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Ellis KR, Young TL, Carthron D, Simms M, McFarlin S, Davis KL, Dave G, Corbie-Smith G, Cené C. Perceptions of Rural African American Adults About the Role of Family in Understanding and Addressing Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease. Am J Health Promot 2018; 33:708-717. [PMID: 30249119 DOI: 10.1177/0890117118799574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE African Americans (AAs) in rural south and southeast regions of the United States have among the highest prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the country. The purpose of this qualitative, exploratory study is to understand family influences on CVD-related knowledge and health-related behaviors among rural AA adults. DESIGN Qualitative descriptive study design using a community-based participatory research approach. SETTING Two rural North Carolina counties. PARTICIPANTS Eligible participants were AA adults (at least 21 years of age), who self-reported either CVD diagnosis or selected CVD risk factor(s) for themselves or for an adult family member (N = 37). METHOD Directed content analysis of semistructured interviews by community and academic partners. RESULTS Family health history and familial norms and preferences influenced participants' CVD-related knowledge, beliefs, and health-related behaviors. Participants reported their families were helpful for increasing motivation for and overcoming barriers to healthy behaviors, including hard-to-access community resources and physical challenges. Conversely, and to a lesser extent, participants also reported that family members hindered or had little influence (positive or negative) on their engagement in healthy behaviors. CONCLUSION Family played an important role in helping individuals overcome personal and community-related challenges. Efforts to reduce CVD burden among rural AAs should seek to understand the family-related facilitators, barriers, and processes associated with CVD knowledge and risk-reduction behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina R Ellis
- 1 School of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,2 Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,3 Center for Health Equity Research, Department of Social Medicine, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Tiffany L Young
- 3 Center for Health Equity Research, Department of Social Medicine, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,4 NC TraCS Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | | | - Shirley McFarlin
- 7 James McFarlin Community Development, Inc, Rocky Mount, NC, USA
| | - Kia L Davis
- 8 Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Guarav Dave
- 3 Center for Health Equity Research, Department of Social Medicine, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,4 NC TraCS Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Giselle Corbie-Smith
- 3 Center for Health Equity Research, Department of Social Medicine, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,9 Department of Social Medicine, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,10 Division of General Internal Medicine, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Crystal Cené
- 3 Center for Health Equity Research, Department of Social Medicine, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,10 Division of General Internal Medicine, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Poursafa P, Dadvand P, Amin MM, Hajizadeh Y, Ebrahimpour K, Mansourian M, Pourzamani H, Sunyer J, Kelishadi R. Association of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with cardiometabolic risk factors and obesity in children. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 118:203-210. [PMID: 29886236 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A limited body of evidence exists on the association of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with cardiometabolic risk factors and obesity in children. No study has evaluated these associations in subgroups of children with and without excess weight, and those with and without cardiometabolic risk factors. We aimed to investigate the association between PAH exposure and cardiometabolic risk factors in children independent of their weight status. The secondary aim was to evaluate the obesogen properties of PAHs in children independent of their cardiometabolic risk factors. This study was based on a representative sample of 186 children (aged 6-18 years) living in Isfahan, Iran (2014-2016). We enrolled four groups of participants with and without excess weight and with and without cardiometabolic risk factor. Urinary levels of monohydroxy PAHs (OH-PAHs) were measured twice, six months apart. Logistic regression models were developed to estimate the associations of tertiles of urinary OH-PAH concentrations with cardiometabolic risk factors and excess weight, adjusted for the relevant covariates. The findings in all participants combined showed that increased risk of cardiometabolic risk factors and excess weight was associated with exposure to most of evaluated PAHs. Exposure to 1-hydroxypyrene was associated with higher risk of cardiometabolic risk factors in participants with excess weight. Exposure to 2-Naphtol was also associated with higher risk of cardiometabolic risk factors in both groups, but the associations were not significant (p < 0.1). For participants without cardiometabolic risk factors, exposure to 2-naphtol, 9-phenanthrol, and ∑ OH-PAH was associated with increased risk of obesity. For participants with cardiometabolic risk factors, we observed similar pattern of associations for 2-naphtol and ∑ OH-PAH, but the associations were not statistically significant (p < 0.1). We found that exposure to PAHs could possibly explain, in part, the cardiometabolic risk factors in children with excess weight as well as obesity in children with normal cardiometabolic profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parinaz Poursafa
- Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Payam Dadvand
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain; Ciber on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Amin
- Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Yaghoub Hajizadeh
- Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Karim Ebrahimpour
- Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Marjan Mansourian
- Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Pourzamani
- Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Jordi Sunyer
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain; Ciber on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Roya Kelishadi
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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53
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Condon LJ, McClean S. Maintaining pre-school children's health and wellbeing in the UK: a qualitative study of the views of migrant parents. J Public Health (Oxf) 2018; 39:455-463. [PMID: 27591301 PMCID: PMC5896591 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdw083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is evidence that key health behaviours of people who migrate deteriorate over time, which has a consequent impact upon the health of dependent children. As health in the early years sets the course for lifelong health, it is important to explore parents' views on maintaining children's health following migration. Methods Five focus groups were held with parents of preschool children who had migrated to the UK within the last 10 years (n = 28). Parents originated from Romania, Poland, Somalia and Pakistan, with one group of Roma Gypsy parents. Data collection took place in January to March 2015. Results All groups, apart from the Roma, perceived barriers to maintaining optimal health and well-being for their preschool children following migration to the UK. Eastern European parents experienced difficulties in ensuring family financial security, while parents from more established communities focused on barriers to children's exercise, play and nutrition. Conclusions This study highlights aspects of public health where migrants and their children can experience adverse effects in the UK. These findings have implications for policymakers, commissioners and providers of health services who aim to promote good health among preschool children.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Condon
- Department of Nursing, University of Swansea, SwanseaSA2 8PP, UK
| | - S McClean
- Department of Health and Social Sciences, University of the West of England, BristolBS16 1QY, UK
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Wong P, Denburg A, Dave M, Levin L, Morinis JO, Suleman S, Wong J, Ford-Jones E, Moore AM. Early life environment and social determinants of cardiac health in children with congenital heart disease. Paediatr Child Health 2018; 23:92-95. [PMID: 29686491 PMCID: PMC5905484 DOI: 10.1093/pch/pxx146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart disease is a significant cause of infant mortality. Epidemiology and social context play a crucial role in conditioning disease burden and modulating outcomes, while diagnosis and treatment remain resource intensive. This review will address the role of social demographics, environmental exposure, epigenetics and nutrition in the aetiology of congenital heart disease. We then discuss the determinant effect of social factors on the provision and outcomes of care for congenital heart disease and implications for practice. It is our hope that enhanced knowledge of the intersection of social determinants of health and congenital heart disease will facilitate effective preventative strategies at the individual and population levels to optimize heart health outcomes across the life course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Wong
- Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
| | | | - Malini Dave
- Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Leo Levin
- Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Julia Orkin Morinis
- Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Shazeen Suleman
- Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Jonathan Wong
- Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Elizabeth Ford-Jones
- Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Aideen M Moore
- Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
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55
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Golan R, Kloog I, Almog R, Gesser-Edelsburg A, Negev M, Jolles M, Shalev V, Eisenberg VH, Koren G, Abu Ahmad W, Levine H. Environmental exposures and fetal growth: the Haifa pregnancy cohort study. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:132. [PMID: 29329571 PMCID: PMC5767054 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5030-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The developing fetus is susceptible to environmental insults. Studying the effects of environmental exposures on fetal growth is essential for understanding the causal pathway between prenatal exposures and pregnancy outcomes. Here we describe the Haifa Pregnancy Cohort Study (HPCS) and discuss challenges and opportunities in applying “big data” paradigm. Methods Maccabi Healthcare Services (MHS), is the second largest Israeli health maintenance organization (HMO) providing care services to two million beneficiaries. The HPCS cohort potentially includes ~750,000 newborns born between 1998 and 2017. We will estimate daily exposures to air pollutants, temperature and greenness, using satellite-based data and models. We hypothesize that residents of Haifa have higher exposures to environmental pollutants and that in pregnant women this higher exposure is associated with poorer fetal growth. We will evaluate outcomes such as birth-weight, head-circumference and gestational age at birth. We will adjust for pregnancy complications such as pre-eclampsia and gestational diabetes and parental variables, such as maternal weight, age and smoking habits as potential confounders. In addition, we will conduct a multi-tiered field study, nested within this population, among 150 pregnant women residing in two geographical regions-one in the polluted Haifa area, and one in a relatively unpolluted area in central Israel. Blood and urinary samples will be collected, as well as personal and indoor exposure to air pollution. Discussion Evaluating environmental exposures of pregnant women and assessing in utero growth over the course of the pregnancy during different exposure windows, is of great scientific and public health interest. Recent advances in data collection and analysis pose great promise to provide insights into contribution of environment to the health of the developing fetus, but also pose major challenges and pitfalls, such as data management, proper statistical framework and integration of data in the population-based study and selectiveness in the nested field study. Yet the continuing follow-up of the study cohort, integrating data from different services, health-promotion, and eventually, application later in real life of our main promises. Our study aims to meet these challenges and to provide evidence of the environmental exposures associated with fetal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Golan
