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Santos CAF, Amirato GR, Paixão V, Almeida EB, Do Amaral JB, Monteiro FR, Roseira T, Juliano Y, Novo NF, Rossi M, Alvares-Saraiva AM, Vieira RDP, Bachi ALL, Jacinto AF. Association among inflammaging, body composition, physical activity, and physical function tests in physically active women. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1206989. [PMID: 37534321 PMCID: PMC10390738 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1206989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammaging is a phenomenon that has been associated with the development and progression of sarcopenia and frailty syndrome. According to the literature, on the one side, the increase in body fat is associated with a systemic pro-inflammatory status, which consequently favors inflammaging, and on the other side, the regular practice of physical exercise can mitigate the development of this scenario. Therefore, here, we aimed to evaluate the association between inflammaging and physical factors, both body and functional, in a group of physically active older women. Methods Seventy older women (mean age 72.66 ± 6.17 years) participated in this observational cross-sectional and were separated into the eutrophic, overweight, and obese groups. It was assessed: by bioimpedance-body fat percentage (Fat%) and total (Fat kg), skeletal muscle mass (muscle), and free fat mass both in percentage (FFM%) and total (FFMkg); by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ)-the time of moderate-intensity physical activity per week; by physical tests-handgrip (HG), sit-up-stand-on-the-chair in 5 repetitions (Sit-up) and vertical squat jump test (SJ); in addition to the determination of serum cytokine concentration (IL-6, TNF-α, IL-10, and IL-8), and also body mass index (BMI) and calf circumference (Calf). Results Higher FFM% and lower body fat (both kg and %) were found in the eutrophic group than in the other groups. The eutrophic group also performed more weekly physical activity, jumped higher, and presented not only higher serum IL-6 concentration but also an increased ratio of IL-10/IL-6, IL-10/TNF-α, IL-10/IL-8 as compared to the values found in the overweight group. The obese group presented higher body fat (kg and %) and lower FFM% than the other groups and also higher serum IL-6 concentration than the overweight group. Interestingly, several significant negative and positive correlations between body composition, physical tests, and serum cytokine concentrations were found in the eutrophic and obese groups. Conclusion While the eutrophic older women group showed a remarkable regulation of the systemic inflammatory status with positive associations in the physical parameters assessed, the overweight and obese groups presented impairment regulations of the inflammaging, which could be related to less weekly physical activity and higher body fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Andre Freitas Santos
- Discipline of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Gislene Rocha Amirato
- Mane Garrincha Sport Education Center, Sports Department of the Municipality of São Paulo (SEME), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vitoria Paixão
- 4ENT Research Lab, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ewin Barbosa Almeida
- 4ENT Research Lab, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jônatas Bussador Do Amaral
- 4ENT Research Lab, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Rodrigues Monteiro
- Post-graduation Program in Health Sciences, Santo Amaro University (UNISA), São Paulo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Tamaris Roseira
- Post-graduation Program in Health Sciences, Santo Amaro University (UNISA), São Paulo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Yara Juliano
- Post-graduation Program in Health Sciences, Santo Amaro University (UNISA), São Paulo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Neil Ferreira Novo
- Post-graduation Program in Health Sciences, Santo Amaro University (UNISA), São Paulo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Rossi
- Post-graduation Program in Health Sciences, Santo Amaro University (UNISA), São Paulo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Rodolfo de Paula Vieira
- Post-graduate Program in Human Movement and Rehabilitation and in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Evangélica de Goiás—Unievangelica, Anapolis, Brazil
| | - Andre Luis Lacerda Bachi
- Post-graduation Program in Health Sciences, Santo Amaro University (UNISA), São Paulo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Ferrari Jacinto
- Postgraduate Program in Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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52
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Pojero F, Gervasi F, Fiore SD, Aiello A, Bonacci S, Caldarella R, Attanzio A, Candore G, Caruso C, Ligotti ME, Procopio A, Restivo I, Tesoriere L, Allegra M, Accardi G. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Nutritionally Relevant Concentrations of Oleuropein and Hydroxytyrosol on Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells: An Age-Related Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11029. [PMID: 37446206 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunosenescence and inflammaging facilitate the insurgence of chronic diseases. The Mediterranean diet is a non-invasive intervention to improve the chronic low-grade inflammatory status associated with aging. Olive oil oleuropein (OLE) and hydroxytyrosol (HT) demonstrated a controversial modulatory action on inflammation in vitro when tested at concentrations exceeding those detectable in human plasma. We studied the potential anti-inflammatory effects of OLE and HT at nutritionally relevant concentrations on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) as regards cell viability, frequency of leukocyte subsets, and cytokine release, performing an age-focused analysis on two groups of subjects: Adult (age 18-64 years) and Senior (age ≥ 65 years). OLE and HT were used alone or as a pre-treatment before challenging PBMCs with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Both polyphenols had no effect on cell viability irrespective of LPS, but 5 µM HT had an LPS-like effect on monocytes, reducing the intermediate subset in Adult subjects. OLE and HT had no effect on LPS-triggered release of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8, but 5 µM HT reduced IL-10 secretion by PBMCs from Adult vs. Senior group. In summary, nutritionally relevant concentrations of OLE and HT elicit no anti-inflammatory effect and influence the frequency of immune cell subsets with age-related different outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Pojero
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Technologies, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Gervasi
- Specialistic Oncology Laboratory Unit, ARNAS Hospitals Civico Di Cristina e Benfratelli, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Salvatore Davide Fiore
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Aiello
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Technologies, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Sonia Bonacci
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rosalia Caldarella
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, "P. Giaccone" University Hospital, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandro Attanzio
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Candore
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Technologies, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Calogero Caruso
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Technologies, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Mattia Emanuela Ligotti
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Technologies, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Procopio
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Ignazio Restivo
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Luisa Tesoriere
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Mario Allegra
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giulia Accardi
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Technologies, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
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53
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Witham MD, Granic A, Miwa S, Passos JF, Richardson GD, Sayer AA. New Horizons in cellular senescence for clinicians. Age Ageing 2023; 52:afad127. [PMID: 37466640 PMCID: PMC10355181 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afad127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence has emerged as a fundamental biological mechanism underpinning the ageing process and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of an increasing number of age-related conditions. Cellular senescence is a cell fate originally defined as an irreversible loss of replicative potential although it is now clear that it can be induced by a variety of mechanisms independent of replication and telomere attrition. The drivers include a persistent DNA damage response causing multiple alterations in cellular function. Senescent cells secrete a range of mediators that drive chronic inflammation and can convert other cells to the senescent state-the senescence-associated secretory phenotype. Much research to date has been conducted in animal models, but it is now clear that senescent cells accompany ageing in humans and their presence is an important driver of disease across systems. Proof-of-concept work suggests that preventing or reversing senescence may be a viable strategy to counteract human ageing and age-related disease. Possible interventions include exercise, nutrition and senolytics/senostatic drugs although there are a number of potential limitations to the use of senotherapeutics. These interventions are generally tested for single-organ conditions, but the real power of this approach is the potential to tackle multiple age-related conditions. The litmus test for this exciting new class of therapies, however, will be whether they can improve healthy life expectancy rather than merely extending lifespan. The outcomes measured in clinical studies need to reflect these aims if senotherapeutics are to gain the trust of clinicians, patients and the public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miles D Witham
- AGE Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cumbria, Northumberland, Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation Trust and Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Antoneta Granic
- AGE Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cumbria, Northumberland, Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation Trust and Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Satomi Miwa
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Joao F Passos
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering and Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Gavin D Richardson
- Vascular Medicine and Biology Theme, Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Avan A Sayer
- AGE Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cumbria, Northumberland, Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation Trust and Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
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54
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Duggal NA, Henson SM, Turner JE. Editorial: Inflammation, aging, and disease: new perspectives and interventions. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2023; 4:1228756. [PMID: 37434740 PMCID: PMC10332152 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2023.1228756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Niharika Arora Duggal
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Sian M. Henson
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - James E. Turner
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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55
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Talla A, Vasaikar SV, Szeto GL, Lemos MP, Czartoski JL, MacMillan H, Moodie Z, Cohen KW, Fleming LB, Thomson Z, Okada L, Becker LA, Coffey EM, De Rosa SC, Newell EW, Skene PJ, Li X, Bumol TF, Juliana McElrath M, Torgerson TR. Persistent serum protein signatures define an inflammatory subcategory of long COVID. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3417. [PMID: 37296110 PMCID: PMC10252177 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38682-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Long COVID or post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC) is a clinical syndrome featuring diverse symptoms that can persist for months following acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. The aetiologies may include persistent inflammation, unresolved tissue damage or delayed clearance of viral protein or RNA, but the biological differences they represent are not fully understood. Here we evaluate the serum proteome in samples, longitudinally collected from 55 PASC individuals with symptoms lasting ≥60 days after onset of acute infection, in comparison to samples from symptomatically recovered SARS-CoV-2 infected and uninfected individuals. Our analysis indicates heterogeneity in PASC and identified subsets with distinct signatures of persistent inflammation. Type II interferon signaling and canonical NF-κB signaling (particularly associated with TNF), appear to be the most differentially enriched signaling pathways, distinguishing a group of patients characterized also by a persistent neutrophil activation signature. These findings help to clarify biological diversity within PASC, identify participants with molecular evidence of persistent inflammation, and highlight dominant pathways that may have diagnostic or therapeutic relevance, including a protein panel that we propose as having diagnostic utility for differentiating inflammatory and non-inflammatory PASC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarthi Talla
- Allen Institute for Immunology, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Suhas V Vasaikar
- Allen Institute for Immunology, Seattle, WA, USA
- Seagen, Bothell, WA, USA
| | - Gregory Lee Szeto
- Allen Institute for Immunology, Seattle, WA, USA
- Seagen, Bothell, WA, USA
| | - Maria P Lemos
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Julie L Czartoski
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Hugh MacMillan
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Zoe Moodie
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kristen W Cohen
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Moderna, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Lamar B Fleming
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Lauren Okada
- Allen Institute for Immunology, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Stephen C De Rosa
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Evan W Newell
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Xiaojun Li
- Allen Institute for Immunology, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - M Juliana McElrath
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
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56
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Saavedra D, Añé-Kourí AL, Barzilai N, Caruso C, Cho KH, Fontana L, Franceschi C, Frasca D, Ledón N, Niedernhofer LJ, Pereira K, Robbins PD, Silva A, Suarez GM, Berghe WV, von Zglinicki T, Pawelec G, Lage A. Aging and chronic inflammation: highlights from a multidisciplinary workshop. Immun Ageing 2023; 20:25. [PMID: 37291596 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-023-00352-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a gradual, continuous series of natural changes in biological, physiological, immunological, environmental, psychological, behavioral, and social processes. Aging entails changes in the immune system characterized by a decrease in thymic output of naïve lymphocytes, an accumulated chronic antigenic stress notably caused by chronic infections such as cytomegalovirus (CMV), and immune cell senescence with acquisition of an inflammatory senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). For this reason, and due to the SASP originating from other tissues, aging is commonly accompanied by low-grade chronic inflammation, termed "inflammaging". After decades of accumulating evidence regarding age-related processes and chronic inflammation, the domain now appears mature enough to allow an integrative reinterpretation of old data. Here, we provide an overview of the topics discussed in a recent workshop "Aging and Chronic Inflammation" to which many of the major players in the field contributed. We highlight advances in systematic measurement and interpretation of biological markers of aging, as well as their implications for human health and longevity and the interventions that can be envisaged to maintain or improve immune function in older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danay Saavedra
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Center of Molecular Immunology, 216 St, Corner 15, PO Box 16040, Atabey, Havana, Cuba.
