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Mogna-Peláez P, Romo-Hualde A, Riezu-Boj JI, Milagro FI, Muñoz-Prieto D, Herrero JI, Elorz M, Benito-Boillos A, Monreal JI, Tur JA, Martínez A, Abete I, Zulet MA. Isoliquiritigenin in combination with visceral adipose tissue and related markers as a predictive tool for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J Physiol Biochem 2023:10.1007/s13105-023-00998-6. [PMID: 37996653 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-023-00998-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent form of chronic liver disease in the world. New non-invasive diagnostic tools are needed to promptly treat this disease and avoid its complications. This study aimed to find key metabolites and related variables that could be used to predict and diagnose NAFLD. Ninety-eight subjects with NAFLD and 45 controls from the Fatty Liver in Obesity (FLiO) Study (NCT03183193) were analyzed. NAFLD was diagnosed and graded by ultrasound and classified into two groups: 0 (controls) and ≥ 1 (NAFLD). Hepatic status was additionally assessed through magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), elastography, and determination of transaminases. Anthropometry, body composition (DXA), biochemical parameters, and lifestyle factors were evaluated as well. Non-targeted metabolomics of serum was performed with high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-TOF-MS). Isoliquiritigenin (ISO) had the strongest association with NAFLD out of the determinant metabolites. Individuals with higher concentrations of ISO had healthier metabolic and hepatic status and were less likely to have NAFLD (OR 0.13). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves demonstrated the predictive power of ISO in panel combination with other NAFLD and IR-related variables, such as visceral adipose tissue (VAT) (AUROC 0.972), adiponectin (AUROC 0.917), plasmatic glucose (AUROC 0.817), and CK18-M30 (AUROC 0.810). Individuals with lower levels of ISO have from 71 to 82% more risk of presenting NAFLD compared to individuals with higher levels. Metabolites such as ISO, in combination with visceral adipose tissue, IR, and related markers, constitute a potential non-invasive tool to predict and diagnose NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Mogna-Peláez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology and Centre for Nutrition Research, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ana Romo-Hualde
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology and Centre for Nutrition Research, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - José I Riezu-Boj
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology and Centre for Nutrition Research, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Fermin I Milagro
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology and Centre for Nutrition Research, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008, Pamplona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Centre Network in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Muñoz-Prieto
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology and Centre for Nutrition Research, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - José I Herrero
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008, Pamplona, Spain
- Liver Unit, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Centre Network in Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBERehd), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariana Elorz
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008, Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Radiology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Alberto Benito-Boillos
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008, Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Radiology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - J Ignacio Monreal
- Clinical Chemistry Department, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Josep A Tur
- Biomedical Research Centre Network in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands, 07122, Palma, Spain
| | - Alfredo Martínez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology and Centre for Nutrition Research, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Itziar Abete
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology and Centre for Nutrition Research, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008, Pamplona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Centre Network in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Angeles Zulet
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology and Centre for Nutrition Research, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
- Biomedical Research Centre Network in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
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Pan Y, Zhang Y, Ouyang H, Gong T, Zhang Z, Cao X, Fu Y. Targeted Delivery of Celastrol via Chondroitin Sulfate Derived Hybrid Micelles for Alleviating Symptoms in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:4877-4893. [PMID: 37890075 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is caused by an accumulation of excess fat in the liver leading to oxidative stress and liver cell injury, as well as overproduction of inflammatory cytokines. CD44 has been identified as a potential therapeutic target in the development of NAFLD to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Here, chondroitin sulfate (CS) is selected to construct a CD44-targeted delivery system for the treatment of NAFLD. Specifically, two CS-derived amphiphilic materials including CS conjugated with either 4-aminophenylboronic acid pinacol ester (CS-PBE) or phenformin (CS-PFM) were synthesized, respectively. The presence of PBE moieties on CS-PBE rendered the vehicle with enhanced loading capacity and scavenging potential against reactive oxygen species, while the presence of guanidine moieties on CS-PFM enhanced the internalization of vehicles in the differentiated hepatocytes. Next, celastrol (CLT) was encapsulated in the hybrid micelle to afford CS-Hybrid/CLT, which demonstrates sufficient stability, enhanced cellular uptake efficiencies in differentiated HepG2 cells, and therapeutic potential to alleviate lipid accumulation in differentiated HepG2 cells. In a high-fat-diet-induced NAFLD rat model, CS-Hybrid/CLT micelles demonstrated the capacity to dramatically decrease hepatic lipid accumulation and free fatty acid levels with greatly improved pathologic liver histology and downregulated hepatic inflammation levels. These results suggest that CS-based amphiphilic micelles may offer a promising strategy to effectively deliver therapeutic cargos to the liver for the treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Pan
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yunxiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hongling Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Tao Gong
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhirong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xi Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
- Grade 3 Pharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory of State Administrate of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Yao Fu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Deng M, Wen Y, Yan J, Fan Y, Wang Z, Zhang R, Ren L, Ba Y, Wang H, Lu Q, Fan H. Comparative effectiveness of multiple different treatment regimens for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMC Med 2023; 21:447. [PMID: 37974258 PMCID: PMC10655371 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-03129-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are closely related and mutually contribute to the disease's development. There are many treatment options available to patients. We provide a comprehensive overview of the evidence on the treatment effects of several potential interventions for NAFLD with T2DM. METHODS This systematic review and network meta-analysis included searches of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science from inception to June 30, 2023, for randomised controlled trials of treatment of NAFLD with T2DM. We performed Bayesian network meta-analyses to summarise effect estimates of comparisons between interventions. We applied the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) frameworks to rate all comparative outcomes' certainty in effect estimates, categorise interventions, and present the findings. This study was registered with PROSPERO, CRD42022342373. RESULTS Four thousand three hundred and sixty-nine records were retrieved from the database and other methods, of which 24 records were eligible for studies enrolling 1589 participants. Eight clinical indicators and 14 interventions were finally in focus. Referring to the lower surface under the cumulative ranking curves (SUCRA) and the league matrix table, exenatide and liraglutide, which are also glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs), showed excellent potential to reduce liver fat content, control glycemia, reduce body weight, and improve liver function and insulin resistance. Exenatide was more effective in reducing glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) (mean difference (MD) 0.32, 95%CI 0.12 to 0.52), lowering BMI (MD 0.81, 95%CI 0.18 to 1.45), and lowering alanine transaminase (ALT) (MD 10.96, 95%CI 5.27 to 16.66) compared to liraglutide. However, this evidence was assessed as low certainty. Omega-3 was the only intervention that did not have a tendency to lower HbA1c, with standard-treatment (STA-TRE) as reference (MD - 0.17, 95%CI - 0.42 to 0.07). Glimepiride is the only intervention that causes an increase in ALT levels, with standard-treatment (STA-TRE) as reference (MD - 11.72, 95%CI - 17.82 to - 5.57). Based on the available evidence, the treatment effects of pioglitazone, dapagliflozin, and liraglutide have a high degree of confidence. CONCLUSIONS The high confidence mandates the confident application of these findings as guides for clinical practice. Dapagliflozin and pioglitazone are used for glycaemic control in patients with NAFLD combined with T2DM, and liraglutide is used for weight loss therapy in patients with abdominal obesity. The available evidence does not demonstrate the credibility of the effectiveness of other interventions in reducing liver fat content, visceral fat area, ALT, and insulin resistance. Future studies should focus on the clinical application of GLP-1Ras and the long-term prognosis of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjun Deng
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, Qinghai, China
- Qinghai Research Key Laboratory for Echinococcosis, Xining, 810000, Qinghai, China
| | - Yonghao Wen
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, Qinghai, China
| | - JingXin Yan
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, Qinghai, China
- Department of Interventional Therapy, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, Qinghai, China
| | - Yichen Fan
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, Qinghai, China
| | - Zhixin Wang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, Qinghai, China
- Qinghai Research Key Laboratory for Echinococcosis, Xining, 810000, Qinghai, China
| | - Ruixia Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, Qinghai, China
| | - Li Ren
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, Qinghai, China
- Qinghai Research Key Laboratory for Echinococcosis, Xining, 810000, Qinghai, China
| | - Yinggui Ba
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, Qinghai, China
| | - Haijiu Wang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, Qinghai, China
- Qinghai Research Key Laboratory for Echinococcosis, Xining, 810000, Qinghai, China
| | - Qian Lu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 102218, China.
| | - Haining Fan
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, Qinghai, China.
- Qinghai Research Key Laboratory for Echinococcosis, Xining, 810000, Qinghai, China.
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Kumari K, Tandon S, Ghosh S, Baligar P. Gelatin scaffold ameliorates proliferation & stem cell differentiation into the hepatic like cell and support liver regeneration in partial-hepatectomized mice model. Biomed Mater 2023; 18:065022. [PMID: 37860885 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ad04fd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell-based tissue engineering is an emerging tool for developing functional tissues of choice. To understand pluripotency and hepatic differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) on a three-dimensional (3D) scaffold, we established an efficient approach for generating hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) from hepatoblast cells. We developed porous and biodegradable scaffold, which was stimulated with exogenous growth factors and investigated stemness and differentiation capacity of mESCs into HLCs on the scaffoldin-vitro. In animal studies, we had cultured mESCs-derived hepatoblast-like cells on the scaffold and then, transplanted them into the partially hepatectomized C57BL/6 male mice model to evaluate the effect of gelatin scaffold on hepatic regeneration. The 3D culture system allowed maintenance of stemness properties in mESCs. The step-wise induction of mESCs with differentiation factors leads to the formation of HLCs and expressed liver-specific genes, including albumin, hepatocyte nucleic factor 4 alpha, and cytokeratin 18. In addition, cells also expressed Ki67, indicating cells are proliferating. The secretome showed expression of albumin, urea, creatinine, alanine transaminase, and aspartate aminotransferase. However, the volume of the excised liver which aids regeneration has not been studied. Our results indicate that hepatoblast cells on the scaffold implanted in PH mouse indicates that these cells efficiently differentiate into HLCs and cholangiocytes, forming hepatic lobules with central and portal veins, and bile duct-like structures with neovascularization. The gelatin scaffold provides an efficient microenvironment for liver differentiation and regeneration bothin-vitroandin-vivo. These hepatoblasts cells would be a valuable source for 3D liver tissue engineering/transplantation in liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kshama Kumari
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine & Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Sourabh Ghosh
- Regenerative Engineering Laboratory, Department of Textile and Fibre Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Prakash Baligar
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine & Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Li X, Yu M, Zhao Q, Yu Y. Prospective therapeutics for intestinal and hepatic fibrosis. Bioeng Transl Med 2023; 8:e10579. [PMID: 38023697 PMCID: PMC10658571 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, there are no effective therapies for intestinal and hepatic fibrosis representing a considerable unmet need. Breakthroughs in pathogenesis have accelerated the development of anti-fibrotic therapeutics in recent years. Particularly, with the development of nanotechnology, the harsh environment of the gastrointestinal tract and inaccessible microenvironment of fibrotic lesions seem to be no longer considered a great barrier to the use of anti-fibrotic drugs. In this review, we comprehensively summarize recent preclinical and clinical studies on intestinal and hepatic fibrosis. It is found that the targets for preclinical studies on intestinal fibrosis is varied, which could be divided into molecular, cellular, and tissues level, although little clinical trials are ongoing. Liver fibrosis clinical trials have focused on improving metabolic disorders, preventing the activation and proliferation of hepatic stellate cells, promoting the degradation of collagen, and reducing inflammation and cell death. At the preclinical stage, the therapeutic strategies have focused on drug targets and delivery systems. At last, promising remedies to the current challenges are based on multi-modal synergistic and targeted delivery therapies through mesenchymal stem cells, nanotechnology, and gut-liver axis providing useful insights into anti-fibrotic strategies for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Evaluation and Clinical Research, The First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Mengli Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Fourth Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineYiwuChina
| | - Qingwei Zhao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Evaluation and Clinical Research, The First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Yang Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical SciencesSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
