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Zhang L, Bai Y, Su S, Ouyang Z, Liu L, Pan G, Qian D, Duan J. Metabolism, transformation and dynamic changes of alkaloids in silkworm during feeding mulberry leaves. Nat Prod Res 2018; 33:1182-1190. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1465422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Zhang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing, China
| | - Yongliang Bai
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing, China
| | - Shulan Su
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing, China
| | - Zhen Ouyang
- School of Pharmaceutics, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang, China
| | - Li Liu
- Institute of Sericultural, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Zhenjiang, China
| | - Gang Pan
- Institute of Sericultural, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Zhenjiang, China
| | - Dawei Qian
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing, China
| | - Jinao Duan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing, China
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MA LL, YUAN YY, ZHAO M, ZHOU XR, Jehangir T, WANG FY, XI Y, BU SZ. Mori Cortex extract ameliorates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and insulin resistance in high-fat-diet/streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetes in rats. Chin J Nat Med 2018; 16:411-417. [DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(18)30074-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Zhang H, Ma ZF, Luo X, Li X. Effects of Mulberry Fruit ( Morus alba L.) Consumption on Health Outcomes: A Mini-Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2018; 7:E69. [PMID: 29883416 PMCID: PMC5981255 DOI: 10.3390/antiox7050069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mulberry (Morus alba L.) belongs to the Moraceae family and is widely planted in Asia. Mulberry fruits are generally consumed as fresh fruits, jams and juices. They contain considerable amounts of biologically active ingredients that might be associated with some potential pharmacological activities that are beneficial for health. Therefore, they have been traditionally used in traditional medicine. Studies have reported that the presence of bioactive components in mulberry fruits, including alkaloids and flavonoid, are associated with bioactivities such as antioxidant. One of the most important compounds in mulberry fruits is anthocyanins which are water-soluble bioactive ingredients of the polyphenol class. Studies have shown that mulberry fruits possess several potential pharmacological health benefits including anti-cholesterol, anti-obesity and hepatoprotective effects which might be associated with the presence of some of these bioactive compounds. However, human intervention studies on the pharmacological activities of mulberry fruits are limited. Therefore, future studies should explore the effect of mulberry fruit consumption on human health and elucidate the detailed compounds. This paper provides an overview of the pharmacological activities of mulberry fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Zhang
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand.
| | - Zheng Feei Ma
- Department of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China.
- School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu 15200, Malaysia.
| | - Xiaoqin Luo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Xinli Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
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He X, Fang J, Ruan Y, Wang X, Sun Y, Wu N, Zhao Z, Chang Y, Ning N, Guo H, Huang L. Structures, bioactivities and future prospective of polysaccharides from Morus alba (white mulberry): A review. Food Chem 2018; 245:899-910. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.11.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Wang H, Shi S, Wang S. Can highly cited herbs in ancient Traditional Chinese medicine formulas and modern publications predict therapeutic targets for diabetes mellitus? JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 213:101-110. [PMID: 29102765 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The prevalence of diabetes among all age groups worldwide was estimated to be more than 382 million in 2013. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been practiced for thousands of years, and substantial valuable experience and prescriptions have been accumulated in the TCM system for the treatment of diabetes. In recent decades, a large amount of experimental and clinical data has been published on the use of herbal medicines related to these ancient TCM prescriptions. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to discover a method for the investigation of potential antidiabetic herbs from the large amount of data in ancient TCM formulas and modern publications and to verify this method through an in vitro bioactivity study. MATERIALS AND METHODS In our review, the most frequently cited TCM herbs were selected as potential antidiabetic herb candidates on the basis of TCM philosophical theory (ancient TCM formulas) and Western medicine philosophical theory (modern publications). The ethanol and aqueous extracts of the selected herbs were screened for their α-glucosidase inhibitory, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS), and intestinal glucose transport inhibitory effects. RESULTS Twelve herbs [Terminalia chebula Retz., fructus immaturus, dried; Poria cocos (Schw) Wolf., sclerotium, dried; Zea mays L., stigma, dried; Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi, radix, dried; Cucurbita moschata (Duch. ex Lam.) Duch. ex Poiret, fructus, dried; Lycium barbarum L., fructus, dried; Glycine max (L.) Merr., semen, fermented; Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch., radix and rhizoma, dried; Dioscorea opposita Thunb., rhizoma, dried; Morus alba L., folium, dried, Morus alba L., fructus, dried; and Polygonatum odoratum (Mill.) Druce, rhizoma, dried] were finally selected as candidates with potential glucose-lowering effects after a review was performed of herbs that are frequently cited in ancient TCM formulas and modern publications. The bioactive study results demonstrated that both the ethanol extracts and crude polysaccharides of M. alba L., fructus, dried, and M. alba L., folium, dried, and the crude polysaccharides of T. chebula Retz., fructus immaturus, dried, exhibited α-glucosidase inhibitory effects. Moreover, the crude polysaccharides of P. cocos (Schw) Wolf., sclerotium, dried; Z. mays L., stigma, dried; and T. chebula Retz., fructus immaturus, dried, exhibited favorable GSIS effects, and the ethanol extracts of P. odoratum (Mill.) Druce, rhizoma, dried; T. chebula Retz., fructus immaturus, dried; and G. uralensis Fisch., radix and rhizoma, dried, significantly decreased glucose transport across the cell monolayer. CONCLUSIONS Our review and the preliminary bioactive study revealed that 10 of the 12 recommended edible TCM herbs had favorable antidiabetic effects, demonstrating that TCM herbs with a high prescription and publication frequency may provide insights into the potential therapeutic targets of diabetes mellitus and may aid in the discovery of effective compounds complementary to currently used medicines. Such a literature and medicine review is a useful method of exploring potential antidiabetic herbs by using the wealth of information in ancient TCM formulas and modern publications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijun Wang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China; Central Research Institute, Shanghai Pharmaceuticals Holding Co., Ltd., Building 5, 898 Halei Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China.
| | - Songshan Shi
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China.
| | - Shunchun Wang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China.