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, 84105, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
| | - Itai Kloog
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, 84105, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | - Varda Shalev
- Institute of Research and Innovation, Maccabitech, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Vered H Eisenberg
- Institute of Research and Innovation, Maccabitech, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Gideon Koren
- Institute of Research and Innovation, Maccabitech, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Wiessam Abu Ahmad
- Hadassah-Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel.,The Hebrew University Center of Excellence in Agriculture and Environmental Health, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hagai Levine
- Hadassah-Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel.,The Hebrew University Center of Excellence in Agriculture and Environmental Health, Jerusalem, Israel
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56
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Kelishadi R, Sobhani P, Poursafa P, Amin MM, Ebrahimpour K, Hovsepian S, Mansourian M, Najafi R, Hashemipour M. Is there any association between urinary metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and thyroid hormone levels in children and adolescents? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:1962-1968. [PMID: 29105036 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0577-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Considering the possible effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on thyroid function, the current study aims to investigate the association of PAH urinary metabolites with the level of thyroid hormones in a sample of Iranian children and adolescents. This cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2015 to July 2016 in Isfahan, Iran. Participants were 150 students, aged 6-18 years, who were selected by multistage cluster random sampling from schools of Isfahan province. Blood and urine samples of participants were obtained for measurement of thyroid hormone levels (measured by immunoradiometric assay) and PAH urinary metabolites, including 1-hydroxynaphthalene, 2-hydroxynaphthalene, 9-hydroxyphenanthrene, and 1-hydroxypyrene. The association of serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and PAH urinary metabolites was determined by correlation and regression analyses. Multivariate regression analysis revealed significant association between serum TSH and PAH urinary metabolites; this association remained significant after adjustment for gender and age. The corresponding figures were r = 0.85 for 1-naphthol, r = 0.86 for 2-naphthol, r = 0.87 for 1-hydroxypyrene, and r = 0.42 for 9-phenantrol, respectively, all p values < 0.001. The mean levels of 1-hydroxypyrene and 9-phenanthrol were higher in boys than those in girls (p < 0.05). The findings of this study indicated significant positive association between urinary PAH biomarkers and the TSH level in children and adolescents. It can be suggested that long-term exposure to PAHs might result in thyroid function impairment. The clinical implication of the current findings should be confirmed by future longitudinal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roya Kelishadi
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Payam Sobhani
- Imam Hossein Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Parinaz Poursafa
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Amin
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Karim Ebrahimpour
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Silva Hovsepian
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Marjan Mansourian
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Reza Najafi
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Mahin Hashemipour
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
- Imam Hossein Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
- Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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Sayyari AA, Abdollahi Z, Ziaodini H, Olang B, Fallah H, Salehi F, Heidari-Beni M, Imanzadeh F, Abasalti Z, Fozouni F, Jafari S, Lashkarlouki F, Sahebdel M, Siadati A, Aslani H, Hosseini M, Goodarzi A, Yngve A, Kelishadi R. Methodology of the Comprehensive Program on Prevention and Control of Overweight and Obesity in Iranian Children and Adolescents: The IRAN-Ending Childhood Obesity (IRAN-ECHO) Program. Int J Prev Med 2017; 8:107. [PMID: 29416836 PMCID: PMC5760845 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_426_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The World Health Organization program on Ending Childhood Obesity (WHO-ECHO) has developed a comprehensive and integrated package of recommendations to address childhood obesity. The present study, entitled IRAN-ECHO, was designed and implemented in the framework of the WHO-ECHO program. Methods: The IRAN-ECHO program is implementing multicomponent interventions by considering life course dimensions. The program has two parts: a population approach and an individual approach. The population approach considers different periods in life, including prenatal, infancy, childhood, and adolescence, as well as family and society. The individual approach targets those children or adolescents with overweight or obesity; this part is conducted as a referral system that is now integrated in the current national health system. As part of the population approach, a quasi-experimental study was conducted in six provinces to compare the status before and after implementing parts of the interventions. By intersectoral collaboration with different organizations, multicomponent interventions are conducted for different age groups. Results: The IRAN-ECHO program is being conducted in six provinces, and will be considered in all provinces in the near future. Its main effects could be assessed in future years. Part of this program that was conducted as a quasi-experimental survey comprised 7149 students and showed that a high percentage of students had acceptable knowledge about adverse health effects of overweight and obesity. However, the knowledge about the low nutritional value of unhealthy snacks such as potato chips, puffs, industrial juices, and carbonated drinks was not appropriate. Many participants had the undesirable attitude of skipping one of the main meals when attempting to lose weight. Conclusions: The IRAN-ECHO program is presenting the feasibility of conducting the WHO-ECHO recommendations in Iran. The scope of potential policy recommendations to decrease childhood obesity is extensive and includes various elements. This program considers multisectoral interventions through population and individual approaches. The multicomponent interventions of this program address the obesogenic environment by considering the life course dimensions. It is expected that, by its life course interventions, it could help in primordial and primary prevention of noncommunicable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali-Akbar Sayyari
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Research Center, Research Institute for Children Health, Mofid Children's Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Abdollahi
- Department of Nutrition, Mofid Children's Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Ziaodini
- Department of Health Psychology, Research Center of Education Ministry Studies, Tehran, Iran
| | - Beheshteh Olang
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Research Center, Research Institute for Children Health, Mofid Children's Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Nutrition, Mofid Children's Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Fallah
- Department of Nutrition, Mofid Children's Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Forouzan Salehi
- Department of Nutrition, Mofid Children's Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Motahar Heidari-Beni
- Department of Nutrition, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Farid Imanzadeh
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Research Center, Research Institute for Children Health, Mofid Children's Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Abasalti
- Department of Nutrition, Provincial Health Center, Mashad University of Medical Sciences, Mashad, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Fozouni
- Department of Nutrition, Provincial Health Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sakineh Jafari
- Department of Nutrition, Provincial Health Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Farhad Lashkarlouki
- Department of Nutrition, Provincial Health Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mahnoush Sahebdel
- Department of Nutrition, Provincial Health Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Arash Siadati
- Department of Nutrition, Provincial Health Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Hamideh Aslani
- Department of Health Psychology, Research Center of Education Ministry Studies, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Hosseini
- Department of Biostatistics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azam Goodarzi
- Department of Health Psychology, Research Center of Education Ministry Studies, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Health Education and Promotion, Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Agneta Yngve
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Social Sciences, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Roya Kelishadi
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Lead promotes abnormal angiogenesis induced by CCM3 gene defects via mitochondrial pathway. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2017; 9:182-190. [DOI: 10.1017/s2040174417000782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Lead is one of the environmental pollutants with cardiovascular toxicity. The embryos are particularly sensitive to lead exposure, because it can move through the blood-placental barrier and the blood-brain barrier easily during embryonic development. Cerebral cavernous malformations 3 (CCM3) gene plays an important role in cardiovascular development, mainly affecting cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. In this study, we established a blood vessel development model of mouse embryos in order to imitate human people with CCM3 genes defects and exposing to environment toxin Pb in utero. We would like to determine the interaction of Pb and CCM3 gene on vascular development, and to explore the mechanisms. We found that the yolk sac of CCM3 heterozygous mice embryo showed abnormal morphology at E11.5 after lead treatment comparing with wild type (WT) mice without lead exposure, meanwhile it showed more angiogenesis and vascular remodeling in the hematoxylin and eosin stained sections of the CCM3+/− yolk sac with lead exposure. We also found that the similar effect of Pb and CCM3 gene on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number in vivo and in vitro. Mitochondrial morphology and function also changed in primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells after lead exposure. Besides, it was found that the HIF-1α and TFAM which have close relationship with mtDNA biogenesis showed similarly increasing messenger RNA expression in both human and mouse-derived primary cells with lead treated and CCM3 gene knockout. All of the above results indicated that lead and CCM3 might damage endothelial cells through mitochondria pathway and eventually both affected angiogenesis.
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Reference Intervals for Non-Fasting CVD Lipids and Inflammation Markers in Pregnant Indigenous Australian Women. Healthcare (Basel) 2017; 5:healthcare5040072. [PMID: 29036887 PMCID: PMC5746706 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare5040072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Indigenous Australians experience high rates of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The origins of CVD may commence during pregnancy, yet few serum reference values for CVD biomarkers exist specific to the pregnancy period. The Gomeroi gaaynggal research project is a program that undertakes research and provides some health services to pregnant Indigenous women. Three hundred and ninety-nine non-fasting samples provided by the study participants (206 pregnancies and 175 women) have been used to construct reference intervals for CVD biomarkers during this critical time. A pragmatic design was used, in that women were not excluded for the presence of chronic or acute health states. Percentile bands for non-linear relationships were constructed according to the methods of Wright and Royston (2008), using the xriml package in StataIC 13.1. Serum cholesterol, triglycerides, cystatin-C and alkaline phosphatase increased as gestational age progressed, with little change seen in high-sensitivity C-Reactive Protein and γ glutamyl transferase. Values provided in the reference intervals are consistent with findings from other research projects. These reference intervals will form a basis with which future CVD biomarkers for pregnant Indigenous Australian women can be compared.