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Arora M, Pavlíková Z, Kučera T, Kozlík P, Šopin T, Vacík T, Ľupták M, Duda M, Slanař O, Kutinová Canová N. Pharmacological effects of mTORC1/C2 inhibitor in a preclinical model of NASH progression. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115447. [PMID: 37683589 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of the benefits of mTOR inhibition concerning adipogenesis and inflammation has recently encouraged the investigation of a new generation of mTOR inhibitors for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). We investigated whether treatment with a specific mTORC1/C2 inhibitor (Ku-0063794; KU) exerted any beneficial impacts on experimentally-induced NASH in vitro and in vivo. The results indicated that KU decreases palmitic acid-induced lipotoxicity in cultivated primary hepatocytes, thus emerging as a successful candidate for testing in an in vivo NASH dietary model, which adopted the intraperitoneal KU dosing route rather than oral application due to its significantly greater bioavailability in mice. The pharmacodynamics experiments commenced with the feeding of male C57BL/6 mice with a high-fat atherogenic western-type diet (WD) for differing intervals over several weeks aimed at inducing various phases of NASH. In addition to the WD, the mice were treated with KU for 3 weeks or 4 months. Acute and chronic KU treatments were observed to be safe at the given concentrations with no toxicity indications in the mice. KU was found to alleviate NASH-related hepatotoxicity, mitochondrial and oxidative stress, and decrease the liver triglyceride content and TNF-α mRNA in at least one set of in vivo experiments. The KU modulated liver expression of selected metabolic and oxidative stress-related genes depended upon the length and severity of the disease. Although KU failed to completely reverse the histological progression of NASH in the mice, we demonstrated the complexity of mTORC1/C2 signaling regulation and suggest a stratified therapeutic management approach throughout the disease course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahak Arora
- Institute of Pharmacology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Pavlíková
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Kučera
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kozlík
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tijana Šopin
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics of the First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Vacík
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics of the First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Matej Ľupták
- Institute of Pharmacology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Matthias Duda
- Institute of Pharmacology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Slanař
- Institute of Pharmacology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Nikolina Kutinová Canová
- Institute of Pharmacology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Zhang JB, Li MT, Lin SZ, Cheng YQ, Fan JG, Chen YW. Therapeutic Effect of Prolyl Endopeptidase Inhibitor in High-fat Diet-induced Metabolic Dysfunction-associated Fatty Liver Disease. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2023; 11:1035-1049. [PMID: 37577240 PMCID: PMC10412699 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2022.00110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Prolyl endopeptidase (PREP) is a serine endopeptidase that participates in many pathological processes including inflammation, oxidative stress, and autophagy. Our previous studies found that PREP knockout exhibited multiple benefits in high-fat diet (HFD) or methionine choline-deficient diet-induced metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). However, cumulative studies have suggested that PREP performs complex functions during disease development. Therefore, further understanding the role of PREP in MAFLD development is the foundation of PREP intervention. Methods In this study, an HFD-induced MAFLD model at different time points (4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks) was used to explore dynamic changes in the PREP proline-glycine-proline (PGP)/N-acetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl-proline (AcSDKP) system. To explore its potential value in MAFLD treatment, saline, or the PREP inhibitor, KYP-2047, was administered to HFD-induced MAFLD mice from the 10th to 16th weeks. Results PREP activity and expression were increased in HFD-mice compared with control mice from the 12th week onwards, and increased PREP mainly resulted in the activation of the matrix metalloproteinase 8/9 (MMP8/9)-PREP-PGP axis rather than the thymosin β4-meprin α/PREP-AcSDKP axis. In addition, KYP-2047 reduced HFD-induced liver injury and oxidative stress, improved lipid metabolism through the suppression of lipogenic genes and the induction of β-oxidation-related genes, and attenuated hepatic inflammation by decreasing MMP8/9 and PGP. Moreover, KYP2047 restored HFD-induced impaired autophagy and this was verified in HepG2 cells. Conclusions These findings suggest that increased PREP activity/expression during MAFLD development might be a key factor in the transition from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis, and KYP-2047 might possess therapeutic potential for MAFLD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Bin Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng-Ting Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuang-Zhe Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Qing Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Gao Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan-Wen Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Geriatrics, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Liang C, Gao S, Gao J, Xu Y, Li Q. Comparison of effects of HucMSCs, exosomes, and conditioned medium on NASH. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18431. [PMID: 37891247 PMCID: PMC10611740 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45828-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effects and potential mechanisms of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells, exosomes, and their conditioned media on lipid storage in oleic acid (OA) and palmitic acid (PA) treated hepatocytes and high-fat methionine- choline deficient diet (HFMRCD) induced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) mice. AML12 cells were stimulated with OA and PA to establish the lipid storage cell model. HucMSCs, exosomes, and culture medium were then co-cultured. At the same time, C57BL/6 mice were fed an HFMRCD for 6 or 8 weeks to establish a NASH mouse model. The effect of HucMSCs, exosomes, and culture medium on lipid droplet repair of hepatocytes or NASH mice was then assessed. The weight of hepatocytes or liver tissue, Oil Red O, hematoxylin-eosin staining, Masson staining, Western blot, and qPCR were used to detect the related IL-6, TNF-α, TGF-β1 andEI24/AMPK/mTOR pathway expression in hepatocytes and liver tissue. Compared with the model group, the effect of HucMSCs-Ex on inhibiting the accumulation of lipid droplets was more obvious at the cell level. In vivo study showed that HucMSCs-Ex reduces activity scores in NASH mice and improves liver tissue morphology by reducing vacuolar degeneration, fat deposition, and collagen deposition of liver tissue. Western blot and qPCR results showed that inflammatory factors and AMPK/mTOR or EI24-related autophagy pathways were altered before and after treatment. HucMSCs, HucMSC-Ex, and CM can promote autophagy in hepatocytes or NASH mice through the AMPK/mTOR or EI24-related autophagy pathway and alleviate injury associated with lipid deposition, collagen deposition or inflammation, reversing the progression of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Liang
- School of Public Health, Dali University, Dali, 671013, Yunnan, China
| | - Siyuan Gao
- Center of Liver Diseases, The Third People's Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, 650041, Yunnan, China
| | - Jianpeng Gao
- Department of Administration, Kunming Yan'an Hospital, Kunming, 650051, Yunnan, China.
| | - Yanwen Xu
- School of Public Health, Dali University, Dali, 671013, Yunnan, China
| | - Qilong Li
- School of Public Health, Dali University, Dali, 671013, Yunnan, China
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Wei H, Yi K, Li F, Li D, Yang J, Shi R, Jin Y, Wang H, Ding J, Tao Y, Li M. Multimodal Tetrahedral DNA Nanoplatform for Surprisingly Rapid and Significant Treatment of Acute Liver Failure. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2305826. [PMID: 37801371 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202305826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Acute liver failure (ALF) is a life-threatening disease associated with the rapid development of inflammatory storms, level elevation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and hepatocyte necrosis, which results in high short-term mortality. Except for liver transplantation, no effective strategies are available for ALF therapy due to the rapid disease progression and narrow window of therapeutic time. Therefore, there is an urgent demand to explore the fast and effective modalities for ALF treatment. Herein, a multifunctional tetrahedral DNA nanoplatform (TDN) is constructed by incorporating tumor necrosis factor-α siRNA (siTNF-α) through DNA hybridization and antioxidant manganese porphyrin (MnP4) via π-π stacking interaction with G-quadruplex (G4) for surprisingly rapid and significant ALF therapy. TDN-siTNF-α/-G4-MnP4 silences TNF-α of macrophages by siTNF-α and polarizes them to the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype, providing appropriate microenvironments for hepatocyte viability. Additionally, TDN-siTNF-α/-G4-MnP4 scavenges intracellular ROS by MnP4, protecting hepatocytes from oxidative-stress-associated cell death. Furthermore, TDN itself promotes hepatocyte proliferation by modulating the cell cycle. TDN-siTNF-α/-G4-MnP4 shows almost complete liver accumulation after intravenous injection and exhibits excellent therapeutic efficacy of ALF within 2 h. The multifunctional DNA nanoformulation provides an effective strategy for rapid ALF therapy, expanding its application for innovative treatments of liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Wei
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational Medicine, Center for Nanomedicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, P. R. China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, 120 Longshan Road, Chongqing, 401147, P. R. China
| | - Ke Yi
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational Medicine, Center for Nanomedicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, P. R. China
| | - Fenfang Li
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational Medicine, Center for Nanomedicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, P. R. China
| | - Di Li
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Jiazhen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Run Shi
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Jin
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational Medicine, Center for Nanomedicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, P. R. China
| | - Haixia Wang
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational Medicine, Center for Nanomedicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, P. R. China
| | - Jianxun Ding
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Yu Tao
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational Medicine, Center for Nanomedicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, P. R. China
| | - Mingqiang Li
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational Medicine, Center for Nanomedicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, P. R. China
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Li Y, Zhang T, Zhang J, Liu Q, Jia Q, Chen W, Tang Q, Xiong Y, Xia Y, Xu Y, Mo L, Huang Y, He J. Dually fibronectin/CD44-mediated nanoparticles targeted disrupt the Golgi apparatus and inhibit the hedgehog signaling in activated hepatic stellate cells to alleviate liver fibrosis. Biomaterials 2023; 301:122232. [PMID: 37418856 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is featured by activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM). The Golgi apparatus in HSCs plays a vital role in synthesis and secretion of ECM proteins, while its targeted disruption in activated HSCs could be considered as a promising approach for liver fibrosis treatment. Here, we developed a multitask nanoparticle CREKA-CS-RA (CCR) to specifically target the Golgi apparatus of activated HSCs, based on CREKA (a specific ligand of fibronectin) and chondroitin sulfate (CS, a major ligand of CD44), in which retinoic acid (a Golgi apparatus-disturbing agent) chemically conjugated and vismodegib (a hedgehog inhibitor) encapsulated. Our results showed that CCR nanoparticles specifically targeted activated HSCs and preferentially accumulated in the Golgi apparatus. Systemic administration of CCR nanoparticles exhibited significantly accumulation in CCl4-induced fibrotic liver, which was attributed to specific recognition with fibronectin and CD44 on activated HSCs. CCR nanoparticles loaded with vismodegib not only disrupted Golgi apparatus structure and function but also inhibited the hedgehog signaling pathway, thus markedly suppressing HSC activation and ECM secretion in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, vismodegib-loaded CCR nanoparticles effectively inhibited the fibrogenic phenotype in CCl4-induced liver fibrosis mice without causing obvious toxicity. Collectively, these findings indicate that this multifunctional nanoparticle system can effectively deliver therapeutic agents to the Golgi apparatus of activated HSCs, thus has potential treatment of liver fibrosis with minimal side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Metabolic Diseases and Pharmacotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Metabolic Diseases and Pharmacotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jinhang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Metabolic Diseases and Pharmacotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Qinhui Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Metabolic Diseases and Pharmacotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Qingyi Jia
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Metabolic Diseases and Pharmacotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Wenfei Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Metabolic Diseases and Pharmacotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Qin Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Metabolic Diseases and Pharmacotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yimin Xiong
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Metabolic Diseases and Pharmacotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yan Xia
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Metabolic Diseases and Pharmacotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Metabolic Diseases and Pharmacotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Li Mo
- Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jinhan He
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Metabolic Diseases and Pharmacotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.
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Li ZW, Ruan B, Yang PJ, Liu JJ, Song P, Duan JL, Wang L. Oit3, a promising hallmark gene for targeting liver sinusoidal endothelial cells. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:344. [PMID: 37696816 PMCID: PMC10495338 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01621-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) play a pivotal role in maintaining liver homeostasis and influencing the pathological processes of various liver diseases. However, neither LSEC-specific hallmark genes nor a LSEC promoter-driven Cre mouse line has been introduced before, which largely restricts the study of liver diseases with vascular disorders. To explore LSEC-specific hallmark genes, we compared the top 50 marker genes between liver endothelial cells (ECs) and liver capillary ECs and identified 18 overlapping genes. After excluding globally expressed genes and those with low expression percentages, we narrowed our focus to two final candidates: Oit3 and Dnase1l3. Through single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and analysis of the NCBI database, we confirmed the extrahepatic expression of Dnase1l3. The paired-cell sequencing data further demonstrated that Oit3 was predominantly expressed in the midlobular liver ECs. Subsequently, we constructed inducible Oit3-CreERT2 transgenic mice, which were further crossed with ROSA26-tdTomato mice. Microscopy validated that the established Oit3-CreERT2-tdTomato mice exhibited significant fluorescence in the liver rather than in other organs. The staining analysis confirmed the colocalization of tdTomato and EC markers. Ex-vivo experiments further confirmed that isolated tdTomato+ cells exhibited well-differentiated fenestrae and highly expressed EC markers, confirming their identity as LSECs. Overall, Oit3 is a promising hallmark gene for tracing LSECs. The establishment of Oit3-CreERT2-tdTomato mice provides a valuable model for studying the complexities of LSECs in liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Wen Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xi-Jing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, China
| | - Bai Ruan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xi-Jing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, China
- Center of Clinical Aerospace Medicine & Department of Aviation Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, China
| | - Pei-Jun Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xi-Jing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing-Jing Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xi-Jing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, China
| | - Ping Song
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xi-Jing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, China
| | - Juan-Li Duan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xi-Jing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xi-Jing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, China.
