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Ma Y, Saito Y, Ta TKO, Li Y, Yao Q, Yang C, Nguyen VL, Gugliotta M, Wang Z, Chen L. Distribution of organophosphate esters influenced by human activities and fluvial-tidal interactions in the Dong Nai River System, Vietnam. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 812:152649. [PMID: 34953834 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Limited information is known about organophosphate esters (OPEs) in sediments of the Dong Nai River System (DNRS) in Vietnam and the influences of complex hydro-sedimentary dynamics on their fate. In this study, 48 surface sediment samples were collected from the Dong Nai-Soai Rap River and its tributary Vam Co River for the determination of 11 target OPEs, together with grain size and total organic carbon (TOC). The total concentrations of OPEs were in the range of 39.4 ng/g dw-373 ng/g dw (mean: 128 ng/g dw), and tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TCPP) was the predominant one with an average contribution of 81%, followed by tri-n-butyl phosphate (TNBP), tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (TEHP). The composition profiles of OPEs at different locations of the DNRS showed no significant differences (p > 0.05). In addition, the distribution of OPEs had been influenced by both human activities and the fluvial-tidal interactions. The highly frequent and various human activities in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) leaded to the highest total concentration of OPEs in the midstream site. Based on our dataset, TOC content and grain size of sediments had significant correlation with certain OPEs (p < 0.05), and sediments with higher TOC content and finer grain size in the DNRS were more likely to be deposited in the downstream reach, contributing to the estuary of the DNRS was identified as another hotspot with the second highest concentration of OPEs. Furthermore, the distribution of OPEs in the transects had distinct characteristics, which reflected the joint influence of the human activities and fluvial-tidal interaction as well. However, the mechanism of their influence needed further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ma
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yoshiki Saito
- Estuary Research Center, Shimane University, Matsue 6908504, Japan; Geological Survey of Japan, AIST, Tsukuba 305-8567, Japan
| | - Thi Kim Oanh Ta
- HCMC Institute of Resources Geography, VAST, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Yue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China.
| | - Qinglu Yao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Chao Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Van Lap Nguyen
- HCMC Institute of Resources Geography, VAST, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Marcello Gugliotta
- Faculty of Geosciences, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany; MARUM, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Zhanghua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Ling Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
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Zhang L, Meng L, Wang H, Lu D, Luo X. Development and validation of a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for comprehensive detection of organophosphate esters and their degradation products in sediment. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1665:462826. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.462826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Spatiotemporal Distribution and Analysis of Organophosphate Flame Retardants in the Environmental Systems: A Review. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27020573. [PMID: 35056888 PMCID: PMC8780022 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27020573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent times, there has been a cumulative apprehension regarding organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) owing to their high manufacturing and usage after brominated flame retardants were strictly regulated and banned from being distributed and used in many countries. OPFRs are known as the main organic pollutants in the terrestrial and aquatic environment. They are very dangerous to humans, plants and animals. They are also carcinogenic and some have been implicated in neurodevelopmental and fertility challenges. OPFRs are distributed into the environment through a number of processes, including the usage, improper disposal and production of materials. The solid phase extraction (SPE) method is suggested for the extraction of OPFRs from water samples since it provides high quality recoveries ranging from 67% to 105% and relative standard deviations (RSDs) below 20%. In the same vein, microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) is highly advocated for the extraction of OPFRs from sediment/soil. Recoveries in the range of 78% to 105% and RSDs ranging from 3% to 8% have been reported. Hence, it is a faster method of extraction for solid samples and only demands a reduced amount of solvent, unlike other methods. The extract of OPFRs from various matrices is then followed by a clean-up of the extract using a silica gel packed column followed by the quantification of compounds by gas chromatography coupled with a mass spectrometer (GC–MS) or a flame ionization detector (GC-FID). In this paper, different analytical methods for the evaluation of OPFRs in different environmental samples are reviewed. The effects and toxicities of these contaminants on humans and other organisms are also discussed.
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Ofrydopoulou A, Nannou C, Evgenidou E, Christodoulou A, Lambropoulou D. Assessment of a wide array of organic micropollutants of emerging concern in wastewater treatment plants in Greece: Occurrence, removals, mass loading and potential risks. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 802:149860. [PMID: 34525693 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Exploring the contamination profile of multi-class emerging contaminants (ECs) in wastewater is highly desirable. To this end, the occurrence, removal, mass loading and risks associated with a large panel of pharmaceuticals and personal care products, illicit drugs, perfluorinated compounds and organophosphate flame retardants in two wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in the region of Thessaloniki (Greece) after a survey is illustrated. Influent and effluent wastewaters were submitted to solid phase extraction on Oasis HLB cartridges, followed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Orbitrap MS). Influent concentrations in both WWTPs were notably higher than effluent, with caffeine, acetaminophen, irbesartan and valsartan being the most ubiquitous compounds, exhibiting elevated concentrations. Average effluent concentrations ranged from below the method quantification limits (<MQL) to remarkably high values (μg L-1 scale), such as for caffeine, acetaminophen, diclofenac, irbesartan and valsartan, among others. Removal efficiencies ranged between -273% for lamotrigine and 100%, i.e., for the UV filter BP1. Notably, the polar compounds such as cytarabine, methotrexate and capecitabine were removed at a rate >80% in both WWTPs, allowing the correlation between logKow and removals. Interesting trends for the illicit drugs were revealed by means of mass loading estimation, as in the case of benzoylecgonine (71.6 mg/day/1000 inhabitants). Ecotoxicological risk assessment was evaluated for both single components and mixture, using three approaches: risk quotient (RQ), risk quotient considering frequency (RQf) and toxic units (TU). Irbesartan and telmisartan posed a high risk in all trophic levels, while fish was the most sensitive taxa for diclofenac. This work aspires to intensify the surveillance programs for the receiving water bodies, as well as to motivate the investigation of toxicity to non-target organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ofrydopoulou
- Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Christina Nannou
- Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; Centre for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center, Thessaloniki, 10th km Thessaloniki-Thermi Rd, GR 57001, Greece
| | - Eleni Evgenidou
- Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; Centre for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center, Thessaloniki, 10th km Thessaloniki-Thermi Rd, GR 57001, Greece
| | | | - Dimitra Lambropoulou
- Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; Centre for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center, Thessaloniki, 10th km Thessaloniki-Thermi Rd, GR 57001, Greece.
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Fan B, Dai L, Liu C, Sun Q, Yu L. Nano-TiO 2 aggravates bioaccumulation and developmental neurotoxicity of triphenyl phosphate in zebrafish larvae. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:132161. [PMID: 34562708 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study explored the combined effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nano-TiO2) and triphenyl phosphate (TPhP) on the neurodevelopment of zebrafish larvae as well as the underlying mechanisms. With this regard, zebrafish embryos were exposed to nano-TiO2 of 100 μg·L-1, TPhP of 0, 8, 24, 72, and 144 μg·L-1, or their combinations until 120 h post-fertilization (hpf). Results indicated 100 μg·L-1 nano-TiO2 alone to be nontoxic to zebrafish larvae. However, obvious developmental toxicity manifested as inhibition of surviving rate, heart rate and body length as well as increased malformation was observed in the higher concentrations of TPhP (72 and 144 μg·L-1) alone and the co-exposure groups. Additionally, results suggested that nano-TiO2 significantly enhanced the bioaccumulation of TPhP in zebtafish larvae, and thus aggravated the abnormities of spontaneous movement and swimming behavior in zebrafish larvae induced by TPhP. Nano-TiO2 also exacerbated the TPhP-induced inhibition of the axonal growth on the secondary motor neuron, and aggravated the TPhP-induced decrease on expressions of neuron-specific green fluorescent protein (GFP) and neuronal marker genes (ngn1 and elavl3). Further, the content of neurotransmitter serotonin was not altered by TPhP alone exposure, but was decreased significantly in the co-exposure group of 144 μg·L-1 TPhP and nano-TiO2. Our data indicated that nano-TiO2 might aggravate the neuron abnormities and serotonin system dysfunction by enhancing the TPhP accumulation, leading to exacerbated abnormal locomotors in zebrafish larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boya Fan
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Lili Dai
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chunsheng Liu
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Qian Sun
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Liqin Yu
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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Luo Q, Wu Z, Wang C, Gu L, Li Y, Wang H. Seasonal variation, source identification, and risk assessment of organophosphate ester flame retardants and plasticizers in surficial sediments from Liao River estuary wetland, China. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 173:112947. [PMID: 34536706 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate ester (OPE) flame retardants and plasticizers in surficial sediments were collected in Liao River estuarine wetland during the dry, flood, and level periods to understand the seasonal variation, potential sources, and environmental risks. The concentrations of ∑13OPEs ranged from 19.5 to 67.0 ng g-1 dry weight (dw), with an average concentration of 30.6 ng g-1 dw. OPEs pollution displayed a seasonal variation, the concentrations of OPEs in dry period > level period > flood period. Tributyl-n-phosphate was the predominant OPEs, which accounts for 29.7% of ∑13OPEs. Principal component analysis and positive matrix factorization suggested that the pollution sources of OPEs also varied seasonally. The ecological risk of OPEs to aquatic organisms was low, and the non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks to human beings were also far below the acceptable level. 2-Ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate was the major compound causing ecological and non-carcinogenic risk, while tris-(2-chloroethyl) phosphate had the highest carcinogenic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Luo
- Key Laboratory of Regional Environment and Eco-Remediation of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Shenyang University, Shenyang 110044, China.