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Association of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals, Bisphenol A and Phthalates, with Childhood Obesity: A Systematic Review. JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS REVIEW 2017. [DOI: 10.5812/jpr.11894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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61
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Van Hulst A, Barnett TA, Paradis G, Roy-Gagnon MH, Gomez-Lopez L, Henderson M. Birth Weight, Postnatal Weight Gain, and Childhood Adiposity in Relation to Lipid Profile and Blood Pressure During Early Adolescence. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6:JAHA.117.006302. [PMID: 28778942 PMCID: PMC5586463 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.006302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Background Different pathways likely underlie the association between early weight gain and cardiovascular disease risk. We examined whether birth weight for length relationship and weight gain up to 2 years of age are associated with lipid profiles and blood pressure (BP) in early adolescence and determined whether childhood adiposity mediates these associations. Methods and Results Data from QUALITY (Quebec Adipose and Lifestyle Investigation in Youth), a cohort of white children with parental history of obesity, were analyzed (n=395). Sex‐specific weight for length z scores from birth to 2 years were computed. Rate of postnatal weight gain was estimated using individual slopes of weight for length z‐score measurements. Percentage of body fat was measured at 8 to 10 years. Fasting lipids and BP were measured at 10 to 12 years. Using path analysis, we found indirect effects of postnatal weight gain, through childhood adiposity, on all outcomes: Rate of postnatal weight for length gain was positively associated with childhood adiposity, which in turn was associated with unfavorable lipid and BP levels in early adolescence. In contrast, small beneficial direct effects on diastolic BP z scores, independent of weight at other time points, were found for birth weight for length (β=−0.05, 95% CI, −0.09 to −0.002) and for postnatal weight gain (β=−0.02, 95% CI, −0.03 to −0.002). Conclusions Among children with at least 1 obese parent, faster postnatal weight gain leads to cardiovascular risk factors in early adolescence through its effect on childhood adiposity. Although heavier newborns may have lower BP in early adolescence, this protective direct effect could be offset by a deleterious indirect effect linking birth weight to later adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andraea Van Hulst
- Department of Epidemiology Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,Centre de recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Canada
| | - Tracie A Barnett
- Centre de recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Canada.,INRS-Armand-Frappier Institute, Laval, Canada
| | - Gilles Paradis
- Department of Epidemiology Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Lilianne Gomez-Lopez
- Centre de recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Canada.,Division of medical genetics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Canada
| | - Mélanie Henderson
- Centre de recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Canada .,Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Canada
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Leung M, Bassani DG, Racine-Poon A, Goldenberg A, Ali SA, Kang G, Premkumar PS, Roth DE. Conditional random slope: A new approach for estimating individual child growth velocity in epidemiological research. Am J Hum Biol 2017; 29. [PMID: 28429467 PMCID: PMC5599979 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Conditioning child growth measures on baseline accounts for regression to the mean (RTM). Here, we present the “conditional random slope” (CRS) model, based on a linear‐mixed effects model that incorporates a baseline‐time interaction term that can accommodate multiple data points for a child while also directly accounting for RTM. METHODS In two birth cohorts, we applied five approaches to estimate child growth velocities from 0 to 12 months to assess the effect of increasing data density (number of measures per child) on the magnitude of RTM of unconditional estimates, and the correlation and concordance between the CRS and four alternative metrics. Further, we demonstrated the differential effect of the choice of velocity metric on the magnitude of the association between infant growth and stunting at 2 years. RESULTS RTM was minimally attenuated by increasing data density for unconditional growth modeling approaches. CRS and classical conditional models gave nearly identical estimates with two measures per child. Compared to the CRS estimates, unconditional metrics had moderate correlation (r = 0.65–0.91), but poor agreement in the classification of infants with relatively slow growth (kappa = 0.38–0.78). Estimates of the velocity‐stunting association were the same for CRS and classical conditional models but differed substantially between conditional versus unconditional metrics. CONCLUSION The CRS can leverage the flexibility of linear mixed models while addressing RTM in longitudinal analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Leung
- Research Institute and Centre for Global Child Health, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Diego G Bassani
- Research Institute and Centre for Global Child Health, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Anna Goldenberg
- Genetics and Genome Biology, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Syed Asad Ali
- Department of Pediatrics, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Gagandeep Kang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Sciences, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Prasanna S Premkumar
- Department of Gastrointestinal Sciences, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India.,Department of Biostatistics, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Daniel E Roth
- Research Institute and Centre for Global Child Health, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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63
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VELLA STEWARTA, SWANN CHRISTIAN, ALLEN MARKS, SCHWEICKLE MATTHEWJ, MAGEE CHRISTOPHERA. Bidirectional Associations between Sport Involvement and Mental Health in Adolescence. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2017; 49:687-694. [DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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64
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Umbilical artery histomorphometry: a link between the intrauterine environment and kidney development. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2017; 8:349-356. [PMID: 28260559 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174417000113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Prematurity is a risk factor for hypertension, vascular stiffness, nephron deficit and adult onset cardiorenal disease. The vascular tree and kidneys share morphogenic drivers that promote maturation in utero before 36 weeks of gestation. Vascular elastin accrual terminates after birth leaving collagen to promote vascular stiffness. Our objective was to determine if the histomorphometry of the umbilical artery, an extension of the aorta, parallels nephron mass across gestational age groups. From a cohort of 54 newborns, 32 umbilical cord specimens were adequate for evaluation. The umbilical cord was sectioned, stained with trichrome, and digitalized. Muscular and collagenous areas of the umbilical artery were measured in pixels using the Image J 1.48q software. Total kidney volume was measured by ultrasound and factored by body surface area (TKV/BSA). The umbilical artery total area was significantly greater in term v. preterm infants (9.3±1.3 v. 7.0±2.0 mm2; P<0.05) and increased with gestational age; while the percent muscular and collagen areas were independent of gestational age (R 2=0.04; P=ns). Percent muscular area correlated positively with TKV/BSA (r=0.53; P=0.002); while an increase in collagen correlated inversely with kidney mass (r=-0.53; P=0.002). In conclusion, an enhanced % muscular area and presumed vascular elasticity was associated with increased renal mass in all infants. Umbilical artery histomorphometry provides a link between the intrauterine environment, vascular and kidney development.
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Verma AK, Schulte PJ, Bittner V, Keteyian SJ, Fleg JL, Piña IL, Swank AM, Fitz-Gerald M, Ellis SJ, Kraus WE, Whellan DJ, O'Connor CM, Mentz RJ. Socioeconomic and partner status in chronic heart failure: Relationship to exercise capacity, quality of life, and clinical outcomes. Am Heart J 2017; 183:54-61. [PMID: 27979042 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prognosis in patients with heart failure (HF) is commonly assessed based on clinical characteristics. The association between partner status and socioeconomic status (SES) and outcomes in chronic HF requires further study. METHODS We performed a post hoc analysis of HF-ACTION, which randomized 2,331 HF patients with ejection fraction ≤35% to usual care ± aerobic exercise training. We examined baseline quality of life and functional capacity and outcomes (all-cause mortality/hospitalization) by partner status and SES using adjusted Cox models and explored an interaction with exercise training. Outcomes were examined based on partner status, education level, annual income, and employment. RESULTS Having a partner, education beyond high school, an income >$25,000, and being employed were associated with better baseline functional capacity and quality of life. Over a median follow-up of 2.5 years, higher education, higher income, being employed, and having a partner were associated with lower all-cause mortality/hospitalization. After multivariable adjustment, lower mortality was seen associated with having a partner (hazard ratio 0.91, 95% CI 0.81-1.03, P=.15) and more than a high school education (hazard ratio 0.91, CI 0.80-1.02, P=.12), although these associations were not statistically significant. There was no interaction between any of these variables and exercise training on outcomes (all P>.5). CONCLUSIONS Having a partner and higher SES were associated with greater functional capacity and quality of life at baseline but were not independent predictors of long-term clinical outcomes in patients with chronic HF. These findings provide information that may be considered as potential variables impacting outcomes.
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Lin Y, Chen J, Shen B. Interactions Between Genetics, Lifestyle, and Environmental Factors for Healthcare. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1005:167-191. [PMID: 28916933 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-5717-5_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The occurrence and progression of diseases are strongly associated with a combination of genetic, lifestyle, and environmental factors. Understanding the interplay between genetic and nongenetic components provides deep insights into disease pathogenesis and promotes personalized strategies for people healthcare. Recently, the paradigm of systems medicine, which integrates biomedical data and knowledge at multidimensional levels, is considered to be an optimal way for disease management and clinical decision-making in the era of precision medicine. In this chapter, epigenetic-mediated genetics-lifestyle-environment interactions within specific diseases and different ethnic groups are systematically discussed, and data sources, computational models, and translational platforms for systems medicine research are sequentially presented. Moreover, feasible suggestions on precision healthcare and healthy longevity are kindly proposed based on the comprehensive review of current studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Lin
- Center for Systems Biology, Soochow University, No.1 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China
| | - Jiajia Chen
- School of Chemistry, Biology and Materials Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No.1 Kerui road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215011, China
| | - Bairong Shen
- Center for Systems Biology, Soochow University, No.1 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China. .,Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215163, China. .,Medical College of Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
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Breton CV, Yao J, Millstein J, Gao L, Siegmund KD, Mack W, Whitfield-Maxwell L, Lurmann F, Hodis H, Avol E, Gilliland FD. Prenatal Air Pollution Exposures, DNA Methyl Transferase Genotypes, and Associations with Newborn LINE1 and Alu Methylation and Childhood Blood Pressure and Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in the Children's Health Study. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2016; 124:1905-1912. [PMID: 27219456 PMCID: PMC5132634 DOI: 10.1289/ehp181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although exposure to ambient air pollutants increases cardiovascular disease risk in adults little is known about the effects of prenatal exposure. Genetic variation and epigenetic alterations are two mechanisms that may influence the effects of early-life exposures on cardiovascular phenotypes. OBJECTIVES We investigated whether genetic and epigenetic variation modify associations between prenatal air pollution on markers of cardiovascular risk in childhood. METHODS We used linear regression analysis to investigate the associations between prenatal pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, NO2, O3), long interspersed nuclear elements (LINE1) and AluYb8 DNA methylation levels measured in newborn blood spot tests, and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and blood pressure (BP) in 459 participants as part of the Children's Health Study. Interaction terms were also included to test for effect modification of these associations by genetic variation in methylation reprogramming genes. RESULTS Prenatal exposure to NO2 in the third trimester of pregnancy was associated with higher systolic BP in 11-year-old children. Prenatal exposure to multiple air pollutants in the first trimester was associated with lower DNA methylation in LINE1, whereas later exposure to O3 was associated with higher LINE1 methylation levels in newborn blood spots. The magnitude of associations with prenatal air pollution varied according to genotype for 11 SNPs within DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1), DNA methyltransferase 3 Beta (DNMT3B), Tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 2 (TET2), and Thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG) genes. Although first-trimester O3 exposure was not associated with CIMT and systolic BP overall, associations within strata of DNMT1 or DNMT3B were observed, and the magnitude and the direction of these associations depended on DNMT1 genotypes. CONCLUSIONS Genetic and epigenetic variation in DNA methylation reprogramming genes and in LINE1 retrotransposons may play important roles in downstream cardiovascular consequences of prenatal air pollution exposure. Citation: Breton CV, Yao J, Millstein J, Gao L, Siegmund KD, Mack W, Whitfield-Maxwell L, Lurmann F, Hodis H, Avol E, Gilliland FD. 2016. Prenatal air pollution exposures, DNA methyl transferase genotypes, and associations with newborn LINE1 and Alu methylation and childhood blood pressure and carotid intima-media thickness in the Children's Health Study. Environ Health Perspect 124:1905-1912; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/EHP181.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie V. Breton
