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pol Puigseslloses
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Espinosa-Velasco
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Edurne Urquizu
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Escubedo
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Pubill
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain
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Gibert L, Coulange M, Reynier JC, Le Quiniat F, Molle A, Bénéton F, Meurice V, Micoulaud JA, Trousselard M. Comparing meditative scuba diving versus multisport activities to improve post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms: a pilot, randomized controlled clinical trial. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2022; 13:2031590. [PMID: 35145610 PMCID: PMC8823687 DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2022.2031590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a chronic and disabling disease that currently has no fully effective therapeutic solution. Complementary approaches, such as relaxation, sport, or meditation, could be therapeutic aids for symptom reduction. Scuba diving combines sport and mindfulness training and has been found to have a positive effect on chronic stress and PTSD. OBJECTIVES The first objective of this pilot study is to compare the effectiveness of diving associated with mindfulness exercises (the Bathysmed® protocol) with multisport activity in reducing PTSD symptoms. The secondary objective is to compare the impact of the Bathysmed® protocol on mindfulness functioning in the two groups of subjects suffering from PTSD. METHOD This proof-of-concept took the form of a controlled randomized clinical trial. The primary endpoint was the severity of PTSD symptoms, measured by the PCL-5 (PTSD Check List) scale. Half of the group were exposed to the Bathysmed® protocol (the experimental condition), and the other half to a non-specific multisport program. RESULTS Bathysmed® protocol improved PCL-5 scores more than the multisport program but the result was not significant. The protocol was significantly better than the multisport activity in reducing intrusion symptoms of PTSD after one month. Globally, trait mindfulness scores improved up to one month after the course, but the result was not significant. Three months after the course, there was no difference between the two groups with regard to PCL-5 and Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory scores.. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates the value of the Bathysmed® protocol even though it suffers from a lack of power and could only obtain partial but encouraging results. Mindfulness must be practiced over the long term to achieve stable benefits. This probably explains why no differences persisted three months after the course. Further work is needed to confirm the initial results obtained with this pilot study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lionel Gibert
- PsycoMadd, Université Paris Saclay, France.,Stress neurophysiology, French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France.,Hopital Paul Brousse, Aphp, Villejuif, France
| | - Mathieu Coulange
- Service de Médecine Hyperbare, Subaquatique Et Maritime, Assistance Publique Des Hôpitaux de Marseille, France.,Hyperbaric medicine, Institut de Physiologie Et de Médecine En Milieu Maritime Et En Environnement Extrême, Phymarex, Marseille, France.,Inserm 1263 - Inra 1260, Team V: Adenosinergic System and Cardiovascular Disease, Aix Marseille Université, France
| | - Jean-Charles Reynier
- Service de Médecine Hyperbare, Subaquatique Et Maritime, Assistance Publique Des Hôpitaux de Marseille, France.,Hyperbaric medicine, Institut de Physiologie Et de Médecine En Milieu Maritime Et En Environnement Extrême, Phymarex, Marseille, France
| | - Frédéric Le Quiniat
- Service de Médecine Hyperbare, Subaquatique Et Maritime, Assistance Publique Des Hôpitaux de Marseille, France.,Hyperbaric medicine, Institut de Physiologie Et de Médecine En Milieu Maritime Et En Environnement Extrême, Phymarex, Marseille, France
| | - Aymeric Molle
- Stress neurophysiology, French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | | | | | - Jean Arthur Micoulaud
- Sleep medicine, Services Universitaire de Médecine du Sommeil, Sums, Chu de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Usr Cnrs 3413 Sanpsy, Chu Pellegrin, Université de Bordeaux, France
| | - Marion Trousselard
- Stress neurophysiology, French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
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69
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Lopes PKF, Engel DF, Bertolini NO, de Azevedo Martins MS, Pereira CA, Velloso LA, Thomasi SS, de Moura RF. Behavioral, neuroplasticity and metabolic effects of 7,8-dihydroxy-4-methylcoumarin associated with physical activity in mice. Metab Brain Dis 2021; 36:2425-2436. [PMID: 34599738 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00849-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
Abstract
The search for strategies to develop resilience against metabolic and neuropsychiatric disorders has motivated the clinical and experimental assessment of early life interventions such as lifestyle-based and use of unconventional pharmacological compounds. In this study, we assessed the effects of voluntary physical activity and 7,8-Dihydroxy-4-methylcoumarin (DHMC), independently or in combination, over mice physiological and behavioral parameters, adult hippocampal and hypothalamic neurogenesis, and neurotrophic factors expression in the hypothalamus. C57Bl/6J mice were submitted to a 29-day treatment with DHMC and allowed free access to a running wheel. We found that DHMC treatment alone reduced fasting blood glucose levels. Moreover, physical activity showed an anxiolytic effect in the elevated plus maze task and DHMC produced additional anxiolytic behavior, evidenced by reduced activity during the light cycle in the physical activity group. Although we did not find any differences in hypothalamic or hippocampal adult neurogenesis, DHMC increased gene expression levels of VEGF, which was correlated to the reduced fasting glucose levels. In conclusion, our data emphasize the potential of physical activity in reducing development of neuropsychiatric conditions, such as anxiety, and highlights DHMC as an attractive compound to be investigated in future studies addressing neuropsychiatric disorders associated with metabolic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daiane Fátima Engel
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13084-970, Brazil.
- School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, 35400-000, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | - Licio Augusto Velloso
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13084-970, Brazil
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70
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Hornik B, Duława J, Durmała J. Metabolic Syndrome and Psychological Effects of Exercise in Hemodialysis Patients. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:11952. [PMID: 34831708 PMCID: PMC8622865 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182211952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MS) and anxiety disorders are common problems among hemodialysis patients (HD). However, there have been no studies defining the role of physical activity in reducing anxiety in HD patients with MS. This study was aimed to determine the effects on the severity of anxiety of a four-week rehabilitation program for HD patients, with or without metabolic syndrome (MS), planned and adapted to their abilities. The study was single-center, interventional, non-randomized, and prospective. Fifty-eight individuals completed the project (28 HD patients and 30 controls (C) with normal kidney function). Each group was divided into two subgroups with respect to MS. The mean age of the subjects in the HD and C groups was 56.9 ± 13.3 years (x¯ ± SD) and 61.5 ± 8.3 years (x¯ ± SD), respectively. Planned and adapted to the patient's abilities, the rehabilitation program based on physiotherapy was provided to each subject for 4 weeks. Baseline and post-intervention determined anxiety levels using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). The X1 scale tests state anxiety, and the X2 scale tests trait anxiety. Post-intervention, there was no significant difference in the intensity of state anxiety observed in HD patients compared to C with normal renal function, as observed before the program. After four weeks of regular physical activity planned and adapted to the patient's abilities in an inpatient ward, the level of state anxiety (X1) and trait anxiety (X2) lowered considerably in all HD patients (respectively: 35.1 ± 8.0 vs. 29.2 ± 5.0, p = 0.001 for X1 and 41.8 ± 9.1 vs. 38.1 ± 5.9, p = 0.008 for X2). The rehabilitation program significantly reduced the intensity of state anxiety (X1) in HD patients with MS (35.8 ± 7.9 vs. 29.2 ± 5.1; p = 0.01). The rehabilitation program helped to significantly reduce the intensity of trait anxiety (X2) in HD patients without MS (41.9 ± 10.7 vs. 36.9 ± 5.9; p = 0.04). Four-week physical activity planned and adapted to the patient's abilities reduces the intensity of anxiety in HD patients and controls with normal renal function. HD patients with MS benefit more in terms of reducing perceived state anxiety, and HD patients without MS in terms of reducing trait anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Hornik
- Department of Internal Nursing, School of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | - Jan Duława
- Department of Internal Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, School of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland;
- Diaverum, 40-635 Katowice, Poland
| | - Jacek Durmała
- Department of Rehabilitation, School of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland;
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71
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Lubecka B, Lubecki M, Kasperczyk J, Jośko-Ochojska J, Pudlo R. Risk Modifying Factors of Anxiety and Depressive Disorders, Using the Example of a Population Study in the Żywiec District. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:10248. [PMID: 34639549 PMCID: PMC8549709 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph181910248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was the identification of the risk modifying factors of anxiety and depressive disorders based on a population study. This study was conducted in a randomly selected group of 1659 adult inhabitants of the Żywiec district. Anonymous questionnaires consisting of a proprietary questionnaire and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) were used to collect the data. The conducted analysis revealed that the factors increasing the risk of depressive disorders in the studied population were female gender, age over 60, retirement period, primary and vocational education, unemployment, mental work and absolute lack of physical activity, but also daily and intensive sports, heavy smoking, chronic somatic diseases and misuse of sleeping pills and over-the-counter sedatives. Anxiety disorders occurred more often in the group of unemployed, self-employed or retired people. They also occurred more often in the group of people who do not perform any physical activity and use alcohol every day, but also among those who maintain abstinence, regularly smoke tobacco and use stimulants, suffer from somatic diseases and overuse sleeping drugs. Disease preventive factors for anxiety disorders and depression were a constant form of employment, moderate and regular physical activity, avoiding the use of psychoactive substances and the regular treatment of comorbid somatic diseases and insomnia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogumiła Lubecka
- Individual Specialist Medical Practice Bogumiła Lubecka, 40-507 Katowice, Poland
| | - Marek Lubecki
- Individual Specialist Medical Practice Marek Lubecki, 40-507 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Janusz Kasperczyk
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Epidemiology, Medical University of Silesia, 41-808 Zabrze-Rokitnica, Poland; (J.K.); (J.J.-O.)
