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Neginskaya MA, Pavlov EV. Inorganic Polyphosphate in Mitochondrial Energy Metabolism and Pathology. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR AND SUBCELLULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 61:15-26. [PMID: 35697935 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-01237-2_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this chapter, the current understanding of the potential roles played by polyphosphate in mitochondrial function with a specific focus on energy metabolism and mitochondrial pathologies caused by stress is summarized. Here we will discuss details of the possible ion transporting mechanisms of mitochondria that might involve polyP and their role in mitochondrial physiology and pathology are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Neginskaya
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Evgeny V Pavlov
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University, New York, NY, USA.
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52
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Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a Tool for Studying Mutations in Nuclear Genes Involved in Diseases Caused by Mitochondrial DNA Instability. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12121866. [PMID: 34946817 PMCID: PMC8701800 DOI: 10.3390/genes12121866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) maintenance is critical for oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) since some subunits of the respiratory chain complexes are mitochondrially encoded. Pathological mutations in nuclear genes involved in the mtDNA metabolism may result in a quantitative decrease in mtDNA levels, referred to as mtDNA depletion, or in qualitative defects in mtDNA, especially in multiple deletions. Since, in the last decade, most of the novel mutations have been identified through whole-exome sequencing, it is crucial to confirm the pathogenicity by functional analysis in the appropriate model systems. Among these, the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has proved to be a good model for studying mutations associated with mtDNA instability. This review focuses on the use of yeast for evaluating the pathogenicity of mutations in six genes, MPV17/SYM1, MRM2/MRM2, OPA1/MGM1, POLG/MIP1, RRM2B/RNR2, and SLC25A4/AAC2, all associated with mtDNA depletion or multiple deletions. We highlight the techniques used to construct a specific model and to measure the mtDNA instability as well as the main results obtained. We then report the contribution that yeast has given in understanding the pathogenic mechanisms of the mutant variants, in finding the genetic suppressors of the mitochondrial defects and in the discovery of molecules able to improve the mtDNA stability.
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53
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Huang T, Suen D. Iron insufficiency in floral buds impairs pollen development by disrupting tapetum function. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 108:244-267. [PMID: 34310779 PMCID: PMC9292431 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Reduction of crop yield due to iron (Fe) deficiency has always been a concern in agriculture. How Fe insufficiency in floral buds affects pollen development remains unexplored. Here, plants transferred to Fe-deficient medium at the reproductive stage had reduced floral Fe content and viable pollen and showed a defective pollen outer wall, all restored by supplying floral buds with Fe. A comparison of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in Fe-deficient leaves, roots, and anthers suggested that changes in several cellular processes were unique to anthers, including increased lipid degradation. Co-expression analysis revealed that ABORTED MICROSPORES (AMS), DEFECTIVE IN TAPETAL DEVELOPMENT AND FUNCTION1, and BASIC HELIX-LOOP-HELIX 089/091/010 encode key upstream transcription factors of Fe deficiency-responsive DEGs involved in tapetum function and development, including tapetal ROS homeostasis, programmed cell death, and pollen outer wall formation-related lipid metabolism. Analysis of RESPIRATORY-BURST OXIDASE HOMOLOG E (RBOHE) gain- and loss-of-function under Fe deficiency indicated that RBOHE- and Fe-dependent regulation cooperatively control anther reactive oxygen species levels and pollen development. Since DEGs in Fe-deficient anthers were not significantly enriched in genes related to mitochondrial function, the changes in mitochondrial status under Fe deficiency, including respiration activity, density, and morphology, were probably because the Fe amount was insufficient to maintain proper mitochondrial protein function in anthers. To sum up, Fe deficiency in anthers may affect Fe-dependent protein function and impact upstream transcription factors and their downstream genes, resulting in extensively impaired tapetum function and pollen development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu‐Hsiang Huang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research CenterAcademia SinicaTaipei11529Taiwan
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences ProgramTaiwan International Graduate ProgramAcademia Sinica and National Chung‐Hsing UniversityTaipei11529Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of BiotechnologyNational Chung‐Hsing UniversityTaichung40227Taiwan
| | - Der‐Fen Suen
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research CenterAcademia SinicaTaipei11529Taiwan
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences ProgramTaiwan International Graduate ProgramAcademia Sinica and National Chung‐Hsing UniversityTaipei11529Taiwan
- Biotechnology CenterNational Chung‐Hsing UniversityTaichung40227Taiwan
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54
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Oyebode OT, Abolaji AO, Faleke HO, Olorunsogo OO. Methanol fraction of Ficus mucoso (welw) prevents iron-induced oxidative damage and alters mitochondrial dysfunction in Drosophila melanogaster. Drug Chem Toxicol 2021; 45:2644-2652. [PMID: 34592861 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2021.1979997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the antioxidant and cyto-/mito-protective roles of Methanol Fraction of Ficus mucoso (MFFM) in iron-induced oxidative damage in Drosophila melanogaster. At first, 10-day survival rates were carried out separately on FeSO4 and MFFM, respectively, after which ameliorative effects of MFFM were investigated on FeSO4-induced toxicity for 5 days using biochemical and behavioral markers. Additionally, mitochondria were isolated from treated D. melanogaster to assess mitochondrial Permeability Transition (mPT) pore opening. The results showed that FeSO4 significantly reduced survival rate, total thiol level and activities of catalase and glutathione-S-transferase in D. melanogaster. In addition, treatment with FeSO4 caused increased generation of H2O2, NO (nitrite/nitrates) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity compared with control (p < 0.05). Conversely, MFFM restored FeSO4-induced inhibition of glutathione-S-transferase and catalase activities, as well as glutathione and total thiol levels. FeSO4-induced elevation of AChE activity as well as H2O2 and NO (nitrites/nitrates) levels were ameliorated by MFFM with improved climbing activity. Interestingly, MFFM prevented FeSO4-induced mitochondrial Permeability Transition (mPT) pore opening, and elevated mitochondrial ATPase activity and mitochondrial lipid peroxides generation in D. melanogaster. Taken together, our results demonstrated that iron impaired anti-stress defence capacity, altered behavioral functions, increased generation of mitochondrial malondialdehyde and activated opening of the mPT pore in D. melanogaster. Conversely, methanol fraction of F. mucoso protected against iron-induced cyto-/mito-toxic effects. F. mucoso possibly contain bioactive agents which might be useful in the management of disorders associated with oxidative stress induced by iron and or related metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olubukola T Oyebode
- Laboratories for Biomembrane Research and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Amos O Abolaji
- Molecular Drug Metabolism and Toxicology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Hammed O Faleke
- Laboratories for Biomembrane Research and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.,Molecular Drug Metabolism and Toxicology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olufunso O Olorunsogo
- Laboratories for Biomembrane Research and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Ku CW, Ho TJ, Huang CY, Chu PM, Ou HC, Hsieh PL. Cordycepin Attenuates Palmitic Acid-Induced Inflammation and Apoptosis of Vascular Endothelial Cells through Mediating PI3K/Akt/eNOS Signaling Pathway. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2021; 49:1703-1722. [PMID: 34488549 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x21500804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A well-known medicinal mushroom in the field of traditional Chinese medicine, Cordyceps sinensis, is a rare natural-occurring entomopathogenic fungus, and it typically grows at high altitudes on the plateau of the Himalayan. Previous studies indicated that cordycepin, the main bioactive chemical of Cordyceps sinensis, has very potent anticancer, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. However, its protective effects against atherosclerotic changes in vascular endothelial cells have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we showed that pretreatment with cordycepin significantly attenuated palmitic acid (PA)-induced cytotoxicity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and inflammatory responses. We found that PA decreased phosphorylation of Akt, eNOS, and bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO), which in turn activated NF-[Formula: see text]B and the downstream inflammatory responses. All these detrimental events were markedly blocked by pretreatment with cordycepin. Moreover, cordycepin ameliorated destabilization of mitochondrial permeability, cytosolic calcium rises, and apoptotic features caused by PA. In addition, all these anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptosis effects of cordycepin were found to be inhibited by the PI3K and eNOS inhibitor, suggesting that its anti-atherosclerotic effects may partially be mediated by the PI3K/Akt/eNOS signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Wen Ku
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan.,Integration Center of Traditional Chinese and Modern Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Jung Ho
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan.,Integration Center of Traditional Chinese and Modern Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan.,School of Post Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Holistic Education Center, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ming Chu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Chung Ou
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ling Hsieh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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56
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Belosludtsev KN, Starinets VS, Talanov EY, Mikheeva IB, Dubinin MV, Belosludtseva NV. Alisporivir Treatment Alleviates Mitochondrial Dysfunction in the Skeletal Muscles of C57BL/6NCrl Mice with High-Fat Diet/Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9524. [PMID: 34502433 PMCID: PMC8430760 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a systemic metabolic disorder associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, with mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) pore opening being recognized as one of its pathogenic mechanisms. Alisporivir has been recently identified as a non-immunosuppressive analogue of the MPT pore blocker cyclosporin A and has broad therapeutic potential. The purpose of the present work was to study the effect of alisporivir (2.5 mg/kg/day i.p.) on the ultrastructure and functions of the skeletal muscle mitochondria of mice with diabetes mellitus induced by a high-fat diet combined with streptozotocin injections. The glucose tolerance tests indicated that alisporivir increased the rate of glucose utilization in diabetic mice. An electron microscopy analysis showed that alisporivir prevented diabetes-induced changes in the ultrastructure and content of the mitochondria in myocytes. In diabetes, the ADP-stimulated respiration, respiratory control, and ADP/O ratios and the level of ATP synthase in the mitochondria decreased, whereas alisporivir treatment restored these indicators. Alisporivir eliminated diabetes-induced increases in mitochondrial lipid peroxidation products. Diabetic mice showed decreased mRNA levels of Atp5f1a, Ant1, and Ppif and increased levels of Ant2 in the skeletal muscles. The skeletal muscle mitochondria of diabetic animals were sensitized to the MPT pore opening. Alisporivir normalized the expression level of Ant2 and mitochondrial susceptibility to the MPT pore opening. In parallel, the levels of Mfn2 and Drp1 also returned to control values, suggesting a normalization of mitochondrial dynamics. These findings suggest that the targeting of the MPT pore opening by alisporivir is a therapeutic approach to prevent the development of mitochondrial dysfunction and associated oxidative stress in the skeletal muscles in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin N. Belosludtsev
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell Biology and Microbiology, Mari State University, pl. Lenina 1, 424001 Yoshkar-Ola, Russia; (V.S.S.); (M.V.D.)
| | - Vlada S. Starinets
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell Biology and Microbiology, Mari State University, pl. Lenina 1, 424001 Yoshkar-Ola, Russia; (V.S.S.); (M.V.D.)