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A UPLC–MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of 1-deoxynojirimycin and N-methyl-1-deoxynojirimycin in rat plasma and its application in pharmacokinetic and absolute bioavailability studies. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1072:205-210. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.10.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Yan F, Chen X, Zheng X. Protective effect of mulberry fruit anthocyanin on human hepatocyte cells (LO2) and Caenorhabditis elegans under hyperglycemic conditions. Food Res Int 2017; 102:213-224. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Oyenihi AB, Chegou NN, Oguntibeju OO, Masola B. Centella asiatica enhances hepatic antioxidant status and regulates hepatic inflammatory cytokines in type 2 diabetic rats. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2017; 55:1671-1678. [PMID: 28447512 PMCID: PMC6130484 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2017.1318293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Neutralizing the over-activation of oxidative stress and inflammation remains an important goal in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Centella asiatica (L.) Urban (Apiaceae) (CA) has been used in traditional folklore in Africa and Asia to treat various ailments including diabetes. OBJECTIVE We investigated the hepatic antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of methanol extract of CA leaves in T2DM. MATERIALS AND METHODS T2DM was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats with 10% fructose in drinking water for 14 days followed by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (40 mg/kg b.wt). Hepatic oxidant/antioxidant status was assessed by measuring the concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), reduced glutathione (GSH) and activities of glutathione S-transferase (GST) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX). The concentrations of cytokines IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, MCP-1 and TNF-α in the liver were determined. RESULTS Diabetes increased MDA formed (47%) and reduced FRAP (20%), TEAC (15%), GSH levels (32%), significantly; decreased GST and GPX activities in the liver and elevated levels of cytokines studied. Treatment of diabetic rats with 500 mg/kg b.wt CA for 14 days decreased MDA (44%); elevated FRAP (15%) and GSH (131%) levels and increased the activities of GST and GPX by 16%. Hepatic concentrations of IL-1β, MCP-1 and TNF-α in DCA group were reduced to 68%, 75% and 63% of DC values, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of CA may protect tissues such as the liver from diabetes-induced oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayodeji B. Oyenihi
- Discipline of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Novel N. Chegou
- DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research and MRC Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Oluwafemi O. Oguntibeju
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Phytomedicine and Diabetes Research Group, Oxidative Stress Research Centre, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Bubuya Masola
- Discipline of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- CONTACT Bubuya Masola, Discipline of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, University Road, Durban4000, South Africa
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Mulberry leaf alleviates streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats by attenuating NEFA signaling and modulating intestinal microflora. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12041. [PMID: 28935866 PMCID: PMC5608946 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12245-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Improvement of hyperglycemia through dietotherapy/herbal remedy is an effective approach to treating diabetes. In this study, mulberry leaf, famous for silkworm’s special food and therapeutic value without any side effects, alleviated diabetes by attenuating NEFA signaling and modulating intestinal microflora. Mulberry leaf treatment significantly reduce fasting blood-glucose and HbA1c, ameliorate the blood lipid profile and improve insulin resistance in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Mechanistically, we found that mulberry leaf inhibited NEFA signaling by reducing downstream signaling in the NEFA pathway, further verified by reduced PKC and improved cellular energy homeostasis based on restored expression of PGC-1α, AK2, OXPHOS and adiponectin. Mulberry leaf treatment also restored the phyla Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria and class Clostridia, which were associated with insulin resistance and diabetes. Our findings reveal that mulberry leaf is an edible with therapeutic potential for diabetes and may provide a novel dietotherapy/herbal remedy to the treatment of diabetes.
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60
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Yin XL, Liu HY, Zhang YQ. Mulberry branch bark powder significantly improves hyperglycemia and regulates insulin secretion in type II diabetic mice. Food Nutr Res 2017; 61:1368847. [PMID: 28970780 PMCID: PMC5614128 DOI: 10.1080/16546628.2017.1368847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This experiment, based on the previous study on R. mori, introduces whole mulberry branch powder into the diet to treat diabetic mice. Mulberry branch bark powder (MBBP) was administered orally to streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type II diabetic (T2D) mice to investigate hypoglycemic effects. After a 4-week period of diet consumption containing 5%, 10% and 20% MBBP, the fasting blood glucose, body weight and the related western blotting were measured, pathologic and immunohistochemical were observed. The 20% MBBP group showed a significant reduction in hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia; fasting blood glucose and insulin decreased from 25.0 to 14.8 mmol/L and 26.5 to 16.0 mU/L, respectively. Pathologic and immunohistochemical observation showed that MBBP administration lead to the repair of pancreas cells and restoration of insulin secretion. Dietary MBBP was associated with the decrease in the contents of 3, 4-methylenedioxeamphetamine, 8-OHdG, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase, and the increase in antioxidative ability and glucose tolerance. Western blotting (WB) analysis suggested that MBBP decreased the TNF-α levels, thus relieving inflammation and improving liver function. It also led to the downregulation of apoptosis factor expression. WB also confirmed that MBBP enhanced the gene expression of the key enzymes: insulin receptor, insulin receptor substrate, p-AKT, GSK3β, glycogen synthase, G6Pase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, which are related to glucose metabolism in the liver, and increase the expression of the genes PDX-1, GLUT2, MafA, and glucokinase, related to insulin secretion. Thus, oral administration of MBBP regulated insulin secretion and effectively maintained normal levels of glucose metabolism in mice, which may be done by improving the antioxidant capacity and activating insulin signaling with T2D..
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lu Yin
- Silk Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, P R China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou, P R China
| | - Hua-Yu Liu
- Silk Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, P R China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou, P R China
| | - Yu-Qing Zhang
- Silk Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, P R China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou, P R China
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Wang N, Zhu F, Chen K. 1-Deoxynojirimycin: Sources, Extraction, Analysis and Biological Functions. Nat Prod Commun 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1701200934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
1-Deoxynojirimycin (DNJ), a natural polyhydroxylated piperidine alkaloid, is attracting growing attention due to its important biological functions. This paper introduces the discovery and origins of DNJ, its extraction, purification, and physiological functions in the treatment of diabetes. The mechanisms of DNJ in the inhibition of fat accumulation and tumor cell metastasis are also discussed. In addition, the prospects and challenges of DNJ for practical production are proposed. This work aims to provide technical advice on obtaining DNJ and a fuller understanding of its biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niannian Wang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212003, China
| | - Feifei Zhu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212003, China
| | - Keping Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212003, China
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62
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Yan F, Zheng X. Anthocyanin-rich mulberry fruit improves insulin resistance and protects hepatocytes against oxidative stress during hyperglycemia by regulating AMPK/ACC/mTOR pathway. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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63
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Guo J, Wang J, Song S, Liu Q, Huang Y, Xu Y, Wei Y, Zhang J. Sphallerocarpus gracilis polysaccharide protects pancreatic β-cells via regulation of the bax/bcl-2, caspase-3, pdx-1 and insulin signalling pathways. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 93:829-836. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.08.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Zheng YC, He H, Wei X, Ge S, Lu YH. Comparison of Regulation Mechanisms of Five Mulberry Ingredients on Insulin Secretion under Oxidative Stress. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:8763-8772. [PMID: 27802600 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b03845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The effects of mulberry ingredients including 1-deoxynojrimycin (DNJ), resveratrol (RES), oxyresveratrol (OXY), cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G), and cyanidin-3-rutinoside (C3R) on insulin secretion under oxidative stress were investigated. The results revealed that they had distinct effects on insulin secretion in H2O2-induced MIN 6 cells, especially DNJ, C3G, and C3R, while RES and OXY showed modest effects in low dose (12.5 μM). The mechanisms were demonstrated in signal pathway that after treatment with DNJ, C3G, and C3R, the expressions of glucokinase (GK) were up-regulated, leading to intracellular ATP accumulation and insulin secretion. They also bound to glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R), improved GLP-1R, duodenal homeobox factor-1 (PDX-1) expression, and stimulated insulin secretion. Moreover, ROS production was inhibited, followed by a decreasing apoptosis rate, while RES and OXY accelerated the apoptosis at high dose (50 μM). This work expounded the potential mechanisms of mulberry ingredients on insulin secretion, indicating the potential application in the intervention against hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Chong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology , 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao He