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Wang M, Cao L. Hydrolysable tannins as a potential therapeutic drug for the human fibrosis-associated disease. Drug Dev Res 2023; 84:1096-1113. [PMID: 37386756 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.22089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis is a pathological change with abnormal tissue regeneration due to a response to persistent injury, which is extensively related to organ damage and failure, leading to high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although the pathogenesis of fibrosis has been comprehensively elucidated, there are few effective therapies for treating fibrotic diseases. Natural products are increasingly regarded as an effective strategy for fibrosis with numerous favorable functions. Hydrolysable tannins (HT) are a type of natural products that have the potential to treat the fibrotic disease. In this review, we describe some biological activities and the therapeutic prospects of HT in organ fibrosis. Furthermore, the underlying mechanisms of inhibition of HT on fibrotic organs in relation to inflammation, oxidative stress, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, fibroblast activation and proliferation, and extracellular matrix accumulation are discussed. Understanding the mechanism of HT against fibrotic diseases will provide a new strategy for the prevention and attenuation of fibrosis progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiwei Wang
- The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Linghui Cao
- The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Yang S, Xu B, Han Y, Jiang M, Luo T, Wu N, Cao J, Zheng Y, Shen L, Qin W, Shi H, Dong L. TAF15 exacerbates nonalcoholic steatohepatitis progression by regulating lipid metabolism and inflammation via FASN and p65 NF-κB. Liver Int 2023; 43:1920-1936. [PMID: 37183512 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) consists of a broad spectrum of conditions, and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is the advanced form of NAFLD. TAF15 is a DNA and RNA binding protein and is involved in crucial inflammatory signalling pathways. We aimed to investigate the role of TAF15 in the progression of NASH and the underlying molecular mechanism. METHODS We generated mice with hepatocyte-specific knockdown and overexpression of TAF15 using a specific adeno-associated virus (AAV). NASH models were established by feeding mice high-fat and high-cholesterol diets and methionine- and choline-deficient diets. Cleavage under targets and tagmentation and dual-luciferase reporter assays were performed to investigate the effect of TAF15 on FASN transcription. Coimmunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence assays were conducted to explore the interaction of TAF15 and p65. In vitro coculture systems were established to study the interactions of hepatocytes, macrophages and HSCs. RESULTS TAF15 was significantly increased in the livers of mouse NASH models and primary hepatocyte NASH model. Knockdown of TAF15 inhibited steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis, while overexpression of TAF15 promoted NASH phenotypes. Mechanistically, TAF15 bound directly to the promoter region of FASN to facilitate its expression, thereby promoting steatosis. Moreover, TAF15 interacted with p65 and activated the NF-κB signalling pathway, increasing the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and triggering M1 macrophage polarization. Treatment with the FASN inhibitor orlistat partially reversed the phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS These results suggested that TAF15 exacerbated NASH progression by regulating lipid metabolism and inflammation via transcriptional activation of FASN and interacting with p65 to activate the NF-κB signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzhen Yang
- Department of Digestive Disease and Gastrointestinal Motility Research Room, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bing Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuying Han
- School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - MingZuo Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, the Affiliated Jinling Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Tingting Luo
- School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Nan Wu
- School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiayi Cao
- School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ying Zheng
- Department of Digestive Disease and Gastrointestinal Motility Research Room, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lin Shen
- Department of Digestive Disease and Gastrointestinal Motility Research Room, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wen Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Haitao Shi
- Department of Digestive Disease and Gastrointestinal Motility Research Room, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lei Dong
- Department of Digestive Disease and Gastrointestinal Motility Research Room, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Huang X, Ji Q, She CY, Cheng Y, Zhou JR, Wu QM. Ophiopogonin D ameliorates non‑alcoholic fatty liver disease in high‑fat diet‑induced obese mice by improving lipid metabolism, oxidative stress and inflammatory response. Exp Ther Med 2023; 26:418. [PMID: 37602303 PMCID: PMC10433434 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.12116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid metabolic disorders, oxidative stress and inflammation in the liver are key steps in the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Ophiopogonin D (OP-D), the main active ingredient of Ophiopogon japonicus, exhibits several pharmacological activities such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Therefore, the current study aimed to explore the role of OP-D in NAFLD in a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity mouse model. To investigate the effect of OP-D on NAFLD in vivo, a NAFLD mouse model was established following feeding mice with HFD, then the mice were randomly treated with HFD or HFD + OP-D for 4 weeks. Subsequently, primary mouse hepatocytes were isolated, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR western blotting and immunofluorescence analysis were used for assessment to explore the direct effect of OP-D in vitro. The results of the present study indicated that OP-D could ameliorate NAFLD in HFD-induced obese mice by regulating lipid metabolism and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory responses. Additionally, OP-D treatment decreased lipogenesis and inflammation levels in vitro, suggesting that the NF-κB signaling pathway may be involved in the beneficial effects of OP-D on NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Huang
- Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, P.R. China
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuhan, Hubei 430064, P.R. China
| | - Qi Ji
- Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, P.R. China
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuhan, Hubei 430064, P.R. China
| | - Chen-Yi She
- Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, P.R. China
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuhan, Hubei 430064, P.R. China
| | - Yi Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuhan, Hubei 430064, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Rong Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Qing-Ming Wu
- Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, P.R. China
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Jiang Y, Zou J, Fan F, Yang P, Ma L, Gan T, Wang S, Zhang J. Application of multi-echo Dixon and MRS in quantifying hepatic fat content and staging liver fibrosis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12555. [PMID: 37532757 PMCID: PMC10397311 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39361-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study associated the liver proton density fat fraction (PDFF), measured by multi-echo Dixon (ME-Dixon) and breath-hold single-voxel high-speed T2-corrected multi-echo 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (HISTO) at 1.5 T, with serum biomarkers and liver fibrosis stages. This prospective study enrolled 75 patients suspected of liver fibrosis and scheduled for liver biopsy and 23 healthy participants with normal liver function. The participant underwent ME-Dixon and HISTO scanning. The agreement of PDFF measured by ME-Dixon (PDFF-D) and HISTO (PDFF-H) were compared. Correlations between PDFF and serum fat biomarkers (total cholesterol, triglyceride, and high- and low-density lipoproteins) and the liver fibrosis stages were assessed. PDFF were compared among the liver fibrosis stages (F0-F4) based on clinical liver biopsies. The Bland-Altman plot showed agreement between PDFF-D and PDFF-H(LoA, - 4.44 to 6.75), which have high consistency (ICC 0.752, P < 0.001). The correlations with the blood serum markers were mild to moderate (PDFF-H: r = 0.261-0.410, P < 0.01; PDFF-D: r = 0.265-0.367, P < 0.01). PDFF-D, PDFF-H, and steatosis were distributed similarly among the liver fibrosis stages. PDFF-H showed a slight negative correlation with the liver fibrosis stages (r = - 0.220, P = 0.04). Both ME-Dixon and HISTO sequences measured liver fat content noninvasively. Liver fat content was not directly associated with liver fibrosis stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Jiang
- Second Clinical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
- Department of Magnetic Resonance, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Cuiyingmen No.82, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730030, People's Republic of China
- Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Functional and Molecular Imaging, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zou
- Second Clinical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
- Department of Magnetic Resonance, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Cuiyingmen No.82, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730030, People's Republic of China
- Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Functional and Molecular Imaging, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengxian Fan
- Department of Magnetic Resonance, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Cuiyingmen No.82, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730030, People's Republic of China
- Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Functional and Molecular Imaging, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Pin Yang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Cuiyingmen No.82, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730030, People's Republic of China
- Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Functional and Molecular Imaging, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Laiyang Ma
- Second Clinical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
- Department of Magnetic Resonance, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Cuiyingmen No.82, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730030, People's Republic of China
- Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Functional and Molecular Imaging, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiejun Gan
- Department of Magnetic Resonance, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Cuiyingmen No.82, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730030, People's Republic of China
- Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Functional and Molecular Imaging, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoyu Wang
- MR Scientific Marketing, Siemens Healthineers, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Cuiyingmen No.82, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730030, People's Republic of China.
- Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Functional and Molecular Imaging, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China.
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Zhong D, Cai J, Hu C, Chen J, Zhang R, Fan C, Li S, Zhang H, Xu Z, Jia Z, Guo D, Sun Y. Inhibition of mPGES-2 ameliorates NASH by activating NR1D1 via heme. Hepatology 2023; 78:547-561. [PMID: 35839302 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a complex metabolic syndrome, has limited therapeutic options. Microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-2 (mPGES-2) was originally discovered as a prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) synthase; however, it does not produce PGE 2 in the liver. Moreover, the role of mPGES-2 in NAFLD remains undefined. Herein, we aimed to determine the function and mechanism of mPGES-2 in liver steatosis and steatohepatitis. APPROACH AND RESULTS To evaluate the role of mPGES-2 in NAFLD, whole-body or hepatocyte-specific mPGES-2-deficient mice fed a high-fat or methionine-choline-deficient diet were used. Compared with control mice, mPGES-2-deficient mice showed reduced hepatic lipid accumulation, along with ameliorated liver injury, inflammation, and fibrosis. Furthermore, the protective effect of mPGES-2 deficiency against NAFLD was dependent on decreased cytochrome P450 4A14 and increased acyl-CoA thioesterase 4 levels regulated by the heme receptor nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group D member 1 (NR1D1), but not PGE 2 . Heme regulated the increased NR1D1 activity mediated by mPGES-2 deficiency. Further, we confirmed the protective role of the mPGES-2 inhibitor SZ0232 in NAFLD therapy. CONCLUSION Our study indicates the pathogenic role of mPGES-2 and outlines the mechanism in mediating NAFLD, thereby highlighting the therapeutic potential of mPGES-2 inhibition in liver steatosis and steatohepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Zhong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy , Xuzhou Medical University , Xuzhou , Jiangsu , P. R. China
| | - Jie Cai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy , Xuzhou Medical University , Xuzhou , Jiangsu , P. R. China
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics , Nanjing Children's Hospital , Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , Jiangsu , P. R. China
- Public Experimental Research Center of Xuzhou Medical University , Xuzhou Medical University , Xuzhou , Jiangsu , P. R. China
| | - Cheng Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy , Xuzhou Medical University , Xuzhou , Jiangsu , P. R. China
| | - Jingshuo Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy , Xuzhou Medical University , Xuzhou , Jiangsu , P. R. China
- Public Experimental Research Center of Xuzhou Medical University , Xuzhou Medical University , Xuzhou , Jiangsu , P. R. China
| | - Rumeng Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy , Xuzhou Medical University , Xuzhou , Jiangsu , P. R. China
- Department of Pharmacology , Xuzhou Central Hospital , Xuzhou , Jiangsu , China
| | - Chenyu Fan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy , Xuzhou Medical University , Xuzhou , Jiangsu , P. R. China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Jiangsu Medical Engineering Research Center of Gene Detection , Xuzhou , Jiangsu , China
| | - Hongxing Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology , Xuzhou Medical University , Xuzhou , Jiangsu , P. R. China
| | - Zhou Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy , Xuzhou Medical University , Xuzhou , Jiangsu , P. R. China
- Public Experimental Research Center of Xuzhou Medical University , Xuzhou Medical University , Xuzhou , Jiangsu , P. R. China
| | - Zhanjun Jia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy , Xuzhou Medical University , Xuzhou , Jiangsu , P. R. China
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics , Nanjing Children's Hospital , Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , Jiangsu , P. R. China
| | - Dong Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy , Xuzhou Medical University , Xuzhou , Jiangsu , P. R. China
| | - Ying Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy , Xuzhou Medical University , Xuzhou , Jiangsu , P. R. China