| | - Zhongping Wu
- Key Laboratory of Regional Environment and Eco-Remediation of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Shenyang University, Shenyang 110044, China
| | - Congcong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Regional Environment and Eco-Remediation of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Shenyang University, Shenyang 110044, China
| | - Leiyan Gu
- Key Laboratory of Regional Environment and Eco-Remediation of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Shenyang University, Shenyang 110044, China
| | - Yujie Li
- Key Laboratory of Regional Environment and Eco-Remediation of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Shenyang University, Shenyang 110044, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Regional Environment and Eco-Remediation of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Shenyang University, Shenyang 110044, China
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Organophosphate Esters in China: Fate, Occurrence, and Human Exposure. TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9110310. [PMID: 34822701 PMCID: PMC8620853 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9110310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are widely used as flame retardants and plasticizers. OPEs have been released into various environments (e.g., water, sediments, dust and air, and soil). To investigate the occurrence and distribution of OPEs in various environments in China, this review collects and discusses the published scientific studies in this field. Chlorinated OPEs, as flame retardants, are the predominant OPEs found in the environment. The analysis of data revealed large concentration variations among microenvironments, including inflowing river water (range: 0.69-10.62 µgL-1), sediments (range: 0.0197-0.234 µg/g), dust (range: 8.706-34.872 µg/g), and open recycling sites' soil (range: 0.122-2.1 µg/g). Moreover, OPEs can be detected in the air and biota. We highlight the overall view regarding environmental levels of OPEs in different matrices as a starting point to monitor trends for China. The levels of OPEs in the water, sediment, dust, and air of China are still low. However, dust samples from electronic waste workshop sites were more contaminated. Human activities, pesticides, electronics, furniture, paint, plastics and textiles, and wastewater plants are the dominant sources of OPEs. Human exposure routes to OPEs mainly include dermal contact, dust ingestion, inhalation, and dietary intake. The low level of ecological risk and risk to human health indicated a limited threat from OPEs. Furthermore, current challenges and perspectives for future studies are prospected. A criteria inventory of OPEs reflecting the levels of OPEs contamination association among different microenvironments, emerging OPEs, and potential impact of OPEs on human health, particularly for children are needed in China for better investigation.
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58
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Yao C, Yang H, Li Y. A review on organophosphate flame retardants in the environment: Occurrence, accumulation, metabolism and toxicity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 795:148837. [PMID: 34246143 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs), as a substitute for brominated flame retardants (BFRs), are widely used in industrial production and life. The presence of OPFRs in the environment has an adverse effect on the ecological environment system. This review provides comprehensive data for the occurrence of OPFRs and their diester metabolites (OP diesters) in wastewater treatment plants, surface water, drinking water, sediment, soil, air and dust in the environment. In particular, the accumulation and metabolism of OPFRs in organisms and the types of metabolites and metabolic pathways are discussed for animals and plants. In addition, the toxicity of OP triesters and OP diesters in organisms is discussed. Although research on OPFRs has gradually increased in recent years, there are still many gaps to be filled, especially for metabolic and toxicity mechanisms that need in-depth study. This review also highlights the shortcomings of current research and provides suggestions for a basis for future research on OPFRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Yao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, HoHai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Hanpei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, HoHai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, HoHai University, Nanjing 210098, China.
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Chen Z, Xie J, Li Q, Hu K, Yang Z, Yu H, Liu Y. Human CYP enzyme-activated clastogenicity of 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate (a flame retardant) in mammalian cells. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 285:117527. [PMID: 34380225 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
2-Ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate (EHDPP) is a common flame retardant and environmental pollutant, exposing humans with endocrinal disrupting potentials. Its mutagenicity, especially following metabolism, remains unclear. In this study, molecular docking analysis indicated that EHDPP was a potential substrate for several human CYP enzymes except for CYP1A1. Among V79-derived cell lines genetically engineered for the expression of each CYP, EHDPP (6 h exposure/18 h recovery) did not induce micronuclei in the V79 or V79-derived cells expressing human CYP1A1, however, it was positive in V79-derived cell lines expressing human CYP2E1, 3A4, and 2B6. In a human hepatoma (HepG2) cell line, EHDPP (48 h exposure) moderately induced micronuclei, which was blocked by 1-aminobenzotriazole (ABT, 60 μM, inhibitor of CYPs); pretreating HepG2 cells with bisphenol AF, another organic pollutant as inducer of CYPs (0.1 μM for 16 h), significantly potentiated micronuclei formation by EHDPP, threshold being decreased from 10 to 1.25 μM. This effect was blocked by ABT, drastically reduced by ketoconazole (inhibiting CYP3A expression/activity), and moderately inhibited by trans-1,2-dichloroethylene (selective CYP2E1 inhibitor). Immunofluorescent centromere protein B staining indicated that EHDPP-induced micronuclei in V79-derived cell lines expressing human CYP2E1 and 3A4 were predominantly centromere-negative, and that in HepG2 cells pretreated with bisphenol AF (for inducing multiple CYPs) were purely centromere-negative. In bisphenol AF-pretreated HepG2 cells EHDPP potently induced DNA breaks, as indicated by the comet assay and Western blot analysis of γ-H2AX. In conclusion, our study suggests that EHDPP is potently clastogenic, following activation by several human CYP enzymes, CYP3A4 being a major one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Chen
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), Southern Medical University, 1023 S. Shatai Road, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jiayi Xie
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), Southern Medical University, 1023 S. Shatai Road, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Dietetics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 N. Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Keqi Hu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), Southern Medical University, 1023 S. Shatai Road, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zongying Yang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), Southern Medical University, 1023 S. Shatai Road, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Hang Yu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), Southern Medical University, 1023 S. Shatai Road, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yungang Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), Southern Medical University, 1023 S. Shatai Road, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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Xiao K, Lu Z, Yang C, Zhao S, Zheng H, Gao Y, Kaluwin C, Liu Y, Cai M. Occurrence, distribution and risk assessment of organophosphate ester flame retardants and plasticizers in surface seawater of the West Pacific. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 170:112691. [PMID: 34225195 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Twenty-eight samples of surface seawater were collected from the West Pacific Ocean during 2019 using a high-volume solid-phase extraction with high-throughput organic analysis (Hi-throat/Hi-volume SPE) method, and concentrations of 10 organophosphate ester flame retardants and plasticizers (OPEs) were determined. The total OPE concentration in the samples was 3.02-48.4 ng L-1 (mean 25.0 ± 10.5 ng L-1), with tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) being the largest contributor. Cluster analysis results showed off-shore input from the coast of East and Southeast Asia was an important source of these chemicals. Tri-p-tolyl phosphate (TpTP) should also be considered for long-term monitoring, because of its high detection frequency. Results of a risk assessment indicated low ecological risk to species in the West Pacific Ocean for TPhP and ΣOPEs. Hazard quotients (HQs) were all <1, indicating that the health risk to humans from these chemicals was at acceptable levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyan Xiao
- Ministry of Natural Resources Key Laboratory for Polar Science, Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai 200136, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhibo Lu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Chao Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Song Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Metallogeny, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources (MNR), Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Hongyuan Zheng
- Ministry of Natural Resources Key Laboratory for Polar Science, Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai 200136, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Ministry of Natural Resources Key Laboratory for Polar Science, Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai 200136, China
| | - Chalapan Kaluwin
- University of Papua New Guinea, Waigani, Port Moresby, National Capital District, NCD 134, Papua New Guinea
| | - Yanguang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Metallogeny, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources (MNR), Qingdao 266061, China.
| | - Minghong Cai
- Ministry of Natural Resources Key Laboratory for Polar Science, Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai 200136, China.
