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Ding N, Harlow SD, Randolph Jr JF, Loch-Caruso R, Park SK. Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and their effects on the ovary. Hum Reprod Update 2020; 26:724-752. [PMID: 32476019 PMCID: PMC7456353 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmaa018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are found widespread in drinking water, foods, food packaging materials and other consumer products. Several PFAS have been identified as endocrine-disrupting chemicals based on their ability to interfere with normal reproductive function and hormonal signalling. Experimental models and epidemiologic studies suggest that PFAS exposures target the ovary and represent major risks for women's health. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE This review summarises human population and toxicological studies on the association between PFAS exposure and ovarian function. SEARCH METHODS A comprehensive review was performed by searching PubMed. Search terms included an extensive list of PFAS and health terms ranging from general keywords (e.g. ovarian, reproductive, follicle, oocyte) to specific keywords (including menarche, menstrual cycle, menopause, primary ovarian insufficiency/premature ovarian failure, steroid hormones), based on the authors' knowledge of the topic and key terms. OUTCOMES Clinical evidence demonstrates the presence of PFAS in follicular fluid and their ability to pass through the blood-follicle barrier. Although some studies found no evidence associating PFAS exposure with disruption in ovarian function, numerous epidemiologic studies, mostly with cross-sectional study designs, have identified associations of higher PFAS exposure with later menarche, irregular menstrual cycles, longer cycle length, earlier age of menopause and reduced levels of oestrogens and androgens. Adverse effects of PFAS on ovarian folliculogenesis and steroidogenesis have been confirmed in experimental models. Based on laboratory research findings, PFAS could diminish ovarian reserve and reduce endogenous hormone synthesis through activating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, disrupting gap junction intercellular communication between oocyte and granulosa cells, inducing thyroid hormone deficiency, antagonising ovarian enzyme activities involved in ovarian steroidogenesis or inhibiting kisspeptin signalling in the hypothalamus. WIDER IMPLICATIONS The published literature supports associations between PFAS exposure and adverse reproductive outcomes; however, the evidence remains insufficient to infer a causal relationship between PFAS exposure and ovarian disorders. Thus, more research is warranted. PFAS are of significant concern because these chemicals are ubiquitous and persistent in the environment and in humans. Moreover, susceptible groups, such as foetuses and pregnant women, may be exposed to harmful combinations of chemicals that include PFAS. However, the role environmental exposures play in reproductive disorders has received little attention by the medical community. To better understand the potential risk of PFAS on human ovarian function, additional experimental studies using PFAS doses equivalent to the exposure levels found in the general human population and mixtures of compounds are required. Prospective investigations in human populations are also warranted to ensure the temporality of PFAS exposure and health endpoints and to minimise the possibility of reverse causality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Ding
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Siobán D Harlow
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - John F Randolph Jr
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Rita Loch-Caruso
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sung Kyun Park
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Bangma J, Eaves LA, Oldenburg K, Reiner JL, Manuck T, Fry RC. Identifying Risk Factors for Levels of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in the Placenta in a High-Risk Pregnancy Cohort in North Carolina. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:8158-8166. [PMID: 32469207 PMCID: PMC7723450 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b07102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), a ubiquitous class of chemicals, is associated with adverse outcomes such as pre-eclampsia, low infant birth weight, and later-life adiposity. The objectives of this study were to examine PFAS levels in the placenta and identify sociodemographic risk factors in a high-risk pregnancy cohort (n = 122) in Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Of concern, PFOS, PFHxS, PFHpS, and PFUnA were detected above the reporting limit in 99, 75, 55, and 49% of placentas, respectively. Maternal race/ethnicity was associated with significant differences in PFUnA levels. While the data from this high-risk cohort did not provide evidence for an association with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, fetal growth, or gestational age, the prevalence of detectable PFAS in the placenta suggests a need to biomonitor for exposure to PFAS during pregnancy. Future research should investigate factors underlying the differences in PFAS levels in association with a mother's race/ethnicity, as well as potential effects on pregnancy and child health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Bangma
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27516, United States
| | - Lauren A Eaves
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27516, United States
| | - Kirsi Oldenburg
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27516, United States
| | - Jessica L Reiner
- Chemical Sciences Division, Hollings Marine Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 331 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, South Carolina 29412, United States
| | - Tracy Manuck
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Rebecca C Fry
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27516, United States
- Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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Liu H, Pan Y, Jin S, Li Y, Zhao L, Sun X, Cui Q, Zhang B, Zheng T, Xia W, Zhou A, Campana AM, Dai J, Xu S. Associations of per-/polyfluoroalkyl substances with glucocorticoids and progestogens in newborns. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 140:105636. [PMID: 32474218 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to per-/polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) can disrupt endocrine hormones in humans. Prior studies have focused on the harmful effects of the two traditional per-/polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). Other PFASs, used as the replacements of PFOS and PFOA, are widely and increasingly detected in humans. Whether these replacements influence glucocorticoids and progestogens in newborns remains unknown. OBJECTIVE To investigate the associations between exposures of PFOS, PFOA and their replacements and glucocorticoids and progestogens in newborns. METHODS We measured the concentrations of 13 PFASs, 3 glucocorticoids (11-deoxycortisol, cortisol and cortisone) and 2 progestogens [progesterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17OHP)] in the cord sera of 374 neonates in a birth cohort from Wuhan, China, between 2013 and 2014. We evaluated the associations of each PFAS with glucocorticoids and progestogens using multiple linear regression models, and multiple comparisons were additionally corrected via false discovery rates (FDR). RESULTS Out of the 13 PFASs, 9 were detected in over 95% of cord sera. The Chinese specific PFOS replacement - 6:2 chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonate (6:2 Cl-PFESA, trade name F-53B) was positively associated with 13.13% change in cortisol in girls (95% CI = 4.47%, 22.52%, for each IQR increase in 6:2 Cl-PFESA). Seven PFASs had positive associations with the precursor of cortisol, namely 11-deoxycortisol (percent change ranged from 6.41% to 11.24%, for each IQR increase in PFASs). Perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS) in cord sera was positively associated with progesterone in the linear model, whereas PFOS and perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) levels were associated with progesterone in the quartile models. No PFASs were related to 17OHP or cortisone. CONCLUSIONS In this study, PFOS, PFOA and/or their replacements were positively associated with progesterone, cortisol and 11-deoxycortisol in newborns. These results suggested that not only PFOS and PFOA, but also other PFASs have potential impacts on glucocorticoids and progestogens in newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxiu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (HUST), Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, Hubei, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yitao Pan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Shuna Jin
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (HUST), Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, Hubei, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (HUST), Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, Hubei, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, Hubei, PR China
| | - Liuqing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (HUST), Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, Hubei, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, Hubei, PR China
| | - Xiaojie Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (HUST), Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, Hubei, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, Hubei, PR China
| | - Qianqian Cui
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Women and Children Medical and Healthcare Center of Wuhan, Wuhan 430000, Hubei, PR China
| | - Tongzhang Zheng
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, United States
| | - Wei Xia
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (HUST), Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, Hubei, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, Hubei, PR China
| | - Aifen Zhou
- Women and Children Medical and Healthcare Center of Wuhan, Wuhan 430000, Hubei, PR China
| | | | - Jiayin Dai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China.
| | - Shunqing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (HUST), Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, Hubei, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, Hubei, PR China.
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Jensen RC, Andersen MS, Larsen PV, Glintborg D, Dalgård C, Timmermann CAG, Nielsen F, Sandberg MB, Andersen HR, Christesen HT, Grandjean P, Jensen TK. Prenatal Exposures to Perfluoroalkyl Acids and Associations with Markers of Adiposity and Plasma Lipids in Infancy: An Odense Child Cohort Study. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2020; 128:77001. [PMID: 32628516 PMCID: PMC7338787 DOI: 10.1289/ehp5184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAA) are repellants that cross the placental barrier, enabling interference with fetal programming. Maternal PFAA concentrations have been associated with offspring obesity and dyslipidemia in childhood and adulthood, but this association has not been studied in infancy. OBJECTIVES We investigated associations between maternal PFAA concentrations and repeated markers of adiposity and lipid metabolism in infancy. METHODS In the prospective Odense Child Cohort, maternal pregnancy serum concentrations of five PFAA: Perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), and perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) were measured in 649 women. Offspring were examined at birth (n=613) and at 3 months (n=602) and 18 months (n=503) of age. Total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and triglyceride were evaluated at 3 months (n=262) and 18 months (n=198) of age. Mixed effects linear regression models estimated associations between PFAA and standardized (SDS) body mass index (BMI), ponderal index, and waist circumference. Associations between PFAA and body fat% (BF%) and plasma lipids SDS at 3 months and 18 months of age were investigated with linear regression models. RESULTS PFNA and PFDA were associated with higher BMI SDS [adjusted β=0.26; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.03, 0.49 and β=0.58; 95% CI: -0.03, 1.19, respectively, for 1-ng/mL increases] and ponderal index SDS (β=0.36; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.59 and β=1.02; 95% CI: 0.40, 1.64, respectively) at 3 and 18 months of age (pooled) in girls. Corresponding estimates for boys were closer to the null but not significantly different from estimates for girls. In boys and girls (combined), PFNA and PFDA were associated with BF% at age 3 months (for 1-ng/mL PFDA, β=0.40; 95% CI: 0.04, 0.75), and PFDA was associated with total cholesterol SDS at 18 months (β=1.06; 95% CI: 0.08, 2.03) (n=83). DISCUSSION Prenatal PFAA were positively associated with longitudinal markers of adiposity and higher total cholesterol in infancy. These findings deserve attention in light of rising rates of childhood overweight conditions and dyslipidemia. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP5184.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Christian Jensen
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Pia Veldt Larsen
- Telepsychiatric Centre, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Dorte Glintborg
- Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Christine Dalgård
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Flemming Nielsen
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Helle Raun Andersen
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Henrik Thybo Christesen
- Odense Child Cohort, Hans Christian Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Philippe Grandjean
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tina Kold Jensen
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Odense Child Cohort, Hans Christian Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Odense Patient data Exploratory Network (OPEN), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Shin HM, Bennett DH, Calafat AM, Tancredi D, Hertz-Picciotto I. Modeled prenatal exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in association with child autism spectrum disorder: A case-control study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 186:109514. [PMID: 32353786 PMCID: PMC7363534 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) display neurobehavioral toxicity in laboratory animal studies. We examined associations of modeled prenatal maternal exposure to PFAS with child diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). METHODS Participants were 453 mother-child pairs from CHARGE (CHildhood Autism Risk from Genetics and Environment), a population-based case-control study. Children underwent psychometric testing and were clinically confirmed for ASD (n = 239) or typical development (TD, n = 214). At the end of the clinic visit, maternal blood specimens were collected. We quantified nine PFAS in maternal serum samples collected when their child was 2-5 years old. As surrogate in utero exposure, we used a model built from external prospective data in pregnancy and 24 months post-partum and then reconstructed maternal PFAS serum concentrations during pregnancy in this case-control sample. We used logistic regression to evaluate associations of modeled prenatal maternal PFAS concentrations with child ASD. RESULTS Modeled prenatal maternal perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) were borderline associated with increased odds of child diagnosis of ASD (per nanogram per milliliter increase: odds ratio [OR] = 1.46; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.98, 2.18 for PFHxS, OR = 1.03; 95% CI: 0.99, 1.08 for PFOS). When compared to the lowest quartile (reference category), the highest quartile of modeled prenatal maternal PFHxS was associated with increased odds of child diagnosis of ASD (OR = 1.95; 95% CI: 1.02, 3.72). CONCLUSIONS In analyses where modeled prenatal maternal PFAS serum concentrations served as in utero exposure, we observed that prenatal PFHxS and PFOS exposure, but not other PFAS, were borderline associated with increased odds of child diagnosis of ASD. Further studies in which PFAS concentrations are prospectively measured in mothers and children at a range of developmental stages are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeong-Moo Shin
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas, Arlington, TX, USA.
| | - Deborah H Bennett
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Daniel Tancredi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Irva Hertz-Picciotto
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; UC Davis MIND (Medical Investigations of Neurodevelopmental Disorders) Institute, Sacramento, CA, USA
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Birth weight and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid: a random-effects meta-regression analysis. Environ Epidemiol 2020; 4:e095. [PMID: 33778349 PMCID: PMC7941775 DOI: 10.1097/ee9.0000000000000095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) is a ubiquitous environmental contaminant. Most people in developed countries have detectable serum concentrations. Lower birth weight has been associated with serum PFOS in studies world-wide, many of which have been published only recently.
