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Yan J, Cai J, Zhang B, Wang Y, Wong DF, Siu SWI. Recent Progress in the Discovery and Design of Antimicrobial Peptides Using Traditional Machine Learning and Deep Learning. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:1451. [PMID: 36290108 PMCID: PMC9598685 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11101451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance has become a critical global health problem due to the abuse of conventional antibiotics and the rise of multi-drug-resistant microbes. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a group of natural peptides that show promise as next-generation antibiotics due to their low toxicity to the host, broad spectrum of biological activity, including antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and anti-parasitic activities, and great therapeutic potential, such as anticancer, anti-inflammatory, etc. Most importantly, AMPs kill bacteria by damaging cell membranes using multiple mechanisms of action rather than targeting a single molecule or pathway, making it difficult for bacterial drug resistance to develop. However, experimental approaches used to discover and design new AMPs are very expensive and time-consuming. In recent years, there has been considerable interest in using in silico methods, including traditional machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) approaches, to drug discovery. While there are a few papers summarizing computational AMP prediction methods, none of them focused on DL methods. In this review, we aim to survey the latest AMP prediction methods achieved by DL approaches. First, the biology background of AMP is introduced, then various feature encoding methods used to represent the features of peptide sequences are presented. We explain the most popular DL techniques and highlight the recent works based on them to classify AMPs and design novel peptide sequences. Finally, we discuss the limitations and challenges of AMP prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jielu Yan
- PAMI Research Group, Department of Computer and Information Science, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Jianxiu Cai
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Macao Polytechnic University, Macau, China
- Institute of Science and Environment, University of Saint Joseph, Estr. Marginal da Ilha Verde, Macau, China
| | - Bob Zhang
- PAMI Research Group, Department of Computer and Information Science, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Yapeng Wang
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Macao Polytechnic University, Macau, China
| | - Derek F. Wong
- NLP2CT Lab, Department of Computer and Information Science, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Shirley W. I. Siu
- Institute of Science and Environment, University of Saint Joseph, Estr. Marginal da Ilha Verde, Macau, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang 11800, Malaysia
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Doderlin: Isolation and Characterization of a Broad-Spectrum Antimicrobial Peptide from Lactobacillus acidophilus. Res Microbiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2022.103995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Ramírez-Ledesma MG, Rodríguez MC, Alva-Murillo N, Avila EE. The antimicrobial peptides LL-37, KR-20, FK-13 and KR-12 inhibit the growth of a sensitive and a metronidazole-resistant strain of Trichomonas vaginalis. Parasitol Res 2022; 121:3503-3512. [PMID: 36171407 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-022-07674-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The parasite Trichomonas vaginalis is the aetiologic agent of trichomoniasis, the most common non-viral sexually transmitted disease worldwide. This infection often remains asymptomatic and is related to several health complications. The traditional treatment for trichomoniasis uses drugs of the 5-nitroimidazole family, such as metronidazole; however, scientific reports indicate an increasing number of drug-resistant strains. Antimicrobial peptides could be an alternative or complementary treatment. In this sense, one attractive candidate is the human cathelicidin, being LL-37 its active form. LL-37 possesses microbicidal activity against many microorganisms such as bacteria, Candida albicans, and Entamoeba histolytica. Shorter sequences derived from this peptide, such as KR-20, FK-13 and KR-12, have been shown to possess a higher microbicidal effect than LL-37. In this study, we determined the activity of LL-37 and its derivatives against T. vaginalis, which was unknown. The results showed that the four peptides (LL-37, KR-20, FK-13-NH2 and KR-12) decreased the viability of T. vaginalis on a 5-nitroimidazole-sensitive and a 5-nitroimidazole-resistant strain; however, KR-20 was the most effective peptide, followed by FK-13-NH2. Low concentrations of all peptides showed a better effect when combined with metronidazole in the sensitive and resistant T. vaginalis strains. These results are promising for potential future therapeutic uses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mayra C Rodríguez
- Biology Department, DCNE, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Nayeli Alva-Murillo
- Biology Department, DCNE, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Eva E Avila
- Biology Department, DCNE, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico.
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Jurgec S, Jezernik G, Gorenjak M, Büdefeld T, Potočnik U. Meta-Analytic Comparison of Global RNA Transcriptomes of Acute and Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Cells Reveals Novel Gene Candidates Governing Myeloid Malignancies. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194681. [PMID: 36230605 PMCID: PMC9562668 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Despite advances in the understanding of genetic risk factors and molecular mechanisms underlying acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), clinical outcomes of current therapies in terms of disease relapse and mortality rate pose a great economic and social burden. To overcome this, the identification of new molecular prognostic biomarkers and pharmacological targets is crucial. Recent studies have suggested that AML and CML may share common pathogenic mechanisms and cellular substrates. To this end, in the present study, global transcriptome profiles of AML and CML at the molecular and cellular level were directly compared using a combination of meta-analysis and modern statistics, and novel candidate genes and specific biological processes associated with the pathogenesis of AML and CML were characterized. Our study significantly improves our current understanding of myeloid leukemia and will help develop new therapeutic targets and biomarkers for disease progression, management and treatment response. Abstract Background: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) represent a group of hematological malignancies characterized by the pathogenic clonal expansion of leukemic myeloid cells. The diagnosis and clinical outcome of AML and CML are complicated by genetic heterogeneity of disease; therefore, the identification of novel molecular biomarkers and pharmacological targets is of paramount importance. Methods: RNA-seq-based transcriptome data from a total of five studies were extracted from NCBI GEO repository and subjected to an in-depth bioinformatics analysis to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between AML and CML. A systemic literature survey and functional gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis were performed for the top 100 DEGs to identify novel candidate genes and biological processes associated with AML and CML. Results: LINC01554, PTMAP12, LOC644936, RPS27AP20 and FAM133CP were identified as novel risk genes for AML and CML. GO enrichment analysis showed that DEGs were significantly associated with pre-RNA splicing, reactive oxygen species and glycoprotein metabolism, the cellular endomembrane system, neutrophil migration and antimicrobial immune response. Conclusions: Our study revealed novel biomarkers and specific biological processes associated with AML and CML. Further studies are required to evaluate their value as molecular targets for managing and treating the myeloid malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Staša Jurgec
- Center for Human Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
- Laboratory for Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Genomics, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Gregor Jezernik
- Center for Human Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Mario Gorenjak
- Center for Human Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Tomaž Büdefeld
- Center for Human Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Uroš Potočnik
- Center for Human Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
- Laboratory for Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Genomics, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
- Department for Science and Research, University Medical Centre Maribor, Ljubljanska ulica 5, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +386-2-2345-854
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Saini J, Kaur P, Malik N, Lakhawat SS, Sharma PK. Antimicrobial peptides: A promising tool to combat multidrug resistance in SARS CoV2 era. Microbiol Res 2022; 265:127206. [PMID: 36162150 PMCID: PMC9491010 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019), a life-threatening viral infection, is caused by a highly pathogenic virus named SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2). Currently, no treatment is available for COVID-19; hence there is an urgent need to find effective therapeutic drugs to combat COVID-19 pandemic. Considering the fact that the world is facing a major issue of antimicrobial drug resistance, naturally occurring compounds have the potential to achieve this goal. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are naturally occurring antimicrobial agents which are effective against a wide variety of microbial infections. Therefore, the use of AMPs is an attractive therapeutic strategy for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection. This review sheds light on the potential of antimicrobial peptides as antiviral agents followed by a comprehensive description of effective antiviral peptides derived from various natural sources found to be effective against SARS-CoV and other respiratory viruses. It also highlights the mechanisms of action of antiviral peptides with special emphasis on their effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasleen Saini
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab, India
| | - Pritpal Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab, India
| | - Naveen Malik
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
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Lobognon VD, Alard JE. Could AMPs and B-cells be the missing link in understanding periodontitis? Front Immunol 2022; 13:887147. [PMID: 36211356 PMCID: PMC9532695 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.887147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal diseases are common inflammatory conditions characterized by bone loss in response to simultaneous bacterial aggression and host defenses. The etiology of such diseases is still not completely understood, however. It has been shown that specific pathogens involved in the build-up of dysbiotic biofilms participate actively in the establishment of periodontitis. This multifactorial pathology also depends on environmental factors and host characteristics, especially defenses. The immune response to the pathogens seems to be critical in preventing the disease from starting but also contributes to tissue damage. It is known that small molecules known as antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are key actors in the innate immune response. They not only target microbes, but also act as immuno-modulators. They can help to recruit or activate cells such as neutrophils, monocytes, dendritic cells, or lymphocytes. AMPs have already been described in the periodontium, and their expression seems to be connected to disease activity. Alpha and beta defensins and LL37 are the AMPs most frequently linked to periodontitis. Additionally, leukocyte infiltrates, especially B-cells, have also been linked to the severity of periodontitis. Indeed, the particular subpopulations of B-cells in these infiltrates have been linked to inflammation and bone resorption. A link between B-cells and AMP could be relevant to understanding B-cells' action. Some AMP receptors, such as chemokines receptors, toll-like receptors, or purinergic receptors, have been shown to be expressed by B-cells. Consequently, the action of AMPs on B-cell subpopulations could participate to B-cell recruitment, their differentiation, and their implication in both periodontal defense and destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Dominique Lobognon
- B lymphocytes, Autoimmunity and Immunotherapies (LBAI), Mixed Research Unit (UMR)1227 INSERM, University of Brest, Brest, France
| | - Jean-Eric Alard
- B lymphocytes, Autoimmunity and Immunotherapies (LBAI), Mixed Research Unit (UMR)1227 INSERM, University of Brest, Brest, France,Service d’Odontologie, University Hospital (CHU) de Brest, Brest, France,*Correspondence: Jean-Eric Alard,
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Brzeski J, Wyrzykowski D, Chylewska A, Makowski M, Papini AM, Makowska J. Metal-Ion Interactions with Dodecapeptide Fragments of Human Cationic Antimicrobial Protein LL-37 [hCAP(134-170)]. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:6911-6921. [PMID: 36047059 PMCID: PMC9483913 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c05200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Isothermal titration calorimetry, circular dichroism (CD) techniques, and in silico analysis were used to determine potential metal binding sites in human cationic antimicrobial protein (hCAP) corresponding to overlapping the dodecapeptide sequences of hCAP(134-170) referred to as LL-37. The correct antibacterial action of LL-37 is closely related to its established unique structure. Disturbances in the LL-37 structure (e.g., unwanted presence of metal ions) lead to a radical change in its biological functions. Five fragments of the LL-37 [hCAP(134-170)], namely, hCAP(134-145) (A1), hCAP(140-151) (A2), hCAP(146-157) (A3), hCAP(152-163) (A4), and hCAP(159-170) (A5), were taken into account and their affinity to Mn(II) and Zn(II) ions was rigorously assessed. We prove that only three of the investigated peptides (A1, A2, and A5) are capable of forming thermodynamically stable complexes with metal ions. Additionally, based on density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we propose the most likely coordination modes of metal(II) to peptides as well as discuss the chemical nature of the interactions. Finally, we present the structural features of the strongest binding peptide, hCAP(159-170), responsible for the metal binding. The presented results provide important structural and thermodynamic information to understand the influence of some metal ions on the activity of hCAP(134-170).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Brzeski