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61
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Chen MH, Ma WL. A review on the occurrence of organophosphate flame retardants in the aquatic environment in China and implications for risk assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 783:147064. [PMID: 34088162 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs), used extensively as substitutes for polybrominated diphenyl ethers, are ubiquitous environmental contaminants. OPFR pollution in aquatic environments, the main sink of pollutants, has been studied extensively over the past decade. Here, we review the current knowledge on the consumption and applications of OPFRs, and on their ecotoxicity in aquatic environments worldwide. We also synthesize the available evidence on the occurrence of OPFRs in aquatic environments in China (wastewater treatment plant influent and effluent, surface water, sediment, aquatic biota, and drinking water). Across China, the measured concentrations of OPFRs differ by more than three orders of magnitude. Risk assessments based on these measurements indicate a low level of ecological risk from OPFRs in most aquatic environments in China, and a low risk to human health from drinking water and aquatic products. Finally, we identify gaps in the current knowledge and directions for further research on OPFRs in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Hong Chen
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Ecosystem (HPKL-PEE), Harbin 150090, China
| | - Wan-Li Ma
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Ecosystem (HPKL-PEE), Harbin 150090, China.
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62
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Zhang S, Yang C, Liu M, Zhao W, Li Y, Meng XZ, Cai M. Occurrence of organophosphate esters in surface water and sediment in drinking water source of Xiangjiang River, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 781:146734. [PMID: 33812108 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the occurrence of organophosphate esters (OPEs) in the surface water and sediments of the Xiangjiang (XJ) River, a drinking water source of Changsha City. The total concentrations of five detected OPEs (Σ5OPEs) in surface water and tap water were 6.07-25.3 ng L-1 (average 14.9 ± 4.98 ng L-1), and 23.6 ng L-1, respectively, and four detected OPEs (Σ4OPEs) in sediments were 3.74-27.5 ng g-1 dw (average 12.1 ± 6.48 ng g-1 dw). Tris-2-chloroisopropyl phosphate (TCIPP) was the dominant contributor in water and sediment samples, accounting for over 40% of ΣOPEs. A particular flood event during July-August 2020 reduced the level of OPEs in river water, leading to generally uniform OPE concentrations in surface water and sediment samples from the upper, middle, and lower reaches of XJ. Principal component analysis-multiple linear regression (PCA-MLR) results indicated that the main sources of OPEs in the surface water and sediments of XJ were emissions of waste-water treatment plants and anthropocentric activities. The results of ecological and human health risk assessments indicated that all OPEs posed a low or negligible ecological risk for algae, daphnia, and fish, and negligible risk for human health. Interestingly, the concentration and human health risk of OPEs in a composite tap water sample was generally higher than those in river water samples, indicating possible OPE contamination from water treatment processes or transportation through pipe networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengwei Zhang
- Ministry of Natural Resources Key Laboratory for Polar Science, Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai 200136, China; State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Chao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Mengyue Liu
- School of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China
| | - Wenyu Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China.
| | - Yanxia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xiang-Zhou Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Minghong Cai
- Ministry of Natural Resources Key Laboratory for Polar Science, Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai 200136, China.
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Zhang L, Lu L, Zhu W, Yang B, Lu D, Dan SF, Zhang S. Organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs) in the seawater and sediments of the Qinzhou Bay, Northern Beibu Gulf: Occurrence, distribution, and ecological risks. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 168:112368. [PMID: 33901908 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence, distributions, and ecological risks of 11 organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) were investigated in the seawater and sediment samples from the Qinzhou Bay. The Σ11OPFRs in the surface seawater and sediments ranged from 150 to 885 ng/L and from <the limit of quantification (LOQ) to 32.2 ng/g dw, respectively, with high levels of OPFRs in the industrialized and port areas. Tris (2-chloro-propyl) phosphate (TCIPP), tris (2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), and tri-n-butyl phosphate (TNBP) were the dominant OPFRs in the surface seawater and sediments. The Σ11OPFRs concentrations in the sediment core ranged 1.2-18.6 ng/g dw and the vertical trends showed a recent increase of OPFRs emissions, especially for TNBP and triphenyl phosphate (TPHP). Risk assessment revealed that individual OPFR could pose low to medium ecological risks, but the risk from the mixture of OPFRs on aquatic organisms requires more attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Fourth Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beihai 536007, China.
| | - Lu Lu
- Qinzhou Marine Environmental Monitoring and Forecasting Center, Qinzhou 53500, China
| | - Wenjuan Zhu
- Qinzhou Marine Environmental Monitoring and Forecasting Center, Qinzhou 53500, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster in the Beibu Gulf, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, China.
| | - Dongliang Lu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster in the Beibu Gulf, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, China
| | - Solomon Felix Dan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster in the Beibu Gulf, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, China
| | - Shaofeng Zhang
- Fourth Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beihai 536007, China
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64
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Ren Z, Poopal RK, Ramesh M. Synthetic organic chemicals (flame retardants and pesticides) with neurotoxic potential induced behavioral impairment on zebrafish (Danio rerio): a non-invasive approach for neurotoxicology. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:37534-37546. [PMID: 33713268 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13370-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Behavior responses of organisms can be used as a non-invasive method for neurotoxicology studies since it directly links the nervous system's functioning and biochemical activities. Among different behavioral activities, aquatic organisms' swimming behavior (fitness) is the essential factor for health assessment; thus, it is practiced routinely in neurotoxicological studies. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) are excellent models for neurotoxicology studies. Based on the above information, we hypothesized that zebrafish's swimming behavior is a potential biomarker for neurotoxic effect assessment. We exposed zebrafish (length, 3-4 cm; weight, 0.2-0.3 g) to different synthetic organic chemicals (organophosphorus flame retardants (tri-cresyl phosphate and cresyl diphenyl phosphate) and neurotoxic pesticides (cypermethrin and methomyl) for 15 days. For each test chemical, we chose two different concentrations (Treatment-I 5 μL/L and Treatment-II 25 μL/L) to study their eco-toxicity. The swimming strength of zebrafish was quantified using an online monitoring system. The swimming strength of zebrafish decreased under different treatments (Treatment-I (5 μL/L) and -II (25 μL/L)) of target chemicals. The circadian rhythm of zebrafish was predominantly not affected in this study. Higher neurotoxic effect (behavioral impairment) was observed in Treatment-II when compare to Treatment-I of organophosphorus flame retardants and pesticides groups. Responses of zebrafish under organophosphorus flame retardant (tri-cresyl phosphate and cresyl diphenyl phosphate) treatments were identical with pesticide (cypermethrin and methomyl) treatments. Based on the results, we conclude that swimming behavior could be an ideal non-invasive biomarker to assess waterborne contaminants' neurotoxic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongming Ren
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250358, China
| | - Rama-Krishnan Poopal
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250358, China.
