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Ranaei M, Taheri SS, Rojaei F, Zabihi F. Aftermath histopathological findings of 2019 novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) pneumonia. CASPIAN JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE 2022; 13:303-306. [PMID: 35872688 PMCID: PMC9272948 DOI: 10.22088/cjim.13.0.303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Background There have been several studies describing clinicoradiological features of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 infection. It seems that we still should know more about pathological features in the different stages of this infection. Case presentation A 77 year-old man with cough and respiratory distress was admitted to the intensive care unit. Real-time PCR on nasopharyngeal swab was done for him and it was positive for SARS-CoV-2.He was treated with oxygen therapy, hydroxychloroquine and antibiotic therapy and was discharged from the hospital with brief improvement of clinical symptoms. However, due to persistent dyspnea, the patient was admitted to the hospital again and throracotomy and wedge biopsy were performed for about 3 months from the onset of symptoms. Conclusion Pathological examination revealed diffuse alveolar damage, fibroblastic hyperplasia, infiltration of inflammatory cells and hyaline membrane formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ranaei
- Department of Pathology, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran,Correspondence: Mohammad Ranaei, Department of Pathology, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran. E-mail: , Tel: 0098 11 32238284, Fax: 0098 11 32238284
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Tang Q, Wang Y, Li J, Luo D, Hao X, Xu J. Effect of Repeated Home Quarantine on Anxiety, Depression, and PTSD Symptoms in a Chinese Population During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-sectional Study. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:830334. [PMID: 35651827 PMCID: PMC9149163 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.830334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Strict quarantines can prevent the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, but also increase the risk of mental illness. This study examined whether the people who have experienced repeated home quarantine performance more negative emotions such as anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in a Chinese population. METHODS We collected data from 2,514 participants in Pi County, Chengdu City, and stratified them into two groups. Group 1 comprised 1,214 individuals who were quarantined only once in early 2020, while Group 2 comprised 1,300 individuals who were quarantined in early 2020 and again in late 2020. Both groups were from the same community. The GAD-7, PHQ-9, and PCL-C scales were used to assess symptoms of anxiety, depression, and PTSD between the two groups. RESULTS Analyses showed that total PHQ-9 scores were significantly higher in Group 2 than in Group 1 (p < 0.001) and the quarantine times and age are independent predictors of symptoms of depression (p < 0.001). The two groups did not differ significantly in total GAD-7 or PCL-C scores. CONCLUSION Increasing quarantine times was associated with moderate to severe depression symptoms, but not with an increase in symptoms of anxiety or PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Tang
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, West China Hospital and West China School of Clinical Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ya Wang
- Department of Nursing, West China Hospital and West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, West China Hospital and West China School of Clinical Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dan Luo
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, West China Hospital and West China School of Clinical Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoting Hao
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital and West China School of Clinical Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiajun Xu
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, West China Hospital and West China School of Clinical Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Innovations and development of Covid-19 vaccines: A patent review. J Infect Public Health 2022; 15:123-131. [PMID: 34742639 PMCID: PMC8539827 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2021.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
More than 125 million confirmed cases of COVID-19 have been reported globally with rising cases in all countries since the first case was reported. A vaccine is the best measure for the effective prevention and control of COVID-19. There are more than 292 COVID-19 candidates' vaccines being developed as of July 2021 of which 184 are in human preclinical trials. A patent provides protection and a marketing monopoly to the inventor of an invention for a specified period. Therefore, vaccine developers, including Moderna, BioNTech, Janssen, Inovio, and Gamaleya also filed patent applications for the protection of their vaccines. This review aims to provide an insight into the patent literature of COVID-19 vaccines. The patent search was done using Patentscope and Espacenet databases. The results have revealed that most of the key players have patented their inventive COVID-19 vaccine. Many patent applications related to COVID-19 vaccines developed via different technologies (DNA, RNA, virus, bacteria, and protein subunit) have also been filed. The publication of a normal patent application takes place after 18 months of its filing. Therefore, many patents/patent applications related to the COVID-19 vaccine developed through different technology may come into the public domain in the coming days.