| | - Ana Laura Añé-Kourí
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Center of Molecular Immunology, 216 St, Corner 15, PO Box 16040, Atabey, Havana, Cuba
| | - Nir Barzilai
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, United States
| | - Calogero Caruso
- Laboratorio di Immunopatologia e Immunosenescenza, Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Neuroscienze e Diagnostica Avanzata, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Kyung-Hyun Cho
- LipoLab, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
- Raydel Research Institute, Medical Innovation Complex, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Luigi Fontana
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
| | - Daniela Frasca
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Nuris Ledón
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Center of Molecular Immunology, 216 St, Corner 15, PO Box 16040, Atabey, Havana, Cuba
| | | | - Karla Pereira
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Center of Molecular Immunology, 216 St, Corner 15, PO Box 16040, Atabey, Havana, Cuba
| | - Paul D Robbins
- University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Alexa Silva
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Center of Molecular Immunology, 216 St, Corner 15, PO Box 16040, Atabey, Havana, Cuba
| | - Gisela M Suarez
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Center of Molecular Immunology, 216 St, Corner 15, PO Box 16040, Atabey, Havana, Cuba
| | - Wim Vanden Berghe
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry, Proteomics and Epigenetic Signalling (PPES), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, 2610, Belgium
- Integrated Personalized & Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, 2610, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, 2610, Belgium
| | - Thomas von Zglinicki
- Ageing Biology Laboratories, Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Graham Pawelec
- Department of Immunology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Agustín Lage
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Center of Molecular Immunology, 216 St, Corner 15, PO Box 16040, Atabey, Havana, Cuba
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Kaszubowska L, Foerster J, Kaczor JJ, Karnia MJ, Kmieć Z. Anti-Inflammatory Klotho Protein Serum Concentration Correlates with Interferon Gamma Expression Related to the Cellular Activity of Both NKT-like and T Cells in the Process of Human Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098393. [PMID: 37176100 PMCID: PMC10179552 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Klotho is a beta-glucuronidase that reveals both anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties that have been associated with mechanisms of aging. The study aimed to analyze the relationships between the serum concentration of soluble α-Klotho and cellular activity of two populations of lymphocytes; T and NKT-like cells corresponding to the level of cytokine secretion; i.e., IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-6. The studied population comprised three age groups: young individuals ('young'), seniors aged under 85 ('old'), and seniors aged over 85 ('oldest'). Both NKT-like and T cells were either non-cultured or cultured for 48 h and stimulated appropriately with IL-2, LPS or PMA with ionomycin to compare with unstimulated control cells. In all studied age groups non-cultured or cultured NKT-like cells revealed higher expressions of TNF-α, IL-6, and IFN-γ than T cells. α-Klotho concentration in serum decreased significantly in the process of aging. Intriguingly, only IFN-γ expression revealed a positive correlation with α-Klotho protein serum concentration in both non-cultured and cultured T and NKT-like cells. Since IFN-γ is engaged in the maintenance of immune homeostasis, the observed relationships may indicate the involvement of α-Klotho and cellular IFN-γ expression in the network of adaptive mechanisms developed during the process of human aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucyna Kaszubowska
- Department of Histology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 1, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jerzy Foerster
- Department of Social and Clinical Gerontology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 1, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jan Jacek Kaczor
- Department of Animal and Human Physiology, University of Gdańsk, J. Bażyńskiego 8 Street, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Mateusz Jakub Karnia
- Department of Animal and Human Physiology, University of Gdańsk, J. Bażyńskiego 8 Street, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Kmieć
- Department of Histology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 1, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland
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Verschoor CP, Vlasschaert C, Rauh MJ, Paré G. A DNA methylation based measure outperforms circulating CRP as a marker of chronic inflammation and partly reflects the monocytic response to long-term inflammatory exposure: A Canadian longitudinal study of aging analysis. Aging Cell 2023:e13863. [PMID: 37139638 PMCID: PMC10352553 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A key hallmark in the age-related dysfunction of physiological systems is disruption related to the regulation of inflammation, often resulting in a chronic, low-grade inflammatory state (i.e., inflammaging). In order to understand the causes of overall system decline, methods to quantify the life-long exposure or damage related to chronic inflammation are critical. Here, we characterize a comprehensive epigenetic inflammation score (EIS) based on DNA methylation loci (CpGs) that are associated with circulating levels of C-reactive protein (CRP). In a cohort of 1446 older adults, we show that associations to age and health-related traits such as smoking history, chronic conditions, and established measures of accelerated aging were stronger for EIS than CRP, while the risk of longitudinal outcomes such as outpatient or inpatient visits and increased frailty were relatively similar. To determine whether variation in EIS actually reflects the cellular response to chronic inflammation we exposed THP1 myelo-monocytic cells to low levels of inflammatory mediators for 14 days, finding that EIS increased in response to both CRP (p = 0.011) and TNF (p = 0.068). Interestingly, a refined version of EIS based only on those CpGs that changed in vitro was more strongly associated with many of the aforementioned traits as compared to EIS. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that EIS outperforms circulating CRP with regard to its association to health-traits that are synonymous with chronic inflammation and accelerated aging, and substantiates its potential role as a clinically relevant tool for stratifying patient risk of adverse outcomes prior to treatment or following illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris P Verschoor
- Health Sciences North Research Institute, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
- Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Michael J Rauh
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Guillaume Paré
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Langworth-Green C, Patel S, Jaunmuktane Z, Jabbari E, Morris H, Thom M, Lees A, Hardy J, Zandi M, Duff K. Chronic effects of inflammation on tauopathies. Lancet Neurol 2023; 22:430-442. [PMID: 37059510 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(23)00038-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Tauopathies are a heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative disorders that are characterised by the aggregation of the microtubule-associated protein tau into filamentous inclusions within neurons and glia. Alzheimer's disease is the most prevalent tauopathy. Despite years of intense research efforts, developing disease-modifying interventions for these disorders has been very challenging. The detrimental role that chronic inflammation plays in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease is increasingly recognised; however, it is largely ascribed to the accumulation of amyloid β, leaving the effect of chronic inflammation on tau pathology and neurofibrillary tangle-related pathways greatly overlooked. Tau pathology can independently arise secondary to a range of triggers that are each associated with inflammatory processes, including infection, repetitive mild traumatic brain injury, seizure activity, and autoimmune disease. A greater understanding of the chronic effects of inflammation on the development and progression of tauopathies could help forge a path for the establishment of effective immunomodulatory disease-modifying interventions for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saisha Patel
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Zane Jaunmuktane
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, University College London, London, UK; Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, University College London, London, UK; Division of Neuropathology, University College London, London, UK; National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Edwin Jabbari
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, University College London, London, UK; National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK; Department of Neurology, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - Huw Morris
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, University College London, London, UK; National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK; Department of Neurology, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - Maria Thom
- Division of Neuropathology, University College London, London, UK; Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, University College London, London, UK
| | - Andrew Lees
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, University College London, London, UK; Reta Lila Weston Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - John Hardy
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, UK; Reta Lila Weston Institute, University College London, London, UK; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, University College London, London, UK
| | - Michael Zandi
- Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Karen Duff
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, UK.
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Ostrand-Rosenberg S, Lamb TJ, Pawelec G. Here, There, and Everywhere: Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in Immunology. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 210:1183-1197. [PMID: 37068300 PMCID: PMC10111205 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) were initially identified in humans and mice with cancer where they profoundly suppress T cell- and NK cell-mediated antitumor immunity. Inflammation is a central feature of many pathologies and normal physiological conditions and is the dominant driving force for the accumulation and function of MDSCs. Therefore, MDSCs are present in conditions where inflammation is present. Although MDSCs are detrimental in cancer and conditions where cellular immunity is desirable, they are beneficial in settings where cellular immunity is hyperactive. Because MDSCs can be generated ex vivo, they are being exploited as therapeutic agents to reduce damaging cellular immunity. In this review, we discuss the detrimental and beneficial roles of MDSCs in disease settings such as bacterial, viral, and parasitic infections, sepsis, obesity, trauma, stress, autoimmunity, transplantation and graft-versus-host disease, and normal physiological settings, including pregnancy and neonates as well as aging. The impact of MDSCs on vaccination is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Ostrand-Rosenberg
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah 84112, Salt Lake City, UT
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Tracey J. Lamb
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah 84112, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Graham Pawelec
- Department of Immunology, Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany, and Health Sciences North Research Institute, Sudbury, ON, Canada
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61
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Papa V, Li Pomi F, Borgia F, Vaccaro M, Pioggia G, Gangemi S. Immunosenescence and Skin: A State of Art of Its Etiopathogenetic Role and Crucial Watershed for Systemic Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097956. [PMID: 37175661 PMCID: PMC10178319 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunosenescence is a complex multifactorial phenomenon consisting of wide-ranging remodeling of the immune system during the life span, resulting in an age-related qualitative-quantitative decline of immune cells and cytokines. A growing body of evidence in the international literature is highlighting the etiopathogenetic role of skin immunosenescence in the onset of various dermatologic conditions. Skin immunosenescence also serves as an interesting watershed for the onset of system-wide conditions in the context of allergic inflammation. Moreover, in recent years, an increasingly emerging and fascinating etiopathogenetic parallelism has been observed between some mechanisms of immunosenescence, both at cutaneous and systemic sites. This would help to explain the occurrence of apparently unconnected comorbidities. Throughout our review, we aim to shed light on emerging immunosenescent mechanisms shared between dermatologic disorders and other organ-specific diseases in the context of a more extensive discussion on the etiopathogenetic role of skin immunosenescence. A promising future perspective would be to focus on better understanding the mutual influence between skin and host immunity, as well as the influence of high inter-individual variability on immunosenescence/inflammaging. This can lead to a more comprehensive "immunobiographic" definition of each individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Papa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Federica Li Pomi
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Borgia
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Mario Vaccaro
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanni Pioggia
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 98164 Messina, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
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62
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Kheradmand F, Zhang Y, Corry DB. Contribution of adaptive immunity to human COPD and experimental models of emphysema. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:1059-1093. [PMID: 36201635 PMCID: PMC9886356 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00036.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and the undisputed role of innate immune cells in this condition have dominated the field in the basic research arena for many years. Recently, however, compelling data suggesting that adaptive immune cells may also contribute to the progressive nature of lung destruction associated with COPD in smokers have gained considerable attention. The histopathological changes in the lungs of smokers can be limited to the large or small airways, but alveolar loss leading to emphysema, which occurs in some individuals, remains its most significant and irreversible outcome. Critically, however, the question of why emphysema progresses in a subset of former smokers remained a mystery for many years. The recognition of activated and organized tertiary T- and B-lymphoid aggregates in emphysematous lungs provided the first clue that adaptive immune cells may play a crucial role in COPD pathophysiology. Based on these findings from human translational studies, experimental animal models of emphysema were used to determine the mechanisms through which smoke exposure initiates and orchestrates adaptive autoreactive inflammation in the lungs. These models have revealed that T helper (Th)1 and Th17 subsets promote a positive feedback loop that activates innate immune cells, confirming their role in emphysema pathogenesis. Results from genetic studies and immune-based discoveries have further provided strong evidence for autoimmunity induction in smokers with emphysema. These new findings offer a novel opportunity to explore the mechanisms underlying the inflammatory landscape in the COPD lung and offer insights for development of precision-based treatment to halt lung destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farrah Kheradmand