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology , 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology , 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Ge
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital , Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Hua Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology , 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
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Zhang Y, Feng F, Chen T, Li Z, Shen QW. Antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic activities of Forsythia suspensa (Thunb.) Vahl (fruit) in streptozotocin-induced diabetes mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 192:256-263. [PMID: 27377336 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The fruit of Forsythia suspense (Thunb.) Vahl, a well-known Chinese Materia Medica, has been traditionally used in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of diabetes and some other diseases, but the rational for the usage of this plant is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effect and potential mechanism of the fruit of F. suspensa using streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Crude methanol extract of F. suspense fruit was fractionated with different solvents and the ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) was selected for in vivo studies based on the in vitro α-amylase and HMG-CoA reductase (3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl coenzyme A) inhibiting activities. For in vivo study, diabetes mellitus was induced in mice with STZ. Diabetic mice were orally administrated with 50, 100 and 200mg/kg body weight of EAF for 4 weeks. Mouse body weight, blood glucose, glucose tolerance, biochemical parameters and gene expression related to pancreas and liver function were analyzed after EAF administration. RESULTS After 4 weeks of EAF intervention, a significant decrease in blood glucose, triglyceride, creatinine total cholesterol, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, and hepatic lipid (triglycerides and cholesterol) content as well as a significant increase in body weight, insulin secretion and glucose tolerance was observed in EAF treated diabetic mice. qRT-PCR analysis revealed that EAF antagonized STZ-induced alteration of the expression of rate-limiting enzymes (glucokinase and phosphorenolpyruvate carboxykinase) in liver and insulin secretion related genes insulin-1, insulin-2 and duodenal homeobox factor-1 in pancreas. CONCLUSION The ethyl acetate extract of Forsythia suspense (Thunb.) Vahl fruit has potency to develop an antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic agent for the treatment of diabetes mellitus via modulation of oxidative stress, the hepatic glucose metabolism and pancreatic insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Fu Feng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Ting Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zhongwen Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Qingwu W Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China.
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Yan F, Zhang J, Zhang L, Zheng X. Mulberry anthocyanin extract regulates glucose metabolism by promotion of glycogen synthesis and reduction of gluconeogenesis in human HepG2 cells. Food Funct 2016; 7:425-33. [PMID: 26467565 DOI: 10.1039/c5fo00841g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mulberry has been demonstrated to possess important biological activities such as antioxidation and antiinflammation. However, research on the ability of mulberry for diabetes improvement mainly focuses on the leaves and less on the fruit. This study showed that a mulberry anthocyanin extract (MAE) had a significant effect on increasing the glucose consumption in HepG2 cells. The MAE enhanced the glycogen content and suppressed levels of glucose production. The enzyme activities of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) were decreased in HepG2 cells after MAE treatment due to PPARγ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) and forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1) inhibition. Moreover, the phosphorylation of protein kinase B (AKT) and glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) was increased by the MAE, leading to an expression enhancement of glycogen synthase 2 (GYS2). And this effect was blocked by the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor LY294002. In summary, our results suggested that the MAE regulates glucose metabolism by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway that relates to glycogen synthesis as well as through the inhibition of key molecules that promote gluconeogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fujie Yan
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China. and Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji Zhang
- Biology Lab Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingxia Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China. and Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Zheng
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China. and Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
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Xie JH, Tang W, Jin ML, Li JE, Xie MY. Recent advances in bioactive polysaccharides from Lycium barbarum L., Zizyphus jujuba Mill, Plantago spp., and Morus spp.: Structures and functionalities. Food Hydrocoll 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2016.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Yan F, Dai G, Zheng X. Mulberry anthocyanin extract ameliorates insulin resistance by regulating PI3K/AKT pathway in HepG2 cells and db/db mice. J Nutr Biochem 2016; 36:68-80. [PMID: 27580020 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the capacity of mulberry anthocyanin extract (MAE) on insulin resistance amelioration in HepG2 cells induced by high glucose and palmitic acid and diabetes-related metabolic changes in type 2 diabetic mice. In vitro, MAE alleviated insulin resistance in HepG2 cells and increased glucose consumption, glucose uptake and glycogen content. Enzyme activities of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) were decreased due to PPARγ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) and forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1) inhibition. Furthermore, phosphorylation of protein kinase B (AKT) and glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) in model cells was recovered after treated with MAE, leading to an up-regulation of glycogen synthase 2 (GYS2), and this effect was blocked by the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor LY294002. In vivo, MAE supplementation (50 and 125 mg/kg body weight per day) markedly decreased fasting blood glucose, serum insulin, leptin, triglyceride and cholesterol levels and increased adiponectin levels in db/db mice. The improvement of related metabolic parameters was in part associated with the impact of MAE on activating AKT and downstream targets in liver, skeletal muscle and adipose tissues. In summary, these findings suggest that MAEs have potential benefits on improving dysfunction in diabetic mice and mitigating insulin resistance in HepG2 cells via activation of PI3K/AKT pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fujie Yan
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China; Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanhai Dai
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310007, China
| | - Xiaodong Zheng
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China; Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China.
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69
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The isolation and the characterization of two polysaccharides from the branch bark of mulberry (Morus alba L.). Arch Pharm Res 2016; 39:887-96. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-016-0742-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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70
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Mechanisms underlying the effect of polysaccharides in the treatment of type 2 diabetes: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 144:474-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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71
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Wang PC, Zhao S, Yang BY, Wang QH, Kuang HX. Anti-diabetic polysaccharides from natural sources: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 148:86-97. [PMID: 27185119 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.02.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 02/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease attracted worldwide concerns, which severely impairs peoples' quality of life and is attributed to several life-threatening complications, including atherosclerosis, nephropathy and retinopathy. The current therapies for DM include mainly oral anti-diabetic drugs and insulin. However, continuous use of these causes insulin resistance and side-effects, and the demand of effective, nontoxic and affordable drugs for DM patients is eager. Several previous studies have shown that non-toxic biological macromolecules, mainly polysaccharides, possess prominent efficacies on DM. Based on these encouraging observations, a great deal of efforts have been focused on discovering anti-diabetic polysaccharides for the development of effective therapeutics for DM. This review focuses on the advancements in the anti-diabetic efficacy of various natural polysaccharides and polysaccharide complexes from 2010 to 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Cheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing-You Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiu-Hong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hai-Xue Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China.
