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Yusuf A, Sodiq A, Giwa A, Eke J, Pikuda O, Eniola JO, Ajiwokewu B, Sambudi NS, Bilad MR. Updated review on microplastics in water, their occurrence, detection, measurement, environmental pollution, and the need for regulatory standards. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 292:118421. [PMID: 34756874 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The gravity of the impending threats posed by microplastics (MPs) pollution in the environment cannot be over-emphasized. Several research studies continue to stress how important it is to curb the proliferation of these small plastic particles with different physical and chemical properties, especially in aquatic environments. While several works on how to monitor, detect and remove MPs from the aquatic environment have been published, there is still a lack of explicit regulatory framework for mitigation of MPs globally. A critical review that summarizes recent advances in MPs research and emphasizes the need for regulatory frameworks devoted to MPs is presented in this paper. These frameworks suggested in this paper may be useful for reducing the proliferation of MPs in the environment. Based on all reviewed studies related to MPs research, we discussed the occurrence of MPs by identifying the major types and sources of MPs in water bodies; examined the recent ways of detecting, monitoring, and measuring MPs routinely to minimize projected risks; and proposed recommendations for consensus regulatory actions that will be effective for MPs mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Yusuf
- Chemical Engineering Department, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahmed Sodiq
- College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Adewale Giwa
- Chemical Engineering Department, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Joyner Eke
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, 177 F Paul Anderson Tower Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - Oluwadamilola Pikuda
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0C5, Canada
| | - Jamiu O Eniola
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Bilkis Ajiwokewu
- Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Department, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nonni Soraya Sambudi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, Perak, 32610, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Roil Bilad
- Faculty of Integrated Technologies, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong, BE 1410, Brunei Darussalam
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Parolini M, Ortenzi MA, Morelli C, Gianotti V. Emerging use of thermal analysis in the assessment of micro(nano)plastics exposure. CURRENT OPINION IN TOXICOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cotox.2021.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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53
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Iri AH, Shahrah MHA, Ali AM, Qadri SA, Erdem T, Ozdur IT, Icoz K. Optical detection of microplastics in water. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:63860-63866. [PMID: 33462694 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12358-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Unfortunately, the plastic pollution increases at an exponential rate and drastically endangers the marine ecosystem. According to World Health Organization (WHO), microplastics in drinking water have become a concern and may be a risk to human health. One of the major efforts to fight against this problem is developing easy-to-use, low-cost, portable microplastic detection systems. To address this issue, here, we present our prototype device based on an optical system that can help detect the microplastics in water. This system that costs less than $370 is essentially a low-cost Raman spectrometer. It includes a collimated laser (5 mW), a sample holder, a notch filter, a diffraction grating, and a CCD sensor all integrated in a 3D printed case. Our experiments show that our system is capable of detecting microplastics in water having a concentration less than 0.015% w/v. We believe that the designed portable device can find a widespread use all over the world to monitor the microplastic content in an easier and cost-effective manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet H Iri
- Department of Electrical-Electronics Engineering, Abdullah Gül University, Kocasinan, 38080, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Malek H A Shahrah
- Department of Electrical-Electronics Engineering, Abdullah Gül University, Kocasinan, 38080, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Ali M Ali
- Department of Electrical-Electronics Engineering, Abdullah Gül University, Kocasinan, 38080, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Sayed A Qadri
- Department of Electrical-Electronics Engineering, Abdullah Gül University, Kocasinan, 38080, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Talha Erdem
- Department of Electrical-Electronics Engineering, Abdullah Gül University, Kocasinan, 38080, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim T Ozdur
- Department of Electrical-Electronics Engineering, Abdullah Gül University, Kocasinan, 38080, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Kutay Icoz
- Department of Electrical-Electronics Engineering, Abdullah Gül University, Kocasinan, 38080, Kayseri, Turkey.
- Opsentia Research and Development, 38030, Kayseri, Turkey.
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54
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Das RK, Sanyal D, Kumar P, Pulicharla R, Brar SK. Science-society-policy interface for microplastic and nanoplastic: Environmental and biomedical aspects. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 290:117985. [PMID: 34454195 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The global concern over the possible consequences of the downsizing of plastic to microplastics (MPs) and nano plastics (NPs) needs to be addressed with a new conceptual framework. The transformation of plastics to MPs and NPs can be discussed in terms of fundamental physics principles applicable to micro and nanophase matter and colloidal science principles. Further, accurate and reliable detection and characterization of MPs and NPs are crucial for an extensive understanding of their environmental and ecological impacts. The other decisive factor that can classify MPs and NPs as hazardous to existing nanomaterials is discussing the cytotoxicity study on human cell lines. The human health risk assessment that might arise from the ingestion of MPs and NPs can be addressed about contrast agents used for medical imaging. However, the lack of standard analytical techniques for MPs and NPs measurement is an emerging challenge for analytical scientists due to their complex physicochemical properties, especially in environmental samples. This review article navigates readers through the point of origin of MPs and NPs and their interdisciplinary aspects. Biomedical applications of plastics and concerns over the toxicity of MPs and NPs are further analyzed. Moreover, the analytical challenges of MPs and NPs have been discussed with critical inputs. Finally, the worldwide efforts being made for creating a common platform of discussion on a different aspect of plastic pollution were taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratul Kumar Das
- TERI-Deakin Nanobiotechnology Centre, The Energy and Resources Institute, Gual Pahari, 122001, Haryana, India
| | - Doyeli Sanyal
- TERI-Deakin Nanobiotechnology Centre, The Energy and Resources Institute, Gual Pahari, 122001, Haryana, India; Amity University Punjab, Block-D, Aerocity, Sector-82-A, Mohali, Chandigarh, 140306, India
| | - Pratik Kumar
- INRS-ETE, Université Du Québec, 490, Rue de La Couronne, Québec, G1K 9A9, Canada; Indian Institute of Technology Jammu, Department of Civil Engineering., Jagti, NH 44, Nagrota Bypass, Jammu (J & K), 181221, India
| | - Rama Pulicharla
- École Supérieure D'aménagement Du Territoire et de Développement Régional, Pavillon Félix-Antoine-Savard, Bureau 1616, 2325, Rue des Bibliothèques, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada; Department of Civil Engineering, Lassonde School of Engineering, York University, North York, Toronto, M3J 1P3, Ontario, Canada
| | - Satinder Kaur Brar
- INRS-ETE, Université Du Québec, 490, Rue de La Couronne, Québec, G1K 9A9, Canada; Department of Civil Engineering, Lassonde School of Engineering, York University, North York, Toronto, M3J 1P3, Ontario, Canada.
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Polystyrene nanoplastics and microplastics can act as Trojan horse carriers of benzo(a)pyrene to mussel hemocytes in vitro. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22396. [PMID: 34789853 PMCID: PMC8599475 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01938-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work we studied the ability of polystyrene (PS) nanoplastics (NPs) and microplastics (MPs) to transfer benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) to mussel hemocytes and to produce toxic effects in vitro. For this, intracellular fate and toxicity of PS NPs (0.05 μm) and MPs (0.5 and 4.5 μm) alone or with BaP and of BaP alone were assessed. Particles of 0.05 and 0.5 µm largely aggregated in the exposure medium whereas presence of BaP reduced particle aggregation. Cells internalized PS NPs and MPs alone or with BaP and these were found inside and outside lysosomes, depending on their size. PS particles alone or with BaP were cytotoxic to hemocytes only at the highest concentrations tested. The same was true for most sublethal endpoints except for increased phagocytic activity provoked by NPs and 0.5 μm MPs at lower concentrations. Plastic particles appeared to be the main drivers for reduced plasma membrane integrity and increased phagocytic and lysosomal activities whereas BaP appeared to contribute more to reduced cell viability and phagocytosis and increased ROS production and genotoxicity. Overall, PS NPs and MPs can act as carriers of BaP to mussel hemocytes, rising concerns about risks plastics associated to pollutants may pose to aquatic organisms.
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Hoseini SM, Sinha R, Fazel A, Khosraviani K, Hosseinpour Delavar F, Arghideh M, Sedaghat M, Paolucci M, Hoseinifar SH, Van Doan H. Histopathological damage and stress- and immune-related genes' expression in the intestine of common carp, Cyprinus carpio exposed to copper and polyvinyl chloride microparticle. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART 2021; 337:181-190. [PMID: 34762360 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed at assessing the singular and combined effects of water copper and polyvinyl chloride microplastic (MPVC) on intestinal copper accumulation, histopathological damage, and stress-/immune-related genes' expression in common carp, Cyprinus carpio. Four groups of fish were maintained in triplicate: control (kept in clean water), Cu (exposed to 0.25 mg/L of copper), MPVC (exposed to 0.5 mg/L of MPVC), and Cu-MPVC (exposed to 0.25 mg/L of copper + 0.5 mg/L of MPVC). After 14-day exposure, the fish of Cu and Cu-MPVC treatments exhibited significantly higher intestinal copper contents, compared to the fish of control and MPVC treatments. In this regard, the Cu-MPVC fish had significantly higher copper content than the Cu fish. Exposure to copper and/or MPVC significantly upregulated the intestinal heat shock protein 70 (hsp70), cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 1 (cyp1a1), lysozyme (lys), defensin (def), mucin 2 (muc2), and mucin 5 (muc5) expression. The highest expression of hsp70, cyp1a1, lys, and def was related to Cu-MPVC treatment; whereas, the highest expression of muc2 and muc5 was observed in Cu and MPVC treatments. Exposure to copper and/or MPVC induced intestinal damage, which Cu-MPVC fish exhibited the highest severity. The present study revealed that exposure to copper and/or MPVC causes intestinal histopathological damage and upregulation in stress- and immune-related genes' expression. The most serious effects were observed in Cu-MPVC treatment that might be due to additive effects of copper and MPVC and/or higher copper accumulation in this treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyyed Morteza Hoseini
- Inland Waters Aquatics Resources Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Reshma Sinha
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Abdolazim Fazel
- Inland Waters Aquatics Resources Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Kaveh Khosraviani
- Department of Fisheries Science, College of Marine Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Hosseinpour Delavar
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Arghideh
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mohsen Sedaghat
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Marina Paolucci
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Hien Van Doan
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of AgricultureFaculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Science and Technology Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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57
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Umamaheswari S, Priyadarshinee S, Bhattacharjee M, Kadirvelu K, Ramesh M. Exposure to polystyrene microplastics induced gene modulated biological responses in zebrafish (Danio rerio). CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 281:128592. [PMID: 33077188 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The substantial increase in the occurrence of microplastics (MPs) in the aquatic ecosystem has been recognized as an emerging concern today. Studies have revealed the toxicity of microplastics on behavior, physiology, and reproduction of fishes. Despite several reports, there are inadequate literature reports on the impact of microplastics on aquatic forms at the molecular level. The present study was aimed to investigate the adverse effects of polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs) in adult zebrafish model system. Healthy fishes were exposed to different concentrations (10 and 100 μg L-1) of PS-MPs for 35 d. The results revealed that PS-MPs exposure induced ROS (Reactive oxygen species) generation disrupting the antioxidant defense system, hepatic enzymology, and neurotransmission. Correspondingly, the histological studies showed PS-MPs induced histopathological lesions, including inflammation, degeneration, necrosis, and hemorrhage, in the brain and liver tissues of zebrafish. Furthermore, PS-MPs exposure significantly upregulated the expressions of gstp1, hsp70l, and ptgs2a gene along with the downregulation of cat, sod1, gpx1a, and ache genes. Therefore, the present study illustrates the potential of PS-MPs to induce different grades of toxic impacts in fishes by altering its metabolic mechanism, histological architecture, and gene regulation pattern through ROS induced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sheela Priyadarshinee
- Unit of Toxicology, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, India
| | - Monojit Bhattacharjee
- DRDO-BU Centre for Life Sciences, Bharathiar University Campus, Coimbatore, 641046, India
| | - Krishna Kadirvelu
- DRDO-BU Centre for Life Sciences, Bharathiar University Campus, Coimbatore, 641046, India
| | - Mathan Ramesh
- Unit of Toxicology, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, India.