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Biology of Inflammation Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases (CTRID), Michael E. DeBakey Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - David B Corry
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Biology of Inflammation Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases (CTRID), Michael E. DeBakey Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas
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63
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Salazar AM, Aparicio R, Clark RI, Rera M, Walker DW. Intestinal barrier dysfunction: an evolutionarily conserved hallmark of aging. Dis Model Mech 2023; 16:dmm049969. [PMID: 37144684 PMCID: PMC10184675 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A major challenge in the biology of aging is to understand how specific age-onset pathologies relate to the overall health of the organism. The integrity of the intestinal epithelium is essential for the wellbeing of the organism throughout life. In recent years, intestinal barrier dysfunction has emerged as an evolutionarily conserved feature of aged organisms, as reported in worms, flies, fish, rodents and primates. Moreover, age-onset intestinal barrier dysfunction has been linked to microbial alterations, elevated immune responses, metabolic alterations, systemic health decline and mortality. Here, we provide an overview of these findings. We discuss early work in the Drosophila model that sets the stage for examining the relationship between intestinal barrier integrity and systemic aging, then delve into research in other organisms. An emerging concept, supported by studies in both Drosophila and mice, is that directly targeting intestinal barrier integrity is sufficient to promote longevity. A better understanding of the causes and consequences of age-onset intestinal barrier dysfunction has significant relevance to the development of interventions to promote healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M. Salazar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Chemistry, Christopher Newport University, Newport News, VA 23606, USA
| | - Ricardo Aparicio
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Rebecca I. Clark
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Michael Rera
- Université de Paris, Inserm U1284, Center for Research and Interdisciplinarity, Paris 75004, France
| | - David W. Walker
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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64
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Motta F, Barone E, Sica A, Selmi C. Inflammaging and Osteoarthritis. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2023; 64:222-238. [PMID: 35716253 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-022-08941-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is a highly prevalent disease particularly in subjects over 65 years of age worldwide. While in the past it was considered a mere consequence of cartilage degradation leading to anatomical and functional joint impairment, in recent decades, there has been a more dynamic view with the synovium, the cartilage, and the subchondral bone producing inflammatory mediators which ultimately lead to cartilage damage. Inflammaging is defined as a chronic, sterile, low-grade inflammation state driven by endogenous signals in the absence of infections, occurring with aging. This chronic status is linked to the production of reactive oxygen species and molecules involved in the development of age-related disease such as cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Inflammaging contributes to osteoarthritis development where both the innate and the adaptive immune response are involved. Elevated systemic and local inflammatory cytokines and senescent molecules promote cartilage degradation, and antigens derived from damaged joints further trigger inflammation through inflammasome activation. B and T lymphocyte populations also change with inflammaging and OA, with reduced regulatory functions, thus implicating self-reactivity as an additional mechanism of joint damage. The discovery of the underlying pathogenic pathways may help to identify potential therapeutic targets for the management or the prevention of osteoarthritis. We will provide a comprehensive evaluation of the current literature on the role of inflammaging in osteoarthritis and discuss the emerging therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Motta
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, via Rita Levi Montalcini, 20090, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Barone
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, via Rita Levi Montalcini, 20090, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Sica
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Largo Donegani 2, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Carlo Selmi
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy. .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, via Rita Levi Montalcini, 20090, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy.
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65
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Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Flavonoids in Common Neurological Disorders Associated with Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054297. [PMID: 36901731 PMCID: PMC10001833 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging reduces homeostasis and contributes to increasing the risk of brain diseases and death. Some of the principal characteristics are chronic and low-grade inflammation, a general increase in the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, and inflammatory markers. Aging-related diseases include focal ischemic stroke and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Flavonoids are the most common class of polyphenols and are abundantly found in plant-based foods and beverages. A small group of individual flavonoid molecules (e.g., quercetin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, and myricetin) has been used to explore the anti-inflammatory effect in vitro studies and in animal models of focal ischemic stroke and AD and PD, and the results show that these molecules reduce the activated neuroglia and several proinflammatory cytokines, and also, inactivate inflammation and inflammasome-related transcription factors. However, the evidence from human studies has been limited. In this review article, we highlight the evidence that individual natural molecules can modulate neuroinflammation in diverse studies from in vitro to animal models to clinical studies of focal ischemic stroke and AD and PD, and we discuss future areas of research that can help researchers to develop new therapeutic agents.
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66
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Extracellular Vesicles in Aging: An Emerging Hallmark? Cells 2023; 12:cells12040527. [PMID: 36831194 PMCID: PMC9954704 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-enclosed particles secreted by cells and circulating in body fluids. Initially considered as a tool to dispose of unnecessary material, they are now considered an additional method to transmit cell signals. Aging is characterized by a progressive impairment of the physiological functions of tissues and organs. The causes of aging are complex and interconnected, but there is consensus that genomic instability, telomere erosion, epigenetic alteration, and defective proteostasis are primary hallmarks of the aging process. Recent studies have provided evidence that many of these primary stresses are associated with an increased release of EVs in cell models, able to spread senescence signals in the recipient cell. Additional investigations on the role of EVs during aging also demonstrated the great potential of EVs for the modulation of age-related phenotypes and for pro-rejuvenation therapies, potentially beneficial for many diseases associated with aging. Here we reviewed the current literature on EV secretion in senescent cell models and in old vs. young individual body fluids, as well as recent studies addressing the potential of EVs from different sources as an anti-aging tool. Although this is a recent field, the robust consensus on the altered EV release in aging suggests that altered EV secretion could be considered an emerging hallmark of aging.
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67
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Cummings J, Leisgang Osse AM, Kinney J. Geroscience and Alzheimer's Disease Drug Development. J Prev Alzheimers Dis 2023; 10:620-632. [PMID: 37874083 PMCID: PMC10720397 DOI: 10.14283/jpad.2023.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Age is the most important risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). The acceptable age range for participation in AD clinical trials is 50 to 90, and this 40-year span incorporates enormous age-related change. Clinical trial participants tend to be younger and healthier than the general population. They are also younger than the general population of AD patients. Drug development from a geroscience perspective would take greater account of effects of aging on clinical trial outcomes. The AD clinical trial pipeline has diversified beyond the canonical targets of amyloid beta protein and tau. Many of these interventions apply to age-related disorders. Anti-inflammatory agents and bioenergetic and metabolic therapies are among the well represented classes in the pipeline and are applicable to AD and non-AD age-related conditions. Drug development strategies can be adjusted to better inform outcomes of trials regarding aged individuals. Inclusion of older individuals in the multiple ascending dose trials of Phase 1, use of geriatric-related clinical outcomes and biomarkers in Phase 2, and extension of these Phase 2 learnings to Phase 3 will result in a more comprehensive understanding of AD therapies and their relationship to aging. Clinical trials can employ a more comprehensive geriatric assessment approach and biomarkers more relevant to aging at baseline and as exploratory outcomes. Greater attention to the role of aging and its influence in AD clinical trials can result in better understanding of the generalizability of clinical trial findings to the older AD population.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Cummings
- Jeffrey Cummings, 1380 Opal valley street, Henderson, Nevada 89052, USA,
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68
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Kern F, Kuhn T, Ludwig N, Simon M, Gröger L, Fabis N, Aparicio-Puerta E, Salhab A, Fehlmann T, Hahn O, Engel A, Wagner V, Koch M, Winek K, Soreq H, Nazarenko I, Fuhrmann G, Wyss-Coray T, Meese E, Keller V, Laschke MW, Keller A. Ageing-associated small RNA cargo of extracellular vesicles. RNA Biol 2023; 20:482-494. [PMID: 37498213 PMCID: PMC10376918 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2023.2234713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous work on murine models and humans demonstrated global as well as tissue-specific molecular ageing trajectories of RNAs. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane vesicles mediating the horizontal transfer of genetic information between different tissues. We sequenced small regulatory RNAs (sncRNAs) in two mouse plasma fractions at five time points across the lifespan from 2-18 months: (1) sncRNAs that are free-circulating (fc-RNA) and (2) sncRNAs bound outside or inside EVs (EV-RNA). Different sncRNA classes exhibit unique ageing patterns that vary between the fcRNA and EV-RNA fractions. While tRNAs showed the highest correlation with ageing in both fractions, rRNAs exhibited inverse correlation trajectories between the EV- and fc-fractions. For miRNAs, the EV-RNA fraction was exceptionally strongly associated with ageing, especially the miR-29 family in adipose tissues. Sequencing of sncRNAs and coding genes in fat tissue of an independent cohort of aged mice up to 27 months highlighted the pivotal role of miR-29a-3p and miR-29b-3p in ageing-related gene regulation that we validated in a third cohort by RT-qPCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Kern
- Chair for Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland Informatics Campus, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Department for Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Thomas Kuhn
- Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Biogenic Nanotherapeutics Group (BION), Saarbrücken, Germany
- Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Nicole Ludwig
- Department of Human Genetics, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
- Center for Human and Molecular Biology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Martin Simon
- Molecular Cell Biology and Microbiology, Wuppertal University, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Laura Gröger
- Department of Human Genetics, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Natalie Fabis
- Molecular Cell Biology and Microbiology, Wuppertal University, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Ernesto Aparicio-Puerta
- Chair for Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland Informatics Campus, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Abdulrahman Salhab
- Department of Genetics and Epigenetics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Tobias Fehlmann
- Chair for Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland Informatics Campus, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Oliver Hahn
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, USA
| | - Annika Engel
- Chair for Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland Informatics Campus, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Viktoria Wagner
- Chair for Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland Informatics Campus, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Marcus Koch
- INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Katarzyna Winek
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hermona Soreq
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Irina Nazarenko
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Infection Prevention and Control; Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gregor Fuhrmann
- Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Biogenic Nanotherapeutics Group (BION), Saarbrücken, Germany
- Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Tony Wyss-Coray
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, USA
| | - Eckart Meese
- Department of Human Genetics, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Verena Keller
- Chair for Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland Informatics Campus, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Matthias W Laschke
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Keller
- Chair for Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland Informatics Campus, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Department for Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Center for Bioinformatics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
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69
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Gaber TA. Pattern of Post COVID Fatigue in Elderly Patients. ADVANCES IN REHABILITATION SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2023; 12:27536351231194561. [PMID: 37638148 PMCID: PMC10448890 DOI: 10.1177/27536351231194561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of Long COVID (LC) increases with age but then drops sharply in over 70-year-olds. The prevailing explanation is that different biases in data collection such as reluctance to report symptoms or attributing them to comorbidities may explain this pattern in this age group. Our local data suggested a similar pattern confirming the rarity of LC symptoms especially fatigue in the over 70s. Our data have also showed a different phenotype of post COVID fatigue which is not commonly associated with post exertional symptoms bringing into question the suggestion that bias in collecting data is the main cause. We explore several immunological, metabolic and epigenetic factors associated with aging that may explain such phenomenon.