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Li J, Cai D, Chu C, Li Q, Zhou Y, Hu L, Yang B, Dong G, Zeng X, Chen D. Transplacental Transfer of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs): Differences between Preterm and Full-Term Deliveries and Associations with Placental Transporter mRNA Expression. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:5062-5070. [PMID: 32208722 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c00829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies demonstrated that per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) can cross the human placental barrier. However, their transplacental transfer efficiencies (TTEs) have not been investigated in preterm delivery, and the role of placental transport proteins has rarely been explored. Our study hypothesized that the TTEs of PFASs could differ between preterm and full-term deliveries, and some placental transporters could be involved in active maternofetal PFAS transfer. In the present study, the median TTEs of 16 individual PFAS chemicals or isomers were determined to be 0.23 to 1.72 in matched maternal-cord serum pairs with preterm delivery (N = 86), which were significantly lower than those (0.35 to 2.26) determined in full-term delivery (N = 187). Significant associations were determined between the TTEs of several PFASs and the mRNA expression levels of selected transporters located on the brush border membrane. The association patterns also significantly differed between preterm and full-term deliveries and exhibited a chemical-specific manner. For example, the expression of MRP2 exhibited significantly positive associations with the TTEs of linear and branched perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) isomers in full-term delivery, but negative, nonsignificant associations were observed in preterm delivery. This is the first study to compare the transplacental transfer of PFASs between preterm and full-term deliveries and indicate that some placental transport proteins could be involved in active transmission. The mechanisms underlying the cross-placental transfer of PFASs require further investigations to better elucidate their risks to fetal health and birth outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Dan Cai
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chu Chu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Qingqing Li
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Liwen Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Boyi Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Guanghui Dong
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xiaowen Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Da Chen
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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Jensen RC, Glintborg D, Gade Timmermann CA, Nielsen F, Kyhl HB, Frederiksen H, Andersson AM, Juul A, Sidelmann JJ, Andersen HR, Grandjean P, Andersen MS, Jensen TK. Prenatal exposure to perfluorodecanoic acid is associated with lower circulating concentration of adrenal steroid metabolites during mini puberty in human female infants. The Odense Child Cohort. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 182:109101. [PMID: 32069767 PMCID: PMC7117803 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.109101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fetal programming of the endocrine system may be affected by exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAAs), as they easily cross the placental barrier. In vitro studies suggest that PFAAs may disrupt steroidogenesis. "Mini puberty" refers to a transient surge in circulating androgens, androgen precursors, and gonadotropins in infant girls and boys within the first postnatal months. We hypothesize that prenatal PFAA exposure may decrease the concentrations of androgens in mini puberty. OBJECTIVES To investigate associations between maternal serum PFAA concentrations in early pregnancy and serum concentrations of androgens, their precursors, and gonadotropins during mini puberty in infancy. METHODS In the prospective Odense Child Cohort, maternal pregnancy serum concentrations of five PFAAs: Perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), and perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) were measured at median gestational week 12 (IQR: 10, 15) in 1628 women. Among these, offspring serum concentrations of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEAS), androstenedione, 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP), testosterone, luteinizing (LH) and follicle stimulating hormones (FSH) were measured in 373 children (44% girls; 56% boys) at a mean age of 3.9 (±0.9 SD) months. Multivariate linear regression models were performed to estimate associations. RESULTS A two-fold increase in maternal PFDA concentration was associated with a reduction in DHEA concentration by -19.6% (95% CI: -32.9%, -3.8%) in girls. In girls, also, the androstenedione and DHEAS concentrations were decreased, albeit non-significantly (p < 0.11), with a two-fold increase in maternal PFDA concentration. In boys, no significant association was found between PFAAs and concentrations of androgens, their precursors, and gonadotropins during mini puberty. CONCLUSION Prenatal PFDA exposure was associated with significantly lower serum DHEA concentrations and possibly also with lower androstenedione and DHEAS concentrations in female infants at mini puberty. The clinical significance of these findings remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Christian Jensen
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 17A, 5000, Odense C, Denmark; Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Søndre Blvd. 29, Odense C, Denmark.
| | - Dorte Glintborg
- Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Søndre Blvd. 29, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Clara Amalie Gade Timmermann
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 17A, 5000, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Flemming Nielsen
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 17A, 5000, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Henriette Boye Kyhl
- Odense Child Cohort, Hans Christian Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Søndre Blvd. 29, 5000, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Hanne Frederiksen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Juliane Maries Vej 6, 2100, Copenhagen OE, Denmark
| | - Anna-Maria Andersson
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Juliane Maries Vej 6, 2100, Copenhagen OE, Denmark
| | - Anders Juul
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Juliane Maries Vej 6, 2100, Copenhagen OE, Denmark
| | - Johannes J Sidelmann
- Unit for Thrombosis Research, Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Finsensgade 35, 6700, Esbjerg, Denmark
| | - Helle Raun Andersen
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 17A, 5000, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Philippe Grandjean
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 17A, 5000, Odense C, Denmark; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, 677 Huntington Avenue Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Marianne S Andersen
- Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Søndre Blvd. 29, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Tina Kold Jensen
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 17A, 5000, Odense C, Denmark; Odense Child Cohort, Hans Christian Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Søndre Blvd. 29, 5000, Odense C, Denmark; Odense Patient Data Explorative Network (OPEN), University of Southern, J. B. Winsløws Vej 9a, Odense C, Denmark
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Kashino I, Sasaki S, Okada E, Matsuura H, Goudarzi H, Miyashita C, Okada E, Ito YM, Araki A, Kishi R. Prenatal exposure to 11 perfluoroalkyl substances and fetal growth: A large-scale, prospective birth cohort study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 136:105355. [PMID: 32029284 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal maternal exposure to perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) has been reportedly associated with decreased birth weight. Although a majority of epidemiological studies concerning perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have focused on PFOS and PFOA, epidemiological studies of PFAS with longer carbon chains are scarce. In this study, we investigated whether prenatal maternal exposure to 11 PFAS, in particular those with longer carbon chains, is associated with fetal growth. METHODS The study included 1985 mother-infant pairs (inclusive of preterm and post-term infants), who enrolled in a large-scale, prospective birth cohort study in any of the 37 hospitals in Hokkaido, Japan between 2003 and 2009. The concentration of 11 PFAS was measured in maternal plasma collected during the third trimester of pregnancy, using ultra-performance liquid chromatography in combination with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. Associations between the measured PFAS values and weight, length, and head circumference of all newborns at birth were examined using multiple regression analyses with adjustment for potential confounders based on data collected from medical records, questionnaires, and those for maternal plasma samples. RESULTS Of the 11 PFAS analyzed, prenatal perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) [per log10-unit: regression coefficient (β) = -96.2 g, 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), -165.3 to -27.1] and perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) (β = -72.2 g, 95% CI, -138.1 to -6.3) concentrations were inversely associated with birth weight. Furthermore, PFNA concentrations were inversely associated with birth length (per Log10 unit: β = -0.48 cm, 95% CI; - 0.86 to -0.11). Maternal perfluorotridecanoic acid (PFTrDA) exposure showed a significant inverse association with birth weight only for female infants (per Log10 unit: β = -99.8 g, 95% CI, - 193.7 to -6.0) (P for interaction = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that prenatal, maternal exposure to PFAS with longer carbon chains tends to be inversely associated with birth size of newborn infants, which may indicate that these commercially used compounds have an adverse effect on fetal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikuko Kashino
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Japan; Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Japan.
| | - Seiko Sasaki
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Emiko Okada
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Matsuura
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, Division of Applied Bioscience, Hokkaido University, Japan.
| | - Houman Goudarzi
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Japan.
| | - Chihiro Miyashita
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Japan.
| | - Eisaku Okada
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoichi M Ito
- Department of Statistical Data Science, The Institute of Statistical Mathematics, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Atsuko Araki
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Japan.
| | - Reiko Kishi
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Japan.
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Rager JE, Bangma J, Carberry C, Chao A, Grossman J, Lu K, Manuck TA, Sobus JR, Szilagyi J, Fry RC. Review of the environmental prenatal exposome and its relationship to maternal and fetal health. Reprod Toxicol 2020; 98:1-12. [PMID: 32061676 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2020.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Environmental chemicals comprise a major portion of the human exposome, with some shown to impact the health of susceptible populations, including pregnant women and developing fetuses. The placenta and cord blood serve as important biological windows into the maternal and fetal environments. In this article we review how environmental chemicals (defined here to include man-made chemicals [e.g., flame retardants, pesticides/herbicides, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances], toxins, metals, and other xenobiotic compounds) contribute to the prenatal exposome and highlight future directions to advance this research field. Our findings from a survey of recent literature indicate the need to better understand the breadth of environmental chemicals that reach the placenta and cord blood, as well as the linkages between prenatal exposures, mechanisms of toxicity, and subsequent health outcomes. Research efforts tailored towards addressing these needs will provide a more comprehensive understanding of how environmental chemicals impact maternal and fetal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia E Rager
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; The Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Curriculum in Toxicology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Jacqueline Bangma
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Celeste Carberry
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Alex Chao
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) Participant, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | - Kun Lu
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Curriculum in Toxicology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Tracy A Manuck
- The Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jon R Sobus
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - John Szilagyi
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Rebecca C Fry
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; The Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Curriculum in Toxicology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Blake BE, Cope HA, Hall SM, Keys RD, Mahler BW, McCord J, Scott B, Stapleton HM, Strynar MJ, Elmore SA, Fenton SE. Evaluation of Maternal, Embryo, and Placental Effects in CD-1 Mice following Gestational Exposure to Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) or Hexafluoropropylene Oxide Dimer Acid (HFPO-DA or GenX). ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2020; 128:27006. [PMID: 32074459 PMCID: PMC7064328 DOI: 10.1289/ehp6233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is a poly- and perfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes in mice and humans, but little is known regarding one of its replacements, hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (HFPO-DA, referred to here as GenX), both of which have been reported as contaminants in drinking water. OBJECTIVES We compared the toxicity of PFOA and GenX in pregnant mice and their developing embryo-placenta units, with a specific focus on the placenta as a hypothesized target. METHODS Pregnant CD-1 mice were exposed daily to PFOA (0, 1, or 5mg/kg) or GenX (0, 2, or 10mg/kg) via oral gavage from embryonic day (E) 1.5 to 11.5 or 17.5 to evaluate exposure effects on the dam and embryo-placenta unit. Gestational weight gain (GWG), maternal clinical chemistry, maternal liver histopathology, placental histopathology, embryo weight, placental weight, internal chemical dosimetry, and placental thyroid hormone levels were determined. RESULTS Exposure to GenX or PFOA resulted in increased GWG, with increase in weight most prominent and of shortest latency with 10mg/kg/d GenX exposure. Embryo weight was significantly lower after exposure to 5mg/kg/d PFOA (9.4% decrease relative to controls). Effect sizes were similar for higher doses (5mg/kg/d PFOA and 10mg/kg/d GenX) and lower doses (1mg/kg/d PFOA and 2mg/kg/d GenX), including higher maternal liver weights, changes in liver histopathology, higher placental weights and embryo-placenta weight ratios, and greater incidence of placental abnormalities relative to controls. Histopathological features in placentas suggested that PFOA and GenX may exhibit divergent mechanisms of toxicity in the embryo-placenta unit, whereas PFOA- and GenX-exposed livers shared a similar constellation of adverse pathological features. CONCLUSIONS Gestational exposure to GenX recapitulated many documented effects of PFOA in CD-1 mice, regardless of its much shorter reported half-life; however, adverse effects toward the placenta appear to have compound-specific signatures. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP6233.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bevin E. Blake
- Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Division of the National Toxicology Program (DNTP), NTP Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Harlie A. Cope
- Division of the National Toxicology Program (DNTP), NTP Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Samantha M. Hall
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Robert D. Keys
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, National Toxicology Program (NTP), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Beth W. Mahler
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, National Toxicology Program (NTP), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - James McCord
- Exposure Methods and Measurements Division, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development (ORD), U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Brittany Scott
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, National Toxicology Program (NTP), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Heather M. Stapleton
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mark J. Strynar
- Exposure Methods and Measurements Division, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development (ORD), U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Susan A. Elmore
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, National Toxicology Program (NTP), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Suzanne E. Fenton
- Division of the National Toxicology Program (DNTP), NTP Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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Dasgupta S, Reddam A, Liu Z, Liu J, Volz DC. High-content screening in zebrafish identifies perfluorooctanesulfonamide as a potent developmental toxicant. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 256:113550. [PMID: 31706782 PMCID: PMC6920544 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have been used for decades within industrial processes and consumer products, resulting in frequent detection within the environment. Using zebrafish embryos, we screened 38 PFASs for developmental toxicity and revealed that perfluorooctanesulfonamide (PFOSA) was the most potent developmental toxicant, resulting in elevated mortality and developmental abnormalities following exposure from 6 to 24 h post fertilization (hpf) and 6 to 72 hpf. PFOSA resulted in a concentration-dependent increase in mortality and abnormalities, with surviving embryos exhibiting a >12-h delay in development at 24 hpf. Exposures initiated at 0.75 hpf also resulted in a concentration-dependent delay in epiboly, although these effects were not driven by a specific sensitive window of development. We relied on mRNA-sequencing to identify the potential association of PFOSA-induced developmental delays with impacts on the embryonic transcriptome. Relative to stage-matched vehicle controls, these data revealed that pathways related to hepatotoxicity and lipid transport were disrupted in embryos exposed to PFOSA from 0.75 to 14 hpf and 0.75 to 24 hpf. Therefore, we measured liver area as well as neutral lipids in 128-hpf embryos exposed to vehicle (0.1% DMSO) or PFOSA from 0.75 to 24 hpf and clean water from 24 to 128 hpf, and showed that PFOSA exposure from 0.75 to 24 hpf resulted in a decrease in liver area and increase in yolk sac neutral lipids at 128 hpf. Overall, our findings show that early exposure to PFOSA adversely impacts embryogenesis, an effect that may lead to altered lipid transport and liver development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subham Dasgupta
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Aalekhya Reddam
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA; Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Zekun Liu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Jinyong Liu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - David C Volz
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA.