- Department of Preventive Medicine, and
- Address correspondence to C.V. Breton, Department of Preventive Medicine, USC Keck School of Medicine, 2001 N. Soto St., Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Telephone: (323) 442-7383. E-mail:
| | - Jin Yao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, and
| | | | - Lu Gao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, and
| | | | - Wendy Mack
- Department of Preventive Medicine, and
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Lora Whitfield-Maxwell
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Fred Lurmann
- Sonoma Technology, Inc., Petaluma, California, USA
| | - Howard Hodis
- Department of Preventive Medicine, and
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ed Avol
- Department of Preventive Medicine, and
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Shen YS, Lung SCC. Can green structure reduce the mortality of cardiovascular diseases? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 566-567:1159-1167. [PMID: 27282496 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.05.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that green spaces are beneficial to health; however, few studies have analyzed the relationship between green structure and mortality of cardiovascular disease. Green structure may mediate the effects of air pollution and temperature on health. This work applies partial least squares (PLS) modeling to analyze the degree to which green structure reduces mortality of cardiovascular disease, using Taipei Metropolitan Area as an empirical case. In addition to clarifying the complex relationships and effects of green structure, air pollution, temperature, and mortality of cardiovascular disease, this study demonstrates that green structure has a significant influence on mortality of cardiovascular disease because it reduces the effects of air pollution and heat. The most crucial elements for planning a healthy living environment are the maximization of the largest green patch proportion and the minimization of green space fragmentation. Moreover, to enhance the benefits of greening city spaces on health, this work proposes several strategies for connecting fragmentary green spaces, expanding green patches to the largest possible proportion, and managing green spaces. The proposed strategies may serve as a reference for other metropolitan areas with features similar to those of the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Sheng Shen
- Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chun Candice Lung
- Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Atmospheric Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Environmental Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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69
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Su S, Jimenez MP, Roberts CTF, Loucks EB. The role of adverse childhood experiences in cardiovascular disease risk: a review with emphasis on plausible mechanisms. Curr Cardiol Rep 2016; 17:88. [PMID: 26289252 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-015-0645-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Childhood adversity, characterized by abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction, is a problem that exerts a significant impact on individuals, families, and society. Growing evidence suggests that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with health decline in adulthood, including cardiovascular disease (CVD). In the current review, we first provide an overview of the association between ACEs and CVD risk, with updates on the latest epidemiological evidence. Second, we briefly review plausible pathways by which ACEs could influence CVD risk, including traditional risk factors and novel mechanisms. Finally, we highlight the potential implications of ACEs in clinical and public health. Information gleaned from this review should help physicians and researchers in better understanding potential long-term consequences of ACEs and considering adapting current strategies in treatment or intervention for patients with ACEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyong Su
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, 1120 15th Street, HS 1721, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA,
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Barnes MD, Heaton TL, Goates MC, Packer JM. Intersystem Implications of the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease: Advancing Health Promotion in the 21st Century. Healthcare (Basel) 2016; 4:healthcare4030045. [PMID: 27417633 PMCID: PMC5041046 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare4030045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) theory and life course theory (LCT) are emerging fields of research that have significant implications for the public health and health promotion professions. Using a DOHaD/LCT perspective, social determinants of health (SDH) take on new critical meaning by which health promotion professionals can implement DOHaD/LCT guided interventions, including recommended policies. Through these interventions, public health could further address the sources of worldwide chronic disease epidemics and reduce such disease rates substantially if related policy, programs, and interdisciplinary and multi-sector collaboration are emphasized. Additional characteristics of the most effective interventions involve context-specific adaptation and societal structures that impact upstream, early life environments on a broad scale, influencing multiple locations and/or diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Barnes
- Department of Health Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.
| | - Thomas L Heaton
- Department of Health Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.
| | - Michael C Goates
- Harold B. Lee Library, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.
| | - Justin M Packer
- Department of Health Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.
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Twice weekly intake of farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) positively influences lipoprotein concentration and particle size in overweight men and women. Nutr Res 2016; 36:899-906. [PMID: 27632909 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2016.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The US Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend twice weekly fish intake. Farmed Atlantic salmon is a good source of omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids which have positive lipid modifying effects; however, it is unknown whether these responses are dose-dependent. Our primary research objective was to determine the effect of dose-dependent intake of farmed Atlantic salmon on lipoprotein particle (P) size and concentration. We hypothesized that low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-P and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-P size and concentration would increase with salmon intake in a dose-dependent manner. Overweight, adult participants (n = 19) were enrolled in a cross-over designed clinical trial evaluating intake of farmed Atlantic salmon. In random order, participants were assigned to 90, 180, or 270 g of salmon twice weekly for 4-week dietary treatments. Following a 4- to 8-week washout, participants crossed over to another dose of fish intake until all treatments were completed. Plasma lipid concentrations were determined and serum lipoprotein concentrations and particle size were determined by nuclear magnetic resonance. Intake of salmon reduced plasma and serum triglyceride (TG) concentrations and increased plasma HDL-C concentrations. The concentrations of large very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)-P and chylomicron (CM)-P were reduced. Large LDL-P concentrations were increased in a dose-dependent manner. The mean size of VLDL-P was reduced and that of LDL was increased. Total TG was reduced as was the TG content of VLDL-P and CM-P. Twice weekly intake of farmed Atlantic salmon portions influences lipoprotein particle size and concentration in a manner associated with cardiovascular disease risk reduction.
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Breton CV, Gao L, Yao J, Siegmund KD, Lurmann F, Gilliland F. Particulate matter, the newborn methylome, and cardio-respiratory health outcomes in childhood. ENVIRONMENTAL EPIGENETICS 2016; 2:dvw005. [PMID: 29492287 PMCID: PMC5804519 DOI: 10.1093/eep/dvw005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Ambient air pollution is associated with adverse health outcomes including cardio-respiratory diseases. Epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation may play a role in driving such associations. We investigated the effects of prenatal particulate matter (PM) exposure on DNA methylation of 178,309 promoter regions in 240 newborns using the Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip, using a generalized linear regression model with a quasi-binomial link family, adjusted for gender, plate, and cell types. PM-associated CpG loci were then investigated for their associations with childhood asthma, carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), and blood pressure (BP) using logistic or linear regression. Thirty-one loci were associated with either PM10 or PM2.5 using FDR-corrected p-values of less than 0.15. Two loci were evaluated for replication in a separate population of 280 Children's Health Study (CHS) subjects using Pyrosequencing, of which one successfully replicated (COLEC11 cg03579365). Three of the 31 loci were also associated with physician-diagnosed asthma at 6 years old, two were associated with CIMT and one with systolic BP at 10 years old. A higher methylation level in TM9SF2 (cg02015529) and UBE2S (cg00035623), respectively, was associated with a 2SD increase in prenatal PM and was also associated with 36% and 98% increased odds of asthma; whereas methylation of TDRD6 (cg22329831) was negatively associated with PM and a 24% decreased odds of asthma. Prenatal PM exposure was associated with altered DNA methylation in newborn blood in a small number of gene promoters, some of which were also associated with cardio-respiratory health outcomes later in childhood. Keywords: methylation, particulate matter, air pollution, asthma, cardiovascular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie V. Breton
- University of Southern California, Dept of Preventive Medicine, 2001 N Soto St, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- *Correspondence address: Carrie Breton, ScD., Department of Preventive Medicine, USC Keck School of Medicine, 2001 N. Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA. Tel: +1 (323) 442-7383; Fax: +1 (323) 442-3272; E-mail:
| | - Lu Gao
- University of Southern California, Dept of Preventive Medicine, 2001 N Soto St, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Jin Yao
- University of Southern California, Dept of Preventive Medicine, 2001 N Soto St, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Kimberly D. Siegmund
- University of Southern California, Dept of Preventive Medicine, 2001 N Soto St, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Fred Lurmann
- Sonoma Technology Inc, 1455 N. McDowell Blvd, Suite D, Petaluma, CA 94954-6503, USA
| | - Frank Gilliland
- University of Southern California, Dept of Preventive Medicine, 2001 N Soto St, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
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Askari G, Heidari-Beni M, Mansourian M, Esmaeil-Motlagh M, Kelishadi R. Interaction of lipoprotein lipase polymorphisms with body mass index and birth weight to modulate lipid profiles in children and adolescents: the CASPIAN-III Study. SAO PAULO MED J 2016; 134:121-9. [PMID: 26786614 PMCID: PMC10496545 DOI: 10.1590/1516-3180.2015.00792608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 04/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE Interactions between body mass index (BMI), birth weight and risk parameters may contribute to diseases rather than the individual effects of each factor. However this hypothesis needs to be confirmed. This study aimed to determine to what extent variants of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) might interact with birth weight or body weight in determining the lipid profile concentrations in children and adolescents. DESIGN AND SETTING Substudy of the third survey of a national surveillance system (CASPIAN-III Study) in Iran. METHODS Whole blood samples (kept frozen at -70 °C) were randomly selected from 750 students aged 10-18 years. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and high-resolution melt analysis were performed to assess S447X (rs328), HindIII (rs320) and D9N (rs1801177) polymorphisms. RESULTS The AG/GG genotype in D9N polymorphism was associated with higher LDL-C (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol) and lower HDL-C (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) concentration. Significant interactions were found for D9N polymorphism and birth weight in association with plasma HDL-C concentration, and also for D9N polymorphism and BMI in association with plasma triglyceride (TG) and HDL-C levels. HindIII polymorphism had significant association with birth weight for HDL-C concentration, and with BMI for TG and HDL-C levels. Significant interactions were found for S447X polymorphism and BMI in association with plasma TG and HDL-C concentrations. CONCLUSION We found significant interactive effects from LPL polymorphisms and birth weight on HDL-C concentration, and also effects from LPL polymorphisms and BMI on TG and HDL-C concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gholamreza Askari
- PhD. Assistant Professor, Discipline of Nutrition, Food Security Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Motahar Heidari-Beni
- Doctoral Student, Discipline of Nutrition, Food Security Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Marjan Mansourian
- PhD. Assistant Professor, Discipline of Biostatistics, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Esmaeil-Motlagh