| | - Jadwiga Jośko-Ochojska
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Epidemiology, Medical University of Silesia, 41-808 Zabrze-Rokitnica, Poland; (J.K.); (J.J.-O.)
| | - Robert Pudlo
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Silesia, 42-612 Tarnowskie Góry, Poland;
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Felez-Nobrega M, Bort-Roig J, Ma R, Romano E, Faires M, Stubbs B, Stamatakis E, Olaya B, Haro JM, Smith L, Shin JI, Kim MS, Koyanagi A. Light-intensity physical activity and mental ill health: a systematic review of observational studies in the general population. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2021; 18:123. [PMID: 34526048 PMCID: PMC8444599 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-021-01196-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Most of theevidence has focused on examining the influence of moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity on mental health, but he role of light intensity physical activity (LIPA) is less understood. The purpose of this systematic review was to assess the relationship between time spent in LIPA and mental ill health across the lifespan. Methods Data were obtained from online databases (Medline, Embase, Scopus, PsychInfo and CINAHL). The search and collection of eligible studies was conducted up to May 28, 2020. Observational studies conducted in the general population and reporting on the association between LIPA (1.6–2.9 metabolic equivalents; either self-reported or device-based measured) and mental ill health were included. Results Twenty-two studies were included in the review (16 cross-sectional and 6 longitudinal). In older adults (≥ 65 years) and adults (18–64 years), the evidence examining the relationship between LIPA and depressive symptoms is mixed. Data on anxiety, psychological distress and overall mental health are scarce, and results are inconclusive. There is no evidence suggesting favorable associations between LIPA and anxiety in college students. Finally, very limited data was found in adolescents (11–17 years) (n = 2 studies) and children (6–10 years) (n = 2 studies), but the evidence suggests that LIPA does not influence mental health outcomes in these age groups. Conclusions This review provided mostly cross-sectional evidence indicating that LIPA may not be associated with mental health outcomes across age groups. Future research efforts employing prospective research designs are warranted to better understand the role of LIPA on mental ill health across age groups. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12966-021-01196-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Felez-Nobrega
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, C/ Dr. Antoni Pujadas 42, 08830, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. .,Centre for Biomedical Research on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Judit Bort-Roig
- Sport and Physical Activity Research Group and Centre for Health and Social Care Research, Department of Physical Activity and Sports Sciences, University of Vic - Central University of Catalonia, Vic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ruimin Ma
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Eugenia Romano
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Matthew Faires
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Brendon Stubbs
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK.,South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AZ, UK
| | - Emmanuel Stamatakis
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Beatriz Olaya
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, C/ Dr. Antoni Pujadas 42, 08830, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Research on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep Maria Haro
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, C/ Dr. Antoni Pujadas 42, 08830, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Research on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Lee Smith
- The Cambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jae Il Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Seo Kim
- Korea University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Genomics and Digital Health, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ai Koyanagi
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, C/ Dr. Antoni Pujadas 42, 08830, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Research on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.,ICREA, Pg. Lluis Companys 23, Barcelona, Spain
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Understanding the Life, Pain, and Barriers to Physical Activity in Korean Patients with Panic Disorder: Photovoice Inquiry. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18158140. [PMID: 34360432 PMCID: PMC8346144 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18158140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: This study attempted to understand the life, pain, and barriers to physical activity in the daily life of patients with panic disorder (PD). It aimed to provide specific evidence to promote physical activity for patients, suggesting that suitable physical activity strategies for patients with PD would be of value. Methods: Seven patients were invited to participate in a photovoice study. Photovoice is one example of participatory action research. Results: This study inductively identified two main themes: the life and pain of patients with PD and perceived barriers to participate in physical activity by patients with panic disorder. Conclusion: Based on a specific understanding of the population, this study attempted to provide evidence why patients with panic disorder need appropriate physical-activity-promoting strategies.
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Azzi DV, Melo J, Neto ADAC, Castelo PM, Andrade EF, Pereira LJ. Quality of life, physical activity and burnout syndrome during online learning period in Brazilian university students during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cluster analysis. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2021; 27:466-480. [PMID: 34192994 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2021.1944656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused several changes in the teaching-learning process, as it abruptly replaced the conventional classes into online classes despite social distancing requirements. Such changes may be associated with several mental health problems and negatively affect the quality of life and academic performance of university students. We performed a cluster analysis in a large sample of Brazilian undergraduate students, considering sociodemographic data, physical activity frequency, study areas, Burnout Syndrome (BS), Quality of Life (QoL) and perception of online learning (OL) during COVID-19 pandemic. Seven hundred and three students (between 17 and 62 years, from 67 higher education institutions) participated in the study. We identified three different profiles of students regarding psychological aspects and OL perception. The first profile, called as the 'Low QoL' group was composed of younger students, mainly females, with higher frequency of psychological disorders (as evidenced by the self-report of depression and/or anxiety), in addition to higher Burnout scores, lower QoL and worse OL perception. The second profile called 'Intermediate QoL' comprised participants with an average age of 45 years, with a greater number of men, married, with kids and working in addition to studying. They presented better OL scores than the 'Low QoL' group. The third profile called 'Better QoL' comprised students with higher scores in all domains of QoL and better OL perception, with greater frequency of physical activity and lower BS scores. Students from Health courses showed higher scores for general QoL, and also for the psychological and environmental domains in relation to the other areas. Besides, students of the Exact Sciences courses showed higher scores on all OL perception items in comparison to the other courses. Our results provide insights regarding the mental health profile of undergraduate students, allowing educational managers to outline specific coping strategies to assist students during the pandemic.
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Marques A, Marconcin P, Werneck AO, Ferrari G, Gouveia ÉR, Kliegel M, Peralta M, Ihle A. Bidirectional Association between Physical Activity and Dopamine Across Adulthood-A Systematic Review. Brain Sci 2021; 11:829. [PMID: 34201523 PMCID: PMC8301978 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11070829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical activity (PA) may influence the secretion of neurotransmitters and thereby have positive consequences for an individual's vulnerability (i.e., reducing anxiety and depressive symptoms). This systematic review aims to analyse the potential bidirectional effects of exercise on dopamine from young adulthood to old age. The article search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science in December 2020. The inclusion criteria were longitudinal and experimental study design; outcomes included dopamine and exercise; effect of exercise on dopamine and vice versa; adults; and articles published in English, Portuguese, or Spanish. Fifteen articles were included in the review. We observed robust findings concerning the potential effects of PA on dopamine, which notably seem to be observable across a wide range of participants characteristics (including age and sex), a variety of PA characteristics, and a broad set of methods to analyse dopamine. By contrast, regarding the potential effects of dopamine on PA, findings were mixed across studies. Thus, there are robust effects of physical exercise on dopamine. These findings further strengthen the idea that innovative approaches could include PA interventions for treating and preventing mental disorders. Therefore, it seems that PA is a potential alternative to deal with mental health issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adilson Marques
- CIPER, Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, 1499-002 Cruz Quebrada, Portugal; (A.M.); (M.P.)