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Lebedeva E, Shchastniy A, Babenka A. Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Toxic Liver Fibrosis in Rats Depending on the Stages of Its Development. Sovrem Tekhnologii Med 2023; 15:50-63. [PMID: 38434195 PMCID: PMC10902903 DOI: 10.17691/stm2023.15.4.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim is to study the cellular and molecular features of toxic liver fibrosis in rats and its dependence on development stages of this pathological condition. Materials and Methods Liver fibrogenesis in male Wistar rats was induced with the thioacetamide solution by introducing into the stomach with a probe at a dose of 200 mg/kg of animal body weight 2 times per week. The process dynamics was studied at 5 time points (control, week 3, week 5, week 7, and week 9). The mRNA levels of tweak, fn14, ang, vegfa, cxcl12, and mmp-9 genes in liver were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Immunohistochemical study was performed on paraffin sections. The CD31, CD34, CK19, α-SMA, FAP, CD68, CD206, CX3CR1, and CD45 cells were used as markers. Fibrosis degree was determined in histological sections, stained in line with the Mallory technique, according to the Ishak's semi-quantitative scale. Results Two simultaneously existing morphologically heterogeneous populations of myofibroblasts expressing different types of markers (FAP, α-SMA) were identified in rat liver. Prior to the onset of transformation of fibrosis into cirrhosis (F1-F4, weeks 3-7), FAP+ and SMA+ cells were localized in different places on histological specimens. All stages of liver fibrosis development were accompanied by an increase in the number (p=0.0000), a change in the phenotypic structure and functional properties of macrophages. The CK19+ cells of the portal areas differentiated into cholangiocytes that formed interlobular bile ducts and ductules, as well as hepatocytes that formed rudiments of new hepatic microlobules. Pathological venous angiogenesis and heterogeneity of endotheliocytes of the intrahepatic vascular bed were detected. Two options for changes in mRNA expression of the selected genes were identified. The level of the fn14 and mmp-9 mRNAs at all stages of fibrosis was higher (p=0.0000) than in control rats. For tweak, ang, vegfa, and cxcl12 mRNAs, the situation was the opposite - the level of genes decreased (p=0.0000). There were strong and moderate correlations between the studied target genes (p<0.05). Conclusion It was established that the stages of toxic fibrosis had morphological and molecular genetic features. The FAP+ cells make the main contribution to development of portal and initial stage of bridging fibrosis. The stellate macrophages and infiltrating monocytes/ macrophages can potentially be used for development of new therapeutic strategies for liver pathology treatment. One should take into account the features of the markers' expression by endothelial cells during the study of the intrahepatic vascular bed. Joint study of genes is a necessary ad-hoc parameter in fundamental and preclinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- E.I. Lebedeva
- Associate Professor, Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology; Vitebsk State Order of Peoples’ Friendship Medical University, 27 Frunze Avenue, Vitebsk, 210009, the Republic of Belarus
| | - A.T. Shchastniy
- Professor, Head of the Department of Hospital Surgery with the Course of the Fetoplacental Complex and Placental Complex; Vitebsk State Order of Peoples’ Friendship Medical University, 27 Frunze Avenue, Vitebsk, 210009, the Republic of Belarus
| | - A.S. Babenka
- Associate Professor, Department of Bioorganic Chemistry; Belarusian State Medical University, 83 Dzerzhinsky Avenue, Minsk, 220116, the Republic of Belarus
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68
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Wilhelmsen I, Amirola Martinez M, Stokowiec J, Wang C, Aizenshtadt A, Krauss S. Characterization of human stem cell-derived hepatic stellate cells and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells during extended in vitro culture. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1223737. [PMID: 37560536 PMCID: PMC10408301 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1223737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: There is a significant need for predictive and stable in vitro human liver representations for disease modeling and drug testing. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) are important non-parenchymal cell components of the liver and are hence of relevance in a variety of disease models, including hepatic fibrosis. Pluripotent stem cell- (PSC-) derived HSCs (scHSCs) and LSECs (scLSECs) offer an attractive alternative to primary human material; yet, the suitability of scHSCs and scLSECs for extended in vitro modeling has not been characterized. Methods: In this study, we describe the phenotypic and functional development of scHSCs and scLSECs during 14 days of 2D in vitro culture. Cell-specific phenotypes were evaluated by cell morphology, immunofluorescence, and gene- and protein expression. Functionality was assessed in scHSCs by their capacity for intracellular storage of vitamin A and response to pro-fibrotic stimuli induced by TGF-β. scLSECs were evaluated by nitric oxide- and factor VIII secretion as well as endocytic uptake of bioparticles and acetylated low-density lipoprotein. Notch pathway inhibition and co-culturing scHSCs and scLSECs were separately tested as options for enhancing long-term stability and maturation of the cells. Results and Conclusion: Both scHSCs and scLSECs exhibited a post-differentiation cell type-specific phenotype and functionality but deteriorated during extended culture with PSC line-dependent variability. Therefore, the choice of PSC line and experimental timeframe is crucial when designing in vitro platforms involving scHSCs and scLSECs. Notch inhibition modestly improved long-term monoculture in a cell line-dependent manner, while co-culturing scHSCs and scLSECs provides a strategy to enhance phenotypic and functional stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Wilhelmsen
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Hybrid Technology Hub—Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mikel Amirola Martinez
- Hybrid Technology Hub—Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Justyna Stokowiec
- Hybrid Technology Hub—Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Chencheng Wang
- Hybrid Technology Hub—Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Aleksandra Aizenshtadt
- Hybrid Technology Hub—Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stefan Krauss
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Hybrid Technology Hub—Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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69
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Amatya R, Lee D, Min KA, Shin MC. Pharmaceutical Strategies to Improve Druggability of Potential Drug Candidates in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1963. [PMID: 37514148 PMCID: PMC10386216 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become globally prevalent and is the leading cause of chronic liver disease. Although NAFLD is reversible without medical intervention in the early stage, the condition could be sequentially worsened to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and, eventually, cirrhosis and hepatic cancer. The progression of NAFLD is related to various factors such as genetics, pre-disposed metabolic disorders, and immunologic factors. Thankfully, to date, there have been accumulating research efforts and, as a result, different classes of potent drug candidates have been discovered. In addition, there have also been various attempts to explore pharmaceutical strategies to improve the druggability of drug candidates. In this review, we provided a brief overview of the drug candidates that have undergone clinical trials. In the latter part, strategies for developing better drugs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reeju Amatya
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju Daero, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghee Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju Daero, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Ah Min
- College of Pharmacy and Inje Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Inje University, 197 Injero, Gimhae 50834, Republic of Korea
| | - Meong Cheol Shin
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju Daero, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
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Mi X, Song Y, Deng C, Yan J, Li Z, Li Y, Zheng J, Yang W, Gong L, Shi J. Stimulation of Liver Fibrosis by N2 Neutrophils in Wilson's Disease. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 16:657-684. [PMID: 37406734 PMCID: PMC10514429 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2023.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Wilson's disease is an inherited hepatoneurologic disorder caused by mutations in the copper transporter ATP7B. Liver disease from Wilson's disease is one leading cause of cirrhosis in adolescents. Current copper chelators and zinc salt treatments improve hepatic presentations but frequently worsen neurologic symptoms. In this study, we showed the function and machinery of neutrophil heterogeneity using a zebrafish/murine/cellular model of Wilson's disease. METHODS We investigated the neutrophil response in atp7b-/- zebrafish by live imaging, movement tracking, and transcriptional analysis in sorted cells. Experiments were conducted to validate liver neutrophil heterogeneity in Atp7b-/- mice. In vitro experiments were performed in ATP7B-knockout human hepatocellular carcinomas G2 cells and isolated bone marrow neutrophils to reveal the mechanism of neutrophil heterogeneity. RESULTS Recruitment of neutrophils into the liver is observed in atp7b-/- zebrafish. Pharmacologic stimulation of neutrophils aggravates liver and behavior defects in atp7b-/- zebrafish. Transcriptional analysis in sorted liver neutrophils from atp7b-/- zebrafish reveals a distinct transcriptional profile characteristic of N2 neutrophils. Furthermore, liver N2 neutrophils also were observed in ATP7B-knockout mice, and pharmacologically targeted transforming growth factor β1, DNA methyltransferase, or signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 reduces liver N2 neutrophils and improves liver function and alleviates liver inflammation and fibrosis in ATP7B-knockout mice. Epigenetic silencing of Socs3 expression by transforming growth factor β1 contributes to N2-neutrophil polarization in isolated bone marrow neutrophils. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide a novel prospect that pharmacologic modulation of N2-neutrophil activity should be explored as an alternative therapeutic to improve liver function in Wilson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Mi
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Song
- Department of Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Xinhua Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chaohua Deng
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian Yan
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhihui Li
- Clinical Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yingniang Li
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun Zheng
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenjun Yang
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ling Gong
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junping Shi
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Institute of Hepatology and Metabolic Diseases, Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang, China.
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71
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Susak F, Vrsaljko N, Vince A, Papic N. TGF Beta as a Prognostic Biomarker of COVID-19 Severity in Patients with NAFLD-A Prospective Case-Control Study. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1571. [PMID: 37375073 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the leading cause of chronic liver disease in Western countries, has been identified as a possible risk factor for COVID-19 severity. However, the immunological mechanisms by which NAFLD exacerbates COVID-19 remain unknown. Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) has an important immunomodulatory and pro-fibrotic role, which has already been described in NAFLD. However, the role of TGF-β1 in COVID-19 remains unclear, and could also be the pathophysiology link between these two conditions. The aim of this case-control study was to analyze the expression of TGF-β1 in COVID-19 patients depending on the presence of NAFLD and COVID-19 severity. Serum TGF-β1 concentrations were measured in 60 hospitalized COVID-19 patients (30 with NAFLD). NAFLD was associated with higher serum TGF-β1 concentrations that increased with disease severity. Admission TGF-β1 concentrations showed good discriminative accuracy in predicting the development of critical disease and COVID-19 complications (need for advanced respiratory support, ICU admission, time to recovery, development of nosocomial infections and mortality). In conclusion, TGF-β1 could be an efficient biomarker for predicting COVID-19 severity and adverse outcomes in patients with NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frano Susak
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nina Vrsaljko
- Department for Viral Hepatitis, University Hospital for Infectious Diseases, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Adriana Vince
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department for Viral Hepatitis, University Hospital for Infectious Diseases, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Neven Papic
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department for Viral Hepatitis, University Hospital for Infectious Diseases, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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72
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Sun L, Wang Y, Zhang S, Yang H, Mao Y. 3D bioprinted liver tissue and disease models: Current advances and future perspectives. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 152:213499. [PMID: 37295133 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting is a promising technology for fabricating complex tissue constructs with biomimetic biological functions and stable mechanical properties. In this review, the characteristics of different bioprinting technologies and materials are compared, and development in strategies for bioprinting normal and diseased hepatic tissue are summarized. In particular, features of bioprinting and other bio-fabrication strategies, such as organoids and spheroids are compared to demonstrate the strengths and weaknesses of 3D printing technology. Directions and suggestions, such as vascularization and primary human hepatocyte culture, are provided for the future development of 3D bioprinting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lejia Sun
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Hospital, PUMC & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Dongcheng, Beijing, 100730, China; Department of General Surgery, The First affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yinhan Wang
- Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & PUMC, Dongcheng, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Shuquan Zhang
- Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & PUMC, Dongcheng, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Huayu Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Hospital, PUMC & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Dongcheng, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Yilei Mao
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Hospital, PUMC & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Dongcheng, Beijing, 100730, China.