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70
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Liang Y, Su W, Wang F. Skin Ageing: A Progressive, Multi-Factorial Condition Demanding an Integrated, Multilayer-Targeted Remedy. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2023; 16:1215-1229. [PMID: 37192990 PMCID: PMC10182820 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s408765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Of the human organs, skin is the most visible one that displays the manifestations of ageing. It has a very intricate microanatomical structure and performs several key physiological functions. The pathophysiology of cutaneous ageing is characterized by deterioration of structural stability and functional integrity, implying a continuous reduction in maximal function and reserve capacity, as a result of the accumulating damage due to both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Elimination of unfavorable expressions associated with facial and cutaneous ageing is the key patient demand in aesthetic dermatology. Even though the progress has been made in nonsurgical therapies like fillers and lasers, non-invasive interventions by using skin care products designed for rejuvenation at an early stage are the most popular and accessible solution among people. In this review, we have scrutinized the ageing-associated cutaneous changes at molecular, cellular and tissue levels. To optimize the ageing process towards a healthy skin, we propose an integrated, multilayer-targeted intervention, which involves both topical application of anti-ageing formulations from outside and oral supplementation from inside. Additionally, several promising naturally derived ingredients are reviewed from an anti-aging perspective. Most of them possess various bioactivities and may contribute to the development of the mentioned anti-ageing remedy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihuai Liang
- Research and Development Center, Yunnan Botanee Bio-Technology Group Co. Ltd, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Yunnan Yunke Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory Co. Ltd, Kunming, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenrou Su
- Research and Development Center, Yunnan Botanee Bio-Technology Group Co. Ltd, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Yunnan Yunke Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory Co. Ltd, Kunming, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feifei Wang
- Research and Development Center, Yunnan Botanee Bio-Technology Group Co. Ltd, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Yunnan Yunke Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory Co. Ltd, Kunming, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China
- Medaesthee (Shanghai) Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Feifei Wang, Research and Development Center, Yunnan Botanee Bio-Technology Group Co. Ltd, No. 999 Huaxu Road, Shanghai, 201702, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 21 39880807, Email
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71
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Effects of Oleuropein and Hydroxytyrosol on Inflammatory Mediators: Consequences on Inflammaging. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010380. [PMID: 36613822 PMCID: PMC9820525 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with a low-grade, systemic inflammatory state defined as "inflammaging", ruled by the loss of proper regulation of the immune system leading to the accumulation of pro-inflammatory mediators. Such a condition is closely connected to an increased risk of developing chronic diseases. A number of studies demonstrate that olive oil phenolic compound oleuropein and its derivative hydroxytyrosol contribute to modulating tissue inflammation and oxidative stress, thus becoming attractive potential candidates to be used in the context of nutraceutical interventions, in order to ameliorate systemic inflammation in aging subjects. In this review, we aim to summarize the available data about the anti-inflammatory properties of oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol, discussing them in the light of molecular pathways involved in the synthesis and release of inflammatory mediators in inflammaging.
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72
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Cisneros B, García-Aguirre I, Unzueta J, Arrieta-Cruz I, González-Morales O, Domínguez-Larrieta JM, Tamez-González A, Leyva-Gómez G, Magaña JJ. Immune system modulation in aging: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1059173. [PMID: 36591275 PMCID: PMC9797513 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1059173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The function of the immune system declines during aging, compromising its response against pathogens, a phenomenon termed as "immunosenescence." Alterations of the immune system undergone by aged individuals include thymic involution, defective memory T cells, impaired activation of naïve T cells, and weak memory response. Age-linked alterations of the innate immunity comprise perturbed chemotactic, phagocytic, and natural killing functions, as well as impaired antigen presentation. Overall, these alterations result in chronic low-grade inflammation (inflammaging) that negatively impacts health of elderly people. In this review, we address the most relevant molecules and mechanisms that regulate the relationship between immunosenescence and inflammaging and provide an updated description of the therapeutic strategies aimed to improve immunity in aged individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bulmaro Cisneros
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Ian García-Aguirre
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico,Departamento de Bioingeniería, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Juan Unzueta
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Isabel Arrieta-Cruz
- Departamento de Investigación Básica, División de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Geriatría, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Oscar González-Morales
- Departamento de Bioingeniería, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Juan M. Domínguez-Larrieta
- Departamento de Bioingeniería, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Aura Tamez-González
- Departamento de Bioingeniería, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Leyva-Gómez
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico,*Correspondence: Gerardo Leyva-Gómez, ; Jonathan J. Magaña,
| | - Jonathan J. Magaña
- Departamento de Bioingeniería, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Ciudad de México, Mexico,Laboratorio de Medicina Genómica, Departamento de Genética, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación “Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra”, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México, Mexico,*Correspondence: Gerardo Leyva-Gómez, ; Jonathan J. Magaña,
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de Sá Souza H, de Melo CM, Piovezan RD, Miranda REEPC, Carneiro-Junior MA, Silva BM, Thomatieli-Santos RV, Tufik S, Poyares D, D’Almeida V. Resistance Training Improves Sleep and Anti-Inflammatory Parameters in Sarcopenic Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16322. [PMID: 36498393 PMCID: PMC9736460 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192316322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Sleep and exercise have an important role in the development of several inflammation-related diseases, including sarcopenia. Objective: To investigate the effects of 12 weeks of resistance exercise training on sleep and inflammatory status in sarcopenic patients. Methods: A randomized controlled trial comparing resistance exercise training (RET) with a control (CTL) was conducted. Outcomes were obtained by physical tests, polysomnography, questionnaires, isokinetic/isometric dynamometry tests, and biochemical analysis. Results: Time to sleep onset (sleep latency) was reduced in the RET group compared to the CTL group (16.09 ± 15.21 vs. 29.98 ± 16.09 min; p = 0.04) after the intervention. The percentage of slow-wave sleep (N3 sleep) was increased in the RET group (0.70%, CI: 7.27−16.16 vs. −4.90%, CI: 7.06−16.70; p = 0.04) in an intention to treat analysis. Apnea/hour was reduced in the RET group (16.82 ± 14.11 vs. 7.37 ± 7.55; p = 0.001) and subjective sleep quality was improved compared to the CTL (−1.50; CI: 2.76−6.14 vs. 0.00; CI: 1.67−3.84 p = 0.02) in an intention-to-treat analysis. Levels of interleukin-10 (IL-10) (2.13 ± 0.80 vs. 2.51 ± 0.99; p < 0.03) and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) (0.99 ± 0.10 vs. 0.99 ± 0.10 ng/mL; p < 0.04; delta variation) were increased in the RET group. Conclusions: RET improves sleep parameters linked to muscle performance, possibly due to an increase in anti-inflammatory markers in older sarcopenic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helton de Sá Souza
- Department of Physical Education, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-062, SP, Brazil
| | - Camila Maria de Melo
- Department of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras 37200-000, MG, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo Delmonte Piovezan
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-062, SP, Brazil
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | | | | | - Bruno Moreira Silva
- Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-062, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Sergio Tufik
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-062, SP, Brazil
| | - Dalva Poyares
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-062, SP, Brazil
| | - Vânia D’Almeida
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-062, SP, Brazil
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74
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Barros D, Marques EA, Magalhães J, Carvalho J. Energy metabolism and frailty: The potential role of exercise-induced myokines - A narrative review. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 82:101780. [PMID: 36334911 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Frailty is a complex condition that emerges from dysregulation in multiple physiological systems. Increasing evidence suggests the potential role of age-related energy dysregulation as a key driver of frailty. Exercise is considered the most efficacious intervention to prevent and even ameliorate frailty as it up-tunes and improves the function of several related systems. However, the mechanisms and molecules responsible for these intersystem benefits are not fully understood. The skeletal muscle is considered a secretory organ with endocrine functions that can produce and secrete exercise-related molecules such as myokines. These molecules are cytokines and other peptides released by muscle fibers in response to acute and/or chronic exercise. The available evidence supports that several myokines can elicit autocrine, paracrine, or endocrine effects, partly mediating inter-organ crosstalk and also having a critical role in improving cardiovascular, metabolic, immune, and neurological health. This review describes the current evidence about the potential link between energy metabolism dysregulation and frailty and provides a theoretical framework for the potential role of myokines (via exercise) in counteracting frailty. It also summarizes the physiological role of selected myokines and their response to different acute and chronic exercise protocols in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duarte Barros
- The Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, CIAFEL, University of Porto, Portugal; ITR - Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Elisa A Marques
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, University of Maia (ISMAI), Portugal; School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - José Magalhães
- The Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, CIAFEL, University of Porto, Portugal; ITR - Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Carvalho
- The Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, CIAFEL, University of Porto, Portugal; ITR - Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, Porto, Portugal
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75
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Rommer PS, Bsteh G, Zrzavy T, Hoeftberger R, Berger T. Immunosenescence in Neurological Diseases-Is There Enough Evidence? Biomedicines 2022; 10:2864. [PMID: 36359383 PMCID: PMC9687682 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The aging of the immune system has recently attracted a lot of attention. Immune senescence describes changes that the immune system undergoes over time. The importance of immune senescence in neurological diseases is increasingly discussed. For this review, we considered studies that investigated cellular changes in the aging immune system and in neurological disease. Twenty-six studies were included in our analysis (for the following diseases: multiple sclerosis, stroke, Parkinson's disease, and dementia). The studies differed considerably in terms of the patient groups included and the cell types studied. Evidence for immunosenescence in neurological diseases is currently very limited. Prospective studies in well-defined patient groups with appropriate control groups, as well as comprehensive methodology and reporting, are essential prerequisites to generate clear insights into immunosenescence in neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulus S Rommer
- Department of Neurology, Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gabriel Bsteh
- Department of Neurology, Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Tobias Zrzavy
- Department of Neurology, Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Romana Hoeftberger
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry, Comprohensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Berger
- Department of Neurology, Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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76
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Puzianowska-Kuznicka M, Kurylowicz A, Wierucki L, Owczarek AJ, Jagiello K, Mossakowska M, Zdrojewski T, Chudek J. Obesity in Caucasian Seniors on the Rise: Is It Truly Harmful? Results of the PolSenior2 Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14214621. [PMID: 36364882 PMCID: PMC9658066 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with an increased risk of morbidity and mortality; however, data suggest that in old age, obesity is not detrimental. The study’s objective was to verify whether obesity frequency still increases in Polish Caucasian seniors and to verify the “obesity paradox”. Five thousand and fifty-seven community-dwelling individuals aged ≥ 65 years completed a detailed medical questionnaire, underwent measurements of the body mass index (BMI) and the waist circumference (WC), and an evaluation of physical and cognitive performances. Over a decade, general obesity increased by 2.1%, mostly due to a 3.9% increase in men. Abdominal obesity increased by 1.0%, mainly due to males, in whom it increased by 3.9%. Obesity increased the risk of several aging-related diseases, but this effect was less pronounced in the oldest-old. Obesity did not adversely affect the physical and cognitive functioning or mortality. Through a multivariable analysis, the BMI and WC remained the independent predictors of the Katz Activities of Daily Living score (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05, respectively) and Mini-Mental State Examination score (both p < 0.001). The Kaplan−Meier survival curves revealed that overweight and obesity classes 1 and 2 were associated with the lowest mortality. Through a multivariable analysis, overweight, class 1 obesity, and abdominal obesity remained the independent predictors of a decreased mortality (all p < 0.001). In conclusion, we found that overweight and obesity are not detrimental in seniors, including the oldest-old. We suggest that the anthropometric values defining obesity should be modified for age-advanced people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Puzianowska-Kuznicka
- Department of Human Epigenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Medical Centre of Postgraduate Education, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-226086591; Fax: +48-226085532
| | - Alina Kurylowicz
- Department of Human Epigenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of General Medicine and Geriatric Cardiology, Medical Centre of Postgraduate Education, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lukasz Wierucki