- MD. Professor of Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Roya Kelishadi
- MD. Professor of Pediatrics, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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Breton CV, Mack WJ, Yao J, Berhane K, Amadeus M, Lurmann F, Gilliland F, McConnell R, Hodis HN, Künzli N, Avol E. Prenatal Air Pollution Exposure and Early Cardiovascular Phenotypes in Young Adults. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150825. [PMID: 26950592 PMCID: PMC4780745 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to ambient air pollutants increases risk for adverse cardiovascular health outcomes in adults. We aimed to evaluate the contribution of prenatal air pollutant exposure to cardiovascular health, which has not been thoroughly evaluated. The Testing Responses on Youth (TROY) study consists of 768 college students recruited from the University of Southern California in 2007–2009. Participants attended one study visit during which blood pressure, heart rate and carotid artery arterial stiffness (CAS) and carotid artery intima-media thickness (CIMT) were assessed. Prenatal residential addresses were geocoded and used to assign prenatal and postnatal air pollutant exposure estimates using the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Air Quality System (AQS) database. The associations between CAS, CIMT and air pollutants were assessed using linear regression analysis. Prenatal PM10 and PM2.5 exposures were associated with increased CAS. For example, a 2 SD increase in prenatal PM2.5 was associated with CAS indices, including a 5% increase (β = 1.05, 95% CI 1.00–1.10) in carotid stiffness index beta, a 5% increase (β = 1.05, 95% CI 1.01–1.10) in Young’s elastic modulus and a 5% decrease (β = 0.95, 95% CI 0.91–0.99) in distensibility. Mutually adjusted models of pre- and postnatal PM2.5 further suggested the prenatal exposure was most relevant exposure period for CAS. No associations were observed for CIMT. In conclusion, prenatal exposure to elevated air pollutants may increase carotid arterial stiffness in a young adult population of college students. Efforts aimed at limiting prenatal exposures are important public health goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie V Breton
- University of Southern California, Dept of Preventive Medicine, 2001 N Soto St., Los Angeles, California, 90089, United States of America
| | - Wendy J Mack
- University of Southern California, Dept of Preventive Medicine, 2001 N Soto St., Los Angeles, California, 90089, United States of America.,University of Southern California, Atherosclerosis Research Unit, 2250 Alcazar Street, CSC 132, Los Angeles, California, 90033, United States of America
| | - Jin Yao
- University of Southern California, Dept of Preventive Medicine, 2001 N Soto St., Los Angeles, California, 90089, United States of America
| | - Kiros Berhane
- University of Southern California, Dept of Preventive Medicine, 2001 N Soto St., Los Angeles, California, 90089, United States of America
| | - Milena Amadeus
- University of Southern California, Dept of Preventive Medicine, 2001 N Soto St., Los Angeles, California, 90089, United States of America
| | - Fred Lurmann
- Sonoma Technology Inc., 1455 N. McDowell Blvd., Suite D, Petaluma, California, 94954-6503, United States of America
| | - Frank Gilliland
- University of Southern California, Dept of Preventive Medicine, 2001 N Soto St., Los Angeles, California, 90089, United States of America
| | - Rob McConnell
- University of Southern California, Dept of Preventive Medicine, 2001 N Soto St., Los Angeles, California, 90089, United States of America
| | - Howard N Hodis
- University of Southern California, Dept of Preventive Medicine, 2001 N Soto St., Los Angeles, California, 90089, United States of America.,University of Southern California, Atherosclerosis Research Unit, 2250 Alcazar Street, CSC 132, Los Angeles, California, 90033, United States of America
| | - Nino Künzli
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstr. 57, P.O. Box, 4002 Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Petersplatz 1 CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ed Avol
- University of Southern California, Dept of Preventive Medicine, 2001 N Soto St., Los Angeles, California, 90089, United States of America
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Poudyal H. Mechanisms for the cardiovascular effects of glucagon-like peptide-1. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2016; 216:277-313. [PMID: 26384481 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 07/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Over the past three decades, at least 10 hormones secreted by the enteroendocrine cells have been discovered, which directly affect the cardiovascular system through their innate receptors expressed in the heart and blood vessels or through a neural mechanism. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), an important incretin, is perhaps best studied of these gut-derived hormones with important cardiovascular effects. In this review, I have discussed the mechanism of GLP-1 release from the enteroendocrine L-cells and its physiological effects on the cardiovascular system. Current evidence suggests that GLP-1 has positive inotropic and chronotropic effects on the heart and may be important in preserving left ventricular structure and function by direct and indirect mechanisms. The direct effects of GLP-1 in the heart may be mediated through GLP-1R expressed in atria as well as arteries and arterioles in the left ventricle and mainly involve in the activation of multiple pro-survival kinases and enhanced energy utilization. There is also good evidence to support the involvement of a second, yet to be identified, GLP-1 receptor. Further, GLP-1(9-36)amide, which was previously thought to be the inactive metabolite of the active GLP-1(7-36)amide, may also have direct cardioprotective effects. GLP-1's action on GLP-1R expressed in the central nervous system, kidney, vasculature and the pancreas may indirectly contribute to its cardioprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Poudyal
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition; Graduate School of Medicine and Hakubi Centre for Advanced Research; Kyoto University; Kyoto Japan
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Kelishadi R, Qorbani M, Motlagh ME, Heshmat R, Ardalan G, Bahreynian M. Association of eating frequency with anthropometric indices and blood pressure in children and adolescents: the CASPIAN-IV Study. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2016; 92:156-67. [PMID: 26804012 DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2015.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study was conducted to explore the association of eating frequency (EF) with anthropometric indices and blood pressure (BP) in children and adolescents. METHODS This nationwide cross-sectional study was performed on a multi-stage sample of 14,880 students, aged 6-18 years, living in 30 provinces in Iran. Parents were asked to report dietary intake of children as frequency of food groups and/or items. EF was defined as the sum of the daily consumption frequency of main meals and snacks. Association of EF with weight disorders, abdominal obesity, and elevated BP was assessed using different logistic regression models adjusted for potential confounding factors. RESULTS Eating more frequently (≥ 6 vs. ≤ 3) was found among students who were at younger age (11.91 vs. 13.29 years) (p<0.001). Students who reported an EF of 4 (OR: 0.67, CI: 0.57-0.79), 5 (OR: 0.74, CI: 0.62-0.87), and 6 (OR: 0.54, CI: 0.44-0.65) had lower odds of being obese compared to those who had EF ≤ 3. Having EF of 4 (OR: 0.82, CI: 0.71-0.94), 5 (OR: 0.86, CI: 0.74-0.99), and ≥ 6 (OR: 0.73, CI: 0.63-0.85) was related to lower prevalence of abdominal adiposity. CONCLUSION Higher EF was associated with lower mean values of anthropometric and BP measures, as well as with lower prevalence of generalized and abdominal obesity in children and adolescents. Longitudinal studies are needed to assess the long-term effects of EF on body composition in the pediatric age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roya Kelishadi
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Department of Community Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran; Department of Epidemiology, Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ramin Heshmat
- Department of Epidemiology, Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gelayol Ardalan
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Bahreynian
- Department of Nutrition, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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Kelishadi R, Qorbani M, Motlagh ME, Heshmat R, Ardalan G, Bahreynian M. Association of eating frequency with anthropometric indices and blood pressure in children and adolescents: the CASPIAN‐IV Study. JORNAL DE PEDIATRIA (VERSÃO EM PORTUGUÊS) 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedp.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Iñiguez C, Esplugues A, Sunyer J, Basterrechea M, Fernández-Somoano A, Costa O, Estarlich M, Aguilera I, Lertxundi A, Tardón A, Guxens M, Murcia M, Lopez-Espinosa MJ, Ballester F. Prenatal Exposure to NO2 and Ultrasound Measures of Fetal Growth in the Spanish INMA Cohort. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2016; 124:235-42. [PMID: 26115483 PMCID: PMC4749079 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1409423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Air pollution exposure during pregnancy has been associated with impaired fetal growth. However, few studies have measured fetal biometry longitudinally, remaining unclear as to whether there are windows of special vulnerability. OBJECTIVE The aim was to investigate the impact of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) exposure on fetal and neonatal biometry in the Spanish INMA study. METHODS Biparietal diameter (BPD), femur length (FL), abdominal circumference (AC), and estimated fetal weight (EFW) were evaluated for up to 2,478 fetuses in each trimester of pregnancy. Size at 12, 20, and 34 weeks of gestation and growth between these points, as well as anthropometry at birth, were assessed by SD scores derived using cohort-specific growth curves. Temporally adjusted land-use regression was used to estimate exposure to NO2 at home addresses for up to 2,415 fetuses. Associations were investigated by linear regression in each cohort and subsequent meta-analysis. RESULTS A 10-μg/m(3) increase in average exposure to NO2 during weeks 0-12 was associated with reduced growth at weeks 0-12 in AC (-2.1%; 95% CI: -3.7, -0.6) and EFW (-1.6%; 95% CI: -3.0, -0.3). The same exposure was inversely associated with reduced growth at weeks 20-34 in BPD (-2.6%; 95% CI: -3.9, -1.2), AC (-1.8%; 95% CI: -3.3, -0.2), and EFW (-2.1%; 95% CI: -3.7, -0.2). A less consistent pattern of association was observed for FL. The negative association of this exposure with BPD and EFW was significantly stronger in smoking versus nonsmoking mothers. CONCLUSIONS Maternal exposure to NO2 in early pregnancy was associated with reduced fetal growth based on ultrasound measures of growth during pregnancy and measures of size at birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Iñiguez
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO–Universitat Jaume I–Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Address correspondence to C. Iñiguez, FISABIO, Avda, Cataluña No. 21, 46020 Valencia (Spain). Telephone: (34) 961925953. E-mail:
| | - Ana Esplugues
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO–Universitat Jaume I–Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Sunyer
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
- Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mikel Basterrechea
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Public Health Division, Basque Government, Spain
- Health Research Institute, Biodonostia, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Ana Fernández-Somoano
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Olga Costa
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO–Universitat Jaume I–Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marisa Estarlich
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO–Universitat Jaume I–Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Aguilera
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Aitana Lertxundi
- Public Health Division, Basque Government, Spain
- University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Adonina Tardón
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Mònica Guxens
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
- Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Centre–Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mario Murcia
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO–Universitat Jaume I–Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria-Jose Lopez-Espinosa
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO–Universitat Jaume I–Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ferran Ballester
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO–Universitat Jaume I–Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
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Pharmacological Therapy in the Heart as an Alternative to Cellular Therapy: A Place for the Brain Natriuretic Peptide? Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:5961342. [PMID: 26880973 PMCID: PMC4735943 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5961342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery that stem cells isolated from different organs have the ability to differentiate into mature beating cardiomyocytes has fostered considerable interest in developing cellular regenerative therapies to treat cardiac diseases associated with the loss of viable myocardium. Clinical studies evaluating the potential of stem cells (from heart, blood, bone marrow, skeletal muscle, and fat) to regenerate the myocardium and improve its functional status indicated that although the method appeared generally safe, its overall efficacy has remained modest. Several issues raised by these studies were notably related to the nature and number of injected cells, as well as the route and timing of their administration, to cite only a few. Besides the direct administration of cardiac precursor cells, a distinct approach to cardiac regeneration could be based upon the stimulation of the heart's natural ability to regenerate, using pharmacological approaches. Indeed, differentiation and/or proliferation of cardiac precursor cells is controlled by various endogenous mediators, such as growth factors and cytokines, which could thus be used as pharmacological agents to promote regeneration. To illustrate such approach, we present recent results showing that the exogenous administration of the natriuretic peptide BNP triggers “endogenous” cardiac regeneration, following experimental myocardial infarction.