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Du J, Liu L, Fan H, Yu Y, Luo Y, Gu F, Yu H, Liao X. Anthocyanins improve liver fibrosis in mice by regulating the autophagic flux level of hepatic stellate cells by mmu_circ_0000623. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:3002-3018. [PMID: 37324880 PMCID: PMC10261807 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a key step in the progression of various chronic liver diseases to liver cirrhosis and even liver cancer, it is also an important link affecting prognosis. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of anthocyanins on liver fibrosis and the molecular mechanism of mmu_circ_0000623 in anthocyanin therapy. In this study, CCL4 was used to build a mouse liver fibrosis model, and the treatment groups were treated with 100 and 200 mg/kg of anthocyanins daily by gavage. Liver fibrosis indicators, macrophage polarization markers, and liver injury markers were further detected by real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR), western blotting (WB), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Morphological verification of liver injury in different treatment groups was performed by histopathological method. A mouse hepatic stellate cell (HSC) model and a mouse liver fibrosis model were constructed to verify the expression of circ_0000623, miR-351-5p, and TFEB. Transfected with mRFP-GFP-LC3 to detect the autophagic flux of HSCs. We found that 100 mg/kg or 200 mg/kg of anthocyanins could significantly reduce the degree of liver fibrosis in mice. In addition, anthocyanins can inhibit the proliferation, activation, and migration ability of HSCs. circ_0000623 was lowly expressed in mice with liver fibrosis, and anthocyanin treatment could promote its increased expression. Further testing found that anthocyanins could reverse the blocked autophagic flux induced by PDGF or CCL4. This effect is achieved by regulating the expression of TFEB by competitive adsorption of miR-351-5p. Anthocyanins could treat liver fibrosis by modulating circ_0000623/miR-351-5p/TFEB-mediated changes in HSC autophagic flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhui Du
- Department of Medical ImagingThe Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang CityChina
| | - Likun Liu
- Department of Medical ImagingThe Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang CityChina
| | - Haiqing Fan
- Department of Medical ImagingThe Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang CityChina
| | - Yue Yu
- Department of Medical ImagingThe Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang CityChina
| | - Yilin Luo
- Department of Medical ImagingThe Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang CityChina
| | - Fang Gu
- Department of Medical ImagingThe Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang CityChina
| | - Hui Yu
- Department of Medical ImagingThe Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang CityChina
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Eisenberg D, Arnow KD, Barreto NB, Davis K, LaVela SL, Frayne SM, Nevedal AL, Wu J, Harris AHS. Interaction between increasing body mass index and spinal cord injury to the probability of developing a diagnosis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Obes Sci Pract 2023; 9:253-260. [PMID: 37287523 PMCID: PMC10242254 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence of obesity and comorbidities is high in the population with spinal cord injury (SCI). We sought to determine the effect of SCI on the functional form of the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and risk of developing nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and assess whether SCI-specific mapping of BMI to risk of developing NAFLD is needed. Methods Longitudinal cohort study comparing Veterans Health Administration patients with a diagnosis of SCI to a 1:2 matched control group without SCI. The relationship between BMI and development of NAFLD at any time was assessed with propensity score matched Cox regression models; NAFLD development at 10-year with a propensity score matched logistic model. The positive predictive value of developing NAFLD at 10 years was calculated for BMI 19-45 kg/m2. Results 14,890 individuals with SCI met study inclusion criteria, and 29,780 Non-SCI individuals in matched control group. Overall, 9.2% in SCI group and 7.3% in Non-SCI group developed NAFLD during the study period. A logistic model assessing the relationship between BMI and the probability of developing a diagnosis of NAFLD demonstrated that the probability of developing disease increased as BMI increased in both cohorts. The probability was significantly higher in the SCI cohort at each BMI threshold (p < 0.01), and increased at a higher rate compared with the Non-SCI cohort as BMI increased 19-45 kg/m2. Positive predictive value for developing a diagnosis of NAFLD was higher in the SCI group for any given BMI threshold from 19 kg/m2 to BMI 45 kg/m2. Conclusions The probability of developing NAFLD is greater in individuals with SCI than without SCI, at every BMI level 19 kg/m2 to 45 kg/m2. Individuals with SCI may warrant a higher level of suspicion and closer screening for NAFLD. The association of SCI and BMI is not linear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Eisenberg
- Center for Innovation to ImplementationVA Palo Alto Health Care SystemPalo AltoCaliforniaUSA
- Stanford‐Surgery Policy Improvement Research & Education CenterStanford School of MedicineStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Katherine D. Arnow
- Stanford‐Surgery Policy Improvement Research & Education CenterStanford School of MedicineStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Nicolas B. Barreto
- Stanford‐Surgery Policy Improvement Research & Education CenterStanford School of MedicineStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Kristen Davis
- Stanford‐Surgery Policy Improvement Research & Education CenterStanford School of MedicineStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Sherri L. LaVela
- Center of Innovation for Complex Chronic CareVA Edward Hines JrHinesIllinoisUSA
- Department of Physical Medicine and RehabilitationFeinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Susan M. Frayne
- Center for Innovation to ImplementationVA Palo Alto Health Care SystemPalo AltoCaliforniaUSA
- Department of MedicineStanford School of MedicineStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Andrea L. Nevedal
- Center for Innovation to ImplementationVA Palo Alto Health Care SystemPalo AltoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Justina Wu
- Center for Innovation to ImplementationVA Palo Alto Health Care SystemPalo AltoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Alex H. S. Harris
- Center for Innovation to ImplementationVA Palo Alto Health Care SystemPalo AltoCaliforniaUSA
- Stanford‐Surgery Policy Improvement Research & Education CenterStanford School of MedicineStanfordCaliforniaUSA
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Wang H, Zhao Y, Pan Y, Yang A, Li C, Wang S, Dong Z, Li M, Wang S, Zhang Z, Zhu Y, Zhang D, Sun G. Inhibition of phospholipase D1 ameliorates hepatocyte steatosis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. JHEP Rep 2023; 5:100726. [PMID: 37138676 PMCID: PMC10149370 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2023.100726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims Phospholipase D1 (PLD1), a phosphatidylcholine-hydrolysing enzyme, is involved in cellular lipid metabolism. However, its involvement in hepatocyte lipid metabolism and consequently non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has not been explicitly explored. Methods NAFLD was induced in hepatocyte-specific Pld1 knockout (Pld1(H)-KO) and littermate Pld1 flox/flox (Pld1-Flox) control mice feeding a high-fat diet (HFD) for 20 wk. Changes of the lipid composition in the liver were compared. Alpha mouse liver 12 (AML12) cells and mouse primary hepatocytes were incubated with oleic acid or sodium palmitate in vitro to explore the role of PLD1 in the development of hepatic steatosis. Hepatic PLD1 expression was evaluated in liver biopsy samples in patients with NAFLD. Results PLD1 expression levels were increased in the hepatocytes of patients with NAFLD and HFD-fed mice. Compared with Pld1-Flox mice, Pld1(H)-KO mice exhibited decreased plasma glucose and lipid levels as well as lipid accumulation in liver tissues after HFD feeding. Transcriptomic analysis showed that hepatocyte-specific deficiency of PLD1 decreased Cd36 expression in steatosis liver tissues, which was confirmed at the protein and gene levels. In vitro, specific inhibition of PLD1 with VU0155069 or VU0359595 decreased CD36 expression and lipid accumulation in oleic acid- or sodium palmitate-treated AML12 cells or primary hepatocytes. Inhibition of hepatocyte PLD1 significantly altered lipid composition, especially phosphatidic acid and lysophosphatidic acid levels in liver tissues with hepatic steatosis. Furthermore, phosphatidic acid, the downstream product of PLD1, increased the expression levels of CD36 in AML12 cells, which was reversed by a PPARγ antagonist. Conclusions Hepatocyte-specific Pld1 deficiency ameliorates lipid accumulation and NAFLD development by inhibiting the PPARγ/CD36 pathway. PLD1 may be a new target for the treatment of NAFLD. Impact and implications The involvement of PLD1 in hepatocyte lipid metabolism and NAFLD has not been explicitly explored. In this study, we found that the inhibition of hepatocyte PLD1 exerted potent protective effects against HFD-induced NAFLD, which were attributable to a reduction in PPARγ/CD36 pathway-mediated lipid accumulation in hepatocytes. Targeting hepatocyte PLD1 may be a new target for the treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing, China
- Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yushang Zhao
- Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing, China
- Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health, Capital Medical University School of Basic Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhualei Pan
- Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing, China
- Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health, Capital Medical University School of Basic Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Aiting Yang
- Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Changying Li
- Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing, China
- Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health, Capital Medical University School of Basic Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Song Wang
- Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao Dong
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengyi Li
- General Surgery Department, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Songlin Wang
- Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health, Capital Medical University School of Basic Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongtao Zhang
- General Surgery Department, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanbing Zhu
- Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, China
- Corresponding author. Address: Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Friendship Hospital, 95 Yongan Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China. Tel.: (8610)63139309, fax: (8610)63139421.
| | - Dong Zhang
- Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing, China
- Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health, Capital Medical University School of Basic Medicine, Beijing, China
- General Surgery Department, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Corresponding author. Address: Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Friendship Hospital, 95 Yongan Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China. Tel.: (8610)63139309, fax: (8610)63139421.
| | - Guangyong Sun
- Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing, China
- Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health, Capital Medical University School of Basic Medicine, Beijing, China
- Corresponding author. Address: Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Friendship Hospital, 95 Yongan Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China. Tel.: (8610)63139309, fax: (8610)63139421.
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Sun J, Jin X, Zhang X, Zhang B. HMGA2 knockdown alleviates the progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by downregulating SNAI2 expression. Cell Signal 2023:110741. [PMID: 37268162 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a complex disease that is considered as the next major health epidemic with alarmingly increasing global prevalence. To explore the pathogenesis of NAFLD, data from GSE118892 were analyzed. High mobility group AT-hook 2 (HMGA2), a member of the high mobility group family, is declined in liver tissues of NAFLD rats. However, its role in NAFLD remains unknown. This study attempted to identify the multiple roles of HMGA2 in NAFLD process. NAFLD was induced in rats using a high-fat diet (HFD). In vivo, HMGA2 knockdown using adenovirus system attenuated liver injury and liver lipid deposition, accompanied by decreased NAFLD score, increased liver function, and decreased CD36 and FAS, indicating the deceleration of NAFLD progression. Moreover, HMGA2 knockdown restrained liver inflammation by decreasing the expression of related inflammatory factors. Importantly, HMGA2 knockdown attenuated liver fibrosis via downregulating the expression of fibrous proteins, and inhibiting the activation of TGF-β1/SMAD signaling pathway. In vitro, HMGA2 knockdown relieved palmitic acid (PA)-induced hepatocyte injury and attenuated TGF-β1-induced liver fibrosis, consistent with in vivo findings. Strikingly, HMGA2 activated the transcription of SNAI2, which was evidenced by the dual luciferase assays. Moreover, HMGA2 knockdown largely downregulated SNAI2 levels. Indeed, SNAI2 overexpression effectively blocked the inhibitory effect of HMGA2 knockdown on NAFLD. Totally, our findings reveal that HMGA2 knockdown alleviates the progression of NAFLD by directly regulating the transcription of SNAI2. HMGA2 inhibition may emerge as a potential therapeutic target for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiuli Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinhe Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Birong Zhang
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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Park SJ, Garcia Diaz J, Um E, Hahn YS. Major roles of kupffer cells and macrophages in NAFLD development. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1150118. [PMID: 37274349 PMCID: PMC10235620 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1150118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an important public health problem with growing numbers of NAFLD patients worldwide. Pathological conditions are different in each stage of NAFLD due to various factors. Preclinical and clinical studies provide evidence for a crucial role of immune cells in NAFLD progression. Liver-resident macrophages, kupffer cells (KCs), and monocytes-derived macrophages are the key cell types involved in the progression of NAFLD, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Their unique polarization contributes to the progression of NAFLD. KCs are phagocytes with self-renewal abilities and play a role in regulating and maintaining homeostasis. Upon liver damage, KCs are activated and colonized at the site of the damaged tissue. The secretion of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines by KCs play a pivotal role in initiating NAFLD pathogenesis. This review briefly describes the role of immune cells in the immune system in NAFLD, and focuses on the pathological role and molecular pathways of KCs and recruited macrophages. In addition, the relationship between macrophages and insulin resistance is described. Finally, the latest therapeutics that target KCs and macrophages are summarized for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Jeung Park
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Josefina Garcia Diaz
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Eugene Um
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Young S. Hahn
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
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78
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Cai X, Tacke F, Guillot A, Liu H. Cholangiokines: undervalued modulators in the hepatic microenvironment. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1192840. [PMID: 37261338 PMCID: PMC10229055 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1192840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The biliary epithelial cells, also known as cholangiocytes, line the intra- and extrahepatic bile ducts, forming a barrier between intra- and extra-ductal environments. Cholangiocytes are mostly known to modulate bile composition and transportation. In hepatobiliary diseases, bile duct injury leads to drastic alterations in cholangiocyte phenotypes and their release of soluble mediators, which can vary depending on the original insult and cellular states (quiescence, senescence, or proliferation). The cholangiocyte-secreted cytokines (also termed cholangiokines) drive ductular cell proliferation, portal inflammation and fibrosis, and carcinogenesis. Hence, despite the previous consensus that cholangiocytes are bystanders in liver diseases, their diverse secretome plays critical roles in modulating the intrahepatic microenvironment. This review summarizes recent insights into the cholangiokines under both physiological and pathological conditions, especially as they occur during liver injury-regeneration, inflammation, fibrosis and malignant transformation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiurong Cai
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Tacke
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Adrien Guillot
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hanyang Liu
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
- Center of Gastrointestinal Diseases, Changzhou Second People's Hospital, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
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79
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Sun C, Qiu C, Zhang Y, Yan M, Tan J, He J, Yang D, Wang D, Wu L. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum NKK20 Alleviates High-Fat-Diet-Induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Mice through Regulating Bile Acid Anabolism. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104042. [PMID: 37241783 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent chronic disease in modern society. It is characterized by an accumulation of lipids in the liver and an excessive inflammatory response. Clinical trials have provided evidence that probiotics may prevent the onset and relapse of NAFLD. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum NKK20 strain (NKK20) on high-fat-diet-induced NAFLD in an ICR murine model and propose the underlying mechanism whereby NKK20 protects against NAFLD. The results showed that the administration of NKK20 ameliorated hepatocyte fatty degeneration, reduced total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations, and alleviated inflammatory reactions in NAFLD mice. In addition, the 16S rRNA sequencing results indicated that NKK20 could decrease the abundance of Pseudomonas and Turicibacter and increase the abundance of Akkermansia in NAFLD mice. LC-MS/MS analysis showed that NKK20 could significantly increase the concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the colon contents of mice. The obtained non-targeted metabolomics results revealed a significant difference between the metabolites in the colon contents of the NKK20 administration group and those in the high-fat diet group, in which a total of 11 different metabolites that were significantly affected by NKK20 were observed, and these metabolites were mainly involved in bile acid anabolism. UPLC-MS technical analysis revealed that NKK20 could change the concentrations of six conjugated and free bile acids in mouse liver. After being treated with NKK20, the concentrations of cholic acid, glycinocholic acid, and glycinodeoxycholic acid in livers of the NAFLD mice were significantly decreased, while the concentration of aminodeoxycholic acid was significantly increased. Thus, our findings indicate that NKK20 can regulate bile acid anabolism and promote the production of SCFA, which can inhibit inflammation and liver damage and thus prevent the development of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Sun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Chenguang Qiu
- Department of Stomatology, Zhenjiang First People's Hospital, Zhenjiang 212002, China
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- Department of Testing Center, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Man Yan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jiajun Tan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jiayuan He
- Zhenjiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhenjiang 212002, China
| | - Dakai Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Dongxu Wang
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Liang Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lianyungang Second People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Lianyungang 222006, China
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80
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He L, Huang C, Wang H, Yang N, Zhang J, Xu L, Gu T, Li Z, Chen Y. Galanin ameliorates liver inflammation and fibrosis in mice by activating AMPK/ACC signaling and modifying macrophage inflammatory phenotype. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1161676. [PMID: 37180164 PMCID: PMC10169601 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1161676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Galanin is a naturally occurring peptide that plays a critical role in regulating inflammation and energy metabolism, with expression in the liver. The exact involvement of galanin in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and related fibrosis remains controversial. Methods The effects of subcutaneously administered galanin were studied in mice with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) induced by a high-fat and high-cholesterol diet for 8 weeks, and in mice with liver fibrosis induced by CCl4 for 7 weeks. The underlying mechanism was also studied in vitro on murine macrophage cells (J774A.1 and RAW264.7). Results Galanin reduced inflammation, CD68-positive cell count, MCP-1 level, and mRNA levels of inflammation-related genes in the liver of NASH mice. It also mitigated liver injury and fibrosis caused by CCl4. In vitro, galanin had anti-inflammatory effects on murine macrophages, including reduced phagocytosis and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Galanin also activated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) signaling. Conclusion Galanin ameliorates liver inflammation and fibrosis in mice, potentially by modifying macrophage inflammatory phenotype and activating AMPK/ACC signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingnan He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Geriatrics, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Endoscopy Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Endoscopic, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Naibin Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo Hospital of Zhejiang University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianbin Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Leiming Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Gu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Geriatrics, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenghong Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanwen Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Geriatrics, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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81
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Jin Z, Dou M, Peng W, Xiao B, Liu J, Meng W, Liu W. Identification of distinct immune infiltration and potential biomarkers in patients with liver ischemia-reperfusion injury. Life Sci 2023:121726. [PMID: 37105441 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To identify alterations of specific gene expression, immune infiltration components, and potential biomarkers in liver ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) following liver transplantation (LT). MATERIALS AND METHODS GSE23649 and GSE151648 datasets were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. To determine the differentially expressed genes (DEGs), we utilized the R package "limma". We also identify the infiltration of different immune cells through single-sample gene-set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA). Furthermore, we utilized LASSO logistic regression to select feature genes and Spearman's rank correlation analysis to determine the correlation between these genes and infiltrating immune cells. Finally, the significance of these feature genes was confirmed using a mouse model of hepatic IRI. KEY FINDINGS A total of 17 DEGs were acquired, most of which were associated with inflammation, apoptosis, cell proliferation, immune disorders, stress response, and angiogenesis. 28 immune cell types were determined using ssGSEA. 5 feature genes (ADM, KLF6, SERPINE1, SLC20A1, and HBB) were screened using LASSO analysis, but the HBB gene was ultimately excluded due to the lack of statistical significance in the GSE151648 dataset. These 4 feature genes were predominantly related to immune cells. Finally, 15 significantly distinctive types of immune cells between the control and IRI groups were verified. SIGNIFICANCE We unveiled that macrophages, dendritic cells (DCs), neutrophils, CD4 T cells, and other immune cells infiltrated the IRI that occurred after LT. Moreover, we identified ADM, KLF6, SERPINE1, and SLC20A1 as potential biological biomarkers underlying IRI post-transplant, which may improve the diagnosis and prognosis of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangliu Jin
- Department of General Surgery, Division of Biliopancreatic and Metabolic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Meng Dou
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, Hospital of Nephropathy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shangxi 710000, China
| | - Weihui Peng
- Department of General Surgery, Division of Biliopancreatic and Metabolic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Boen Xiao
- Department of General Surgery, Division of Biliopancreatic and Metabolic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Jinjin Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Division of Biliopancreatic and Metabolic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Wen Meng
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Medicine of Hunan Province, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Division of Biliopancreatic and Metabolic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China.