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58
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Solomando A, Capó X, Alomar C, Compa M, Valencia JM, Sureda A, Deudero S. Assessment of the effect of long-term exposure to microplastics and depuration period in Sparus aurata Linnaeus, 1758: Liver and blood biomarkers. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 786:147479. [PMID: 33975116 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The constant increase in plastic pollution has attracted great attention in recent years due to its potential detrimental effects on organisms and ecosystems. While the consequences of ingestion of large plastic litter are mostly understood, the impacts resulting from a long-term exposure and a recovery period of microplastics (MPs) are still limited. The aims were to monitor oxidative stress, detoxification and inflammatory biomarkers in liver, plasma and erythrocytes of Sparus aurata exposed during 90 days to low-density polyethylene (LDPE)-MPs enriched diet (10% by weight) followed by 30 days of depuration. Exposure to LDPE-MPs progressively activates the antioxidant and detoxification system and induces an inflammatory response in liver and plasma, whereas no significant changes were observed in erythrocytes. The plasma activities of catalase, myeloperoxidase (MPO), lysozyme and the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) as maker of lipid peroxidation significantly increased after exposure to LDPE-MPs for 90 days compared to the control group. The activities of all antioxidant enzymes - catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase-, the detoxification enzyme glutathione s-transferase, MPO, the production of reactive oxygen species and the levels of MDA were also significantly increased in liver after MPs exposure. Additionally, all these biomarkers tended to recover during the depuration period, most of them reaching similar levels to those of the control group. In conclusion, the ingestion of a diet containing LDPE-MPs for 90 days induced a progressive increase in oxidative stress and inflammation biomarkers in liver and plasma of S. aurata but not in erythrocytes, which tended to regain control values when not exposed to MPs for 30 days. The present study contributes to a better understanding of the toxic effects of MPs in S. aurata and highlights the usefulness of plasma that can be obtained in a minimally invasive way to monitor these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antònia Solomando
- Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain; Interdisciplinary Ecology Group, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain.
| | - Xavier Capó
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Baleares, Muelle de Poniente s/n, E-07015 Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Carme Alomar
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Baleares, Muelle de Poniente s/n, E-07015 Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain.
| | - Montserrat Compa
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Baleares, Muelle de Poniente s/n, E-07015 Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain.
| | - José María Valencia
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones Marinas y Acuicultura, LIMIA-Govern de les Illes Balears, E-07157 Port d'Andratx, Balearic Islands, Spain; Instituto de Investigaciones Agroambientales y de Economía del Agua (INAGEA) (INIA-CAIB-UIB), E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain.
| | - Antoni Sureda
- Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain; CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), University of the Balearic Islands, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain..
| | - Salud Deudero
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Baleares, Muelle de Poniente s/n, E-07015 Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain.
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Gopinath PM, Twayana KS, Ravanan P, John Thomas, Mukherjee A, Jenkins DF, Chandrasekaran N. Prospects on the nano-plastic particles internalization and induction of cellular response in human keratinocytes. Part Fibre Toxicol 2021; 18:35. [PMID: 34496914 PMCID: PMC8424902 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-021-00428-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Today, cosmetic products are very popular with both men and women to improve their appearance and increase their social acceptability. RESULTS In this study, nano-sized (30-300 nm) plastic particles were isolated from the commercial face-scrubs and treated on the human keratinocytes. The observed adherence of polyethylene nano-plastics (PENPs), polystyrene NPs (PSNPs), and face-scrubs isolated nano-plastics (NPs) on the keratin layer reveals a significant attachment of NPs from the cosmetics that are applied on the skin for a short duration. This attachment property could facilitate further adherence of protein molecules on NPs and the protein-corona formation. The protein-corona mimics protein aggregates, thereby triggers macropinocytosis, followed by the macropinolysosomal process in the cell. These internalized NPs induced the concentration-dependent cytotoxic, cytostatic and cytoprotective activity in keratinocytes. Both single dose and chronic long-term exposure of lethal and sub-lethal concentrations of NPs resulted in oxidative stress-mediated down-regulation of cell growth and proliferation inhibition. Autophagic structures and premature aging were also observed using an electron microscopy and a senescence marker, respectively in the NPs internalized HaCaT cells incubated in a fresh, NPs-free medium. CONCLUSION Though 2D culture models have many limitations, it produces significant conceptual advancements. This work provides an insight into the NPs concentration-dependent regulatory, cytoprotective, and cytotoxic effects in HaCaT cells. However, 3D model studies are required to identify the detailed mechanisms of NPs toxicity and cytoprotective events in cells at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Krishna Sundar Twayana
- Apoptosis and Cell Survival Research Lab, Department of Biosciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632 014, India
| | - Palaniyandi Ravanan
- Apoptosis and Cell Survival Research Lab, Department of Biosciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632 014, India.
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu, 610 104, India.
| | - John Thomas
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Tamil Nadu, Vellore, 632 014, India
| | - Amitava Mukherjee
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Tamil Nadu, Vellore, 632 014, India
| | - David F Jenkins
- Faculty of Science and Environment, Plymouth University, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Natarajan Chandrasekaran
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Tamil Nadu, Vellore, 632 014, India.
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60
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DiBona E, Pinnell LJ, Heising-Huang A, Geist S, Turner JW, Seemann F. A Holistic Assessment of Polyethylene Fiber Ingestion in Larval and Juvenile Japanese Medaka Fish. Front Physiol 2021; 12:668645. [PMID: 34421633 PMCID: PMC8371532 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.668645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microplastic pollution is of public concern for global environmental health, aquaculture, and fisheries. Toxicity studies have shown that microplastic ingestion may cause intestinal damage, microbiota dysbiosis, and disturb the lipid and energy metabolism in fish. To determine the impact of environmentally relevant, chronic, low dose microplastic fibers on fish health, medaka larvae, and juveniles were exposed to five concentrations of polyethylene (PE) fibers for 21 days through the feed. Fish growth and condition were assessed to determine the overall impact on fish health. To identify impaired energy intake, the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) integrity was evaluated at the molecular and cellular levels. Microbiota analysis was performed by comparing the top seven most abundant phyla present in both larval and juvenile fish exposed to 0, 1.5, and 3 PE fibers/fish/day. A shift in the phyla Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes were observed. Larval samples demonstrated decreased proteobacteria abundance, while juvenile samples displayed an increase in abundance. Relative gene expression of key digestive genes from GIT tissue was quantified using real time-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. An effect on digestive gene expression potentially affecting nutrient absorption and antioxidant production was indicated via a significant decrease of solute carrier family 6 member 6 expression in larvae exposed to 6 fibers/fish/day. No significant molecular changes were observed in juvenile GIT tissue, although a non-monotonous dose-response was observed. GIT morphology was analyzed using histomorphological observations of the GIT mucus and cell types. No significant impairment of the GIT epithelial layers was observed in larvae or juveniles. To assess growth and condition, Fulton's condition factor was measured. No differences were observed in larval or juvenile growth. Comparisons of different developmental stages allowed for identifying vulnerable developmental stages for microplastic exposure; larvae were more susceptible to molecular changes, while shifts in juvenile microbial communities were similar to changes reported post-polystyrene microplastic sphere exposure. This study is one of the first to provide toxicological data on the risk of PE fiber ingestion during fish development stages. Results indicate no imminent threat to fish condition at current measured environmental levels of microplastics; however, close monitoring of vital spawning grounds for commercially important fishes is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth DiBona
- Department of Life Sciences, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX, United States
| | - Lee J Pinnell
- Department of Life Sciences, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX, United States
| | - Annika Heising-Huang
- Institut für Genetik, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Simon Geist
- Department of Life Sciences, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX, United States
| | - Jeffrey W Turner
- Department of Life Sciences, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX, United States.,Center for Coastal and Marine Studies, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX, United States
| | - Frauke Seemann
- Department of Life Sciences, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX, United States.,Center for Coastal and Marine Studies, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX, United States
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61
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Snyder GA, Eliachar S, Connelly MT, Talice S, Hadad U, Gershoni-Yahalom O, Browne WE, Palmer CV, Rosental B, Traylor-Knowles N. Functional Characterization of Hexacorallia Phagocytic Cells. Front Immunol 2021; 12:662803. [PMID: 34381444 PMCID: PMC8350327 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.662803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Phagocytosis is the cellular defense mechanism used to eliminate antigens derived from dysregulated or damaged cells, and microbial pathogens. Phagocytosis is therefore a pillar of innate immunity, whereby foreign particles are engulfed and degraded in lysolitic vesicles. In hexacorallians, phagocytic mechanisms are poorly understood, though putative anthozoan phagocytic cells (amoebocytes) have been identified histologically. We identify and characterize phagocytes from the coral Pocillopora damicornis and the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis. Using fluorescence-activated cell sorting and microscopy, we show that distinct populations of phagocytic cells engulf bacteria, fungal antigens, and beads. In addition to pathogenic antigens, we show that phagocytic cells engulf self, damaged cells. We show that target antigens localize to low pH phagolysosomes, and that degradation is occurring within them. Inhibiting actin filament rearrangement interferes with efficient particle phagocytosis but does not affect small molecule pinocytosis. We also demonstrate that cellular markers for lysolitic vesicles and reactive oxygen species (ROS) correlate with hexacorallian phagocytes. These results establish a foundation for improving our understanding of hexacorallian immune cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace A Snyder
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Shir Eliachar
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research Center, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Michael T Connelly
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Shani Talice
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research Center, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Uzi Hadad
- Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Orly Gershoni-Yahalom
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research Center, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - William E Browne
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United States
| | - Caroline V Palmer
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Benyamin Rosental
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research Center, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Nikki Traylor-Knowles
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
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Mallik A, Xavier KAM, Naidu BC, Nayak BB. Ecotoxicological and physiological risks of microplastics on fish and their possible mitigation measures. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 779:146433. [PMID: 33743469 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are widely distributed and extensively found within marine ecosystems, and approximately 8 million tons of plastics are being dumped into the sea annually. Once reached the marine environment, plastics tend to get fragmented into smaller particles through photo-degradation, mechanical and biological processes. These MPs have raised concerns globally due to their potential toxic impacts on a wide variety of aquatic fauna and humans. Ingested microplastics can cause severe health implications in fishes, including reduced feeding intensity, improper gill functioning, immuno-suppression, and compromised reproducibility. Several studies were also conducted to scrutinize MPs trophic transfer through the food chain from primary producers to top predators and their bioaccumulation. This paper briefly summarizes all the possible sources, routes, bioavailability, trophic transfer, and consequences of microplastics in fishes. The review article also intended to highlight various mitigation strategies like implementing Four R's concept (refuse, reduce, reuse, and recycle), integrated strategies, ban on single-use plastics, use bioplastics, and create behavioural changes with public awareness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Mallik
- Fishery Resource Harvest and Postharvest Management Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova, Mumbai 400061, Maharashtra, India
| | - K A Martin Xavier
- Fishery Resource Harvest and Postharvest Management Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova, Mumbai 400061, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Bejawada Chanikya Naidu
- Fishery Resource Harvest and Postharvest Management Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova, Mumbai 400061, Maharashtra, India
| | - Binaya Bhusan Nayak
- Fishery Resource Harvest and Postharvest Management Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova, Mumbai 400061, Maharashtra, India
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63
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Alomar C, Sanz-Martín M, Compa M, Rios-Fuster B, Álvarez E, Ripolles V, Valencia JM, Deudero S. Microplastic ingestion in reared aquaculture fish: Biological responses to low-density polyethylene controlled diets in Sparus aurata. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 280:116960. [PMID: 33780838 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