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Transport, Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya 3, 142290 Pushchino, Russia; (E.Y.T.); (I.B.M.); (N.V.B.)
| | - Eugeny Yu. Talanov
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Transport, Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya 3, 142290 Pushchino, Russia; (E.Y.T.); (I.B.M.); (N.V.B.)
| | - Irina B. Mikheeva
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Transport, Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya 3, 142290 Pushchino, Russia; (E.Y.T.); (I.B.M.); (N.V.B.)
| | - Mikhail V. Dubinin
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell Biology and Microbiology, Mari State University, pl. Lenina 1, 424001 Yoshkar-Ola, Russia; (V.S.S.); (M.V.D.)
| | - Natalia V. Belosludtseva
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Transport, Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya 3, 142290 Pushchino, Russia; (E.Y.T.); (I.B.M.); (N.V.B.)
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57
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Effect of the MPT Pore Inhibitor Alisporivir on the Development of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in the Heart Tissue of Diabetic Mice. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10090839. [PMID: 34571715 PMCID: PMC8465403 DOI: 10.3390/biology10090839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Diabetes mellitus as a systemic metabolic disease is one of the most serious threats to global health in this century. Diabetic cardiomyopathy is increasingly recognized as one of the most important complications of the disease, which is associated with impaired cell energy metabolism and damage to mitochondria in cardiomyocytes. Therefore, targeting mitochondrial dysfunction by pharmacological agents can be used as a therapeutic strategy in diabetic heart disease. The aim of the work was to study the effect of the mitochondria-targeted agent alisporivir on the development of mitochondrial dysfunction in the heart of mice with experimental diabetes mellitus. Alisporivir has been recently identified as a non-immunosuppressive analogue of cyclosporin A, a selective inhibitor of cyclophilin D and the mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening, with a potential in a wide range of therapeutic indications. Our results indicated that alisporivir alleviates diabetes-induced abnormalities in the ultrastructure and functions of mitochondria in cardiomyocytes and increases the rate of glucose utilization in diabetic mice. The data suggest that alisporivir acts as a mitochondria-targeted metabolic reprogramming agent and attenuates oxidative damage to the heart tissue of diabetic mice. Abstract Diabetes mellitus is a systemic metabolic disorder associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, with the mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) pore opening being considered as one of its possible mechanisms. The effect of alisporivir, a non-immunosuppressive cyclosporin derivative and a selective inhibitor of the MPT pore opening, on the ultrastructure and functions of the heart mitochondria of mice with diabetes mellitus induced by a high-fat diet combined with streptozotocin injections was studied. The treatment of diabetic animals with alisporivir (2.5 mg/kg ip for 20 days) increased the rate of glucose clearance during the glucose tolerance test. The blood glucose level and the indicator of heart rate in alisporivir-treated diabetic mice tended to restore. An electron microscopy analysis showed that alisporivir prevented mitochondrial swelling and ultrastructural alterations in cardiomyocytes of diabetic mice. Alisporivir canceled the diabetes-induced increases in the susceptibility of heart mitochondria to the MPT pore opening and the level of lipid peroxidation products, but it did not affect the decline in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation capacity. The mRNA expression levels of Pink1 and Parkin in the heart tissue of alisporivir-treated diabetic mice were elevated, suggesting the stimulation of mitophagy. In parallel, alisporivir decreased the level of mtDNA in the heart tissue. These findings suggest that targeting the MPT pore opening by alisporivir alleviates the development of mitochondrial dysfunction in the diabetic heart. The cardioprotective effect of the drug in diabetes can be mediated by the induction of mitophagy and the inhibition of lipid peroxidation in the organelles.
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58
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Sirtuin 5 depletion impairs mitochondrial function in human proximal tubular epithelial cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15510. [PMID: 34330933 PMCID: PMC8324880 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94185-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia is a major cause of kidney damage. Proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTECs) are highly susceptible to ischemic insults that frequently cause acute kidney injury (AKI), a potentially life-threatening condition with high mortality. Accumulating evidence has identified altered mitochondrial function as a central pathologic feature of AKI. The mitochondrial NAD+-dependent enzyme sirtuin 5 (SIRT5) is a key regulator of mitochondrial form and function, but its role in ischemic renal injury (IRI) is unknown. SIRT5 expression was increased in murine PTECs after IRI in vivo and in human PTECs (hPTECs) exposed to an oxygen/nutrient deprivation (OND) model of IRI in vitro. SIRT5-depletion impaired ATP production, reduced mitochondrial membrane potential, and provoked mitochondrial fragmentation in hPTECs. Moreover, SIRT5 RNAi exacerbated OND-induced mitochondrial bioenergetic dysfunction and swelling, and increased degradation by mitophagy. These findings suggest SIRT5 is required for normal mitochondrial function in hPTECs and indicate a potentially important role for the enzyme in the regulation of mitochondrial biology in ischemia.
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59
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Szabo I, Zoratti M, Biasutto L. Targeting mitochondrial ion channels for cancer therapy. Redox Biol 2021; 42:101846. [PMID: 33419703 PMCID: PMC8113036 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological targeting of mitochondrial ion channels is emerging as a promising approach to eliminate cancer cells; as most of these channels are differentially expressed and/or regulated in cancer cells in comparison to healthy ones, this strategy may selectively eliminate the former. Perturbation of ion fluxes across the outer and inner membranes is linked to alterations of redox state, membrane potential and bioenergetic efficiency. This leads to indirect modulation of oxidative phosphorylation, which is/may be fundamental for both cancer and cancer stem cell survival. Furthermore, given the crucial contribution of mitochondria to intrinsic apoptosis, modulation of their ion channels leading to cytochrome c release may be of great advantage in case of resistance to drugs triggering apoptotic events upstream of the mitochondrial phase. In the present review, we give an overview of the known mitochondrial ion channels and of their modulators capable of killing cancer cells. In addition, we discuss state-of-the-art strategies using mitochondriotropic drugs or peptide-based approaches allowing a more efficient and selective targeting of mitochondrial ion channel-linked events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ildiko Szabo
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Italy; CNR Institute of Neurosciences, Padova, Italy.
| | | | - Lucia Biasutto
- CNR Institute of Neurosciences, Padova, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy
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60
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Antifungal properties of recombinant Puroindoline B protein against aflatoxigenic Aspergillus flavus. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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61
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Mollinedo F, Gajate C. Mitochondrial Targeting Involving Cholesterol-Rich Lipid Rafts in the Mechanism of Action of the Antitumor Ether Lipid and Alkylphospholipid Analog Edelfosine. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:763. [PMID: 34065546 PMCID: PMC8161315 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13050763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The ether lipid edelfosine induces apoptosis selectively in tumor cells and is the prototypic molecule of a family of synthetic antitumor compounds collectively known as alkylphospholipid analogs. Cumulative evidence shows that edelfosine interacts with cholesterol-rich lipid rafts, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria. Edelfosine induces apoptosis in a number of hematological cancer cells by recruiting death receptors and downstream apoptotic signaling into lipid rafts, whereas it promotes apoptosis in solid tumor cells through an ER stress response. Edelfosine-induced apoptosis, mediated by lipid rafts and/or ER, requires the involvement of a mitochondrial-dependent step to eventually elicit cell death, leading to the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, cytochrome c release and the triggering of cell death. The overexpression of Bcl-2 or Bcl-xL blocks edelfosine-induced apoptosis. Edelfosine induces the redistribution of lipid rafts from the plasma membrane to the mitochondria. The pro-apoptotic action of edelfosine on cancer cells is associated with the recruitment of F1FO-ATP synthase into cholesterol-rich lipid rafts. Specific inhibition of the FO sector of the F1FO-ATP synthase, which contains the membrane-embedded c-subunit ring that constitutes the mitochondrial permeability transcription pore, hinders edelfosine-induced cell death. Taking together, the evidence shown here suggests that the ether lipid edelfosine could modulate cell death in cancer cells by direct interaction with mitochondria, and the reorganization of raft-located mitochondrial proteins that critically modulate cell death or survival. Here, we summarize and discuss the involvement of mitochondria in the antitumor action of the ether lipid edelfosine, pointing out the mitochondrial targeting of this drug as a major therapeutic approach, which can be extrapolated to other alkylphospholipid analogs. We also discuss the involvement of cholesterol transport and cholesterol-rich lipid rafts in the interactions between the organelles as well as in the role of mitochondria in the regulation of apoptosis in cancer cells and cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faustino Mollinedo
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Laboratory of Cell Death and Cancer Therapy, Department of Molecular Biomedicine, C/Ramiro de Maeztu 9, E-28040 Madrid, Spain;
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62
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A Yeast-Based Screening Unravels Potential Therapeutic Molecules for Mitochondrial Diseases Associated with Dominant ANT1 Mutations. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094461. [PMID: 33923309 PMCID: PMC8123201 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases result from inherited or spontaneous mutations in mitochondrial or nuclear DNA, leading to an impairment of the oxidative phosphorylation responsible for the synthesis of ATP. To date, there are no effective pharmacological therapies for these pathologies. We performed a yeast-based screening to search for therapeutic drugs to be used for treating mitochondrial diseases associated with dominant mutations in the nuclear ANT1 gene, which encodes for the mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier. Dominant ANT1 mutations are involved in several degenerative mitochondrial pathologies characterized by the presence of multiple deletions or depletion of mitochondrial DNA in tissues of affected patients. Thanks to the presence in yeast of the AAC2 gene, orthologue of human ANT1, a yeast mutant strain carrying the M114P substitution equivalent to adPEO-associated L98P mutation was created. Five molecules were identified for their ability to suppress the defective respiratory growth phenotype of the haploid aac2M114P. Furthermore, these molecules rescued the mtDNA mutability in the heteroallelic AAC2/aac2M114P strain, which mimics the human heterozygous condition of adPEO patients. The drugs were effective in reducing mtDNA instability also in the heteroallelic strain carrying the R96H mutation equivalent to the more severe de novo dominant missense mutation R80H, suggesting a general therapeutic effect on diseases associated with dominant ANT1 mutations.