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Amorim R, Magalhães CC, Borges F, Oliveira PJ, Teixeira J. From Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver to Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Story of (Mal)Adapted Mitochondria. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12040595. [PMID: 37106795 PMCID: PMC10135755 DOI: 10.3390/biology12040595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a global pandemic affecting 25% of the world's population and is a serious health and economic concern worldwide. NAFLD is mainly the result of unhealthy dietary habits combined with sedentary lifestyle, although some genetic contributions to NAFLD have been documented. NAFLD is characterized by the excessive accumulation of triglycerides (TGs) in hepatocytes and encompasses a spectrum of chronic liver abnormalities, ranging from simple steatosis (NAFL) to steatohepatitis (NASH), significant liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Although the molecular mechanisms that cause the progression of steatosis to severe liver damage are not fully understood, metabolic-dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease is strong evidence that mitochondrial dysfunction plays a significant role in the development and progression of NAFLD. Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles that undergo functional and structural adaptations to meet the metabolic requirements of the cell. Alterations in nutrient availability or cellular energy needs can modify mitochondria formation through biogenesis or the opposite processes of fission and fusion and fragmentation. In NAFL, simple steatosis can be seen as an adaptive response to storing lipotoxic free fatty acids (FFAs) as inert TGs due to chronic perturbation in lipid metabolism and lipotoxic insults. However, when liver hepatocytes' adaptive mechanisms are overburdened, lipotoxicity occurs, contributing to reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Impaired mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation, reduction in mitochondrial quality, and disrupted mitochondrial function are associated with a decrease in the energy levels and impaired redox balance and negatively affect mitochondria hepatocyte tolerance towards damaging hits. However, the sequence of events underlying mitochondrial failure from steatosis to hepatocarcinoma is still yet to be fully clarified. This review provides an overview of our understanding of mitochondrial adaptation in initial NAFLD stages and highlights how hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction and heterogeneity contribute to disease pathophysiology progression, from steatosis to hepatocellular carcinoma. Improving our understanding of different aspects of hepatocytes' mitochondrial physiology in the context of disease development and progression is crucial to improving diagnosis, management, and therapy of NAFLD/NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Amorim
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB-Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- CIQUP-IMS/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carina C Magalhães
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB-Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Borges
- CIQUP-IMS/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulo J Oliveira
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB-Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - José Teixeira
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB-Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
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Park NW, Lee ES, Ha KB, Jo SH, Kim HM, Kwon MH, Chung CH. Umbelliferone Ameliorates Hepatic Steatosis and Lipid-Induced ER Stress in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice. Yonsei Med J 2023; 64:243-250. [PMID: 36996895 PMCID: PMC10067795 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2022.0354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Among the characteristics of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), hepatic steatosis is due to excessive fat accumulation and causes liver damage and lipotoxicity, which are associated with insulin resistance, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and apoptosis. Umbelliferone (UMB) has various powerful pharmacological properties, such as antioxidant, anti-hyperglycemic, anti-viral, and anti-inflammatory effects. However, the mechanism of action in hepatic steatosis and lipid-induced ER stress is still unclear. Thus, the efficacy of UMB in hepatic steatosis and palmitate (PA)-induced hepatocellular lipotoxicity was evaluated in the present study. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male C57BL/6J mice (n=40) were divided into four groups: regular diet (RD), UMB-supplemented RD, high-fat diet (HFD), and UMB-supplemented HFD. All mice were fed orally for 12 weeks. In addition, the effects of UMB on lipotoxicity were investigated in AML12 cells treated with PA (250 µM) for 24 h; Western blot analysis was used to evaluate the changes in ER stress and apoptotic-associated proteins. RESULTS Administration with UMB in HFD-fed mice reduced lipid accumulation and hepatic triglyceride (TG) as well as serum insulin and glucose levels. In AML12 cells, UMB treatment reduced lipid accumulation as indicated by decreases in the levels of lipogenesis markers, such as SREBP1, FAS, PPAR-γ, and ADRP. Furthermore, UMB reduced both oxidative stress and ER stress-related cellular apoptosis. CONCLUSION UMB supplementation ameliorated hepatic steatosis and improved insulin resistance by inhibiting lipid accumulation and regulating ER stress. These findings strongly suggest that UMB may be a potential therapeutic compound against NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Won Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
- Research Institute of Metabolism and Inflammation, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Eun Soo Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
- Research Institute of Metabolism and Inflammation, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Kyung Bong Ha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
- Research Institute of Metabolism and Inflammation, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Su Ho Jo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
- Research Institute of Metabolism and Inflammation, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | | | - Mi-Hye Kwon
- East Coast Life Sciences Institute, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Korea
| | - Choon Hee Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
- Research Institute of Metabolism and Inflammation, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea.
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Zhou W, Shi W, Du X, Han Y, Tang Y, Ri S, Ju K, Kim T, Huang L, Zhang W, Yu Y, Tian D, Yu Y, Chen L, Wu Z, Liu G. Assessment of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Symptoms and Gut-Liver Axis Status in Zebrafish after Exposure to Polystyrene Microplastics and Oxytetracycline, Alone and in Combination. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2023; 131:47006. [PMID: 37027337 PMCID: PMC10081693 DOI: 10.1289/ehp11600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Environmental pollution may give rise to the incidence and progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the most common cause for chronic severe liver lesions. Although knowledge of NAFLD pathogenesis is particularly important for the development of effective prevention, the relationship between NAFLD occurrence and exposure to emerging pollutants, such as microplastics (MPs) and antibiotic residues, awaits assessment. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate the toxicity of MPs and antibiotic residues related to NAFLD occurrence using the zebrafish model species. METHODS Taking common polystyrene MPs and oxytetracycline (OTC) as representatives, typical NAFLD symptoms, including lipid accumulation, liver inflammation, and hepatic oxidative stress, were screened after 28-d exposure to environmentally realistic concentrations of MPs (0.69mg/L) and antibiotic residue (3.00μg/L). The impacts of MPs and OTC on gut health, the gut-liver axis, and hepatic lipid metabolism were also investigated to reveal potential affecting mechanisms underpinning the NAFLD symptoms observed. RESULTS Compared with the control fish, zebrafish exposed to MPs and OTC exhibited significantly higher levels of lipid accumulation, triglycerides, and cholesterol contents, as well as inflammation, in conjunction with oxidative stress in their livers. In addition, a markedly smaller proportion of Proteobacteria and higher ratios of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes were detected by microbiome analysis of gut contents in treated samples. After the exposures, the zebrafish also experienced intestinal oxidative injury and yielded significantly fewer numbers of goblet cells. Markedly higher levels of the intestinal bacteria-sourced endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were also detected in serum. Animals treated with MPs and OTC exhibited higher expression levels of LPS binding receptor (LBP) and downstream inflammation-related genes while also exhibiting lower activity and gene expression of lipase. Furthermore, MP-OTC coexposure generally exerted more severe effects compared with single MP or OTC exposure. DISCUSSION Our results suggested that exposure to MPs and OTC may disrupt the gut-liver axis and be associated with NAFLD occurrence. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP11600.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weishang Zhou
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Wei Shi
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xueying Du
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yu Han
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yu Tang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Sanghyok Ri
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
- College of Life Science, Kim Hyong Jik University of Education, Pyongyang, DPR Korea
| | - Kwangjin Ju
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
- College of Aquaculture, Wonsan Fisheries University, Wonsan, DPR Korea
| | - Tongchol Kim
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
- College of Life Science, Kim Hyong Jik University of Education, Pyongyang, DPR Korea
| | - Lin Huang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Weixia Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yihan Yu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Dandan Tian
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yingying Yu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Liangbiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Zhichao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Guangxu Liu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
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Martínez-Montoro JI, Núñez-Sánchez MÁ, Martinez-Sanchez MA, Balaguer-Román A, Fernández-Ruiz VE, Ferrer-Gómez M, Sledzinski T, Frutos MD, Fernández-García JC, Mika A, Ramos-Molina B. Hepatic and serum branched-chain fatty acid profile in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A case-control study. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2023; 31:1064-1074. [PMID: 36876627 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alterations in the hepatic lipidome are a crucial factor involved in the pathophysiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The aim of this study was to evaluate the serum and hepatic profile of branched-chain fatty acids (BCFAs) in patients with different stages of NAFLD. METHODS This was a case-control study performed in 27 patients without NAFLD, 49 patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver, and 17 patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, defined by liver biopsies. Serum and hepatic levels of BCFAs were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The hepatic expression of genes involved in the endogenous synthesis of BCFAs was analyzed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). RESULTS A significant increase in hepatic BCFAs was found in subjects with NAFLD compared with those without NAFLD; no differences were observed in serum BCFAs between study groups. Trimethyl BCFAs, iso-BCFAs, and anteiso-BCFAs were increased in subjects with NAFLD (either nonalcoholic fatty liver or nonalcoholic steatohepatitis) compared with those without NAFLD. Correlation analysis showed a relationship between hepatic BCFAs and the histopathological diagnosis of NAFLD, as well as other histological and biochemical parameters related to this disease. Gene expression analysis in liver showed that the mRNA levels of BCAT1, BCAT2, and BCKDHA were upregulated in patients with NAFLD. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the increased production of liver BCFAs might be related to NAFLD development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Ignacio Martínez-Montoro
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Faculty of Medicine, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | | | | | - Andrés Balaguer-Román
- Obesity and Metabolism Research Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
- Department of General and Digestive System Surgery, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, Murcia, Spain
| | - Virginia E Fernández-Ruiz
- Obesity and Metabolism Research Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, Murcia, Spain
| | - Mercedes Ferrer-Gómez
- Obesity and Metabolism Research Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, Murcia, Spain
| | - Tomasz Sledzinski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - María Dolores Frutos
- Department of General and Digestive System Surgery, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, Murcia, Spain
| | - José Carlos Fernández-García
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Regional University Hospital of Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Faculty of Medicine, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Adriana Mika
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Bruno Ramos-Molina
- Obesity and Metabolism Research Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
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86
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Jarmakiewicz-Czaja S, Gruszecka J, Filip R. What Do NAFLD, Liver Fibrosis, and Inflammatory Bowel Disease Have in Common? Review of the Current Literature. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13030378. [PMID: 36984818 PMCID: PMC10051776 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13030378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver disease is one of the most common extraintestinal manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Often the course of liver disease is associated with an exacerbation of the underlying disease (Crohn’s Disease/Ulcerative Colitis). Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis encompasses a wide spectrum of liver damage. The most common form is nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) (75–80%), and the less common but more dangerous form is nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). NAFLD is now the most common cause of chronic liver disease in developed countries and the leading indication for liver transplantation in the United States. Genetic, demographic, clinical, and environmental factors can play a role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. The increasing prevalence of NAFLD is associated with a widespread obesity epidemic, metabolic complications, including hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and dyslipidaemia. Some of the most common manifestations of IBD are liver, biliary tract, and gallbladder diseases. The liver fibrosis process has a complex pathophysiology and is often dependent on exogenous factors such as the treatment used and endogenous factors such as the gut microbiome. However, the factors that link IBD and liver fibrosis are not yet clear. The main purpose of the review is to try to find links between IBD and selected liver diseases and to identify knowledge gaps that will inform further research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jolanta Gruszecka