During the last years, ingestion of microplastics (MPs) has been quantified in marine species both with an ecological and commercial interest at sea and under experimental conditions, highlighting the importance to assess MP ingestion in commercially and aquaculture important species such as gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) fish. In order to study the ingestion of MPs in a commercially valuable species, gilthead seabreams were exposed to an enriched diet with virgin and weathered low-density polyethylene (LDPE) pellets for three months followed by a detoxification period of one month of no exposure to MP enriched diets. Our results indicate that MP ingestion in these fishes increased with exposure time, and differences were found between treatments, showing the highest ingestion values after three months of exposure to MP enriched diets and in the weathered treatment. However, after one month of detoxification, no MPs were found in the gastrointestinal tracts of fish, reflecting no long-term retention of MPs in Sparus aurata digestive system. According to results from this study, exposure of fish to MP enriched diets does not affect fish size neither the Fulton's condition index as both parameters increased with time in all treatments (control, virgin and weathered). Both carbon and nitrogen isotopic signatures decreased with fish size in all treatments which could be related to an increase of nitrogen deposition efficiency in fish muscle with a high protein assimilation during the first months of Sparus aurata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carme Alomar
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Baleares, Muelle de Poniente s/n, 07015, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
| | - Marina Sanz-Martín
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Baleares, Muelle de Poniente s/n, 07015, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Montserrat Compa
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Baleares, Muelle de Poniente s/n, 07015, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Beatriz Rios-Fuster
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Baleares, Muelle de Poniente s/n, 07015, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Elvira Álvarez
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Baleares, Muelle de Poniente s/n, 07015, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Vincent Ripolles
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Baleares, Muelle de Poniente s/n, 07015, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - José María Valencia
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones Marinas y Acuicultura, LIMIA-Govern de Les Illes Balears, Port d'Andratx, Balearic Islands, Spain; INAGEA (INIA-CAIB-UIB), Carr. de Valldemossa, Km 7.5, 07122, Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Salud Deudero
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Baleares, Muelle de Poniente s/n, 07015, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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64
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Zwollo P, Quddos F, Bagdassarian C, Seeley ME, Hale RC, Abderhalden L. Polystyrene microplastics reduce abundance of developing B cells in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) primary cultures. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 114:102-111. [PMID: 33930547 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Environmental microplastic pollution (including polystyrene, PS) may have detrimental effects on the health of aquatic organisms. Accumulation of PS microplastics has been reported to affect innate immune cells and inflammatory responses in fish. To date, knowledge on effects of microplastics on the antibody response is still very limited. Here, we investigated effects of small (0.8-20 μm) PS microplastics on the abundance of B lineage cells in primary cultures of developing immune cells from the anterior kidney of rainbow trout. Both purchased PS microbeads and PS microparticles generated from consumer products were used as microplastic sources. We first show that rainbow trout phagocytic B cells efficiently took up small (0.83-3.1 μm) PS microbeads within hours of exposure. In addition, our data revealed that PS microplastic exposure most significantly decreased the abundance of a population of non-phagocytic developing B cells, using both flow cytometry and RT-qPCR. PS microplastics-induced loss of developing B cells further correlated with reduced gene expression of RAG1 and the membrane form of immunoglobulin heavy chains mu and tau. Based on the induced loss of developing B cells observed in our in vitro studies, we speculate that in vivo, chronic PS microplastic-exposure may lead to suboptimal IgM/IgT levels in response to pathogens in teleost species. Considering the highly conserved nature of vertebrate B lymphopoiesis it is likely that PS microplastics will similarly reduce antibody responses in higher vertebrate species, including humans. Further, RAG1 provides an effective biomarker to determine effects of PS microplastics on B cell development in teleost species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patty Zwollo
- Department of Biology, William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA, 23185, USA.
| | - Fatima Quddos
- Department of Biology, William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA, 23185, USA
| | - Carey Bagdassarian
- Interdisciplinary Studies, William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA, 23185, USA
| | - Meredith Evans Seeley
- Virginia Institute of Marine Science, Department of Aquatic Health Sciences, William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA, 23062, USA
| | - Robert C Hale
- Virginia Institute of Marine Science, Department of Aquatic Health Sciences, William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA, 23062, USA
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65
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Chen G, Li Y, Wang J. Occurrence and ecological impact of microplastics in aquaculture ecosystems. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 274:129989. [PMID: 33979917 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Extensive applications of plastic in human life has caused substantial microplastic pollution in the global environment, which, due to plastic's ubiquitous nature and everlasting ecological impact, has caused worldwide concern. In aquatic ecosystems, microplastics are ingested by aquatic animals, affecting their growth and development and resulting in trophic transfer to higher organisms in the food chain. Therefore, consumption of aquatic products is a main primary source of human exposure to microplastics. Recently, aquaculture production has experienced tremendous growth and will exceed production from fish catch soon. Because they constitute an important source of protein in the human food supply, aquaculture products contaminated with microplastics directly affect food quality and safety. The present review summarizes documented studies regarding the occurrence and distribution of microplastics in various aquaculture systems and species and compares microplastic pollution in aquaculture species and captured species. Microplastics in aquaculture environments mainly come from exogenous imports, such as plastic waste and debris from the land, tourism, shipping transportation and atmospheric deposition. In addition, the use of plastic gear and equipment, aquaculture feed and health products, and special aquaculture environments contribute to a higher accumulation of microplastics. We also discuss the adverse effects of microplastics in aquaculture species and the potential health risks of microplastics to humans through the food chain. In summary, this review highlights the effects of microplastic pollution in aquaculture, particularly the ecological impacts on aquaculture species and associated human health implications, and calls for restricted control of microplastics in aquaculture ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanglong Chen
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yizheng Li
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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66
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Revel M, Roman C, Châtel A. Is cell culture a suitable tool for the evaluation of micro- and nanoplastics ecotoxicity? ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2021; 30:421-430. [PMID: 33580466 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-021-02355-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plastic particles have been described in aquatic ecosystems worldwide. An increasing number of studies have tried to evaluate the toxic impacts of microplastics (1-5000 µm) but also nanoplastics (<1 µm) in marine and freshwater organisms. However, the wide variety of plastic particles characteristics such as various sizes, shapes, functionalization or types of polymer, makes it difficult to evaluate their impact with regular ecotoxicity testing. In this context, cell culture, mainly used in human toxicology, could be a promising tool to evaluate micro- and nanoplastics toxicity with a wide diversity of conditions allowing to generate a large set of data. This review presents the current research on micro and nanoplastics using cell culture of marine and freshwater organisms, describes the limitations of cell culture tool and defines whether this tool can be considered as a relevant alternative strategy for ecotoxic evaluation of micro and nanoplastics especially for future regulatory needs. Articles using specifically cell culture tool from aquatic organisms such as fish or bivalves were identified. The majority evaluated the toxicity of polystyrene nanobeads on immune parameters, oxidative stress or DNA damage in fish cells. Although most of the papers characterized nanoplastic particles into the cell culture media, the relevance of testing conditions is not always clear. The development of cell culture can offer many opportunities for the evaluation of plastic particles' cellular impacts, but more research is needed to develop relevant culture models, on various aquatic organisms, and with consideration of abiotic parameters especially composition of cell culture media for nanoplastic evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Messika Revel
- Laboratoire Mer, Molécules, Santé (MMS, EA 2160), Université Catholique de l'Ouest, F-49000, Angers, France.
| | - Coraline Roman
- Laboratoire Mer, Molécules, Santé (MMS, EA 2160), Université Catholique de l'Ouest, F-49000, Angers, France
| | - Amélie Châtel
- Laboratoire Mer, Molécules, Santé (MMS, EA 2160), Université Catholique de l'Ouest, F-49000, Angers, France
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67
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Khalid N, Aqeel M, Noman A, Hashem M, Mostafa YS, Alhaithloul HAS, Alghanem SM. Linking effects of microplastics to ecological impacts in marine environments. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 264:128541. [PMID: 33059282 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Recently, efforts to determine the ecological impacts of microplastic pollutants have increased because of plastic's accelerated contamination of the environment. The tiny size, variable surface topography, thermal properties, bioavailability and biological toxicity of microplastics all offer opportunities for these pollutants to negatively impact the environment. Additionally, various inorganic and organic chemicals sorbed on these particles may pose a greater threat to organisms than the microplastics themselves. However, there is still a big knowledge gap in the assessment of various toxicological effects of microplastics in the environment. Ecological risk assessment of microplastics has become more challenging with the current data gaps. Thus, a current literature review and identification of the areas where research on ecology of microplastics can be extended is necessary. We have provided an overview of various aspects of microplastics by which they interact negatively or positively with marine organisms. We hypothesize that biogeochemical interactions are critical to fully understand the ecological impacts, movement, and fate of microplastics in oceans. As microplastics are now ubiquitous in marine environments and impossible to remove, we recommend that it's not too late to converge research on plastic alternatives. In addition, strict actions should be taken promptly to prevent plastics from entering the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noreen Khalid
- Department of Botany, Government College Women University, Sialkot, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Aqeel
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agroecosystems, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, PR China
| | - Ali Noman
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Mohamed Hashem
- King Khalid University, College of Science, Department of Biology, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia; Assiut University, Faculty of Science, Botany and Microbiology Department, Assiut, 71516, Egypt
| | - Yasser S Mostafa
- King Khalid University, College of Science, Department of Biology, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Suliman M Alghanem
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Tabuk University, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
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68
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Rios-Fuster B, Arechavala-Lopez P, García-Marcos K, Alomar C, Compa M, Álvarez E, Julià MM, Solomando Martí A, Sureda A, Deudero S. Experimental evidence of physiological and behavioral effects of microplastic ingestion in Sparus aurata. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 231:105737. [PMID: 33422861 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Increasing global research has identified microplastics (MPs) to be impacting marine organisms. The present work aimed at investigating the physiological and behavioral effects of thirty-six juvenile Sparus aurata exposed to control, virgin and weathered MPs enriched diets during a 21-day period under controlled conditions. Physiological effects were assessed in liver and brain using the following biomarkers: activities of the antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GRd), the detoxifying enzyme glutathione S-transferase (GST) and malondialdehyde (MDA) as indicative of lipid peroxidation. Individuals were recorded for behavior analysis (i.e. social interactions and feeding behavior). Results revealed an increase in cellular stress from control to weathered fish groups, with the virgin group showing intermediate levels in all quantified biomarkers. Significant differences were found in the liver for all biomarkers except for MDA, suggesting that exposure time to MPs in this experiment is long enough to trigger the activation of antioxidant enzymes but not to produce cell damage by lipid peroxidation. In brain tissue samples, fish from the weathered group presented significantly higher values for CAT and SOD, highlighting its function as primary antioxidants. Regarding behavioral effects, results showed that the two MPs enriched groups were significantly bolder during social interactions and, although no significantly, tended to be more active during feeding. In conclusion, MPs which have been weathered in marine environmental conditions produces a higher physiological response than virgin MPs but also, a physiological response is variable depending on the tissue analyzed. In addition, a short period to MP exposure seems to affect overall social and feeding behavior but, further research is needed to assess long-term effects of MP ingestion and its potential consequences on fish populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Rios-Fuster
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Baleares, Muelle de Poniente s/n, 07015, Mallorca, Spain.