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72
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He H, Yu WG, Yang JP, Ge S, Lu YH. Multiple Comparisons of Glucokinase Activation Mechanisms of Five Mulberry Bioactive Ingredients in Hepatocyte. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:2475-2484. [PMID: 26292150 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b02823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Glucokinase (GK) activity, which is rapidly regulated by glucokinase regulatory protein (GKRP) in the liver, is crucial for blood glucose homeostasis. In this paper, the GK activation mechanisms of 1-deoxynojrimycin (DNJ), resveratrol (RES), oxyresveratrol (OXY), cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G), and cyanidin-3-rutinoside (C3R) were compared. The results revealed that DNJ, RES, C3G, and C3R could differently improve glucose consumption and enhance intracellular GK activities. DNJ and RES significantly promoted GK translocation at 12.5 μM, whereas other ingredients showed moderate effects. DNJ, C3G, and C3R could rupture intramolecular hydrogen bonds of GK to accelerate its allosteric activation at early stage. RES and OXY could bind to a "hydrophobic pocket" on GK to stabilize the active GK at the final stage. Otherwise, RES, OXY, C3G, and C3R could interact with GKRP at the F1P binding site to promote GK dissociation and translocation. Enzymatic assay showed that RES (15-50 μM) and OXY (25-50 μM) could significantly enhance GK activities, which was caused by their binding properties with GK. Moreover, the most dramatic up-regulation effects on GK expression were observed in C3G and C3R groups. This work expounded the differences between GK activation mechanisms, and the new findings would help to develop new GK activators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao He
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology , 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Wan-Guo Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology , 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Peng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology , 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Ge
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital , Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Hua Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology , 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
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73
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Qi SZ, Li N, Tuo ZD, Li JL, Xing SS, Li BB, Zhang L, Lee HS, Chen JG, Cui L. Effects of Morus root bark extract and active constituents on blood lipids in hyperlipidemia rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 180:54-9. [PMID: 26806569 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chinese crude drug Mori Cortex Radicis (the root cortex of Morus species) has been used as a folk medicine to treat hypertension, diabetes, as well as in expectorant, diuretic agents. This investigation aims to study the anti-hyperlipidemia effects of Mori Cortex Radicis (MCR) extracts in hyperlipidemic rat models and the potential therapeutic activities of compounds isolated from the extracts. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effects of MCR on hypolipidemic parameters were investigated using Wistar rats induced by high-lipid emulsion. Sixty healthy Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups: normal group, hyperlipidaemia model group, simvastatin, and high-, medium- and low-dose MCR extracts. After four weeks, body weight, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high and low-density lipoproteins (HDL, LDL), as well as aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were measured. To further investigation, four major active compounds were isolated from extracts through high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and their diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) inhibitory activity was evaluated. RESULTS MCR dose-dependently reduced serum TC, TG, LDL-C, inhibited the activity of ALT, AST, and increased HDL-C. Furthermore, in vitro biochemistry tests revealed that four active isolates showed moderate inhibitory activity against DGAT1 with IC50 values ranging from 62.1 ± 1.2 to 99.3 ± 2.3 µM. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrated that MCR could effectively ameliorate hyperlipidaemia and inhibit DGAT1 that a key enzyme closely related to hyperlipidaemia and type 2 diabetes. It may provide a new pharmacological basis for treating hyperlipidaemia and related diseases using MCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Zhou Qi
- College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin City, Jilin Province 132013, Republic of China
| | - Na Li
- College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin City, Jilin Province 132013, Republic of China
| | - Zheng-Dong Tuo
- College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin City, Jilin Province 132013, Republic of China
| | - Jia-Lin Li
- College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin City, Jilin Province 132013, Republic of China
| | - Shan-Shan Xing
- College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin City, Jilin Province 132013, Republic of China
| | - Ban-Ban Li
- College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin City, Jilin Province 132013, Republic of China
| | - Le Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin City, Jilin Province 132013, Republic of China
| | - Hyun-Sun Lee
- Molecular Cancer Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 685-1 Yangcheongri, Ochangeup, Cheongwongun, Chungbuk 363-883, Republic of Korea
| | - Jian-Guang Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin City, Jilin Province 132013, Republic of China
| | - Long Cui
- College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin City, Jilin Province 132013, Republic of China.
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74
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Srinivasan S, Muruganathan U. Antidiabetic efficacy of citronellol, a citrus monoterpene by ameliorating the hepatic key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 250:38-46. [PMID: 26944432 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a clinically complex disease characterized by chronic hyperglycemia with metabolic disturbances. During diabetes, endogenous hepatic glucose production is increased as a result of impaired activities of the key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the antidiabetic efficacy of citronellol, a citrus monoterpene in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes mellitus was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ (40 mg/kg b.w). STZ induced diabetic rats received citronellol orally at the doses of 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg b.w for 30 days. In this study the levels of plasma glucose, insulin, hemoglobin (Hb), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C), glycogen, and the activities of carbohydrate metabolic enzymes, liver and kidney markers were evaluated. Oral administration of citronellol (50 mg/kg) for 30 days dose dependently improved the levels of insulin, Hb and hepatic glycogen with significant decrease in glucose and HbA1C levels. The altered activities of carbohydrate metabolic enzymes, hepatic and kidney markers were restored to near normal. Citronellol supplement was found to be effective in preserving the normal histological appearance of hepatic cells and insulin-positive β-cells in STZ-rats. Our results suggest that administration of citronellol attenuates the hyperglycemia in the STZ-induced diabetic rats by ameliorating the key carbohydrate metabolic enzymes and could be developed as a functional and nutraceutical ingredient in combating diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subramani Srinivasan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, 608002, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - Udaiyar Muruganathan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, 608002, Tamilnadu, India
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75
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Liu Q, Li X, Li C, Zheng Y, Wang F, Li H, Peng G. 1-Deoxynojirimycin Alleviates Liver Injury and Improves Hepatic Glucose Metabolism in db/db Mice. Molecules 2016; 21:279. [PMID: 26927057 PMCID: PMC6274115 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21030279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the effect of 1-Deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) on liver injury and hepatic glucose metabolism in db/db mice. Mice were divided into five groups: normal control, db/db control, DNJ-20 (DNJ 20 mg·kg−1·day−1), DNJ-40 (DNJ 40 mg·kg−1·day−1) and DNJ-80 (DNJ 80 mg·kg−1·day−1). All doses were treated intravenously by tail vein for four weeks. DNJ was observed to significantly reduce the levels of serum triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and liver TG, as well as activities of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate transaminase (AST); DNJ also alleviated macrovesicular steatosis and decreased tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in liver tissue. Furthermore, DNJ treatment significantly increased hepatic glycogen content, the activities of hexokinase (HK), pyruvate kinase (PK) in liver tissue, and decreased the activities of glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase), glycogen phosphorylase (GP), and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK). Moreover, DNJ increased the phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K) on p85, protein kinase B (PKB) on Ser473, glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) on Ser9, and inhibited phosphorylation of glycogen synthase (GS) on Ser645 in liver tissue of db/db mice. These results demonstrate that DNJ can increase hepatic insulin sensitivity via strengthening of the insulin-stimulated PKB/GSK-3β signal pathway and by modulating glucose metabolic enzymes in db/db mice. Moreover, DNJ also can improve lipid homeostasis and attenuate hepatic steatosis in db/db mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingpu Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Xuan Li
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Cunyu Li
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Yunfeng Zheng
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Fang Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Hongyang Li
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Guoping Peng
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing 210023, China.