- ISAMB, University of Lisbon, 1649-004 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Priscila Marconcin
- Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, 1649-004 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - André O. Werneck
- Center for Epidemiological Research in Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-220, Brazil;
| | - Gerson Ferrari
- Escuela de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago 9170124, Chile;
| | - Élvio R. Gouveia
- Departamento de Educação Física e Desporto, Universidade da Madeira, 9000-390 Funchal, Portugal;
- Interactive Technologies Institute, LARSyS, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
- Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (M.K.); (A.I.)
| | - Matthias Kliegel
- Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (M.K.); (A.I.)
- Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research LIVES—Overcoming Vulnerability, Life Course Perspectives, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Miguel Peralta
- CIPER, Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, 1499-002 Cruz Quebrada, Portugal; (A.M.); (M.P.)
- ISAMB, University of Lisbon, 1649-004 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Andreas Ihle
- Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (M.K.); (A.I.)
- Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research LIVES—Overcoming Vulnerability, Life Course Perspectives, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
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76
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The impact of sitting time and physical activity on mental health during COVID-19 lockdown. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2021; 18:179-191. [PMID: 34127931 PMCID: PMC8190724 DOI: 10.1007/s11332-021-00791-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Objective The primary aim of this study was to investigate the association between physical activity (PA) and sitting time on adults’ mental health (i.e., depression, anxiety and wellbeing) and the influence of mediators and confounders. Methods An online survey was disseminated in the UK between May and June 2020. A total of 284 participants (33.5 ± 12.4 years) self-reported their PA, sitting time and mental health through validated questionnaires. Results Multiple stepwise regression analysis revealed that being of younger age, female, on a lower income, with one or more comorbid health conditions, with a previous diagnosis of mood disorder and increased sitting time independently correlated with higher depression scores (F (13,219) = 12.31, p < 0.001), and explained 42% of the variance. Similar results were found for wellbeing where socio-demographic, health outcomes and sitting time influenced the subjective wellbeing (F (14,218) = 5.77, p < 0.001, 27% variance), although only socio-demographic and health outcomes contributed to the variation in anxiety score (F (13,219) = 7.84, p < 0.001, 32% variance). PA did not explain variation when sitting time was taken into account in any of the models. Combined analysis revealed that participants with lower sedentary time (< 8 h) and with both low or moderate and high PA presented a significantly lower depression score [low PA: (B = −2.7, 95% CI −4.88, −0.52); moderate and high PA (B = −2.7, −4.88, −0.52)]. Conclusion Sitting time was strongly associated with adverse mental health during COVID-19 lockdown and should be considered in future public health recommendations.
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Donahue PT, Grove G, Stillman C, Kang C, Burns J, Hillman CH, Kramer AF, McAuley E, Vidoni E, Erickson KI. Estimating the financial costs associated with a phase III, multi-site exercise intervention trial: Investigating Gains in Neurocognition in an Intervention Trial of Exercise (IGNITE). Contemp Clin Trials 2021; 105:106401. [PMID: 33857678 PMCID: PMC8172438 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2021.106401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Supervised exercise interventions are expensive and time intensive. However, there are financial costs to consider in addition to the intervention itself, namely: advertising and recruitment, outcome assessments, and other trial-related costs. OBJECTIVES In this analysis, we examine the financial costs associated with the administration of Investigating Gains in Neurocognition in an Intervention Trial of Exercise (IGNITE) to quantify the costs associated with large exercise intervention trials and to provide future investigators with financial estimates if they wish to pursue studies of a similar design. METHODS Cost per randomized participant were calculated in four areas: (1) advertising and recruitment, (2) outcome assessments, (3) delivery of the intervention, and (4) other trial-related expenses. Overall trial costs associated with data analysis, faculty salaries, and indirect costs were estimated as well. RESULTS The total cost per randomized participant was estimated to be $16,494. Outcome assessments accounted for the highest proportion of per-participant (75%) and total trial (38%) costs. Neuroimaging assessments (MRI & PET) cost $8247 per randomized participant, accounting for two-thirds (67%) of outcome assessment costs and half (50%) of per-participant costs. CONCLUSION Large clinical trials of exercise are expensive (~$21 million), particularly when administering several visits to assess study aims. Outcome assessments, specifically those involving neuroimaging, accounted for a significant proportion of total costs in this analysis. Future investigators must budget accordingly if they wish to conduct a comprehensive, multi-site exercise intervention trial that examines numerous physiological and psychological outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick T Donahue
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | | | | | | | - Jeffrey Burns
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | | | - Arthur F Kramer
- Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA; University of Illinois, Champaign, IL, USA
| | | | - Eric Vidoni
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, USA
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Pulmonary Effects Due to Physical Exercise in Polluted Air: Evidence from Studies Conducted on Healthy Humans. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11072890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Physical inactivity has caused serious effects on the health of the population, having an impact on the quality of life and the cost of healthcare for many countries. This has motivated government and private institutions to promote regular physical activity, which, paradoxically, can involve health risks when it is carried out in areas with poor air quality. This review collects information from studies conducted on healthy humans related to the pulmonary effects caused by the practice of physical activity when there is poor air quality. In addition, several challenges related to the technological and educational areas, as well as to applied and basic research, have been identified to facilitate the rational practice of exercise in poor air quality conditions.
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79
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Physical exercise as an add-on treatment to cognitive behavioural therapy for anxiety: a systematic review. Behav Cogn Psychother 2021; 49:626-640. [PMID: 33678210 DOI: 10.1017/s1352465821000126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is currently the treatment of choice for most anxiety disorders. Yet, with recovery rates of approximately 50%, many patients fail to achieve complete remission. This has led to increased efforts to enhance treatment efficacy. Physical exercise (PE) has in recent years been advocated as means to augment the effects of CBT for anxiety disorders. PE appears to reduce anxiety through other mechanisms than CBT, some of which might also have the potential to augment the effects of psychological treatment. AIMS The current review aimed to summarize and discuss the current research status on CBT augmented with PE for anxiety. METHOD A systematic literature search was conducted in the databases PsychInfo, Medline and Web of Science to evaluate the potential augmentative effect of combining PE with CBT for anxiety disorders. These effects were intended to be evaluated in a meta-analysis, but findings from the few and diverse studies were better summarized in a systematic review. RESULTS Eight articles were included in this review, of which two had no control group, while six had from two to four experimental arms. Six of the studies concluded in favour of benefits of add-on PE, while two studies found no added benefits of the combined interventions. CONCLUSIONS The combination of PE and CBT appears feasible. Add-on PE seems to be more beneficial for clinical populations, when administered regularly several times per week, across several weeks. Future studies should investigate further how and for whom to best combine PE and CBT.