- Division of Preventive Medicine and Education, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | | | - Kacper Jagiello
- Division of Preventive Medicine and Education, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Mossakowska
- Study on Ageing and Longevity, International Institute of Cell and Molecular Biology, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Zdrojewski
- Division of Preventive Medicine and Education, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Jerzy Chudek
- Department of Internal Diseases and Oncological Chemotherapy, Medical University of Silesia, 40-027 Katowice, Poland
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Alexa-Stratulat T, Pavel-Tanasa M, Cianga VA, Antoniu S. Immune senescence in non-small cell lung cancer management: therapeutic relevance, biomarkers, and mitigating approaches. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2022; 22:1197-1210. [PMID: 36270650 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2022.2139242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lung cancer and mainly non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) still remain a prevalent malignancy worldwide despite sustained screening approaches. Furthermore, a significant proportion of the cases are diagnosed at advanced stages when conservative therapy is often unsuccessful. Cell senescence is an endogenous antitumor weapon but when it is upregulated exerts opposite activities favoring tumor metastasizing and poor response to therapy. However, little is known about this dangerous relationship between cell senescence and NSCLC outcome or on potential approaches to mitigate its unfavorable consequences. AREAS COVERED We discuss cell senescence focusing on immune senescence, its cell and humoral effectors (namely immune senescence associated secretory phenotype-iSASP), its impact on NSCLC outcome, and its biomarkers. Senotherapeutics as mitigating approaches are also considered based on the availability of experimental data pertinent to NSCLC. EXPERT OPINION Characterization of NSCLC subsets in which immune senescence is a risk factor for poor prognosis and poor therapeutic response might be very helpful in supporting the addition of senotherapeutics to conventional cancer therapy. This approach has the potential to improve disease outcome but more studies in this area are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teodora Alexa-Stratulat
- Department of Medicine III-Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Mariana Pavel-Tanasa
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Vlad-Andrei Cianga
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Sabina Antoniu
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Interdisciplinarity, Faculty of Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
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Labarrere CA, Kassab GS. Glutathione: A Samsonian life-sustaining small molecule that protects against oxidative stress, ageing and damaging inflammation. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1007816. [PMID: 36386929 PMCID: PMC9664149 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1007816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Many local and systemic diseases especially diseases that are leading causes of death globally like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, atherosclerosis with ischemic heart disease and stroke, cancer and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causing coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19), involve both, (1) oxidative stress with excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that lower glutathione (GSH) levels, and (2) inflammation. The GSH tripeptide (γ- L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycine), the most abundant water-soluble non-protein thiol in the cell (1-10 mM) is fundamental for life by (a) sustaining the adequate redox cell signaling needed to maintain physiologic levels of oxidative stress fundamental to control life processes, and (b) limiting excessive oxidative stress that causes cell and tissue damage. GSH activity is facilitated by activation of the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)-Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-antioxidant response element (ARE) redox regulator pathway, releasing Nrf2 that regulates expression of genes controlling antioxidant, inflammatory and immune system responses. GSH exists in the thiol-reduced (>98% of total GSH) and disulfide-oxidized (GSSG) forms, and the concentrations of GSH and GSSG and their molar ratio are indicators of the functionality of the cell. GSH depletion may play a central role in inflammatory diseases and COVID-19 pathophysiology, host immune response and disease severity and mortality. Therapies enhancing GSH could become a cornerstone to reduce severity and fatal outcomes of inflammatory diseases and COVID-19 and increasing GSH levels may prevent and subdue these diseases. The life value of GSH makes for a paramount research field in biology and medicine and may be key against systemic inflammation and SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 disease. In this review, we emphasize on (1) GSH depletion as a fundamental risk factor for diseases like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and atherosclerosis (ischemic heart disease and stroke), (2) importance of oxidative stress and antioxidants in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 disease, (3) significance of GSH to counteract persistent damaging inflammation, inflammaging and early (premature) inflammaging associated with cell and tissue damage caused by excessive oxidative stress and lack of adequate antioxidant defenses in younger individuals, and (4) new therapies that include antioxidant defenses restoration.
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Kerry O'Banion M. Microglia: Rheostats of space radiation effects in the CNS microenvironment. LIFE SCIENCES IN SPACE RESEARCH 2022; 35:180-186. [PMID: 36336364 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2022.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Microglia are innate immune cells within the brain that arise from a distinct myeloid lineage. Like other tissue resident macrophages, microglia respond to injury or immune challenges and participate in reparative processes such as phagocytosis to preserve normal function. Importantly, they also participate in normal homeostatic processes including maintenance of neurogenic niches and synaptic plasticity associated with development. This review highlights aspects of microglial biology and how repeated insults that occur with age, neurodegenerative disease and possibly radiation exposure may heighten microglial responses and contribute to their dysfunction, creating a situation where their normal reparative mechanisms are no longer sufficient to maintain brain health. These ideas are discussed in the context of an evolving literature focused on microglial responses as possible targets for mitigation of late CNS radiation effects that represent potential risks for future exploration of deep space environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kerry O'Banion
- Department of Neuroscience, USA; Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, USA; Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
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80
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Panossian A, Abdelfatah S, Efferth T. Network Pharmacology of Ginseng (Part III): Antitumor Potential of a Fixed Combination of Red Ginseng and Red Sage as Determined by Transcriptomics. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15111345. [PMID: 36355517 PMCID: PMC9696821 DOI: 10.3390/ph15111345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to assess the effect of a fixed combination of Red Ginseng and Red Sage (RG–RS) on the gene expression of neuronal cells to evaluate the potential impacts on cellular functions and predict its relevance in the treatment of stress and aging-related diseases and disorders. Methods: Gene expression profiling was conducted by transcriptome-wide mRNA microarray analyses of murine HT22 hippocampal cell culture after treatment with RG–RS preparation. Ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) was performed with datasets of significantly upregulated or downregulated genes and the expected effects on the physiological and cellular function and the diseases were identified. Results: RG–RS deregulates 1028 genes associated with cancer and 139 with metastasis, suggesting a predicted decrease in tumorigenesis, the proliferation of tumor cells, tumor growth, metastasis, and an increase in apoptosis and autophagy by their effects on the various signaling and metabolic pathways, including the inhibition of Warburg’s aerobic glycolysis, estrogen-mediated S-phase entry signaling, osteoarthritis signaling, and the super-pathway of cholesterol biosynthesis. Conclusion: The results of this study provide evidence of the potential efficacy of the fixed combination of Red Ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Mey.) and Red Sage/Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge) in cancer. Further clinical and experimental studies are required to assess the efficacy and safety of RG–RS in preventing the progression of cancer, osteoarthritis, and other aging-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Panossian
- EuroPharma USA Inc., Green Bay, WI 54311, USA
- Phytomed AB, 58344 Vastervick, Sweden
- Correspondence: (A.P.); (T.E.)
| | - Sara Abdelfatah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Correspondence: (A.P.); (T.E.)
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81
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Immunosenescence, Inflammaging, and Lung Senescence in Asthma in the Elderly. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12101456. [PMID: 36291665 PMCID: PMC9599177 DOI: 10.3390/biom12101456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Prevalence of asthma in older adults is growing along with increasing global life expectancy. Due to poor clinical consequences such as high mortality, advancement in understanding the pathophysiology of asthma in older patients has been sought to provide prompt treatment for them. Age-related alterations of functions in the immune system and lung parenchyma occur throughout life. Alterations with advancing age are promoted by various stimuli, including pathobionts, fungi, viruses, pollutants, and damage-associated molecular patterns derived from impaired cells, abandoned cell debris, and senescent cells. Age-related changes in the innate and adaptive immune response, termed immunosenescence, includes impairment of phagocytosis and antigen presentation, enhancement of proinflammatory mediator generation, and production of senescence-associated secretory phenotype. Immnunosenescence could promote inflammaging (chronic low-grade inflammation) and contribute to late-onset adult asthma and asthma in the elderly, along with age-related pulmonary disease, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and pulmonary fibrosis, due to lung parenchyma senescence. Aged patients with asthma exhibit local and systemic type 2 and non-type 2 inflammation, associated with clinical manifestations. Here, we discuss immunosenescence’s contribution to the immune response and the combination of type 2 inflammation and inflammaging in asthma in the elderly and present an overview of age-related features in the immune system and lung structure.
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82
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Calder PC, Ortega EF, Meydani SN, Adkins Y, Stephensen CB, Thompson B, Zwickey H. Nutrition, Immunosenescence, and Infectious Disease: An Overview of the Scientific Evidence on Micronutrients and on Modulation of the Gut Microbiota. Adv Nutr 2022; 13:S1-S26. [PMID: 36183242 PMCID: PMC9526826 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmac052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune system is key to host defense against pathogenic organisms. Aging is associated with changes in the immune system, with a decline in protective components (immunosenescence), increasing susceptibility to infectious disease, and a chronic elevation in low-grade inflammation (inflammaging), increasing the risk of multiple noncommunicable diseases. Nutrition is a determinant of immune cell function and of the gut microbiota. In turn, the gut microbiota shapes and controls the immune and inflammatory responses. Many older people show changes in the gut microbiota. Age-related changes in immune competence, low-grade inflammation, and gut dysbiosis may be interlinked and may relate, at least in part, to age-related changes in nutrition. A number of micronutrients (vitamins C, D, and E and zinc and selenium) play roles in supporting the function of many immune cell types. Some trials report that providing these micronutrients as individual supplements can reverse immune deficits in older people and/or in those with insufficient intakes. There is inconsistent evidence that this will reduce the risk or severity of infections including respiratory infections. Probiotic, prebiotic, or synbiotic strategies that modulate the gut microbiota, especially by promoting the colonization of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria, have been demonstrated to modulate some immune and inflammatory biomarkers in older people and, in some cases, to reduce the risk and severity of gastrointestinal and respiratory infections, although, again, the evidence is inconsistent. Further research with well-designed and well-powered trials in at-risk older populations is required to be more certain about the role of micronutrients and of strategies that modify the gut microbiota-host relationship in protecting against infection, especially respiratory infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip C Calder
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Edwin Frank Ortega
- Nutritional Immunology Laboratory, Jean Mayer–USDA Human Nutrition Research on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Simin N Meydani
- Nutritional Immunology Laboratory, Jean Mayer–USDA Human Nutrition Research on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yuriko Adkins
- USDA Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA, USA
- Nutrition Department, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Charles B Stephensen
- USDA Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA, USA
- Nutrition Department, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Brice Thompson
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Heather Zwickey
- Helfgott Research Institute, National University of Natural Medicine, Portland, OR, USA
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83
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Humoral immunoresponse elicited against an adenoviral-based SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus vaccine in elderly patients. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:7193-7205. [PMID: 36152043 PMCID: PMC9550251 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The early sequencing of the SARS-CoV-2 viral genome allowed for a speedy development of effective vaccines against the virus. Nevertheless, age-related immunosenescence, the inability to mount strong immune responses, still represents a major obstacle. Here, in a group of 149 elderly volunteers (70-96 years old), evolution of the humoral immune response over time to Gam-COVID-Vac (Sputnik V), a vaccine based on heterologous recombinant adenovirus-26 (Ad26) and adenovirus-5 (Ad5) carrying the Spike genome, was analyzed by an anti-RBD ELISA. At 28 days post vaccination (dpv), a seroconversion rate of 91% was achieved, showing the importance of administering at least two doses of Gam-COVID-Vac to elicit a robust immune response, especially in elderly individuals without previous SARS-CoV-2 infection. Interestingly, IgG specific antibodies that reached their highest titers around 28 dpv (median = 740), persisted without significant decrease after 60 dpv (median = 650). After 90 dpv, IgG titers began to drop, and at 180 dpv only 44.7% of the elderly individuals remained with detectable anti-RBD IgG antibodies. No significant differences were observed in specific humoral immune responses between genders at early times point. However, at 60 dpv anti-RBD titers were more persistent in elderly females, and only dropped at 90 dpv (p < 0.0001). As expected, the highest antibodies titers were elicited in the youngest subgroup (70-74 years). Our results show that Gam-COVID-Vac was able to deal with the ageing of the immune system, eliciting a robust immune response in an elderly cohort, which lasted approximately 90 dpv at high levels, and protected against COVID-19.