| | - Mathan Ramesh
- Unit of Toxicology, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Ye L, Meng W, Huang J, Li J, Su G. Establishment of a Target, Suspect, and Functional Group-Dependent Screening Strategy for Organophosphate Esters (OPEs): "Into the Unknown" of OPEs in the Sediment of Taihu Lake, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:5836-5847. [PMID: 33891400 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c07825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Current environmental monitoring studies are generally confined to several target organophosphate esters (OPEs), and there is a lack of strategies for comprehensively screening all potential OPEs in environmental samples. Here, an effective and accurate strategy was developed for the target, suspect, and functional group-dependent screening of OPEs by the use of ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-Q Exactive hybrid quadrupole-Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS), and this strategy was applied for the analysis of n = 74 sediment samples (including 23 surface sediment samples and 51 sediment core samples) collected from Taihu Lake (eastern China) in 2019. In these analyzed samples, we successfully identified n = 35 OPEs, and 23 of them were reported in this region for the first time. In addition, this strategy also presented other interesting findings, i.e., (1) OPE concentrations decreased with increasing distance from the coast of the lake; (2) the newly identified 3-hydroxyphenyl diphenyl phosphate (meta-OH-TPHP) was not statistically significantly correlated with triphenyl phosphate (TPHP; r = 0.02494, p = 0.9101) but with resorcinol bis(diphenyl phosphate) (RDP) (r = 0.9271, p < 0.0001) and three other OPEs; and (3) the summed concentrations of aryl OPEs (∑arylOPEs) in sediment core samples exhibited significantly increasing trends as the depth decreased. Collectively, this study provided an effective strategy that was successfully applied for comprehensive screening of OPEs in the sediments of Taihu Lake, and this strategy could have promising potential to be extended to other environmental matrices or samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Langjie Ye
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
| | - Weikun Meng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
| | - Jianan Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
| | - Guanyong Su
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
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Liu H, Yin H, Tang S, Peng H, Yu X, Lu G, Dang Z. Simultaneous adsorption of Cd 2+ and photocatalytic degradation of tris-(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCPP) by mesoporous TiO 2. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 267:129238. [PMID: 33316620 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the prepared mesoporous TiO2 was employed to eliminate the environmental risk induced by the combined pollution (tris-(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCPP) and Cd2+). The prepared material was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectra (UV-DRS), Raman imaging spectrometer (Raman), N2 adsorption/desorption isotherm and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). In the combined pollution system, the prepared TiO2 simultaneously exhibited a higher adsorption and photocatalytic activity for Cd2+ and TCPP at neutral condition, respectively. The adsorption of Cd2+ and photo-degradation of TCPP by mesoporous TiO2 followed pseudo-second-order and pseudo-first-order kinetics model, respectively. The removal efficiency of TCPP was improved from 67% to 100% when the concentration of co-existed Cd2+ increased from 0.5 mg L-1 to 2 mg L-1, due to the fact that the adsorbed Cd2+ on the surface of TiO2 scavenged electron and thus inhibited the photo-generated electron-hole pairs recombination. In addition, six degradation intermediates were determined by high resolution mass spectrum (HRMS) and potential transformation pathways of TCPP under the co-existence of Cd2+ were proposed. The results suggested that rapid and high-efficient simultaneous removal of Cd2+ and TCPP was feasible, which laid the basis for the remediation of other combined pollution in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China.
| | - Hua Yin
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China.
| | - Shaoyu Tang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, China.
| | - Hui Peng
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xiaolong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China.
| | - Guining Lu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zhi Dang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China.
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Liu Y, Li Y, Dong S, Han L, Guo R, Fu Y, Zhang S, Chen J. The risk and impact of organophosphate esters on the development of female-specific cancers: Comparative analysis of patients with benign and malignant tumors. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 404:124020. [PMID: 33049558 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Environmental pollution has become a concern for public health. As endocrine disruptors, organophosphate esters (OPEs) causes many diseases via human exposure. However, there is limited research on the risk of OPE exposure to female-specific cancers. Blood measurements are biomarkers for chemical exposures by their definition. Thus, in the present study, 11 OPEs were analyzed in the plasma of patients with 4 female-specific tumors. 2-Ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate (EHDPP) was detected at the highest levels in all groups. The Spearman correlation test results showed significantly positive correlations between some OPEs in each group, which indicated that those OPEs had similar sources and/or behaved similarly in the patients of each group. However, compared with different patient groups, obvious differences in the correlation results were noted, implying the differences in the metabolism of OPEs between different groups. The results of the correlation analysis showed that EHDPP concentration was associated with the risk of breast cancer (p < 0.05), while tri-n-butyl phosphate (TNBP), tris (methylphenyl) phosphate (TMPP), triphenyl phosphate (TPHP), and EHDPP concentrations were associated with the risk of cervical cancer (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01). These findings indicated that OPEs were associated with the risk of breast and cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Liu
- Department of Environmental Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Environmental Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; Blood Transfusion Department, Wuhan University Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Shanshan Dong
- Department of Environmental Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Lu Han
- Department of Environmental Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Ruixin Guo
- Department of Environmental Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Nanjing 210036, China
| | - Yourong Fu
- Blood Transfusion Department, Wuhan University Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Shenghu Zhang
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, China.
| | - Jianqiu Chen
- Department of Environmental Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
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Qi Y, He Z, Yuan J, Ma X, Du J, Yao Z, Wang W. Comprehensive evaluation of organophosphate ester contamination in surface water and sediment of the Bohai Sea, China. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 163:112013. [PMID: 33454638 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the occurrence and profile of 14 organophosphate esters (OPEs) in surface water and sediment of the whole Bohai Sea. A total of 53 pairs of surface water and sediment samples were collected and the contained OPEs were quantified using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The average concentrations of OPEs in surface water and sediment were in the range of 0-92.9 ng/L and 0.001-8.58 ng/g dry weight (dw), respectively, with tri (2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) as the predominant congener in both compartments. The total concentrations of 14 OPEs (∑14OPEs) in surface water and sediment were in the range of 10.9-516.4 ng/L and 1.42-52.9 ng/g dw, respectively. The inventories of ∑14OPEs were calculated to be 179.3 tons in the water and 101.5 tons in the sediment. Based on the risk quotients (RQs), the ecological risks of OPEs to the aquatic organisms in the Bohai Sea were considered to be negligible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Qi
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Coastal Ecosystem, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Zhuoshi He
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Jingjing Yuan
- Henan Institute of Metrology, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Xindong Ma
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Coastal Ecosystem, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Jinqiu Du
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Coastal Ecosystem, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Ziwei Yao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Coastal Ecosystem, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Wenfeng Wang
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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69
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Yin H, Liu Q, Deng X, Liu X, Fang S, Xiong Y, Song J. Organophosphate esters in water, suspended particulate matter (SPM) and sediments of the Minjiang River, China. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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70
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Ding X, Sun W, Dai L, Liu C, Sun Q, Wang J, Zhang P, Li K, Yu L. Parental exposure to environmental concentrations of tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate induces abnormal DNA methylation and behavioral changes in F1 zebrafish larvae. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 267:115305. [PMID: 32841905 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCIPP) has been demonstrated to be transferred from parental animals to their offspring. However, whether parental exposure to environmental concentrations of TDCIPP show neurodevelopmental toxicity in the F1 generation and the possible underlying mechanism remain unclear. Therefore, in this study, zebrafish embryos were exposed to environmental concentrations of TDCIPP (3, 30 and 300 ng L-1) for 120 days. The effects of exposure on motor behaviors, neurotransmitter levels, DNA methylation, and gene expression of F1 larvae were investigated. Parental exposure left TDCIPP residues in F1 eggs as well as reduced body length of F1 larvae. Moreover, parental exposure significantly reduced swimming activity in F1 5 dpf larvae, although it did not significantly alter serotonin, dopamine, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, γ-aminobutyrate, and acetylcholine levels. Genes encoding DNA methylation transferases (dnmt3aa and dnmt1) were downregulated in F1 larvae. Reduced representation bisulfite sequencing analysis revealed 446 differentially methylated regions and enriched neuronal cell body Gene Ontology term in F1 generation. Correlation analysis between the expression of genes related to neural cell body and swimming speed indicated that solute carrier family 1 member 2b (slc1a2b) downregulation might be responsible for the inhibition of motor behaviors. Furthermore, bisulfite amplicon sequencing analysis confirmed hypermethylation of the promoter region of slc1a2b in F1 larvae following parental exposure to 300 ng L-1 TDCIPP, which might have led to significant downregulation of gene expression and, in turn, influenced the motor behaviors. These results indicate that parental exposure to environmental concentrations of TDCIPP alters DNA methylation, downregulates gene expressions and, thus inducing developmental neurotoxicity, in F1 larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xisheng Ding
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Wen Sun
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Lili Dai
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, China
| | - Chunsheng Liu
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, China
| | - Qian Sun
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, China
| | - Jianghua Wang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, China
| | - Panwei Zhang
- China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Kun Li
- China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Liqin Yu
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, China.