- Faculty
of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15218, United States
| | - Dariusz Wyrzykowski
- Faculty
of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Chylewska
- Faculty
of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Mariusz Makowski
- Faculty
of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Anna Maria Papini
- Interdepartmental
Research Unit of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, Department
of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Joanna Makowska
- Faculty
of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
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de Tapia L, García-Fojeda B, Kronqvist N, Johansson J, Casals C. The collectin SP-A and its trimeric recombinant fragment protect alveolar epithelial cells from the cytotoxic and proinflammatory effects of human cathelicidin in vitro. Front Immunol 2022; 13:994328. [PMID: 36105805 PMCID: PMC9464622 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.994328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Human cathelicidin (LL-37) is a defense peptide with antimicrobial activity against various pathogens. However, LL-37 can also trigger tissue injury by binding to host cell membranes. The cytotoxic effects of LL-37 may be especially relevant in chronic respiratory diseases characterized by increased LL-37. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the human collectin SP-A and a trimeric recombinant fragment thereof (rfhSP-A) can regulate the activities of LL-37. To this end, we studied the interaction of LL-37 with SP-A and rfhSP-A by intrinsic fluorescence, dynamic light scattering, and circular dichroism, as well as the effects of these proteins on the antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of LL-37. Both SP-A and rfhSP-A bound LL-37 with high affinity at physiological ionic strength (KD = 0.45 ± 0.01 nM for SP-A and 1.22 ± 0.7 nM for rfhSP-A). Such interactions result in the reduction of LL-37-induced cell permeability and IL-8 release in human pneumocytes, mediated by P2X7 channels. Binding of LL-37 to SP-A did not modify the properties of SP-A or the antibacterial activity of LL-37 against respiratory pathogens (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae). SP-A/LL-37 complexes showed a greater ability to aggregate LPS vesicles than LL-37, which reduces endotoxin bioactivity. These results reveal the protective role of native SP-A in controlling LL-37 activities and suggest a potential therapeutic effect of rfhSP-A in reducing the cytotoxic and inflammatory actions of LL-37, without affecting its microbicidal activity against Gram-negative pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia de Tapia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén García-Fojeda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nina Kronqvist
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Neo, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Jan Johansson
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Neo, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Cristina Casals
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Acen EL, Kateete DP, Worodria W, Olum R, Joloba ML, Bbuye M, Biraro IA. Evaluation of circulating serum cathelicidin levels as a potential biomarker to discriminate between active and latent tuberculosis in Uganda. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0272788. [PMID: 36018845 PMCID: PMC9416991 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background
Tuberculosis remains a major public health problem worldwide accounting for 1.4 million deaths annually. LL-37 is an effector molecule involved in immunity with both antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties. The purpose of this study was to compare LL-37 circulatory levels among participants with active and latent tuberculosis and to determine its ability to discriminate between the two infectious states.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was performed among 56 active tuberculosis patients, 49 latent tuberculosis individuals, and 43 individuals without tuberculosis infection. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to assess LL-37 levels. Data analysis was performed using STATA software and Graph pad Prism version 8. Mann-Whitney U test was used for correlation between variables with two categories and the Kruskal-Wallis test for three or more categories.
Results
The study had more female participants than males, with similar median ages across the three groups, 29.5, 25.0, and 23.0 years respectively. Active tuberculosis patients had significantly higher LL-37 levels compared to those with latent tuberculosis and without tuberculosis. The median/interquartile ranges were 318.8 ng/ml (157.9–547.1), 242.2 ng/ml (136.2–579.3), 170.9 ng/ml (129.3–228.3); p = 0.002 respectively. Higher LL-37 was found in the male participant with median/interquartile range, 424.8 ng/ml (226.2–666.8) compared to the females 237.7 ng/ml (129.6–466.6); p = 0.045. LL-37 had better discriminatory potential between active tuberculosis and no tuberculosis (AUC = 0.71, sensitivity 71.4% specificity = 69.8%) than with latent tuberculosis (AUC = 0.55, sensitivity = 71.4%, specificity = 44.9%). There was moderate differentiation between latent tuberculosis and no tuberculosis (AUC = 0.63, sensitivity = 44.9% specificity = 90.7%).
Conclusion
Significantly higher LL-37 levels were observed among active tuberculosis patients than those without tuberculosis infection and were, therefore able to discriminate between active tuberculosis and other tuberculosis infectious states, especially with no tuberculosis. Further assessment of this biomarker as a screening tool to exclude tuberculosis is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Lilian Acen
- Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
- * E-mail:
| | - David Patrick Kateete
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - William Worodria
- Pulmonary Division, Department of Medicine, Mulago National Referral Hospital, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Ronald Olum
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences Unit, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Moses L. Joloba
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Mudarshiru Bbuye
- Makerere Lung Institute College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Irene Andia Biraro
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences Unit, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
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Eiro N, Fraile M, González-Jubete A, González LO, Vizoso FJ. Mesenchymal (Stem) Stromal Cells Based as New Therapeutic Alternative in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Basic Mechanisms, Experimental and Clinical Evidence, and Challenges. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23168905. [PMID: 36012170 PMCID: PMC9408403 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23168905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are an example of chronic diseases affecting 40% of the population, which involved tissue damage and an inflammatory process not satisfactorily controlled with current therapies. Data suggest that mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) may be a therapeutic option for these processes, and especially for IBD, due to their multifactorial approaches such as anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative stress, anti-apoptotic, anti-fibrotic, regenerative, angiogenic, anti-tumor, or anti-microbial. However, MSC therapy is associated with important limitations as safety issues, handling difficulties for therapeutic purposes, and high economic cost. MSC-derived secretome products (conditioned medium or extracellular vesicles) are therefore a therapeutic option in IBD as they exhibit similar effects to their parent cells and avoid the issues of cell therapy. In this review, we proposed further studies to choose the ideal tissue source of MSC to treat IBD, the implementation of new standardized production strategies, quality controls and the integration of other technologies, such as hydrogels, which may improve the therapeutic effects of derived-MSC secretome products in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Eiro
- Research Unit, Fundación Hospital de Jove, Av. de Eduardo Castro, 161, 33290 Gijón, Spain
- Correspondence: (N.E.); (F.J.V.); Tel.: +34-98-5320050 (ext. 84216) (N.E.); Fax: +34-98-531570 (N.E.)
| | - Maria Fraile
- Research Unit, Fundación Hospital de Jove, Av. de Eduardo Castro, 161, 33290 Gijón, Spain
| | | | - Luis O. González
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Fundación Hospital de Jove, Av. de Eduardo Castro, 161, 33290 Gijón, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Vizoso
- Research Unit, Fundación Hospital de Jove, Av. de Eduardo Castro, 161, 33290 Gijón, Spain
- Department of Surgery, Fundación Hospital de Jove, Av. de Eduardo Castro, 161, 33290 Gijón, Spain
- Correspondence: (N.E.); (F.J.V.); Tel.: +34-98-5320050 (ext. 84216) (N.E.); Fax: +34-98-531570 (N.E.)
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Moeinabadi-Bidgoli K, Rezaee M, Rismanchi H, Mohammadi MM, Babajani A. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Antimicrobial Peptides as Potential Anti-Neoplastic Agents: New Insight into Anticancer Mechanisms of Stem Cells and Exosomes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:900418. [PMID: 35874827 PMCID: PMC9298847 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.900418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), as adult multipotent cells, possess considerable regenerative and anti-neoplastic effects, from inducing apoptosis in the cancer cells to reducing multidrug resistance that bring them up as an appropriate alternative for cancer treatment. These cells can alter the behavior of cancer cells, the condition of the tumor microenvironment, and the activity of immune cells that result in tumor regression. It has been observed that during inflammatory conditions, a well-known feature of the tumor microenvironment, the MSCs produce and release some molecules called “antimicrobial peptides (AMPs)” with demonstrated anti-neoplastic effects. These peptides have remarkable targeted anticancer effects by attaching to the negatively charged membrane of neoplastic cells, disrupting the membrane, and interfering with intracellular pathways. Therefore, AMPs could be considered as a part of the wide-ranging anti-neoplastic effects of MSCs. This review focuses on the possible anti-neoplastic effects of MSCs-derived AMPs and their mechanisms. It also discusses preconditioning approaches and using exosomes to enhance AMP production and delivery from MSCs to cancer cells. Besides, the clinical administration of MSCs-derived AMPs, along with their challenges in clinical practice, were debated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasra Moeinabadi-Bidgoli
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastroenterology Disorders Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Malihe Rezaee
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Rismanchi
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Amirhesam Babajani
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Meng X, Yang Y, Wu Y, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Zhou W, Guo M, Li L. Inflammatory factor expression in HaCaT cells and melanin synthesis in melanocytes: Effects of Ganoderma lucidum fermentation broth containing Chinese medicine. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2022.2096067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xianyao Meng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunli Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuehang Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyan Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Weiqiang Zhou
- Nutrition & Health Research Institute, COFCO Corporation, Beijing, China
| | - Miaomiao Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
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Wollny T, Wnorowska U, Piktel E, Suprewicz Ł, Król G, Głuszek K, Góźdź S, Kopczyński J, Bucki R. Sphingosine-1-Phosphate-Triggered Expression of Cathelicidin LL-37 Promotes the Growth of Human Bladder Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:7443. [PMID: 35806446 PMCID: PMC9267432 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been proven that tumour growth and progression are regulated by a variety of mediators released during the inflammatory process preceding the tumour appearance, but the role of inflammation in the development of bladder cancer is ambiguous. This study was designed around the hypothesis that sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), as a regulator of several cellular processes important in both inflammation and cancer development, may exert some of the pro-tumorigenic effects indirectly due to its ability to regulate the expression of human cathelicidin (hCAP-18). LL-37 peptide released from hCAP-18 is involved in the development of various types of cancer in humans, especially those associated with infections. Using immunohistological staining, we showed high expression of hCAP-18/LL-37 and sphingosine kinase 1 (the enzyme that forms S1P from sphingosine) in human bladder cancer cells. In a cell culture model, S1P was able to stimulate the expression and release of hCAP-18/LL-37 from human bladder cells, and the addition of LL-37 peptide dose-dependently increased their proliferation. Additionally, the effect of S1P on LL-37 release was inhibited in the presence of FTY720P, a synthetic immunosuppressant that blocks S1P receptors. Together, this study presents the possibility of paracrine relation in which LL-37 production following cell stimulation by S1P promotes the development and growth of bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Wollny
- Holy Cross Oncology Center of Kielce, Artwińskiego 3, 25-734 Kielce, Poland; (T.W.); (K.G.); (S.G.); (J.K.)