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76
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Ji T, Li J, Su SL, Zhu ZH, Guo S, Qian DW, Duan JA. Identification and Determination of the Polyhydroxylated Alkaloids Compounds with α-Glucosidase Inhibitor Activity in Mulberry Leaves of Different Origins. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21020206. [PMID: 26867190 PMCID: PMC6274138 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21020206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Mulberry leaves have commonly been utilized in China as a herbal medicine for the treatment of diabetes for thousands of years. To evaluate the quality, an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS) method was developed for identification of polyhydroxylated alkaloids with α-glucosidase inhibitor activity in mulberry leaf. As a result, five alkaloid compounds were identified or tentatively characterized. Among them, the compound 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) was selected as the most typical and active chemical marker and quantified using an improved high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) normal phase coupled with evaporative light scattering detector (ELSD) method. The developed method was fully validated in terms of linearity, sensitivity, precision and repeatability, as well as recovery, and subsequently applied to evaluate twenty-nine batches of mulberry leaves from different collections. From the analytical data it was discovered that the average content of DNJ is 1.53 mg/g, while the total contents of DNJ in the 29 mulberry leaf sample ranged from 0.20 to 3.88 mg/g, which suggested remarkable differences, although it reached the highest levels in early August. These data may provide an important reference for the quality of mulberry leaves used as herbal medicine for the treatment of diabetes or as a material to obtain the DNJ of α-glucosidase inhibitor or as a functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Ji
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Jun Li
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Shu-Lan Su
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Zhen-Hua Zhu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Sheng Guo
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Da-Wei Qian
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Jin-Ao Duan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
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77
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Zhang DY, Wan Y, Xu JY, Wu GH, Li L, Yao XH. Ultrasound extraction of polysaccharides from mulberry leaves and their effect on enhancing antioxidant activity. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 137:473-479. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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78
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Current anti-diabetes mechanisms and clinical trials using Morus alba L. JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICAL SCIENCES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcms.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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79
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Liu Q, Li X, Li C, Zheng Y, Peng G. 1-Deoxynojirimycin Alleviates Insulin Resistance via Activation of Insulin Signaling PI3K/AKT Pathway in Skeletal Muscle of db/db Mice. Molecules 2015; 20:21700-14. [PMID: 26690098 PMCID: PMC6331926 DOI: 10.3390/molecules201219794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
1-Deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) is widely used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus as an inhibitor of intestinal α-glucosidase. However, there are few reports about its effect on insulin sensitivity improvement. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether DNJ decreased hyperglycemia by improving insulin sensitivity. An economical method was established to prepare large amounts of DNJ. Then, db/db mice were treated with DNJ intravenously (20, 40 and 80 mg·kg(-1)·day(-1)) for four weeks. Blood glucose and biochemical analyses were conducted to evaluate the therapeutic effects on hyperglycemia and the related molecular mechanisms in skeletal muscle were explored. DNJ significantly reduced body weight, blood glucose and serum insulin levels. DNJ treatment also improved glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance. Moreover, although expressions of total protein kinase B (AKT), phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K), insulin receptor beta (IR-β), insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS1) and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) in skeletal muscle were not affected, GLUT4 translocation and phosphorylation of Ser473-AKT, p85-PI3K, Tyr1361-IR-β and Tyr612-IRS1 were significantly increased by DNJ treatment. These results indicate that DNJ significantly improved insulin sensitivity via activating insulin signaling PI3K/AKT pathway in skeletal muscle of db/db mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingpu Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Xuan Li
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Cunyu Li
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Yunfeng Zheng
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Guoping Peng
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing 210023, China.
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80
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Chen GH, Tong JJ, Wang F, Hu XQ, Li XW, Tao F, Wei ZJ. Chronic adjunction of 1-deoxynojirimycin protects from age-related behavioral and biochemical changes in the SAMP8 mice. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 37:102. [PMID: 26400487 PMCID: PMC5005858 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-015-9839-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have indicated that a caloric restriction mimetic or treatment for type 2 diabetes may reverse brain aging. Therefore, we investigated the effect of 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ), an alkaloid acting as an inhibitor of α-glucosidase, on age-related behavioral and biochemical changes. SAMP8 mice were randomly assigned to a control group labeled "old" or to the 10- or 20-mg/kg/day DNJ groups. The mice in the DNJ groups were administered DNJ orally from 3 to 9 months of age, and then, a "young" control group was added to analyze the age effect. The old controls exhibited significant declines in sensorimotor ability, open-field anxiety, spatial and nonspatial memory abilities, and age-related biochemical changes, including decreased serum insulin level; increased levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor, presynaptic protein synaptotagmin-1, and astrocyte activation; and decreased levels of insulin receptor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, presynaptic protein syntaxin-1, and acetylation of histones H4 at lysine 8 in the dorsal hippocampus. Significant correlations exist between the age-related behavioral deficits and the serological and histochemical data. Chronic DNJ treatment alleviated these age-related changes, and the 20-mg/kg/day DNJ group showed more significant improvement. Thus, DNJ may have the potential to maintain successful brain aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Hai Chen
- Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Chaohu, Hefei, 238000, People's Republic of China.