- Institute of Health Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Clinical Hospital No. 2, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Rafał Filip
- Institute of Medicine, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
- Department of Gastroenterology with IBD Unit, Clinical Hospital No. 2, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
- Correspondence:
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87
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Zhao Q, Liang L, Zhai F, Ling G, Xiang R, Jiang X. A bibliometric and visualized analysis of liver fibrosis from 2002 to 2022. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 38:359-369. [PMID: 36459993 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.16081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Fibrosis of the liver is a degenerative alteration that occurs in the majority of chronic liver disorders. Further progression can lead to cirrhosis, liver failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma, which can seriously affect the health and lives of patients. The field of liver fibrosis research has flourished in the last 20 years, with approximately 9000 articles retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection database alone. In order to identify future research hotspots and potential paths in a thorough and scientifically reliable manner, it is important to organize and visualize the research on this topic from a holistic and very general perspective. This study used bibliometric analysis with CiteSpace and VOSviewer software to provide a quantitative analysis, hotspot mining, and commentary of articles published in the field of liver fibrosis over the last 20 years. This bibliometric analysis contains a total of 8994 articles with 45667 authors from 6872 institutions in 97 countries, published in 1371 journals and citing 156 309 references. The literature volume has steadily increased over the last 20 years. Research has focused on gastroenterology and hepatology, pharmacology and pharmacy, and medicine, research, and experimental areas. We found that the pathological mechanisms, diagnostic and quantitative methods, etiology, and antifibrotic strategies constitute the knowledge structure of liver fibrosis. Finding mechanisms for liver fibrosis regression, identifying precise noninvasive diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, and creating efficient liver fibrosis patient treatments are the main goals of current research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Zhao
- Faculty of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Luhua Liang
- School of Medical Equipment, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Fei Zhai
- School of Medical Equipment, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Guixia Ling
- School of Medical Equipment, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Rongwu Xiang
- School of Medical Equipment, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.,Liaoning Professional Technology Innovation Center on Medical Big Data and Artificial Intelligence, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Xiwei Jiang
- School of Medical Equipment, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
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Paliwal VM, Kundu S, Kulhari U, Jala A, Ishteyaque S, Borkar RM, Mugale MN, Murty US, Sahu BD. Alternanthera brasiliana L. extract alleviates carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury and fibrotic changes in mice: Role of matrix metalloproteinases and TGF-β/Smad axis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 303:115992. [PMID: 36509261 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Alternanthera brasiliana L. is a flowering plant belonging to the family Amaranthaceae and is popularly known as "penicillin". It is used in folk medicine to treat infections, coughs, wound healing, and inflammatory diseases. AIM OF THE STUDY We investigated the effect of Alternanthera brasiliana L. leaves hydroalcoholic extract (AB) against oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrotic changes in an experimental model of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver injury and fibrosis in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-six male Balb/C mice were randomized into five groups: normal control, AB control, CCl4 control, CCl4 + AB-200 mg/kg, and CCl4 + AB-400 mg/kg. In mice, liver injury was induced by intraperitoneal injection of CCl4 (20% in corn oil, 5 ml/kg body weight) thrice a week for six consecutive weeks. AB extract at two doses (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg body weight) was administered orally for six consecutive weeks. Liver injury-related serum markers (ALT, AST, ALP), antioxidants (GSH, GST, SOD, and vitamin C), pro-inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-18, ultrasonographic and histological alterations, proteins of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), nuclear factor-κB (p65) (NF-κB), nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), and TGF-β/Smad signaling were accessed. LC-Q-TOF-MS/MS analysis of AB was performed. RESULTS AB treatment significantly decreased the CCl4-induced rise in serum ALT, AST, and ALP activities and improved the histological alterations. Compared with the CCl4-treated group, treatment with AB significantly restored the hepatic antioxidants and reduced the pro-inflammatory cytokines in the liver. The antioxidant activity of AB may be attributed to its terpenoid constituents, which was confirmed by LC-Q-TOF-MS/MS analysis. The CCl4-induced rise in expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 and decrease in TIMP-1 were markedly restored in the AB-treated groups. Further findings revealed a significant reduction in the protein levels of phospho-NF-κB (p65), NLRP3, TGF-β, pSmad2/3, collagen I, and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in the AB treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS The hepatoprotective effect of AB may be attributed to the high content of terpenoid compounds and alleviates liver injury and associated fibrotic changes through modulating MMPs, NF-κB (p65), and the TGF-β/Smad axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay M Paliwal
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Changsari, PIN-781101, Assam, India
| | - Sourav Kundu
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Changsari, PIN-781101, Assam, India
| | - Uttam Kulhari
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Changsari, PIN-781101, Assam, India
| | - Aishwarya Jala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Changsari, PIN-781101, Assam, India
| | - Sharmeen Ishteyaque
- Toxicology & Experimental Medicine, CSIR- Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI), Lucknow, 226 031, India
| | - Roshan M Borkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Changsari, PIN-781101, Assam, India
| | - Madhav Nilakanth Mugale
- Toxicology & Experimental Medicine, CSIR- Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI), Lucknow, 226 031, India
| | - Upadhyayula Suryanarayana Murty
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Changsari, PIN-781101, Assam, India
| | - Bidya Dhar Sahu
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Changsari, PIN-781101, Assam, India.
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89
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Wang R, Liu F, Chen P, Li S, Gu Y, Wang L, Chen C, Yuan Y. Gomisin D alleviates liver fibrosis through targeting PDGFRβ in hepatic stellate cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 235:123639. [PMID: 36822287 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Platelet-derived growth factor receptor β (PDGFRβ) plays an important role in hepatic fibrosis and is closely associated with hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) activation. Previously, by modeling PDGFRβ affinity chromatography, we found that gomisin D can target PDGFRβ. However, whether gomisin D has anti-fibrosis effects through targeting PDGFRβ remained unclear. In this study, the effect of gomisin D on hepatic fibrosis was evaluated in vivo and vitro. HSC cell lines and primary HSC were cultured and functionally we found that gomisin D promotes HSC apoptosis, inhibits HSCs activation and proliferation. A male BALB/c mouse liver fibrosis model was established to comfirm gomisin D (especially in 50 mg/kg) could improve liver fibrosis by inhibiting HSCs activation. In addition, gomisin D had a good binding ability with PDGFRβ (KD = 3.3e-5 M). Mechanically, gomisin D regulated PDGF-BB/PDGFRβ signaling pathway by targeting PDGFRβ, further more inhibited HSC activation, subsequently inhibited inflammatory factors, ultimately improved CCl4-induced liver fibrosis. Overall, gomisin D could inhibit HSC proliferation and activation, promote HSC apoptosis, and alleviate CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis by targeting PDGFRβ and regulating PDGF-BB/PDGFRβ signaling pathway. This study provides a new drug for anti-liver firbosis therapy, and elucidates the deeper mechanism of gomisin D against HSCs activation by targeting PDGFRβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 280 Mohe Rd, Shanghai 201999, China
| | - Fangbin Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 280 Mohe Rd, Shanghai 201999, China; School of Medicine, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Baoshan District, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Panpan Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 280 Mohe Rd, Shanghai 201999, China
| | - Shengnan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 280 Mohe Rd, Shanghai 201999, China
| | - Yanqiu Gu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 280 Mohe Rd, Shanghai 201999, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 280 Mohe Rd, Shanghai 201999, China
| | - Chun Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 280 Mohe Rd, Shanghai 201999, China
| | - Yongfang Yuan
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 280 Mohe Rd, Shanghai 201999, China.
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90
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Yin X, Guo X, Liu Z, Wang J. Advances in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032844. [PMID: 36769165 PMCID: PMC9917647 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent chronic liver disease that affects approximately one-quarter of the global adult population, posing a significant threat to human health with wide-ranging social and economic implications. The main characteristic of NAFLD is considered that the excessive fat is accumulated and deposited in hepatocytes without excess alcohol intake or some other pathological causes. NAFLD is a progressive disease, ranging from steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, liver transplantation, and death. Therefore, NAFLD will probably emerge as the leading cause of end-stage liver disease in the coming decades. Unlike other highly prevalent diseases, NAFLD has received little attention from the global public health community. Liver biopsy is currently considered the gold standard for the diagnosis and staging of NAFLD because of the absence of noninvasive and specific biomarkers. Due to the complex pathophysiological mechanisms of NAFLD and the heterogeneity of the disease phenotype, no specific pharmacological therapies have been approved for NAFLD at present, although several drugs are in advanced stages of development. This review summarizes the current evidence on the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunzhe Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Xiangyu Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Zuojia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- Correspondence: (Z.L.); (J.W.)
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, NY 11794-3400, USA
- Correspondence: (Z.L.); (J.W.)
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91
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Fawzy MA, Nasr G, Ali FEM, Fathy M. Quercetin potentiates the hepatoprotective effect of sildenafil and/or pentoxifylline against intrahepatic cholestasis: Role of Nrf2/ARE, TLR4/NF-κB, and NLRP3/IL-1β signaling pathways. Life Sci 2023; 314:121343. [PMID: 36592787 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIM Intrahepatic cholestasis is a common pathological condition of several types of liver disorders. In this study, we aimed to investigate the regulatory effects of quercetin (QU) on selected phosphodiesterase inhibitors against alpha-naphthyl isothiocyanate (ANIT)-induced acute intrahepatic cholestasis. METHODS Cholestasis was induced in Wistar albino rats by ANIT as a single dose (60 mg/kg; P·O.). QU (50 mg/kg, daily, P·O.), sildenafil (Sild; 10 mg/kg, twice daily, P·O.), and pentoxifylline (PTX; 50 mg/kg, daily, P.O.) were evaluated either alone or in combinations for 10 days for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-pyroptotic effects. RESULTS ANIT produced a prominent intrahepatic cholestasis as evidenced by a significant alteration in liver functions, histological structure, inflammatory response, and oxidative stress biomarkers. Furthermore, up-regulation of NF-κB-p65, TLR4, NLRP3, cleaved caspase-1, IKK-β, and IL-1β concurrently with down-regulation of Nrf-2, HO-1, and PPAR-γ expressions were observed after ANIT. QU, Sild, or PTX treatment significantly alleviated the disturbance induced by ANIT. These findings were further supported by the improvement in histopathological features. Additionally, co-administration of QU with Sild or PTX significantly improved liver defects due to ANIT as compared to the individual drugs. SIGNIFICANCE Combined QU with Sild or PTX exhibited promising hepatoprotective effects and anti-cholestatic properties through modulation of Nrf2/ARE, TLR4/NF- κB, and NLRP3/IL-1β signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Fawzy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt.
| | - Gehad Nasr
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt.
| | - Fares E M Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt.
| | - Moustafa Fathy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt; Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
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Hepatoprotective Efficacy of Cycloastragenol Alleviated the Progression of Liver Fibrosis in Carbon-Tetrachloride-Treated Mice. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11010231. [PMID: 36672739 PMCID: PMC9855659 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11010231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The continuous death of hepatocytes induced by various etiologies leads to an aberrant tissue healing process and promotes the progression of liver fibrosis and ultimately chronic liver diseases. To date, effective treatments to delay this harmful process remain an unmet clinical need. Cycloastragenol is an active phytochemical substance isolated from Astragalus membranaceus, a plant used in traditional Chinese medicine to protect the liver. Therefore, our study aimed to elucidate the efficacy of cycloastragenol on carbon-tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver fibrosis in mice. We found that cycloastragenol at 200 mg/kg dosage exhibited anti-fibrotic efficacy as demonstrated by a decrease in collagen deposition, downregulation of mRNA expression of collagen type 1, and a reduction in the content of total collagens. In addition, cycloastragenol further augmented the levels of anti-fibrotic matrix metalloproteinases (Mmps), that is, Mmp8, proMmp9, and Mmp12, which play a pivotal role in fibrosis resolution. According to histological analysis and serum markers of hepatotoxicity, cycloastragenol protected the livers from damage and mitigated the increment of serum alanine aminotransferase and bilirubin implicating hepatoprotective efficacy against CCl4. Moreover, cycloastragenol upregulated the mRNA expression of interleukin 6, a pleiotropic cytokine plays a vital role in the promotion of hepatocyte regeneration. In conclusion, cycloastragenol alleviated the progression of liver fibrosis in CCl4-treated mice and its anti-fibrotic efficacy was mainly due to the hepatoprotective efficacy.