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Xu C, Yin S, Liu Y, Chen F, Zhong Z, Li F, Liu K, Liu W. Prenatal exposure to chlorinated polyfluoroalkyl ether sulfonic acids and perfluoroalkyl acids: Potential role of maternal determinants and associations with birth outcomes. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 380:120867. [PMID: 31330388 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.120867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Transplacental exposure to per/polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) may impact fetal growth, but published evidence are still sparse and not in agreement. Moreover, little is known on the occurrence of emerging chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonates (Cl-PFESAs, 6:2 and 8:2) in maternal-neonatal population. This study investigated eleven PFASs by analyzing 98 cord samples from Hangzhou, China. All target compounds can be transported across placenta, with highest median concentrations of 4.07, 1.05 and 0.731 ng/mL for PFOS, PFOA, and 6:2 Cl-PFESA. Older ages and higher pre-pregnancy BMI were associated with higher cord PFASs concentration; being primiparous was also significantly associated. Notably, after adjusting for potential confounders, PFOS was negatively associated with birth weight (β = -417.3 g, 95% CI: -742.1, -92.4, p = 0.011, per a log10 unit increase in exposure) and ponderal index (β = -0.005 g/cm3, 95% CI: -0.008, -0.002, p = 0.000). PFOS and PFHxS were also indicated to be associated with small for gestational age birth (SGA) (p < 0.05). Although no evidence of association was observed between Cl-PFESAs and birth outcomes in this study, the bioaccumulative properties and development toxicity of Cl-PFESAs deserve continuous concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenye Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, Institute of Environmental Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Shanshan Yin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, Institute of Environmental Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yingxue Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, Institute of Environmental Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Fangfang Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, Institute of Environmental Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zhehui Zhong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Fang Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Kai Liu
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, W. M. Keck Laboratories California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, 91125, USA
| | - Weiping Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, Institute of Environmental Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Ali JM, Roberts SM, Gordon DS, Stuchal LD. Derivation of a chronic reference dose for perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) for reproductive toxicity in mice. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 108:104452. [PMID: 31487490 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2019.104452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) is a six-carbon perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acid that was used as an industrial surfactant, but is now found as an environmental contaminant worldwide. In addition to its use as an industrial surfactant, it is a legacy contaminant from the use of aqueous film-forming foams. Despite its widespread occurrence in the environment and evidence of biological activity associated with PFHxS and similar perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acids in rodents, there is no oral toxicity value currently available from the IRIS Database. To derive an oral reference dose (RfD) for PFHxS, available toxicity studies were reviewed using a weight-of-evidence approach. A 42-day mouse reproductive study was chosen as the critical study for the derivation of the oral RfD. Benchmark dose modeling was utilized to derive a point of departure (POD) for a reduction in litter size. A 95% lower confidence limit on the benchmark dose (BMDL) of 13,900 ng/mL (serum PFHxS) was modeled for a reduction in litter size. An oral RfD for PFHxS of 4.0 ng/kg/d was calculated by conversion of the BMDL to a human equivalent oral dose using a human half-life adjusted dosimetric conversion factor and the application of a total uncertainty factor of 300. Additional research is needed to better characterize the toxicity associated with oral exposure to PFHxS and refine the development of toxicity values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Ali
- Permitting and Environmental Health Bureau, New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services, Concord, NH, 03302, USA.
| | - Stephen M Roberts
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA; Department of Environmental and Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - David S Gordon
- Permitting and Environmental Health Bureau, New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services, Concord, NH, 03302, USA
| | - Leah D Stuchal
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA; Department of Environmental and Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
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Aimuzi R, Luo K, Chen Q, Wang H, Feng L, Ouyang F, Zhang J. Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances and fetal thyroid hormone levels in umbilical cord blood among newborns by prelabor caesarean delivery. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 130:104929. [PMID: 31228788 PMCID: PMC7021220 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.104929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been reported to disrupt the thyroid function. But epidemiological evidence on the association between PFAS and thyroid hormone (TH) levels in cord blood is scarce and controversial. We aimed to examine the association between cord blood PFAS concentrations and TH levels in prelabor caesarean deliveries. METHODS We measured ten PFAS and three THs in cord blood in 568 prelabor caesarean deliveries. The associations between PFAS and TH levels were examined using multiple linear regression model and sparse partial least squares (SPLS) regression model. RESULTS In SPLS analyses, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level decreased with increasing concentrations of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS, β = -0.012, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.019, -0.005), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA, β = -0.012, 95% CI: -0.019, -0.005), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA, β = -0.012, 95% CI: -0.02, -0.005), perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUA, β = -0.013, 95% CI: -0.021, -0.006) and perfluorododecanoic acid (PFDoA, β = -0.013, 95% CI: -0.023, -0.006). Moreover, we found a positive association between PFDoA and free thyroxine (FT4) levels (β = 0.190, 95% CI: 0.063, 0.304) after adjusting for potential confounders. Free tri-iodothyronine (FT3) levels were positively associated with concentrations of PFOS (β = 0.059, 95% CI: 0.023, 0.100), but negatively associated with PFDoA (β = -0.153, 95% CI: -0.212, -0.106). We also observed gender disparity in the associations of PFAS exposure and FT3, FT4, TSH levels. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that prenatal exposure to certain PFAS may disrupt fetal thyroid function. The effect may be gender-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruxianguli Aimuzi
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China; Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Kai Luo
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China; Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Hui Wang
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Liping Feng
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Fengxiu Ouyang
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China; Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.
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Marks KJ, Jeddy Z, Flanders WD, Northstone K, Fraser A, Calafat AM, Kato K, Hartman TJ. Maternal serum concentrations of perfluoroalkyl substances during pregnancy and gestational weight gain: The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Reprod Toxicol 2019; 90:8-14. [PMID: 31415809 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2019.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are chemicals used in the manufacture of consumer products. PFAS may act as endocrine disruptors, influencing metabolic pathways and weight-related outcomes. Previous studies observed an association between perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) and higher gestational weight gain among under-/normal weight mothers. We analyzed associations of maternal serum pregnancy concentrations of PFAS with gestational weight gain (GWG) using data from 905 women in a subsample of the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Women were routinely weighed in antenatal check-ups; absolute GWG was determined by subtracting the first weight measurement from the last. Linear regression was used to explore associations of maternal PFAS concentrations with absolute GWG, stratified by prepregnancy body mass index. Associations of maternal PFOS, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), and perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS) concentrations with absolute GWG were null; 10% higher PFOS was associated with GWG of -0.03 kg (95% CI: -0.11, 0.06) among under-/normal weight mothers. Ten percent higher perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) was associated with a higher GWG of 0.09 kg (95% CI: 0.02, 0.16) among under-/normal weight mothers. Overall, findings suggest no association between maternal PFOA, PFOS, and PFHxS concentrations and GWG, and a weak positive association between maternal PFNA and GWG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin J Marks
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States; National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy, Atlanta, GA 30341, United States.