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jing-Jing Tong
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunity, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, People's Republic of China
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Qin Hu
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Wei Li
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Tao
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Jun Wei
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
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81
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Yuan Q, Xie Y, Wang W, Yan Y, Ye H, Jabbar S, Zeng X. Extraction optimization, characterization and antioxidant activity in vitro of polysaccharides from mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaves. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 128:52-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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82
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Tan JJY, Lim YY, Siow LF, Tan JBL. Effects of Drying on Polyphenol Oxidase and Antioxidant Activity of M
orus alba
Leaves. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.12532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Janet Jia Yin Tan
- School of Science; Monash University Malaysia; Jalan Lagoon Selatan Bandar Sunway Petaling Jaya Selangor 47500 Malaysia
| | - Yau Yan Lim
- School of Science; Monash University Malaysia; Jalan Lagoon Selatan Bandar Sunway Petaling Jaya Selangor 47500 Malaysia
| | - Lee Fong Siow
- School of Science; Monash University Malaysia; Jalan Lagoon Selatan Bandar Sunway Petaling Jaya Selangor 47500 Malaysia
| | - Joash Ban Lee Tan
- School of Science; Monash University Malaysia; Jalan Lagoon Selatan Bandar Sunway Petaling Jaya Selangor 47500 Malaysia
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83
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Ancient records and modern research on the mechanisms of chinese herbal medicines in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:747982. [PMID: 25815039 PMCID: PMC4359835 DOI: 10.1155/2015/747982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decades, Chinese herbal medicines (CHM) have been extensively and intensively studied through from both clinical and experimental perspectives and CHM have been proved to be effective in the treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM). This study, by searching ancient records and modern research papers, reviewed CHM in terms of their clinical application and principal mechanism in the treatment of DM. We summarized the use of CHM mentioned in 54 famous ancient materia medica monographs and searched papers on the hypoglycemic effect of several representative CHM. Main mechanisms and limitations of CHM and further research direction for DM were discussed. On the basis of the study, we were led to conclude that TCM, as a main form of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), was well recorded in ancient literatures and has less adverse effects as shown by modern studies. The mechanisms of CHM treatment of DM are complex, multilink, and multitarget, so we should find main hypoglycemic mechanism through doing research on CHM monomer active constituents. Many CHM monomer constituents possess noteworthy hypoglycemic effects. Therefore, developing a novel natural product for DM and its complications is of much significance. It is strongly significant to pay close attention to CHM for treatment of DM and its complications.
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84
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Liu Y, Li C, Luo X, Han G, Xu S, Niu F, Hu X, Wu H, Zhang H. Characterization of selenium-enriched mycelia of Catathelasma ventricosum and their antihyperglycemic and antioxidant properties. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:562-568. [PMID: 25536291 DOI: 10.1021/jf5050316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This is the first report concerning the selenium enrichment of Catathelasma ventricosum mycelia. The selenium-containing proteins present in selenium-enriched mycelia (Se-MC) were identified using size-exclusion chromatography-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (SEC-ICP-MS). The selenium-containing amino acids liberated by hydrolysis of these proteins were identified using anion exchange-ICP-MS. Se-MC was found to contain selenoproteins with molecular weights ranging from 1.7 to 60.5 kDa. The main selenium-containing amino acids within them were selenomethionine and selenocysteine. Furthermore, Se-MC possessed excellent antihyperglycemic and antioxidant properties. Se-MC normalized biochemical parameters like insulin level, blood glucose level, body weight, and antioxidant enzyme activity in streptozocin-induced diabetic mice. It also inhibited the α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities present in in vitro gastric and intestinal models. In conclusion, Se-MC has the potential to serve as a dietary supplement of selenium, an antioxidant, or an ingredient for the formulation of nutraceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuntao Liu
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University , Yaan 625014, China
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85
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Ren C, Zhang Y, Cui W, Lu G, Wang Y, Gao H, Huang L, Mu Z. A polysaccharide extract of mulberry leaf ameliorates hepatic glucose metabolism and insulin signaling in rats with type 2 diabetes induced by high fat-diet and streptozotocin. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 72:951-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.09.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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86
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Purification, characterization and anti-diabetic activity of a polysaccharide from mulberry leaf. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2014; 70:687-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2014.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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87
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Li YG, Ji DF, Zhong S, Lin TB, Lv ZQ. Hypoglycemic effect of deoxynojirimycin-polysaccharide on high fat diet and streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice via regulation of hepatic glucose metabolism. Chem Biol Interact 2014; 225:70-9. [PMID: 25446853 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Revised: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is currently considered a worldwide epidemic and finding effective therapeutic strategies against this disease is highly important. A deoxynojirimycin-polysaccharide mixture (DPM) has previously been shown to exert hypoglycemic effects on alloxan- or streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the therapeutic effects and underlying mechanism(s) of DPM on T2DM induced by high fat diet following low-dose STZ treatment in mice. After daily oral treatment of diabetic mice with DPM (150 mg/kg b.w.) for 90 d, significant decline in blood glucose, pyruvate, triglyceride (TG), aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), creatinine (Cr), lipid peroxide (LPO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels as well as evident increases in high density lipoprotein (HDL-c) and hepatic glycogen concentrations were observed. In the first stage, in which DPM was administered for 60 d, blood insulin levels did not undergo significant change but a significant decrease in the HOMA-IR index was detected. By contrast, the HOMA-IR index increased significantly in T2MD controls. In the second stage, in which DPM treatment was continued for another 30 d, insulin levels significantly increased in DPM-treated mice in comparison with T2DM controls. These results indicate that insulin resistance in the pre-diabetic period and the dysfunction of pancreatic β-cells are ameliorated by DPM treatment. DPM also down-regulated protein levels of insulin receptor (IR) and gluconeogenic enzymes (pyruvate carboxylase, fructose-1, 6-bisphosphatase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and glucose-6-phosphatase) in peripheral tissues (liver and/or muscle), but enhanced the expressions of insulin in pancreas, lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and glycolysis enzymes (glucokinase, phosphofructokinase, private kinase and pyruvate decarboxylase E1) in the liver. Furthermore, deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) and polysaccharide (P) were found to increase proliferation of hepatic LO-2 cells and scavenging of radicals in vitro. These results support the results of our biochemical analyses and underscore possible mechanisms underlying the protective effects of DPM on STZ-induced damage to the pancreas and the liver. Taken together, our findings suggest that DPM may be developed as an antihyperglycemic agent for the treatment of diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-gui Li
- Sericultural Research Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Dong-feng Ji
- Sericultural Research Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou 310021, China.
| | - Shi Zhong
- Sericultural Research Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Tian-bao Lin
- Sericultural Research Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Zhi-qiang Lv
- Sericultural Research Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou 310021, China
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88
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Do HJ, Chung JH, Hwang JW, Kim OY, Lee JY, Shin MJ. 1-deoxynojirimycin isolated from Bacillus subtilis improves hepatic lipid metabolism and mitochondrial function in high-fat-fed mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 75:1-7. [PMID: 25445511 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Revised: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine whether 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) isolated from Bacillus subtilis MORI beneficially influences lipid metabolism and mitochondrial function in the liver of mice fed a high-fat diet in addition to the anti-obesity properties of DNJ. Male C57BL/6 mice (n = 29; 5 weeks old) were randomly assigned to three groups: normal control diet (CTL, n = 10), high-fat diet (HF, n = 10), and high-fat diet supplemented with DNJ (DNJ, n = 9). After 12 weeks, the HF group exhibited higher overall weight gain, of the liver, and of various fat pads than the CTL and DNJ groups did. The HF group also showed greater expression of C/EBPα and CD36 mRNA in the liver than that in the CTL and/or DNJ groups. In addition, mRNA expressions of AAC and FAS were lower, while mRNA expression of PGC-1β was higher in the liver of the DNJ group than that of the HF group. The hepatic expression of p-AMPK/AMPK was higher in the DNJ group than in the HF group. This study provides novel insight into the protective effect of DNJ supplementation against obesity-induced hepatic lipid abnormalities and mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Ju Do
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Korea University, Seoul 136-704, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyung Chung
- Department of Applied Bioscience, CHA University, Gyeonggi-do 463-400, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Won Hwang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Korea University, Seoul 136-704, Republic of Korea; Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 136-703, Republic of Korea
| | - Oh Yoen Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Yeon Lee
- R&D Center for Natural Science, Biotopia Co., Ltd., Chuncheon 200-883, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Jeong Shin
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Korea University, Seoul 136-704, Republic of Korea; Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 136-703, Republic of Korea; Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University, Seoul 152-703, Republic of Korea.