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63
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C subunit of the ATP synthase is an amyloidogenic calcium dependent channel-forming peptide with possible implications in mitochondrial permeability transition. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8744. [PMID: 33888826 PMCID: PMC8062469 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88157-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The c subunit is an inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) protein encoded by three nuclear genes. Best known as an integral part of the F0 complex of the ATP synthase, the c subunit is also present in other cytoplasmic compartments in ceroid lipofuscinoses. Under physiological conditions, this 75 residue-long peptide folds into an α-helical hairpin and forms oligomers spanning the lipid bilayer. In addition to its physiological role, the c subunit has been proposed as a key participant in stress-induced IMM permeabilization by the mechanism of calcium-induced permeability transition. However, the molecular mechanism of the c subunit participation in IMM permeabilization is not completely understood. Here we used fluorescence spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy and black lipid membrane methods to gain insights into the structural and functional properties of unmodified c subunit protein that might make it relevant to mitochondrial toxicity. We discovered that c subunit is an amyloidogenic peptide that can spontaneously fold into β-sheets and self-assemble into fibrils and oligomers in a Ca2+-dependent manner. C subunit oligomers exhibited ion channel activity in lipid membranes. We propose that the toxic effects of c subunit might be linked to its amyloidogenic properties and are driven by mechanisms similar to those of neurodegenerative polypeptides such as Aβ and α-synuclein.
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64
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Jin C, Kumar P, Gracia-Sancho J, Dufour JF. Calcium transfer between endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria in liver diseases. FEBS Lett 2021; 595:1411-1421. [PMID: 33752262 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+ ) is a second messenger essential for cellular homeostasis. Inside the cell, Ca2+ is compartmentalized and exchanged among organelles in response to both external and internal stimuli. Mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs) provide a platform for proteins and channels involved in Ca2+ transfer between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria. Deregulated Ca2+ signaling and proteins regulating ER-mitochondria interactions have been linked to liver diseases and intensively investigated in recent years. In this review, we summarize the role of MAM-resident proteins in Ca2+ transfer and their association with different liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaonan Jin
- Hepatology, Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Pavitra Kumar
- Hepatology, Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jordi Gracia-Sancho
- Hepatology, Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Switzerland.,Liver Vascular Biology Research Group, CIBEREHD, IDIBAPS Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jean-François Dufour
- Hepatology, Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Switzerland.,University Clinic of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland
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Brito MD, Silva LFSE, Siena A, Chipara M, Sarkar S, Rosenstock TR. Oxygen Consumption Evaluation: An Important Indicator of Metabolic State, Cellular Function, and Cell Fate Along Neural Deregulation. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2240:207-230. [PMID: 33423236 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1091-6_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Depletion of oxygen (O2) levels and reduction in the ATP synthesis (or even its complete blockage) are important characteristics of mitochondrial dysfunction; features that are often correlated with neurodegeneration. The measurement of oxygen consumption rate (OCR) is thus essential to evaluate cellular metabolism, survival, and neuroprotective strategies. In the present chapter, we describe the oxygen consumption assay using a Clark-type oxygen electrode in different types of samples named cells suspension (from primary and established cell culture), brain slices (ex vivo), and fresh brain tissues. In addition, we demonstrate herein how the program Oxygraph can be used in order to analyze the data and different approaches to normalize it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Dutra Brito
- Department of Physiological Science, Santa Casa de São Paulo School of Medical Science. R. Doutor Cesário Motta Júnior, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz Felipe Souza E Silva
- Department of Physiological Science, Santa Casa de São Paulo School of Medical Science. R. Doutor Cesário Motta Júnior, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Amanda Siena
- Department of Physiological Science, Santa Casa de São Paulo School of Medical Science. R. Doutor Cesário Motta Júnior, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Miruna Chipara
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Sovan Sarkar
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Tatiana Rosado Rosenstock
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. .,Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, College of Medical and dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
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66
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Ramani S, Park S. HSP27 role in cardioprotection by modulating chemotherapeutic doxorubicin-induced cell death. J Mol Med (Berl) 2021; 99:771-784. [PMID: 33728476 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-021-02048-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The common phenomenon expected from any anti-cancer drug in use is to kill the cancer cells without any side effects to non-malignant cells. Doxorubicin is an anthracycline derivative anti-cancer drug active over different types of cancers with anti-cancer activity but attributed to unintended cytotoxicity and genotoxicity triggering mitogenic signals inducing apoptosis. Administration of doxorubicin tends to both acute and chronic toxicity resulting in cardiomyopathy (left ventricular dysfunction) and congestive heart failure (CHF). Cardiotoxicity is prevented through administration of different cardioprotectants along with the drug. This review elaborates on mechanism of drug-mediated cardiotoxicity and attenuation principle by different cardioprotectants, with a focus on Hsp27 as cardioprotectant by prevention of drug-induced oxidative stress, cell survival pathways with suppression of intrinsic cell death. In conclusion, Hsp27 may offer an exciting/alternating cardioprotectant, with a wider study being need of the hour, specifically on primary cell line and animal models in conforming its cardioprotectant behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivasubramanian Ramani
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
| | - Sungkwon Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Seoul, 05006, South Korea.
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67
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The cyclophilin inhibitor NIM-811 increases muscle cell survival with hypoxia in vitro and improves gait performance following ischemia-reperfusion in vivo. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6152. [PMID: 33731782 PMCID: PMC7969970 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85753-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute ischemia–reperfusion injury in skeletal muscle is a significant clinical concern in the trauma setting. The mitochondrial permeability transition inhibitor NIM-811 has previously been shown to reduce ischemic injury in the liver and kidney. The effects of this treatment on skeletal muscle are, however, not well understood. We first used an in vitro model of muscle cell ischemia in which primary human skeletal myoblasts were exposed to hypoxic conditions (1% O2 and 5% CO2) for 6 h. Cells were treated with NIM-811 (0–20 µM). MTS assay was used to quantify cell survival and LDH assay to quantify cytotoxicity 2 h after treatment. Results indicate that NIM-811 treatment of ischemic myotubes significantly increased cell survival and decreased LDH in a dose-dependent manner. We then examined NIM-811 effects in vivo using orthodontic rubber bands (ORBs) for 90 min of single hindlimb ischemia. Mice received vehicle or NIM-811 (10 mg/kg BW) 10 min before reperfusion and 3 h later. Ischemia and reperfusion were monitored using laser speckle imaging. In vivo data demonstrate that mice treated with NIM-811 showed increased gait speed and improved Tarlov scores compared to vehicle-treated mice. The ischemic limbs of female mice treated with NIM-811 showed significantly lower levels of MCP-1, IL-23, IL-6, and IL-1α compared to limbs of vehicle-treated mice. Similarly, male mice treated with NIM-811 showed significantly lower levels of MCP-1 and IL-1a. These findings are clinically relevant as MCP-1, IL-23, IL-6, and IL-1α are all pro-inflammatory factors that are thought to contribute directly to tissue damage after ischemic injury. Results from the in vitro and in vivo experiments suggest that NIM-811 and possibly other mitochondrial permeability transition inhibitors may be effective for improving skeletal muscle salvage and survival after ischemia–reperfusion injury.
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68
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Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Permeability Transition in Neonatal Brain and Lung Injuries. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030569. [PMID: 33807810 PMCID: PMC7999701 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
This review discusses the potential mechanistic role of abnormally elevated mitochondrial proton leak and mitochondrial bioenergetic dysfunction in the pathogenesis of neonatal brain and lung injuries associated with premature birth. Providing supporting evidence, we hypothesized that mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to postnatal alveolar developmental arrest in bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and cerebral myelination failure in diffuse white matter injury (WMI). This review also analyzes data on mitochondrial dysfunction triggered by activation of mitochondrial permeability transition pore(s) (mPTP) during the evolution of perinatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. While the still cryptic molecular identity of mPTP continues to be a subject for extensive basic science research efforts, the translational significance of mitochondrial proton leak received less scientific attention, especially in diseases of the developing organs. This review is focused on the potential mechanistic relevance of mPTP and mitochondrial dysfunction to neonatal diseases driven by developmental failure of organ maturation or by acute ischemia-reperfusion insult during development.