| | - Urszula Wnorowska
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland; (U.W.); (Ł.S.)
| | - Ewelina Piktel
- Independent Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2B, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Łukasz Suprewicz
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland; (U.W.); (Ł.S.)
| | - Grzegorz Król
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce, IX Wieków Kielc 19A, 25-317 Kielce, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Głuszek
- Holy Cross Oncology Center of Kielce, Artwińskiego 3, 25-734 Kielce, Poland; (T.W.); (K.G.); (S.G.); (J.K.)
| | - Stanisław Góźdź
- Holy Cross Oncology Center of Kielce, Artwińskiego 3, 25-734 Kielce, Poland; (T.W.); (K.G.); (S.G.); (J.K.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce, IX Wieków Kielc 19A, 25-317 Kielce, Poland;
| | - Janusz Kopczyński
- Holy Cross Oncology Center of Kielce, Artwińskiego 3, 25-734 Kielce, Poland; (T.W.); (K.G.); (S.G.); (J.K.)
| | - Robert Bucki
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland; (U.W.); (Ł.S.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce, IX Wieków Kielc 19A, 25-317 Kielce, Poland;
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64
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Kolesinski P, Wang KC, Hirose Y, Nizet V, Ghosh P. An M protein coiled coil unfurls and exposes its hydrophobic core to capture LL-37. eLife 2022; 11:e77989. [PMID: 35726694 PMCID: PMC9212996 DOI: 10.7554/elife.77989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Surface-associated, coiled-coil M proteins of Streptococcus pyogenes (Strep A) disable human immunity through interaction with select proteins. However, coiled coils lack features typical of protein-protein interaction sites, and it is therefore challenging to understand how M proteins achieve specific binding, for example, with the human antimicrobial peptide LL-37, leading to its neutralization. The crystal structure of a complex of LL-37 with M87 protein, an antigenic M protein variant from a strain that is an emerging threat, revealed a novel interaction mode. The M87 coiled coil unfurled and asymmetrically exposed its hydrophobic core to capture LL-37. A single LL-37 molecule was bound by M87 in the crystal, but in solution additional LL-37 molecules were recruited, consistent with a 'protein trap' neutralization mechanism. The interaction mode visualized crystallographically was verified to contribute significantly to LL-37 resistance in an M87 Strep A strain and was identified to be conserved in a number of other M protein types that are prevalent in human populations. Our results provide specific detail for therapeutic inhibition of LL-37 neutralization by M proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Kolesinski
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, San DiegoLa JollaUnited States
| | - Kuei-Chen Wang
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, San DiegoLa JollaUnited States
| | - Yujiro Hirose
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San DiegoLa JollaUnited States
| | - Victor Nizet
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San DiegoLa JollaUnited States
| | - Partho Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, San DiegoLa JollaUnited States
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65
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Khairkhah N, Bolhassani A, Agi E, Namvar A, Nikyar A. Immunological investigation of a multiepitope peptide vaccine candidate based on main proteins of SARS-CoV-2 pathogen. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268251. [PMID: 35679246 PMCID: PMC9182696 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiepitope vaccines could induce multiantigenic immunity against large complex pathogens with different strain variants. Herein, the in silico, in vitro and in vivo studies were used to design and develop a novel candidate antigenic multiepitope vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 pathogen. The designed multiepitope construct targets the spike glycoprotein (S), membrane protein (M), and nucleocapsid phosphoprotein (N) of SARS-CoV-2 (i.e., the S-N-M construct). This construct contains the cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL)-, helper T lymphocyte (HTL)-, and linear B lymphocyte (LBL)-inducing epitopes. The multiepitope s-n-m fusion gene was subcloned in prokaryotic (pET24a) and eukaryotic (pcDNA3.1) expression vectors. Its expression was evaluated in mammalian cell line using LL37 cell penetrating peptide. Moreover, the recombinant multiepitope S-N-M peptide was produced in E. coli strain. Finally, mice were immunized using homologous and heterologous regimens for evaluation of immune responses. Our data indicated that the multiepitope S-N-M peptide construct combined with Montanide 720 in homologous regimen significantly stimulated total IgG, IgG2a, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-15, IL-21 and IL-6, and Granzyme B secretion as compared to other groups. Moreover, the pcDNA-s-n-m/ LL37 nanoparticles significantly induced higher immune responses than the naked DNA in both homologous and heterologous regimens. In general, our designed multiepitope vaccine construct can be considered as a vaccine candidate in SARS-CoV-2 infection model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloofar Khairkhah
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- Iranian Comprehensive Hemophilia Care Center, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Azam Bolhassani
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elnaz Agi
- Iranian Comprehensive Hemophilia Care Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Namvar
- Iranian Comprehensive Hemophilia Care Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Nikyar
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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66
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Tokajuk J, Deptuła P, Piktel E, Daniluk T, Chmielewska S, Wollny T, Wolak P, Fiedoruk K, Bucki R. Cathelicidin LL-37 in Health and Diseases of the Oral Cavity. Biomedicines 2022; 10:1086. [PMID: 35625823 PMCID: PMC9138798 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10051086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms for maintaining oral cavity homeostasis are subject to the constant influence of many environmental factors, including various chemicals and microorganisms. Most of them act directly on the oral mucosa, which is the mechanical and immune barrier of the oral cavity, and such interaction might lead to the development of various oral pathologies and systemic diseases. Two important players in maintaining oral health or developing oral pathology are the oral microbiota and various immune molecules that are involved in controlling its quantitative and qualitative composition. The LL-37 peptide is an important molecule that upon release from human cathelicidin (hCAP-18) can directly perform antimicrobial action after insertion into surface structures of microorganisms and immunomodulatory function as an agonist of different cell membrane receptors. Oral LL-37 expression is an important factor in oral homeostasis that maintains the physiological microbiota but is also involved in the development of oral dysbiosis, infectious diseases (including viral, bacterial, and fungal infections), autoimmune diseases, and oral carcinomas. This peptide has also been proposed as a marker of inflammation severity and treatment outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Tokajuk
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Białystok, Poland; (J.T.); (P.D.); (T.D.); (S.C.); (K.F.)
- Dentistry and Medicine Tokajuk, Zelazna 9/7, 15-297 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Piotr Deptuła
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Białystok, Poland; (J.T.); (P.D.); (T.D.); (S.C.); (K.F.)
| | - Ewelina Piktel
- Independent Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2B, 15-222 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Tamara Daniluk
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Białystok, Poland; (J.T.); (P.D.); (T.D.); (S.C.); (K.F.)
| | - Sylwia Chmielewska
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Białystok, Poland; (J.T.); (P.D.); (T.D.); (S.C.); (K.F.)
| | - Tomasz Wollny
- Holy Cross Oncology Center of Kielce, Artwińskiego 3, 25-734 Kielce, Poland;
| | - Przemysław Wolak
- Institute of Medical Science, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce, IX Wieków Kielc 19A, 25-317 Kielce, Poland;
| | - Krzysztof Fiedoruk
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Białystok, Poland; (J.T.); (P.D.); (T.D.); (S.C.); (K.F.)
| | - Robert Bucki
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Białystok, Poland; (J.T.); (P.D.); (T.D.); (S.C.); (K.F.)
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67
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Lokhande KB, Banerjee T, Swamy KV, Ghosh P, Deshpande M. An in silico scientific basis for LL-37 as a therapeutic for Covid-19. Proteins 2022; 90:1029-1043. [PMID: 34333809 PMCID: PMC8441666 DOI: 10.1002/prot.26198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A multi-pronged approach with help in all forms possible is essential to completely overcome the Covid-19 pandemic. There is a requirement to research as many new and different types of approaches as possible to cater to the entire world population, complementing the vaccines with promising results. The need is also because SARS-CoV-2 has several unknown or variable facets which get revealed from time to time. In this work, in silico scientific findings are presented, which are indicative of the potential for the use of the LL-37 human anti-microbial peptide as a therapeutic against SARS-CoV-2. This indication is based on the high structural similarity of LL-37 to the N-terminal helix, with which the virus interacts, of the receptor for SARS-CoV-2, Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2. Moreover, there is positive prediction of binding of LL-37 to the receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV-2; this is the first study to have described this interaction. In silico data on the safety of LL-37 are also reported. As Vitamin D is known to upregulate the expression of LL-37, the vitamin is a candidate preventive molecule. This work provides the possible basis for an inverse correlation between Vitamin D levels in the body and the severity of or susceptibility to Covid-19, as widely reported in literature. With the scientific link put forth herein, Vitamin D could be used at an effective, medically prescribed, safe dose as a preventive. The information in this report would be valuable in bolstering the worldwide efforts to eliminate the pandemic as early as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Bharat Lokhande
- Bioinformatics Research Laboratory, Dr. D.Y. Patil Biotechnology and Bioinformatics InstitutePuneMaharashtraIndia
- Dr. D.Y. Patil Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Bangalore‐Mumbai HighwayPuneMaharashtraIndia
| | - Tanushree Banerjee
- Dr. D.Y. Patil Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Bangalore‐Mumbai HighwayPuneMaharashtraIndia
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Dr. D.Y. Patil Biotechnology and Bioinformatics InstitutePuneMaharashtraIndia
| | - Kakumani Venkateswara Swamy
- MIT School of Bioengineering Sciences & Research, A Constituent Unit of MIT ArtDesign and Technology UniversityPuneMaharashtraIndia
| | - Payel Ghosh
- Bioinformatics Centre, Savitribai Phule Pune UniversityPuneMaharashtraIndia
| | - Manisha Deshpande
- Dr. D.Y. Patil Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Bangalore‐Mumbai HighwayPuneMaharashtraIndia
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68
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Polymeric Coatings and Antimicrobial Peptides as Efficient Systems for Treating Implantable Medical Devices Associated-Infections. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14081611. [PMID: 35458361 PMCID: PMC9024559 DOI: 10.3390/polym14081611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Many infections are associated with the use of implantable medical devices. The excessive utilization of antibiotic treatment has resulted in the development of antimicrobial resistance. Consequently, scientists have recently focused on conceiving new ways for treating infections with a longer duration of action and minimum environmental toxicity. One approach in infection control is based on the development of antimicrobial coatings based on polymers and antimicrobial peptides, also termed as “natural antibiotics”.