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89
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Chemical constituents of Morus alba L. and their inhibitory effect on 3T3-L1 preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation. Fitoterapia 2014; 98:222-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2014.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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90
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Mahendran G, Manoj M, Murugesh E, Sathish Kumar R, Shanmughavel P, Rajendra Prasad KJ, Narmatha Bai V. In vivo anti-diabetic, antioxidant and molecular docking studies of 1, 2, 8-trihydroxy-6-methoxy xanthone and 1, 2-dihydroxy-6-methoxyxanthone-8-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl isolated from Swertia corymbosa. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 21:1237-1248. [PMID: 25172785 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2014.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
1, 2, 8-trihydroxy-6-methoxy xanthone (1) and 1, 2- dihydroxy-6-methoxyxanthone-8-O-β-d-xylopyranosyl (2) are the main constituents of petroleum ether and ethyl acetate extracts from Swertia corymbosa (Gentinaceae), a medicinal plant used in Indian traditional system for the treatment of diabetes. The present study was designed to examine the antihypoglycemic, antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant effect of compounds 1 and 2 in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced in male Wistar rats by a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ (60 mg/kg b.w.). The isolated compounds 1 and 2 at a dose of 50 mg/kg b.w., produced the maximum fall of 83% in the blood glucose level in the diabetic rats after 3h of the treatment. The administration of 1 and 2 (50 mg/kgb.w.) daily for 28 days in STZ induced diabetic rats, resulted in a significant decrease in blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, SGOT, SGPT, ALP serum urea and creatinine with significant rise in plasma insulin level. Test compounds 1 and 2 showed antihyperlipidemic activities as evidenced by significant decrease in serum TC, TG, LDL-C, VLDL-C levels coupled together with elevation of HDL-C level in diabetic treated rats when compared to diabetic untreated rats, indicate the protective role against liver and kidney damage. The results of histopathology also showed 1 and 2 protected tissues (pancreas, liver and kidney) against peroxidation damage and maintained tissue integrity. Further, the molecular interaction study of the ligands 1, 2 and glibenclamide with various diabetes mellitus related protein targets like glucokinase (PDB ID: 1V4S), fructose-1, 6-bisphosphatase 1 (PDB ID: 2JJK) 11-β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (PDB ID: 2BEL) and modeled protein sulfonylurea receptor 1 (SUR1) showed that ligand 1 and 2 possess binding affinity with all protein targets except for 2BEL target protein for which ligand 1 has no interaction. The ligand pose with 2BEL and SUR1 protein target of ligand 2 gave the best binding conformation. Hence 1 and 2 can be considered for developing into a potent antidiabetic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Mahendran
- Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory, Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - M Manoj
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - E Murugesh
- Computational Biology Lab, Bioinformatics Department, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Sathish Kumar
- Computational Biology Lab, Bioinformatics Department, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P Shanmughavel
- Computational Biology Lab, Bioinformatics Department, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K J Rajendra Prasad
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - V Narmatha Bai
- Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory, Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
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91
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Zhang Y, Ren C, Lu G, Mu Z, Cui W, Gao H, Wang Y. Anti-diabetic effect of mulberry leaf polysaccharide by inhibiting pancreatic islet cell apoptosis and ameliorating insulin secretory capacity in diabetic rats. Int Immunopharmacol 2014; 22:248-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2014.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Revised: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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92
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Huang SS, Yan YH, Ko CH, Chen KM, Lee SC, Liu CT. A Comparison of Food-grade Folium mori ( Sāng Yè) Extract and 1-Deoxynojirimycin for Glycemic Control and Renal Function in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats. J Tradit Complement Med 2014; 4:162-70. [PMID: 25161921 PMCID: PMC4142454 DOI: 10.4103/2225-4110.131639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Folium mori ( Sāng Yè, leaf of Morus alba L.; FM) is known to possess hypoglycemic effects, and 1-deoxynojirimycin (1-DNJ) has been proposed as an important functional compound in FM. However, the hypoglycemic activity of purified 1-DNJ has been rarely studied. It is also not known how FM and 1-DNJ affect the development of DM nephropathy. This study compared the antidiabetic effect of a commercial FM product with that of purified 1-DNJ in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Seven days after induction, the diabetic rats were gavaged with FM (1, 3, 10, and 30 mg/kg/day), 1-DNJ (30 mg/kg/day), or vehicle (distilled deionized water; 2 ml/kg/day) for 7 days. All doses of FM ameliorated fasting and post-prandial blood glucose concomitantly with an increase in peripheral and pancreatic levels of insulin and improved homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) in diabetic rats in a dose-dependent manner. Increased thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and nitrate/nitrite levels in the kidney, liver, and muscle of diabetic rats were reversed by all doses of FM. The renal function of the diabetic rats was normalized by all doses of FM, while blood pressure changes were reversed by FM at doses of 3 mg/kg and above. Moreover, most of the above-mentioned parameters were improved by FM at doses of 3 mg/kg and above to a similar extent as that of 1-DNJ. The results showed superior antidiabetic potential of the commercial FM product for glycemic control and protection against the development of diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiang-Suo Huang
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan ; Department of Pharmacy, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hui Yan
- School of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hui Ko
- School of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ke-Ming Chen
- Department of Parasitology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chieh Lee
- Department of BioIndustry Technology, Da-Yeh University, Dacun, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Tzu Liu
- School of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan ; Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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93
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In vivo hypoglycaemic effect and inhibitory mechanism of the branch bark extract of the mulberry on STZ-induced diabetic mice. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:614265. [PMID: 25177729 PMCID: PMC4142180 DOI: 10.1155/2014/614265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Revised: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Branch bark extract (BBE) derived from the mulberry cultivar Husang 32 (Morus multicaulis L.) with aqueous alcohol solution has been investigated as an inhibitor of α-glycosidase in vitro. Mulberry BBE was orally administered to STZ-induced diabetic mice for three weeks, and it improved the weight gain and ameliorated the swelling of liver and kidney in diabetic mice. Obviously, mulberry BBE not only can reduce the abnormally elevated levels of serum insulin and ameliorate insulin resistance induced by STZ, but also it regulates dyslipidemia in diabetic mice. To understand this therapeutic effect and the regulatory mechanisms of BBE in diabetic mice, a qRT-PCR experiment was performed, indicating that the mulberry BBE can regulate the mRNA expression of glycometabolism genes in diabetic mice, including glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase), glucokinase (GCK), and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), thereby regulating sugar metabolism and reducing the blood glucose level in diabetic mice. The mulberry BBE can increase the mRNA expression of the genes Ins1, Ins2 and pancreatic duodenal homeobox-1 (PDX-1) and may decrease the insulin resistance in diabetic mice. Those results provide an important basis for making the best use of mulberry branch resources and producing biomedical drugs with added value.