| | - Zuha Jeddy
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy, Atlanta, GA 30341, United States; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, 100 ORAU Way, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, United States
| | - W Dana Flanders
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States; National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy, Atlanta, GA 30341, United States
| | - Kate Northstone
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol BS8 2BN, United Kingdom
| | - Abigail Fraser
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol BS8 2BN, United Kingdom; The MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol BS8 2BN, United Kingdom
| | - Antonia M Calafat
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy, Atlanta, GA 30341, United States
| | - Kayoko Kato
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy, Atlanta, GA 30341, United States
| | - Terryl J Hartman
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States; National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy, Atlanta, GA 30341, United States
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Park SK, Peng Q, Ding N, Mukherjee B, Harlow SD. Determinants of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in midlife women: Evidence of racial/ethnic and geographic differences in PFAS exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 175:186-199. [PMID: 31129528 PMCID: PMC6579633 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are public health concerns because of widespread exposure through contaminated foods/drinking water. Although some determinants of PFAS exposure have been suggested, the role of geographic location and race/ethnicity in PFAS exposure has not been well characterized. OBJECTIVES We examined potential determinants of PFAS from the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN). METHODS This study includes 1302 women aged 45-56 years from 5 SWAN sites where white women and women from one minority group were recruited (black from Southeast Michigan, Pittsburgh, Boston; Chinese from Oakland; Japanese from Los Angeles). We determined concentrations of 11 PFAS in serum samples collected in 1999-2000 and examined 7 PFAS detected in most women (>97%). Linear regression with backward elimination was used to identify important determinants of PFAS serum concentrations among a set of pre-specified variables (age, body mass index, site, race/ethnicity, education, financial hardship, occupation, born outside the United States (US), parity, menstrual bleeding within the past year, smoking status, alcohol consumption, and consumption of fish, dairy, pizza, salty snack, and French fries). RESULTS Site and race/ethnicity were two major determinants of PFAS. White women had higher concentrations of linear perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) compared with the Chinese in Oakland (p < 0.0001) and blacks in Pittsburgh (p = 0.048). Black women in Southeast Michigan and Boston (vs. white women) had higher concentrations of linear (p < 0.001 for Southeast Michigan; p < 0.0001 for Boston) and total perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) (p < 0.001 for both Southeast Michigan and Boston) and 2-(N-methyl-perfluorooctane sulfonamido) acetic acid (p = 0.02 for Southeast Michigan; p < 0.001 for Boston). Chinese (Oakland) and Japanese (Los Angeles) women had higher concentrations of perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) compared with white women in each site (p < 0.01 for both). Within white women, those in Pittsburgh had relatively higher concentrations of PFAS. Within Chinese and Japanese women, those who were born outside the US had significantly lower concentrations of most PFAS but significantly higher PFNA concentrations. Menstrual bleeding and parity were significantly associated with lower PFAS concentrations. Higher intake of salty snacks including popcorn was significantly associated with higher concentrations of linear PFOA, PFOS and 2-(N-ethyl-perfluorooctane sulfonamido) acetic acid. DISCUSSION Geographic locations and race/ethnicity play an important role in differential exposure to PFAS, with racial/ethnic burdens differing between PFOS, PFOA and PFNA. Menstruation and parity were also determinants of PFAS concentrations possibly as an elimination route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Kyun Park
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
| | - Qing Peng
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Ning Ding
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Bhramar Mukherjee
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Siobán D Harlow
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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Interspecies differences in perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) toxicokinetics and application to health-based criteria. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 106:239-250. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2019.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Yao Q, Shi R, Wang C, Han W, Gao Y, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Ding G, Tian Y. Cord blood Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, placental steroidogenic enzyme, and cord blood reproductive hormone. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 129:573-582. [PMID: 31174145 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are widely used in China, but little is known about the association between prenatal PFASs exposure and fetal reproductive development as well as its potential mechanism. OBJECTIVE We investigated the effects of cord blood PFASs on fetal reproductive hormones and its potential mechanism in relation to steroidogenic enzymes. METHODS Ten selected PFASs (n = 351) including PFOS, PFOA, PFBS, PFDA, PFDoA, PFHpA, PFHxS, PFNA, PFOSA, and PFUA, and two reproductive hormones estradiol (E2) (n = 351) and testosterone (T) (n = 349) were measured in 351 cord blood serum samples from a Chinese birth cohort between 2010 and 2013. Three steroidogenic enzymes including P450arom (n = 125), 3β-HSD1 (n = 123), and 17β-HSD1 (n = 116) were measured in 125 placental tissue samples. Linear regression tested the associations between cord blood PFASs and reproductive hormones in cord blood. Mediation analysis assessed the role of placental steroidogenic enzymes between cord blood PFASs and reproductive hormones. RESULTS The positive associations between PFOA, PFHxS and E2 levels, PFOS, PFUA, PFNA and T levels, and PFOS, PFUA and T/E2 ratio were significant. PFUA, PFNA, PFDA, PFHxS, and ∑PFASs were associated with higher P450arom levels. PFHxS was also associated with increased 3β-HSD1 and 17β-HSD1 levels. These associations were more pronounced in females than males when stratified by gender. Furthermore, 17β-HSD1 demonstrated mediating effects in the positive association between cord blood PFHxS and E2 levels in females. CONCLUSION Our findings suggested the potential impacts of cord blood PFASs on fetal reproductive hormones, in which steroidogenic enzymes may play important roles. These associations were more pronounced in females than males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yao
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Shi
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Caifeng Wang
- School of Nursing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenchao Han
- Department of Pediatrics, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yu Gao
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yijun Zhou
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guodong Ding
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ying Tian
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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70
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Pinney SM, Windham GC, Xie C, Herrick RL, Calafat AM, McWhorter K, Fassler CS, Hiatt RA, Kushi LH, Biro FM. Perfluorooctanoate and changes in anthropometric parameters with age in young girls in the Greater Cincinnati and San Francisco Bay Area. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2019; 222:1038-1046. [PMID: 31300293 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
METHODS We conducted a study of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance biomarkers, including PFOA, in girls from Greater Cincinnati (CIN, N = 353) and the San Francisco Bay Area (SFBA, N = 351). PFOA was measured in the baseline serum sample collected in 2004-2007 of 704 girls at age 6-8 years. Mixed effects models were used to derive the effect of PFOA on BMI, waist-to-height and waist-to-hip ratios over increasing age in this longitudinal cohort. RESULTS Median PFOA serum concentrations were 7.3 (CIN) and 5.8 (SFBA) ng/mL, above the U.S. population median for children 12-19 years in 2005-2006 (3.8 ng/mL). Log-transformed serum PFOA had a strong inverse association with BMIz in the CIN girls (p = 0.0002) and the combined two-site data (p = 0.0008); the joint inverse effect of PFOA and Age*PFOA weakened at age at 10-11 years. However, in the SFBA group alone, the relationship was not significant (p = 0.1641) with no evidence of changing effect with age. The effect of PFOA on waist:height ratio was similar to BMIz at both sites, but we did not find a significant effect of PFOA on waist:hip ratio in either the CIN or SFBA girls. CONCLUSIONS PFOA is associated with decreased BMI and waist:height ratio in young girls, but the strength of the relationship decreases with age. Site heterogeneity may be due to greater early life exposure in Cincinnati. DISCLAIMER The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by the CDC, the Public Health Service, or the US Department of Health and Human Services.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Pinney
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - G C Windham
- Environmental Health Investigations Branch, California Dept. of Public Health, Richmond, CA, USA
| | - C Xie
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - R L Herrick
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - A M Calafat
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - K McWhorter
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - C S Fassler
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - R A Hiatt
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, USA
| | - L H Kushi
- Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - F M Biro
- Division of Adolescent Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Brochot C, Casas M, Manzano-Salgado C, Zeman FA, Schettgen T, Vrijheid M, Bois FY. Prediction of maternal and foetal exposures to perfluoroalkyl compounds in a Spanish birth cohort using toxicokinetic modelling. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 379:114640. [PMID: 31251942 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.114640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal exposures to perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) have been associated with child health outcomes, but many of these associations remain poorly characterized. The aim of this work was to provide new indicators of foetal exposure for the Spanish INMA birth cohort. First, a pregnancy and lactation physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model was calibrated in a population framework to provide quantitative estimates for the PFOA and PFOS placental transfers in humans. The estimated distributions indicated that PFOA crosses the placental barrier at a rate three times higher than PFOS and shows a higher variability between mothers. The PBPK model was then used to back-calculate the time-varying daily intakes of the INMA mothers corrected for their individual history from a spot maternal concentration. We showed the importance of accounting for the mothers' history as different dietary intakes can result in similar measured concentrations at one time point. Finally, the foetal exposure was simulated in target organs over pregnancy using the PBPK model and the estimated maternal intakes. We showed that the pattern of PFOA and PFOS exposures varies greatly among the foetuses. About a third has levels of either one compound always higher than the levels of the other compound. The other two thirds showed different ranking of PFOA and PFOS in terms of concentrations in the target organs. Our simulated foetal exposures bring additional information to the measured maternal spot concentrations and can help to better characterize the prenatal exposure in target organs during windows of susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Brochot
- Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Unité Modèles pour l'Ecotoxicologie et la Toxicologie (METO), Parc ALATA BP2, 60550 Verneuil en Halatte, France.
| | - Maribel Casas
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiologa y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cyntia Manzano-Salgado
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiologa y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Florence A Zeman
- Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Unité Modèles pour l'Ecotoxicologie et la Toxicologie (METO), Parc ALATA BP2, 60550 Verneuil en Halatte, France
| | - Thomas Schettgen
- Institute for Occupational Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Martine Vrijheid
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiologa y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Frédéric Y Bois
- Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Unité Modèles pour l'Ecotoxicologie et la Toxicologie (METO), Parc ALATA BP2, 60550 Verneuil en Halatte, France
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72
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Fry RC, Bangma J, Szilagyi J, Rager JE. Developing novel in vitro methods for the risk assessment of developmental and placental toxicants in the environment. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 378:114635. [PMID: 31233757 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.114635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
During pregnancy, the placenta is critical for the regulation of maternal homeostasis and fetal growth and development. Exposures to environmental chemicals during pregnancy can be detrimental to the health of the placenta and therefore adversely impact maternal and fetal health. Though research on placental-derived developmental toxicity is expanding, testing is limited by the resources required for traditional test methods based on whole animal experimentation. Alternative strategies utilizing in vitro methods are well suited to contribute to more efficient screening of chemical toxicity and identification of biological mechanisms underlying toxicity outcomes. This review aims to summarize methods that can be used to evaluate toxicity resulting from exposures during the prenatal period, with a focus on newer in vitro methods centered on placental toxicity. The following key aspects are reviewed: (i) traditional test methods based on animal developmental toxicity testing, (ii) in vitro methods using monocultures and explant models, as well as more recently developed methods, including co-cultures, placenta-on-a-chip, and 3-dimensional (3D) cell models, (iii) endpoints that are commonly measured using in vitro designs, and (iv) the translation of in vitro methods into chemical evaluations and risk assessment applications. We conclude that findings from in vitro placental models can contribute to the screening of potentially hazardous chemicals, elucidation of chemical mechanism of action, incorporation into adverse outcome pathways, estimation of doses eliciting toxicity, derivation of extrapolation factors, and characterization of overall risk of adverse outcomes, representing key components of chemical regulation in the 21st century.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca C Fry
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; The Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Curriculum in Toxicology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jacqueline Bangma
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - John Szilagyi
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Julia E Rager
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; The Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Curriculum in Toxicology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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A Review of Perfluoroalkyl Acids (PFAAs) in terms of Sources, Applications, Human Exposure, Dietary Intake, Toxicity, Legal Regulation, and Methods of Determination. J CHEM-NY 2019. [DOI: 10.1155/2019/2717528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are widely distributed across the world and are expected to be of concern to human health and the environment. The review focuses on perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) and, in particular, on the most frequently discussed perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs) and perfluoroalkane sulfonic acids (PFSAs). In this study, some basic information concerning PFASs is reviewed, focusing mainly on PFAAs (perfluoroalkyl acids). We have made efforts to systemize their division into groups according to chemical structure, describe their basic physicochemical properties, characterize production technologies, and determine potential human exposure routes with particular reference to oral exposure. A variety of possible toxicological effects to human health are also discussed. In response to increasing public concern about the toxicity of PFAAs, an evaluation of dietary intake has been undertaken for two of the most commonly known PFAAs: perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS). As summarized in this study, PFAAs levels need further assessment due to the science-based TWI standards laid down by the EFSA’s CONTAM Panel regarding the risk to human health posed by the presence of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid and perfluorooctanoic acid in food (tolerable weekly intakes of PFOA and PFOS set up to 6 ng·kg−1·bw·week−1 and 13 ng·kg−1·bw·week−1, respectively). Current legislation, relevant legislation on PFAAs levels in food, and the most popular methods of analysis in food matrices are described.