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Repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic on athletes: a cross-sectional study. Biol Sport 2021; 38:703-711. [PMID: 34937981 PMCID: PMC8670804 DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2021.106147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has presented significant challenges and implications for the sports community. Thus, this study aimed to describe the prevalence of COVID-19 in Brazilian athletes and identify the epidemiological, clinical, athletic, life and health factors associated with the disease in these individuals. A cross-sectional study was performed involving 414 athletes from 22 different sports using an online questionnaire from August to November 2020. The association between the athletes’ characteristics and COVID-19 was evaluated using a logistic regression model. The prevalence of COVID-19 was 8.5%, although only 40% of athletes reported having been tested. Being under 27 years of age (3-fold), having children (~5-fold), having a teammate test positive for COVID-19 (2.5-fold), and smoking (14-fold) were associated with a possible higher risk of disease. Almost 20% of athletes self-reported musculoskeletal injuries during the period of the pandemic that was studied. Athletes with a university education (P = 0.02), a profession other than sports (P < 0.001), those from a low-income family (P = 0.01), and public health system users (P = 0.04) were significantly less frequently tested for COVID-19, whereas international competitors, athletes who received a wage, and athletes who had a teammate who tested positive for COVID-19 were 2-, 3-, and 15-fold more likely to be tested for COVID-19, respectively. Approximately 26% of the athletes who tested negative or were untested reported more than three characteristic COVID-19 symptoms, and 11% of athletes who tested positive for COVID-19 were asymptomatic. The identification of modifiable (have children, smoking, and teammates positively tested) and non-modifiable (age under 27 years) factors related to COVID-19 in athletes can contribute to implementing surveillance programmes to decrease the incidence of COVID-19 in athletes and its negative impacts in sports.
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Tao D, Zhong T, Wang J. The Influence of Telemedicine and Compassionate Care on the Quality of Life and Mental Health of Patients with Epilepsy in Northeastern China During the COVID-19 Crisis. J Multidiscip Healthc 2021; 14:3359-3368. [PMID: 34887665 PMCID: PMC8653707 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s335240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To understand the influence of telemedicine and compassionate care on the quality of life and mental health of patients with epilepsy (PWE) in northeastern China during the COVID-19 crisis. Patients and Methods Physicians in the epilepsy department conducted a questionnaire survey on PWE on February 2020. The Quality Of Life In Epilepsy-31 (QOLIE-31), Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-Item Scale (GAD-7) and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) were used. The intervention (IG) group received compassionate care and follow-up through telemedicine equipment every week, while the nonintervention (NIG) group did not receive. The questionnaire survey was conducted again three month later. Results Ninety patients were recruited: mean age 39.91±15.57 in the IG, 37.39±11.69 in the NIG, 46 (51.1%) were men. Twenty patients had difficulty in purchasing antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). Seven patients reported seizure in the last 1 month. Only 1 patient (2.2%) consulted the emergency department. Up to 84 patients’ lives were affected. Fifteen (33.3%) of the IG and 20 (44.4%) of the NIG patients stated that their family income had decreased, and among them, 13 (28.9%) in the IG group and 10 (22.2%) in the NIG group stated that they were unemployed. 3 months later, the interaction between groups and time of QOLIE-31 was significant, F (1, 88) = 16.996, p<0.001; the interaction between group and time on the PHQ-9 was significant, F (1, 88)= 14.992, p<0.001; the interaction between group and time on the QAD-7 was significant, F (1, 88)= 6.026, p<0.001. Conclusion Our study found that during the COVID-19 outbreak, when patients were in a lockdown, telemedicine and compassionate care were effective and successful in managing PWE in northeastern China. It is a valid method to decrease anxiety and depression and improve the patients’ quality of life. Further research is necessary about compassionate care methods for PWE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deshuang Tao
- Epilepsy Department of Jiamusi Central Hospital, Jiamusi City, Heilongjiang Province, 154002, People's Republic of China.,Jiamusi University, Jiamusi City, Heilongjiang Province, 154007, People's Republic of China
| | - Tangwu Zhong
- Jiamusi University, Jiamusi City, Heilongjiang Province, 154007, People's Republic of China
| | - Juli Wang
- Epilepsy Department of Jiamusi Central Hospital, Jiamusi City, Heilongjiang Province, 154002, People's Republic of China
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Etemad-Moghadam S, Alaeddini M. Publication during COVID-19, introducing useful resources for research. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2021; 18:103. [PMID: 35265286 PMCID: PMC8804549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shahroo Etemad-Moghadam
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojgan Alaeddini
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Address for correspondence: Dr. Mojgan Alaeddini, Dental Research Centre, Dentistry Research Institute, Ghods St, Enghelab Ave, P.O. Box: 14155-5583; Postal code: 14174, Tehran, Iran. E-mail:
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Yan P, Li M, Li J, Lu Z, Hui X, Bai Y, Xun Y, Lao Y, Wang S, Yang K. Bibliometric Analysis and Systematic Review of Global Coronavirus Research Trends Before COVID-19: Prospects and Implications for COVID-19 Research. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:729138. [PMID: 34869424 PMCID: PMC8635101 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.729138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronaviruses (CoV) cause respiratory and intestinal infections. We conducted this bibliometric analysis and systematical review to explore the CoV-related research trends from before COVID-19. We systematically searched the Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, and Web of Science (WOS) databases for published bibliometric analyses of CoV from database inception to January 24, 2021. The WOS Collection was searched from inception to January 31, 2020, to acquire the CoV-related publications before COVID-19. One-Way ANOVA and Bonferroni multiple-comparison tests were used to compare differences. Visualization mapping and keyword cluster graphs were made to illustrate the research topics and hotpots. We included 14,141 CoV-related publications for the bibliometric analysis and 16 (12 articles) CoV-related bibliometric analyses for the systematic review. Both the systematic review and bibliometric analysis showed (1) the number of publications showed two steep upward trajectories in 2003-2004 and in 2012-2014; (2) the research hotpots mainly focused on the mechanism, pathology, epidemiology, clinical diagnosis, and treatment of the coronavirus in MERS-CoV and SARS-Cov; (3) the USA, and China; the University of Hong Kong; and Yuen KY, came from the University of Hong Kong contributed most; (4) the Journal of Virology had the largest number of CoV related studies. More studies should focus on prevention, diagnosis, and treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peijing Yan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Meixuan Li
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Evidence Based Social Science Research Center, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jing Li
- Evidence Based Social Science Research Center, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhenxing Lu
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xu Hui
- Evidence Based Social Science Research Center, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuping Bai
- School of Basic Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China.,Department of Scientific Research, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yangqin Xun
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Knowledge Translation of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Guideline Implementation and Knowledge Translation, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yongfeng Lao
- Department of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shizhong Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Wuwei People's Hospital, Wuwei, China
| | - Kehu Yang
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Evidence Based Social Science Research Center, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Knowledge Translation of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Guideline Implementation and Knowledge Translation, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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Singh S, Singh CM, Ranjan A, Kumar S, Singh DK. Evidences suggesting a possible role of Vitamin D in COVID 19: The missing link. Indian J Pharmacol 2021; 53:394-402. [PMID: 34854410 PMCID: PMC8641745 DOI: 10.4103/ijp.ijp_654_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is spreading like wildfire with no specific recommended treatment in sight. While some risk factors such as the presence of comorbidities, old age, and ethnicity have been recognized, not a lot is known about who the virus will strike first or impact more. In this hopeless scenario, exploration of time-tested facts about viral infections, in general, seems to be a sound basis to prop further research upon. The fact that immunity and its various determinants (e.g., micronutrients, sleep, and hygiene) have a crucial role to play in the defense against invading organisms, may be a good starting point for commencing research into these as yet undisclosed territories. Herein, the excellent immunomodulatory, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory roles of Vitamin D necessitate thorough investigation, particularly in COVID-19 perspective. This article reviews mechanisms and evidence suggesting the role Vitamin D plays in people infected by the newly identified COVID-19 virus. For this review, we searched the databases of Medline, PubMed, and Embase. We studied several meta-analyses and randomized controlled trials evaluating the role of Vitamin D in influenza and other contagious viral infections. We also reviewed the circumstantial and anecdotal evidence connecting Vitamin D with COVID-19 emerging recently. Consequently, it seems logical to conclude that the immune-enhancing, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and lung-protective role of Vitamin D can be potentially lifesaving. Hence, Vitamin D deserves exhaustive exploration through rigorously designed and controlled scientific trials. Using Vitamin D as prophylaxis and/or chemotherapeutic treatment of COVID-19 infection is an approach worth considering. In this regard, mass assessment and subsequent supplementation can be tried, especially considering the mechanistic evidence in respiratory infections, low potential for toxicity, and widespread prevalence of the deficiency of Vitamin D affecting many people worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - C M Singh
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Alok Ranjan
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- Department of CTVS, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Dheeraj Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
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Samir A, Naguib NNN, Elnekeidy A, Baess AI, Shawky A. COVID-19 versus H1N1: challenges in radiological diagnosis—comparative study on 130 patients using chest HRCT. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE 2021. [PMCID: PMC7966920 DOI: 10.1186/s43055-021-00455-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
During the current second wave of COVID-19, the radiologists are expected to face great challenges in differentiation between COVID-19 and other virulent influenza viruses, mainly H1N1. Accordingly, this study was performed in order to find any differentiating CT criteria that would help during the expected clinical overlap during the current Influenza season.