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Luís C, Maduro AT, Pereira P, Mendes JJ, Soares R, Ramalho R. Nutritional senolytics and senomorphics: Implications to immune cells metabolism and aging – from theory to practice. Front Nutr 2022; 9:958563. [PMID: 36159455 PMCID: PMC9493043 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.958563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a natural physiological process, but one that poses major challenges in an increasingly aging society prone to greater health risks such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, frailty, increased susceptibility to infection, and reduced response to vaccine regimens. The loss of capacity for cell regeneration and the surrounding tissue microenvironment itself is conditioned by genetic, metabolic, and even environmental factors, such as nutrition. The senescence of the immune system (immunosenescence) represents a challenge, especially when associated with the presence of age-related chronic inflammation (inflammaging) and affecting the metabolic programming of immune cells (immunometabolism). These aspects are linked to poorer health outcomes and therefore present an opportunity for host-directed interventions aimed at both eliminating senescent cells and curbing the underlying inflammation. Senotherapeutics are a class of drugs and natural products that delay, prevent, or reverse the senescence process – senolytics; or inhibit senescence-associated secretory phenotype – senomorphics. Natural senotherapeutics from food sources – nutritional senotherapeutics – may constitute an interesting way to achieve better age-associated outcomes through personalized nutrition. In this sense, the authors present herein a framework of nutritional senotherapeutics as an intervention targeting immunosenescence and immunometabolism, identifying research gaps in this area, and gathering information on concluded and ongoing clinical trials on this subject. Also, we present future directions and ideation for future clinical possibilities in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Luís
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- i3S – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana T. Maduro
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- i3S – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Pereira
- Nutritional Immunology – Clinical and Experimental Lab (NICE Lab), Clinical Research Unit, Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM, U4585 FCT), Egas Moniz Higher Education School, Monte de Caparica, Portugal
- Applied Nutrition Study Group (Grupo de Estudos em Nutrição Aplicada – G.E.N.A.-IUEM), Egas Moniz Higher Education School, Monte de Caparica, Portugal
- Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Egas Moniz Higher Education School, Monte de Caparica, Portugal
| | - José João Mendes
- Nutritional Immunology – Clinical and Experimental Lab (NICE Lab), Clinical Research Unit, Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM, U4585 FCT), Egas Moniz Higher Education School, Monte de Caparica, Portugal
- Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Egas Moniz Higher Education School, Monte de Caparica, Portugal
| | - Raquel Soares
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- i3S – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Renata Ramalho
- Nutritional Immunology – Clinical and Experimental Lab (NICE Lab), Clinical Research Unit, Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM, U4585 FCT), Egas Moniz Higher Education School, Monte de Caparica, Portugal
- Applied Nutrition Study Group (Grupo de Estudos em Nutrição Aplicada – G.E.N.A.-IUEM), Egas Moniz Higher Education School, Monte de Caparica, Portugal
- Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Egas Moniz Higher Education School, Monte de Caparica, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Renata Ramalho,
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Aiello A, Ligotti ME, Garnica M, Accardi G, Calabrò A, Pojero F, Arasanz H, Bocanegra A, Blanco E, Chocarro L, Echaide M, Fernandez-Rubio L, Ramos P, Piñeiro-Hermida S, Kochan G, Zareian N, Farzaneh F, Escors D, Caruso C, Candore G. How Can We Improve Vaccination Response in Old People? Part I: Targeting Immunosenescence of Innate Immunity Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179880. [PMID: 36077278 PMCID: PMC9456428 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination, being able to prevent millions of cases of infectious diseases around the world every year, is the most effective medical intervention ever introduced. However, immunosenescence makes vaccines less effective in providing protection to older people. Although most studies explain that this is mainly due to the immunosenescence of T and B cells, the immunosenescence of innate immunity can also be a significant contributing factor. Alterations in function, number, subset, and distribution of blood neutrophils, monocytes, and natural killer and dendritic cells are detected in aging, thus potentially reducing the efficacy of vaccines in older individuals. In this paper, we focus on the immunosenescence of the innate blood immune cells. We discuss possible strategies to counteract the immunosenescence of innate immunity in order to improve the response to vaccination. In particular, we focus on advances in understanding the role and the development of new adjuvants, such as TLR agonists, considered a promising strategy to increase vaccination efficiency in older individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Aiello
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Technologies, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Mattia Emanuela Ligotti
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Technologies, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Maider Garnica
- Oncoimmunology Group, Navarrabiomed, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Giulia Accardi
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Technologies, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Calabrò
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Technologies, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Fanny Pojero
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Technologies, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Hugo Arasanz
- Oncoimmunology Group, Navarrabiomed, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ana Bocanegra
- Oncoimmunology Group, Navarrabiomed, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ester Blanco
- Oncoimmunology Group, Navarrabiomed, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Division of Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Luisa Chocarro
- Oncoimmunology Group, Navarrabiomed, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Miriam Echaide
- Oncoimmunology Group, Navarrabiomed, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Leticia Fernandez-Rubio
- Oncoimmunology Group, Navarrabiomed, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Pablo Ramos
- Oncoimmunology Group, Navarrabiomed, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sergio Piñeiro-Hermida
- Oncoimmunology Group, Navarrabiomed, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Correspondence: (S.P.-H.); (C.C.)
| | - Grazyna Kochan
- Oncoimmunology Group, Navarrabiomed, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Nahid Zareian
- The Rayne Institute, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Farzin Farzaneh
- The Rayne Institute, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - David Escors
- Oncoimmunology Group, Navarrabiomed, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Calogero Caruso
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Technologies, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
- Correspondence: (S.P.-H.); (C.C.)
| | - Giuseppina Candore
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Technologies, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
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86
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Frankowska N, Lisowska K, Witkowski JM. Proteolysis dysfunction in the process of aging and age-related diseases. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2022; 3:927630. [PMID: 35958270 PMCID: PMC9361021 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2022.927630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we discuss in detail the most relevant proteolytic systems that together with chaperones contribute to creating the proteostasis network that is kept in dynamic balance to maintain overall functionality of cellular proteomes. Data accumulated over decades demonstrate that the effectiveness of elements of the proteostasis network declines with age. In this scenario, failure to degrade misfolded or faulty proteins increases the risk of protein aggregation, chronic inflammation, and the development of age-related diseases. This is especially important in the context of aging-related modification of functions of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Frankowska
- Department of Physiopathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Lisowska
- Department of Physiopathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jacek M Witkowski
- Department of Physiopathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
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Hägglöf T, Vanz C, Kumagai A, Dudley E, Ortega V, Siller M, Parthasarathy R, Keegan J, Koenigs A, Shute T, Leadbetter EA. T-bet + B cells accumulate in adipose tissue and exacerbate metabolic disorder during obesity. Cell Metab 2022; 34:1121-1136.e6. [PMID: 35868310 PMCID: PMC9357106 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2022.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is accompanied by inflammation in adipose tissue, impaired glucose tolerance, and changes in adipose leukocyte populations. These studies of adipose tissue from humans and mice revealed that increased frequencies of T-bet+ B cells in adipose tissue depend on invariant NKT cells and correlate with weight gain during obesity. Transfer of B cells enriched for T-bet+ cells exacerbates metabolic disorder in obesity, while ablation of Tbx21 specifically in B cells reduces serum IgG2c levels, inflammatory cytokines, and inflammatory macrophages in adipose tissue, ameliorating metabolic symptoms. Furthermore, transfer of serum or purified IgG from HFD mice restores metabolic disease in T-bet+ B cell-deficient mice, confirming T-bet+ B cell-derived IgG as a key mediator of inflammation during obesity. Together, these findings reveal an important pathological role for T-bet+ B cells that should inform future immunotherapy design in type 2 diabetes and other inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Hägglöf
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, UT Health, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Carlo Vanz
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, UT Health, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Abigail Kumagai
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, UT Health, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Elizabeth Dudley
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, UT Health, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Vanessa Ortega
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, UT Health, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - McKenzie Siller
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, UT Health, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Raksha Parthasarathy
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, UT Health, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Josh Keegan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, UT Health, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Abigail Koenigs
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, UT Health, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Travis Shute
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, UT Health, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Leadbetter
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, UT Health, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
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Clerbaux LA, Albertini MC, Amigó N, Beronius A, Bezemer GFG, Coecke S, Daskalopoulos EP, del Giudice G, Greco D, Grenga L, Mantovani A, Muñoz A, Omeragic E, Parissis N, Petrillo M, Saarimäki LA, Soares H, Sullivan K, Landesmann B. Factors Modulating COVID-19: A Mechanistic Understanding Based on the Adverse Outcome Pathway Framework. J Clin Med 2022; 11:4464. [PMID: 35956081 PMCID: PMC9369763 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11154464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Addressing factors modulating COVID-19 is crucial since abundant clinical evidence shows that outcomes are markedly heterogeneous between patients. This requires identifying the factors and understanding how they mechanistically influence COVID-19. Here, we describe how eleven selected factors (age, sex, genetic factors, lipid disorders, heart failure, gut dysbiosis, diet, vitamin D deficiency, air pollution and exposure to chemicals) influence COVID-19 by applying the Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP), which is well-established in regulatory toxicology. This framework aims to model the sequence of events leading to an adverse health outcome. Several linear AOPs depicting pathways from the binding of the virus to ACE2 up to clinical outcomes observed in COVID-19 have been developed and integrated into a network offering a unique overview of the mechanisms underlying the disease. As SARS-CoV-2 infectibility and ACE2 activity are the major starting points and inflammatory response is central in the development of COVID-19, we evaluated how those eleven intrinsic and extrinsic factors modulate those processes impacting clinical outcomes. Applying this AOP-aligned approach enables the identification of current knowledge gaps orientating for further research and allows to propose biomarkers to identify of high-risk patients. This approach also facilitates expertise synergy from different disciplines to address public health issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure-Alix Clerbaux
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027 Ispra, Italy; (S.C.); (E.P.D.); (N.P.); (M.P.); (B.L.)