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Gao K, Zhuang T, Liu X, Fu J, Zhang J, Fu J, Wang L, Zhang A, Liang Y, Song M, Jiang G. Prenatal Exposure to Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) and Association between the Placental Transfer Efficiencies and Dissociation Constant of Serum Proteins-PFAS Complexes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:6529-6538. [PMID: 31099564 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b00715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Information on placental transfer and adverse outcomes of short-chain per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFASs) is limited, and factors responsible for PFAS placental transfer are still unclear. In the present study, concentrations of 21 PFASs were analyzed in 132 paired maternal and cord serum samples collected from residents in Beijing, China, and the placental transfer efficiency (PTE) of each PFAS was calculated. PTEs of short-chain perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs), including PFBA (146%), PFBS (97%), PFPeA (118%), and PFHxA (110%), were first reported, and a complete U-shaped trend of PTEs from C4 to C13 of perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs) was obtained. Positive association between maternal weight and PTE of perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) ( p < 0.05) and negative association between maternal PFBA concentration and birth length ( p < 0.01) were observed. Using in vitro experiments, we further determined equilibrium dissociation constants ( Kds) of human serum albumin (HSA)-PFAS complexes ( Kd-HP), serum proteins-PFAS complexes ( Kd-SP), and liver-fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP)-PFAS complexes ( Kd-LP) and found that they were all significantly correlated with PTEs of PFASs. The correlation coefficient was 0.92, 0.89, and 0.86, respectively ( p < 0.01 in all three tests), suggesting that Kds of protein (serum)-PFAS complexes can play an important role in trans-placental transfer of PFASs in human and Kd-HP plays a pivotal role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
- College of Resources and Environment , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Taifeng Zhuang
- Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital , Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
| | - Xian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Jianjie Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Jingxing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
- Institute of Environment and Health , Jianghan University , Wuhan , Hubei , China
| | - Jie Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
- College of Resources and Environment , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Liguo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
- College of Resources and Environment , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Aiqian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
- College of Resources and Environment , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
- Institute of Environment and Health , Jianghan University , Wuhan , Hubei , China
| | - Yong Liang
- Institute of Environment and Health , Jianghan University , Wuhan , Hubei , China
| | - Maoyong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
- College of Resources and Environment , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
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Zeng XW, Bloom MS, Dharmage SC, Lodge CJ, Chen D, Li S, Guo Y, Roponen M, Jalava P, Hirvonen MR, Ma H, Hao YT, Chen W, Yang M, Chu C, Li QQ, Hu LW, Liu KK, Yang BY, Liu S, Fu C, Dong GH. Prenatal exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances is associated with lower hand, foot and mouth disease viruses antibody response in infancy: Findings from the Guangzhou Birth Cohort Study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 663:60-67. [PMID: 30708217 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are synthetic chemicals widely used in industry and for commercial products. Their immunomodulatory effects are a growing health concern in children. Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease (HFMD) is a common childhood viral infection, and increased incidence of which has parallel the rise in PFAS exposure in the Asia-Pacific region. OBJECTIVE We conducted the first study to assess whether prenatal exposure to PFAS was associated with a reduction in HFMD virus antibodies in infants. METHODS We enrolled 201 mother-infant pairs from the Guangzhou Birth Cohort Study from July to October 2013. High performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was employed to determine concentrations of specific PFAS isomers in cord blood. Neutralizing antibodies titers were measured against two HFMD viruses, enterovirus 71 (EV71) and coxsackievirus A 16 (CA16), in cord blood serum and blood serum at three months of age. RESULTS Higher umbilical cord blood PFAS concentrations were associated with lower EV71 and CA16 antibody concentrations. A doubling in the composite sum of cord blood PFASs in three month old infants was associated with significant increase in the risk of HFMD antibody concentration below clinical protection level (≥1:8 titers) for CA16 (odds ratio, OR: 2.74 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.33, 5.61] and for EV71 (OR = 4.55, 95% CI: 1.45, 4.28). This association was higher in boys at three months of age for CA16. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that cord blood PFAS exposure is associated with lower HFMD antibody in infancy. Given the widespread nature of PFAS exposures and the high global incidence of HFMD globally, these findings have substantial public health implications and therefore, these associations need to be replicated in a larger study to more definitively address the risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Wen Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Michael S Bloom
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Departments of Environmental Health Sciences & Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, New York 12144, USA
| | - Shyamali C Dharmage
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population & Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Caroline J Lodge
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population & Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Da Chen
- School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Yuming Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Marjut Roponen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio FI 70211, Finland
| | - Pasi Jalava
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio FI 70211, Finland
| | - Maija-Riitta Hirvonen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio FI 70211, Finland
| | - Huimin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yuan-Tao Hao
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Wen Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Mo Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Chu Chu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Qing-Qing Li
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Li-Wen Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Kang-Kang Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Bo-Yi Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Shan Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Chuanxi Fu
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
| | - Guang-Hui Dong
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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Developmental Exposures to Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs): An Update of Associated Health Outcomes. Curr Environ Health Rep 2019; 5:1-19. [PMID: 29556975 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-018-0173-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We reviewed and summarized the epidemiological evidence for the influence that pre- and postnatal exposures to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) may have on health outcomes in offspring, with a particular focus on birth outcomes and postnatal growth, immunomodulatory effects and neurodevelopment. RECENT FINDINGS PFASs are persistent organic pollutants that have been widely produced and used in a range of commercial products since the 1950s. Human exposures to PFASs are nearly ubiquitous globally, but studies that addressed potential health effects of PFASs have only begun to accumulate in recent years. Animal studies suggest adverse effects resulting from developmental encompasses prenatal exposures to PFASs. In humans, the developing fetus is exposed to PFASs via active or passive placenta transfer, while newborns might be exposed via breastfeeding or PFAS in the home environment. Overall, epidemiological findings are consistent and suggest possible associations with fetal and postnatal growth and immune function, while the findings on neurodevelopmental endpoints to date are rather inconclusive. Methodological challenges and future directions for PFASs-focused research are discussed.
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Spratlen MJ, Perera FP, Lederman SA, Robinson M, Kannan K, Trasande L, Herbstman J. Cord blood perfluoroalkyl substances in mothers exposed to the World Trade Center disaster during pregnancy. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 246:482-490. [PMID: 30583156 PMCID: PMC6402332 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) may have been released during the collapse of the World Trade Center (WTC) on 9/11. Evidence suggests PFAS can cross the placental barrier in humans and cause harm to the developing fetus; however, no studies have measured PFAS in mothers exposed to the WTC disaster during pregnancy. We measured PFAS in maternal plasma (n = 48) or cord blood (n = 231) from pregnant women in the Columbia University WTC birth cohort, enrolled between December 13, 2001 and June 26, 2002 at one of three hospitals located near the WTC site. In order to maximize sample size, we used a linear regression to transform the 48 maternal plasma samples to cord blood equivalents in our study; cord blood and transformed maternal plasma-to-cord blood samples were then analyzed together. We evaluated the association between WTC exposure and PFAS concentrations using three exposure variables: 1) living/working within two miles of WTC; 2) living within two miles of WTC regardless of work location; and 3) working but not living within two miles of WTC. Exposure was compared with those not living/working within two miles of WTC (reference group). Living/working within two miles of WTC was associated with 13% higher perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) concentrations compared with the reference group [GMR (95% CI): 1.13 (1.01, 1.27)]. The association was stronger when comparing only those who lived within two miles of WTC to the reference group [GMR (95% CI): 1.17 (1.03, 1.33)], regardless of work location. Our results provide evidence that exposure to the WTC disaster during pregnancy resulted in increases in PFAS concentrations, specifically PFOA. This work identifies a potentially vulnerable and overlooked population, children exposed to the WTC disaster in utero, and highlights the importance of future longitudinal studies in this cohort to investigate later life effects resulting from these early life exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda J Spratlen
- Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA; Department of Environmental Health & Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Frederica P Perera
- Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sally Ann Lederman
- Department of Population and Family Health, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Morgan Robinson
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Leonardo Trasande
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Julie Herbstman
- Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
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Huang R, Chen Q, Zhang L, Luo K, Chen L, Zhao S, Feng L, Zhang J. Prenatal exposure to perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances and the risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Environ Health 2019; 18:5. [PMID: 30626391 PMCID: PMC6327470 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-018-0445-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been reported to disrupt endocrine system and reproduction. However, epidemiological evidence on the association between PFAS and preeclampsia is inconsistent. We aimed to investigate the association between prenatal PFAS exposure and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) in humans. METHODS PFAS were measured by liquid chromatography system coupled with tandem mass spectrometry in 687 umbilical cord plasma samples collected between 2011 and 2012 in Shanghai, China. Information on HDP including gestational hypertension and preeclampsia was abstracted from medical records. Multiple logistic regression was used to examine the association of each PFAS with gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, and overall HDP in separate models. Elastic net regression with logit link was used to identify independent associations between exposures and outcomes. Logistic regression was used to obtain the unpenalized estimates of the selected PFAS components for the associations with outcomes, adjusting for age, education level, pre-pregnancy BMI, parity, and mutual adjustment of selected PFAS. RESULTS The risk of gestational hypertension and preeclampsia was 3.3% and 2.8% in our subjects, respectively. Perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS), perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS), perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUA) were associated with preeclampsia based on elastic net penalty regression. In the fully adjusted statistical model, women with a higher level of standardized ln-transformed PFBS had an increased odds of preeclampsia [adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 1.81, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03-3.17], and overall HDP (AOR: 1.64, 95% CI: 1.09-2.47). CONCLUSIONS Prenatal exposure to PFBS was positively associated with the risk of preeclampsia and overall HDP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Huang
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kong Jiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kong Jiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kong Jiang Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Luo
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kong Jiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 227 S. Chongqing Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kong Jiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Shasha Zhao
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kong Jiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Liping Feng
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kong Jiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, 27710, USA
| | - Jun Zhang
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kong Jiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 227 S. Chongqing Road, Shanghai, China.
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Wang Y, Han W, Wang C, Zhou Y, Shi R, Bonefeld-Jørgensen EC, Yao Q, Yuan T, Gao Y, Zhang J, Tian Y. Efficiency of maternal-fetal transfer of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:2691-2698. [PMID: 30484044 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3686-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) can be transferred from a mother to her fetus during pregnancy and adversely affect fetal development. However, the efficiency and influencing factors of PFASs maternal-fetal transfer remain unclear. We measured the levels of six perfluoroalkylcarboxylates, three perfluoroalkylsulfonates, and one sulfonamide in 369 pairs of maternal and umbilical cord serum and examined the transplacental transfer efficiency (TTE) of PFASs by the functional group and carbon chain length in a prospective birth cohort in Shandong, China. All ten PFASs were detected in both maternal and umbilical cord serum in nearly all samples. Maternal and cord levels were closely correlated (the correlation coefficient [r] ranging from 0.485 to 0.908) in most PFASs except perfluorobutane sulfonic acid (PFBS) (r = 0.159). TTE was significantly affected by the functional group and carbon chain length. Compared to perfluoroalkylcarboxylates, perfluoroalkylsulfonates had a lower ratio of maternal to fetal transfer. A U-shaped relationship between carbon chain length and TTE was observed for perfluoroalkylcarboxylates while a monotonic descending trend was identified between TTE and the increasing carbon chain length for perfluoroalkylsulfonates. PFASs can readily pass through the placenta. The functional group and carbon chain length are important determinants for the TTE of PFASs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Wang
- MOE and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
- Department of Neonatology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenchao Han
- MOE and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Caifeng Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yijun Zhou
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Shi
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Qian Yao
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Yuan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Gao
- MOE and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jun Zhang
- MOE and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Ying Tian
- MOE and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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80
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Bell EM, Yeung EH, Ma W, Kannan K, Sundaram R, Smarr MM, Buck Louis GM. Concentrations of endocrine disrupting chemicals in newborn blood spots and infant outcomes in the upstate KIDS study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 121:232-239. [PMID: 30219610 PMCID: PMC6376484 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Novel methodologies to quantify infant exposures to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) for population-based studies are needed. OBJECTIVES We used newborn dried blood spots to quantify three EDCs and their associations with infant outcomes in the Upstate KIDS Cohort. METHODS We measured bisphenol A (BPA), perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in 2071 singleton and 1040 twin infants born to mothers in New York State. We log transformed concentrations after rescaling by their standard deviations and modeled each in relation to gestational age, birthweight, length, head circumference and Ponderal Index (PI) using linear regression techniques. All models were adjusted for maternal age, body mass index, education, infertility treatment and parity. Generalized estimating equations with robust standard errors were used to assess the associations for twins. RESULTS Chemicals were largely quantified above the limits of detection (>99% for PFOS and PFOA; 90% for BPA). Overall, we observed no significant associations between PFASs and birth size irrespective of plurality of birth. However, among twins, BPA was associated with decreases in gestational age (adjusted β = -0.09 weeks; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): -0.16, -0.02) and birthweight (adjusted β = -32.52 g; 95% CI: -60.99, -4.05), head circumference (adjusted β = -0.18 cm; 95% CI: -0.38, -0.02) and increased PI in singletons (adjusted β = 0.02 cm; 95% CI: 0.004, 0.04). CONCLUSION We observed negative associations between BPA and birth size in twins. Our findings demonstrate the feasibility of newborn dried blood spots for quantifying neonatal exposure at the population level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M Bell
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences & Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University at Albany School of Public Health, Rensselaer, New York, United States.
| | - Edwina H Yeung
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, United States.
| | - Wanli Ma
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY, United States; International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY, United States.
| | - Rajeshwari Sundaram
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, United States.
| | - Melissa M Smarr
- Department of Environmental Health, Emory University School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, United States.
| | - Germaine M Buck Louis
- Dean's Office, College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States.