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69
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Neginskaya MA, Pavlov EV, Sheu SS. Electrophysiological properties of the mitochondrial permeability transition pores: Channel diversity and disease implication. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOENERGETICS 2021; 1862:148357. [PMID: 33359307 PMCID: PMC7954400 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2020.148357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) is a channel that, when open, is responsible for a dramatic increase in the permeability of the mitochondrial inner membrane, a process known as the mitochondrial permeability transition (mPT). mPTP activation during Ca2+ dyshomeostasis and oxidative stress disrupts normal mitochondrial function and induces cell death. mPTP opening has been implicated as a critical event in many diseases, including hypoxic injuries, neurodegeneration, and diabetes. Discoveries of recent years indicate that mPTP demonstrates very complicated behavior and regulation, and depending on specific induction or stress conditions, it can function as a high-conductance pore, a small channel, or a non-specific membrane leak. The focus of this review is to summarize the literature on the electrophysiological properties of the mPTP and to evaluate the evidence that it has multiple molecular identities. This review also provides perspective on how an electrophysiological approach can be used to quantitatively investigate the biophysical properties of the mPTP under physiological, pharmacological, pathophysiological, and disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Neginskaya
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - E V Pavlov
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - S-S Sheu
- Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
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70
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Varela AT, Neves RAF, Nascimento SM, Oliveira PJ, Pardal MA, Rodrigues ET, Moreno AJ. Exposure to marine benthic dinoflagellate toxins may lead to mitochondrial dysfunction. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 240:108937. [PMID: 33171298 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Even though marine dinoflagellates are important primary producers, many toxic species may alter the natural equilibrium of aquatic ecosystems and even generate human intoxication incidents, as they are the major causative agents of harmful algal blooms. In order to deepen the knowledge regarding benthic dinoflagellate adverse effects, the present study aims to clarify the influence of Gambierdiscus excentricus strain UNR-08, Ostreopsis cf. ovata strain UNR-03 and Prorocentrum lima strain UNR-01 crude extracts on rat mitochondrial energetic function and permeability transition pore (mPTP) induction. Our results, expressed in number of dinoflagellate cell toxic compounds tested in a milligram of mitochondrial protein, revealed that 934 cells mg prot-1 of G. excentricus, and 7143 cells mg prot-1 of both O. cf. ovata and P. lima negatively affect mitochondrial function, including by decreasing ATP synthesis-related membrane potential variations. Moreover, considerably much lower concentrations of dinoflagellate extracts (117 cells mg prot-1 of G. excentricus, 1429 cells mg prot-1 of O. cf. ovata and 714 cells mg prot-1 of P. lima) produced mPTP-induced swelling in Ca2+-loaded isolated mitochondria. The present study clearly demonstrates the toxicity of G. excentricus, O. cf. ovata and P. lima extracts at the mitochondrial level, which may lead to mitochondrial failure and consequent cell toxicity, and that G. excentricus always provide much more severe effects than O. cf. ovata and P. lima.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana T Varela
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Raquel A F Neves
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal; Laboratory of Marine Microalgae, Department of Ecology and Marine Resources, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Av. Pasteur 458-314B, 22290-240 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Silvia M Nascimento
- Laboratory of Marine Microalgae, Department of Ecology and Marine Resources, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Av. Pasteur 458-314B, 22290-240 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Paulo J Oliveira
- Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, UC Biotech, Biocant Park, 3060-197 Cantanhede, Portugal.
| | - Miguel A Pardal
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Elsa T Rodrigues
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - António J Moreno
- Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, UC Biotech, Biocant Park, 3060-197 Cantanhede, Portugal; Department of Life Sciences, Calçada Martim de Freitas, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal.
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71
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The effect of DS16570511, a new inhibitor of mitochondrial calcium uniporter, on calcium homeostasis, metabolism, and functional state of cultured cortical neurons and isolated brain mitochondria. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2021; 1865:129847. [PMID: 33453305 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2021.129847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disorders of mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis play a key role in the glutamate excitotoxicity of brain neurons. DS16570511 (DS) is a new penetrating inhibitor of mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter complex (MCUC). The paper examines the effects of DS on the cultivated cortical neurons and isolated mitochondria of the rat brain. METHODS The functions of neurons and mitochondria were examined using fluorescence microscopy, XF24 microplate-based сell respirometry, ion-selective microelectrodes, spectrophotometry, and polarographic technique. RESULTS At the doses of 30 and 45 μM, DS reliably slowed down the onset of glutamate-induced delayed calcium deregulation of neurons and suppressed their death. 30 μM DS caused hyperpolarization of mitochondria of resting neurons, and 45 μM DS temporarily depolarized neuronal mitochondria. It was also demonstrated that 30-60 μM DS stimulated cellular respiration. DS was shown to suppress Ca2+ uptake by isolated brain mitochondria. In addition, DS inhibited ADP-stimulated mitochondrial respiration and ADP-induced decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential. It was found that DS inhibited the activity of complex II of the respiratory chain. In the presence of Ca2+, high DS concentrations caused a collapse of the mitochondrial membrane potential. CONCLUSIONS The data obtained indicate that, in addition to the inhibition of MCUC, DS affects the main energy-transducing functions of mitochondria. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The using DS as a tool for studying MCUC and its functional role in neuronal cells should be done with care, bearing in mind multiple effects of DS, a proper evaluation of which would require multivariate analysis.
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72
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Dominguez LJ, Veronese N, Guerrero-Romero F, Barbagallo M. Magnesium in Infectious Diseases in Older People. Nutrients 2021; 13:E180. [PMID: 33435521 PMCID: PMC7827130 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Reduced magnesium (Mg) intake is a frequent cause of deficiency with age together with reduced absorption, renal wasting, and polypharmacotherapy. Chronic Mg deficiency may result in increased oxidative stress and low-grade inflammation, which may be linked to several age-related diseases, including higher predisposition to infectious diseases. Mg might play a role in the immune response being a cofactor for immunoglobulin synthesis and other processes strictly associated with the function of T and B cells. Mg is necessary for the biosynthesis, transport, and activation of vitamin D, another key factor in the pathogenesis of infectious diseases. The regulation of cytosolic free Mg in immune cells involves Mg transport systems, such as the melastatin-like transient receptor potential 7 channel, the solute carrier family, and the magnesium transporter 1 (MAGT1). The functional importance of Mg transport in immunity was unknown until the description of the primary immunodeficiency XMEN (X-linked immunodeficiency with Mg defect, Epstein-Barr virus infection, and neoplasia) due to a genetic deficiency of MAGT1 characterized by chronic Epstein-Barr virus infection. This and other research reporting associations of Mg deficit with viral and bacterial infections indicate a possible role of Mg deficit in the recent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and its complications. In this review, we will discuss the importance of Mg for the immune system and for infectious diseases, including the recent pandemic of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligia J. Dominguez
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy; (L.J.D.); (M.B.)
| | - Nicola Veronese
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy; (L.J.D.); (M.B.)
| | | | - Mario Barbagallo
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy; (L.J.D.); (M.B.)
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73
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Urbani A, Prosdocimi E, Carrer A, Checchetto V, Szabò I. Mitochondrial Ion Channels of the Inner Membrane and Their Regulation in Cell Death Signaling. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:620081. [PMID: 33585458 PMCID: PMC7874202 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.620081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are bioenergetic organelles with a plethora of fundamental functions ranging from metabolism and ATP production to modulation of signaling events leading to cell survival or cell death. Ion channels located in the outer and inner mitochondrial membranes critically control mitochondrial function and, as a consequence, also cell fate. Opening or closure of mitochondrial ion channels allow the fine-tuning of mitochondrial membrane potential, ROS production, and function of the respiratory chain complexes. In this review, we critically discuss the intracellular regulatory factors that affect channel activity in the inner membrane of mitochondria and, indirectly, contribute to cell death. These factors include various ligands, kinases, second messengers, and lipids. Comprehension of mitochondrial ion channels regulation in cell death pathways might reveal new therapeutic targets in mitochondria-linked pathologies like cancer, ischemia, reperfusion injury, and neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Urbani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Carrer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Ildikò Szabò
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
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74
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Hamilton J, Brustovetsky T, Brustovetsky N. The effect of mitochondrial calcium uniporter and cyclophilin D knockout on resistance of brain mitochondria to Ca 2+-induced damage. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100669. [PMID: 33864812 PMCID: PMC8131324 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) and cyclophilin D (CyD) are key players in induction of the permeability transition pore (PTP), which leads to mitochondrial depolarization and swelling, the major signs of Ca2+-induced mitochondrial damage. Mitochondrial depolarization inhibits ATP production, whereas swelling results in the release of mitochondrial pro-apoptotic proteins. The extent to which simultaneous deletion of MCU and CyD inhibits PTP induction and prevents damage of brain mitochondria is not clear. Here, we investigated the effects of MCU and CyD deletion on the propensity for PTP induction using mitochondria isolated from the brains of MCU-KO, CyD-KO, and newly created MCU/CyD-double knockout (DKO) mice. Neither deletion of MCU nor of CyD affected respiration or membrane potential in mitochondria isolated from the brains of these mice. Mitochondria from MCU-KO and MCU/CyD-DKO mice displayed reduced Ca2+ uptake and diminished extent of PTP induction. The Ca2+ uptake by mitochondria from CyD-KO mice was increased compared with mitochondria from WT mice. Deletion of CyD prevented mitochondrial swelling and resulted in transient depolarization in response to Ca2+, but it did not prevent Ca2+-induced delayed mitochondrial depolarization. Mitochondria from MCU/CyD-DKO mice did not swell in response to Ca2+, but they did exhibit mild sustained depolarization. Dibucaine, an inhibitor of the Ca2+-activated mitochondrial phospholipase A2, attenuated and bovine serum albumin completely eliminated the sustained depolarization. This suggests the involvement of phospholipase A2 and free fatty acids. Thus, in addition to induction of the classical PTP, alternative deleterious mechanisms may contribute to mitochondrial damage following exposure to elevated Ca2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Hamilton
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Tatiana Brustovetsky
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Nickolay Brustovetsky
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
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75
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Cui Y, Pan M, Ma J, Song X, Cao W, Zhang P. Recent progress in the use of mitochondrial membrane permeability transition pore in mitochondrial dysfunction-related disease therapies. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:493-506. [PMID: 33000352 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03926-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria have various cellular functions, including ATP synthesis, calcium homeostasis, cell senescence, and death. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been identified in a variety of disorders correlated with human health. Among the many underlying mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction, the opening up of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) is one that has drawn increasing interest in recent years. It plays an important role in apoptosis and necrosis; however, the molecular structure and function of the mPTP have still not been fully elucidated. In recent years, the abnormal opening up of the mPTP has been implicated in the development and pathogenesis of diverse diseases including ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI), neurodegenerative disorders, tumors, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This review provides a systematic introduction to the possible molecular makeup of the mPTP and summarizes the mitochondrial dysfunction-correlated diseases and highlights possible underlying mechanisms. Since the mPTP is an important target in mitochondrial dysfunction, this review also summarizes potential treatments, which may be used to inhibit pore opening up via the molecules composing mPTP complexes, thus suppressing the progression of mitochondrial dysfunction-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Cui
- School of Life Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong Province, China
| | - Mingyue Pan
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Luohu People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jing Ma
- The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xinhua Song
- School of Life Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong Province, China
| | - Weiling Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Luohu People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Luohu People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China.