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Kumari S, Booth V. Antimicrobial Peptide Mechanisms Studied by Whole-Cell Deuterium NMR. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052740. [PMID: 35269882 PMCID: PMC8910884 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Much of the work probing antimicrobial peptide (AMP) mechanisms has focussed on how these molecules permeabilize lipid bilayers. However, AMPs must also traverse a variety of non-lipid cell envelope components before they reach the lipid bilayer. Additionally, there is a growing list of AMPs with non-lipid targets inside the cell. It is thus useful to extend the biophysical methods that have been traditionally applied to study AMP mechanisms in liposomes to the full bacteria, where the lipids are present along with the full complexity of the rest of the bacterium. This review focusses on what can be learned about AMP mechanisms from solid-state NMR of AMP-treated intact bacteria. It also touches on flow cytometry as a complementary method for measuring permeabilization of bacterial lipid membranes in whole bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarika Kumari
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1C 5S7, Canada;
| | - Valerie Booth
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1C 5S7, Canada;
- Department of Physics and Physical Oceanography, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1C 5S7, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-709-864-4523
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Leannec-Rialland V, Atanasova V, Chereau S, Tonk-Rügen M, Cabezas-Cruz A, Richard-Forget F. Use of Defensins to Develop Eco-Friendly Alternatives to Synthetic Fungicides to Control Phytopathogenic Fungi and Their Mycotoxins. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:229. [PMID: 35330231 PMCID: PMC8950385 DOI: 10.3390/jof8030229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Crops are threatened by numerous fungal diseases that can adversely affect the availability and quality of agricultural commodities. In addition, some of these fungal phytopathogens have the capacity to produce mycotoxins that pose a serious health threat to humans and livestock. To facilitate the transition towards sustainable environmentally friendly agriculture, there is an urgent need to develop innovative methods allowing a reduced use of synthetic fungicides while guaranteeing optimal yields and the safety of the harvests. Several defensins have been reported to display antifungal and even-despite being under-studied-antimycotoxin activities and could be promising natural molecules for the development of control strategies. This review analyses pioneering and recent work addressing the bioactivity of defensins towards fungal phytopathogens; the details of approximately 100 active defensins and defensin-like peptides occurring in plants, mammals, fungi and invertebrates are listed. Moreover, the multi-faceted mechanism of action employed by defensins, the opportunity to optimize large-scale production procedures such as their solubility, stability and toxicity to plants and mammals are discussed. Overall, the knowledge gathered within the present review strongly supports the bright future held by defensin-based plant protection solutions while pointing out the obstacles that still need to be overcome to translate defensin-based in vitro research findings into commercial products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Leannec-Rialland
- Université de Bordeaux, UR1264 Mycology and Food Safety (MycSA), INRAE, 33882 Villenave d’Ornon, France;
| | - Vessela Atanasova
- UR1264 Mycology and Food Safety (MycSA), INRAE, 33882 Villenave d’Ornon, France; (V.A.); (S.C.)
| | - Sylvain Chereau
- UR1264 Mycology and Food Safety (MycSA), INRAE, 33882 Villenave d’Ornon, France; (V.A.); (S.C.)
| | - Miray Tonk-Rügen
- Institute for Insect Biotechnology, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Justus Liebig University, Wilhelmstrasse 20, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Alejandro Cabezas-Cruz
- Anses, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, UMR Parasitic Molecular Biology and Immunology (BIPAR), Laboratoire de Santé Animale, INRAE, 94700 Maison-Alfort, France
| | - Florence Richard-Forget
- UR1264 Mycology and Food Safety (MycSA), INRAE, 33882 Villenave d’Ornon, France; (V.A.); (S.C.)
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71
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Bodahl S, Cerps S, Uller L, Nilsson BO. LL-37 and Double-Stranded RNA Synergistically Upregulate Bronchial Epithelial TLR3 Involving Enhanced Import of Double-Stranded RNA and Downstream TLR3 Signaling. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020492. [PMID: 35203701 PMCID: PMC8962275 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The human host defense peptide LL-37 influences double-stranded RNA signaling, but this process is not well understood. Here, we investigate synergistic actions of LL-37 and synthetic double-stranded RNA (poly I:C) on toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) expression and signaling, and examine underlying mechanisms. In bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells, LL-37 potentiated poly I:C-induced TLR3 mRNA and protein expression demonstrated by qPCR and Western blot, respectively. Interestingly, these effects were associated with increased uptake of rhodamine-tagged poly I:C visualized by immunocytochemistry. The LL-37/poly I:C-induced upregulation of TLR3 mRNA expression was prevented by the endosomal acidification inhibitor chloroquine, indicating involvement of downstream TLR3 signaling. The glucocorticoid dexamethasone reduced LL-37/poly I:C-induced TLR3 expression on both mRNA and protein levels, and this effect was associated with increased IκBα protein expression, suggesting that dexamethasone acts via attenuation of NF-κB activity. We conclude that LL-37 potentiates poly I:C-induced upregulation of TLR3 through a mechanism that may involve enhanced import of poly I:C and that LL-37/poly I:C-induced TLR3 expression is associated with downstream TLR3 signaling and sensitive to inhibition of NF-κB activity.
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72
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Nikyar A, Bolhassani A, Rouhollah F, Heshmati M. In Vitro Delivery of HIV-1 Nef-Vpr DNA Construct Using the Human Antimicrobial Peptide LL-37. Curr Drug Deliv 2022; 19:1083-1092. [PMID: 35176981 DOI: 10.2174/1567201819666220217164055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES DNA-based therapeutic vaccines have been proposed as promising strategy for treatment of established HIV infections. However, these vaccines are often associated with certain shortcomings, such as poor immunogenicity and low transfection efficiency. In this study, we investigated ability of LL-37 to deliver a potential immunogenic fusion construct comprising HIV-1 nef and vpr genes into a mammalian cell line. METHODS First, the pEGFP-N1 eukaryotic expression vector harboring the HIV-1 nef-vpr fusion was produced free of endotoxin on large scale. Then, DNA/LL-37 complexes were prepared by co-incubation of pEGFP-nef-vpr with LL-37 for 45 minutes at different nitrogen to phosphate (N/P) ratios. Formation of DNA/peptide complexes was investigated by gel retardation assay. Next, stability and morphological characteristics of the nanoparticles were evaluated. Toxicity of LL-37 and the nanoparticles in HEK-293T cells was assessed by MTT assay. Transfection efficiency of the DNA/LL-37 complexes was studied by fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry, and western blot analysis. RESULTS LL-37 formed stable complexes with pEGFP-nef-vpr (diameter of 150-200 nm) while providing good protection against nucleolytic and proteolytic degradation. The peptide significantly affected cell viability even at low concentrations. However, the LL-37/DNA complexes had no significant cytotoxic effect. Treatment of cells with pEGFP-N1/LL-37 and pEGFP-nef-vpr/LL-37 resulted in transfection of 36.32% ± 1.13 and 25.55% ± 2.07 of cells, respectively. CONCLUSION Given these findings and the important immunomodulatory and antiviral activities of LL-37, the use of this peptide can be further exploited in the development of novel gene delivery strategies and vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Nikyar
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azam Bolhassani
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDs, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rouhollah
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Heshmati
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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73
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Antimicrobial Peptides as a Promising Therapeutic Strategy for Neisseria Infections. Curr Microbiol 2022; 79:102. [DOI: 10.1007/s00284-022-02767-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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74
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Cathelicidin hCAP18/LL-37 promotes cell proliferation and suppresses antitumor activity of 1,25(OH) 2D 3 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:27. [PMID: 35039485 PMCID: PMC8763942 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-00816-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Cathelicidin hCAP18/LL-37 can resist infection from various pathogens and is an essential component of the human immune system. Accumulating evidence has indicated that hCAP18/LL-37 plays a tissue-specific role in human cancer. However, its function in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is poorly understood. The present study investigated the effects of hCAP18/LL-37 on HCC in vitro and in vivo. Results showed that hCAP18/LL-37 overexpression significantly promoted the proliferation of cultured HCC cells and the growth of PLC/PRF-5 xenograft tumor. Transcriptome sequencing analyses revealed that the PI3K/Akt pathway was the most significant upregulated pathway induced by LL-37 overexpression. Further analysis demonstrated that hCAP18/LL-37 stimulated the phosphorylation of EGFR/HER2 and activated the PI3K/Akt pathway in HCC cells. Furthermore, stronger EGFR/HER2/Akt signals were observed in the PLC/PRF-5LL-37 xenograft tumor. Interestingly, even though the expression of hCAP18/LL-37 was significantly downregulated in HCC cells and tumors, 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment significantly upregulated the hCAP18/LL-37 level both in HCC cells and xenograft tumors. Moreover, 1,25(OH)2D3 together with si-LL-37 significantly enhanced the antitumor activity of 1,25(OH)2D3 in the PLC/PRF-5 xenograft tumor. Collectively, these data suggest that hCAP18/LL-37 promotes HCC cells proliferation through stimulation of the EGFR/HER2/Akt signals and appears to suppress the antitumor activity of 1,25(OH)2D3 in HCC xenograft tumor. This implies that hCAP18/LL-37 may be an important target when aiming to improve the antitumor activity of 1,25(OH)2D3 supplementation therapy in HCC.
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75
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Silva ARP, Guimarães M, Rabelo J, Belen L, Perecin C, Farias J, Picado Madalena Santos JH, Rangel-Yagui CO. Recent advances in the design of antimicrobial peptide conjugates. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:3587-3600. [DOI: 10.1039/d1tb02757c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are ubiquitous host defense peptides characterized by antibiotic activity and lower propensity for developing resistance compared to classic antibiotics. While several AMPs have shown activity against antibiotic-sensitive...