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81
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Koponen J, Winkens K, Airaksinen R, Berger U, Vestergren R, Cousins IT, Karvonen AM, Pekkanen J, Kiviranta H. Longitudinal trends of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in children's serum. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 121:591-599. [PMID: 30308470 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Studies suggest negative health impacts from early life exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs). However, information on longitudinal exposure to PFASs during childhood is scarce for background-exposed individuals. This study sought to fill this gap by investigating children's longitudinal exposure trends through measurement of PFAS serum concentrations and calculation of body burdens (μg, total in body). Blood of 54 Finnish children was sampled 2005-2015 and analyzed for 20 PFASs at 1, 6 and 10.5 years of age. The body burden was calculated by multiplying the serum concentration by the volume of distribution and the bodyweight for each individual. Associations between serum concentrations or body burdens and parameters, such as sex, breastfeeding duration, body mass index as well as indoor dust and air PFAS concentrations, were evaluated. Serum concentrations of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) and perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS) decreased significantly (p < 0.001) with age. In contrast to serum concentrations, body burdens stayed unchanged or even increased significantly (p < 0.05), except for PFOA in female children. Breastfeeding duration was positively correlated (p < 0.001) with serum concentrations of PFHxS, PFOS, PFOA and PFNA at 1 year of age. Some associations were found at 10.5 years with sex and indoor PFAS concentrations. Observations of longitudinal decreasing trends of serum concentrations can be misleading for understanding exposure levels from external media during childhood, as the serum concentration is influenced by parallel temporal changes and growth dilution. Body burdens account for growth dilution and thus better reflect differences in early-life to adolescence exposure than serum concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jani Koponen
- Department of Health Security, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), FI-70150 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Kerstin Winkens
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry (ACES), Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Riikka Airaksinen
- Department of Health Security, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), FI-70150 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Urs Berger
- Department Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), DE-04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Robin Vestergren
- IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, SE-10031 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ian T Cousins
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry (ACES), Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anne M Karvonen
- Department of Health Security, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), FI-70150 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Juha Pekkanen
- Department of Health Security, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), FI-70150 Kuopio, Finland; Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hannu Kiviranta
- Department of Health Security, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), FI-70150 Kuopio, Finland
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Ledda C, La Torre G, Cinà D, Paravizzini G, Vitale E, Pavone P, Iavicoli I, Rapisarda V. Serum concentrations of perfluorinated compounds among children living in Sicily (Italy). Toxicol Lett 2018; 298:186-193. [PMID: 30217717 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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84
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Vuong AM, Braun JM, Yolton K, Wang Z, Xie C, Webster GM, Ye X, Calafat AM, Dietrich KN, Lanphear BP, Chen A. Prenatal and childhood exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and measures of attention, impulse control, and visual spatial abilities. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 119:413-420. [PMID: 30015313 PMCID: PMC7442289 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite evidence from toxicological studies describing the potential neurotoxicity of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), their role in neurodevelopment remains uncertain amid inconsistent findings from epidemiological studies. METHODS Using data from 218 mother-child dyads from the Health Outcomes and Measures of the Environment Study, we examined prenatal and childhood (3 and 8 years) serum concentrations of four PFAS and inattention, impulsivity, and visual spatial abilities. At 8 years, we used the Conners' Continuous Performance Test-II to assess attention and impulse control and the Virtual Morris Water Maze (VMWM) to measure visual spatial abilities. RESULTS In multiple informant models, there was no evidence to indicate that prenatal or childhood PFAS are associated with attention. However, there was an inverse association between prenatal ln-perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) and errors of commission (β = -2.0, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] -3.8, -0.3). Ln-perfluorononanoate (PFNA) at 3 years was associated with longer (poorer) VMWM completion times of 3.6 seconds (CI 1.6, 5.6). However, higher concurrent concentrations of ln-perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) (β = -2.4 s, 95% CI -4.4, -0.3) were associated with shorter (better) times. Higher prenatal PFHxS was positively associated with percentage of traveling distance in the correct quadrant (β = 4.2%, 95% CI 0.8, 7.7), indicating better performance. CONCLUSION Findings were mixed for prenatal and childhood PFAS concentrations and visual spatial abilities. There is not enough evidence to support that PFAS are associated with visual spatial abilities as assessed by the VMWM or CPT-II measures of inattention or impulsivity in children at age 8 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann M Vuong
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, P.O. Box 670056, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Joseph M Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, 121 South Main St, Box G-S121-2, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Kimberly Yolton
- Division of General and Community Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3333 Burnet Avenue, MLC 7035, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Zhiyang Wang
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, P.O. Box 670056, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Changchun Xie
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 160 Panzeca Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Glenys M Webster
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute and Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Xiaoyun Ye
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - Antonia M Calafat
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - Kim N Dietrich
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, P.O. Box 670056, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Bruce P Lanphear
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute and Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Aimin Chen
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, P.O. Box 670056, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
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Jian JM, Chen D, Han FJ, Guo Y, Zeng L, Lu X, Wang F. A short review on human exposure to and tissue distribution of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 636:1058-1069. [PMID: 29913568 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
PFASs are widely distributed in natural and living environment and can enter human bodies via different routes. Many studies have reported that PFASs may be associated with human diseases, such as urine acid and thyroid diseases. In this study, we reviewed PFAS levels in human bodies reported in past seven years, including blood, urine, milk, and tissues (hair and nails). Most studies focused on human blood. Blood type, spatiality, human age, and gender were found to have a strong relationship with PFAS levels in blood samples. The PFAS distribution in urine samples was reported to be associated with the chain length of PFASs and human gender. Urinary excretion was found to be an important pathway of PFAS elimination. PFAS levels in human milk might be affected by various factors, such as mothers' age, dietary habit, parity of mothers and the interval of interpregnancy. Data in hair and nails remain very limited, but these matrices offer a non-invasive approach to evaluate human exposure to PFASs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Meng Jian
- School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Da Chen
- School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Fu-Juan Han
- Nuclear and Radiation Safety Center, Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100082, China
| | - Ying Guo
- School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Lixi Zeng
- School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xingwen Lu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Fei Wang
- School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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Cao W, Liu X, Liu X, Zhou Y, Zhang X, Tian H, Wang J, Feng S, Wu Y, Bhatti P, Wen S, Sun X. Perfluoroalkyl substances in umbilical cord serum and gestational and postnatal growth in a Chinese birth cohort. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 116:197-205. [PMID: 29698896 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Although animal studies have found that perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) affect gestational and postnatal growth, the epidemiological findings are limited and not in agreement. We explored the associations of PFAS concentrations in umbilical cord blood with gestational and postnatal growth in China. Three hundred thirty-seven singleton newborns and their mothers were recruited from November 2013 to December 2015 in Zhoukou City, China. Umbilical cord blood was collected to measure eleven PFASs by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The index of gestational and postnatal growth contained fetal weight, length, and head circumference. These were obtained at birth and at the follow-up investigation (mean 19 months). Exposed to higher perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) were connected with reduced length at birth (p for trend = 0.01) and decreased postnatal weight (β = -429.2 g; 95% CI: -858.4, -0.121 for 2nd VS. 1st). Exposed to perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUdA) were positively associated with indications of gestational growth and postnatal growth (p for trend = 0.02 for birth length; p for trend = 0.04 for postnatal length). Exposed to higher perfluorododecanoic acid (PFDoA) were associated with lower birth weight (β = -122.9 g, 95% CI: -244.7 to -1.2 for 2nd VS. 1st), but higher postnatal length (p for trend = 0.03). Neonates in the highest exposure group of per-fluorohexanesulfonate (PFHxS) showed decreased birth length (β = -0.33 cm, 95% CI: -0.68 to -0.01, for 2nd VS. 1st), but increased postnatal head circumference (p for trend = 0.04). Increased PFOA concentrations was associated with shorter birth length only in girls (p for trend = 0.04), suggesting that the effect of PFASs on gestational growth were different between boys and girls. In utero exposure to PFASs may affect gestational and postnatal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wencheng Cao
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Applied Toxicology, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, #6 Zhuo Daoquan North Road, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Applied Toxicology, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, #6 Zhuo Daoquan North Road, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Xiaofang Liu
- Analytical Chemistry, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, LiuFang Campus, No.206, Guanggu 1st road, Wuhan 430205, PR China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Applied Toxicology, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, #6 Zhuo Daoquan North Road, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Applied Toxicology, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, #6 Zhuo Daoquan North Road, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Xiaotian Zhang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Applied Toxicology, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, #6 Zhuo Daoquan North Road, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Haoyuan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, #27 Nan Wei Road, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Jin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, #27 Nan Wei Road, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Shixian Feng
- Institute of Chronic and Non-Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Henan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nongye Donglu South, Zhengzhou 450016, PR China
| | - Yongning Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health (CFSA) and China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, #7 Panjiayuan Nanli, Beijing 100021, PR China
| | - Parveen Bhatti
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave. N., Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Sheng Wen
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Applied Toxicology, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, #6 Zhuo Daoquan North Road, Wuhan 430079, PR China.
| | - Xin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, #27 Nan Wei Road, Beijing 100050, PR China.
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87
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Miura R, Araki A, Miyashita C, Kobayashi S, Kobayashi S, Wang SL, Chen CH, Miyake K, Ishizuka M, Iwasaki Y, Ito YM, Kubota T, Kishi R. An epigenome-wide study of cord blood DNA methylations in relation to prenatal perfluoroalkyl substance exposure: The Hokkaido study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 115:21-28. [PMID: 29544137 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) influences fetal development and later in life. OBJECTIVE To investigate cord blood DNA methylation changes associated with prenatal exposure to PFASs. METHODS We assessed DNA methylation in cord blood samples from 190 mother-child pairs from the Sapporo cohort of the Hokkaido Study (discovery cohort) and from 37 mother-child pairs from the Taiwan Maternal and Infant Cohort Study (replication cohort) using the Illumina HumanMethylation 450 BeadChip. We examined the associations between methylation and PFAS levels in maternal serum using robust linear regression models and identified differentially methylated positions (DMPs) and regions (DMRs). RESULTS We found four DMPs with a false discovery rate below 0.05 in the discovery cohort. Among the top 20 DMPs ranked by the lowest P-values for perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) exposure, four DMPs showed the same direction of effect and P-value < 0.05 in the replication assay: cg16242615 mapped to ZBTB7A, cg21876869 located in the intergenic region (IGR) of USP2-AS1, cg00173435 mapped to TCP11L2, and cg18901140 located in IGR of NTN1. For DMRs, we found a region associated with PFOA exposure with family-wise error rate < 0.1 located in ZFP57, showing the same direction of effect in the replication cohort. Among the top five DMRs ranked by the lowest P-values that were associated with exposure to PFOS and PFOA, in addition to ZFP57, DMRs in the CYP2E1, SMAD3, SLC17A9, GFPT2, DUSP22, and TCERG1L genes showed the same direction of effect in the replication cohort. CONCLUSION We suggest that prenatal exposure to PFASs may affect DNA methylation status at birth. Longitudinal studies are needed to examine whether methylation changes observed are associated with differential health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryu Miura
- Hokkaido University Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Atsuko Araki
- Hokkaido University Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Chihiro Miyashita
- Hokkaido University Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Sumitaka Kobayashi
- Hokkaido University Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Sachiko Kobayashi
- Hokkaido University Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shu-Li Wang
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hsing Chen
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan; Taiwan Bioinformatics Core, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Kunio Miyake
- Department of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Mayumi Ishizuka
- Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Iwasaki
- Department of Physiology and Molecular Sciences, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoichi M Ito
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takeo Kubota
- Faculty of Child Studies, Seitoku University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Reiko Kishi
- Hokkaido University Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Sapporo, Japan.