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76
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Dominguez LJ, Veronese N, Barbagallo M. Magnesium and Hypertension in Old Age. Nutrients 2020; 13:E139. [PMID: 33396570 PMCID: PMC7823889 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a complex condition in which various actors and mechanisms combine, resulting in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications that today represent the most frequent causes of mortality, morbidity, disability, and health expenses worldwide. In recent decades, there has been an exceptional number of experimental, epidemiological, and clinical studies confirming a close relationship between magnesium deficit and high blood pressure. Multiple mechanisms may help to explain the bulk of evidence supporting a protective effect of magnesium against hypertension and its complications. Hypertension increases sharply with advancing age, hence older persons are those most affected by its negative consequences. They are also more frequently at risk of magnesium deficiency by multiple mechanisms, which may, at least in part, explain the higher frequency of hypertension and its long-term complications. The evidence for a favorable effect of magnesium on hypertension risk emphasizes the importance of broadly encouraging the intake of foods such as vegetables, nuts, whole cereals and legumes, optimal dietary sources of magnesium, and avoiding processed foods, which are very poor in magnesium and other fundamental nutrients, in order to prevent hypertension. In some cases, when diet is not enough to maintain an adequate magnesium status, magnesium supplementation may be of benefit and has been shown to be well tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mario Barbagallo
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy; (L.J.D.); (N.V.)
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77
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Amodeo GF, Pavlov EV. Amyloid β, α-synuclein and the c subunit of the ATP synthase: Can these peptides reveal an amyloidogenic pathway of the permeability transition pore? BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1863:183531. [PMID: 33309700 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial Permeability Transition (PT) is a phenomenon of increased permeability of the inner mitochondrial membrane in response to high levels of Ca2+ and/or reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the matrix. PT occurs upon the opening of a pore, namely the permeability transition pore (PTP), which dissipates the membrane potential uncoupling the respiratory chain. mPT activation and PTP formation can occur through multiple molecular pathways. The specific focus of this review is to discuss the possible molecular mechanisms of PTP that involve the participation of mitochondrially targeted amyloid peptides Aβ, α-synuclein and c subunit of the ATP synthase (ATPase). As activators of PTP, amyloid peptides are uniquely different from other activators because they are capable of forming channels in lipid bilayers. This property rises the possibility that in this permeabilization pathway the formation of the channel involves the direct participation of peptides, making it uniquely different from other PTP induction mechanisms. In this pathway, a critical step of PTP activation involves the import of amyloidogenic peptides from the cytosol into the matrix. In the matrix these peptides, which would fold into α-helical structure in native conditions, interact with cyclophilin D (CypD) and upon stimulation by elevated ROS and/or the Ca2+ spontaneously misfold into β-sheet ion conducting pores, causing PTP opening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe F Amodeo
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University, United States of America.
| | - Evgeny V Pavlov
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University, United States of America.
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Park JH, Kwak BJ, Choi HJ, Kim OH, Hong HE, Lee SC, Kim KH, You YK, Lee TY, Ahn J, Kim SJ. PGC-1α is downregulated in a mouse model of obstructive cholestasis but not in a model of liver fibrosis. FEBS Open Bio 2020; 11:61-74. [PMID: 32860664 PMCID: PMC7780111 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have indicated that cholestatic liver damage involves mitochondria dysfunction. However, the precise mechanism by which hydrophobic bile salts cause mitochondrial dysfunction is not clear. In this study, we intended to determine the pathogenesis of cholestatic liver injury associated with peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ co‐activator 1α (PGC‐1α). A mouse model of cholestatic liver disease was generated by surgical ligation of the bile duct (BDL), and a mouse model of fibrosis was developed through serial administration of thioacetamide. After obtaining liver specimens on scheduled days, we compared the expression of the antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase 2 [SOD2], catalase, and glutathione peroxidase‐1[GPx‐1]) and PGC‐1α in livers from mice with fibrosis and cholestasis using western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence. We found that cholestatic livers exhibit lower expression of antioxidant enzymes, such as SOD2, catalase, and PGC‐1α. In contrast, fibrotic livers exhibit higher expression of antioxidant enzymes and PGC‐1α. In addition, cholestatic livers exhibited significantly lower expression of pro‐apoptotic markers (Bax) as compared to fibrotic livers. It is well known that overexpression of PGC‐1α increases mitochondrial antioxidant enzyme expression, and vice versa. Thus, we concluded that obstructive cholestasis decreases expression of PGC‐1α, which may lead to decreased expression of mitochondrial antioxidant enzymes, thereby rendering mice with cholestatic livers vulnerable to ROS‐induced cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Hyun Park
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bong Jun Kwak
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon, Korea
| | - Ho Joong Choi
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ok-Hee Kim
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Catholic Central Laboratory of Surgery, Institute of Biomedical Industry, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ha-Eun Hong
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Catholic Central Laboratory of Surgery, Institute of Biomedical Industry, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Chul Lee
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, the Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Kee-Hwan Kim
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, the Catholic University of Korea, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Young Kyoung You
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Yun Lee
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joseph Ahn
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Say-June Kim
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Catholic Central Laboratory of Surgery, Institute of Biomedical Industry, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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79
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Li A, Yi J, Li X, Zhou J. Physiological Ca 2+ Transients Versus Pathological Steady-State Ca 2+ Elevation, Who Flips the ROS Coin in Skeletal Muscle Mitochondria. Front Physiol 2020; 11:595800. [PMID: 33192612 PMCID: PMC7642813 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.595800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are both the primary provider of ATP and the pivotal regulator of cell death, which are essential for physiological muscle activities. Ca2+ plays a multifaceted role in mitochondrial function. During muscle contraction, Ca2+ influx into mitochondria activates multiple enzymes related to tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and oxidative phosphorylation, resulting in increased ATP synthesis to meet the energy demand. Pathophysiological conditions such as skeletal muscle denervation or unloading also lead to elevated Ca2+ levels inside mitochondria. However, the outcomes of this steady-state elevation of mitochondrial Ca2+ level include exacerbated reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, sensitized opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP), induction of programmed cell death, and ultimately muscle atrophy. Previously, both acute and long-term endurance exercises have been reported to activate certain signaling pathways to counteract ROS production. Meanwhile, electrical stimulation is known to help prevent apoptosis and alleviate muscle atrophy in denervated animal models and patients with motor impairment. There are various mechanistic studies that focus on the excitation-transcription coupling framework to understand the beneficial role of exercise and electrical stimulation. Interestingly, a recent study has revealed an unexpected role of rapid mitochondrial Ca2+ transients in keeping mPTP at a closed state with reduced mitochondrial ROS production. This discovery motivated us to contribute this review article to inspire further discussion about the potential mechanisms underlying differential outcomes of physiological mitochondrial Ca2+ transients and pathological mitochondrial Ca2+ elevation in skeletal muscle ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ang Li
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Nursing and Health Innovation, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| | - Jianxun Yi
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Nursing and Health Innovation, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| | - Xuejun Li
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Nursing and Health Innovation, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| | - Jingsong Zhou
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Nursing and Health Innovation, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
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80
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Lina TT, Johnson SJ, Wagner RD. Intravaginal poly-(D, L-lactic-co-glycolic acid)-(polyethylene glycol) drug-delivery nanoparticles induce pro-inflammatory responses with Candida albicans infection in a mouse model. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240789. [PMID: 33091017 PMCID: PMC7580924 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In a recent study, using an in vitro model to study intravaginal nanoparticle exposure during yeast infections, we demonstrated that C. albicans exposure suppressed apoptotic gene expression and induced oxidative stress and pyroptosis in vaginal epithelial cells. The mucous-penetrating drug delivery nanoparticles made from poly-(D, L-lactic-co-glycolic acid)-(polyethylene glycol) induced cytotoxicity by activating apoptosis, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, oxidative stress, and DNA damage repair responses alone and, in some cases with C. albicans. In the current study we evaluated the effects of fluorescently-labelled nanoparticles in CBA/J mice challenged intravaginally for two hours followed by intravaginal challenge with C. albicans for 18 hours. Nanoparticle treatment increased systemic translocation of C. albicans threefold in the heart. C. albicans also increased systemic distribution of the nanoparticles fivefold in the heart. Flow cytometric assays showed co-localization of the nanoparticles with epithelial cells, macrophages and dendritic cells. Nanoparticle-treated, C. albicans-infected mice exhibited induction of autophagy, ER stress, apoptosis, and inflammatory serum cytokines. C. albicans infection was associated with pyroptosis and suppressed expression of ER stress and apoptosis-related genes. Induction of apoptosis during nanoparticle treatment and in nanoparticle-treated-C. albicans infected mice was observed as DNA damage responses, mitochondrial depolarization and (Poly [ADP-Ribose] Polymerase) cleavage. C. albicans infection was associated with increased mRNA expression of anti-apoptotic genes. Both C. albicans infection and nanoparticle treatment showed enhanced chemoattraction of dendritic cells and polymorphonuclear cells to factors in vaginal washings in a chemotaxis assay. This study shows that both intravaginal treatment of mice with the nanoparticles and infection with C. albicans induce cytotoxic and inflammatory responses. C. albicans also suppressed cell apoptosis. These results clarify our understanding of how nanoparticles modulate host cellular responses during C. albicans infection and will be applicable for future research and development of intravaginal nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taslima T. Lina
- Microbiology Division, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. FDA, Jefferson, Arkansas, United States of America
- Office of Regulatory and Risk Management, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. FDA, Jefferson, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Shemedia J. Johnson
- Microbiology Division, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. FDA, Jefferson, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - R. Doug Wagner
- Microbiology Division, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. FDA, Jefferson, Arkansas, United States of America
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81
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Chen J, Guan L, Zou M, He S, Li D, Chi W. Specific cyprinid HIF isoforms contribute to cellular mitochondrial regulation. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17246. [PMID: 33057104 PMCID: PMC7560723 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74210-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) functions as a master regulator of the cellular response to hypoxic stress. Two HIF-1α paralogs, HIF-1αA and HIF-1αB, were generated in euteleosts by the specific, third round of genome duplication, but one paralog was later lost in most families with the exception of cyprinid fish. How these duplicates function in mitochondrial regulation and whether their preservation contributes to the hypoxia tolerance demonstrated by cyprinid fish in freshwater environments is not clear. Here we demonstrated the divergent function of these two zebrafish Hif-1a paralogs through cellular approaches. The results showed that Hif-1aa played a role in tricarboxylic acid cycle by increasing the expression of Citrate synthase and the activity of mitochondrial complex II, and it also enhanced mitochondrial membrane potential and ROS production by reducing free Ca2+ in the cytosol. Hif-1ab promoted intracellular ATP content by up-regulating the activity of mitochondrial complexes I, III and IV and the expression of related genes. Furthermore, both the two zebrafish Hif-1a paralogs promoted mitochondrial mass and the expression level of mtDNA, contributing to mitochondrial biogenesis. Our study reveals the divergent functions of Hif-1aa and Hif-1ab in cellular mitochondrial regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- College of Fisheries, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Aquaculture Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Wuhan, China
| | - Lihong Guan
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Ming Zou
- College of Fisheries, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Aquaculture Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Wuhan, China
| | - Shunping He
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Dapeng Li
- College of Fisheries, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Aquaculture Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Chi
- College of Fisheries, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Aquaculture Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China. .,Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Wuhan, China.