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93
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Li L, Zhu Z. Pharmacological modulation of ferroptosis as a therapeutic target for liver fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2023; 13:1071844. [PMID: 36703745 PMCID: PMC9871257 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1071844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis, which is characterized by the excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) materials (primarily fibrillar collagen-I), is an abnormal repair reaction and pathological outcome of chronic liver diseases caused by alcohol abuse, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and chronic hepatitis B and C virus infections. Liver fibrosis often progresses to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Ferroptosis, characterized by lipid peroxidation, is a form of iron-dependent non-apoptotic cell death, and recent studies have reported that ferroptosis contribute to the development of liver fibrosis. Moreover, several agents have demonstrated therapeutic effects in experimental liver fibrosis models by inducing hepatic stellate cell (HSCs) ferroptosis. This review delineates the specific mechanism by which ferroptosis contributes to the development of liver fibrosis. Specifically, we focused on the different types of therapeutic agents that can induce HSCs ferroptosis and summarize their pharmacological effectiveness for liver fibrosis treatment. We suggest that HSCs ferroptosis may be a potential useful target of novel therapies for preventing and treating liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Li
- Liver Transplantation Center, Clinical Research Center for Pediatric Liver Transplantation, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,Department of hepatobiliary surgery, Chifeng Municipal Hospital, Chifeng, China
| | - Zhijun Zhu
- Liver Transplantation Center, Clinical Research Center for Pediatric Liver Transplantation, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Zhijun Zhu,
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Xue H, Xing HJ, Wang B, Fu C, Zhang YS, Qiao X, Guo C, Zhang XL, Hu B, Zhao X, Deng LJ, Zhu XC, Zhang Y, Liu YF. Cinchonine, a Potential Oral Small-Molecule Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist, Lowers Blood Glucose and Ameliorates Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis. Drug Des Devel Ther 2023; 17:1417-1432. [PMID: 37197367 PMCID: PMC10184894 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s404055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) is an effective therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Research has focused on small-molecule GLP-1R agonists because of their ease of use in oral formulations and improved patient compliance. However, no small-molecule GLP-1R agonists are currently available in the market. We aimed to screen for a potential oral small-molecule GLP-1R agonist and evaluated its effect on blood glucose and NASH. Methods The Connectivity map database was used to screen for candidate small-molecule compounds. Molecular docking was performed using SYBYL software. Rat pancreatic islets were incubated in different concentrations glucose solutions, with cinchonine or Exendin (9-39) added to determine insulin secretion levels. C57BL/6 mice, GLP-1R-/- mice and hGLP-1R mice were used to conduct oral glucose tolerance test. In addition, we fed ob/ob mice with the GAN diet to induce the NASH model. Cinchonine (50 mg/kg or 100 mg/kg) was administered orally twice daily to the mice. Serum liver enzymes were measured using biochemical analysis. Liver tissues were examined using Hematoxylin-eosin staining, Oil Red O staining and Sirius Red staining. Results Based on the small intestinal transcriptome of geniposide, a recognized small-molecule GLP-1R agonist, we identified that cinchonine exerted GLP-1R agonist-like effects. Cinchonine had a good binding affinity for GLP-1R. Cinchonine promoted glucose-dependent insulin secretion, which could be attenuated significantly by Exendin (9-39), a specific GLP-1R antagonist. Moreover, cinchonine could reduce blood glucose in C57BL/6 and hGLP-1R mice, an effect that could be inhibited with GLP-1R knockout. In addition, cinchonine reduced body weight gain and food intake in ob/ob-GAN NASH mice dose-dependently. 100 mg/kg cinchonine significantly improved liver function by reducing the ALT, ALP and LDH levels. Importantly, 100 mg/kg cinchonine ameliorated hepatic steatosis and fibrosis in NASH mice. Conclusion Cinchonine, a potential oral small-molecule GLP-1R agonist, could reduce blood glucose and ameliorate NASH, providing a strategy for developing small-molecule GLP-1R agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Xue
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao-Jie Xing
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chao Fu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-Shan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xi Qiao
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chao Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Li Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-Jiao Deng
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Chan Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Yi Zhang; Yun-Feng Liu, Tel +86-18835102847; +86-18703416169, Email ;
| | - Yun-Feng Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, People’s Republic of China
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95
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Wang MX, Luo W, Ye L, Jin LM, Yang B, Zhang QH, Qian JC, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Liang G. Dectin-1 plays a deleterious role in high fat diet-induced NAFLD of mice through enhancing macrophage activation. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2023; 44:120-132. [PMID: 35689091 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-022-00926-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The innate immune response and inflammation contribute to hepatic steatosis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Dectin-1 is a pathogen recognition receptor in innate immunity. In this study, we investigated the role of Dectin-1 in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. We first showed that Dectin-1 expression was significantly elevated in liver tissues of patients with NASH. NAFLD was induced in mice by feeding high fat diet (HFD) for 24 weeks. At the end of treatment, mice were sacrificed, and their blood and liver tissues were collected for analyses. We showed HFD feeding also increased liver Dectin-1 levels in mice, associated with macrophage infiltration. Either gene knockout or co-administration of a Dectin-1 antagonist laminarin (150 mg/kg twice a day, ip, from 16th week to 24th week) largely protected the livers from HFD-induced lipid accumulation, fibrosis, and elaboration of inflammatory responses. In primary mouse peritoneal macrophages (MPMs), challenge with palmitate (PA, 200 μM), an abundant saturated fatty acid found in NAFLD, significantly activated Dectin-1 signaling pathway, followed by transcriptionally regulated production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Dectin-1 was required for hepatic macrophage activation and inflammatory factor induction. Condition media generated from Dectin-1 deficient macrophages failed to cause hepatocyte lipid accumulation and hepatic stellate activation. In conclusion, this study provides the primary evidence supporting a deleterious role for Dectin-1 in NAFLD through enhancing macrophage pro-inflammatory responses and suggests that it can be targeted to prevent inflammatory NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Xiu Wang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Wu Luo
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.,Medical Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Lin Ye
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Lei-Ming Jin
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Qian-Hui Zhang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Jian-Chang Qian
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 311399, China
| | - Guang Liang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China. .,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 311399, China.
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96
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Yang Zhou J. Innate immunity and early liver inflammation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1175147. [PMID: 37205101 PMCID: PMC10187146 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1175147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The innate system constitutes a first-line defence mechanism against pathogens. 80% of the blood supply entering the human liver arrives from the splanchnic circulation through the portal vein, so it is constantly exposed to immunologically active substances and pathogens from the gastrointestinal tract. Rapid neutralization of pathogens and toxins is an essential function of the liver, but so too is avoidance of harmful and unnecessary immune reactions. This delicate balance of reactivity and tolerance is orchestrated by a diverse repertoire of hepatic immune cells. In particular, the human liver is enriched in many innate immune cell subsets, including Kupffer cells (KCs), innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) like Natural Killer (NK) cells and ILC-like unconventional T cells - namely Natural Killer T cells (NKT), γδ T cells and Mucosal-associated Invariant T cells (MAIT). These cells reside in the liver in a memory-effector state, so they respond quickly to trigger appropriate responses. The contribution of aberrant innate immunity to inflammatory liver diseases is now being better understood. In particular, we are beginning to understand how specific innate immune subsets trigger chronic liver inflammation, which ultimately results in hepatic fibrosis. In this review, we consider the roles of specific innate immune cell subsets in early inflammation in human liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Yang Zhou
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, Regensburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Jordi Yang Zhou,
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97
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Qu B, Liu X, Liang Y, Zheng K, Zhang C, Lu L. Salidroside in the Treatment of NAFLD/NASH. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202200401. [PMID: 36210339 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the commonest reason for chronic liver diseases in the world and is commonly related to the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a deteriorating form of NAFLD, which can eventually develop into fibrosis, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. The reason for NAFLD/NASH development is complicated, such as liver lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, inflammatory response, apoptosis and autophagy, liver fibrosis and gut microbiota. Apart from bariatric surgery and lifestyle changes, officially approved drug therapy for NAFLD/NASH treatment is lacking. Salidroside (SDS) is a phenolic compound extensively distributed in the tubers of Rhodiola plants, which possesses many significant biological activities. This review summarized the related targets regulated by SDS in treating NAFLD/NASH. It is indicated that SDS could improve the status of NAFLD/NASH by ameliorating abnormal lipid metabolism, inhibiting oxidative stress, regulating apoptosis and autophagy, reducing inflammatory response, alleviating fibrosis and regulating gut microbiota. In conclusion, although the multiple bioactivities of SDS have been confirmed, the clinical data are inadequate and need to become the focus of attention in the later study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baozhen Qu
- Qingdao Cancer Prevention and Treatment Research Institute, Qingdao Central Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Qingdao University, 127 Siliunan Road, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Xuemao Liu
- Qingdao Cancer Prevention and Treatment Research Institute, Qingdao Central Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Qingdao University, 127 Siliunan Road, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Yanjiao Liang
- Department of Oncology Center, Qingdao Central Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Keke Zheng
- Department of Oncology Center, Qingdao Central Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Chunling Zhang
- Qingdao Cancer Prevention and Treatment Research Institute, Qingdao Central Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Qingdao University, 127 Siliunan Road, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Linlin Lu
- Qingdao Cancer Prevention and Treatment Research Institute, Qingdao Central Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Qingdao University, 127 Siliunan Road, Qingdao, 266042, China
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98
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Wang S, Li XY, Ji HF, Shen L. Modulation of gut microbiota by glycyrrhizic acid may contribute to its anti-NAFLD effect in rats fed a high-fat diet. Life Sci 2022; 310:121110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Abstract
AIM Fibrosis is a common pathological feature of most types of chronic liver injuries. There is no specific treatment for liver fibrosis at present. The liver microenvironment, which fosters the survival and activity of liver cells, plays an important role in maintaining the normal structure and physiological function of the liver. The aim of this review is to deeply understand the role of the liver microenvironment in the dynamic and complicated development of liver fibrosis. METHODS After searching in Elsevier ScienceDirect, PubMed and Web of Science databases using 'liver fibrosis' and 'microenvironment' as keywords, studies related to microenvironment in liver fibrosis was compiled and examined. RESULTS The homeostasis of the liver microenvironment is disrupted during the development of liver fibrosis, affecting liver cell function, causing various types of cell reactions, and changing the cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, eventually affecting fibrosis formation. CONCLUSION Liver microenvironment may be important for identifying potential therapeutic targets, and restoring microenvironment homeostasis may be an important strategy for promoting the reversal of liver fibrosis.KEY MESSAGESThe homeostasis of the liver microenvironment is disrupted in liver fibrosis;A pro-fibrotic microenvironment is formed during the development of liver fibrosis;Restoring microenvironment homeostasis may be an important strategy for promoting the reversal of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Meng
- Department of General Medicine, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Tong Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University First Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Zhengyi Zhang
- Department of General Medicine, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Dekui Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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Advance of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Chronic End-Stage Liver Disease Control. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2022:1526217. [PMID: 36248254 PMCID: PMC9568364 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1526217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The chronic liver diseases will slowly develop into liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and even liver cancer if no proper control is performed with high efficiency. Up to now, the most effective treatment for end-stage liver diseases is liver transplantation. However, liver transplantation has the problems of donor deficiency, low matching rate, surgical complications, high cost, and immune rejection. These problems indicate that novel therapeutic strategies are urgently required. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are somatic stem cells with multidirectional differentiation potential and self-renewal ability. MSCs can secrete a large number of cytokines, chemokines, immunomodulatory molecules, and hepatotrophic factors, as well as produce extracellular vesicles. They alleviate liver diseases by differentiating to hepatocyte-like cells, immunomodulation, homing to the injured site, regulating cell ferroptosis, regulating cell autophagy, paracrine effects, and MSC-mitochondrial transfer. In this review, we focus on the main resources of MSCs, underlying therapeutic mechanisms, clinical applications, and efforts made to improve MSC-based cell therapy efficiency.
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