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Disease prevalence and number of health care visits among members of a nationwide sports organization compared to matched controls. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:455. [PMID: 33676474 PMCID: PMC7937278 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10466-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Physical activity has positive effects on several diseases and may reduce the risk of morbidity and the mortality rate. Whether the prevalence of disease and health care consumption differ between the members of sports organizations and the general population has not been established. Hence, this pilot study aimed to compare the prevalence of diseases known to be associated with physical inactivity and health care consumption in members of a large non-profit sports organization and an age-, sex- and geographically matched random sample from the general population. Methods Subjects in two Swedish cities who exercised at least once a week and had been members for at least two years in the non-profit sports organization Friskis&Svettis were invited. A randomized age-, sex- and geographically matched sample was drawn from the general population. Data on disease prevalence (by International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) codes) and health care consumption were retrieved using the members’ personal identification numbers through a regional health care database. Between-group differences in the prevalence of disease were compared using chi2-tests and logistic regression between members and controls. Health care consumption was defined as the number of visits, stratified by primary and hospital care, and was compared using chi2-tests and Mann-Whitney U-tests. Results In total, 3015 subjects were included in each group (response rate 11%). Controls had higher prevalence rates of musculoskeletal diseases (13.3% vs. 11.6%, p = 0.047), metabolic disease (10.4% vs. 5.4%, p < 0.001), hypertension (16.6% vs. 11.7%, p < 0.001), psychiatric diseases (8.9% vs. 7.1%, p = 0.012) and lung cancer (0.4% vs. 0%, p = 0.001) than the members. The total number of health care contacts was 22% higher in the controls than in the members, whereas the proportion of subjects with at least one health care visit was larger in the members (89% vs. 79%, p < 0.001). Conclusions The prevalence rates of lifestyle diseases related to musculoskeletal, metabolic and psychiatric diseases, hypertension and lung cancer, and the overall health care consumption, were lower among members of a sports organization than among controls. However, longitudinal studies are needed to establish a cause-effect relationship between membership and disease development. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-021-10466-9.
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Vancampfort D, Sánchez CPR, Hallgren M, Schuch F, Firth J, Rosenbaum S, Van Damme T, Stubbs B. Dropout from exercise randomized controlled trials among people with anxiety and stress-related disorders: A meta-analysis and meta-regression. J Affect Disord 2021; 282:996-1004. [PMID: 33601745 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE . Exercise has established efficacy in people with anxiety and stress-related disorders. Dropouts from randomized controlled trials (RCT's) pose a threat to the validity of the evidence, with dropout rates varying across studies. We conducted a meta-analysis to investigate the prevalence and predictors of dropout rates among adults with anxiety and stress-related disorders participating in exercise RCT's. METHODS . Two authors searched major electronic databases up to 07/2020. We included RCT's of exercise interventions in people with anxiety and stress-related disorders that reported dropout rates. A random effects meta-analysis and meta-regression were conducted. RESULTS . Fourteen RCT's involving 16 exercise interventions (n=369, mean age 20.7 to 67.7years; 38.4% male) were included. The trim-and-fill-adjusted prevalence of dropout across all studies was 22.4% (95%CI = 15.0% to 32.0%). Applying controlled motivation strategies (P<0.001) predicted higher dropout. Supervision during all sessions and by an expert in exercise prescription and applying autonomous motivation strategies predicted lower dropout (all P<0.001). Dropout was similar in exercise versus control conditions (OR = 0.84, 95%CI = 0.54 to 1.29, p = 0.42, I2 = 0%; N=16). LIMITATIONS . Potentially important moderators of dropout, such as the severity of mental health symptoms and illness duration were insufficiently available. CONCLUSIONS . Exercise is well tolerated by people with anxiety and stress-related disorders and drop out in RCT's is comparable to control conditions. Thus, exercise is a feasible treatment, in particular when autonomous motivation strategies are included and when the intervention is delivered by healthcare professionals with expertise in exercise prescription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davy Vancampfort
- KU Leuven Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Leuven, Belgium; University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Leuven, Kortenberg, Belgium.
| | | | - Mats Hallgren
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Felipe Schuch
- Department of Sports Methods and Techniques, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Joseph Firth
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, Australia
| | - Simon Rosenbaum
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Black Dog Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | - Tine Van Damme
- KU Leuven Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Leuven, Belgium; University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Leuven, Kortenberg, Belgium
| | - Brendon Stubbs
- Physiotherapy Department, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
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Felez-Nobrega M, Haro JM, Stubbs B, Smith L, Koyanagi A. Moving more, ageing happy: findings from six low- and middle-income countries. Age Ageing 2021; 50:488-497. [PMID: 32808968 PMCID: PMC7936032 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afaa137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND low levels of well-being (including happiness) in the older population are major global concern given rapid population ageing especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Physical activity may increase levels of happiness, but data on the older population are scarce, while there are no data from LMICs. OBJECTIVE we investigated the relationship between physical activity and happiness, and the influential factors in this association among older adults employing nationally representative datasets from six LMICs. METHODS community-based cross-sectional data from the Global Ageing and Adult Health study were analysed. Physical activity was assessed with the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. Participants were grouped into those who do and do not meet physical activity recommendations. Happiness was assessed with a cross-culturally validated single-item question (range 0-4) with higher scores indicating higher levels of happiness. Multivariable ordinal logistic regression and mediation analyses were performed. RESULTS the sample included 14,585 adults aged ≥65 years (mean age = 72.6 ± SD 11.4 years; 55% female). After adjusting for multiple confounders, meeting physical activity guidelines was positively associated with more happiness (fully adjusted model, odds ratio = 1.27; 95% confidence interval = 1.04-1.54). The physical activity-happiness association was largely explained by difficulties in mobility, cognitive impairment, disability and social cohesion, which explained ≥20% of the association. CONCLUSIONS meeting recommended physical activity levels was positively linked with happiness in older adults from LMICs. Longitudinal and interventional studies among older people in LMICs are warranted to assess directionality and the potential for physical activity promotion to improve mental well-being in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Josep Maria Haro
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Research on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Brendon Stubbs
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AZ, UK
- Faculty of Health, Medicine, Social Care and Education, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford CM1 1SQ, UK
| | - Lee Smith
- The Cambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ai Koyanagi
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Research on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- ICREA, Pg. Lluis Companys 23, Barcelona, Spain
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Merkin AG, Akinfieva SS, Martyushev-Poklad AV, Beloskurskaya OP, Dinov EN, Ostrovsky SL, Komarov AN, Zakharova OY, Kazhin VA, Nikiforov IA, Glover M. Anxiety: phenomenology, epidemiology, and risk factors during the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic. NEUROLOGY, NEUROPSYCHIATRY, PSYCHOSOMATICS 2021. [DOI: 10.14412/2074-2711-2021-1-107-112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic in 2020 led to significant negative social consequences associated inter alia with adverse effects on mental health. One of the most common mental illness is anxiety disorders, the rise in which is characteristic of social upheaval periods. This paper analyzes the problem of anxiety, reviews information on the epidemiology of anxiety, on the factors and mechanisms of its development. It unveils the association of anxiety with addictive disorders, lifestyle factors, and traumatic childhood experience and highlights the problem of increased anxiety in the context of the novel coronavirus COVID-19 pandemics in Russia.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. G. Merkin
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Specialized Types of Medical Care and Medical Technologies, Federal Biomedical Agency of Russia; Centre for Precise Psychiatry and Neurosciences
| | - S. S. Akinfieva
- Doverie (Trust) National Center for Social Support and Rehabilitation Technologies
| | | | | | - E. N. Dinov
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University)
| | | | - A. N. Komarov
- Doverie (Trust) National Center for Social Support and Rehabilitation Technologies
| | - O. Yu. Zakharova
- Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration
| | | | - I. A. Nikiforov
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Specialized Types of Medical Care and Medical Technologies, Federal Biomedical Agency of Russia
| | - M. Glover
- Centre of Research Excellence: Indigenous Sovereignty & Smoking