Results
This study was retrospectively conducted during the period from June till November 2020, on acute symptomatic 130 patients with no history of previous pulmonary diseases; 65 patients had positive PCR for COVID-19 including 50 mild patients and 15 critical or severe patients; meanwhile, the other 65 patients had positive PCR for H1N1 including 50 mild patients and 15 critical or severe patients. They included 74 males and 56 females (56.9%:43.1%). Their age ranged 14–90 years (mean age 38.9 ± 20.3 SD). HRCT findings were analyzed by four expert consultant radiologists in consensus. All patients with COVID-19 showed parenchymal or alveolar HRCT findings; only one of them had associated airway involvement. Among the 65 patients with H1N1; 56 patients (86.2%) had parenchymal or alveolar HRCT findings while six patients (9.2%) presented only by HRCT signs of airway involvement and three patients (4.6%) had mixed parenchymal and airway involvement. Regarding HRCT findings of airway involvement (namely tree in bud nodules, air trapping, bronchial wall thickening, traction bronchiectasis, and mucous plugging), all showed significant p value (ranging from 0.008 to 0.04). On the other hand, HRCT findings of parenchymal or alveolar involvement (mainly ground glass opacities) showed no significant relation.
Conclusion
HRCT can help in differentiation between non-severe COVID-19 and H1N1 based on signs of airway involvement.
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Earp BE, Zhang D, Benavent KA, Byrne L, Blazar PE. The Impact Of COVID-19 Restrictions on an Academic Hand Surgery Practice. JOURNAL OF HAND SURGERY GLOBAL ONLINE 2021; 4:84-88. [PMID: 34805806 PMCID: PMC8590933 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsg.2021.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The impact of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (coronavirus disease 2019) has been felt worldwide. We examined the quantitative impact during the first 4 weeks of hospital system and state-mandated restrictions on an academic, urban hand surgery practice. We hypothesized that the volume of clinic encounters, office procedures, and surgical cases would decrease and that the volume of nonelective care would remain unchanged. Methods We retrospectively reviewed all encounters at a hand surgery practice from March 16, 2020, through April 12, 2020 and compared those to two 4-week control time periods. Weekly encounter volumes and work relative value units (RVUs) were obtained for clinic encounters, office procedures, and surgical cases. The type of ambulatory visit was also identified. Surgical cases were categorized into 4 types (fracture or dislocation, acute soft tissue or nerve injury, infection, or elective/nonurgent) for the most recent time periods. We performed t tests to compare weekly volumes and RVUs between time periods. Results After the implementation of mandated restrictions on elective health care, ambulatory hand surgery clinic encounters decreased 72% to 73%, clinic procedures decreased by 87% to 90%, and surgical cases decreased by 87% to 88%. The percentage of ambulatory visits performed via telemedicine increased from 0.06% to 74%. Similar impacts on RVUs were seen. Surgeries for fractures and dislocations declined by 58% and those for acute soft tissue or nerve injury declined by 40%; the number of surgical procedures for infection remained unchanged. Conclusions The coronavirus restrictions on elective healthcare led to an immediate, substantial impact on hand surgery practice. There were significant decreases in the volumes of ambulatory encounters, office procedures, and surgical cases. The long-term financial impact of this change in practice is still to be determined but, based on the quantitative impacts seen, is likely to be significant. Type of study/level of evidence Economic/Decision Analysis IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon E Earp
- Brigham and Women's Hospital Department of Orthopedic Surgery, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02215.,Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Dafang Zhang
- Brigham and Women's Hospital Department of Orthopedic Surgery, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02215.,Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Kyra A Benavent
- Brigham and Women's Hospital Department of Orthopedic Surgery, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Laura Byrne
- Brigham and Women's Hospital Department of Orthopedic Surgery, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Philip E Blazar
- Brigham and Women's Hospital Department of Orthopedic Surgery, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02215.,Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02215
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Chen S, Liu T, Li X, Luo Y, Xiao L, Zhang L, Wen R, Lin Y. Health QR Code Application in the Novel Containment Strategy and Healthcare Plan for Pregnant Women and Children Under Quarantine During the Summer Outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant in Chengdu, China: An Observational Study. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2021; 14:4499-4510. [PMID: 34764708 PMCID: PMC8576289 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s335803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To report the experience of health QR code application in Chengdu’s anti-epidemic measures including circle-layer management, hospital triage system and healthcare plan for quarantined pregnant women and children during the summer outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 Delta strain in 2021 and to evaluate these measures. Methods We comprehensively summarized Chengdu’s health code application in the circle-layer management (a set of stringent confinement measures of places confirmed cases and close contacts have recently been to and less strict quarantine measures of surrounding areas), hospital triage system, and healthcare plan for quarantined pregnant women and children. We also assessed the effectiveness or efficiency of these measures by analyzing the number of different cases with confirmed COVID-19 infections or epidemiological history, the attitude of quarantined pregnant women toward the summer outbreak and healthcare services, as well as the time needed for obtaining epidemiological history and accuracy of health-code-based hospital triage system. Results The circle-layer management lasted 15 days and ended with no community or nosocomial transmission happened. Approximately 70 pregnant women and 600 children below 6-year-old were quarantined. Four home visits and two patient transfers were performed. Online survey indicated that about 80% of quarantined women felt satisfactory about the healthcare service. The novel triage system identified 137/221 (61.99%) patients with epidemiological history from patients with yellow health code, and 71/4504 (1.57%) patients from patients with green health code in our hospital (p < 0.001). The health QR code markedly outperformed the traditional methods in the efficiency experiment of obtaining epidemiological history (3.52 ± 0.98 vs 78.91 ± 23.18 seconds, P < 0.001). Conclusion The circle-layer management has successfully and precisely prevented the spread of the summer outbreak of COVID-19 in Chengdu. The health-code-based triage system showed great effectiveness and efficiency in triaging patients with epidemiological history. The healthcare services for quarantined pregnant women has basically met their needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Chen
- The Medical Administration Department, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianjiao Liu
- The Medical Administration Department, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Li
- The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingjuan Luo
- The Healthcare Department, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Xiao
- The Medical Administration Department, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Libing Zhang
- The Department of Pediatric Surgery, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongkang Wen
- The Healthcare Department, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonghong Lin
- The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
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Hao J, Wang X, Jia X, Yang Y, Du S, Yin Z. Qualitative research on the work experience of pharmacists in fever clinics and isolation wards of designated hospitals for novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19). BMJ Open 2021; 11:e048466. [PMID: 34764165 PMCID: PMC8587528 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-048466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To understand the work experiences of pharmacists in fever clinics and isolation wards of designated hospitals for the novel coronavirus pneumonia in China and provide the basis for work management strategies and psychological interventions in pharmacy for prevention and control of future epidemics. METHODS Using qualitative research methods, 13 pharmacists who met the inclusion criteria and worked in fever clinics and isolation wards of designated hospitals for novel coronavirus pneumonia attended focus group interviews and semistructured interviews. The Colaizzi analysis method was used for data analysis, summary and induction. RESULTS Three themes were identified: (1) the roles of pharmacists in fever clinics and isolation wards in epidemic prevention and control, including ensuring the supply of medicines, providing medication guidance for patients, providing medication information for physicians and nurses, and participating in infection control; (2) the difficulties at work, including the lack of office equipment, information equipment and other infrastructure, the difficulty of management of pharmacists in isolation wards, challenging environments, and insufficient attention of hospitals, medical staff, and society to pharmacists; (3) the loopholes in drug management, including the management of special-class drugs and national free AIDS antiviral drugs, and the retrieval of drugs. CONCLUSION Pharmacists have played an essential role in the fight against the epidemic of novel coronavirus pneumonia in China. The themes and experiences identified in this study can offer guidance to the pharmacy society in implementing strategies to prepare for future public health events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Hao
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xuedong Jia
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yantao Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Shuzhang Du
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhao Yin
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Jia Y, Ma S, Bai L, Xiao Q, Wu Y, Gao Y, Han Y, Xie Z, Tang X, Ge J. Health Literacy and Disparities in Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Regarding COVID-19 Among College Students During the COVID-19 Outbreak in China: A Cross-Sectional Study. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2021; 14:4477-4488. [PMID: 34754254 PMCID: PMC8572096 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s319331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) towards COVID-19 of Chinese college students during the COVID-19 outbreak and identify the determinants considerably associated with KAP. Methods An online cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted in February 2020 in China to recruit participants on the Wen-Juan-Xing online platform. A self-made questionnaire was used to assess the KAP towards COVID-19. Results The average scores of COVID-19-related KAP among college students were 32.16 ± 4.09, 16.84 ± 3.18 and 15.36 ± 1.83, respectively. The average correct response rate of COVID-19-related knowledge was 84.62%. 