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82
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Ammer LM, Vollmann-Zwerenz A, Ruf V, Wetzel CH, Riemenschneider MJ, Albert NL, Beckhove P, Hau P. The Role of Translocator Protein TSPO in Hallmarks of Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12102973. [PMID: 33066460 PMCID: PMC7602186 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The translocator protein (TSPO) has been under extensive investigation as a specific marker in positron emission tomography (PET) to visualize brain lesions following injury or disease. In recent years, TSPO is increasingly appreciated as a potential novel therapeutic target in cancer. In Glioblastoma (GBM), the most malignant primary brain tumor, TSPO expression levels are strongly elevated and scientific evidence accumulates, hinting at a pivotal role of TSPO in tumorigenesis and glioma progression. The aim of this review is to summarize the current literature on TSPO with respect to its role both in diagnostics and especially with regard to the critical hallmarks of cancer postulated by Hanahan and Weinberg. Overall, our review contributes to a better understanding of the functional significance of TSPO in Glioblastoma and draws attention to TSPO as a potential modulator of treatment response and thus an important factor that may influence the clinical outcome of GBM. Abstract Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most fatal primary brain cancer in adults. Despite extensive treatment, tumors inevitably recur, leading to an average survival time shorter than 1.5 years. The 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO) is abundantly expressed throughout the body including the central nervous system. The expression of TSPO increases in states of inflammation and brain injury due to microglia activation. Not least due to its location in the outer mitochondrial membrane, TSPO has been implicated with a broad spectrum of functions. These include the regulation of proliferation, apoptosis, migration, as well as mitochondrial functions such as mitochondrial respiration and oxidative stress regulation. TSPO is frequently overexpressed in GBM. Its expression level has been positively correlated to WHO grade, glioma cell proliferation, and poor prognosis of patients. Several lines of evidence indicate that TSPO plays a functional part in glioma hallmark features such as resistance to apoptosis, invasiveness, and proliferation. This review provides a critical overview of how TSPO could regulate several aspects of tumorigenesis in GBM, particularly in the context of the hallmarks of cancer proposed by Hanahan and Weinberg in 2011.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura-Marie Ammer
- Wilhelm Sander-NeuroOncology Unit and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (L.-M.A.); (A.V.-Z.)
| | - Arabel Vollmann-Zwerenz
- Wilhelm Sander-NeuroOncology Unit and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (L.-M.A.); (A.V.-Z.)
| | - Viktoria Ruf
- Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany;
| | - Christian H. Wetzel
- Molecular Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany;
| | | | - Nathalie L. Albert
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany;
| | - Philipp Beckhove
- Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology (RCI) and Department Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany;
| | - Peter Hau
- Wilhelm Sander-NeuroOncology Unit and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (L.-M.A.); (A.V.-Z.)
- Correspondence:
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83
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Koushi M, Aoyama Y, Kamei Y, Asakai R. Bisindolylpyrrole triggers transient mitochondrial permeability transitions to cause apoptosis in a VDAC1/2 and cyclophilin D-dependent manner via the ANT-associated pore. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16751. [PMID: 33046783 PMCID: PMC7552391 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73667-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bisindolylpyrrole at 0.1 μM is cytoprotective in 2% FBS that is counteracted by cyclosporin-A (CsA), an inhibitor of cyclophilin-D (CypD). We hypothesized that the cytoprotective effect might be due to transient mitochondrial permeability transition (tPT). This study tested the hypothesis that bisindolylpyrrole can trigger tPT extensively, thereby leading to cell death under certain conditions. Indeed, CsA-sensitive tPT-mediated apoptosis could be induced by bisindolylpyrrole at > 5 μM in HeLa cells cultured in 0.1% FBS, depending on CypD and VDAC1/2, as shown by siRNA knockdown experiments. Rat liver mitochondria also underwent swelling in response to bisindolylpyrrole, which proceeded at a slower rate than Ca2+-induced swelling, and which was blocked by the VDAC inhibitor tubulin and the ANT inhibitor bongkrekate, indicating the involvement of the ANT-associated, smaller pore. We examined why 0.1% FBS is a prerequisite for apoptosis and found that apoptosis is blocked by PKC activation, which is counteracted by the overexpressed defective PKCε. In mitochondrial suspensions, bisindolylpyrrole triggered CsA-sensitive swelling, which was suppressed selectively by pretreatment with PKCε, but not in the co-presence of tubulin. These data suggest that upon PKC inactivation the cytoprotective compound bisindolylpyrrole can induce prolonged tPT causing apoptosis in a CypD-dependent manner through the VDAC1/2-regulated ANT-associated pore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masami Koushi
- Department of Morphophysiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai International University, 1 Gumyo, Togane, Chiba, 283-8555, Japan
| | - Yasunori Aoyama
- Department of Morphophysiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai International University, 1 Gumyo, Togane, Chiba, 283-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Kamei
- Department of Morphophysiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai International University, 1 Gumyo, Togane, Chiba, 283-8555, Japan
| | - Rei Asakai
- Department of Morphophysiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai International University, 1 Gumyo, Togane, Chiba, 283-8555, Japan.
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84
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Neginskaya MA, Strubbe JO, Amodeo GF, West BA, Yakar S, Bazil JN, Pavlov EV. The very low number of calcium-induced permeability transition pores in the single mitochondrion. J Gen Physiol 2020; 152:e202012631. [PMID: 32810269 PMCID: PMC7537349 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202012631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial permeability transition (PT) is a phenomenon of stress-induced increase in nonspecific permeability of the mitochondrial inner membrane that leads to disruption of oxidative phosphorylation and cell death. Quantitative measurement of the membrane permeability increase during PT is critically important for understanding the PT's impact on mitochondrial function. The elementary unit of PT is a PT pore (PTP), a single channel presumably formed by either ATP synthase or adenine nucleotide translocator (ANT). It is not known how many channels are open in a single mitochondrion during PT, which makes it difficult to quantitatively estimate the overall degree of membrane permeability. Here, we used wide-field microscopy to record mitochondrial swelling and quantitatively measure rates of single-mitochondrion volume increase during PT-induced high-amplitude swelling. PT was quantified by calculating the rates of water flux responsible for measured volume changes. The total water flux through the mitochondrial membrane of a single mitochondrion during PT was in the range of (2.5 ± 0.4) × 10-17 kg/s for swelling in 2 mM Ca2+ and (1.1 ± 0.2) × 10-17 kg/s for swelling in 200 µM Ca2+. Under these experimental conditions, a single PTP channel with ionic conductance of 1.5 nS could allow passage of water at the rate of 0.65 × 10-17 kg/s. Thus, we estimate the integral ionic conductance of the whole mitochondrion during PT to be 5.9 ± 0.9 nS for 2 mM concentration of Ca2+ and 2.6 ± 0.4 nS for 200 µM of Ca2+. The number of PTPs per mitochondrion ranged from one to nine. Due to the uncertainties in PTP structure and model parameters, PTP count results may be slightly underestimated. However, taking into account that each mitochondrion has ∼15,000 copies of ATP synthases and ANTs, our data imply that PTP activation is a rare event that occurs only in a small subpopulation of these proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A. Neginskaya
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY
| | - Jasiel O. Strubbe
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | - Giuseppe F. Amodeo
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY
| | - Benjamin A. West
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | - Shoshana Yakar
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY
| | - Jason N. Bazil
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | - Evgeny V. Pavlov
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY
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85
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Liu M, Dudley SC. Magnesium, Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Cardiovascular Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E907. [PMID: 32977544 PMCID: PMC7598282 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9100907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypomagnesemia is commonly observed in heart failure, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases. Low serum magnesium (Mg) is a predictor for cardiovascular and all-cause mortality and treating Mg deficiency may help prevent cardiovascular disease. In this review, we discuss the possible mechanisms by which Mg deficiency plays detrimental roles in cardiovascular diseases and review the results of clinical trials of Mg supplementation for heart failure, arrhythmias and other cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Liu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, the Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota at Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Samuel C. Dudley
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, the Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota at Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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86
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Algieri V, Algieri C, Maiuolo L, De Nino A, Pagliarani A, Tallarida MA, Trombetti F, Nesci S. 1,5-Disubstituted-1,2,3-triazoles as inhibitors of the mitochondrial Ca 2+ -activated F 1 F O -ATP(hydrol)ase and the permeability transition pore. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2020; 1485:43-55. [PMID: 32959908 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP), a high-conductance channel triggered by a sudden Ca2+ concentration increase, is composed of the F1 FO -ATPase. Since mPTP opening leads to mitochondrial dysfunction, which is a feature of many diseases, a great pharmacological challenge is to find mPTP modulators. In our study, the effects of two 1,5-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazole derivatives, five-membered heterocycles with three nitrogen atoms in the ring and capable of forming secondary interactions with proteins, were investigated. Compounds 3a and 3b were selected among a wide range of structurally related compounds because of their chemical properties and effectiveness in preliminary studies. In swine heart mitochondria, both compounds inhibit Ca2+ -activated F1 FO -ATPase without affecting F-ATPase activity sustained by the natural cofactor Mg2+ . The inhibition is mutually exclusive, probably because of their shared enzyme site, and uncompetitive with respect to the ATP substrate, since they only bind to the enzyme-ATP complex. Both compounds show the same inhibition constant (K'i ), but compound 3a has a doubled inactivation rate constant compared with compound 3b. Moreover, both compounds desensitize mPTP opening without altering mitochondrial respiration. The results strengthen the link between Ca2+ -activated F1 FO -ATPase and mPTP and suggest that these inhibitors can be pharmacologically exploited to counteract mPTP-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Algieri
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Cristina Algieri
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Italy
| | - Loredana Maiuolo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Antonio De Nino
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pagliarani
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Italy
| | | | - Fabiana Trombetti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Italy
| | - Salvatore Nesci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Italy
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87