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Han J, Nepal P, Odelade A, Freely FD, Belton DM, Graves JL, Maldonado-Devincci AM. High-Fat Diet-Induced Weight Gain, Behavioral Deficits, and Dopamine Changes in Young C57BL/6J Mice. Front Nutr 2021; 7:591161. [PMID: 33553228 PMCID: PMC7855171 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.591161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic exposure to a high-fat diet (HFD) may predispose individuals to neuropathologies and behavioral deficits. The objective of this study was to determine the temporal effects of a HFD on weight gain, behavioral deficits, and dopamine changes in young mice. One-month old C57BL/6J male and female mice were fed either a control diet (containing 10% calories from fat) or a HFD (containing 45% of calories from fat) for 5 months. Physiological measures such as food consumption, body weight, blood glucose, and behaviors such as motor activity, sensorimotor integration, and anxiety-like behaviors were evaluated monthly. Dopamine (DA), dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2), and dopamine transporter (DT) protein expression levels were measured in the midbrain after 5 months of dietary exposure. Results showed that body weight was significantly greater in the HFD-exposed group compared to the control-group at the end of the 4th month, while food consumption was similar in both groups. For behavioral effects, the HFD group exhibited a significant decrease in motor activity in the open field test after 3 months, and rearing frequency after 4 months of dietary exposure. The HFD group also showed deficits in sensorimotor integration after 3 months. Specifically, chronic HFD exposure increased contact time and time to remove the first adhesive tape in the adhesive-tape removal test (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the HFD group showed significant deficits in balance/coordination compared to the control group after 4 months of dietary exposure using the beam traverse test, and increased anxiety-like behavior tested by both the open field and light/dark box tests (p < 0.05). Neurochemical measurements showed that HFD-exposed mice had significantly higher midbrain DA and DRD2 protein levels compared to the control group after 5 months of dietary exposure (p < 0.05). These results indicate that the impact of HFD on the C57BL/6J mouse strain began at the 3rd month of dietary exposure. Behavioral deficits occurred at a similar time point as increased body weight, at about 3–4 months. Overall, this study provides a critical understanding on how HFD-induced changes in weight gain and behavioral deficits in this strain occur over time. The behavioral changes support the idea that changes also occurred in neurochemical pathways such as dopamine dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Han
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC, United States
| | - Pragya Nepal
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC, United States
| | - Anuoluwapo Odelade
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC, United States
| | - Frederick D Freely
- Department of Psychology, College of Health and Human Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC, United States
| | - Destiny M Belton
- Department of Psychology, College of Health and Human Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC, United States
| | - Joseph L Graves
- Department of Nanoengineering, Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC, United States
| | - Antoniette M Maldonado-Devincci
- Department of Psychology, College of Health and Human Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC, United States
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85
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Li Y, Xia X, Meng F, Zhang C. The association of physical fitness with mental health in children: A serial multiple mediation model. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 41:7280-7289. [PMID: 33424199 PMCID: PMC7778564 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-020-01327-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
There is growing interest in the association between physical fitness and mental health. This study aimed to extend current knowledge by investigating the potential mediating roles of resilience and anxiety in the association between physical fitness and mental health in children. A total of 269 children were selected by stratified random sampling from three primary schools in China. Physical fitness was scored using the Chinese National Student Physical Fitness Standard. Resilience, anxiety, and mental health data were collected using the following questionnaires: Resilience Scale for Chinese Adolescents, Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children, and the Mental Health Test. The PROCESS macro developed by Hayes was used to conduct serial multiple mediation analysis. We found that physical fitness, resilience, anxiety, and mental health were significantly correlated. Children with higher physical fitness had lower mental health problems; however, this statistical significance was not detectable after controlling for resilience and anxiety. Serial multiple mediation analysis revealed that the association of physical fitness with mental health was partially mediated by resilience and anxiety. These results indicate that the positive association of physical fitness with mental health in children may be changed through resilience and anxiety, which appear to play serial multiple mediating roles in this association. These findings contribute to deeper understanding of the associations between these factors and suggest that promoting physical fitness independent of considering resilience and anxiety may be insufficient to achieve good mental health in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yansong Li
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue Xia
- School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Fanying Meng
- Institute of Physical Education, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Chunhua Zhang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
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86
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Svensson M, Brundin L, Erhardt S, Hållmarker U, James S, Deierborg T. Physical Activity Is Associated With Lower Long-Term Incidence of Anxiety in a Population-Based, Large-Scale Study. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:714014. [PMID: 34566716 PMCID: PMC8460768 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.714014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical activity may prevent anxiety, but the importance of exercise intensity, sex-specific mechanisms, and duration of the effects remains largely unknown. We used an observational study design to follow 395,369 individuals for up to 21 years to investigate if participation in an ultralong-distance cross-country ski race (Vasaloppet, up to 90 km) was associated with a lower risk of developing anxiety. Skiers in the race and matched non-skiers from the general population were studied after participation in the race using the Swedish population and patient registries. Skiers (n = 197,685, median age 36 years, 38% women) had a significantly lower risk of developing anxiety during the follow-up compared to non-skiers (adjusted hazard ratio, HR 0.42). However, among women, higher physical performance (measured as the finishing time to complete the race, a proxy for higher exercise dose) was associated with an increased risk of anxiety compared to slower skiing women (HR 2.00). For men, the finishing time of the race did not significantly impact the risk of anxiety. Our results support the recommendations of engaging in physical activity to decrease the risk of anxiety in both men and women. The impact of physical performance level on the risk of anxiety requires further investigations among women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Svensson
- Experimental Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lena Brundin
- Center for Neurodegenerative Sciences, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MN, United States
| | - Sophie Erhardt
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulf Hållmarker
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Internal Medicine, Mora Hospital, Mora, Sweden
| | - Stefan James
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tomas Deierborg
- Experimental Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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87
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Zhu W, Xu D, Li H, Xu G, Tian J, Lyu L, Wan N, Wei L, Rong W, Liu C, Wu B, Bian X, Lyu A. Impact of Long-Term Home Quarantine on Mental Health and Physical Activity of People in Shanghai During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:782753. [PMID: 35153854 PMCID: PMC8829462 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.782753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of long-term home quarantine on the mental health of people during the COVID-19 epidemic in Shanghai. We conducted an online questionnaire survey on March 26 2020 and collected data on demographics, level of physical activity (PA), and mental health status of the participants. We assessed the mental health status using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), whereas PA was assessed using International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ-SF). Of all 2,409 valid samples, participants reported performing a total of 2015.20 metabolic equivalent of task (MET)-minutes/week of total PA before the outbreak period and 1720.29 MET-minutes/week of total PA during the outbreak period (p < 0.001). Participants who spent a longer time at home reported to have a better performance on the PHQ-9 (p = 0.087) and GAD-7 (p < 0.001). A high level of PA was considered an protective factor against depression (OR = 0.755, 95% CI 0.603-0.944, p < 0.001). Additionally, a high level of PA had a preventative effect on anxiety (OR = 0.741, 95% CI 0.568-0.967, p < 0.001), and a longer working period during the outbreak was shown to be a risk factor for anxiety (11-29 days, OR 1.455, 95% CI 1.110-1.909; 30-60 days OR 1.619, 95% CI 1.227-2.316). Home confinement during the pandemic might not have a negative effect on mental health provided that people engage in more PA indoors. This study encourages interventions for mental health problems through physical exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentong Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Doudou Xu
- Department of Nursing, School of Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Xu
- School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingyan Tian
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Luheng Lyu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Naifu Wan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijiang Wei
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wuwei Rong
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenchen Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Beiwen Wu
- Department of Nursing, School of Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolan Bian
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ankang Lyu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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88
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Effect of Caffeine Consumption on the Risk for Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders: Sex Differences in Human. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12103080. [PMID: 33050315 PMCID: PMC7601837 DOI: 10.3390/nu12103080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Caffeine occurs naturally in various foods, such as coffee, tea, and cocoa, and it has been used safely as a mild stimulant for a long time. However, excessive caffeine consumption (1~1.5 g/day) can cause caffeine poisoning (caffeinism), which includes symptoms such as anxiety, agitation, insomnia, and gastrointestinal disorders. Recently, there has been increasing interest in the effect of caffeine consumption as a protective factor or risk factor for neurological and psychiatric disorders. Currently, the importance of personalized medicine is being emphasized, and research on sex/gender differences needs to be conducted. Our review focuses on the effect of caffeine consumption on several neurological and psychiatric disorders with respect to sex differences to provide a better understanding of caffeine use as a risk or protective factor for those disorders. The findings may help establish new strategies for developing sex-specific caffeine therapies.