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80
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Capitalizing on natural experiments in low- to middle-income countries to explore epigenetic contributions to disease risk in migrant populations. Glob Health Epidemiol Genom 2016; 1:e3. [PMID: 29868197 PMCID: PMC5870417 DOI: 10.1017/gheg.2015.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
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81
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Abstract
Tobacco use and second-hand smoke exposure during pregnancy are linked to a host of deleterious effects on the pregnancy, fetus, and infant. Health outcomes improve when women quit smoking at any time during the pregnancy. However, the developing heart is vulnerable to noxious stimuli in the early weeks of fetal development, a time when many women are not aware of being pregnant. Congenital heart defects are the most common birth defects. Research shows an association between maternal tobacco exposure, both active and passive, and congenital heart defects. This article presents recent evidence supporting the association between intrauterine cigarette smoke exposure in the periconceptional period and congenital heart defects and discusses clinical implications for practice for perinatal and neonatal nurses.
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82
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Abstract
To prevent the intergenerational transfer of obesity and end the current epidemic, interventions are needed across the early life stages, from preconception to prenatal to infancy through the age of 2 years. The foundation for obesity is laid in early life by actions and interactions passed from parent to child that have long-lasting biologic and behavioral consequences. The purpose of this paper is to examine the best evidence about (a) factors in parents and offspring that promote obesity during the early life stages, (b) the social determinants and dimensions of obesity in early life, (c) promising and effective interventions for preventing obesity in early life, and (d) opportunities for future research into strategies to disrupt the intergenerational cycle of obesity that begins early in life. The pathway for halting the intergenerational obesity epidemic requires the discovery and development of evidence-based interventions that can act across multiple dimensions of influence on early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debra Haire-Joshu
- Public Health and Medicine, Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130;
| | - Rachel Tabak
- Prevention Research Center, Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130;
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83
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Okoli CTC, Rayens MK, Wiggins AT, Ickes MJ, Butler KM, Hahn EJ. Secondhand tobacco smoke exposure and susceptibility to smoking, perceived addiction, and psychobehavioral symptoms among college students. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2016; 64:96-103. [PMID: 26503903 PMCID: PMC5523056 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2015.1074240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the association of secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure with susceptibility to smoking, perceived addiction, and psychobehavioral effects of exposure among never- and ever-smoking college students. PARTICIPANTS Participants were 665 college students at a large, southeastern university in the United States. METHODS This study is a secondary analysis of online cross-sectional survey data from randomly selected students in April 2013. RESULTS Thirty-eight percent of the sample had moderate to high SHS exposure. Among never-smokers, SHS exposure was associated with increased susceptibility to initiating smoking. Among ever-smokers, SHS exposure was not associated with their perceived addiction to tobacco. In the total sample, SHS exposure was associated with greater psychobehavioral symptoms of exposure. CONCLUSIONS SHS exposure may the increase risk of smoking, especially among never-smoking college students. This study strengthens the need for prevention strategies that limit SHS exposure in college environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mary Kay Rayens
- a University of Kentucky College of Nursing Lexington , Kentucky
| | - Amanda T Wiggins
- a University of Kentucky College of Nursing Lexington , Kentucky
| | - Melinda J Ickes
- b University of Kentucky College of Education Lexington , Kentucky
| | - Karen M Butler
- a University of Kentucky College of Nursing Lexington , Kentucky
| | - Ellen J Hahn
- a University of Kentucky College of Nursing Lexington , Kentucky
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Sadeghi M, Ahmadi A, Baradaran A, Masoudipoor N, Frouzandeh S. Modeling of the relationship between the environmental air pollution, clinical risk factors, and hospital mortality due to myocardial infarction in Isfahan, Iran. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES 2015; 20:757-62. [PMID: 26664423 PMCID: PMC4652309 DOI: 10.4103/1735-1995.168382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to determine the relationship between the environmental factor, clinical risk factors, and individual variables with mortality due to acute myocardial infarction (MI) in Isfahan. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed between April 2012 and March 2013. The data on the patients’ mortality due to MI in Isfahan were obtained from the MI National Registry. The international classification system (ICD10: I21-I22) was used to diagnose MI. The air quality indicators and environmental variables were used to measure the air pollution. Multilevel logistic regression in the Stata software was used to determine the factors associated with mortality in patients and odds ratios (ORs) were calculated. Results: Six hundred eleven patients with MI were studied during 1-year. 444 (72.2%) patients were male and the rest were female. 4.7% of the patients died due to MI. The mean age at MI incidence was 62.2 ± 13 years. Of the air pollution parameters, PM10 had the maximum mean concentration (49.113 ppm), followed by NOX, NO, NO2, CO, SO2, and O3. The adjusted OR of mortality was derived 2.07 (95% CI: 1.5-2.85) for right bundle branch block, 1.5 (95% CI: 1.3-1.7) for ST-segment elevation MI, 1.84 (95% CI: 1.13-3) for age, 1.06 (95% CI: 1.01-1.20) for CO, 1.1 (95% CI: 1.03-1.30) for O3, and 1.04 (95% CI: 1.01-1.4) for SO2, all of which were considered as the risk factors of mortality. However, OR of mortality was 0.79 for precipitation (95% CI: 0.74-0.84) and 0.52 for angioplasty (95% CI: 0.4-0.68) were considered as protective factors of mortality. The individual characteristics including age, history of MI in the immediate family, hypertension, and diabetes were significantly associated with mortality from MI. The indices of air pollution including SO2, CO, O3, and environmental factors such as the precipitation and temperature were the determinants of mortality in patients with MI. Conclusion: With regards to the factors associated with mortality from MI reported in this study, air pollution and environmental factors, in addition to the risk factors and predictive factors, should be particularly addressed to control the mortality from MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehraban Sadeghi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Ali Ahmadi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health, Modeling in Health Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Azar Baradaran
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Neda Masoudipoor
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Soleiman Frouzandeh
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
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85
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Mordovsky EA, Soloviev AG, Sannikov AL. [Alcohol anamnesis and a death place factor: Role in mortality rates due to leading cardiovascular diseases]. TERAPEVT ARKH 2015; 87:26-33. [PMID: 26591549 DOI: 10.17116/terarkh201587926-33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM To reveal the specific features of marital status and educational level in people who have died of leading circulatory diseases (CDs) in Arkhangelsk in relation to the place of death, alcohol anamnesis, and demographic characteristics (gender, life span). Materials and methods. Data on the diagnosed underlying cause of death, marital status, educational level, and place of death were copied from 4137 medical death certificates (form 106/y-08) of all those who had died in Arkhangelsk in 1 July to 30 June 2012. Data on patients registered at a psychoneurology dispensary as having a diagnosis of alcohol-induced mental and behavioral disorders (F10) were copied. The data were statistically processed using the procedures of binary and multinomial logistic regression analysis. RESULTS A total of 2101 people (50.8% of the total number of deaths) died of CDs (ICD-10 Class IX) in the study period. Male sex and a compromised alcohol anamnesis were associated with untimely death (less than 60 years of age) from acute conditions in ICD-10 Class IX. Male sex, a compromised alcohol anamnesis, and negative characteristics of marital and educational statuses were related to untimely death from chronic conditions in ICD-10 Class IX. Single people having a lower educational level and a compromised alcohol anamnesis statistically more frequently died of CDs outside a health care facility. CONCLUSION The results of the investigation suggest that there is inequality in the excess risk of death from leading CDs among the representatives of different social population groups in Arkhangelsk, as well as nonequivalence in their interaction with the public health system.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Mordovsky
- Northern State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - A G Soloviev
- Northern State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - A L Sannikov
- Northern State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Saint Petersburg, Russia
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Identification of genetic factors that modify motor performance and body weight using Collaborative Cross mice. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16247. [PMID: 26548763 PMCID: PMC4637864 DOI: 10.1038/srep16247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence has emerged that suggests a link between motor deficits, obesity and many neurological disorders. However, the contributing genetic risk factors are poorly understood. Here we used the Collaborative Cross (CC), a large panel of newly inbred mice that captures 90% of the known variation among laboratory mice, to identify the genetic loci controlling rotarod performance and its relationship with body weight in a cohort of 365 mice across 16 CC strains. Body weight and rotarod performance varied widely across CC strains and were significantly negatively correlated. Genetic linkage analysis identified 14 loci that were associated with body weight. However, 45 loci affected rotarod performance, seven of which were also associated with body weight, suggesting a strong link at the genetic level. Lastly, we show that genes identified in this study overlap significantly with those related to neurological disorders and obesity found in human GWA studies. In conclusion, our results provide a genetic framework for studies of the connection between body weight, the central nervous system and behavior.