| | - Pablo Arechavala-Lopez
- Fish Ecology Group, Instituto Mediterráneo de Estudios Avanzados (IMEDEA-CSIC/UIB), Mallorca, Spain; Fish Ethology and Welfare Group, Centro de Ciencias do Mar (CCMAR), Faro, Portugal
| | - Karlos García-Marcos
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Baleares, Muelle de Poniente s/n, 07015, Mallorca, Spain
| | - Carme Alomar
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Baleares, Muelle de Poniente s/n, 07015, Mallorca, Spain
| | - Montserrat Compa
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Baleares, Muelle de Poniente s/n, 07015, Mallorca, Spain
| | - Elvira Álvarez
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Baleares, Muelle de Poniente s/n, 07015, Mallorca, Spain
| | - María Micaela Julià
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Baleares, Muelle de Poniente s/n, 07015, Mallorca, Spain; Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress (NUCOX), the Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IdISBa) and CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Mallorca, Spain
| | - Antònia Solomando Martí
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress (NUCOX), the Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IdISBa) and CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Mallorca, Spain
| | - Antoni Sureda
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress (NUCOX), the Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IdISBa) and CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Mallorca, Spain
| | - Salud Deudero
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Baleares, Muelle de Poniente s/n, 07015, Mallorca, Spain
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69
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Silva CJM, Patrício Silva AL, Campos D, Machado AL, Pestana JLT, Gravato C. Oxidative damage and decreased aerobic energy production due to ingestion of polyethylene microplastics by Chironomus riparius (Diptera) larvae. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 402:123775. [PMID: 33254786 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Riverine sediments are major sinks of microplastics from inland anthropogenic activities, imposing a threat to freshwater benthic invertebrates. This study investigated the ingestion of three size-classes (SC) of irregularly shaped polyethylene microplastics (PE-MPs; SC I: 32-63 μm; II: 63-250 μm; III: 125-500 μm) after 48 h by dipteran larvae (detritivore/collector) Chironomus riparius, and the consequent effects on neurotransmission, energy allocation and oxidative stress. The tested PE-MPs concentrations (1.25; 5; 20 g kg-1) were within the range of concentrations reported in riverbanks from highly urbanised areas (1 - 9 g kg-1), except for 20 g kg-1 representing the worst-case scenario. After exposure to SC I, larvae presented high amounts (up to ∼2400 particles/organism) of PE-MPs in their guts, with an average size-range of 30-60 μm. In the SC II and III, larvae presented PE-MPs of higher diameter (up to 125 μm) and a visible gut obstruction. The high number of particles in the larval gut (SC I) and/or difficulties for their egestion (SC I, II and III) induced oxidative damage and reduced aerobic energy production. In addition, larvae exposed to SC II and III revealed depletion in their total lipid reserves as a consequence of lacking nutrients, and the ones exposed to SC III presented a decrease in their detoxification capacity. These results highlight that freshwater detritivores with low selective feeding behaviour (e.g., chironomids) are more prone to ingest microplastics, with potentially adverse effects on cellular metabolism, redox status and antioxidant-detoxification defences. These harmful effects at lower levels of the biological organisation may ultimately affect organisms' physiology and fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos J M Silva
- CESAM, Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Ana L Patrício Silva
- CESAM, Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Diana Campos
- CESAM, Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana L Machado
- CESAM, Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - João L T Pestana
- CESAM, Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Carlos Gravato
- Faculty of Sciences & CESAM, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
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Johannessen C, Shetranjiwalla S. Role of Structural Morphology of Commodity Polymers in Microplastics and Nanoplastics Formation: Fragmentation, Effects and Associated Toxicity in the Aquatic Environment. REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 259:123-169. [PMID: 34652560 DOI: 10.1007/398_2021_80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
With the continued growth in plastic production, its ubiquitous use and insufficient waste management and disposal, the increased levels of plastics in the environment have led to growing ecological concerns. The breakdown of these plastic macromolecules to smaller micro and nanosized particles and their detection in the aerial, aquatic, marine and terrestrial environments has been reviewed extensively, especially for thermoplastics. However, the formation of micro and nanoplastics has typically been explained as a physical abrasion process, largely overlooking the underlying chemical structure-morphology correlations to the degradation mechanisms of the plastics. This is particularly true for the common commodity thermosets. This review focuses on the degradation pathways for the most widely produced commodity thermoplastics and thermosets into microplastics (MP)s and nanoplastics (NP)s, as well as their behaviour and associated toxicity. Special emphasis is placed on NPs, which are associated with greater risks for toxicity compared to MPs, due to their higher surface area to volume ratios. This review also assesses the current state of standardized detection and quantification methods as well as comprehensive regulations for these fragments in the aquatic environment.
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71
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Hirt N, Body-Malapel M. Immunotoxicity and intestinal effects of nano- and microplastics: a review of the literature. Part Fibre Toxicol 2020; 17:57. [PMID: 33183327 PMCID: PMC7661204 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-020-00387-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Together with poor biodegradability and insufficient recycling, the massive production and use of plastics have led to widespread environmental contamination by nano- and microplastics. These particles accumulate across ecosystems - even in the most remote habitats - and are transferred through food chains, leading to inevitable human ingestion, that adds to the highest one due to food processes and packaging. OBJECTIVE The present review aimed at providing a comprehensive overview of current knowledge regarding the effects of nano- and microplastics on intestinal homeostasis. METHODS We conducted a literature search focused on the in vivo effects of nano- and microplastics on gut epithelium and microbiota, as well as on immune response. RESULTS Numerous animal studies have shown that exposure to nano- and microplastics leads to impairments in oxidative and inflammatory intestinal balance, and disruption of the gut's epithelial permeability. Other notable effects of nano- and microplastic exposure include dysbiosis (changes in the gut microbiota) and immune cell toxicity. Moreover, microplastics contain additives, adsorb contaminants, and may promote the growth of bacterial pathogens on their surfaces: they are potential carriers of intestinal toxicants and pathogens that can potentially lead to further adverse effects. CONCLUSION Despite the scarcity of reports directly relevant to human, this review brings together a growing body of evidence showing that nano- and microplastic exposure disturbs the gut microbiota and critical intestinal functions. Such effects may promote the development of chronic immune disorders. Further investigation of this threat to human health is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nell Hirt
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286- INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Mathilde Body-Malapel
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286- INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, F-59000, Lille, France.
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Zou W, Xia M, Jiang K, Cao Z, Zhang X, Hu X. Photo-Oxidative Degradation Mitigated the Developmental Toxicity of Polyamide Microplastics to Zebrafish Larvae by Modulating Macrophage-Triggered Proinflammatory Responses and Apoptosis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:13888-13898. [PMID: 33078945 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c05399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are ubiquitous in the environment and pose substantial threats to the water ecosystem. However, the impact of natural aging of MPs on their toxicity has rarely been considered. This study found that visible light irradiation with hydrogen peroxide at environmentally relevant concentration for 90 days significantly altered the physicochemical properties and mitigated the toxicity of polyamide (PA) fragments to infantile zebrafish. The size of PA particles was reduced from ∼8.13 to ∼6.37 μm, and nanoparticles were produced with a maximum yield of 5.03%. The end amino groups were volatilized, and abundant oxygen-containing groups (e.g., hydroxyl and carboxyl) and carbon-centered free radicals were generated, improving the hydrophilicity and colloidal stability of degraded MPs. Compared with pristine PA, the depuration of degraded MPs mediated by multixenobiotics resistance was much quicker, leading to markedly lower bioaccumulation in fish and weaker inhibition on musculoskeletal development. By integrating transcriptomics and transgenic zebrafish [Tg(lyz:EGFP)] tests, differences in macrophages-triggered proinflammatory effects, apoptosis via IL-17 signaling pathway, and antioxidant damages were identified as the underlying mechanisms for the attenuated toxicity of degraded MPs. This work highlights the importance of natural degradation on the toxicity of MPs, which has great implications for risk assessment of MPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zou
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory on Key Techniques in Water Treatment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Mengli Xia
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory on Key Techniques in Water Treatment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Kai Jiang
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory on Key Techniques in Water Treatment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Zhiguo Cao
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory on Key Techniques in Water Treatment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Xingli Zhang
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory on Key Techniques in Water Treatment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Xiangang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
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73
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Sharifinia M, Bahmanbeigloo ZA, Keshavarzifard M, Khanjani MH, Lyons BP. Microplastic pollution as a grand challenge in marine research: A closer look at their adverse impacts on the immune and reproductive systems. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 204:111109. [PMID: 32798751 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic (MP) pollution of the marine environment is now a growing global concern posing a threat to a variety of species through the ingestion and transfer within food webs. This is considered a potential toxicological threat to marine species due to the chemical additives used to make many plastic products, or the persistent organic pollutants that may accumulate on them while residing in the environment. While the presence of MPs in the marine environment is widely documented, there are no other review articles providing a summary of published effect studies of MPs on the immune and reproductive systems of marine species. This manuscript reviews reproductive and immune-system changes in response to MPs in 7 and 9 species, respectively. Some species such as Mytilus galloprovincialis and oyster Crassostrea gigas were investigated in multiple papers. Most studies have been conducted on invertebrates, and only 3 studies have been performed on vertebrates, with exposure times ranging between 30 min and 60 days. A review of the literature revealed that the most common MPs types studied in relation to adverse impacts on immune system and reproductive success in marine species were polystyrene (PS) and polyethylene (PE). The immune system's responses to MPs exposure varied depending on the species, with altered organismal defense mechanisms and neutrophil function observed in fish and changes in lysosomal membrane stability and apoptotic-like nuclear alterations in phagocytes reported in invertebrate species. Reproductive responses to MPs exposure, varied depending on species, but included significant reduction in gamete and oocyte quality, fecundity, sperm swimming speed, and quality of offspring. The lack of published data means that developing a clear understanding of the impact across taxonomic groups with different feeding and behavioral traits is often difficult. Further work is required to better understand the risk MPs pose to the immune and reproductive systems of marine species in order to fully evaluate the impact these ubiquitous pollutants are having on marine ecosystems and the associated goods and services they provide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moslem Sharifinia
- Shrimp Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Bushehr, Iran.
| | | | - Mehrzad Keshavarzifard
- Shrimp Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Bushehr, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Hossein Khanjani
- Department of Fisheries Science and Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Jiroft, Jiroft, Kerman, Iran
| | - Brett P Lyons
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth Laboratory, Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset, DT4 8UB, UK
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Solomando A, Capó X, Alomar C, Álvarez E, Compa M, Valencia JM, Pinya S, Deudero S, Sureda A. Long-term exposure to microplastics induces oxidative stress and a pro-inflammatory response in the gut of Sparus aurata Linnaeus, 1758. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 266:115295. [PMID: 32763772 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Environmental pollution from plastic debris is a major global concern, being a potential threat to marine organisms and ecosystems. The accumulation of microplastics (MPs) in the oceans has notable ecological implications due to their long persistence, their potential ecotoxicity, and their ability to adsorb other pollutants and act as vectors of pathogens. Nevertheless, whereas the number of investigations documenting the presence of MPs in wild fish has increased, less studies have addressed the toxicological effects associated with the ingestion of MPs in long-term laboratory conditions. The aim of the present study was to assess the physiological response of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) exposed to low-density polyethylene (LDPE) MPs during a 90-day exposure followed by an extra 30 days of depuration through the application of oxidative stress biomarkers in the gut. No changes were observed in the Fulton condition factor of fish associated with MP intake. The activities of antioxidant enzymes and glutathione s-transferase and the levels of reduced glutathione progressively increased throughout the study in the MPs-fed group compared to the control group, reaching the highest values at 90 days. Similarly, the activity of the pro-inflammatory enzyme, myeloperoxidase, and the levels of oxidative damage markers -malondialdehyde and protein carbonyls-also increased after 90 days of exposure to an enriched diet with MPs. During the 30-day depuration period, all the biomarkers analysed tended to normalize, with the majority recovering values similar to those of the control group. In conclusion, MPs exposure during 90 days to S. aurata induced oxidative stress and a pro-inflammatory response in gut, and were able to recover after the exposure to MPs was removed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antònia Solomando
- Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands, E-07122, Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain; Interdisciplinary Ecology Group, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, E-07122, Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain.
| | - Xavier Capó
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Baleares, Muelle de Poniente s/n, 07015, Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain.
| | - Carme Alomar
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Baleares, Muelle de Poniente s/n, 07015, Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain.
| | - Elvira Álvarez
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Baleares, Muelle de Poniente s/n, 07015, Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain.
| | - Montserrat Compa
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Baleares, Muelle de Poniente s/n, 07015, Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain.
| | - José María Valencia
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones Marinas y Acuicultura, LIMIA-Govern de les Illes Balears, Port d'Andratx, Balearic Islands, Spain.
| | - Samuel Pinya
- Interdisciplinary Ecology Group, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, E-07122, Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain.
| | - Salud Deudero
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Baleares, Muelle de Poniente s/n, 07015, Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain.
| | - Antoni Sureda
- Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands, E-07122, Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain; CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), University of the Balearic Islands, E-07122, Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain.