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89
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Li Y, Xia X, Meng F, Zhang C. Association Between Physical Fitness and Anxiety in Children: A Moderated Mediation Model of Agility and Resilience. Front Public Health 2020; 8:468. [PMID: 32984252 PMCID: PMC7492542 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Anxiety is one of the most prevalent mental health problems in children. Although physical fitness as a predictor of mental health, the mechanisms underlying any association between physical fitness and anxiety in children have been understudied. Thus, the aim of the present study was to determine whether an association exists between physical fitness and anxiety and to explore the roles of agility and resilience in such an association. Methods: This cross-sectional study investigated 269 children aged 7 to 12 years from three public primary schools in Shanghai (China). Physical fitness and agility were objectively measured, and resilience and anxiety were assessed using self-reported questionnaires. The moderated mediation model was examined using the SPSS PROCESS macro, in which the moderator variable was agility, and the mediator variable was resilience. Results: Physical fitness was inversely associated with anxiety. Resilience partially and indirectly mediated this association, and agility moderated the association between physical fitness and resilience. Physical fitness had a greater impact on resilience in children with higher agility levels. Conclusions: Agility moderated the mediation of resilience on the indirect, inverse association between physical fitness and anxiety; thus, incorporating methods to develop agility and resilience may lead to better outcomes for physical fitness programs designed to prevent or alleviate anxiety in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yansong Li
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue Xia
- School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Fanying Meng
- Institute of Physical Education, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Chunhua Zhang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
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90
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Ramón-Arbués E, Gea-Caballero V, Granada-López JM, Juárez-Vela R, Pellicer-García B, Antón-Solanas I. The Prevalence of Depression, Anxiety and Stress and Their Associated Factors in College Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E7001. [PMID: 32987932 PMCID: PMC7579351 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17197001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM To estimate the prevalence of symptoms of depression, anxiety, stress and associated factors in a population of college students. METHOD Cross-sectional study of psychological distress measured through the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) in a sample of 1074 college students. RESULTS We found a moderate prevalence of depression (18.4%), anxiety (23.6%) and stress (34.5%) symptoms in our study population. Being <21, having problematic Internet use behavior, smoking, presenting insomnia and having a low self-esteem were independently associated with symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress. Being a woman, living with their family, having a stable partner, consuming alcohol frequently and having poor nutritional habits were significantly associated with symptoms of stress; lacking a stable partner was significantly associated with depressive symptoms; and frequent consumption of alcohol was significantly associated with symptoms of anxiety. CONCLUSION We found a moderate prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress symptoms in our population. Interventions aimed at promoting mental health among college students should be implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Ramón-Arbués
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Campus Universitario Villanueva de Gállego, Universidad San Jorge, 50830 Villanueva de Gállego, Zaragoza, Spain;
| | - Vicente Gea-Caballero
- Nursing School La Fe, Adscript Center of University of Valencia, 46026 Valencia, Spain
- Research Group GREIACC, Health Research Institute La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Raúl Juárez-Vela
- Faculty of Health Sciences, La Rioja University, 26006 Logroño, Spain;
| | - Begoña Pellicer-García
- Servicio Aragonés de Salud, Sector Alcañiz Atención Primaria, Centro de Salud Andorra Calle Huesca, 44500 Andorra, Spain;
| | - Isabel Antón-Solanas
- Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;
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91
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López-Bueno R, Calatayud J, Ezzatvar Y, Casajús JA, Smith L, Andersen LL, López-Sánchez GF. Association Between Current Physical Activity and Current Perceived Anxiety and Mood in the Initial Phase of COVID-19 Confinement. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:729. [PMID: 32793013 PMCID: PMC7390883 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared a world pandemic due to COVID-19, and several enacted measures such as compulsory confinement may have collateral consequences on both physical and mental health. We aimed to investigate associations between current physical activity (PA) and current perceived anxiety and mood among a sample of Spanish adults confined due to COVID-19 restrictions of movement. Using an online survey, we collected data on the Spanish adult population regarding health habits during the first days of enacted confinement. A total of 2250 participants (54.8% women) aged 35.3 (SD 13.6) completed the survey, which included questions about sociodemographic characteristics (i.e. age, gender, civil status, education, and occupation), health habits (i.e. prior PA, alcohol consumption, smoking, screen exposure, and sleep hours) and COVID-19 confinement context (i.e. number of isolation days, solitude, and exposure to COVID-19). Physical Activity Vital Sign (PAVS) short form was used to estimate weekly minutes of PA, whereas a single-item question was used to assess both current perceived anxiety and mood. We conducted weighted binomial logistic regressions to check associations between current adherence to WHO guidelines of PA and current perceived anxiety and mood of confined adults. Significant inverse associations between overall adherence to PA and current perceived anxiety in the final adjusted model (OR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.54-0.79) as well as in several subgroup analyses such as younger women were observed. In addition, a borderline significant inverse association was found between current PA and current perceived worse mood when fully adjusted (OR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.68-1.00); this association was significantly stronger in women than men. The results of the present study indicate that current PA adherence to WHO guidelines in the initial phase of COVID-19 confinement associates with both lower current perceived anxiety and lower current perceived worse mood among a sample of Spanish adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén López-Bueno
- Department of Physical Medicine and Nursing, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Musculoskeletal Disorders, National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Joaquín Calatayud
- Department of Musculoskeletal Disorders, National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Exercise Intervention for Health Research Group (EXINH-RG), Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Yasmin Ezzatvar
- Exercise Intervention for Health Research Group (EXINH-RG), Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - José A. Casajús
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Lee Smith
- Cambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise Science, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Lars L. Andersen
- Department of Musculoskeletal Disorders, National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
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92
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Romero-Pérez EM, González-Bernal JJ, Soto-Cámara R, González-Santos J, Tánori-Tapia JM, Rodríguez-Fernández P, Jiménez-Barrios M, Márquez S, de Paz JA. Influence of a Physical Exercise Program in the Anxiety and Depression in Children with Obesity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17134655. [PMID: 32605252 PMCID: PMC7369888 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17134655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: The high prevalence of childhood obesity and its multicausal etiology make it necessary to approach it through different strategies, whose objective is to promote the physical, mental, and social well-being of children. Regular physical activity, in addition to having positive effects on the physical environment of those who practice it, influences positively in psychological aspects such as anxiety and depression, which are very frequent in children with obesity and overweight. (2) Objective: To analyze the changes produced by a program of physical exercise based on anthropometric indicators and levels of anxiety and depression in a population of Mexican children with obesity. (3) Methods: A longitudinal study with experimental group (EG) and control group (CG). The analysis population consisted of 105 children with a body mass index (BMI) for their gender and age group above the 95th percentile, of which 60 were girls and 45 were boys, with a mean age of 10.02 years (SD ± 0.79). By randomizing the participants, 54 were part of the EG and 51 of the, CG The EG participated in a physical exercise program, distributed in two weekly sessions, each lasting 50 minutes, for 20 consecutive weeks. The CG group continued its usual activities during the intervention period. An inferential analysis was performed between the socio-demographic, anthropometric and psychological variables. (4) Results: The implementation of a physical exercise program in children with obesity favors the appearance of positive thoughts, with improvements in their emotional well-being, self-perception and self-concept; although it does not produce significant changes in weight, height, Z-Score, level of anxiety or depressive thoughts. (5) Discussion: Regular physical exercise practice has positive effects on mental health, although new studies are required to analyze specifically its influence on anxiety and depression in children with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jerónimo J González-Bernal
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain; (J.G.-S.); (P.R.-F.); (M.J.-B.)
- Correspondence: (J.J.G.-B.); (R.S.-C.); (J.M.T.-T.)
| | - Raúl Soto-Cámara
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain; (J.G.-S.); (P.R.-F.); (M.J.-B.)
- Correspondence: (J.J.G.-B.); (R.S.-C.); (J.M.T.-T.)
| | - Josefa González-Santos
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain; (J.G.-S.); (P.R.-F.); (M.J.-B.)
| | - José Manuel Tánori-Tapia
- Department of Sports and Physical Activity Sciences, University of Sonora, Sonora 83067, Mexico;
- Correspondence: (J.J.G.-B.); (R.S.-C.); (J.M.T.-T.)
| | - Paula Rodríguez-Fernández
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain; (J.G.-S.); (P.R.-F.); (M.J.-B.)
| | - María Jiménez-Barrios
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain; (J.G.-S.); (P.R.-F.); (M.J.-B.)
| | - Sara Márquez
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of León, 24071 León, Spain; (S.M.); (J.A.d.P.)
| | - José Antonio de Paz
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of León, 24071 León, Spain; (S.M.); (J.A.d.P.)