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71
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Liu R, Luo X, Shu S, Ding J, Zhang G, Wang Z, Zou H, Zhang Y. Impact of rainfall on the occurrence, spatiotemporal distribution, and partition trend of micropollutants in Taihu Lake, China: Bisphenol A and 4-nonylphenol as examples. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 204:111064. [PMID: 32738625 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Very limited studies have evaluated the impact of rainfall on the fate of endocrine-disrupting micropollutants in lacustrine systems. This yearlong study investigated monthly fluctuation of bisphenol A (BPA) and 4-nonylphenol (NP) concentrations in both water and sediment samples from Taihu Lake and evaluated the impact of rainfall on their spatiotemporal distribution and partition trends. Results showed that BPA concentration in water was negatively correlated to rainfall while NP concentrations in both phases were positively related to rainfall. The spatial distribution of NP in the lake water was season specific with the lakeshore area higher than the central area during the wet season and a reversed pattern during the dry season. The spatial distributions of sediment-associated NP and BPA in both phases were not significantly different among seasons. Contrary partition tendencies were observed for BPA and NP that BPA tended to desorb from sediment and NP tended to be adsorbed during the wet season while the trends were reversed during the dry season. This study suggests that rainfall could affect the occurrence, distribution and environmental fate of micropollutants and should be considered in the monitoring program and risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Liu
- School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xin Luo
- School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Shu Shu
- School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Jiannan Ding
- School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Guangsheng Zhang
- School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Hua Zou
- School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou, 215009, China; State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, 102200, China.
| | - Yun Zhang
- School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
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Liu D, Yan Z, Liao W, Bai Y, Feng C. The toxicity effects and mechanisms of tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCPP) and its ecological risk assessment for the protection of freshwater organisms. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 264:114788. [PMID: 32559856 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Tris (1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCPP) is a type halogenated organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs), which has been identified as contaminants of emerging concern (CECs). The use and production of OPFRs began to increase gradually when brominated flame retardants (BFRs) were banned. Halogenated OPFRs, especially TDCPP have been considered to lead to mutagenicity and carcinogenesis and major concerns have been raised regarding their toxicity. In this study, the toxicity effects and mechanisms of TDCPP were summarized and ecological risk assessment was made regarding its potential impact on freshwater organisms. TDCPP has been widely detected in ecosystems throughout the world, with observed toxicity effects on both humans and freshwater organisms. Inhalation of the dust was found to be the main exposure for humans. TDCPP could be metabolized in the human body, and medium stability was achieved in human body with the main metabolite BDCPP. Aside from mutagenicity and carcinogenesis, TDCPP was also found to have the potential for endocrine disruption and impairing the human reproductive system. Furthermore, this study reviewed the results of previous toxicity experiments, including acute toxicity, growth and development toxicity, neurotoxicity, and hepatotoxicity in freshwater organisms. Risk assessment was made using the safety threshold method by comparing the toxicity data with the exposure data in freshwater. HC5 (hazardous concentration for 5% of organisms) derived based on traditional endpoints of acute toxicity LC50 (median lethal concentration) or EC50 (concentration for 50% of maximal effect) was 877 μg/L. This value was much higher than the exposure concentration levels in the surface water with EXD90 (exposure data with cumulative probability 90%) of 65.22 ng/L. However, based on the growth and development toxicity data, the derived HC5 was 33.33 ng/L and the calculated MOS (margin of safety) was below 1. Therefore, the results validated the fact that the ecological risk of TDCPP could not be neglected for its growth and development toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; College of Water Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Zhenfei Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Wei Liao
- School of Resources Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330000, China
| | - Yingchen Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Chenglian Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
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Luo Q, Gu L, Wu Z, Shan Y, Wang H, Sun LN. Distribution, source apportionment and ecological risks of organophosphate esters in surface sediments from the Liao River, Northeast China. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 250:126297. [PMID: 32113093 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A total of 24 surface sediment samples were collected from Liao River, Northeast China. The concentration, spatial distribution, potential source, and ecological risk of 13 organophosphate esters (OPEs) flame retardants and plasticizers were analyzed. The total concentrations of OPEs varied considerably, ranging from 19.7 to 234 ng g-1 dry weight (dw), with the mean concentrations of 64.2 ± 52.2 ng g-1 dw. The OPEs pollution was increasing from upstream to downstream of Liao River. Compared with other sediments of rivers and lakes all over the world, Liao River has been seriously contaminated by OPEs, especially tributyl phosphate (TNBP) and tri-butoxyethyl phosphate (TBOEP). TNBP was the most abundant OPEs, followed by TBOEP and triphenylphosphine oxide. Their mean relative contributions were 26.3%, 12.4% and 11.6%, respectively. Positive matrix factorization indicated that OPEs in sediments from Liao River might be derived from plastic, textile, and polyurethane foam, anti-foam agent, hydraulic fluids, and coatings, indoor release, and chemical process emission. The risk of potential adverse effects of each individually OPEs on aquatic organisms were low (risk quotient less than 0.1). 2-Ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate was the main substance causing risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Luo
- Key Laboratory of Regional Environment and Eco-Remediation of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Shenyang University, Shenyang, 110044, China.
| | - Leiyan Gu
- Key Laboratory of Regional Environment and Eco-Remediation of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Shenyang University, Shenyang, 110044, China
| | - Zhongping Wu
- Key Laboratory of Regional Environment and Eco-Remediation of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Shenyang University, Shenyang, 110044, China
| | - Yue Shan
- Key Laboratory of Regional Environment and Eco-Remediation of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Shenyang University, Shenyang, 110044, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Regional Environment and Eco-Remediation of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Shenyang University, Shenyang, 110044, China
| | - Li-Na Sun
- Key Laboratory of Regional Environment and Eco-Remediation of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Shenyang University, Shenyang, 110044, China
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74
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Li Y, Fu Y, Hu K, Zhang Y, Chen J, Zhang S, Zhang B, Liu Y. Positive correlation between human exposure to organophosphate esters and gastrointestinal cancer in patients from Wuhan, China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 196:110548. [PMID: 32278140 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
As kinds of endocrine disruptors, organophosphate esters (OPEs) pollution in the environment had received increasing attention recently. Food and water intake were two important exposure pathways for OPEs. However, the studies about the potential association between OPEs and gastrointestinal cancer were limited. This study investigated the possible association between OPEs and gastrointestinal cancer. All cancer patients were diagnosed with gastrointestinal cancer from a Grade 3 A hospital in Wuhan, China, while the control group was non-cancer healthy persons. The results showed that 6 OPEs were found in the control samples, while 8 in the samples from patients with gastrointestinal cancer. The detection frequencies of OPEs in gastrointestinal cancer patients were significantly higher than those in the control group (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01), except for triethyl phosphate (TEP) and tris (methylphenyl) phosphate (TMPP) in the gastric cancer group. The concentrations of OPEs in the control group were significantly lower than those in the gastric cancer group and colorectal cancer group (p < 0.01). In the control group and gastrointestinal cancer group, TEP was the dominant pollutant. Correlation analysis found that concentrations of TEP, tris(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCIPP), triphenyl phosphate (TPHP), TMPP, tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (TEHP), and 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate (EHDPP) were associated with gastric cancer (p < 0.01), and concentrations of TEP, TCIPP, TPHP, TMPP and TEHP were associated with colorectal cancer (p < 0.01). A cluster analysis divided the 34 patients with gastric cancer and 40 patients with colorectal cancer in four groups. The results showed that the elderly male patients with gastric cancer were more sensitive to the exposure of EHDPP, while the TEP exposure was more sensitive to the relatively young gastrointestinal cancer patients. These findings indicated that OPEs might play a role in developing gastrointestinal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Blood Transfusion Department, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China; School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China; Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yourong Fu
- Blood Transfusion Department, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Kaiqi Hu
- School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Yuanlu Zhang
- School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Jianqiu Chen
- School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Shenghu Zhang
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Yanhua Liu
- School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
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75
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Wang X, Li C, Yuan X, Yang S. Contamination Level, Distribution Characteristics, and Ecotoxicity of Tetrabromobisphenol A in Water and Sediment from Weihe River Basin, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E3750. [PMID: 32466414 PMCID: PMC7312569 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17113750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) is a brominated flame retardant, which is widely present in the various environmental and biological media. The knowledge on the contamination of TBBPA in Weihe River Basin is still limited. In order to know the pollution level and distribution of tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) in the Weihe River Basin, a total of 34 sediment samples and 36 water samples were collected from the main stream and tributaries of the WeiHe River Basin, and the concentration of TBBPA in the samples was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS). The detection frequency of TBBPA in sediments and water samples was 61.8% and 27.8%, respectively; the TBBPA concentrations in sediments and water samples were in the range of not detected (N.D.)-3.889 ng/g (mean value of 0.283 ng/g) and N.D-12.279 ng/L (mean value of 0.937 ng/L), respectively. Compared with other areas in China, the residues of TBBPA in the Weihe River Basin were at a relatively low level. The spatial distributions of TBBPA in surface sediments and water indicated that the local point-input was their major source. This is related to the proximity of some sampling sites to industrial areas and domestic sewage discharge areas. The insignificant correlation between TBBPA and total organic carbon (TOC) indicated that TBBPA in sediments is not only influenced by TOC but also affected by atmosphere and land input, wet deposition, and long-distance transmission. The potential risks posed by TBBPA in water and sediment were characterized using the risk quotient (RQ) method. The calculated RQ for TBBPA was less than 0.01, showing that the ecological risk due to TBBPA was quite low for aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region, Ministry of Education, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710054, China; (C.L.); (X.Y.); (S.Y.)