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Abstract
In recent decades, with advances in neonatal intensive care, extremely premature infants are now surviving into adulthood. Epidemiologic data on the health of these ex-premature infants have begun to reveal a concerning motif-that is, prematurity, in and of itself, seems to be a risk factor for cardiovascular and metabolic disease in later adulthood. The mechanisms underlying this increased risk are unclear, but it is believed that both adverse fetal environment and postnatal exposures for a premature infant likely contribute to the developmental programming of disease by altering the normal trajectory of maturation and aging of multiple organ systems. This article specifically focuses on perinatal factors that may affect risk for cardiovascular disease.
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88
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Zheng P, Yang T, Ju L, Jiang B, Lou Y. Epigenetics in Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease: A study of global DNA methylation. J Int Med Res 2015; 43:758-64. [PMID: 26443715 DOI: 10.1177/0300060515591062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the global methylation status of DNA in blood cells of children with Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease (LCPD), since the aetiopathogenesis of LCPD remains unclear, and many factors closely associated with DNA methylation may be linked to the occurrence of LCPD. METHODS Children with LCPD and age-, sex- and body mass index-matched controls were evaluated. Methylation levels of the long interspersed nuclear element 1 (LINE-1), a biomarker of global DNA methylation, were quantified by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Of 82 children with LCPD (68 male/14 female) and 120 matched controls (98 male/22 female), methylation of the LINE-1 promoter was significantly lower in patients with LCPD compared with controls. Subgroup analyses showed that methylation of the LINE-1 promoter was significantly lower in male patients with LCPD compared with male controls. No significant between-group differences were observed in female participants. CONCLUSIONS Reduced global DNA methylation may be associated with increased risk of LCPD in male children. Further research is required to understand whether detection of global DNA methylation may provide a basis for clinical diagnosis and early intervention of LCPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Zheng
- Department of Paediatric Orthopaedics, Nanjing Children's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, People's Hospital of Jingjiang, Jingjiang, China
| | - Li Ju
- Department of Paediatric Orthopaedics, Nanjing Children's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Department of Paediatric Orthopaedics, Nanjing Children's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Lou
- Department of Paediatric Orthopaedics, Nanjing Children's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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89
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Mitochondria are structurally and biochemically diverse, even within a single type of cell. Protein complexes localized to the inner mitochondrial membrane synthesize ATP by coupling electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation. The organelles produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) from mitochondrial oxygen and ROS can, in turn, alter the function and expression of proteins used for aerobic respiration by post-translational and transcriptional regulation. RECENT ADVANCES New interest is emerging not only into the roles of mitochondria in disease development and progression but also as a target for environmental toxicants. CRITICAL ISSUES Dysregulation of respiration has been linked to cell death and is a major contributor to acute neuronal trauma, peripheral diseases, as well as chronic neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Here, we discuss the mechanisms underlying the sensitivity of the mitochondrial respiratory complexes to redox modulation, as well as examine the effects of environmental contaminants that have well-characterized mitochondrial toxicity. The contaminants discussed in this review are some of the most prevalent and potent environmental contaminants that have been linked to neurological dysfunction, altered cellular respiration, and oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel W Caito
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine , Bronx, New York
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine , Bronx, New York
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90
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Early life obesity and chronic kidney disease in later life. Pediatr Nephrol 2015; 30:1255-63. [PMID: 25145270 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-014-2922-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) has increased considerably with a parallel rise in the prevalence of obesity. It is now recognized that early life nutrition has life-long effects on the susceptibility of an individual to develop obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease and CKD. The kidney can be programmed by a number of intrauterine and neonatal insults. Low birth weight (LBW) is one of the most identifiable markers of a suboptimal prenatal environment, and the important intrarenal factors sensitive to programming events include decreased nephron number and altered control of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). LBW complicated by accelerated catch-up growth is associated with an increased risk of obesity, hypertension and CKD in later life. High birth weight and exposure to maternal diabetes or obesity can enhance the risk for developing CKD in later life. Rapid postnatal growth per se may also contribute to the subsequent development of obesity and CKD regardless of birth weight and prenatal nutrition. Although the mechanisms of renal risks due to early life nutritional programming remain largely unknown, experimental and clinical studies suggest the burdening role of early life obesity in longstanding cardiovascular and renal diseases.
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91
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Trajectories and Predictors of Health-Related Quality of Life during Childhood. J Pediatr 2015; 167:422-7. [PMID: 26044766 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2015.04.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify distinct trajectories of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) during childhood, along with their predictors. STUDY DESIGN A nationally representative sample of 2700 children aged 4-5 years at baseline was followed up every 24 months through to age 12-13 years. Parents reported the children's HRQOL and data on potential predictors at each wave (5 in total) as part of the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children. RESULTS Growth mixture modeling identified 5 distinct trajectories of HRQOL during childhood. Eighty-five percent of children had consistently high levels of HRQOL from age 4-5 years to 12-13 years (healthy); 8% of children had a significant and continuous decrease in HRQOL over time (high risk); and a further 5.3% of children had decreases in HRQOL from age 4-5 years to 8-9 years, followed by increases through to 12-13 years (rebound). Finally, a small percentage (1.6%) of children had extremely low levels of HRQOL at age 4-5 years that increased over time (recovery). Maternal smoking, lower household income, living in a non-English speaking household, and nonparticipation in organized sports were predictive of poorer HRQOL trajectories when compared with children in the healthy trajectory. CONCLUSION There are distinct trajectories of HRQOL during childhood. Most children (85%) have a healthy, stable pattern, but the remaining children have trajectories indicative of poor HRQOL. Participation in sports, maternal smoking, lower family income, and language spoken at home distinguish among these trajectories. Of these, participation in organized sports has received relatively little attention as a preventative health priority.
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92
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Shay CM, Gooding HS, Murillo R, Foraker R. Understanding and Improving Cardiovascular Health: An Update on the American Heart Association's Concept of Cardiovascular Health. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2015; 58:41-9. [PMID: 25958016 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The American Heart Association's 2020 Strategic Impact Goal is "By 2020, to improve the cardiovascular health of all Americans by 20% while reducing deaths from cardiovascular diseases and stroke by 20%." To monitor progress towards this goal, a new construct "ideal cardiovascular health" (iCVH) was defined that includes the simultaneous presence of optimal levels of seven health behaviors (physical activity, smoking, dietary intake, and body mass index) and factors (total cholesterol, blood pressure and fasting blood glucose). In this review, we present a summary of major concepts related to the concept of iCVH and an update of the literature in this area since publication of the 2020 Strategic Impact Goal, including trends in iCVH prevalence, new determinants and outcomes related to iCVH, strategies for maintaining or improving iCVH, policy implications of the iCVH model, and the remaining challenges to reaching the 2020 Strategic Impact Goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M Shay
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Holly S Gooding
- Division of Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rosenda Murillo
- Department of Psychological, Health and Learning Sciences, College of Education, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Randi Foraker
- Division of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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93
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Roberts VHJ, Frias AE, Grove KL. Impact of maternal obesity on fetal programming of cardiovascular disease. Physiology (Bethesda) 2015; 30:224-31. [PMID: 25933822 PMCID: PMC4422977 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00021.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The in utero environment is a key determinant of long-term health outcomes; poor maternal metabolic state and placental insufficiency are strongly associated with these long-term health risks. Human epidemiological studies link maternal obesity and offspring cardiovascular disease in later life, but mechanistic studies in animal models are limited. Here, we review the literature pertaining to maternal consequences of obesity during pregnancy and the subsequent impact on fetal cardiovascular development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria H J Roberts
- Division of Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon; and
| | - Antonio E Frias
- Division of Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon; and Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Kevin L Grove
- Division of Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon; and
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94
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Kelishadi R, Haghdoost AA, Jamshidi F, Aliramezany M, Moosazadeh M. Low birthweight or rapid catch-up growth: which is more associated with cardiovascular disease and its risk factors in later life? A systematic review and cryptanalysis. Paediatr Int Child Health 2015; 35:110-23. [PMID: 25034799 DOI: 10.1179/2046905514y.0000000136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of birthweight (the Barker hypothesis) and growth trajectory in early life on the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its risk factors in later life have been investigated in a number of studies. OBJECTIVE To undertake a systematic review and cryptanalysis of the association of low birthweight (LBW) and the postnatal growth trajectory with CVD and its risk factors. METHODS English-language publications in PubMed, ISI Web of Science and Scopus were searched. Initially, two independent reviewers identified relevant papers in several steps and the quality of papers was then determined by a validated quality-appraisal checklist. RESULTS By applying maximum sensitivity, 7259 paper were identified, 382 of which were duplicates and 1273 were considered to be relevant to the topic. Then, after title and abstract review, 628 irrelevant papers were excluded; 26 papers were added after reference-checking. Then, 250 other papers were deleted after full text review. Finally, 39 relevant papers remained and were entered into the systematic review. Overall, 79·6% of all CVD risk factors reported in primary studies of the rapid catch-up growth hypothesis were statistically significant, whereas the corresponding figure was 58·5% for the effects of LBW (Barker hypothesis). CONCLUSIONS This systematic review highlights the importance of low birthweight in increasing the risk of CVD and its risk factors in later life. The results support rapid postnatal catch-up growth of LBW neonates as a more important factor than LBW alone in CVD and its risk factors.