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76
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Weng T, Wang J, Yang M, Zhang W, Wu P, You C, Han C, Wang X. Nanomaterials for the delivery of bioactive factors to enhance angiogenesis of dermal substitutes during wound healing. BURNS & TRAUMA 2022; 10:tkab049. [PMID: 36960274 PMCID: PMC8944711 DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkab049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Dermal substitutes provide a template for dermal regeneration and reconstruction. They constitutes an ideal clinical treatment for deep skin defects. However, rapid vascularization remains as a major hurdle to the development and application of dermal substitutes. Several bioactive factors play an important regulatory role in the process of angiogenesis and an understanding of the mechanism of achieving their effective delivery and sustained function is vital. Nanomaterials have great potential for tissue engineering. Effective delivery of bioactive factors (including growth factors, peptides and nucleic acids) by nanomaterials is of increasing research interest. This paper discusses the process of dermal substitute angiogenesis and the roles of related bioactive factors in this process. The application of nanomaterials for the delivery of bioactive factors to enhance angiogenesis and accelerate wound healing is also reviewed. We focus on new systems and approaches for delivering bioactive factors for enhancing angiogenesis in dermal substitutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Weng
- Department of Burns & Wound Care Centre, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 310002, China
- Key Laboratory of The Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Trauma and Burn of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310002,China
| | - Jialiang Wang
- Department of Burns & Wound Care Centre, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 310002, China
- Key Laboratory of The Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Trauma and Burn of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310002,China
| | - Min Yang
- Department of Burns & Wound Care Centre, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 310002, China
- Key Laboratory of The Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Trauma and Burn of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310002,China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Burns & Wound Care Centre, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 310002, China
- Key Laboratory of The Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Trauma and Burn of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310002,China
| | - Pan Wu
- Department of Burns & Wound Care Centre, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 310002, China
- Key Laboratory of The Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Trauma and Burn of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310002,China
| | - Chuangang You
- Department of Burns & Wound Care Centre, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 310002, China
- Key Laboratory of The Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Trauma and Burn of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310002,China
| | - Chunmao Han
- Department of Burns & Wound Care Centre, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 310002, China
- Key Laboratory of The Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Trauma and Burn of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310002,China
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77
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Luong HX, Ngan HD, Thi Phuong HB, Quoc TN, Tung TT. Multiple roles of ribosomal antimicrobial peptides in tackling global antimicrobial resistance. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2022; 9:211583. [PMID: 35116161 PMCID: PMC8790363 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.211583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In the last century, conventional antibiotics have played a significant role in global healthcare. Antibiotics support the body in controlling bacterial infection and simultaneously increase the tendency of drug resistance. Consequently, there is a severe concern regarding the regression of the antibiotic era. Despite the use of antibiotics, host defence systems are vital in fighting infectious diseases. In fact, the expression of ribosomal antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) has been crucial in the evolution of innate host defences and has been irreplaceable to date. Therefore, this valuable source is considered to have great potential in tackling the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) crisis. Furthermore, the possibility of bacterial resistance to AMPs has been intensively investigated. Here, we summarize all aspects related to the multiple applications of ribosomal AMPs and their derivatives in combating AMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huy Xuan Luong
- Faculty of Pharmacy, PHENIKAA University, Hanoi 12116, Vietnam
- PHENIKAA Institute for Advanced Study (PIAS), PHENIKAA University, Hanoi 12116, Vietnam
| | | | | | - Thang Nguyen Quoc
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Vinmec Healthcare System, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam
| | - Truong Thanh Tung
- Faculty of Pharmacy, PHENIKAA University, Hanoi 12116, Vietnam
- PHENIKAA Institute for Advanced Study (PIAS), PHENIKAA University, Hanoi 12116, Vietnam
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78
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Geitani R, Moubareck CA, Costes F, Marti L, Dupuis G, Sarkis DK, Touqui L. Bactericidal effects and stability of LL-37 and CAMA in the presence of human lung epithelial cells. Microbes Infect 2021; 24:104928. [PMID: 34954126 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2021.104928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAMPs) are important actors in host innate immunity and represent a promising alternative to combat antibiotic resistance. Here, the bactericidal activity of two CAMPs (LL-37, and CAMA) was evaluated against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) in the presence of IB3-1 cells, a cell line derived from patients with cystic fibrosis. The two CAMPs exerted different effects on PA survival depending on the timing of their administration. We observed a greater bactericidal effect when IB3-1 cells were pretreated with sub-minimum bactericidal concentrations (Sub-MBCs) of the CAMPs prior to infection. These findings suggest that CAMPs induce the production of factors by IB3-1 cells that improve their bactericidal action. However, we observed no bactericidal effect when supra-minimum bactericidal concentrations (Supra-MBCs) of the CAMPs were added to IB3-1 cells at the same time or after infection. Western-blot analysis showed a large decrease in LL-37 levels in supernatants of infected IB3-1 cells and an increase in LL-37 binding to these cells after LL-37 administration. LL-37 induced a weak inflammatory response in the cells without being toxic. In conclusion, our findings suggest a potential prophylactic action of CAMPs. The bactericidal effects were low when the CAMPs were added after cell infection, likely due to degradation of CAMPs by bacterial or epithelial cell proteases and/or due to adherence of CAMPs to cells becoming less available for direct bacterial killing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Geitani
- Microbiology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Carole Ayoub Moubareck
- Microbiology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon; College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Floriane Costes
- "Sorbonne Université", INSERM UMR_S 938, "Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine" (CRSA), Paris, France; "Mucoviscidose and Bronchopathies Chroniques", Department "Santé Globale", Pasteur Institute, Paris, France
| | - Léa Marti
- "Sorbonne Université", INSERM UMR_S 938, "Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine" (CRSA), Paris, France; "Mucoviscidose and Bronchopathies Chroniques", Department "Santé Globale", Pasteur Institute, Paris, France
| | - Gabrielle Dupuis
- "Sorbonne Université", INSERM UMR_S 938, "Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine" (CRSA), Paris, France; "Mucoviscidose and Bronchopathies Chroniques", Department "Santé Globale", Pasteur Institute, Paris, France
| | - Dolla Karam Sarkis
- Microbiology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Lhousseine Touqui
- "Sorbonne Université", INSERM UMR_S 938, "Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine" (CRSA), Paris, France; "Mucoviscidose and Bronchopathies Chroniques", Department "Santé Globale", Pasteur Institute, Paris, France.
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79
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van der Ley PA, Zariri A, van Riet E, Oosterhoff D, Kruiswijk CP. An Intranasal OMV-Based Vaccine Induces High Mucosal and Systemic Protecting Immunity Against a SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Front Immunol 2021; 12:781280. [PMID: 34987509 PMCID: PMC8721663 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.781280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of more effective, accessible, and easy to administer COVID-19 vaccines next to the currently marketed mRNA, viral vector, and whole inactivated virus vaccines is essential to curtailing the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. A major concern is reduced vaccine-induced immune protection to emerging variants, and therefore booster vaccinations to broaden and strengthen the immune response might be required. Currently, all registered COVID-19 vaccines and the majority of COVID-19 vaccines in development are intramuscularly administered, targeting the induction of systemic immunity. Intranasal vaccines have the capacity to induce local mucosal immunity as well, thereby targeting the primary route of viral entry of SARS-CoV-2 with the potential of blocking transmission. Furthermore, intranasal vaccines offer greater practicality in terms of cost and ease of administration. Currently, only eight out of 112 vaccines in clinical development are administered intranasally. We developed an intranasal COVID-19 subunit vaccine, based on a recombinant, six-proline-stabilized, D614G spike protein (mC-Spike) of SARS-CoV-2 linked via the LPS-binding peptide sequence mCramp (mC) to outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) from Neisseria meningitidis. The spike protein was produced in CHO cells, and after linking to the OMVs, the OMV-mC-Spike vaccine was administered to mice and Syrian hamsters via intranasal or intramuscular prime-boost vaccinations. In all animals that received OMV-mC-Spike, serum-neutralizing antibodies were induced upon vaccination. Importantly, high levels of spike-binding immunoglobulin G (IgG) and A (IgA) antibodies in the nose and lungs were only detected in intranasally vaccinated animals, whereas intramuscular vaccination only induced an IgG response in the serum. Two weeks after their second vaccination, hamsters challenged with SARS-CoV-2 were protected from weight loss and viral replication in the lungs compared to the control groups vaccinated with OMV or spike alone. Histopathology showed no lesions in lungs 7 days after challenge in OMV-mC-Spike-vaccinated hamsters, whereas the control groups did show pathological lesions in the lung. The OMV-mC-Spike candidate vaccine data are very promising and support further development of this novel non-replicating, needle-free, subunit vaccine concept for clinical testing.
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80
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Structure and Activity of a Selective Antibiofilm Peptide SK-24 Derived from the NMR Structure of Human Cathelicidin LL-37. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14121245. [PMID: 34959645 PMCID: PMC8703873 DOI: 10.3390/ph14121245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The deployment of the innate immune system in humans is essential to protect us from infection. Human cathelicidin LL-37 is a linear host defense peptide with both antimicrobial and immune modulatory properties. Despite years of studies of numerous peptides, SK-24, corresponding to the long hydrophobic domain (residues 9–32) in the anionic lipid-bound NMR structure of LL-37, has not been investigated. This study reports the structure and activity of SK-24. Interestingly, SK-24 is entirely helical (~100%) in phosphate buffer (PBS), more than LL-37 (84%), GI-20 (75%), and GF-17 (33%), while RI-10 and 17BIPHE2 are essentially randomly coiled (helix%: 7–10%). These results imply an important role for the additional N-terminal amino acids (likely E16) of SK-24 in stabilizing the helical conformation in PBS. It is proposed herein that SK-24 contains the minimal sequence for effective oligomerization of LL-37. Superior to LL-37 and RI-10, SK-24 shows an antimicrobial activity spectrum comparable to the major antimicrobial peptides GF-17 and GI-20 by targeting bacterial membranes and forming a helical conformation. Like the engineered peptide 17BIPHE2, SK-24 has a stronger antibiofilm activity than LL-37, GI-20, and GF-17. Nevertheless, SK-24 is least hemolytic at 200 µM compared with LL-37 and its other peptides investigated herein. Combined, these results enabled us to appreciate the elegance of the long amphipathic helix SK-24 nature deploys within LL-37 for human antimicrobial defense. SK-24 may be a useful template of therapeutic potential.
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81
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Wang Z, Liu X, Duan Y, Huang Y. Infection microenvironment-related antibacterial nanotherapeutic strategies. Biomaterials 2021; 280:121249. [PMID: 34801252 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance is one of the biggest challenges in public health. There is an urgent need to discover novel agents against the occurrence of multidrug-resistant bacteria, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant enterococci. The drug-resistant pathogens are able to grow and persist in infected sites, including biofilms, phagosomes, or phagolysosomes, which are more difficult to eradicate than planktonic ones and also foster the development of drug resistance. For years, various nano-antibacterial agents have been developed in the forms of antibiotic nanocarriers. Inorganic nanoparticles with intrinsic antibacterial activity and inert nanoparticles assisted by external stimuli, including heat, photon, magnetism, or sound, have also been discovered. Many of these strategies are designed to target the unique microenvironment of bacterial infections, which have shown potent antibacterial effects in vitro and in vivo. This review summarizes ongoing efforts on antibacterial nanotherapeutic strategies related to bacterial infection microenvironments, including targeted antibacterial therapy and responsive antibiotic delivery systems. Several grand challenges and future directions for the development and translation of effective nano-antibacterial agents are also discussed. The development of innovative nano-antibacterial agents could provide powerful weapons against drug-resistant bacteria in systemic or local bacterial infections in the foreseeable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wang
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Xingyun Liu
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Yanwen Duan
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Natural Product Drug Discover, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China; National Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis for Drug Discovery, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.
| | - Yong Huang
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China; National Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis for Drug Discovery, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.