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93
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Gerber M, Imboden C, Beck J, Brand S, Colledge F, Eckert A, Holsboer-Trachsler E, Pühse U, Hatzinger M. Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Cortisol Stress Reactivity in Response to the Trier Social Stress Test in Inpatients with Major Depressive Disorders: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E1419. [PMID: 32403243 PMCID: PMC7291068 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9051419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical activity is associated with a favourable (blunted) cortisol stress reactivity in healthy people. However, evidence from experimental study and with psychiatric patients is missing. This study examines whether exercise training impacts on cortisol stress reactivity in inpatients with major depressive disorder (MDD). These new insights are important because the stress reactivity of healthy people and patients with severe symptoms of depression might differ. Methods: The study was designed as a randomized controlled trial (trial registration number: NCT02679053). In total, 25 patients (13 women, 12 men, mean age: 38.1 12.0 years) completed a laboratory stressor task before and after a six-week intervention period. Nine samples of salivary free cortisol were taken before and after the Trier social stress test (TSST). Fourteen participants took part in six weeks of aerobic exercise training, while 11 patients were allocated to the control condition. While the primary outcome of the study was depressive symptom severity, the focus of this paper is on one of the secondary outcomes (cortisol reactivity during the TSST). The impact of aerobic exercise training was examined with a repeated-measures analysis of variance. We also examined the association between change in depression and cortisol response via correlational analysis. Cortisol reactivity did not change from baseline to post-intervention, either in the intervention or the control group. Participation in six weeks of aerobic exercise training was not associated with participants' cortisol reactivity. Moreover, depressive symptom change was not associated with change in cortisol response. Aerobic exercise training was not associated with patients' stress reactivity in this study. Because many patients initially showed a relatively flat/blunted cortisol response curve, efforts might be needed to find out which treatments are most efficient to promote a normalization of HPA axis reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Gerber
- Sport Science Section, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, CH-4052 Basel, Switzerland; (S.B.); (F.C.); (U.P.)
| | - Christian Imboden
- Psychiatric Services Solothurn, 4503 Solothurn, Switzerland; (C.I.); (M.H.)
- Private Clinic Wyss, 3053 Muenchenbuchsee, Switzerland
| | | | - Serge Brand
- Sport Science Section, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, CH-4052 Basel, Switzerland; (S.B.); (F.C.); (U.P.)
- University Psychiatric Clinics (UPK), Center for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders, University of Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland;
- Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center and Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6715847141, Iran
| | - Flora Colledge
- Sport Science Section, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, CH-4052 Basel, Switzerland; (S.B.); (F.C.); (U.P.)
| | - Anne Eckert
- University Psychiatric Clinics (UPK), Neurobiology Laboratory for Brain Aging and Mental Health, University of Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland;
| | - Edith Holsboer-Trachsler
- University Psychiatric Clinics (UPK), Center for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders, University of Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland;
| | - Uwe Pühse
- Sport Science Section, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, CH-4052 Basel, Switzerland; (S.B.); (F.C.); (U.P.)
| | - Martin Hatzinger
- Psychiatric Services Solothurn, 4503 Solothurn, Switzerland; (C.I.); (M.H.)
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94
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Felez-Nobrega M, Bort-Roig J, Briones L, Sanchez-Niubo A, Koyanagi A, Puigoriol E, Puig-Ribera A. Self-reported and activPAL TM-monitored physical activity and sedentary behaviour in college students: Not all sitting behaviours are linked to perceived stress and anxiety. J Sports Sci 2020; 38:1566-1574. [PMID: 32279592 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2020.1748359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This study examined relationships between physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB) with state-trait anxiety and stress. State-Trait anxiety (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory), psychological stress (Perceived Stress Scale), SB across domains during weekdays and weekends (Last 7-day Sedentary Behaviour Questionnaire) and PA intensities (International Physical Activity Questionnaire) were assessed by self-report in 360 undergraduates (44% females, mean age 20.9 ± 2.93 years). A subsample (n = 121; 53.7% females; mean age 20.8 ± 2.6 years) wore an activPALTM to determine total SB, light, and moderate-to-vigorous intensity PA (MVPA). Self-reported MVPA was significantly associated with lower trait anxiety and perceived stress, whereas light PA was only associated with lower perceived stress. Weekend total self-reported SB was related to higher trait anxiety and perceived stress levels, while total SB during the week was not. Of all SB domains, only leisure SB (screen and non-screen based) was associated with higher trait anxiety and perceived stress. PA attenuated the negative relationships between excessive sitting time and trait anxiety but not perceived stress. No associations were found for monitor-based measures of PA and SB. No associations were found between PA or SB variables with state anxiety. Further research is needed to assess causal and reciprocal relationships between PA, SB and mental health in college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Felez-Nobrega
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu , Barcelona, Spain.,Sport and Physical Activity Research Group and Centre for Health and Social Care Research, Department of Physical Activity and Sports Sciences, University of Vic - Central University of Catalonia , Vic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Judit Bort-Roig
- Sport and Physical Activity Research Group and Centre for Health and Social Care Research, Department of Physical Activity and Sports Sciences, University of Vic - Central University of Catalonia , Vic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laia Briones
- Mental Health and Social Innovation Research Group and Centre for Health and Social Care Research, Department of Health Sciences, University of Vic - Central University of Catalonia , Vic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Sanchez-Niubo
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu , Barcelona, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Research on Mental Health (CIBERSAM) , Spain
| | - Ai Koyanagi
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu , Barcelona, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Research on Mental Health (CIBERSAM) , Spain.,ICREA, Pg ., Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emma Puigoriol
- Epidemiology Department, Hospital Universitari de Vic , Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Puig-Ribera
- Sport and Physical Activity Research Group and Centre for Health and Social Care Research, Department of Physical Activity and Sports Sciences, University of Vic - Central University of Catalonia , Vic, Barcelona, Spain
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95
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Kim SY, Oh KS, Shin DW, Lim WJ, Jeon SW, Kim EJ, Cho SJ, Shin YC. The association of physical activity and sleep duration with incident anxiety symptoms: A cohort study of 134,957 Korean adults. J Affect Disord 2020; 265:305-313. [PMID: 32090754 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.01.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maintaining adequate levels of sleep and physical activity (PA) as self-help for the prevention of new-onset anxiety symptoms is becoming more important. METHODS A cohort study was performed with 134,957 adults, free of anxiety symptoms at baseline who underwent at least two comprehensive health screening examinations between 2012 and 2017. At baseline, the amount of PA was measured using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form and sleep duration per day was assessed using a self-report questionnaire. The study's end point was new-onset anxiety symptoms, defined as a Beck Anxiety Inventory score of ≥19. RESULTS During 361,969 person-years of follow-up, 5086 participants developed case-level anxiety. Compared with a reference (0-600 METs-min/wk), a U-shaped relationship was observed between PA and case-level anxiety. The most beneficial levels of PA for reducing incident anxiety symptoms were higher in men than women (men: 1800-3000 METs-min/wk HR, 0.88 [95% CI, 0.78-0.81], 3000-6000 METs-min/wk HR, 0.81 [95% CI, 0.70-0.93]; women: 600-1,200 METs-min/wk HR, 0.86 [95% CI, 0.76-0.98]). In comparison with a reference (<6 h), the relationship between sleep duration and case-level anxiety also had a U-shaped pattern. The optimal sleep duration for decreasing the onset of case-level anxiety was 7-8 h, regardless of sex (men: HR, 0.75 [95% CI, 0.63-0.90]; women; HR, 0.61 [95% CI, 0.54-0.70]). LIMITATIONS PA, sleep duration, and anxiety symptoms were measured using self-report questionnaires. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study revealed the appropriate levels of PA and total sleep time for reducing incident anxiety symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Young Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Ewha Woman's University Seoul Hospital, Ewha Woman's University College of Medicine, 29 Saemunan-ro, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang-Seob Oh
- Department of Psychiatry, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Won Shin
- Department of Psychiatry, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Weon-Jeong Lim
- Department of Psychiatry, Ewha Woman's University Seoul Hospital, Ewha Woman's University College of Medicine, 29 Saemunan-ro, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Won Jeon
- Department of Psychiatry, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Workplace Mental Health Institute, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jin Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Workplace Mental Health Institute, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Joon Cho
- Department of Psychiatry, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Workplace Mental Health Institute, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Chul Shin
- Department of Psychiatry, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Workplace Mental Health Institute, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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96
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Gialluisi A, Bonaccio M, Di Castelnuovo A, Costanzo S, De Curtis A, Sarchiapone M, Cerletti C, Donati MB, de Gaetano G, Iacoviello L. Lifestyle and biological factors influence the relationship between mental health and low-grade inflammation. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 85:4-13. [PMID: 31055172 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Mental health modulates the risk of common chronic conditions. Although inflammation is thought to partly explain this link, its relation with mental health is still unclear and largely unexplored. We investigated three scales assessing psychological resilience (CD-RISC), depression symptoms (PHQ9-6) and mental wellbeing (SF36-MCS) in an Italian adult population cohort (Nmax = 16,952). This showed a slightly higher frequency of men, more educated and younger participants, compared to samples with incomplete questionnaires. We performed stepwise generalized linear models to test the association between each scale and INFLA-score, a composite blood-based inflammation index. At each step, a class of potential mediators was included in the model, namely health conditions, lifestyle factors, or both (full model). Full model analysis was also conducted on single blood markers involved in the inflammatory process. In the baseline model, we observed significant associations of PHQ9-6 (standardized β(SE) = 0.024(0.009), p = 8.9 × 10-3) and SF36-MCS (β(SE) = -0.021(0.008), p = 7 × 10-3) with INFLA-score. These associations survived adjustment for health conditions but not for lifestyle factors, which explained 81% and 17% of the association with PHQ9-6 and SF36-MCS. Significant associations (p < 4.2 × 10-3) after mediator adjustment were observed for single low-grade inflammation markers, including platelet distribution width (with PHQ9-6 and CD-RISC), granulocyte- and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratios, monocyte and lymphocyte fractions (with SF36-MCS). After imputation of missing data, we observed substantially consistent associations. These findings suggest that the relationship between mental health and low-grade inflammation is largely influenced by lifestyle. However, the associations with specific biomarkers related to inflammation are partly independent and might be explained by biological factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gialluisi
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Pozzilli, Italy.