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88
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Vedagiri UK, Anderson RH, Loso HM, Schwach CM. Ambient levels of PFOS and PFOA in multiple environmental media. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/rem.21548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard H. Anderson
- Environmental Scientist, U.S. Air Force Civil Engineer Center (AFCEC); San Antonio Texas
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89
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Malits J, Blustein J, Trasande L, Attina TM. Perfluorooctanoic acid and low birth weight: Estimates of US attributable burden and economic costs from 2003 through 2014. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2018; 221:269-275. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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90
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Mamsen LS, Jönsson BAG, Lindh CH, Olesen RH, Larsen A, Ernst E, Kelsey TW, Andersen CY. Concentration of perfluorinated compounds and cotinine in human foetal organs, placenta, and maternal plasma. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 596-597:97-105. [PMID: 28426990 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.04.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are bio-accumulative pollutants, and prenatal exposure to PFASs is believed to impact human foetal development and may have long-term adverse health effects later in life. Additionally, maternal cigarette smoking may be associated with PFAS levels. Foetal exposure has previously been estimated from umbilical cord plasma, but the actual concentration in foetal organs has never been measured. OBJECTIVES The concentrations of 5 PFASs and cotinine - the primary metabolite of nicotine - were measured in human foetuses, placentas, and maternal plasma to evaluate to what extent these compounds were transferred from mother to foetus and to determine if the PFAS concentrations were associated with maternal cigarette smoking. METHODS Thirty-nine Danish women who underwent legal termination of pregnancy before gestational week 12 were included; 24 maternal blood samples were obtained together with 34 placental samples and 108 foetal organs. PFASs and cotinine were assayed by liquid chromatography/triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. RESULTS In foetal organs, the average concentrations of perfluorooctanesulphonic acid (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnDa), and perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) were 0.6ng/g, 0.2ng/g, 0.1ng/g, 0.1ng/g, and 0.1ng/g, respectively. A significant positive correlation was found between the exposure duration, defined as foetal age, and foetal to maternal ratio for all five PFASs and cotinine. Smokers presented 99ng/g cotinine in plasma, 108ng/g in placenta, and 61ng/g in foetal organs. No correlation between the maternal cotinine concentrations and PFAS concentrations was found. CONCLUSIONS PFASs were transferred from mother to foetus, however, with different efficiencies. The concentrations of PFOS, PFOA, PFNA, PFUnDA, and PFDA in foetal organs were much lower than the maternal concentrations. Furthermore, a significant correlation between the exposure duration and all of the evaluated PFASs was found. The health-compromising concentrations of these substances during foetal development are unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linn Salto Mamsen
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Section 5712, The Juliane Marie Centre for Women, Children and Reproduction, University Hospital of Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Bo A G Jönsson
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 223 61 Lund, Sweden
| | - Christian H Lindh
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 223 61 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Rasmus H Olesen
- Department of Biomedicine - Pharmacology, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Agnete Larsen
- Department of Biomedicine - Pharmacology, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Erik Ernst
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital of Aarhus, Skejby Sygehus, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Thomas W Kelsey
- School of Computer Science, University of St. Andrews, KY16 9SX St. Andrews, United Kingdom.
| | - Claus Yding Andersen
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Section 5712, The Juliane Marie Centre for Women, Children and Reproduction, University Hospital of Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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91
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Dong Z, Bahar MM, Jit J, Kennedy B, Priestly B, Ng J, Lamb D, Liu Y, Duan L, Naidu R. Issues raised by the reference doses for perfluorooctane sulfonate and perfluorooctanoic acid. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2017; 105:86-94. [PMID: 28521193 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
On 25th May 2016, the U.S. EPA released reference doses (RfDs) for Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) and Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) of 20ng/kg/day, which were much more conservative than previous values. These RfDs rely on the choices of animal point of departure (PoD) and the toxicokinetics (TK) model. At this stage, considering that the human evidence is not strong enough for RfD determination, using animal data may be appropriate but with more uncertainties. In this article, the uncertainties concerning RfDs from the choices of PoD and TK models are addressed. Firstly, the candidate PoDs should include more critical endpoints (such as immunotoxicity), which may lead to lower RfDs. Secondly, the reliability of the adopted three-compartment TK model is compromised: the parameters are not non-biologically plausible; and this TK model was applied to simulate gestation and lactation exposures, while the two exposure scenarios were not actually included in the model structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaomin Dong
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, The Faculty of Science and Information Technology, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Md Mezbaul Bahar
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, The Faculty of Science and Information Technology, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Joytishna Jit
- Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Future Industries Institute (FII), University of South Australia, University Parade, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
| | - Bruce Kennedy
- Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Brian Priestly
- Australian Centre for Human Health Risk Assessment, School of Public Health & Preventive Medicine, Monash University, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Jack Ng
- The University of Queensland, National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology-Entox, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Dane Lamb
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, The Faculty of Science and Information Technology, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Yanju Liu
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, The Faculty of Science and Information Technology, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Luchun Duan
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, The Faculty of Science and Information Technology, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Ravi Naidu
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, The Faculty of Science and Information Technology, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
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92
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Makey CM, Webster TF, Martin JW, Shoeib M, Harner T, Dix-Cooper L, Webster GM. Airborne Precursors Predict Maternal Serum Perfluoroalkyl Acid Concentrations. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:7667-7675. [PMID: 28535063 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b00615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Human exposure to persistent perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs), including perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), and perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), can occur directly from contaminated food, water, air, and dust. However, precursors to PFAAs (PreFAAs), such as dipolyfluoroalkyl phosphates (diPAPs), fluorotelomer alcohols (FTOHs), perfluorooctyl sulfonamides (FOSAs), and sulfonamidoethanols (FOSEs), which can be biotransformed to PFAAs, may also be a source of exposure. PFAAs were analyzed in 50 maternal sera samples collected in 2007-2008 from participants in Vancouver, Canada, while PFAAs and PreFAAs were measured in matching samples of residential bedroom air collected by passive sampler and in sieved vacuum dust (<150 μm). Concentrations of PreFAAs were higher than for PFAAs in air and dust. Positive associations were discovered between airborne 10:2 FTOH and serum PFOA and PFNA and between airborne MeFOSE and serum PFOS. On average, serum PFOS concentrations were 2.3 ng/mL (95%CI: 0.40, 4.3) higher in participants with airborne MeFOSE concentrations in the highest tertile relative to the lowest tertile. Among all PFAAs, only PFNA in air and vacuum dust predicted serum PFNA. Results suggest that airborne PFAA precursors were a source of PFOA, PFNA, and PFOS exposure in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen M Makey
- Boston University School of Public Health , Department of Environmental Health, 715 Albany Street T4W, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, United States
| | - Thomas F Webster
- Boston University School of Public Health , Department of Environmental Health, 715 Albany Street T4W, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, United States
| | - Jonathan W Martin
- Division of Analytical & Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Mahiba Shoeib
- Air Quality Processes Research Section, Environment and Climate Change Canada , Toronto, Ontario M3H 5T4, Canada
| | - Tom Harner
- Air Quality Processes Research Section, Environment and Climate Change Canada , Toronto, Ontario M3H 5T4, Canada
| | - Linda Dix-Cooper
- Environmental Health Services, BC Centre for Disease Control , Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4R4, Canada
| | - Glenys M Webster
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University , Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
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93
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Li M, Zeng XW, Qian ZM, Vaughn MG, Sauvé S, Paul G, Lin S, Lu L, Hu LW, Yang BY, Zhou Y, Qin XD, Xu SL, Bao WW, Zhang YZ, Yuan P, Wang J, Zhang C, Tian YP, Nian M, Xiao X, Fu C, Dong GH. Isomers of perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) in cord serum and birth outcomes in China: Guangzhou Birth Cohort Study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2017; 102:1-8. [PMID: 28297681 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Prior investigations on the associations of polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) with fetal growth are mixed. Moreover, little research has accrued pertaining to the association between isomers of PFASs with gestational age and birth weight. To address this gap and present novel information, we conducted a study including 321 pairs of mothers and their infants recruited from Guangzhou, China. High performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was utilized to analyze isomers of perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) along with other PFAS levels in cord serum samples. Mothers' and infants' characteristics were gathered from medical records. The resulting data revealed that higher PFOS, PFOA and isomers of PFOS were associated with lower birth weight. Per ln-unit (ng/mL) increase in cord serum total branched PFOS isomers was associated with a 126.3g (95% CI: -195.9, -56.8) reduction in the weight of infants at birth, while an ln-unit (ng/mL) increase of serum linear PFOS isomers (n-PFOS) was associated with a 57.2g (95% CI: -103.1, -11.3) reduction in the weight of infants at birth upon the subsequent adjustment for potential confounding variables. Notably, the association between cord PFAS level and birth weight was more pronounced in male infants. Furthermore, a positive association among branched PFOS isomers (1m-PFOS and 3+4+5m-PFOS) and gestational age was found. No associations could be found among other PFASs in conjunction with gestational age or birth weight. In conclusion, this investigation suggests that higher PFAS concentrations are associated with lower birth weight, and branched PFOS isomers show greater impact on infant birth weight than linear PFOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiao-Wen Zeng
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zhengmin Min Qian
- Department of Epidemiology, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis 63104, USA
| | - Michael G Vaughn
- School of Social Work, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis 63104, USA
| | - Sébastien Sauvé
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Gunther Paul
- Faculty of Health, School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Australia
| | - Shao Lin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12144-3445, USA
| | - Long Lu
- Liwan District Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Guangzhou 510375, China
| | - Li-Wen Hu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Bo-Yi Yang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiao-Di Qin
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Shu-Li Xu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Wen-Wen Bao
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ya-Zhi Zhang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ping Yuan
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Chuan Zhang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yan-Peng Tian
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Min Nian
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiang Xiao
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Chuanxi Fu
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China.
| | - Guang-Hui Dong
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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94
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Zhang YZ, Zeng XW, Qian ZM, Vaughn MG, Geiger SD, Hu LW, Lu L, Fu C, Dong GH. Perfluoroalkyl substances with isomer analysis in umbilical cord serum in China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:13626-13637. [PMID: 28391466 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8954-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are a class of widely used chemicals that have been detected in the environment and general population. However, the isomer patterns in human are poorly characterized. Previous studies observed the isomer-specific maternal-fetal transfer of PFASs in human. In our current study, we first examined the profile of PFASs and isomers, including 17 linear PFASs and 10 branched PFOS/PFOA isomers by using isotopic internal standards in umbilical cord serum samples from Guangzhou, China. We collected a total of 321 of cord blood serum samples from July to October in 2013, and analyzed the PFASs concentration with isomer-specific PFASs analysis method. The results showed that 9 out of 17 PFASs (linear PFASs) were detected (>50% detection rate). Perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS, median 3.87 ng/mL) was the predominant, followed by total PFOS (median 2.99 ng/mL) and total PFOA (median 1.23 ng/mL) in cord serum. In addition, 1m-, iso-, ∑3+4+5m-PFOS and iso-PFOA were the branched PFASs detected in the current study. The proportion of linear PFOS (n-PFOS) was 75.16% of ∑PFOS which was similar to the proportion of electrochemical fluorination that produces ca. 70% linear PFOS and 30% branched. On the contrary, linear PFOA (n-PFOA) accounted for 98.69% ∑PFOA in cord serum samples. Our finding indicates distinct PFASs and PFOS/PFOA isomer profile in cord serum, suggesting there might be a different exposure pathway and metabolism of PFASs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Zhi Zhang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xiao-Wen Zeng
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zhengmin Min Qian
- Department of Epidemiology, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Michael G Vaughn
- School of Social Work, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Sarah Dee Geiger
- School of Nursing and Health Studies, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, 60115, USA
| | - Li-Wen Hu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Long Lu
- Liwan District Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Guangzhou, 510375, China
| | - Chuanxi Fu
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Guang-Hui Dong
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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95
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Christensen KY, Raymond M, Blackowicz M, Liu Y, Thompson BA, Anderson HA, Turyk M. Perfluoroalkyl substances and fish consumption. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 154:145-151. [PMID: 28073048 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are an emerging class of contaminants. Certain PFAS are regulated or voluntarily limited due to concern about environmental persistence and adverse health effects, including thyroid disease and dyslipidemia. The major source of PFAS exposure in the general population is thought to be consumption of seafood. OBJECTIVES In this analysis we examine PFAS levels and their determinants, as well as associations between PFAS levels and self-reported fish and shellfish consumption, using a representative sample of the U.S. METHODS Data on PFAS levels and self-reported fish consumption over the past 30 days were collected from the 2007-2008, 2009-2010, 2011-2012, and 2013-2014 cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Twelve different PFAS were measured in serum samples from participants. Ordinary least squares regression models were used to identify factors (demographic characteristics and fish consumption habits) associated with serum PFAS concentrations. Additional models were further adjusted for other potential exposures including military service and consumption of ready-to-eat and fast foods. RESULTS Seven PFAS were detected in at least 30% of participants and were examined in subsequent analyses (PFDA, PFOA, PFOS, PFHxS, MPAH, PFNA, PFUA). The PFAS with the highest concentrations were PFOS, followed by PFOA, PFHxS and PFNA (medians of 8.3, 2.7, 1.5 and 1.0ng/mL). Fish consumption was generally low, with a median of 1.2 fish meals and 0.14 shellfish meals, reported over the past 30 days. After adjusting for demographic characteristics, total fish consumption was associated with reduced MPAH, and with elevated PFDE, PFNA and PFuDA. Shellfish consumption was associated with elevations of all PFAS examined except MPAH. Certain specific fish and shellfish types were also associated with specific PFAS. Adjustment for additional exposure variables resulted in little to no change in effect estimates for seafood variables. CONCLUSIONS PFAS are emerging contaminants with widespread exposure, persistence, and potential for adverse health effects. In the general population, fish and shellfish consumption are associated with PFAS levels, which may indicate an avenue for education and outreach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista Y Christensen
- Wisconsin Department of Health Services, 1 West Wilson Street, Madison, WI 53703, United States.