- School of Water and Environment, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710054, China
| | - Chenyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region, Ministry of Education, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710054, China; (C.L.); (X.Y.); (S.Y.)
| | - Xiaoyu Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region, Ministry of Education, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710054, China; (C.L.); (X.Y.); (S.Y.)
| | - Shengke Yang
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region, Ministry of Education, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710054, China; (C.L.); (X.Y.); (S.Y.)
- School of Water and Environment, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710054, China
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76
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Shi Y, Zhang Y, Du Y, Kong D, Wu Q, Hong Y, Wang Y, Tam NFY, Leung JYS. Occurrence, composition and biological risk of organophosphate esters (OPEs) in water of the Pearl River Estuary, South China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:14852-14862. [PMID: 32060833 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08001-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Since the production of brominated flame retardants has been gradually phased out, organophosphate esters (OPEs) are increasingly used as the substitutes. Given their toxicity and water solubility, OPEs may jeopardize the aquatic environment and organisms. Here, we examined the concentration, composition, and biological risk of OPEs in the water collected from the eight major waterways in the Pearl River Delta, a highly industrialized region in China. We found a widespread occurrence of OPEs in this region (∑9OPEs: 134 to 442 ng L-1), dominated by TCPP, TCEP, and TnBP. Halogenated OPEs were dominant over alkyl and aromatic OPEs. The biological risk of OPEs, mainly contributed by TPhP and TnBP, was low (RQ < 0.1). The contamination level of OPEs in the Pearl River Delta was likely associated with the degree of industrial activities. Although OPEs posed low risk to aquatic organisms, more attention should be paid to some OPEs in the future, such as TnBP, due to the high usage and toxicity. Considering the concentrations of OPEs worldwide and their usage, OPEs may become the emerging pollutants of global concern in the next decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng Shi
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Monitoring and Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Ecology and Environment Administration of Pearl River Valley and South China Sea, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou, 510611, China
| | - Yongming Du
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Deguan Kong
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Qihang Wu
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Yiguo Hong
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Nora F Y Tam
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jonathan Y S Leung
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia.
- Faculty of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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77
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Sun W, Duan X, Chen H, Zhang L, Sun H. Adipogenic activity of 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ pathway. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 711:134810. [PMID: 31812418 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that exposure to some organophosphates, such as triphenyl phosphate (TPHP) and diphenyl phosphate (DPHP), can affect adipogenesis in preadipocytes. 2-Ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate (EHDPP), an organophosphate, is frequently detected in various environmental media. However, there is less information about the toxicity effects and the mechanism by which EHDPP affects preadipocytes. In the present study, we investigated whether EHDPP could induce differentiation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes through the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) signaling pathway. The fluorescence competitive binding assay and the dual-luciferase reporter gene assay were used to assess the binding affinity and activation of PPARγ, and the results showed that EHDPP can bind to the ligand binding domain of PPARγ (PPARγ-LBD) and activate PPARγ in vitro. Exposure to EHDPP for 10 days extensively induced adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes as assessed by lipid accumulation and gene expression of adipogenic markers of fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4), lipoprotein lipase (Lpl), adiponectin (Adip), and fatty acid synthase (Fasn). Furthermore, the preadipocytes differentiation was blocked by the PPARγ-specific antagonist GW9662, indicating that the PPARγ signaling pathway plays an important part in 3T3-L1 cell differentiation induced by EHDPP. Taken together, EHDPP can bind to PPARγ-LBD, activate PPARγ receptor, and induce cell differentiation via the PPARγ signaling pathway in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xiaoyu Duan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Hao Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Lianying Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China.
| | - Hongwen Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
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78
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Li Y, Yao C, Zheng Q, Yang W, Niu X, Zhang Y, Lu G. Occurrence and ecological implications of organophosphate triesters and diester degradation products in wastewater, river water, and tap water. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 259:113810. [PMID: 31884214 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence and composition profiles of 13 triester organophosphate flame retardants and their three diester metabolites in river water, wastewater, and tap water in China were studied. Most target organophosphate esters (OPEs) were found in water samples, with average concentrations of 787 ng/L for triethyl phosphate (TEP) and 0.1 ng/L for tripropyl phosphate (TPP) in wastewater, 1.48 × 103 ng/L for TEP and 0.12 ng/L for tripentyl phosphate (TPeP) in river water, and 15.5 ng/L for tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) and 0.08 ng/L for tritolyl phosphate (TMPP) in tap water. TEP was the most abundant compound among the detected OPEs in all water types. The exposure of zebrafish embryos showed negligible effects of TEP, triphenyl phosphate (TPHP), and diphenyl phosphate (DPHP), while mixed solutions that mimic river water and wastewater composition disturbed the development of embryos and led to the altered transcription of genes relating to the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis. In addition, the binding affinity between OPEs and a thyroid hormone receptor (TRβ) protein was further investigated by molecular docking modeling, which helped to estimate the effects of OPEs on TRβ. This research provides experimental and theoretical evidence for the ecotoxicological effects of OPEs in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, HoHai University, Nanjing, 210098, China.
| | - Chi Yao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, HoHai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Qiangxi Zheng
- Anhui Academy of Environmental Sciences Research, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Wen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, HoHai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Xiangming Niu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, HoHai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Yichun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, HoHai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Guanghua Lu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, HoHai University, Nanjing, 210098, China.
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79
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Schmidt N, Castro-Jiménez J, Fauvelle V, Ourgaud M, Sempéré R. Occurrence of organic plastic additives in surface waters of the Rhône River (France). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 257:113637. [PMID: 31822360 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We present here a comprehensive study (1-year regular sampling) on the occurrence of major families of organic plastic additives in the Rhône River surface waters. Potential sources and contaminant export are also discussed. A total of 22 dissolved phase samples were analyzed for 22 organic additives mainly used in the plastic industry, including organophosphate esters (OPEs), phthalates (PAEs) and bisphenols (BPs). Our results indicate that PAEs were the most abundant class, with concentrations ranging from 97 to 541 ng L-1, followed by OPEs (85-265 ng L-1) and BPs (4-21 ng L-1). Among PAEs, diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) was the most abundant compound, whereas TCPP (Tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate) and TnBP (Tri(n-butyl)phosphate) were the predominant OPEs. Bisphenol S was the only BP detected. 5-54 metric tons year-1 of dissolved organic plastic additives of emerging concern are estimated to be exported to the Gulf of Lion by the Rhône River, which is the main freshwater source of the Mediterranean Sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natascha Schmidt
- Aix-Marseille Univ., Toulon Univ., CNRS, IRD, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (M I O), UM 110, Marseille, France
| | - Javier Castro-Jiménez
- Aix-Marseille Univ., Toulon Univ., CNRS, IRD, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (M I O), UM 110, Marseille, France
| | - Vincent Fauvelle
- Aix-Marseille Univ., Toulon Univ., CNRS, IRD, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (M I O), UM 110, Marseille, France
| | - Mélanie Ourgaud
- Aix-Marseille Univ., Toulon Univ., CNRS, IRD, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (M I O), UM 110, Marseille, France
| | - Richard Sempéré
- Aix-Marseille Univ., Toulon Univ., CNRS, IRD, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (M I O), UM 110, Marseille, France.