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Miranda CA, Guimarães ARDJS, Bizerra PFV, Mingatto FE. Diazinon impairs bioenergetics and induces membrane permeability transition on mitochondria isolated from rat liver. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2020; 83:616-629. [PMID: 32787525 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2020.1805078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Diazinon (DZN) is a broad-spectrum insecticide extensively used to control pests in crops and animals. Several investigators demonstrated that DZN produced tissue toxicity especially to the liver. In addition, the mitochondrion was implicated in DZN-induced toxicity, but the precise role of this organelle remains to be determined. The aim of this study was thus to examine the effects of DZN (50 to 150 μM) on the bioenergetics and mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) associated processes in isolated rat liver mitochondria. DZN inhibited state-3 respiration in mitochondria energized with glutamate plus malate, substrates of complex I, and succinate, substrate of complex II of the respiratory chain and decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential resulting in inhibition of ATP synthesis. MPT was estimated by the extent of mitochondrial swelling, in the presence of 10 µM Ca2+. DZN elicited MPT in a concentration-dependent manner, via a mechanism sensitive to cyclosporine A, EGTA, ruthenium red and N-ethylmaleimide, which was associated with mitochondrial Ca2+ efflux and cytochrome c release. DZN did not result in hydrogen peroxide accumulation or glutathione oxidation, but this insecticide oxidized endogenous NAD(P)H and protein thiol groups. Data suggest the involvement of mitochondria, via apoptosis, in the hepatic cytotoxicity attributed to DZN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Araújo Miranda
- Department of Animal Production, College of Agricultural and Technological Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp) , Dracena, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo Francisco Veiga Bizerra
- Department of Animal Production, College of Agricultural and Technological Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp) , Dracena, Brazil
| | - Fábio Erminio Mingatto
- Department of Animal Production, College of Agricultural and Technological Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp) , Dracena, Brazil
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88
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Jang YK, Chung TY, Shin YJ. Effect of Cyclosporine A-induced Senescence on Cultured Human Corneal Endothelial Cells. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN OPHTHALMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 2020. [DOI: 10.3341/jkos.2020.61.9.999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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89
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Belosludtsev KN, Belosludtseva NV, Dubinin MV. Diabetes Mellitus, Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Ca 2+-Dependent Permeability Transition Pore. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186559. [PMID: 32911736 PMCID: PMC7555889 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common metabolic diseases in the developed world, and is associated either with the impaired secretion of insulin or with the resistance of cells to the actions of this hormone (type I and type II diabetes, respectively). In both cases, a common pathological change is an increase in blood glucose—hyperglycemia, which eventually can lead to serious damage to the organs and tissues of the organism. Mitochondria are one of the main targets of diabetes at the intracellular level. This review is dedicated to the analysis of recent data regarding the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the development of diabetes mellitus. Specific areas of focus include the involvement of mitochondrial calcium transport systems and a pathophysiological phenomenon called the permeability transition pore in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus. The important contribution of these systems and their potential relevance as therapeutic targets in the pathology are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin N. Belosludtsev
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell Biology and Microbiology, Mari State University, pl. Lenina 1, 424001 Yoshkar-Ola, Mari El, Russia; (N.V.B.); (M.V.D.)
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Transport, Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya 3, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-929-913-8910
| | - Natalia V. Belosludtseva
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell Biology and Microbiology, Mari State University, pl. Lenina 1, 424001 Yoshkar-Ola, Mari El, Russia; (N.V.B.); (M.V.D.)
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Transport, Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya 3, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Mikhail V. Dubinin
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell Biology and Microbiology, Mari State University, pl. Lenina 1, 424001 Yoshkar-Ola, Mari El, Russia; (N.V.B.); (M.V.D.)
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90
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Peruzzo R, Mattarei A, Azzolini M, Becker-Flegler KA, Romio M, Rigoni G, Carrer A, Biasutto L, Parrasia S, Kadow S, Managò A, Urbani A, Rossa A, Semenzato G, Soriano ME, Trentin L, Ahmad S, Edwards M, Gulbins E, Paradisi C, Zoratti M, Leanza L, Szabò I. Insight into the mechanism of cytotoxicity of membrane-permeant psoralenic Kv1.3 channel inhibitors by chemical dissection of a novel member of the family. Redox Biol 2020; 37:101705. [PMID: 33007503 PMCID: PMC7527709 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The potassium channel Kv1.3, involved in several important pathologies, is the target of a family of psoralen-based drugs whose mechanism of action is not fully understood. Here we provide evidence for a physical interaction of the mitochondria-located Kv1.3 (mtKv1.3) and Complex I of the respiratory chain and show that this proximity underlies the death-inducing ability of psoralenic Kv1.3 inhibitors. The effects of PAP-1-MHEG (PAP-1, a Kv1.3 inhibitor, with six monomeric ethylene glycol units attached to the phenyl ring of PAP-1), a more soluble novel derivative of PAP-1 and of its various portions on mitochondrial physiology indicate that the psoralenic moiety of PAP-1 bound to mtKv1.3 facilitates the diversion of electrons from Complex I to molecular oxygen. The resulting massive production of toxic Reactive Oxygen Species leads to death of cancer cells expressing Kv1.3. In vivo, PAP-1-MHEG significantly decreased melanoma volume. In summary, PAP-1-MHEG offers insights into the mechanisms of cytotoxicity of this family of compounds and may represent a valuable clinical tool. The mitochondrial channel mitoKv1.3 is a promising pharmacological target. MitoKv1.3 interacts with Complex I of the respiratory chain. Psoralenic inhibitors of Kv1.3 facilitate the diversion of e− from complex I to O2. A novel psoralenic Kv1.3 inhibitor with increased solubility reduces melanoma volume.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Mattarei
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Italy
| | | | | | - Matteo Romio
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padua, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Carrer
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Italy
| | - Lucia Biasutto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Italy; CNR Institute of Neuroscience, Padua, Italy
| | - Sofia Parrasia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Italy
| | - Stephanie Kadow
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | | | - Andrea Urbani
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Italy
| | - Andrea Rossa
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padua, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Syed Ahmad
- Department of Surgery, Medical School, University of Cincinnati, USA
| | - Michael Edwards
- Department of Surgery, Medical School, University of Cincinnati, USA
| | - Erich Gulbins
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | | | - Mario Zoratti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Italy; CNR Institute of Neuroscience, Padua, Italy
| | - Luigi Leanza
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Italy
| | - Ildikò Szabò
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Italy; CNR Institute of Neuroscience, Padua, Italy.
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91
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Itaconic acid impairs the mitochondrial function by the inhibition of complexes II and IV and induction of the permeability transition pore opening in rat liver mitochondria. Biochimie 2020; 176:150-157. [PMID: 32721502 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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92
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Olanlokun JO, Olotu FA, Idowu OT, Agoni C, David MO, Soliman M, Olorunsogo OO. In vitro, in silico studies of newly isolated tetrahydro-4-(7-hydroxy-10-methoxy-6, 14-dimethyl-15-m-tolylpentadec-13-enyl) pyran-2-one and isobutyryl acetate compounds from Alstonia boonei stem bark. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.128225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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93
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Novel Therapeutic Approaches of Ion Channels and Transporters in Cancer. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 183:45-101. [PMID: 32715321 DOI: 10.1007/112_2020_28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The expression and function of many ion channels and transporters in cancer cells display major differences in comparison to those from healthy cells. These differences provide the cancer cells with advantages for tumor development. Accordingly, targeting ion channels and transporters have beneficial anticancer effects including inhibition of cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion, metastasis, tumor vascularization, and chemotherapy resistance, as well as promoting apoptosis. Some of the molecular mechanisms associating ion channels and transporters with cancer include the participation of oxidative stress, immune response, metabolic pathways, drug synergism, as well as noncanonical functions of ion channels. This diversity of mechanisms offers an exciting possibility to suggest novel and more effective therapeutic approaches to fight cancer. Here, we review and discuss most of the current knowledge suggesting novel therapeutic approaches for cancer therapy targeting ion channels and transporters. The role and regulation of ion channels and transporters in cancer provide a plethora of exceptional opportunities in drug design, as well as novel and promising therapeutic approaches that may be used for the benefit of cancer patients.
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94
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Minireview Exploring the Biological Cycle of Vitamin B3 and Its Influence on Oxidative Stress: Further Molecular and Clinical Aspects. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25153323. [PMID: 32707945 PMCID: PMC7436124 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25153323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin B3, or niacin, is one of the most important compounds of the B-vitamin complex. Recent reports have demonstrated the involvement of vitamin B3 in a number of pivotal functions which ensure that homeostasis is maintained. In addition, the intriguing nature of its synthesis and the underlying mechanism of action of vitamin B3 have encouraged further studies aimed at deepening our understanding of the close link between the exogenous supply of B3 and how it activates dependent enzymes. This crucial role can be attributed to the gut microflora and its ability to shape human behavior and development by mediating the bioavailability of metabolites. Recent studies have indicated a possible interconnection between the novel coronavirus and commensal bacteria. As such, we have attempted to explain how the gastrointestinal deficiencies displayed by SARS-CoV-2-infected patients arise. It seems that the stimulation of a proinflammatory cascade and the production of large amounts of reactive oxygen species culminates in the subsequent loss of host eubiosis. Studies of the relationhip between ROS, SARS-CoV-2, and gut flora are sparse in the current literature. As an integrated component, oxidative stress (OS) has been found to negatively influence host eubiosis, in vitro fertilization outcomes, and oocyte quality, but to act as a sentinel against infections. In conclusion, research suggests that in the future, a healthy diet may be considered a reliable tool for maintaining and optimizing our key internal parameters.