| | - M Bonaccio
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Pozzilli, Italy
| | | | - S Costanzo
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - A De Curtis
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - M Sarchiapone
- Department of Medicine and Health Science, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy; National Institute of Migration and Poverty, Via San Gallicano, Roma, Italy; Medical University of Almaty, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - C Cerletti
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - M B Donati
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - G de Gaetano
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - L Iacoviello
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Pozzilli, Italy; Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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97
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Abstract
Anxiety disorders are a group of highly prevalent mental health conditions that can have a debilitating impact on daily functioning and well-being. They can co-occur with other mental health disorders, such as depression. People with anxiety disorders are also at an elevated risk of cardiovascular disease and premature mortality. Physical activity appears to be protective against anxiety disorders in clinical and nonclinical populations. Exercise, a subset of physical activity, has been shown to significantly reduce the symptoms of anxiety. The mechanisms through which exercise produces these effects are likely to involve a combination of biological and psychological factors. Physical activity may also be useful in reducing the symptoms of comorbid mental health conditions and the risk of physical health complications over time. Promoting physical activity could be a method of preventing or treating anxiety disorders with a wide range of benefits. However, further research will be necessary to address important gaps in the literature before these approaches can be fully implemented in mental health services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Kandola
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Brendon Stubbs
- Physiotherapy Department, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
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98
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Stanton R, Rosenbaum S, Rebar A, Happell B. Prevalence of Chronic Health Conditions in Australian Adults with Depression and/or Anxiety. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2019; 40:902-907. [PMID: 31283353 DOI: 10.1080/01612840.2019.1613701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The association between psychotic illness and poor physical health is now clearly articulated in the literature. By contrast the impact of depression and/or anxiety on physical health is considerably less understood, despite depression being the leading cause of disability worldwide and is associated with significantly higher prevalence of physical comorbidities than found in the general population. An Australia national cross-sectional population-based survey was conducted to ascertain the prevalence of chronic physical health conditions in persons with, and without depression and/or anxiety, allowing for demographic characteristics and lifestyle factors. The telephone-based survey was conducted using trained interviewers. Survey questions included those eliciting information about demographics, health status, and health behaviours. Independent t-tests and chi square tests showed demographic, health behaviours, and physical illness differed between those with and without depression and/or anxiety. Heart disease, high blood pressure, stroke, cancer, arthritis, chronic neck and/or back pain, and asthma were significantly higher in participants diagnosed with depression and/or anxiety. Binary logistic regression showed the strongest predictor of chronic illness was having a diagnosis of depression and/or anxiety. Depression and anxiety present major health problems impacting a considerable proportion of the population. A greater understanding of the associated physical health issues should provide impetus to broaden the physical health and mental illness research agenda to include these diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Stanton
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University , Rockhampton , Australia.,Appleton Institute, Central Queensland University , Adelaide , Australia
| | - Simon Rosenbaum
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales , Sydney , Australia.,Black Dog Institute , Sydney , Australia
| | - Amanda Rebar
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University , Rockhampton , Australia.,Appleton Institute, Central Queensland University , Adelaide , Australia
| | - Brenda Happell
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University , Rockhampton , Australia.,School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Newcastle , Newcastle , Australia
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99
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The evidence for physical activity in the management of major mental illnesses: a concise overview to inform busy clinicians' practice and guide policy. Curr Opin Psychiatry 2019; 32:375-380. [PMID: 31145143 DOI: 10.1097/yco.0000000000000526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Physical activity has established the efficacy in improving physical health, mental health and cognition in the general population. Recent research has examined its potential as a preventive measure and/or adjunctive treatment for various mental health conditions. This review summarizes the recent evidence for physical activity in the management of major mental illnesses. RECENT FINDINGS Emerging evidence suggests that physical activity may confer protection against depression and anxiety/stress disorders. There is robust evidence that structured and supervised physical activity, including aerobic and resistance training, can improve multiple outcomes in major depression, pre/postnatal depression, anxiety/stress disorders and schizophrenia. Emerging evidence suggests a potential role for physical activity in bipolar disorder and alcohol use disorders. SUMMARY The quantity and quality of evidence regarding the efficacy of physical activity for mental illnesses is increasing. Given the established and further potential benefits and low adverse risk profile, physical activity should be offered as an adjunctive part of core mental health treatment. However, there is a need for high-quality multisite randomized controlled trials that can be replicated in routine care in mental health services. Future population-level trials are needed to examine the potential use of physical activity in those at risk of mental health conditions to see if physical activity can prevent the development of mental disorders.
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100
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Enhanced Molecular Appreciation of Psychiatric Disorders Through High-Dimensionality Data Acquisition and Analytics. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 2011:671-723. [PMID: 31273728 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9554-7_39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The initial diagnosis, molecular investigation, treatment, and posttreatment care of major psychiatric disorders (schizophrenia and bipolar depression) are all still significantly hindered by the current inability to define these disorders in an explicit molecular signaling manner. High-dimensionality data analytics, using large datastreams from transcriptomic, proteomic, or metabolomic investigations, will likely advance both the appreciation of the molecular nature of major psychiatric disorders and simultaneously enhance our ability to more efficiently diagnose and treat these debilitating conditions. High-dimensionality data analysis in psychiatric research has been heterogeneous in aims and methods and limited by insufficient sample sizes, poorly defined case definitions, methodological inhomogeneity, and confounding results. All of these issues combine to constrain the conclusions that can be extracted from them. Here, we discuss possibilities for overcoming methodological challenges through the implementation of transcriptomic, proteomic, or metabolomics signatures in psychiatric diagnosis and offer an outlook for future investigations. To fulfill the promise of intelligent high-dimensionality data-based differential diagnosis in mental disease diagnosis and treatment, future research will need large, well-defined cohorts in combination with state-of-the-art technologies.
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