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80
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Ekpe OD, Choo G, Barceló D, Oh JE. Introduction of emerging halogenated flame retardants in the environment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.coac.2019.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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81
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He J, Li J, Ma L, Wu N, Zhang Y, Niu Z. Large-scale distribution of organophosphate esters (flame retardants and plasticizers) in soil from residential area across China: Implications for current level. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 697:133997. [PMID: 31479902 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To recognize the occurrence and health risk of organophosphate esters (OPEs) in soil of residential areas, a nationwide survey was conducted covering 32 provincial-level administrative regions of China in 2018. Except for triamyl phosphate (TAP), twelve OPEs were detected in residential soil from 89 cities with a total concentration of 1.70-179 ng/g dw, indicating a relatively low contamination level of OPEs in residential soil of China (compared with point source soils and urban soils). Tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TCIPP) was the most abundant OPEs, followed by tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBOEP), tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) and triphenyl phosphate (TPHP), which suggested that TCIPP has been a replacement of TCEP in recent years. An apparent geographical distribution of higher OPEs levels in the Bohai Rim, the Yangtze Delta and Shanxi province than other regions was found. According to the division of administrative levels, the most serious OPEs pollution occurred in prefecture-level city (20.2 ng/g dw), followed by provincial capital (17.9 ng/g dw) and county town (14.1 ng/g dw), which was affected by the usage of OPEs products and behaviors of local residents. The correlation analysis results showed that environmental parameters (total organic carbon (TOC), precipitation and temperature) were not the major factors determining OPEs contamination, while socioeconomic parameters were significantly correlated with OPEs concentration in undeveloped regions/cities with rare industrial source. Although the health risk assessment suggested a negligible risk to local residents (5.92 × 10-7-1.75 × 10-6 for non-carcinogenic risk and 4.82 × 10-12-2.10 × 10-11 for carcinogenic risk), the production and usage of TCIPP and TCEP should be paid more attention due to their relatively high risks. Our study was attempted to provide a nationwide baseline concentration of OPEs in soil of residential areas, which could be used to support further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jiafu Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Luyao Ma
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Nan Wu
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Zhiguang Niu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; School of Marine Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
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82
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Chen M, Gan Z, Qu B, Chen S, Dai Y, Bao X. Temporal and seasonal variation and ecological risk evaluation of flame retardants in seawater and sediments from Bohai Bay near Tianjin, China during 2014 to 2017. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 146:874-883. [PMID: 31426231 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.07.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Seawater and sediment samples were collected from 2014 to 2017 at Bohai Bay near Tianjin, China. The median concentration of ΣOPFRs was 2202 ng/l in the seawater from 2017. ΣAlkyl-OPFRs was the predominant constitution in the seawater with a median contribution of nearly 80%, and ΣCl-OPFRs was the major component in the sediment. Regarding BFRs, BDE-209 was the principal one in the sediment. The levels of TEP, TCEP and TBEP in sediments displayed significantly seasonal variations. The summer concentration of TEP was higher than that in both the spring and autumn, and concerning TCEP and TBEP, their lowest concentration occurred in summer. The concentration of ΣOPFRs experienced a rapid increasing during 2014-2016 due to more emissions of OPFRs. The ecological risk evaluation of OPFRs and BFRs suggested a moderate and high risk to the investigated marine region under the high exposure scenario, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqin Chen
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Zhiwei Gan
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Bing Qu
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Sibei Chen
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yuanyuan Dai
- Tianjin Bohai Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Bohai Sea Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Xiaoming Bao
- Shimadzu (China) Co., Ltd, Chengdu 610063, China
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83
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Zhao Y, Wang Z, Li D, Feng W, Bian X, Xu J. Two PBDEs exposure inducing feeding depression and disorder of digestive and antioxidative system of Daphnia magna. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 176:279-287. [PMID: 30947031 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.03.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
2,2',4,4'-tetrabrominated diphenyl ether (BDE-47) and 2,2',4,4',5-pentabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-99) are two typical polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and studies have proven that these PBDs can disrupt the behaviors and physical function of aquatic organisms. However, little is known about the compositional impacts of BDE-47/BDE-99 compound pollution on the feeding behavior of Daphnia magna. In this study, a response surface methodology (RSM) was introduced into the combined toxicity assessment of BDE-47 and BDE-99 on the feeding depression of D. magna. Low concentrations of BDE-47 (9.2 μg/L) and BDE-99 (5.4 μg/L) had no effect on the feeding behavior of D. magna; nevertheless, the feeding depression was strengthened, and a concentration-dependent effect was observed with increasing concentrations of BDE-47 and BDE-99. The results of RSM indicated that the mixture of BDE-47 and BDE-99 can enhance their toxicity on the feeding behavior of D. magna. Moreover, real-time PCR (qPCR) analysis showed that the down-regulation of α-amylase (AMS) appeared in most of the exposed D. magna. However, there were significant different in the gene expression of trypsin, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) between the exposure and control groups. The change in the enzyme activity of AMS, trypsin, SOD and CAT implied that BDE-47 and BDE-99 cause damage to the digestive and antioxidative systems of D. magna. Correlation analysis indicated that a significant positive correlation existed between the gene expression and enzyme activity of SOD and CAT. Our results contribute to the understanding of toxicity caused by BDE-47/BDE-99 compound pollution in D. magna and help to improve traditional toxicity assessment methods for aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucheng Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Zhenglong Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Detian Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Wenpei Feng
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xiaohong Bian
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Jiyang Xu
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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84
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Xing L, Wang L, Xu B, Li A. Derivation of the predicted no-effect concentration for organophosphate esters and the associated ecological risk in surface water in China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:19795-19803. [PMID: 31089997 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05236-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate esters (OPEs), as re-emerging contaminants considered to be a potential health concern, are ubiquitous in the environment and have been widely investigated. However, little is known on the safe OPE concentrations in the water quality criteria for the protection of the aquatic environment, which is an indispensable part of environmental management. In the present study, aquatic acute and chronic predicted no-effect concentrations (PNECs) of six frequently detected OPEs were derived from the hazardous concentrations for 5% of species (HC5s), respectively. The acute PNECs for the selected OPEs ranged from 17.70 to 3562 μg/L, while the chronic PNECs ranged from 4.6 × 10-4 to 61.85 μg/L. Among these OPEs, tricresyl phosphate (TCrP) exhibited the lowest acute PNEC, while tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCPP) presented chronic PNEC, which indicated that it has a higher toxicity effect on the aquatic environment. Furthermore, the aquatic ecological risks of individual OPEs (except for TDCPP) were deemed to be relatively low in Chinese surface water; however, the aquatic ecological risks of TDCPP and ΣOPEs indicated that they have potential adverse effects and should be considered as a potential health concern. The probability of 5% of aquatic organisms being affected by ΣOPEs was in the range of 0.21 to 17.39% based on the joint probability curve method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqun Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Nanjing University & Yancheng Academy of Environmental Protection Technology and Engineering, Yancheng, 224000, China
| | - Lichao Wang
- Nanjing University & Yancheng Academy of Environmental Protection Technology and Engineering, Yancheng, 224000, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, No.8 Jiangwangmiao Street, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Aimin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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85
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Zhang Z, Shao H, Wu M, Zhang J, Li D, Li J, Wang H, Shi W, Xu G. Occurrence, Distribution, and Potential Sources of Organophosphate Esters in Urban and Rural Surface Water in Shanghai, China. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2019; 77:115-126. [PMID: 31134307 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-019-00633-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the occurrence and distribution patterns of eight organophosphate esters (OPEs) were investigated in urban and rural surface water in a typical cosmopolitan city: Shanghai, China. In addition, concentration levels and removal efficiencies of seven sewage treatment plants were analyzed. The OPEs concentrations detected in urban rivers were significantly higher than those detected in rural rivers. Total OPEs ranged from 185.4 to 321 ng L-1 in rural surface water and from 340 to 1688.7 ng L-1 in urban, with an average of 221.8 ng L-1 and 850.2 ng L-1, respectively. Compared with other studies published in the world, the OPEs contamination in surface river water in Shanghai was at a moderate level. Furthermore, the potential sources of OPEs in urban surface water were investigated, and the results indicated that OPEs in urban surface water mainly came from three potential sources. In rural surface water, the OPE concentrations were uniformly distributed, so OPEs in rural surface water may came from nonpoint source pollution. Last, a preliminary environmental risk assessment and health risk assessment were conducted. The results showed low environmental risks at all sampling sites (except for sampling point R7: medium risk for algae) for the three aquatic organisms (algae, daphnia, and fish). Health risk assessment indicated a noncarcinogenic risk for diverse human groups for ƩOPEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyong Zhang
- Institute of Applied Radiation of Shanghai, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyang Shao
- Institute of Applied Radiation of Shanghai, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Applied Radiation Institute, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Minghong Wu
- Institute of Applied Radiation of Shanghai, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Applied Radiation Institute, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Junyun Zhang
- Institute of Applied Radiation of Shanghai, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongyang Li
- Institute of Applied Radiation of Shanghai, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinsong Li
- Institute of Applied Radiation of Shanghai, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyong Wang
- Institute of Applied Radiation of Shanghai, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Applied Radiation Institute, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyan Shi
- Institute of Applied Radiation of Shanghai, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Applied Radiation Institute, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Xu
- Institute of Applied Radiation of Shanghai, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China.