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94
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Lee JS, Synytsya A, Kim HB, Choi DJ, Lee S, Lee J, Kim WJ, Jang S, Park YI. Purification, characterization and immunomodulating activity of a pectic polysaccharide isolated from Korean mulberry fruit Oddi (Morus alba L.). Int Immunopharmacol 2013; 17:858-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2013.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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95
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Li YG, Ji DF, Zhong S, Lin TB, Lv ZQ, Hu GY, Wang X. 1-deoxynojirimycin inhibits glucose absorption and accelerates glucose metabolism in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Sci Rep 2013; 3:1377. [PMID: 23536174 PMCID: PMC3610135 DOI: 10.1038/srep01377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 02/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the role of 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) on glucose absorption and metabolism in normal and diabetic mice. Oral and intravenous glucose tolerance tests and labeled 13C6-glucose uptake assays suggested that DNJ inhibited intestinal glucose absorption in intestine. We also showed that DNJ down-regulated intestinal SGLT1, Na+/K+-ATP and GLUT2 mRNA and protein expression. Pretreatment with DNJ (50 mg/kg) increased the activity, mRNA and protein levels of hepatic glycolysis enzymes (GK, PFK, PK, PDE1) and decreased the expression of gluconeogenesis enzymes (PEPCK, G-6-Pase). Assays of protein expression in hepatic cells and in vitro tests with purified enzymes indicated that the increased activity of glucose glycolysis enzymes was resulted from the relative increase in protein expression, rather than from direct enzyme activation. These results suggest that DNJ inhibits intestinal glucose absorption and accelerates hepatic glucose metabolism by directly regulating the expression of proteins involved in glucose transport systems, glycolysis and gluconeogenesis enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Gui Li
- Sericultural Research Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou 310021, China
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96
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Antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from Catathelasma ventricosum in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 57:39-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Revised: 02/17/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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97
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Cooperative anti-diabetic effects of deoxynojirimycin-polysaccharide by inhibiting glucose absorption and modulating glucose metabolism in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65892. [PMID: 23755289 PMCID: PMC3675047 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We had previously shown that deoxynojirimycin-polysaccharide mixture (DPM) not only decreased blood glucose but also reversed the damage to pancreatic β-cells in diabetic mice, and that the anti-hyperglycemic efficacy of this combination was better than that of 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) or polysachharide alone. However, the mechanisms behind these effects were not fully understood. The present study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of DPM on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic symptoms and their potential mechanisms. Diabetic mice were treated with DPM (150 mg/kg body weight) for 90 days and continued to be fed without DPM for an additional 30 days. Strikingly, decrease of blood glucose levels was observed in all DPM treated diabetic mice, which persisted 30 days after cessation of DPM administration. Significant decrease of glycosylated hemoglobin and hepatic pyruvate concentrations, along with marked increase of serum insulin and hepatic glycogen levels were detected in DPM treated diabetic mice. Results of a labeled (13)C6-glucose uptake assay indicated that DPM can restrain glucose absorption. Additionally, DPM down-regulated the mRNA and protein expression of jejunal Na(+)/glucose cotransporter, Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase and glucose transporter 2, and enhanced the activities as well as mRNA and protein levels of hepatic glycolysis enzymes (glucokinase, phosphofructokinase, private kinase and pyruvate decarboxylas E1). Activity and expression of hepatic gluconeogenesis enzymes (phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and glucose-6-phosphatase) were also found to be attenuated in diabetic mice treated with DPM. Purified enzyme activity assays verified that the increased activities of glucose glycolysis enzymes resulted not from their direct activation, but from the relative increase in protein expression. Importantly, our histopathological observations support the results of our biochemical analyses and validate the protective effects of DPM on STZ-induced damage to the pancreas. Thus, DPM has significant potential as a therapeutic agent against diabetes.
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98
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Jia D, Zhang J, Lan R, Yang H, Sun Y. A simple preparative method for isolation and purification of polysaccharides from mulberry (Morus albaL.) leaves. Int J Food Sci Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.12087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Jia
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Technology; Tianjin University of Technology; Tianjin; 300384; China
| | - Jun Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Technology; Tianjin University of Technology; Tianjin; 300384; China
| | - Rong Lan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Technology; Tianjin University of Technology; Tianjin; 300384; China
| | - Hongling Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Technology; Tianjin University of Technology; Tianjin; 300384; China
| | - Yongyue Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Technology; Tianjin University of Technology; Tianjin; 300384; China
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99
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Pandeya KB, Tripathi IP, Mishra MK, Dwivedi N, Pardhi Y, Kamal A, Gupta P, Dwivedi N, Mishra C. A Critical Review on Traditional Herbal Drugs: An Emerging Alternative Drug for Diabetes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/ijoc.2013.31001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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100
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Hunyadi A, Veres K, Danko B, Kele Z, Weber E, Hetenyi A, Zupko I, Hsieh TJ. In vitroAnti-diabetic Activity and Chemical Characterization of an Apolar Fraction ofMorus albaLeaf Water Extract. Phytother Res 2012; 27:847-51. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2011] [Revised: 05/31/2012] [Accepted: 07/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Katalin Veres
- Institute of Pharmacognosy; University of Szeged; Eötvös str. 6; 6720; Szeged; Hungary
| | - Balazs Danko
- Institute of Pharmacognosy; University of Szeged; Eötvös str. 6; 6720; Szeged; Hungary
| | - Zoltan Kele
- Department of Medical Chemistry; University of Szeged; Dóm tér 8; 6720; Szeged; Hungary
| | - Edit Weber
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; University of Szeged; Eötvös str. 6; 6720; Szeged; Hungary
| | | | - Istvan Zupko
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy; University of Szeged; Eötvös str. 6; 6720; Szeged; Hungary
| | - Tusty-Jiuan Hsieh
- Department of Medical Genetics; Kaohsiung Medical University; 100 ShihChuan 1st rd.; 807; Kaohsiung; Taiwan, R.O.C
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