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95
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Peykari N, Djalalinia S, Qorbani M, Sobhani S, Farzadfar F, Larijani B. Socioeconomic inequalities and diabetes: A systematic review from Iran. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2015; 14:8. [PMID: 25806357 PMCID: PMC4372329 DOI: 10.1186/s40200-015-0135-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Socioeconomic factor is a determinant of health may contribute to diabetes. We conducted a systematic review to summarizing evidences on associations between socioeconomic factors and diabetes in Iranian population. We systematically searched international databeses; ISI, PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and national databases Iranmedex, Irandoc, and Scientific Information Database (SID) to retrieve relevant articles to socioeconomic factors and diabetes without limitation on time. All identified articles were screened, quality assessed and data extracted by two authors independently. From 74 retrieved articles, 15 cases were relevant. We found increased diabetes prevalence among female sex, over 50 years' old age, illiterate population, retired status, unemployed, urban residents, and low economic status. There was a negative association between social capital and diabetes control. Diabetes complications were more frequent in upper age group, higher education levels and low income populations. Socioeconomic factors were associated with diabetes that leads to inequality. Improving modifiable factors through priority based interventions helps to diabetes prevention and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloofar Peykari
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 4th floor, No 4, Ostad Nejatollahi St, Enqelab Ave, Tehran, Iran.,Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 5th floor, Shariati Hospital, Kargar St, Tehran, Iran.,Development of Research & Technology Center, Deputy of Research and Technology, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirin Djalalinia
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 4th floor, No 4, Ostad Nejatollahi St, Enqelab Ave, Tehran, Iran.,Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 5th floor, Shariati Hospital, Kargar St, Tehran, Iran.,Development of Research & Technology Center, Deputy of Research and Technology, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- School of Medicine, Community Medicine Department, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Sahar Sobhani
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 4th floor, No 4, Ostad Nejatollahi St, Enqelab Ave, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshad Farzadfar
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 4th floor, No 4, Ostad Nejatollahi St, Enqelab Ave, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 5th floor, Shariati Hospital, Kargar St, Tehran, Iran
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96
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Murray R, Godfrey KM, Lillycrop KA. The Early Life Origins of Cardiovascular Disease. CURRENT CARDIOVASCULAR RISK REPORTS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12170-015-0442-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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97
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Ali O, Cerjak D, Kent JW, James R, Blangero J, Carless MA, Zhang Y. An epigenetic map of age-associated autosomal loci in northern European families at high risk for the metabolic syndrome. Clin Epigenetics 2015; 7:12. [PMID: 25806089 PMCID: PMC4372177 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-015-0048-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of chronic diseases such as cancer, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome (MetS), and cardiovascular disease increases with age in all populations. Epigenetic features are hypothesized to play important roles in the pathophysiology of age-associated diseases, but a map of these markers is lacking. We searched for genome-wide age-associated methylation signatures in peripheral blood of individuals at high risks for MetS by profiling 485,000 CpG sites in 192 individuals of Northern European ancestry using the Illumina HM450 array. Subjects (ages 6-85 years) were part of seven extended families, and 73% of adults and 32% of children were overweight or obese. RESULTS We found 22,122 genome-wide significant age-associated CpG sites (P α=0.05 = 3.65 × 10(-7) after correction for multiple testing) of which 14,155 are positively associated with age while 7,967 are negatively associated. By applying a positional density-based clustering algorithm, we generated a map of epigenetic 'hot-spots' of age-associated genomic segments, which include 290 age-associated differentially methylated CpG clusters (aDMCs), of which 207 are positively associated with age. Gene/pathway enrichment analyses were performed on these clusters using FatiGO. Genes localized to both the positively (n = 241) and negatively (n = 16) age-associated clusters are significantly enriched in specific KEGG pathways and GO terms. The most significantly enriched pathways are the hedgehog signaling pathway (adjusted P = 3.96 × 10(-3)) and maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) (adjusted P = 6.26 × 10(-3)) in the positive aDMCs and type I diabetes mellitus (adjusted P = 3.69 × 10(-7)) in the negative aDMCs. We also identified several epigenetic loci whose age-associated change rates differ between subjects diagnosed with MetS and those without. CONCLUSION We conclude that in a family cohort at high risk for MetS, age-associated epigenetic features enrich in biological pathways important for determining the fate of fat cells and for insulin production. We also observe that several genes known to be related to MetS show differential epigenetic response to age in individuals with and without MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Ali
- />Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin USA
| | - Diana Cerjak
- />TOPS Obesity and Metabolic Research Center, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin USA
- />Human and Molecular Genetics Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, Wisconsin USA
| | - Jack W Kent
- />Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas USA
| | - Roland James
- />TOPS Obesity and Metabolic Research Center, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin USA
- />Human and Molecular Genetics Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, Wisconsin USA
| | - John Blangero
- />Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas USA
| | - Melanie A Carless
- />Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- />TOPS Obesity and Metabolic Research Center, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin USA
- />Human and Molecular Genetics Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, Wisconsin USA
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98
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Khademian M, Farhangpajouh N, Shahsanaee A, Bahreynian M, Mirshamsi M, Kelishadi R. Effects of zinc supplementation on subscales of anorexia in children: A randomized controlled trial. Pak J Med Sci 2015; 30:1213-7. [PMID: 25674110 PMCID: PMC4320702 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.306.6377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: This study aims to assess the effects of zinc supplementation on improving the appetite and its subscales in children. Methods: This study was conducted in 2013 in Isfahan, Iran. It had two phases. At the first step, after validation of the Child Eating Behaviour Questionaire (CEBQ), it was completed for 300 preschool children, who were randomly selected. The second phase was conducted as a randomized controlled trial. Eighty of these children were randomly selected, and were randomly assigned to two groups of equal number receiving zinc (10 mg/day) or placebo for 12 weeks. Results: Overall 77 children completed the trial (39 in the case and 3 in the control group).The results showed that zinc supplement can improve calorie intake in children by affecting some CEBQ subscales like Emotional over Eating and Food Responsible. Conclusion: Zinc supplementation had positive impact in promoting the calorie intake and some subscales of anorexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Khademian
- Majid Khademian, Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Neda Farhangpajouh
- Neda Farhangpajouh, Resident of Pediatrics, Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Armindokht Shahsanaee
- Armindokht Shahsanai, Specialist in Community Medicine, Pediatrics Department, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Bahreynian
- Maryam Bahreynian, MSc (Nutrition), Nutrition Department, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehran Mirshamsi
- Mehran Mirshamsi, MD, Pediatrics Department, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Roya Kelishadi
- Roya Kelishadi, Professor of Pediatrics, Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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99
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White MJ, Eren F, Ağırbaşlı D, Chen J, Hu T, Moore JH, Williams SM, Ağırbaşlı M. A systems genetics approach to dyslipidemia in children and adolescents. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2015; 19:248-59. [PMID: 25671407 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2014.0140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Elevated triglycerides (TG) or low high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels are common cardiometabolic risk factors in children. From a systems genetics standpoint, Visualization of Statistical Epistasis Networks (ViSEN) is a nonparametric entropy-based method that can characterize the global structure of interacting genetic factors. We identified a novel set of connected genetic and cardiometabolic risk factors with strong and significant interaction effects on two important dyslipidemia phenotypes (low HDL-C and high TG) in children and adolescents. Study participants were recruited from five schools in Istanbul, Turkey (n=360; 170 boys, 190 girls). Participants with TG levels≥75th and HDL-C levels≤25th percentile were defined as 'high TG' and 'low HDL-C', respectively. We genotyped participants for six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in five genes with known associations to lipid levels (rs328 in LPL, rs708272 in CETP, rs1800588 in LIPC, rs1800977 in ABCA1, rs1799941 and rs6257 in SHBG gene). ViSEN was used to identify associations with dyslipidemia phenotypes. There were 71 (50 males, 21 females) and 93 (60 males and 33 females) subjects with low HDL-C and high TG, respectively. Biological variables including age, gender, and BMI were significantly associated with both phenotypes (p<0.001). Importantly, a single SNP, rs708272, was associated with low HDL-C (IG=2.24%, p=0.026). Pairwise and higher order interaction analyses in the full dataset for low HDL-C and high TG revealed the largest effects in the models containing rs1800977, rs708272, age (IG=6.20%, p=0.046) and rs1800588, age, BMI (IG, 3.06%, p=0.022), respectively. In conclusion, the present study brings us a step closer to a systems genetic approach in understanding lipid phenotypes in children. Further efforts can integrate population and laboratory-based studies, hence accelerate the preventive medicine efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marquitta J White
- 1 Department of Genetics, Institute for Quantitative Biomedical Sciences, Dartmouth College , Hanover, New Hampshire
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100
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Scheubel R. [Anticoagulants in thoracic surgery]. Chirurg 2015; 86:419-22. [PMID: 25648435 DOI: 10.1007/s00104-014-2864-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many patients undergoing thoracic surgery are treated with anticoagulants or platelet aggregation inhibitors because of different comorbidities. Additionally the risk of thromboembolic events is increased perioperatively; therefore, a perioperative thrombosis prophylaxis is necessary. On the other hand the risk of intraoperative or postoperative bleeding is increased because of the volume of the thoracic cavity and the partially negative intrathoracic pressure. OBJECTIVES This article gives an overview of the perioperative management of anticoagulant therapy in thoracic surgery and presents an appropriate approach in cases of severe bleeding. MATERIAL AND METHODS A literature search was carried out regarding currently used anticoagulants. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION For the correct perioperative application of vitamin K antagonists, platelet aggregation inhibitors, new oral anticoagulants and drugs for thrombosis prophylaxis, it is of major importance to conceive an individual risk profile of thoracic surgery patients. However, there are not enough evidence-based data referring to the correct perioperative management for new oral anticoagulants.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Scheubel
- Thoraxchirurgische Klinik, Fachkliniken Wangen, Am Vogelherd 14, 88239, Wangen/Allgäu, Deutschland,
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