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82
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Zhu D, Chen F, Chen YC, Peng H, Wang KJ. The Long-Term Effect of a Nine Amino-Acid Antimicrobial Peptide AS-hepc3 (48-56) Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa With No Detectable Resistance. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:752637. [PMID: 34676176 PMCID: PMC8523948 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.752637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens has become a global public health crisis. Among them, MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the main cause of nosocomial infections and deaths. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are considered as competitive drug candidates to address this threat. In the study, we characterized two AMPs (AS-hepc3(41-71) and AS-hepc3(48-56)) that had potent activity against 5 new clinical isolates of MDR P. aeruginosa. Both AMPs destroyed the integrity of the cell membrane, induced leakage of intracellular components, and ultimately led to cell death. A long-term comparative study on the bacterial resistance treated with AS-hepc3(41-71), AS-hepc3(48-56) and 12 commonly used antibiotics showed that P. aeruginosa quickly developed resistance to the nine antibiotics tested (including aztreonam, ceftazidime, cefepime, imipenem, meropenem, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, gentamicin, and piperacillin) as early as 12 days after 150 days of successive culture generations. The initial effective concentration of 9 antibiotics against P. aeruginosa was greatly increased to a different high level at 150 days, however, both AS-hepc3(41-71) and AS-hepc3(48-56) maintained their initial MIC unchangeable through 150 days, indicating that P. aeruginosa did not produce any significant resistance to both AMPs. Furthermore, AS-hepc3(48-56) did not show any toxic effect on mammalian cells in vitro and mice in vivo. AS-hepc3(48-56) had a therapeutic effect on MDR P. aeruginosa infection using a mouse lung infection model and could effectively increase the survival rate of mice by inhibiting bacterial proliferation and attenuating lung inflammation. Taken together, the short peptide AS-hepc3(48-56) would be a promising agent for clinical treatment of MDR P. aeruginosa infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Depeng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Fangyi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Fujian Innovation Research Institute for Marine Biological Antimicrobial Peptide Industrial Technology, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yan-Chao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Hui Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Fujian Innovation Research Institute for Marine Biological Antimicrobial Peptide Industrial Technology, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ke-Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Fujian Innovation Research Institute for Marine Biological Antimicrobial Peptide Industrial Technology, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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83
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Mohanty S, Kamolvit W, Zambrana S, Gonzales E, Tovi J, Brismar K, Östenson CG, Brauner A. HIF-1 mediated activation of antimicrobial peptide LL-37 in type 2 diabetic patients. J Mol Med (Berl) 2021; 100:101-113. [PMID: 34651203 PMCID: PMC8724101 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-021-02134-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Infections are common in patients with diabetes, but increasing antibiotic resistance hampers successful bacterial clearance and calls for alternative treatment strategies. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) is known to influence the innate immune defense and could therefore serve as a possible target. However, the impact of high glucose on HIF-1 has received little attention and merits closer investigation. Here, we show that higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines and CAMP, encoding for the antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin, LL-37, correlate with HIF-1 in type 2 diabetic patients. Chemical activation of HIF-1 further enhanced LL-37, IL-1β, and IL-8 in human uroepithelial cells exposed to high glucose. Moreover, HIF-1 activation of transurethrally infected diabetic mice resulted in lower bacterial load. Drugs activating HIF-1 could therefore in the future potentially have a therapeutic role in clearing bacteria in diabetic patients with infections where antibiotic treatment failed. Key messages • Mohanty et al. “HIF-1 mediated activation of antimicrobial peptide LL-37 in type 2 diabetic patients.” • Our study highlights induction of the antimicrobial peptide, LL-37, and strengthening of the innate immunity through hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) in diabetes. • Our key observations are: 1. HIF-1 activation increased LL-37 expression in human urothelial cells treated with high glucose. In line with that, we demonstrated that patients with type 2 diabetes living at high altitude had increased levels of the LL-37. 2. HIF-1 activation increased IL-1β and IL-8 in human uroepithelial cells treated with high glucose concentration. 3. Pharmacological activation of HIF-1 decreased bacterial load in the urinary bladder of mice with hereditary diabetes. • We conclude that enhancing HIF-1 may along with antibiotics in the future contribute to the treatment in selected patient groups where traditional therapy is not possible. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00109-021-02134-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumitra Mohanty
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, 17176, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Witchuda Kamolvit
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, 17176, Stockholm, Sweden.,Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Silvia Zambrana
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Area de Farmacologia, Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas Y Bioquimicas, Instituto de Investigaciones Farmaco Bioquimicas, Universidad Mayor de San Andres, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Eduardo Gonzales
- Area de Farmacologia, Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas Y Bioquimicas, Instituto de Investigaciones Farmaco Bioquimicas, Universidad Mayor de San Andres, La Paz, Bolivia
| | | | - Kerstin Brismar
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Claes-Göran Östenson
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Annelie Brauner
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, 17176, Stockholm, Sweden.
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84
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Efficacy of Cathelicidin LL-37 in an MRSA Wound Infection Mouse Model. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10101210. [PMID: 34680791 PMCID: PMC8532939 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10101210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: LL-37 is the only human antimicrobial peptide that belongs to the cathelicidins. The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of LL-37 in the management of MRSA-infected surgical wounds in mice. Methods: A wound on the back of adult male BALB/c mice was made and inoculated with Staphylococcus aureus. Two control groups were formed (uninfected and not treated, C0; infected and not treated, C1) and six contaminated groups were treated, respectively, with: teicoplanin, LL-37, given topically and /or systemically. Histological examination of VEGF expression and micro-vessel density, and bacterial cultures of wound tissues, were performed. Results: Histological examination of wounds in the group treated with topical and intraperitoneal LL-37 showed increased re-epithelialization, formation of the granulation tissue, collagen organization, and angiogenesis. Conclusions: Based on the mode of action, LL-37 has a potential future role in the management of infected wounds.
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85
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Lohova E, Vitenberga-Verza Z, Kazoka D, Pilmane M. Local Defence System in Healthy Lungs. Clin Pract 2021; 11:728-746. [PMID: 34698129 PMCID: PMC8544484 DOI: 10.3390/clinpract11040088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The respiratory system is one of the main entrance gates for infection. The aim of this work was to compare the appearance of specific mucosal pro-inflammatory and common anti-microbial defence factors in healthy lung tissue, from an ontogenetic point of view. Materials and methods: Healthy lung tissues were collected from 15 patients (three females and 12 males) in the age range from 18 to 86. Immunohistochemistry to human β defensin 2 (HBD-2), human β defensin 3 (HBD-3), human β defensin 4 (HBD-4), cathelicidine (LL-37) and interleukine 17A (IL-17A) were performed. Results: The lung tissue material contained bronchial and lung parenchyma material in which no histological changes, connected with the inflammatory process, were detected. During the study, various statistically significant differences were detected in immunoreactive expression between different factors in all lung tissue structures. Conclusion: All healthy lung structures, but especially the cartilage, alveolar epithelium and the alveolar macrophages, are the main locations for the baseline synthesis of antimicrobial proteins and IL-17A. Cartilage shows high functional plasticity of this structure, including significant antimicrobial activity and participation in local lung protection response. Interrelated changes between antimicrobial proteins in different tissue confirm baseline synergistical cooperation of all these factors in healthy lung host defence.
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86
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Croitoru DO, Piguet V. Cathelicidin LL-37 Ignites Primed NLRP3 Inflammasomes in Rosacea. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 141:2780-2782. [PMID: 34565561 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Microbes and commensal mites contribute to the development of inflammation and neurovascular dysregulation in rosacea. Cathelicidin family proteins are epithelial antimicrobial peptides expressed in higher-order mammals. In humans, mature LL-37 is cleaved from its precursor in response to microbial infection, UV light, and injury. In their new article in the Journal of Investigative Dermatology, Yoon et al. expand on existing evidence supporting LL-37 proinflammatory activity in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- and UV-primed models of rosacea. They show in vitro that LL-37 promotes NLRP3-mediated inflammasome activation through lysosomal destabilization in the presence of LPS and that the injection of LL-37 in vivo leads to skin inflammation that is abrogated by direct NLRP3 inhibition and homozygous knockout in a murine model.
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Affiliation(s)
- David O Croitoru
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vincent Piguet
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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87
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Rumpret M, von Richthofen HJ, van der Linden M, Westerlaken GHA, Talavera Ormeño C, van Strijp JAG, Landau M, Ovaa H, van Sorge NM, Meyaard L. Signal inhibitory receptor on leukocytes-1 recognizes bacterial and endogenous amphipathic α-helical peptides. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21875. [PMID: 34533845 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100812r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Signal inhibitory receptor on leukocytes-1 (SIRL-1) is a negative regulator of myeloid cell function and dampens antimicrobial responses. We here show that different species of the genus Staphylococcus secrete SIRL-1-engaging factors. By screening a library of single-gene transposon mutants in Staphylococcus aureus, we identified these factors as phenol-soluble modulins (PSMs). PSMs are amphipathic α-helical peptides involved in multiple aspects of staphylococcal virulence and physiology. They are cytotoxic and activate the chemotactic formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2) on immune cells. Human cathelicidin LL-37 is also an amphipathic α-helical peptide with antimicrobial and chemotactic activities, structurally and functionally similar to α-type PSMs. We demonstrate that α-type PSMs from multiple staphylococcal species as well as human cathelicidin LL-37 activate SIRL-1, suggesting that SIRL-1 recognizes α-helical peptides with an amphipathic arrangement of hydrophobicity, although we were not able to show direct binding to SIRL-1. Upon rational peptide design, we identified artificial peptides in which the capacity to ligate SIRL-1 is segregated from cytotoxic and FPR2-activating properties, allowing specific engagement of SIRL-1. In conclusion, we propose staphylococcal PSMs and human LL-37 as a potential new class of natural ligands for SIRL-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matevž Rumpret
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Helen J von Richthofen
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten van der Linden
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Geertje H A Westerlaken
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Cami Talavera Ormeño
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jos A G van Strijp
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Meytal Landau
- Department of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Huib Ovaa
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Nina M van Sorge
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Linde Meyaard
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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88
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Rivas-Santiago B, Jacobo-Delgado Y, Rodriguez-Carlos A. Are Host Defense Peptides and Their Derivatives Ready to be Part of the Treatment of the Next Coronavirus Pandemic? Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2021; 69:25. [PMID: 34529143 PMCID: PMC8444179 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-021-00630-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The term host defense peptides arose at the beginning to refer to those peptides that are part of the host's immunity. Because of their broad antimicrobial capacity and immunomodulatory activity, nowadays, they emerge as a hope to combat resistant multi-drug microorganisms and emerging viruses, such as the case of coronaviruses. Since the beginning of this century, coronaviruses have been part of different outbreaks and a pandemic, and they will be surely part of the next pandemics, this review analyses whether these peptides and their derivatives are ready to be part of the treatment of the next coronavirus pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Rivas-Santiago
- Biomedical Research Unit-Zacatecas, Mexican Institute for Social Security-IMSS, Col. Centro Zacatecas, Interior of Alameda #45, Zacatecas, Mexico.