| | - Michelle Raymond
- Wisconsin Department of Health Services, 1 West Wilson Street, Madison, WI 53703, United States
| | - Michael Blackowicz
- University of Illinois at Chicago School of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, 1603 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Yangyang Liu
- University of Illinois at Chicago School of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, 1603 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Brooke A Thompson
- Wisconsin Department of Health Services, 1 West Wilson Street, Madison, WI 53703, United States
| | - Henry A Anderson
- University of Wisconsin-Madison Department of Population Health Sciences, 614 Walnut Street, Madison, WI 53726, United States
| | - Mary Turyk
- University of Illinois at Chicago School of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, 1603 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
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96
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Su G, Letcher RJ, Moore JN, Williams LL, Grasman KA. Contaminants of emerging concern in Caspian tern compared to herring gull eggs from Michigan colonies in the Great Lakes of North America. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 222:154-164. [PMID: 28089466 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.12.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A broad suite of 87 contaminants of emerging concern (CECs), including 26 polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), 23 non-PBDEs halogenated FRs (NPHFRs), 16 organophosphate esters (OPEs), 4 perfluorinated sulfonates (PFSAs), 13 perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs) and 5 emerging perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) or precursors, were determined in 30 individual Caspian tern (listed as a threatened species in the U.S. State of Michigan) eggs collected in 2013 and 2014 from Michigan nesting sites on Two Tree Island (St, Mary's River), Charity Reef (Saginaw Bay) and Channel-Shelter Island (a Confined Disposal Facility (CDF) in Saginaw Bay). The same CEC suite was determined in 10 herring gull eggs on the Pipe Island Twins in the lower St. Mary's River. In tern eggs, the order of concentrations were ΣPFSA (mean: 793 ng/g wet weight (ww); range: 116-4690 ng/g ww) > ΣPFCAs (131; 30.4-506 ng/g ww) ≈ ΣPBDEs (86.7; 32.4-189 ng/g ww) » ΣNPHFRs (0.67; ND-4.3 ng/g ww) ≈ ΣOPEs (0.46; ND-2.89 ng/g ww). Compared to gull eggs collected from the same area, tern egg exposure contained significantly lower concentrations of ΣPBDE, but with up to 10 times greater mean concentrations of ΣPFSAs and ΣPFCAs. This study highlights the importance of consistent monitoring in eggs of different Great Lakes birds of PBDEs, perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluoro-4-ethylcyclohexane sulfonate (PFEtCHxS) given that: 1) PBDE concentrations in all analyzed avian eggs exceeded or approached a concentration of 29 ng/g ww, which for birds is the current Canadian FEQG (Federal Environmental Quality Guideline); 2) ΣPBDE concentrations were comparable to lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) values reported in the literature; 3) PFOS concentrations in Caspian tern eggs were extremely high with many eggs across sites exceeding 1 ppm, and with the greatest being up to 4.7 ppm; and 4) PFEtCHxS, a potentially persistent and bioaccumulative substance, showed a detection frequency of 100% in 40 of the analyzed eggs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanyong Su
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Wildlife and Landscape Directorate, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Wildlife Research Center, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Robert J Letcher
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Wildlife and Landscape Directorate, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Wildlife Research Center, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada.
| | - Jeremy N Moore
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, East Lansing Ecological Services Field Office, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Lisa L Williams
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, East Lansing Ecological Services Field Office, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Keith A Grasman
- Department of Biology, Calvin College, Grand Rapids, MI, 49546, USA
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97
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Tsai MS, Lin CC, Chen MH, Hsieh WS, Chen PC. Perfluoroalkyl substances and thyroid hormones in cord blood. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 222:543-548. [PMID: 28024813 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are pollutants that tend to accumulate in the environment and organisms. The animal and human studies to date have focused on thyroid function, but the results are inconsistent. METHODS A sample of 118 mother-infant pairs was obtained from the Taiwan Birth Panel Study (TBPS). Cord blood PFASs levels were evaluated using the Waters ACQUITY UPLC system coupled with a Waters Quattro Premier XE triple quadrupole mass spectrometer, and cord blood thyroid hormones were assessed using a Roche Analytics E170 modular analyser (Roche Diagnostics, Mannheim, Germany). PFASs concentrations were analysed in the final models to examine the associations between cord blood PFASs levels and thyroid hormone concentrations. RESULTS The cord blood perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) concentration was negatively associated with the cord blood thyroxine (T4) concentration [per ln unit: adjusted β (95% confidence interval, CI) = -0.458(-0.916, -0.001)]. Moreover, the level of cord blood thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) was positively associated with the cord blood PFOS concentration [per ln unit: adjusted β (95% confidence interval, CI) = 0.346(0.101, 0.592)]. The sex stratified effects of PFOS on T4 were suggestive of differential effects in high-exposure groups compared with low-exposure group in boys. CONCLUSIONS We found that cord blood thyroid hormone levels are affected by PFASs, with a negative association between T4 and PFOS and a positive association between TSH and PFOS. The causal associations of thyroid hormones and PFASs require further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Shan Tsai
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chun Lin
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Huei Chen
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Taiwan
| | - Wu-Shiun Hsieh
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pau-Chung Chen
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, National Taiwan University College of Public Health, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
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98
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Negri E, Metruccio F, Guercio V, Tosti L, Benfenati E, Bonzi R, La Vecchia C, Moretto A. Exposure to PFOA and PFOS and fetal growth: a critical merging of toxicological and epidemiological data. Crit Rev Toxicol 2017; 47:482-508. [PMID: 28617200 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2016.1271972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Toxicological and epidemiological evidence on the association between perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) or perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) and birth/fetal weight was assessed. An extensive search for toxicological information in rats and mice, and a systematic search for epidemiological evidence were conducted. The linear regression coefficient (LRC) of birth weight (BrthW) on PFOA/PFOS was considered, and separate random effects meta-analyses for untransformed (i.e. not mathematically transformed) and log-transformed values were performed. Toxicological evidence: PFOA: 12 studies (21 datasets) in mice showed statistically significant lower birth/fetal weights from 5 mg/kg body weight per day. PFOS: most of the 13 studies (19 datasets) showed lower birth/fetal weights following in utero exposure. Epidemiological evidence: Sixteen articles were considered. The pooled LRC for a 1 ng/mL increase in untransformed PFOA (12 studies) in maternal plasma/serum was -12.8 g (95% CI -23.2; 2.4), and -27.1 g (95% CI -50.6; -3.6) for an increase of 1 loge ng/mL PFOA (nine studies). The pooled LRC for untransformed PFOS (eight studies) was -0.92 g (95%CI -3.4; 1.6), and for an increase of 1 loge ng/mL was -46.1(95% CI -80.3; -11.9). No consistent pattern emerged for study location or timing of blood sampling. CONCLUSIONS Epidemiological and toxicological evidence suggests that PFOA and PFOS elicit a decrease in BrthW both in humans and rodents. However, the effective animal extrapolated serum concentrations are 102-103 times higher than those in humans. Thus, there is no quantitative toxicological evidence to support the epidemiological association, thus reducing the biological plausibility of a causal relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Negri
- a IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri , Milan , Italy
| | - Francesca Metruccio
- b ICPS-International Centre for Pesticides and Health Risk Prevention , ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco , Milan , Italy
| | - Valentina Guercio
- a IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri , Milan , Italy.,c Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milan , Italy
| | - Luca Tosti
- b ICPS-International Centre for Pesticides and Health Risk Prevention , ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco , Milan , Italy
| | - Emilio Benfenati
- a IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri , Milan , Italy
| | - Rossella Bonzi
- c Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milan , Italy
| | - Carlo La Vecchia
- c Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milan , Italy
| | - Angelo Moretto
- b ICPS-International Centre for Pesticides and Health Risk Prevention , ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco , Milan , Italy.,d Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milan , Italy
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99
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Shi Y, Yang L, Li J, Lai J, Wang Y, Zhao Y, Wu Y. Occurrence of perfluoroalkyl substances in cord serum and association with growth indicators in newborns from Beijing. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 169:396-402. [PMID: 27886542 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.11.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), a group of environmental pollutants, persistently exist in the environment. To investigate the associations between PFASs levels in cord serum and birth weight, birth length and ponderal index, we measured PFASs in cord serum samples from 170 infants from Feb. 2012 to Jun. 2012 in Beijing, China. The mean concentrations in cord serum samples for perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) and perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnA) were 1.285 ng/mL, 1.228 ng/mL, 0.230 ng/mL, 0.224 ng/mL, 0.100 ng/mL and 0.085 ng/mL, respectively. First-born children had slightly higher exposure levels of PFHxS (p < 0.001) and PFOA (p = 0.03) than second-born or third-born children. The spearman correlation coefficients with gestation time were individually 0.160 (p = 0.038) for PFHxS and 0.202 (p = 0.008) for PFOA. Both univariate and multivariate linear regression analysis showed that the exposure levels of PFASs had no statistically significant associations with birth weight, birth length or ponderal index in the present population. For male infants, we observed that PFHxS positively correlated with birth length, but the levels of PFUnA were negatively associated with birth length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Shi
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health and China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, No. 7, Panjiayuannanli, 100021, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, 52 Fu-Cheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100142, China; National Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health and China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, No. 7, Panjiayuannanli, 100021, Beijing, China
| | - Jingguang Li
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health and China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, No. 7, Panjiayuannanli, 100021, Beijing, China.
| | - Jianqiang Lai
- National Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, China
| | - Yuxin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health and China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, No. 7, Panjiayuannanli, 100021, Beijing, China
| | - Yunfeng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health and China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, No. 7, Panjiayuannanli, 100021, Beijing, China
| | - Yongning Wu
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health and China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, No. 7, Panjiayuannanli, 100021, Beijing, China.
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100
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Crawford NM, Fenton SE, Strynar M, Hines EP, Pritchard DA, Steiner AZ. Effects of perfluorinated chemicals on thyroid function, markers of ovarian reserve, and natural fertility. Reprod Toxicol 2017; 69:53-59. [PMID: 28111093 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorinated chemicals (PFCs) can act as endocrine-disrupting chemicals, but there has been limited study of their effects on ovarian reserve or fecundability. 99 women, 30-44 years old, without infertility were followed until pregnancy. Initially, serum was evaluated for Antimullerian hormone (AMH), thyroid hormones: thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroxine (T4), free thyroxine (fT4), and triiodothyronine (T3), and PFCs: perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), and perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS). Bivariate analyses assessed the relationship between thyroid hormones, AMH, and PFCs. Fecundability ratios (FR) were determined for each PFC using a discrete time-varying Cox model and a day-specific probability model. PFC levels were positively correlated with each other (r 0.24-0.90), but there was no correlation with TSH (r 0.02-0.15) or AMH (r -0.01 to -0.15). FR point estimates for each PFC were neither strong nor statistically significant. Although increased exposure to PFCs correlates with thyroid hormone levels, there is no significant association with fecundability or ovarian reserve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie M Crawford
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina, 4001 Old Campus Building, CB 7570, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Suzanne E Fenton
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Mark Strynar
- The National Exposure Research Laboratory, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Erin P Hines
- National Center for Environmental Assessment, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - David A Pritchard
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina, 3101 McGavran-Greenberg Hall, CB 7420, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Anne Z Steiner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina, 4001 Old Campus Building, CB 7570, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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