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95
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Mnatsakanyan N, Jonas EA. The new role of F 1F o ATP synthase in mitochondria-mediated neurodegeneration and neuroprotection. Exp Neurol 2020; 332:113400. [PMID: 32653453 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondrial F1Fo ATP synthase is one of the most abundant proteins of the mitochondrial inner membrane, which catalyzes the final step of oxidative phosphorylation to synthesize ATP from ADP and Pi. ATP synthase uses the electrochemical gradient of protons (ΔμH+) across the mitochondrial inner membrane to synthesize ATP. Under certain pathophysiological conditions, ATP synthase can run in reverse to hydrolyze ATP and build the necessary ΔμH+ across the mitochondrial inner membrane. Tight coupling between these two processes, proton translocation and ATP synthesis, is achieved by the unique rotational mechanism of ATP synthase and is necessary for efficient cellular metabolism and cell survival. The uncoupling of these processes, dissipation of mitochondrial inner membrane potential, elevated levels of ROS, low matrix content of ATP in combination with other cellular malfunction trigger the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore in the mitochondrial inner membrane. In this review we will discuss the new role of ATP synthase beyond oxidative phosphorylation. We will highlight its function as a unique regulator of cell life and death and as a key target in mitochondria-mediated neurodegeneration and neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelli Mnatsakanyan
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Elizabeth Ann Jonas
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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96
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Wang Y, Su W, Mai Z, Du M, Yu S, Liu Y, Wang X, Chen T. Co-expression of Mcl-1 and Bak induces mitochondrial swelling. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 527:866-873. [PMID: 32430171 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.04.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
We here used fluorescence imaging to explore the effect of co-overexpression of Mcl-1 and Bak/BH3-only proteins on mitochondrial morphology. The cells co-expressing CFP-Mcl-1 and YFP-Bak/BimL/Puma/tBid showed co-localization of Mcl-1 with Bak/Puma/BimL/tBid and also showed the inhibitory action of Mcl-1 on the Bak-, BimL-, Puma- or tBid-mediated cell death. Co-expression of Mcl-1 and Bak but not BH3-only proteins induced time-dependent mitochondrial swelling. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) imaging proved the direct binding of Mcl-1 to Bak, BimL, Puma and tBid, respectively. In addition, Mcl-1 prevented Bak oligomerization by retrotranslocating Bak from mitochondria into cytoplasm. Moreover, Mcl-1-Bak complex exhibited a good co-localization with mitochondria, and co-expression of Mcl-1 and Bak for more than 24 h not only induced mitochondrial swelling but also impaired mitochondrial membrane potential. Collectively, co-expression of Mcl-1 and Bak but not BH3-only proteins significantly induced mitochondrial swelling and subsequent loss of mitochondrial membrane potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Wenhua Su
- MOE Key Laboratory & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Zihao Mai
- MOE Key Laboratory & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Mengyan Du
- MOE Key Laboratory & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Si Yu
- MOE Key Laboratory & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Yangpei Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Xiaopin Wang
- Department of Pain Management, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Tongshen Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
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97
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Mnatsakanyan N, Jonas EA. ATP synthase c-subunit ring as the channel of mitochondrial permeability transition: Regulator of metabolism in development and degeneration. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2020; 144:109-118. [PMID: 32461058 PMCID: PMC7877492 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2020.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) or mitochondrial megachannel is arguably one of the most mysterious phenomena in biology today. mPTP has been at the center of ongoing extensive scientific research for the last several decades. In this review we will discuss recent advances in the field that enhance our understanding of the molecular composition of mPTP, its regulatory mechanisms and its pathophysiological role. We will describe our recent findings on the role of ATP synthase c-subunit ring as a central player in mitochondrial permeability transition and as an important metabolic regulator during development and in degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelli Mnatsakanyan
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Elizabeth Ann Jonas
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
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98
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Chen HI, Hu WS, Hung MY, Ou HC, Huang SH, Hsu PT, Day CH, Lin KH, Viswanadha VP, Kuo WW, Huang CY. Protective effects of luteolin against oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in endothelial cells. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2020; 30:1032-1043. [PMID: 32402583 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Luteolin is a common flavonoid that is abundantly present in various edible plants, it is known to exhibit beneficial effects on cardiovascular system. However, the mechanisms which underlie the protective effects of luteolin on endothelial cell damage caused by oxidative stress remains unclear. The purpose of this study is to test the hypothesis which states that luteolin protects against H2O2-induced oxidative stress via modulating ROS-mediated P38 MAPK/NF-κB and calcium-evoked mitochondrial apoptotic signalling pathways. METHODS AND RESULTS Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were pretreated with luteolin prior to being stimulated by 600 μM H2O2 for another 24 h. The expression of native and phosphorylated-P38, IκB, NF-κB, native eNOS, phosphorylated-eNOS, iNOS and several apoptosis-related proteins were analyzed by Western blot. In addition, intracellular calcium was determined by fura-2 AM and mitochondrial membrane potential was examined by using JC1. Using the data gathered, we found indications that H2O2 induced P38 MAPK/NF-κB activation. H2O2 downregulated the expression of eNOS and upregulated iNOS, which in turn contribute to an elevated NO generation and protein nitrosylation. However, pretreatment with luteolin markedly reversed all of these alterations dose-dependently. Additionally, an intracellular calcium rise and subsequent mitochondrial membrane potential collapse, P53 phosphorylation, reduced BcL-2/Bax ratio in the mitochondrial membrane, release cytochrome c from mitochondria, leading to the subsequent activation of caspase 3 activation by H2O2 were all markedly suppressed in the presence of luteolin. CONCLUSION Results from this study may provide the possible molecular mechanisms underlying cardiovascular protective effects of luteolin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiu-I Chen
- Department of Physical Therapy, Hungkuang University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Syun Hu
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Yu Hung
- Graduate Institute of Biomedicine, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Chung Ou
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Su-Hua Huang
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Tzu Hsu
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | - Kuan-Ho Lin
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan; Division of Emergency, Department of Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40447, Taiwan
| | - Vijaya P Viswanadha
- Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, India
| | - Wei-Wen Kuo
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedicine, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan; Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Diseases Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan; Center of General Education, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien, 970, Taiwan.
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99
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Bround MJ, Bers DM, Molkentin JD. A 20/20 view of ANT function in mitochondrial biology and necrotic cell death. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2020; 144:A3-A13. [PMID: 32454061 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2020.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The adenosine nucleotide translocase (ANT) family of proteins are inner mitochondrial membrane proteins involved in energy homeostasis and cell death. The primary function of ANT proteins is to exchange cytosolic ADP with matrix ATP, facilitating the export of newly synthesized ATP to the cell while providing new ADP substrate to the mitochondria. As such, the ANT proteins are central to maintaining energy homeostasis in all eukaryotic cells. Evidence also suggests that the ANTs constitute a pore-forming component of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP), a structure that forms in the inner mitochondrial membrane that is thought to underlie regulated necrotic cell death. Additionally, emerging studies suggest that ANT proteins are also critical for mitochondrial uncoupling and for promoting mitophagy. Thus, the ANTs are multifunctional proteins that are poised to participate in several aspects of mitochondrial biology and the greater regulation of cell death, which will be discussed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Bround
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Donald M Bers
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Jeffery D Molkentin
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
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100
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Noble M, Lin QT, Sirko C, Houpt JA, Novello MJ, Stathopulos PB. Structural Mechanisms of Store-Operated and Mitochondrial Calcium Regulation: Initiation Points for Drug Discovery. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3642. [PMID: 32455637 PMCID: PMC7279490 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) is a universal signaling ion that is essential for the life and death processes of all eukaryotes. In humans, numerous cell stimulation pathways lead to the mobilization of sarco/endoplasmic reticulum (S/ER) stored Ca2+, resulting in the propagation of Ca2+ signals through the activation of processes, such as store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE). SOCE provides a sustained Ca2+ entry into the cytosol; moreover, the uptake of SOCE-mediated Ca2+ by mitochondria can shape cytosolic Ca2+ signals, function as a feedback signal for the SOCE molecular machinery, and drive numerous mitochondrial processes, including adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production and distinct cell death pathways. In recent years, tremendous progress has been made in identifying the proteins mediating these signaling pathways and elucidating molecular structures, invaluable for understanding the underlying mechanisms of function. Nevertheless, there remains a disconnect between using this accumulating protein structural knowledge and the design of new research tools and therapies. In this review, we provide an overview of the Ca2+ signaling pathways that are involved in mediating S/ER stored Ca2+ release, SOCE, and mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake, as well as pinpoint multiple levels of crosstalk between these pathways. Further, we highlight the significant protein structures elucidated in recent years controlling these Ca2+ signaling pathways. Finally, we describe a simple strategy that aimed at applying the protein structural data to initiating drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Noble
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A5C1, Canada; (M.N.); (Q.-T.L.); (C.S.); (M.J.N.)
| | - Qi-Tong Lin
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A5C1, Canada; (M.N.); (Q.-T.L.); (C.S.); (M.J.N.)
| | - Christian Sirko
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A5C1, Canada; (M.N.); (Q.-T.L.); (C.S.); (M.J.N.)
| | - Jacob A. Houpt
- Department of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A5C1, Canada;
| | - Matthew J. Novello
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A5C1, Canada; (M.N.); (Q.-T.L.); (C.S.); (M.J.N.)
| | - Peter B. Stathopulos
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A5C1, Canada; (M.N.); (Q.-T.L.); (C.S.); (M.J.N.)
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