| | - Yolanda Jacobo-Delgado
- Biomedical Research Unit-Zacatecas, Mexican Institute for Social Security-IMSS, Col. Centro Zacatecas, Interior of Alameda #45, Zacatecas, Mexico
| | - Adrian Rodriguez-Carlos
- Biomedical Research Unit-Zacatecas, Mexican Institute for Social Security-IMSS, Col. Centro Zacatecas, Interior of Alameda #45, Zacatecas, Mexico
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89
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Wladis EJ, Adam AP. Immune signaling in rosacea. Ocul Surf 2021; 22:224-229. [PMID: 34481075 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2021.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Rosacea is a common chronic skin disease affecting mostly people aged 40 and above, with currently no cure. When it affects the eyelids and periocular skin, it leads to dry eye and potentially corneal damage. Research performed over the last decade shed light into the potential mechanisms leading to skin hypersensitivity and provided promising avenues for development of novel, rational therapeutics aimed at reducing the skin inflammatory state. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge on the mechanisms of rosacea in general and of periocular skin-affecting disease in particular, identify key questions that remain to be answered in future research, and offer a disease model that can explain the key characteristics of this disease, with particular emphasis on a potential positive feedback loop that could explain both the acute and chronic features of rosacea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Wladis
- Lions Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Albany Medical College, 1220 New Scotland Rd, Suite 302, Slingerlands, NY, 12159, United States.
| | - Alejandro P Adam
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology and Department of Ophthalmology, Albany Medical College, United States
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90
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Bettoni S, Maziarz K, Stone MRL, Blaskovich MAT, Potempa J, Bazzo ML, Unemo M, Ram S, Blom AM. Serum Complement Activation by C4BP-IgM Fusion Protein Can Restore Susceptibility to Antibiotics in Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Front Immunol 2021; 12:726801. [PMID: 34539665 PMCID: PMC8440848 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.726801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neisseria gonorrhoeae is the etiological agent of gonorrhea, the second most common bacterial sexually transmitted infection worldwide. Reproductive sequelae of gonorrhea include infertility, ectopic pregnancy and chronic pelvic pain. Most antibiotics currently in clinical use have been rendered ineffective due to the rapid spread of antimicrobial resistance among gonococci. The developmental pipeline of new antibiotics is sparse and novel therapeutic approaches are urgently needed. Previously, we utilized the ability of N. gonorrhoeae to bind the complement inhibitor C4b-binding protein (C4BP) to evade killing by human complement to design a chimeric protein that linked the two N-terminal gonococcal binding domains of C4BP with the Fc domain of IgM. The resulting molecule, C4BP-IgM, enhanced complement-mediated killing of gonococci. Here we show that C4BP-IgM induced membrane perturbation through complement deposition and membrane attack complex pore insertion facilitates the access of antibiotics to their intracellular targets. Consequently, bacteria become more susceptible to killing by antibiotics. Remarkably, C4BP-IgM restored susceptibility to azithromycin of two azithromycin-resistant clinical gonococcal strains because of overexpression of the MtrC-MtrD-MtrE efflux pump. Our data show that complement activation can potentiate activity of antibiotics and suggest a role for C4BP-IgM as an adjuvant for antibiotic treatment of drug-resistant gonorrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Bettoni
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Karolina Maziarz
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - M Rhia L Stone
- Centre for Superbug Solutions, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Mark A T Blaskovich
- Centre for Superbug Solutions, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jan Potempa
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Department of Oral Immunity and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Maria Luiza Bazzo
- Molecular Biology, Microbiology and Serology Laboratory, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Magnus Unemo
- World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Centre for Gonorrhoea and other STIs, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Sanjay Ram
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Anna M. Blom
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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91
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Balhuizen MD, van Dijk A, Jansen JWA, van de Lest CHA, Veldhuizen EJA, Haagsman HP. Outer Membrane Vesicles Protect Gram-Negative Bacteria against Host Defense Peptides. mSphere 2021; 6:e0052321. [PMID: 34232080 PMCID: PMC8386409 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00523-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Host defense peptides (HDPs) are part of the innate immune system and constitute a first line of defense against invading pathogens. They possess antimicrobial activity against a broad spectrum of pathogens. However, pathogens have been known to adapt to hostile environments. Therefore, the bacterial response to treatment with HDPs was investigated. Previous observations suggested that sublethal concentrations of HDPs increase the release of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) in Escherichia coli. First, the effects of sublethal treatment with HDPs CATH-2, PMAP-36, and LL-37 on OMV release of several Gram-negative bacteria were analyzed. Treatment with PMAP-36 and CATH-2 induced release of OMVs, but treatment with LL-37 did not. The OMVs were further characterized with respect to morphological properties. The HDP-induced OMVs often had disc-like shapes. The beneficial effect of bacterial OMV release was studied by determining the susceptibility of E. coli toward HDPs in the presence of OMVs. The minimal bactericidal concentration was increased in the presence of OMVs. It is concluded that OMV release is a means of bacteria to dispose of HDP-affected membrane. Furthermore, OMVs act as a decoy for HDPs and thereby protect the bacterium. IMPORTANCE Antibiotic resistance is a pressing problem and estimated to be a leading cause of mortality by 2050. Antimicrobial peptides, also known as host defense peptides (HDPs), and HDP-derived antimicrobials have potent antimicrobial activity and high potential as alternatives to antibiotics due to low resistance development. Some resistance mechanisms have developed in bacteria, and complete understanding of bacterial defense against HDPs will aid their use in the clinic. This study provides insight into outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) as potential defense mechanisms against HDPs, which will allow anticipation of unforeseen resistance to HDPs in clinical use and possibly prevention of bacterial resistance by the means of OMVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie D. Balhuizen
- Section of Molecular Host Defence, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Albert van Dijk
- Section of Molecular Host Defence, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen W. A. Jansen
- Section of Cell Biology, Metabolism and Cancer, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Chris H. A. van de Lest
- Section of Cell Biology, Metabolism and Cancer, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Edwin J. A. Veldhuizen
- Section of Immunology, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Henk P. Haagsman
- Section of Molecular Host Defence, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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92
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Georgieva M, Heinonen T, Vitale A, Hargraves S, Causevic S, Pillonel T, Eberl L, Widmann C, Jacquier N. Bacterial surface properties influence the activity of the TAT-RasGAP 317-326 antimicrobial peptide. iScience 2021; 24:102923. [PMID: 34430812 PMCID: PMC8365389 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is an increasing threat for public health, underscoring the need for new antibacterial agents. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) represent an alternative to classical antibiotics. TAT-RasGAP317-326 is a recently described AMP effective against a broad range of bacteria, but little is known about the conditions that may influence its activity. Using RNA-sequencing and screening of mutant libraries, we show that Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa respond to TAT-RasGAP317-326 by regulating metabolic and stress response pathways, possibly implicating two-component systems. Our results also indicate that bacterial surface properties, in particular integrity of the lipopolysaccharide layer, influence peptide binding and entry. Finally, we found differences between bacterial species with respect to their rate of resistance emergence against this peptide. Our findings provide the basis for future investigation on the mode of action of TAT-RasGAP317-326, which may help developing antimicrobial treatments based on this peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Georgieva
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1005, Switzerland
| | - Tytti Heinonen
- Institute of Microbiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland
| | - Alessandra Vitale
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich 8008, Switzerland
| | - Simone Hargraves
- Institute of Microbiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland
| | - Senka Causevic
- Institute of Microbiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland
| | - Trestan Pillonel
- Institute of Microbiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland
| | - Leo Eberl
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich 8008, Switzerland
| | - Christian Widmann
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1005, Switzerland
- Corresponding author
| | - Nicolas Jacquier
- Institute of Microbiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland
- Corresponding author
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93
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Quemé-Peña M, Juhász T, Kohut G, Ricci M, Singh P, Szigyártó IC, Papp ZI, Fülöp L, Beke-Somfai T. Membrane Association Modes of Natural Anticancer Peptides: Mechanistic Details on Helicity, Orientation, and Surface Coverage. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168613. [PMID: 34445319 PMCID: PMC8395313 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Anticancer peptides (ACPs) could potentially offer many advantages over other cancer therapies. ACPs often target cell membranes, where their surface mechanism is coupled to a conformational change into helical structures. However, details on their binding are still unclear, which would be crucial to reach progress in connecting structural aspects to ACP action and to therapeutic developments. Here we investigated natural helical ACPs, Lasioglossin LL-III, Macropin 1, Temporin-La, FK-16, and LL-37, on model liposomes, and also on extracellular vesicles (EVs), with an outer leaflet composition similar to cancer cells. The combined simulations and experiments identified three distinct binding modes to the membranes. Firstly, a highly helical structure, lying mainly on the membrane surface; secondly, a similar, yet only partially helical structure with disordered regions; and thirdly, a helical monomeric form with a non-inserted perpendicular orientation relative to the membrane surface. The latter allows large swings of the helix while the N-terminal is anchored to the headgroup region. These results indicate that subtle differences in sequence and charge can result in altered binding modes. The first two modes could be part of the well-known carpet model mechanism, whereas the newly identified third mode could be an intermediate state, existing prior to membrane insertion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayra Quemé-Peña
- Biomolecular Self-Assembly Research Group, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok Körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (M.Q.-P.); (G.K.); (M.R.); (P.S.); (I.C.S.)
- Hevesy György Ph.D. School of Chemistry, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter Sétány 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tünde Juhász
- Biomolecular Self-Assembly Research Group, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok Körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (M.Q.-P.); (G.K.); (M.R.); (P.S.); (I.C.S.)
- Correspondence: (T.J.); (T.B.-S.)
| | - Gergely Kohut
- Biomolecular Self-Assembly Research Group, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok Körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (M.Q.-P.); (G.K.); (M.R.); (P.S.); (I.C.S.)
- Hevesy György Ph.D. School of Chemistry, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter Sétány 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Maria Ricci
- Biomolecular Self-Assembly Research Group, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok Körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (M.Q.-P.); (G.K.); (M.R.); (P.S.); (I.C.S.)
| | - Priyanka Singh
- Biomolecular Self-Assembly Research Group, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok Körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (M.Q.-P.); (G.K.); (M.R.); (P.S.); (I.C.S.)