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75
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Iheanacho SC, Igberi C, Amadi-Eke A, Chinonyerem D, Iheanacho A, Avwemoya F. Biomarkers of neurotoxicity, oxidative stress, hepatotoxicity and lipid peroxidation in Clarias gariepinus exposed to melamine and polyvinyl chloride. Biomarkers 2020; 25:603-610. [PMID: 32962424 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2020.1821777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Plastic particulates and chemicals are emerging environmental pollutants with significant impact on aquatic ecosystems. In this study, the effects of oral uptake of melamine, melamine formaldehyde, and polyvinyl chloride on serum biochemical profiles, antioxidant enzymes activities, lipid peroxidation levels and brain acetyl cholinesterase activities in Clarias gariepinus juveniles were investigated. METHODS Fish specimens were fed diets spiked with melamine, melamine formaldehyde and poly vinyl chloride at 0.3% (3.0 g Kg-1) dietary inclusion for 45 days. Toxicity effect of these plastic chemicals was estimated by assaying relevant biomarkers. RESULTS After 45 days exposure, Serum glucose was significantly elevated, whereas plasma protein levels were substantially reduced in the exposed fish groups. Serum transaminases were significantly elevated in the exposed groups. Brain acetylcholinesterase and antioxidant enzyme activities declined significantly, while malondialdehyde levels were elevated in the exposed groups. CONCLUSION C. gariepinus is an important bioindicator to monitor the ecotoxicological impact of plastic chemicals such as melamine, and polyvinyl chloride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley Chidi Iheanacho
- Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu Alike, Ikwo, Nigeria.,Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Christiana Igberi
- Department of Agriculture, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu Alike, Ikwo, Nigeria
| | - Akunna Amadi-Eke
- Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria
| | - Delight Chinonyerem
- Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu Alike, Ikwo, Nigeria
| | - Angus Iheanacho
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Fred Avwemoya
- Department of Fisheries, Nigerian Maritime University, Okerenkoko Warri, Nigeria
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76
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Assas M, Qiu X, Chen K, Ogawa H, Xu H, Shimasaki Y, Oshima Y. Bioaccumulation and reproductive effects of fluorescent microplastics in medaka fish. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 158:111446. [PMID: 32753222 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study was performed to elucidate the uptake and bioaccumulation of polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs) in Japanese medaka (freshwater fish) and Java medaka (marine fish), and to assess its impacts on the survival, reproduction, and gene expression of Japanese medaka. Both species were exposed to 2-μm fluorescent PS-MPs (107 beads/L) for 3 weeks. The bioaccumulation factor of PS-MPs for Java medaka was calculated at about 4 × 102, higher than that for Japanese medaka (about 1 × 102). The exposure had no significant effects on the survival and reproduction of Japanese medaka. The mRNA sequencing analysis showed that the expression of a few genes involved in the cell adhesion, xenobiotic metabolic process, brain development, and other functions in medaka intestines significantly changed after exposure. These results suggest that virgin PS-MPs can potentially accumulate in medaka intestines, but has limited toxicity to Japanese medaka at the concentration up to 107 beads/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Assas
- Department of Bio-resources and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan; Department of Fish Processing and Biotechnology, Faculty of Fisheries, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Xuchun Qiu
- Department of Bio-resources and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan; Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China
| | - Kun Chen
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China
| | - Hijiri Ogawa
- Department of Bio-resources and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Hai Xu
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China
| | - Yohei Shimasaki
- Department of Bio-resources and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Yuji Oshima
- Department of Bio-resources and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan; Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, 920-1192, Japan.
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77
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Du J, Zhou Q, Li H, Xu S, Wang C, Fu L, Tang J. Environmental distribution, transport and ecotoxicity of microplastics: A review. J Appl Toxicol 2020; 41:52-64. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.4034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Du
- Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Materials and Environmental Engineering Hangzhou Dianzi University Hangzhou People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingwei Zhou
- Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Materials and Environmental Engineering Hangzhou Dianzi University Hangzhou People’s Republic of China
| | - Huanxuan Li
- Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Materials and Environmental Engineering Hangzhou Dianzi University Hangzhou People’s Republic of China
| | - Shaodan Xu
- Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Materials and Environmental Engineering Hangzhou Dianzi University Hangzhou People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunhui Wang
- Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Materials and Environmental Engineering Hangzhou Dianzi University Hangzhou People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Fu
- Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Materials and Environmental Engineering Hangzhou Dianzi University Hangzhou People’s Republic of China
| | - Junhong Tang
- Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Materials and Environmental Engineering Hangzhou Dianzi University Hangzhou People’s Republic of China
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78
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Nobre CR, Moreno BB, Alves AV, de Lima Rosa J, da Rosa Franco H, Abessa DMDS, Maranho LA, Choueri RB, Gusso-Choueri PK, Pereira CDS. Effects of Microplastics Associated with Triclosan on the Oyster Crassostrea brasiliana: An Integrated Biomarker Approach. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2020; 79:101-110. [PMID: 32279094 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-020-00729-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Urban waste is a complex mixture of different substances, including microplastics and pharmaceuticals and personal care products. Microplastics have a high affinity for hydrophobic substances. One of these substances is triclosan, a bactericide used in a variety of hygiene products. Therefore, microplastics (MPs) may serve as a vector between triclosan and aquatic organisms. The current study sought to evaluate the effects of the interaction between microplastics and triclosan based on a mechanistic approach in which the oyster Crassostrea brasiliana was used as a model. The organisms were exposed to three conditions: the control, microplastic (MP), and microplastic contaminated with triclosan (MPT). The organisms were exposed for 3 or 7 days. After the exposure time, hemolymph was sampled for performing the neutral red retention time assay and, subsequently, the gills, digestive glands, and adductor muscles were dissected for measuring biomarkers responses (EROD, DBF, GST, GPx, GSH, lipid peroxidation, DNA strand breaks, and AChE). Our results demonstrate combined effects of MPs associated with triclosan on oyster physiology and biochemistry, as well as on lysosomal membrane stability. These results contribute to understanding the effects of contaminants of emerging concern and microplastics on aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caio Rodrigues Nobre
- Biosciences Institute, São Paulo State University, São Vicente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Barbosa Moreno
- Department of Marine Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aline Vecchio Alves
- Department of Marine Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jonas de Lima Rosa
- Department of Ecotoxicology, Santa Cecília University, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Rodrigo Brasil Choueri
- Department of Marine Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paloma Kachel Gusso-Choueri
- Biosciences Institute, São Paulo State University, São Vicente, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Ecotoxicology, Santa Cecília University, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camilo Dias Seabra Pereira
- Department of Marine Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil.
- Department of Ecotoxicology, Santa Cecília University, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil.
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79
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Iheanacho SC, Odo GE. Neurotoxicity, oxidative stress biomarkers and haematological responses in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) exposed to polyvinyl chloride microparticles. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 232:108741. [PMID: 32171890 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The aquatic environment is outrageously littered with resin pellets and particles of plastic origin which can jeopardise the health of aquatic organisms. The present study investigated the effect of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) microparticles on blood parameters, leucocytes, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant system (brain and gill) of Clarias gariepinus. C. gariepinus is a fresh water indicator species often used as model for ecotoxicological assay. Fish specimens were exposed to diets spiked with PVC microparticles (95.41 ± 4.23 μm) at the following concentrations; 0.50%, 1.50% and 3.0% and control diet for 45 days, followed by a depuration trial which lasted for 30 days. Blood and tissues (brain and gill) were sampled every 15 days interval for haematology, antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation assay. The result obtained revealed that PVC orchestrated the marked alterations in haematological indices. Mean cell volume and mean cell haemoglobin values reduced significantly in all concentration treated groups and were time-dependent. Neutrophil counts decreased with a corresponding increase in PVC exposure time while lymphocytes and monocytes values showed no significant difference between the control and exposed fish groups. Glutathione peroxidase activity was altered substantially in the brain and gill of the exposed groups compared to the control. Superoxide dismutase activity was inhibited in the brain and gill of the exposed groups compared to the control, as well as the different exposed periods. Catalase activity reduced significantly in the brain of 0.5% PVC exposed groups, and also decreased in a time-dependent manner while its activity in the gill did not change significantly among the exposed groups relative to the control. Lipid peroxidation levels in the brain of PVC exposed groups increased significantly in a dose and time-dependent manner. However, PVC caused no significantly change in the gill lipid peroxidation level of the exposed fish, but elevated the lipid peroxidation levels as the exposure time increased. Acetylcholinesterase activity in the brain and gill of the exposed fish reduced substantially with increase in the exposure time. Variations in haematology, antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation and acetylcholinesterase activities are indicative of oxidative stress and neurotoxicity in fish. C. gariepinus is an indispensable bioindicator to measure environmental impact of PVC microparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley C Iheanacho
- Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu Alike Ikwo, Nigeria; Department of Zoology, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Nigeria.
| | - Gregory E Odo
- Department of Zoology, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Nigeria
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80
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Iheanacho SC, Odo GE. Dietary exposure to polyvinyl chloride microparticles induced oxidative stress and hepatic damage in Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:21159-21173. [PMID: 32266633 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08611-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) microparticles (MP) on hepatic antioxidant enzymes activities, serum biochemical and liver histology of juvenile Clarias gariepinus. A total of 180 (25.15 g average weight) C. gariepinus were fed PVC MP (95.41 ± 4.23 μm) spiked diets at 0.5, 1.5, 3.0 percentage inclusion levels and a control diet for 45 days of exposure, then followed by 30 days of depuration trials. Fish specimens (9) from each treatment were sampled every 15-day interval for serum biochemical, liver antioxidant enzymes and histopathological assay. Glucose and triglyceride levels increased significantly in PVC-treated groups when compared with the control. Protein levels of 0.5% and 3.0% PVC-treated groups reduced significantly on the 15th and 30th day exposure periods, while serum enzyme activities of all PVC-treated groups increased significantly in a time-dependent manner. Antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase) activity in the liver of the treated groups also decreased progressively in a time-dependent manner. A time-dependent elevation in lipid peroxidation levels was observed in PVC MP-treated groups. Histopathological assessment of the fish liver showed mild to severe levels of glycogen depletion, fatty vacuolation and degeneration, hepatocellular necrosis in PVC-treated groups with reference to the control. The present study revealed that PVC microplastic induced oxidative damage and hepatic histopathological alterations in the exposed fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley C Iheanacho
- Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu-Alike, Ikwo, Ebonyi, Nigeria.
- Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria.
| | - Gregory E Odo
- Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria
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Heinrich P, Hanslik L, Kämmer N, Braunbeck T. The tox is in the detail: technical fundamentals for designing, performing, and interpreting experiments on toxicity of microplastics and associated substances. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:22292-22318. [PMID: 32335837 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08859-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Over the last 10 years, there has been a plethora of experimental studies estimating the potential of microplastic particles (MPs) to exert toxic effects in the environment, many specifically focusing on their postulated capacity to enhance the transfer of environmental pollutants into organisms after ingestion. Obviously, there is little to no consensus on appropriate experimental design, which is mainly owing to the novelty, the interdisciplinarity of the subject, and the complexity of parameters involved. This results in fundamental discrepancies regarding the materials applied, the approach for spiking MPs with pollutants, and the exact exposure scenario. Aiming for a non-chemist audience and providing illustrative, representative, and comparative examples, this review first outlines the theoretical essentials of processes involved in sorption. Also, it discusses the implications for designing experimental approaches using MPs and interpreting the results obtained under consideration of their relevance for environmental conditions. It may help to improve the interpretation of studies on MP toxicity already published, while also calling experimenters' attention to various aspects important to consider when designing and performing environmentally relevant experiments with MPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Heinrich
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Section, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 504, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Lisa Hanslik
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Section, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 504, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nadine Kämmer
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Section, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 504, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Braunbeck
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Section, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 504, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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Du J, Xu S, Zhou Q, Li H, Fu L, Tang J, Wang Y, Peng X, Xu Y, Du X. A review of microplastics in the aquatic environmental: distribution, transport, ecotoxicology, and toxicological mechanisms. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:11494-11505. [PMID: 32088821 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08104-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The interactions between microplastics (MPs) and aquatic organisms are becoming increasingly frequent due to the extensive distribution of MPs in aquatic environments. MPs from the aquatic environment tend to accumulate and move through living organisms. Therefore, MPs can affect human health though the food chain and human consumption. In this brief review, the environmental distribution, sources, and transport of MPs are reviewed, and the potential consequences of the presence of MPs in the aquatic environment to human food are discussed. This review also summarized the toxicity effects and toxicity mechanisms of MPs based on various environmentally relevant test species and discussed the combined toxicity effects of MPs and various pollutants in aquatic ecosystems. The knowledge of the adverse effects on combined toxicity and the mechanism of MPs toxicity are very limited. Thus, a systematic assessment of the aquatic environmental risk in various species from MPs is challenging. In the end, we identify the knowledge gaps that need to be filled and provide suggestions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Du
- Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, 1158, Baiyang Rd., Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shaodan Xu
- Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, 1158, Baiyang Rd., Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingwei Zhou
- Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, 1158, Baiyang Rd., Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Huanxuan Li
- Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, 1158, Baiyang Rd., Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Fu
- Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, 1158, Baiyang Rd., Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China.
| | - Junhong Tang
- Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, 1158, Baiyang Rd., Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yangyang Wang
- Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, 1158, Baiyang Rd., Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Peng
- Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, 1158, Baiyang Rd., Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuting Xu
- Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, 1158, Baiyang Rd., Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinpeng Du
- Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, 1158, Baiyang Rd., Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China
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83
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Ben Othmen K, Elfalleh W, García Beltrán JM, Esteban MÁ, Haddad M. An in vitro study of the effect of carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) leaf extracts on gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.) leucocyte activities. Antioxidant, cytotoxic and bactericidal properties. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 99:35-43. [PMID: 32032761 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Carob leaves, the main residues of the carob tree, were investigated as a renewable and abundant source of bioactive compounds for fish aquaculture. Aqueous and ethanolic extracts obtained from carob leaves were characterized in terms of biochemical composition, antiradical and cytotoxic effects and immunostimulant and antibacterial activities. The ethanolic extract showed higher levels of total phenolics, flavonoids and condensed tannins and higher antioxidant activity than the aqueous extract. No significant immunostimulant effects were observed on gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) head kidney leucocytes (viability, phagocytosis and respiratory burst activities and peroxidase content) after incubation for 24 h with different extracts. Furthermore, the ethanolic extracts used at 0.5, 0.75 and 1 mg mL-1 and aqueous extracts at 1 g mL-1 had a cytotoxic effect on PLHC-1 cells. When the bactericidal activity was tested against three fish pathogenic bacteria (Vibrio harveyi, Vibrio anguillarum and Photobacterium damselae) notable activity of the different extracts was detected against P. damselae at all three concentrations. A similar effect was demonstrated against V. haryeri when ethanolic extracts were used in the same range of concentrations. This work demonstrates interesting in vitro effects of carob leaf extracts and suggests it could be used as an alternative to chemical compounds with farmed fish. The concentration and nature of the extracts were very important in terms of any positive results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khajida Ben Othmen
- Laboratoire d'Aridocultures et des Cultures Oasiennes, Institut des Régions Arides, Nahel, Gabès, 6051, Tunisia
| | - Walid Elfalleh
- Unité de Recherche Catalyse et Matériaux pour l'Environnement et les Procédés URCMEP (UR11ES85), Faculté des Sciences de Gabès/Université de Gabès, Campus Universitaire Cité Erriadh, Gabès, 6072, Tunisia
| | - José María García Beltrán
- Fish Innate Immune System Group. Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - M Ángeles Esteban
- Fish Innate Immune System Group. Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Mansour Haddad
- Laboratoire d'Aridocultures et des Cultures Oasiennes, Institut des Régions Arides, Nahel, Gabès, 6051, Tunisia
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84
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Wu S, Wu M, Tian D, Qiu L, Li T. Effects of polystyrene microbeads on cytotoxicity and transcriptomic profiles in human Caco-2 cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2020; 35:495-506. [PMID: 31797534 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) pollution is a global paradigm that raises concern in relation to environment and human health. In order to investigate the molecular toxicity mechanisms of MPs, transcriptomic analyses were performed on in vitro Caco-2 cell model. After observing that polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs) decreased cell viability in a dose-dependent manner, the responsible genes and involved pathways that might make contribution to PS-MBs-induced toxicity to Caco-2 cells were identified with Illumina RNA seq. A total of 442 genes including, 210 up-regulated ones and 232 down-regulated ones, showed differential expression after treatment by PS-MPs with a concentration of 12.5 mg L-1 or 50.0 mg L-1 for 24 hours. Gene Ontology (GO) annotation enriched unigenes can be grouped into three separated clusters: cellular component (CC), biological process (BP), and molecular function (MF). The dominate pathways related to NF-κB, MAPK signaling, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, and toll-like receptor were strongly influenced by PS-MBs. These pathways are involved in modulating cell inflammatory and proliferation. The qPCR were applied to investigate the transcriptional level of five proliferation related genes (Ras, ERK, MER, CDK4, Cyclin D1) and four inflammation related genes (TRPV1, iNOS, IL-1β, IL-8), and the results were consistent with RNA-seq data. This study has provided new insight into the understanding of the toxicity effects of PS-MBs-induced intestinal inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijin Wu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Wu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongcan Tian
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lequan Qiu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Tongtong Li
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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85
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Ruiz-Palacios M, Almeida M, Martins MA, Oliveira M, Esteban MÁ, Cuesta A. Establishment of a brain cell line (FuB-1) from mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus) and its application to fish virology, immunity and nanoplastics toxicology. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 708:134821. [PMID: 31791770 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The marine fish mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus), extensively used as research model, including in ecotoxicology, for over a century has been surpassed by other fish species. This fact may be associated with the lack of cell lines from this species, excellent models for the comprehension of fish physiology, immunology, toxicology and virology, that contribute to the reduction in the number of animals used in research. We have generated, for the first time, a brain-derived cell line from mummichog, FuB-1, and evaluated its application to the fields of fish virology, immunity and toxicology. First, FuB-1 cells show epithelial morphology and neural stem/astroglial origin. Secondly, FuB-1 cells effectively supports the replication of both spring viremia carp (SVCV) and infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPNV) viruses, but not nodavirus (NNV), indicating its potential use for fish virology. Related to this, FuB-1 cells infected with NNV up-regulate the transcription of genes related to the antiviral immune response, leading to cell resistance; while they are unaltered when infected with IPNV and SVCV, facilitating viral replication. Finally, FuB-1 cells were used for toxicological purposes and we demonstrated that exposure to either polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-100) or several human-usage pharmaceuticals are cytotoxic. Additionally, PS-100 particles increase the antioxidant catalase and glutathione S-transferase activities and decrease the total non-protein thiols in FuB-1 cells. However, PS-100 particles are able to reduce the cytotoxic effects induced by the pharmaceuticals. In conclusion, we have generated a cell line from mummichog, which might represent a valuable model for fish studies in the fields of virology, immunology and toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Ruiz-Palacios
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cellular Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Mónica Almeida
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Manuel A Martins
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Miguel Oliveira
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - María Ángeles Esteban
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cellular Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Alberto Cuesta
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cellular Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
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86
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Bucci K, Tulio M, Rochman CM. What is known and unknown about the effects of plastic pollution: A meta-analysis and systematic review. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2020; 30:e02044. [PMID: 31758826 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
As a consequence of the global ubiquity of plastic pollution, scientists, decision-makers, and the public often ask whether macroplastics (>5 mm) and microplastics (<5 mm) have a realized ecological threat. In 2016, we conducted a systematic review of the literature and made a call for further research testing hypotheses about ecological effects. In the subsequent years, the amount of relevant research has risen tremendously. Here, we reassess the literature to determine the current weight of evidence about the effects of plastic pollution across all levels of biological organization. Our data spans marine, freshwater, and terrestrial environments. We extracted data from 139 lab and field studies testing 577 independent effects across a variety of taxa and with various types, sizes, and shapes of plastic. Overall, 59% of the tested effects were detected. Of these, 58% were due to microplastics and 42% were due to macroplastics. Of the effects that were not detected, 94% were from microplastics and 6% were from macroplastics. We found evidence that whether or not an effect is detected, as well as the severity and direction of the effect, is driven by dose, particle shape, polymer type, and particle size. Based on our analyses, there is no doubt that macroplastics are causing ecological effects, however, the effects of microplastics are much more complex. We also assessed the environmental relevancy of experimental studies by comparing the doses used in each exposure to the concentrations and sizes of microplastics found in the environment. We determined that only 17% of the concentrations used in experimental studies have been found in nature, and that 80% of particle sizes used in experiments fall below the size range of the majority of environmental sampling. Based on our systematic review and meta-analysis, we make a call for future work that recognizes the complexity of microplastics and designs tests to better understand how different types, sizes, shapes, doses, and exposure durations affect wildlife. We also call for more ecologically and environmentally relevant studies, particularly in freshwater and terrestrial environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Bucci