| | | | - Núria Amigó
- Biosfer Teslab SL., 43204 Reus, Spain;
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), 23204 Reus, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Beronius
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Gillina F. G. Bezemer
- Impact Station, 1223 JR Hilversum, The Netherlands;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra Coecke
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027 Ispra, Italy; (S.C.); (E.P.D.); (N.P.); (M.P.); (B.L.)
| | - Evangelos P. Daskalopoulos
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027 Ispra, Italy; (S.C.); (E.P.D.); (N.P.); (M.P.); (B.L.)
| | - Giusy del Giudice
- Finnish Hub for Development and Validation of Integrated Approaches (FHAIVE), Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33100 Tampere, Finland; (G.d.G.); (D.G.); (L.A.S.)
| | - Dario Greco
- Finnish Hub for Development and Validation of Integrated Approaches (FHAIVE), Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33100 Tampere, Finland; (G.d.G.); (D.G.); (L.A.S.)
| | - Lucia Grenga
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, SPI, F-30200 Bagnols-sur-Ceze, France;
| | - Alberto Mantovani
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Amalia Muñoz
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 2440 Geel, Belgium;
| | - Elma Omeragic
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sarajevo, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
| | - Nikolaos Parissis
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027 Ispra, Italy; (S.C.); (E.P.D.); (N.P.); (M.P.); (B.L.)
| | - Mauro Petrillo
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027 Ispra, Italy; (S.C.); (E.P.D.); (N.P.); (M.P.); (B.L.)
| | - Laura A. Saarimäki
- Finnish Hub for Development and Validation of Integrated Approaches (FHAIVE), Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33100 Tampere, Finland; (G.d.G.); (D.G.); (L.A.S.)
| | - Helena Soares
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Pathogenesis, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas Medical School, University of Lisbon, 1649-004 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Kristie Sullivan
- Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine, Washington, DC 20016, USA;
| | - Brigitte Landesmann
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027 Ispra, Italy; (S.C.); (E.P.D.); (N.P.); (M.P.); (B.L.)
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Caruso C, Ligotti ME, Accardi G, Aiello A, Candore G. An immunologist's guide to immunosenescence and its treatment. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2022; 18:961-981. [PMID: 35876758 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2022.2106217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION : The ageing process causes several changes in the immune system, although immune ageing is strongly influenced by individual immunological history, as well as genetic and environmental factors leading to inter-individual variability. AREAS COVERED : Here, we focused on the biological and clinical meaning of immunosenescence. Data on SARS-CoV-2 and Yellow Fever vaccine have demonstrated the clinical relevance of immunosenescence, while inconsistent results, obtained from longitudinal studies aimed at looking for immune risk phenotypes, have revealed that the immunosenescence process is highly context-dependent. Large projects have allowed the delineation of the drivers of immune system variance, including genetic and environmental factors, sex, smoking, and co-habitation. Therefore, it is difficult to identify the interventions that can be envisaged to maintain or improve immune function in older people. That suggests that drug treatment of immunosenescence should require personalized intervention. Regarding this, we discussed the role of changes in lifestyle as a potential therapeutic approach. EXPERT OPINION : Our review points out that age is only part of the problem of immunosenescence. Everyone ages differently because he/she is unique in genetics and experience of life and this applies even more to the immune system (immunobiography). Finally, the present review shows how appreciable results in the modification of immunosenescence biomarkers can be achieved with lifestyle modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calogero Caruso
- Laboratorio di Immunopatologia e Immunosenescenza, Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Neuroscienze e Diagnostica Avanzata, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Mattia Emanuela Ligotti
- Laboratorio di Immunopatologia e Immunosenescenza, Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Neuroscienze e Diagnostica Avanzata, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giulia Accardi
- Laboratorio di Immunopatologia e Immunosenescenza, Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Neuroscienze e Diagnostica Avanzata, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Aiello
- Laboratorio di Immunopatologia e Immunosenescenza, Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Neuroscienze e Diagnostica Avanzata, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Candore
- Laboratorio di Immunopatologia e Immunosenescenza, Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Neuroscienze e Diagnostica Avanzata, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Prud’homme GJ, Kurt M, Wang Q. Pathobiology of the Klotho Antiaging Protein and Therapeutic Considerations. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2022; 3:931331. [PMID: 35903083 PMCID: PMC9314780 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2022.931331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
Abstract
The α-Klotho protein (henceforth denoted Klotho) has antiaging properties, as first observed in mice homozygous for a hypomorphic Klotho gene (kl/kl). These mice have a shortened lifespan, stunted growth, renal disease, hyperphosphatemia, hypercalcemia, vascular calcification, cardiac hypertrophy, hypertension, pulmonary disease, cognitive impairment, multi-organ atrophy and fibrosis. Overexpression of Klotho has opposite effects, extending lifespan. In humans, Klotho levels decline with age, chronic kidney disease, diabetes, Alzheimer’s disease and other conditions. Low Klotho levels correlate with an increase in the death rate from all causes. Klotho acts either as an obligate coreceptor for fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), or as a soluble pleiotropic endocrine hormone (s-Klotho). It is mainly produced in the kidneys, but also in the brain, pancreas and other tissues. On renal tubular-cell membranes, it associates with FGF receptors to bind FGF23. Produced in bones, FGF23 regulates renal excretion of phosphate (phosphaturic effect) and vitamin D metabolism. Lack of Klotho or FGF23 results in hyperphosphatemia and hypervitaminosis D. With age, human renal function often deteriorates, lowering Klotho levels. This appears to promote age-related pathology. Remarkably, Klotho inhibits four pathways that have been linked to aging in various ways: Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), Wnt and NF-κB. These can induce cellular senescence, apoptosis, inflammation, immune dysfunction, fibrosis and neoplasia. Furthermore, Klotho increases cell-protective antioxidant enzymes through Nrf2 and FoxO. In accord, preclinical Klotho therapy ameliorated renal, cardiovascular, diabetes-related and neurodegenerative diseases, as well as cancer. s-Klotho protein injection was effective, but requires further investigation. Several drugs enhance circulating Klotho levels, and some cross the blood-brain barrier to potentially act in the brain. In clinical trials, increased Klotho was noted with renin-angiotensin system inhibitors (losartan, valsartan), a statin (fluvastatin), mTOR inhibitors (rapamycin, everolimus), vitamin D and pentoxifylline. In preclinical work, antidiabetic drugs (metformin, GLP-1-based, GABA, PPAR-γ agonists) also enhanced Klotho. Several traditional medicines and/or nutraceuticals increased Klotho in rodents, including astaxanthin, curcumin, ginseng, ligustilide and resveratrol. Notably, exercise and sport activity increased Klotho. This review addresses molecular, physiological and therapeutic aspects of Klotho.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gérald J. Prud’homme
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Gérald J. Prud’homme,
| | - Mervé Kurt
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Qinghua Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Yinuo Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
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Nie YZ, Yan ZQ, Yin H, Shan LH, Wang JH, Wu QH. Osteosarcopenic obesity and its components-osteoporosis, sarcopenia, and obesity-are associated with blood cell count-derived inflammation indices in older Chinese people. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:532. [PMID: 35764967 PMCID: PMC9238016 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-03225-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to investigate the associations of osteosarcopenic obesity (OSO) and its components with complete blood cell count-derived inflammation indices. Methods In this cross-sectional study, data of 648 participants aged ≥60 years (men/women: 232/416, mean age: 67.21 ± 6.40 years) were collected from January 2018 to December 2020. Areal bone mineral density and body fat percentage were used to define osteopenia/osteoporosis and obesity, respectively. The criteria of the 2019 Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia were used to diagnose sarcopenia. Based on the number of these conditions, participants were divided into four groups: OSO/0, OSO/1, OSO/2, and OSO/3. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify associations between blood cell count-derived inflammation indices and the number of disorders with abnormal body composition. Results Systemic inflammation response index (SIRI), white blood cells, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), aggregate inflammation systemic index (AISI), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) showed statistically significant differences among the four groups (P < 0.05). Unlike in the OSO/0 group, in all other groups, AISI, SIRI, PLR, and NLR were significantly associated with increased likelihood of having multiple disorders with abnormal body composition after adjustment for confounders (P < 0.0001 for all). However, LMR showed an inverse correlation with the number of these conditions (P < 0.05). Conclusion Higher SIRI, AISI, NLR, and PLR values and lower LMR values are closely associated with OSO and its individual components—osteoporosis, sarcopenia, and obesity—in older adults, suggesting that the value of these indices in the evaluation of OSO warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Zhen Nie
- Physical Examination Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Zhao-Qi Yan
- Physical Examination Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Hui Yin
- Department of Health Education, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Ling-Han Shan
- School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Jia-Hui Wang
- Centre for Health Policy & Management, Health Management College, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150086, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qun-Hong Wu
- Centre for Health Policy & Management, Health Management College, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150086, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China.
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Su WL, Wu CC, Wu SFV, Lee MC, Liao MT, Lu KC, Lu CL. A Review of the Potential Effects of Melatonin in Compromised Mitochondrial Redox Activities in Elderly Patients With COVID-19. Front Nutr 2022; 9:865321. [PMID: 35795579 PMCID: PMC9251345 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.865321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin, an endogenous indoleamine, is an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory molecule widely distributed in the body. It efficiently regulates pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines under various pathophysiological conditions. The melatonin rhythm, which is strongly associated with oxidative lesions and mitochondrial dysfunction, is also observed during the biological process of aging. Melatonin levels decline considerably with age and are related to numerous age-related illnesses. The signs of aging, including immune aging, increased basal inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, significant telomeric abrasion, and disrupted autophagy, contribute to the increased severity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. These characteristics can worsen the pathophysiological response of the elderly to SARS-CoV-2 and pose an additional risk of accelerating biological aging even after recovery. This review explains that the death rate of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) increases with chronic diseases and age, and the decline in melatonin levels, which is closely related to the mitochondrial dysfunction in the patient, affects the virus-related death rate. Further, melatonin can enhance mitochondrial function and limit virus-related diseases. Hence, melatonin supplementation in older people may be beneficial for the treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Lin Su
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chao Wu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department and Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Fang Vivienne Wu
- School of Nursing, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Chen Lee
- School of Nursing, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Min-Tser Liao
- Department of Pediatrics, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital Hsinchu Branch, Hsinchu City, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Cheng Lu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Lin Lu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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93
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SCA ® Slows the Decline of Functional Parameters Associated with Senescence in Skin Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126538. [PMID: 35742982 PMCID: PMC9224471 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of compounds and natural ingredients that can counteract tissue stress and dysfunction induced by aging in skin cells is warranted. Here, we investigated the activity of the secretion from the snail Cryptomphalus aspersa (SCA®), an active compound with well-established beneficial effects on skin integrity and aging. To determinate its senescence-regulation mechanisms, we used a model where damage was induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The results showed that SCA® positively modulated factors involved in cell senescence such as β-galactosidase and cell morphology, secretory efficiency markers (SIRT1/6 and carboxymethyl-lysine), and metabolic and redox homeostasis (mTOR and ROS). This study demonstrated a novel compound that is activity-modulating, reduces cell senescence, and increases longevity to maintain skin homeostasis and functionality.