- Hevesy György Ph.D. School of Chemistry, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter Sétány 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Imola Cs. Szigyártó
- Biomolecular Self-Assembly Research Group, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok Körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (M.Q.-P.); (G.K.); (M.R.); (P.S.); (I.C.S.)
| | - Zita I. Papp
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (Z.I.P.); (L.F.)
| | - Lívia Fülöp
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (Z.I.P.); (L.F.)
| | - Tamás Beke-Somfai
- Biomolecular Self-Assembly Research Group, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok Körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (M.Q.-P.); (G.K.); (M.R.); (P.S.); (I.C.S.)
- Correspondence: (T.J.); (T.B.-S.)
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94
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Antimicrobial Activity, Stability and Wound Healing Performances of Chitosan Nanoparticles Loaded Recombinant LL37 Antimicrobial Peptide. Int J Pept Res Ther 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-021-10268-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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95
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Bakare OO, Gokul A, Wu R, Niekerk LA, Klein A, Keyster M. Biomedical Relevance of Novel Anticancer Peptides in the Sensitive Treatment of Cancer. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1120. [PMID: 34439786 PMCID: PMC8394746 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The global increase in cancer mortality and economic losses necessitates the cautious quest for therapeutic agents with compensatory advantages over conventional therapies. Anticancer peptides (ACPs) are a subset of host defense peptides, also known as antimicrobial peptides, which have emerged as therapeutic and diagnostic candidates due to several compensatory advantages over the non-specificity of the current treatment regimens. This review aimed to highlight the ravaging incidence of cancer, the use of ACPs in cancer treatment with their mechanisms, ACP discovery and delivery methods, and the limitations for their use. This would create awareness for identifying more ACPs with better specificity, accuracy and sensitivity towards the disease. It would also promote their efficacious utilization in biotechnology, medical sciences and molecular biology to ease the severity of the disease and enable the patients living with these conditions to develop an accommodating lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olalekan Olanrewaju Bakare
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa; (R.W.); (L.-A.N.)
| | - Arun Gokul
- Department of Plant Sciences, Qwaqwa Campus, University of the Free State, Phuthaditjhaba 9866, South Africa;
| | - Ruomou Wu
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa; (R.W.); (L.-A.N.)
| | - Lee-Ann Niekerk
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa; (R.W.); (L.-A.N.)
| | - Ashwil Klein
- Plant Omics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa;
| | - Marshall Keyster
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa; (R.W.); (L.-A.N.)
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96
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Dang X, Wang G. Spotlight on the Selected New Antimicrobial Innate Immune Peptides Discovered During 2015-2019. Curr Top Med Chem 2021; 20:2984-2998. [PMID: 33092508 DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666201022143625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antibiotic resistance is a global issue and new anti-microbials are required. INTRODUCTION Anti-microbial peptides are important players of host innate immune systems that prevent infections. Due to their ability to eliminate drug-resistant pathogens, AMPs are promising candidates for developing the next generation of anti-microbials. METHODS The anti-microbial peptide database provides a useful tool for searching, predicting, and designing new AMPs. In the period from 2015-2019, ~500 new natural peptides have been registered. RESULTS This article highlights a selected set of new AMP members with interesting properties. Teixobactin is a cell wall inhibiting peptide antibiotic, while darobactin inhibits a chaperone and translocator for outer membrane proteins. Remarkably, cOB1, a sex pheromone from commensal enterococci, restricts the growth of multidrug-resistant Enterococcus faecalis in the gut at a picomolar concentration. A novel proline-rich AMP has been found in the plant Brassica napus. A shrimp peptide MjPen- II comprises three different sequence domains: serine-rich, proline-rich, and cysteine-rich regions. Surprisingly, an amphibian peptide urumin specifically inhibits H1 hemagglutinin-bearing influenza A virus. Defensins are abundant and typically consist of three pairs of intramolecular disulfide bonds. However, rat rattusin dimerizes via forming five pairs of intermolecular disulfide bonds. While human LL-37 can be induced by vitamin D, vitamin A induces the expression of resistin-like molecule alpha (RELMα) in mice. The isolation and characterization of an alternative human cathelicidin peptide, TLN-58, substantiates the concept of one gene multiple peptides. The involvement of a fly AMP nemuri in sleep induction may promote the research on the relationship between sleep and infection control. CONCLUSION The functional roles of AMPs continue to grow and the general term "innate immune peptides" becomes useful. These discoveries widen our view on the anti-microbial peptides and may open new opportunities for developing novel peptide therapeutics for different applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangli Dang
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985900 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5900, United States
| | - Guangshun Wang
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985900 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5900, United States
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97
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Kulkarni NN, O'Neill AM, Dokoshi T, Luo EWC, Wong GCL, Gallo RL. Sequence determinants in the cathelicidin LL-37 that promote inflammation via presentation of RNA to scavenger receptors. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:100828. [PMID: 34048712 PMCID: PMC8214221 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cathelicidins such as the human 37-amino acid peptide (LL-37) are peptides that not only potently kill microbes but also trigger inflammation by enabling immune recognition of endogenous nucleic acids. Here, a detailed structure-function analysis of LL-37 was performed to understand the details of this process. Alanine scanning of 34-amino acid peptide (LL-34) showed that some variants displayed increased antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and group A Streptococcus. In contrast, different substitutions clustered on the hydrophobic face of the LL-34 alpha helix inhibited the ability of those variants to promote type 1 interferon expression in response to U1 RNA or to present U1 to the scavenger receptor (SR) B1 on the keratinocyte cell surface. Small-angle X-ray scattering experiments of the LL-34 variants LL-34, F5A, I24A, and L31A demonstrated that these peptides form cognate supramolecular structures with U1 characterized by inter-dsRNA spacings of approximately 3.5 nm, a range that has been previously shown to activate toll-like receptor 3 by the parent peptide LL-37. Therefore, while alanine substitutions on the hydrophobic face of LL-34 led to loss of binding to SRs and the complete loss of autoinflammatory responses in epithelial and endothelial cells, they did not inhibit the ability to organize with U1 RNA in solution to associate with toll-like receptor 3. These observations advance our understanding of how cathelicidin mediates the process of innate immune self-recognition to enable inert nucleic acids to trigger inflammation. We introduce the term "innate immune vetting" to describe the capacity of peptides such as LL-37 to enable certain nucleic acids to become an inflammatory stimulus through SR binding prior to cell internalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil N Kulkarni
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Alan M O'Neill
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Tatsuya Dokoshi
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Elizabeth W C Luo
- Department of Bioengineering and Chemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Louisiana, USA
| | - Gerard C L Wong
- Department of Bioengineering and Chemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Louisiana, USA
| | - Richard L Gallo
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California, USA.
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98
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Ghosh SK, Weinberg A. Ramping Up Antimicrobial Peptides Against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:620806. [PMID: 34235176 PMCID: PMC8255374 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.620806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human-derived antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), such as defensins and cathelicidin LL-37, are members of the innate immune system and play a crucial role in early pulmonary defense against viruses. These AMPs achieve viral inhibition through a variety of mechanisms including, but not limited to, direct binding to virions, binding to and modulating host cell-surface receptors, blocking viral replication, and aggregation of viral particles and indirectly by functioning as chemokines to enhance or curb adaptive immune responses. Given the fact that we are in a pandemic of unprecedented severity and the urgent need for therapeutic options to combat severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), naturally expressed AMPs and their derivatives have the potential to combat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and impede viral infectivity in various ways. Provided the fact that development of effective treatments is an urgent public health priority, AMPs and their derivatives are being explored as potential prophylactic and therapeutic candidates. Additionally, cell-based platforms such as human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) therapy are showing success in saving the lives of severely ill patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. This could be partially due to AMPs released from hMSCs that also act as immunological rheostats to modulate the host inflammatory response. This review highlights the utilization of AMPs in strategies that could be implemented as novel therapeutics, either alone or in combination with other platforms, to treat CoV-2-infected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aaron Weinberg
- Department of Biological Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
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99
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Zabara M, Ren Q, Amenitsch H, Salentinig S. Bioinspired Antimicrobial Coatings from Peptide-Functionalized Liquid Crystalline Nanostructures. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:5295-5303. [PMID: 35007010 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Surface-associated microbial infections and contaminations are a major challenge in various fields including the food and health sectors. This study demonstrates the design of antimicrobial coatings based on the self-assembly of the food-grade amphiphilic lipid glycerol monooleate with the human cathelicidin-derived antimicrobial peptide LL-37. Structural properties of the coating and their alterations with composition were studied using advanced experimental methods including synchrotron grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering and ellipsometry. The integration of the LL-37 and its potential release from the nanostructured films into the surrounding solution was characterized with confocal Raman microscopy. Additional biological evaluation studies with clinically relevant bacterial strains, namely, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Gram-negative) and Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive), were performed to investigate the antimicrobial activity of the coatings. Significant killing activity of the coating was found against both bacterial strains. The presented findings contribute to the fundamental understanding of lipid-peptide self-assembly on the surface and may open up a promising strategy for designing simple, sustainable antimicrobial coatings for medical and food applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Zabara
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 9, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Qun Ren
- Laboratory for Biointerfaces, Department Materials Meet Life, Empa Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Heinz Amenitsch
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayergasse 9/V, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Stefan Salentinig
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 9, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
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100
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Rodríguez-Carlos A, Jacobo-Delgado YM, Santos-Mena AO, Rivas-Santiago B. Modulation of cathelicidin and defensins by histone deacetylase inhibitors: A potential treatment for multi-drug resistant infectious diseases. Peptides 2021; 140:170527. [PMID: 33744370 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2021.170527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Infectious diseases are an important growing public health problem, which perspective has worsened due to the increasing number of drug-resistant strains in the last few years. Although diverse solutions have been proposed, one viable solution could be the use of immune system modulators. The induction of the immune response can be increased by histone deacetylase inhibitors (iHDAC), which in turn modulate the chromatin and increase the activation of different cellular pathways and nuclear factors such as STAT3, HIF-1α NF-kB, C/EBPα and, AP-1. These pathways are capable to promote several immune response-related molecules including those with antimicrobial properties such as antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) that lead to the elimination of pathogens including multi drug-resistant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Rodríguez-Carlos
- Medical Research Unit-Zacatecas, Mexican Institute for Social Security-IMSS, Zacatecas, Mexico
| | | | - Alan O Santos-Mena
- Medical Research Unit-Zacatecas, Mexican Institute for Social Security-IMSS, Zacatecas, Mexico
| | - Bruno Rivas-Santiago
- Medical Research Unit-Zacatecas, Mexican Institute for Social Security-IMSS, Zacatecas, Mexico.
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