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto-St. George Campus, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - M Tulio
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto-St. George Campus, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - C M Rochman
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto-St. George Campus, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3B2, Canada
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87
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Yong CQY, Valiyaveettil S, Tang BL. Toxicity of Microplastics and Nanoplastics in Mammalian Systems. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17051509. [PMID: 32111046 PMCID: PMC7084551 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17051509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 337] [Impact Index Per Article: 84.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Fragmented or otherwise miniaturized plastic materials in the form of micro- or nanoplastics have been of nagging environmental concern. Perturbation of organismal physiology and behavior by micro- and nanoplastics have been widely documented for marine invertebrates. Some of these effects are also manifested by larger marine vertebrates such as fishes. More recently, possible effects of micro- and nanoplastics on mammalian gut microbiota as well as host cellular and metabolic toxicity have been reported in mouse models. Human exposure to micro- and nanoplastics occurs largely through ingestion, as these are found in food or derived from food packaging, but also in a less well-defined manner though inhalation. The pathophysiological consequences of acute and chronic micro- and nanoplastics exposure in the mammalian system, particularly humans, are yet unclear. In this review, we focus on the recent findings related to the potential toxicity and detrimental effects of micro- and nanoplastics as demonstrated in mouse models as well as human cell lines. The prevailing data suggest that micro- and nanoplastics accumulation in mammalian and human tissues would likely have negative, yet unclear long-term consequences. There is a need for cellular and systemic toxicity due to micro- and nanoplastics to be better illuminated, and the underlying mechanisms defined by further work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl Qian Ying Yong
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117596, Singapore;
| | - Suresh Valiyaveettil
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore;
| | - Bor Luen Tang
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117596, Singapore;
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +65-6516-1040
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88
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Wang B, Wang H, Han D, Yin Y. Screening toxicological effects of different contaminants using hepatic homogenates-based ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase in vitro. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 705:135775. [PMID: 31806302 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we demonstrated the potential of an in vitro method of liver homogenate-based ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) to determine the toxicological effects of multiple kinds of contaminants. We evaluated the in vitro impact of nine pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs), 13 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and three polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). There were different responses of EROD to these contaminants. The response of EROD to PhACs was quite complex, exhibiting both induction and inhibition effects. PAHs and PCBs elicited a strong inhibitory response on EROD activity at high concentrations in a dose-dependent manner. PAHs showed more inhibitory effects as the number of benzene rings increased. Our in vitro bioassay seems to be a potential method for toxicological screening of multiple types of contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biyan Wang
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Daxiong Han
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Yan Yin
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China
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89
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Ahrendt C, Perez-Venegas DJ, Urbina M, Gonzalez C, Echeveste P, Aldana M, Pulgar J, Galbán-Malagón C. Microplastic ingestion cause intestinal lesions in the intertidal fish Girella laevifrons. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 151:110795. [PMID: 32056590 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.110795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We exposed juvenile intertidal fish to different amounts of Poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene) microplastics in their diet. We fed ten individuals with pellets containing 0.01 g, another ten fish with pellets containing 0.1 g of PS, and ten fish without plastic as control. After 45 days of treatment, the whole intestine was removed, and the histological evaluation started immediately. We evaluated inflammation due to leukocyte infiltration (Lk), circulatory disorders like Hypermeia (Hyp), and regressive changes in the intestinal tissue, assessing Crypt cell loss (Ccl) and Villi cell loss (Vcl). The severity of the lesions increased according to the microplastic concentration. In the fish group feeding on microplastics, we found that leukocyte infiltration and hyperemia were more severe in the higher exposure group compared to the lower exposure; and crypt cell loss and villi cell loss increased significantly due to Poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene) microplastic physical abrasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ahrendt
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Avda República 252, Santiago, Chile; Plastic Oceans Foundation, 23832 Malibu Road Ste# 50-205, Malibu, CA 90265, United States of America
| | - D J Perez-Venegas
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Avda República 252, Santiago, Chile; Programa de Doctorado en Medicina de la Conservación, Facultad de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - M Urbina
- Departamento de Zoología, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile; Instituto Milenio de Oceanografia (IMO), Universidad de Concepcion, Chile
| | - C Gonzalez
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - P Echeveste
- Instituto Milenio de Oceanografia (IMO), Universidad de Concepcion, Chile; Instituto de Ciencias Naturales Alexander von Humboldt, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Recursos Biológicos, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - M Aldana
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación para el Cambio Climático (CiiCC), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Ejército 146, Santiago, Chile; Doctorado en Conservación y Gestión de la Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Ejército 146, Santiago, Chile
| | - J Pulgar
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Avda República 252, Santiago, Chile.
| | - C Galbán-Malagón
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Avda República 252, Santiago, Chile; GEMA Center for Genomics, Ecology & Environment, Universidad Mayor, Camino La Pirámide 5750, Huechuraba, Santiago, Chile.
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90
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Revel M, Yakovenko N, Caley T, Guillet C, Châtel A, Mouneyrac C. Accumulation and immunotoxicity of microplastics in the estuarine worm Hediste diversicolor in environmentally relevant conditions of exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:3574-3583. [PMID: 30353435 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3497-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The presence of plastic debris < 5 mm called microplastics (MPs) which results mainly from macroplastic's fragmentation has been reported in aquatic ecosystems. Several studies have shown that MPs are persistent and their accumulation was observed in various aquatic species. However, the majority of studies focused on marine species, and much less on continental and estuarine biota. The goal of the present study was to investigate the effects of a mixture of two types of MPs (polyethylene and polypropylene), frequently found in natural environments, towards the ragworm Hediste diversicolor to determine their accumulation in organisms exposed through the water phase or sediment. Two concentrations of exposure were selected for medium and heavily contaminated areas reported for water phase (10 and 100 μg/L) and sediment (10 and 50 mg of MPs/kg). To study the potential toxic effect of MPs, immune parameters were selected since they are involved in many defense mechanisms against xenobiotics or infectious agents. An average number of MP items/worm ranging from 0 to 2.5 and from 1 to 36 were identified in animals exposed to the lowest and the highest concentration of MPs through water exposure. In worms exposed through sediment, less than 1 MP/worm was found and a greater number of particles were identified in depurated sediment. For immunotoxic impact, MP exposure induced a decrease in coelomocytes viability, but no alteration of phagocytosis activity, phenoloxydase, and acid phosphatase was measured. This study brings new results on the potential accumulation and immunotoxicity of MPs for the ragworm H. diversicolor who plays a key role in the structure and functioning of estuarine ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Messika Revel
- Laboratoire Mer, Molécules, Santé (MMS EA2160), Université Catholique de l'Ouest, Angers, France.
| | - Nadiia Yakovenko
- Laboratoire Mer, Molécules, Santé (MMS EA2160), Université Catholique de l'Ouest, Angers, France
| | - Timothy Caley
- Laboratoire Mer, Molécules, Santé (MMS EA2160), Université Catholique de l'Ouest, Angers, France
| | - Catherine Guillet
- Plateforme d'Analyse Cellulaire et Moléculaire, IBS-IRIS-Université d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Amélie Châtel
- Laboratoire Mer, Molécules, Santé (MMS EA2160), Université Catholique de l'Ouest, Angers, France
| | - Catherine Mouneyrac
- Laboratoire Mer, Molécules, Santé (MMS EA2160), Université Catholique de l'Ouest, Angers, France
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91
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Binelli A, Pietrelli L, Di Vito S, Coscia L, Sighicelli M, Torre CD, Parenti CC, Magni S. Hazard evaluation of plastic mixtures from four Italian subalpine great lakes on the basis of laboratory exposures of zebra mussels. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 699:134366. [PMID: 31683209 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Studies related to the evaluation of plastics in freshwaters have been increasing in recent years because approximately 80% of plastic items found in the sea are from inland waters. Despite the ecological relevance of these surveys, no information has been available until now about the hazard related to plastic mixtures in freshwaters. To fill this knowledge gap, we carried out a study aimed to assess the environmental risk associated with the "cocktail" of plastics and environmental pollutants adsorbed on their surface in one of the larger European freshwater basins. Plastic debris was collected by a manta trawl along one transect each in four of the Italian subalpine great lakes (Lake Maggiore, Como, Iseo and Garda) and administered to zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha), a useful freshwater biological model present in all these lakes. We estimated a plastic density from 4908 MPs/km2 (Lake Iseo) to 272,261 MPs/km2 (Lake Maggiore), while the most common polymers found were polyethylene and polypropylene, with percentages varying between 73% and 100%. A biomarkers suite consisting of 10 different endpoints was performed after 7 days of exposure to investigate the molecular and cellular effects of plastics and related adsorbed pollutants. The main results highlighted a diffuse but different toxicity due to plastics for each lake, and there were significant changes in the antioxidant and detoxifying enzyme activities in Lake Maggiore, Iseo and Garda, an increase in protein carbonylation in L. Como, and a cellular viability decrease of approximately 30% for zebra mussels from L. Iseo and Garda. Despite this variability in the endpoints' responses, the application of the biomarker response index showed a similar environmental hazard due to plastics for all the sampled lakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Binelli
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Loris Pietrelli
- ENEA, CR Casaccia, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123 S. Maria di Galeria, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Di Vito
- Legambiente, Legambiente Onlus, Via Salaria 403, 00199, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Coscia
- Legambiente, Legambiente Onlus, Via Salaria 403, 00199, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Sighicelli
- ENEA, CR Casaccia, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123 S. Maria di Galeria, Rome, Italy
| | - Camilla Della Torre
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Magni
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
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92
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Banaee M, Soltanian S, Sureda A, Gholamhosseini A, Haghi BN, Akhlaghi M, Derikvandy A. Evaluation of single and combined effects of cadmium and micro-plastic particles on biochemical and immunological parameters of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 236:124335. [PMID: 31325830 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.07.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The growing accumulation of microplastics (MPs) in aquatic environments is a global concern. MPs are capable to interact with other environmental contaminants, including heavy metals, altering their toxicity. The aim of the study was to investigate the sub-lethal effects of cadmium chloride (Cd) alone and in combination with MPs on common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Multi-biomarkers, including plasma biochemical parameters and intrinsic immunological factors, were measured after 30 days of exposure. Exposure to Cd or NPs reduced the plasma activities of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and gamma-glutamyl-transferase (GGT) and increased aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Exposure to both compounds enhanced the observed effects except for AST activity and ALP at the highest concentrations, whereas evidenced an antagonistic interaction in ALT. Plasma total protein, albumin, and globulin levels were decreased, and the levels of glucose, triglyceride, and cholesterol levels increased mainly in the Cd groups with no additional effects derived from the co-exposure to both stressors. Lysozyme and alternative complement (ACH50) activities and the levels of total immunoglobulins, and complement C3 and C4 in fish exposed to Cd and MPs were lower than those in the control group and this decrease was more significant by the mixture of both compounds. These findings showed that the exposure to Cd or MPs alone is toxic to fish altering the biochemical and immunological parameters. Moreover, these alterations are even greater when the Cd and the MPS are combined suggesting synergistic effects in increasing Cd toxicity and vice versa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Banaee
- Aquaculture Department, Faculty of Natural Resources and the Environment, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Behbahan, Iran.