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China.
- Shanghai Applied Radiation Institute, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China.
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86
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Ren X, Wang W, Zhao X, Ren B, Chang L. Parental exposure to tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate results in thyroid endocrine disruption and inhibition of growth in zebrafish offspring. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 209:132-141. [PMID: 30771614 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCIPP) is a re-emerging environmental contaminant used as a suitable substitute for brominated flame retardants. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of TDCIPP on thyroid disruption and growth inhibition in zebrafish (Danio rerio) offspring after chronic parental exposure, and to examine the possible molecular mechanisms involved. When adult zebrafish (4 months old) were exposed to 5.66, 25.55, or 92.8 μg TDCIPP/L for 90 days, bioconcentration of TDCIPP and its metabolic product [bis(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate, BDCIPP] was observed in 7-day postfertilization (dpf) F1 larvae, which suggests the transfer of this compound from adult fish to their offspring. Our results demonstrated that parental exposure to TDCIPP induced thyroid disruption in the offspring, demonstrated by significantly decreased thyroxine (T4) and increased 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) levels, and disruption of the transcription of several genes and expression of proteins involved in the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis in F1 larvae. Parental exposure to TDCIPP resulted in developmental abnormalities in offspring; the smaller body length that was recorded might be partly the result of the perturbation of the HPT axis. In addition, the results revealed that growth inhibition also resulted from the downregulation of the transcription of genes and expression of proteins involved in the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor (GH/IGF) axis. Our study provides a new set of evidence showing that parental exposure to TDCIPP can induce thyroid disruption and inhibition of growth in offspring, and that perturbation of the HPT axis and GH/IGF axis contribute to these adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ren
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Materials and Pollution Control, the Education Department of Jilin Province, Siping, 136000, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Jilin Normal University, Haifeng Street, Tiexi Dist, Siping, 136000, China
| | - Weitong Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Jilin Normal University, Haifeng Street, Tiexi Dist, Siping, 136000, China
| | - Xuesong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Materials and Pollution Control, the Education Department of Jilin Province, Siping, 136000, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Jilin Normal University, Haifeng Street, Tiexi Dist, Siping, 136000, China.
| | - Baixiang Ren
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Materials and Pollution Control, the Education Department of Jilin Province, Siping, 136000, China; Key Laboratory of Preparation and Application of Environmental Friendly Materials, the Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Siping, 136000, China.
| | - Limin Chang
- Key Laboratory of Preparation and Application of Environmental Friendly Materials, the Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Siping, 136000, China
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87
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Shen J, Zhang Y, Yu N, Crump D, Li J, Su H, Letcher RJ, Su G. Organophosphate Ester, 2-Ethylhexyl Diphenyl Phosphate (EHDPP), Elicits Cytotoxic and Transcriptomic Effects in Chicken Embryonic Hepatocytes and Its Biotransformation Profile Compared to Humans. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:2151-2160. [PMID: 30652482 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b06246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The effects of 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate (EHDPP) on cytotoxicity and mRNA expression, as well as its metabolism, were investigated using a chicken embryonic hepatocyte (CEH) assay. After incubation for 36 h, the lethal concentration 50 (LC50) was 50 ± 11 μM, suggesting that EHDPP is one of a small cohort of highly toxic organophosphate esters (OPEs). By use of a ToxChip polymerase chain reaction (PCR) array, we report modulation of 6, 11, or 16/43 genes in CEH following exposure to 0.1, 1, or 10 μM EHDPP, respectively. The altered genes were from all nine biological pathways represented on the ToxChip including bile acids/cholesterol regulation, glucose metabolism, lipid homeostasis, and the thyroid hormone pathway. After incubation for 36 h, 92.5% of EHDPP was transformed, and one of its presumed metabolites, diphenyl phosphate (DPHP), only accounted for 12% of the original EHDPP concentration. Further screening by use of high-resolution mass spectrometry revealed a novel EHDPP metabolite, hydroxylated 2-ethylhexyl monophenyl phosphate (OH-EHMPP), which was also detected in a human blood pool. Additional EHDPP metabolites detected in the human blood pool included EHMPP and DPHP. Overall, this study provided novel information regarding the toxicity of EHDPP and identified a potential EHDPP metabolite, OH-EHMPP, in both avian species and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyou Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering , Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing 210094 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yayun Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering , Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing 210094 , People's Republic of China
| | - Nanyang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Doug Crump
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre , Carleton University , Ottawa , Onatrio K1A 0H3 , Canada
| | - Jianhua Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering , Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing 210094 , People's Republic of China
| | - Huijun Su
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering , Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing 210094 , People's Republic of China
| | - Robert J Letcher
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre , Carleton University , Ottawa , Onatrio K1A 0H3 , Canada
| | - Guanyong Su
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering , Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing 210094 , People's Republic of China
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88
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Yin K, Viana PZ, Rockne KJ. Organic contaminated sediments remediation with active caps: Nonlinear adsorption unveiled by combined isotherm and column transportation studies. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 214:710-718. [PMID: 30293024 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.09.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Bench-scale column studies were performed with four cap materials (sand, apatite, organoclay and granular activated carbon) for five target compounds (toluene, naphthalene, phenanthrene, pyrene and dichlorobiphenyl) to represent a range of cap materials and pollutants (volatile & semi-volatile compounds) commonly found in sediments. Two moment-derived methods were used to model cap performance. Rough agreement was observed between the column experiments and modeling data with the fronting and tailing effects identified from certain breakthrough curves indicating a high potential of non-linear adsorption. Distribution coefficients (kd) were experimentally determined with isotherm studies together with measurements of surface area and microporosity of the cap materials via nitrogen adsorption porisimetry. These studies unveiled the occurrence of nonlinear adsorption by Freundlich simulation. The effects of nonlinear adsorption of the cap were further explored via modeling. Results suggested better prediction of cap performance assuming nonlinear adsorption instead of linear adsorption results based upon the risk of release for a 30-year period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Yin
- Residues and Resource Reclamation Centre (R3C), Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, Singapore, 637141, Singapore
| | | | - Karl J Rockne
- Dept. of Civil and Materials Engineering, 3077 Engineering Research Facility, Univ. of Illinois at Chicago, 842 West Taylor St., M/C 246, Chicago, IL 60607-7023, USA.
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89
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Zhao H, Zhao F, Liu J, Zhang S, Mu D, An L, Wan Y, Hu J. Trophic transfer of organophosphorus flame retardants in a lake food web. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 242:1887-1893. [PMID: 30072223 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.07.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Despite increasing use of organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs), their food web transfer behavior is not well known. In this study, concentrations of fourteen OPFRs were measured in 17 species from Taihu Lake, China, and their trophodynamics were assessed. Of the 14 OPFRs, nine were detected in at least 70% of the food web samples, including tris(ethyl) phosphate (TEP), tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), tris(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCIPP), tris(isobutyl) phosphate (TIBP), tris(1,3-dichloroisopropyl) phosphate (TDCIPP), tris(n-butyl) phosphate (TNBP), tris(phenyl) phosphate (TPHP), tris(methylphenyl) phosphate (TMPP), and 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate (EHDPP). The total OPFR concentrations were 100 ± 23 ng/g ww in plankton, 17 ± 11 ng/g ww in invertebrates, and 9.8 ± 6.2 ng/g ww in fish. TIBP (93 ± 16 ng/g ww) was the dominant OPFR in plankton, whereas TCEP (2.4 ± 3.9 ng/g ww) and TPHP (3.3 ± 16 ng/g ww) were dominant in fish. While negative relationships between concentration and aquatic species trophic level were observed for all nine OPFRs, only those for TCIPP (p = 0.022), TDCIPP (p = 0.029), and TMPP (p = 0.021) were statistically significant, with trophic magnification factors (TMFs) of 0.55, 0.39, and 0.42, respectively. This study provides fundamental information for assessing ecological risks of OPFRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoqi Zhao
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Fanrong Zhao
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jixuan Liu
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Shiyi Zhang
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Di Mu
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Lihui An
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Yi Wan
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jianying Hu
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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