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94
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Sabbatinelli J, Matacchione G, Giuliani A, Ramini D, Rippo MR, Procopio AD, Bonafè M, Olivieri F. Circulating biomarkers of inflammaging as potential predictors of COVID-19 severe outcomes. Mech Ageing Dev 2022; 204:111667. [PMID: 35341896 PMCID: PMC8949647 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2022.111667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection has been of unprecedented clinical and socio-economic worldwide relevance. The case fatality rate for COVID-19 grows exponentially with age and the presence of comorbidities. In the older patients, COVID-19 manifests predominantly as a systemic disease associated with immunological, inflammatory, and procoagulant responses. Timely diagnosis and risk stratification are crucial steps to define appropriate therapies and reduce mortality, especially in the older patients. Chronically and systemically activated innate immune responses and impaired antiviral responses have been recognized as the results of a progressive remodeling of the immune system during aging, which can be described by the words 'immunosenescence' and 'inflammaging'. These age-related features of the immune system were highlighted in patients affected by COVID-19 with the poorest clinical outcomes, suggesting that the mechanisms underpinning immunosenescence and inflammaging could be relevant for COVID-19 pathogenesis and progression. Increasing evidence suggests that senescent myeloid and endothelial cells are characterized by the acquisition of a senescence-associated pro-inflammatory phenotype (SASP), which is considered as the main culprit of both immunosenescence and inflammaging. Here, we reviewed this evidence and highlighted several circulating biomarkers of inflammaging that could provide additional prognostic information to stratify COVID-19 patients based on the risk of severe outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Sabbatinelli
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Laboratory Medicine, AOU Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy
| | - Giulia Matacchione
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Angelica Giuliani
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Deborah Ramini
- Center of Clinical Pathology and Innovative Therapy, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | - Maria Rita Rippo
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Antonio Domenico Procopio
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Center of Clinical Pathology and Innovative Therapy, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Bonafè
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabiola Olivieri
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Center of Clinical Pathology and Innovative Therapy, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy.
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95
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Mettelman RC, Allen EK, Thomas PG. Mucosal immune responses to infection and vaccination in the respiratory tract. Immunity 2022; 55:749-780. [PMID: 35545027 PMCID: PMC9087965 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The lungs are constantly exposed to inhaled debris, allergens, pollutants, commensal or pathogenic microorganisms, and respiratory viruses. As a result, innate and adaptive immune responses in the respiratory tract are tightly regulated and are in continual flux between states of enhanced pathogen clearance, immune-modulation, and tissue repair. New single-cell-sequencing techniques are expanding our knowledge of airway cellular complexity and the nuanced connections between structural and immune cell compartments. Understanding these varied interactions is critical in treatment of human pulmonary disease and infections and in next-generation vaccine design. Here, we review the innate and adaptive immune responses in the lung and airways following infection and vaccination, with particular focus on influenza virus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has put pulmonary research firmly into the global spotlight, challenging previously held notions of respiratory immunity and helping identify new populations at high risk for respiratory distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Mettelman
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - E Kaitlynn Allen
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Paul G Thomas
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
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96
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Fulop T, Larbi A, Pawelec G, Cohen AA, Provost G, Khalil A, Lacombe G, Rodrigues S, Desroches M, Hirokawa K, Franceschi C, Witkowski JM. Immunosenescence and Altered Vaccine Efficiency in Older Subjects: A Myth Difficult to Change. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10040607. [PMID: 35455356 PMCID: PMC9030923 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10040607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Organismal ageing is associated with many physiological changes, including differences in the immune system of most animals. These differences are often considered to be a key cause of age-associated diseases as well as decreased vaccine responses in humans. The most often cited vaccine failure is seasonal influenza, but, while it is usually the case that the efficiency of this vaccine is lower in older than younger adults, this is not always true, and the reasons for the differential responses are manifold. Undoubtedly, changes in the innate and adaptive immune response with ageing are associated with failure to respond to the influenza vaccine, but the cause is unclear. Moreover, recent advances in vaccine formulations and adjuvants, as well as in our understanding of immune changes with ageing, have contributed to the development of vaccines, such as those against herpes zoster and SARS-CoV-2, that can protect against serious disease in older adults just as well as in younger people. In the present article, we discuss the reasons why it is a myth that vaccines inevitably protect less well in older individuals, and that vaccines represent one of the most powerful means to protect the health and ensure the quality of life of older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamas Fulop
- Research Center on Aging, Geriatric Division, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada; (A.K.); (G.L.)
- Correspondence: (T.F.); (S.R.)
| | - Anis Larbi
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Immunos Building, Singapore 138648, Singapore;
| | - Graham Pawelec
- Department of Immunology, University of Tübingen, 72072 Tübingen, Germany;
- Health Sciences North Research Institute, Sudbury, ON P3E 2H2, Canada
| | - Alan A. Cohen
- Groupe de Recherche PRIMUS, Department of Family Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, 3001 12e Ave N, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada;
| | | | - Abedelouahed Khalil
- Research Center on Aging, Geriatric Division, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada; (A.K.); (G.L.)
| | - Guy Lacombe
- Research Center on Aging, Geriatric Division, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada; (A.K.); (G.L.)
| | - Serafim Rodrigues
- Ikerbasque, The Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain;
- BCAM—The Basque Center for Applied Mathematics, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
- Correspondence: (T.F.); (S.R.)
| | - Mathieu Desroches
- MathNeuro Team, Inria Sophia Antipolis Méditerranée, CEDEX, 06902 Sophia Antipolis, France;
- The Jean Alexandre Dieudonné Laboratory, Université Côte d’Azur, CEDEX 2, 06108 Nice, France
| | - Katsuiku Hirokawa
- Institute of Health and Life Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan;
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences of Bologna, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Laboratory of Systems Biology of Healthy Aging, Lobachevsky State University, 603000 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Jacek M. Witkowski
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland;
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97
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Kaszubowska L, Foerster J, Kmieć Z. NKT-like (CD3 + CD56+) cells differ from T cells in expression level of cellular protective proteins and sensitivity to stimulation in the process of ageing. Immun Ageing 2022; 19:18. [PMID: 35410272 PMCID: PMC8996639 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-022-00274-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND NKT-like cells are T lymphocytes coexpressing several NK cell-associated receptors. They are effector lymphocytes of innate and adaptive immunity, and their number increases with age. The study aimed to analyze the expression of cellular protective proteins, i.e. sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2) in NKT-like and T cells of the young ('young', 31 subjects, age range 19-24 years), seniors aged under 85 ('old'; 30 subjects, age range 65-84 years) and seniors aged over 85 ('oldest', 24 subjects, age range 85-94 years). Both NKT-like and T cells were cultured for 48 h and stimulated with IL-2, LPS and PMA with ionomycin and compared with unstimulated control cells. RESULTS The oldest seniors varied from the other age groups by significantly increased expression of SIRT1 and HSP70 in both NKT-like and T cells observed in both stimulated and nonstimulated cells. The analyzed lymphocyte populations of the oldest revealed not only the highest expression of these proteins but also insensitivity to all types of applied stimulation. When NKT-like cells were compared to T cells, higher expression of the studied protective proteins was observed in both stimulated and unstimulated NKT-like cells. Neither CD3 + CD56+ nor CD3+ cells revealed elevated expression of SOD2, and these cells responded to stimulation until very advanced age. T cells revealed higher sensitivity to stimulation with IL-2 regarding SIRT1 and HSP70 expression. NKT-like cells were more sensitive to stimulation with PMA and ionomycin concerning the expression of these proteins. IL-2 did not induce a significant increase in SOD2 expression in the studied age groups. CONCLUSIONS The oldest seniors developed an adaptive stress response in both T and NKT-like cells regarding the expression of SIRT1 and HSP70, which was increased and insensitive to further stimulation in contrast to SOD2, which showed a more inducible pattern of expression. CD3 + CD56+ cells exhibited higher expression of cellular protective proteins than CD3+ cells in both stimulated and control, nonstimulated cells. NKT-like and T cells showed a distinct sensitivity to the applied stimulatory factors in the respective age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucyna Kaszubowska
- Department of Histology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 1, 80-211, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Jerzy Foerster
- Department of Social and Clinical Gerontology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 1, 80-211, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Kmieć
- Department of Histology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 1, 80-211, Gdańsk, Poland
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98
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Hughes FM, Allkanjari A, Odom MR, Jin H, Purves JT. Diabetic bladder dysfunction progresses from an overactive to an underactive phenotype in a type-1 diabetic mouse model (Akita female mouse) and is dependent on NLRP3. Life Sci 2022; 299:120528. [PMID: 35381220 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Diabetic bladder dysfunction (DBD) is a prevalent diabetic complication thought to progress from overactive (OAB) to underactive (UAB) bladder. Previously we found OAB at 15 weeks in the Akita mouse, a genetic model of Type 1 diabetes. The first aim of this study assesses bladder function at 30 weeks to assess progression. In addition, inflammation triggered by the NLRP3 inflammasome is implicated in DBD. In a second aim we assessed a role for NLRP3 by crossing Akita mice with NLRP3-/- mice. MAIN METHODS Akita mice were bred with NLRP3-/- mice. The effect of diabetes was assessed by comparing nondiabetic to diabetic mice (all NLRP3+/+). The effect of diabetes in the absence of the NLRP3 inflammasome was assessed by comparing nondiabetic/NLRP3-/- to diabetic/NLRP3-/- mice. Mice were assessed at 30 weeks for blood glucose (glucometer), inflammation (Evans blue), bladder morphology (histology) and bladder function (urodynamics). KEY FINDINGS At 30 weeks blood glucose of nondiabetics and diabetics was not affected by the presence of absence of NLRP3. Diabetic/NLRP3+/+ mice showed bladder inflammation and detrusor hypertrophy which was blocked in the diabetic/NLRP3-/- mice, clearly showing a role for NLRP3. When bladder function was examined, diabetic/NLRP3+/+ showed an increase in voiding volume and a decrease in frequency, two signs of underactive bladder. However, in the NLRP3-/- mice, diabetes was unable to effectuate these changes, demonstrating that NLRP3-induced inflammation is responsible for UAB symptoms in these mice. SIGNIFICANCE Akita diabetic mice progress from OAB to UAB. NLRP3 is a possible target to treat DBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis M Hughes
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States of America.
| | - Armand Allkanjari
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Michael R Odom
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Huixia Jin
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - J Todd Purves
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States of America
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99
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Immunity and lifespan: answering long-standing questions with comparative genomics. Trends Genet 2022; 38:650-661. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2022.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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100
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Witkowski JM, Fulop T, Bryl E. Immunosenescence and COVID-19. Mech Ageing Dev 2022; 204:111672. [PMID: 35378106 PMCID: PMC8975602 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2022.111672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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