| | - Siyavash Soltanian
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Antoni Sureda
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, Department of Fundamental Biology and Health Sciences, and CIBEROBN Fisiopatología de La Obesidad La Nutrición, University of Balearic Islands, 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
| | - Amin Gholamhosseini
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Behzad Nematdoost Haghi
- Aquaculture Department, Faculty of Natural Resources and the Environment, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Behbahan, Iran
| | - Mostafa Akhlaghi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Azam Derikvandy
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Iran
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93
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Espinosa C, Esteban MÁ, Cuesta A. Dietary administration of PVC and PE microplastics produces histological damage, oxidative stress and immunoregulation in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 95:574-583. [PMID: 31683003 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.10.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide, plastic waste is increasingly being discharged into the oceans, where it breaks down into smaller particles. Of these particles, the ingestion of microplastics (MPs; particles smaller than 5 mm) have been documented in some aquatic animals, including fish, whose health and welfare suffer as a consequence. However, their precise effects are not completely understood. To shed light on this issue, European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) specimens were fed diets containing 0 (control), 100 or 500 mg polyvinylchloride (PVC) or polyethylene (PE) MPs kg-1 diet for three weeks, after which samples of liver, intestine, skin mucus and head kidney (HK) were obtained. A histological study of the liver and intestine revealed important alterations in the fish fed the MP diets, compared with control fish. At a functional level, PE-MPs, but not PVC-MPs, decreased the activity of antioxidant enzymes, suggesting a certain level of oxidative stress. As regards immunity, the intake of PVC-MPs increased the phagocytic and respiratory burst activities of HK leucocytes whilst the intake of PE-MPs increased skin mucus immunoglobulin M levels and the respiratory burst activity of leucocytes. The results suggest that the short-medium term intake of PVC- or PE-MPs by fish slightly depresses their immunity and produces oxidative stress. However, based on the histological alterations found, it seems that longer exposure times might lead to irreversible damage that could compromise fish health and welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristóbal Espinosa
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Esteban
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Alberto Cuesta
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
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94
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Rodrigues MO, Abrantes N, Gonçalves FJM, Nogueira H, Marques JC, Gonçalves AMM. Impacts of plastic products used in daily life on the environment and human health: What is known? ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2019; 72:103239. [PMID: 31472322 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2019.103239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Plastics are indispensable and persistent materials used in daily life that can be fragmented into micro- or nanoplastics. They are long polymer chains mixed with additives that can be toxic when in contact with distinct species. The toxicity can result from polymer matrix, additives, degradation products and adsorbed contaminants. Notwithstanding, there is still an immense gap of information concerning the individual and mixed impacts of plastics. Hence, in this study, we characterize the most common plastic materials widely used in our daily life by its polymer type and compile the environmental and human health hazards of these polymers including the impacts of monomers, additives, degradation products and adsorbed contaminants based on literature review. In summary, polyvinyl chloride is the most toxic polymer type used daily (monomer and additives); additives are more toxic than monomers to wildlife and humans; and the most toxic additives are benzene, phthalates and lead stabilisers.
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Affiliation(s)
- M O Rodrigues
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - N Abrantes
- Department of Environment and Planning & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - F J M Gonçalves
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - H Nogueira
- Department of Chemistry & CICECO, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - J C Marques
- MARE, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A M M Gonçalves
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; MARE, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
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95
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Gouin T, Becker RA, Collot A, Davis JW, Howard B, Inawaka K, Lampi M, Ramon BS, Shi J, Hopp PW. Toward the Development and Application of an Environmental Risk Assessment Framework for Microplastic. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2019; 38:2087-2100. [PMID: 31233238 PMCID: PMC6852392 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Emissions of plastic waste to the environment and the subsequent degradation into microplastic particles that have the potential to interact with biological organisms represent a concern for global society. Current understanding of the potential impacts on aquatic and terrestrial population stability and ecosystem structure and function associated with emissions of microplastic particles is limited and insufficient to fully assess environmental risks. Multistakeholder discussions can provide an important element in helping to identify and prioritize key knowledge gaps in assessing potential risks. In the present review, we summarize multistakeholder discussions from a 1-d International Council of Chemical Associations-sponsored symposium, which involved 39 scientists from 8 countries with representatives from academia, industry, and government. Participants were asked to consider the following: discuss the scientific merits and limitations of applying a proposed conceptual environmental risk assessment (ERA) framework for microplastic particles and identify and prioritize major research needs in applying ERA tools for microplastic particles. Multistakeholder consensus was obtained with respect to the interpretation of the current state of the science related to effects and exposure to microplastic particles, which implies that it is unlikely that the presence of microplastic in the environment currently represents a risk. However, the quality and quantity of existing data require substantial improvement before conclusions regarding the potential risks and impacts of microplastic particles can be fully assessed. Research that directly addresses the development and application of methods that strengthen the quality of data should thus be given the highest priority. Activities aimed at supporting the development of and access to standardized reference material were identified as a key research need. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:2087-2100. © 2019 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd Gouin
- TG Environmental Research, SharnbrookUnited Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Mark Lampi
- ExxonMobil Biomedical SciencesAnnandaleNew JerseyUSA
| | | | - Jay Shi
- Procter & Gamble, CincinnatiOhioUSA
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96
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Jeong J, Choi J. Adverse outcome pathways potentially related to hazard identification of microplastics based on toxicity mechanisms. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 231:249-255. [PMID: 31129406 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Increasing concern over microplastics has recently brought increased attention to studies on microplastic toxicity. Here, we conduct a systematic review on toxicity of microplastics that focuses on identifying data gaps in the mechanisms of microplastic toxicity. We observe that microplastic toxicology research thus far has focused on ecotoxicity using apical endpoints and only a few studies deal with toxicity mechanisms. Based on this review, we propose putative Adverse Outcome Pathways (AOPs) applicable to microplastic management to understand microplastic toxicity. We matched toxicity mechanisms and apical endpoints to a key event (KE) and adverse outcome (AO) information from the AOP Wiki. Overall, our results suggest that the molecular initiating event (MIE) was reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and the AO was increased mortality, decreased growth and feeding, and reproduction failure. However, there are a limited number of studies on toxicity mechanisms of microplastics and, therefore, evidence concerning the relationship between KEs is not sufficient. Clearly, more studies on toxicity mechanisms are required to fill these gaps in data. This study also suggests that the AOP framework is a suitable tool to integrate existing data from various literature sources and can identify data gaps in microplastic toxicity mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeseong Jeong
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, 163 Seoulsiripdae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02504, South Korea
| | - Jinhee Choi
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, 163 Seoulsiripdae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02504, South Korea.
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97
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Hanachi P, Karbalaei S, Walker TR, Cole M, Hosseini SV. Abundance and properties of microplastics found in commercial fish meal and cultured common carp (Cyprinus carpio). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:23777-23787. [PMID: 31209753 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05637-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are environmental contaminants that are of increasing global concern. This study investigated the presence of MPs in four varieties of marine-derived commercial fish meal, followed by identification of their polymer composition using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Exposure experiments were conducted on cultured common carp (Cyprinus carpio) by feeding four varieties of commercially available fish meal to determine relationships between abundance and properties of MPs found both in meal and in those transferred to cultured common carp. Mean particle sizes were 452 ± 161 μm (± SD). Fragments were the predominant shape of MP found in fish meal (67%) and C. carpio gastrointestinal tract and gills (65%), and polypropylene and polystyrene were the most present plastic polymers found in fish meal (45% and 24%, respectively) and C. carpio (37% and 33%, respectively). Positive relationships were found between MP levels in fish meal and C. carpio. This study highlights that marine-derived fish meal may be a source of MPs which can be transferred to cultured fish, thus posing a concern for aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parichehr Hanachi
- Department of Biology, Biochemistry Unit, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samaneh Karbalaei
- Department of Biology, Biochemistry Unit, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Tony R Walker
- School for Resource and Environmental Studies, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Matthew Cole
- Marine Ecology and Biodiversity group, Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Plymouth, PL1 3DH, UK
| | - Seyed V Hosseini
- Department of Fisheries, College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, Tehran University, Karaj, Iran
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98
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Almeida M, Martins MA, Soares AMV, Cuesta A, Oliveira M. Polystyrene nanoplastics alter the cytotoxicity of human pharmaceuticals on marine fish cell lines. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2019; 69:57-65. [PMID: 30953935 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2019.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
There is an increasing concern on the consequences of the presence of micro(nano)plastics to marine organisms. The present study aimed to provide information on the effects of polystyrene nanoplastics (PSNPs) to fish cells alone and combined with human pharmaceuticals, other emerging contaminants, using as biological models marine fish cell lines SAF-1 and DLB-1. Cells were exposed for 24 h to 100 nm PSNPs, starting at 0.001 up to 10 mg/L, to assess effects on viability and activity of catalase (antioxidant defense) and glutathione S-transferases (phase II biotransformation and antioxidant defense). The viability of cells was also evaluated after exposure to human pharmaceuticals alone and combined with PSNPs. Overall, PSNPs failed to be cytotoxic but data proved their ability to alter the toxicity of human pharmaceuticals. DLB-1 was the most sensitive cell line to PSNPs. Data support the use of marine fish cell lines in the study of the effects of micro(nano)plastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Almeida
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Manuel A Martins
- Department of Chemistry & CICECO, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Amadeu M V Soares
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Alberto Cuesta
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cellular Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Miguel Oliveira
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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99
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Wang W, Gao H, Jin S, Li R, Na G. The ecotoxicological effects of microplastics on aquatic food web, from primary producer to human: A review. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 173:110-117. [PMID: 30771654 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.01.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of microplastics in global waters raises the concern about their potential effects on aquatic biota. In aquatic environment, microplastics are almost ubiquitously present in all compartments from surface water to benthic sediment, making them accessible to a wide range of aquatic biota occupying different habitats. Exposure to microplastics may induce detrimental implications to the health of aquatic organisms. This review describes the wide occurrence of microplastics ingestion by aquatic fauna and evaluates the ecotoxicological effects of microplastics as well as the associated chemicals on aquatic biota including phytoplankton and fauna from both freshwater and marine environments. Trophic transfer of microplastics and associated contaminants along the aquatic food chain and potential impacts on human health are also discussed. Finally, this review emphasizes the current knowledge gaps and gives recommendations for the future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfeng Wang
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Hui Gao
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Shuaichen Jin
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Ruijing Li
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Guangshui Na
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China.
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100
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Pannetier P, Cachot J, Clérandeau C, Faure F, Van Arkel K, de Alencastro LF, Levasseur C, Sciacca F, Bourgeois JP, Morin B. Toxicity assessment of pollutants sorbed on environmental sample microplastics collected on beaches: Part I-adverse effects on fish cell line. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 248:1088-1097. [PMID: 30871891 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.12.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs), are tiny plastic fragments from 1 μm to 5 mm generally found in the aquatic environment which can be easily ingested by organisms and may cause chronic physical but also toxicological effects. Toxicological assays on fish cell lines are commonly used as an alternative tool to provide fast and reliable assessment of the toxic and ecotoxic properties of chemicals or mixtures. Rainbow trout liver cell line (RTLW-1) was used to evaluate the toxicity of pollutants sorbed to MPs sampled in sandy beaches from different islands around the world during the first Race for Water Odyssey in 2015. The collected MPs were analyzed for polymer composition and associated persistent organic pollutants: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT). In addition, DMSO-extracts from virgin MPs, MPs artificially coated with B[a]P and environmental MPs were analyzed with different bioassays: MTT reduction assay (MTT), ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) assay and comet assay. Microplastics from sand beaches were dominated by polyethylene, followed by polypropylene fragments with variable proportions. Organic pollutants found on plastic from beach sampling was PAHs (2-71 ng g-1). Samples from Bermuda (Somerset Long Bay) and Hawaii (Makapu'u) showed the highest concentration of PAHs and DDT respectively. No toxicity was observed for virgin microplastics. No cytotoxicity was observed on cells exposed to MP extract. However, EROD activity was induced and differently modulated depending on the MPs locations suggesting presence of different pollutants or additives in extract. DNA damage was observed after exposure to four microplastics samples on the six tested. Modification of EROD activity level and DNA damage rate highlight MPs extract toxicity on fish cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jérôme Cachot
- Univ. Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33400, Talence, France
| | | | - Florian Faure
- Central Environmental Laboratory (GR-CEL), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kim Van Arkel
- Race for Water Foundation, Lausanne, 1007, Switzerland
| | - Luiz F de Alencastro
- Central Environmental Laboratory (GR-CEL), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Clément Levasseur
- Central Environmental Laboratory (GR-CEL), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Jean-Pascal Bourgeois
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Fribourg, Switzerland
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