94.59% of the respondents believed China could control and conquer the pandemic; 98.92% of the respondents wore a mask when they went out. The multiple linear regression showed that the female students had higher scores of COVID-19-related knowledge than male students (β = 0.79, P = 0.01), and the students from 985 or 211 universities (β = -2.22, P < 0.01) were significantly associated with higher knowledge scores. Furthermore, a significantly positive correlation was found between the scores of COVID-19-related KAP among students. Conclusion The college students had a good KAP towards the COVID-19 pandemic. The present study was able to access the COVID-19-related KAP among college students during the pandemic and identify their weaknesses in pandemic prevention. Consequently, the results of this study provide theoretical basis for implementing precision health education among college students and reference for campuses to conduct scientific prevention and control during a pandemic. Results also provide beneficial experience to curb similar major public health emergencies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehui Jia
- School of Public Health, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuli Ma
- School of Public Health, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianjie Bai
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiong Xiao
- School of Nursing, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Wu
- School of Nursing, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Gao
- School of Mental Health, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunfeng Han
- School of Public Health, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiping Xie
- School of Public Health, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowei Tang
- Sanitary Analysis Center, Scientific Research Office, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Ge
- School of Public Health, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
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Ebrahimpour L, Marashi M, Zamanian H, Abedi M. Computed tomography findings in 3,557 COVID-19 infected children: a systematic review. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2021; 11:4644-4660. [PMID: 34737930 DOI: 10.21037/qims-20-1410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Although it was assumed in the early stages of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak that the novel coronavirus infection was uncommon among children, the number of infected children has since been increasing significantly. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is the gold standard modality for the diagnosis of COVID-19 infection. In adults, chest CT is performed as an adjunct for identifying suspected COVID-19 cases along with patients' management and follow-up. However, CT findings in COVID-19 children studies have shown a diverse incidence of abnormal CT and finding patterns that made CT scan necessity to have remained controversial. The aim of the present review was to comprehensively determine the imaging findings of chest CT scans of confirmed COVID-19-infected pediatric patients through a systematic review of the available published studies. Methods A systematic literature search was performed in the PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science core collection databases (four databases including SSCI, SCIE, AHCI, and ESCI) to find original articles containing chest CT findings in children with COVID-19 through May 7, 2021. This review included 81 articles published in English that in total included 3,557 pediatric patients. Results This review included 81 articles published in English that in total included 3,557 pediatric patients. Among the total confirmed coronavirus-infected cases (via RT-PCR test), two-thirds had abnormal chest CT findings; among these patients, 549 (37.8%) had bilateral lung involvement, and 475 (32.7%) had unilateral disease. Regarding the types of lung lesions, ground glass opacities were observed in 794 (54.7%) of patients, and consolidation was observed in 10.2%; moreover, halo sign, discrete pulmonary nodules, interstitial abnormalities or reticulations, and vascular thickening shadows were reported in 7.4%, 2.6%, 9.7% and 1.7% of the patients, respectively. Discussion This review revealed that chest CT scan manifestations in majority of COVID-19 positive children are mild, so regarding the risk of radiation exposure, it is reasonable to confine CT scan to individual cases that its benefits outweigh the risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laleh Ebrahimpour
- Department of Radiology, Bahar Hospital, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Mahdis Marashi
- Department of Radiology, Shahid Mohammadi Hospital, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Hadi Zamanian
- School of Health, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Mahboubeh Abedi
- Radiology Department, Arash Women's Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Abd El-Raheem GOH, Mohamed DSI, Yousif MAA, Elamin HES. Characteristics and severity of COVID-19 among Sudanese patients during the waves of the pandemic. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2021; 14:e01033. [PMID: 34729446 PMCID: PMC8553365 DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2021.e01033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is associated with marked morbidity and mortality. COVID-19 symptoms ranged from mild symptoms to severe pneumonia requiring admission to intensive care unit. Imperial College reported that, this second wave in Khartoum is expected to be similar to the first wave. The aim of our study was to study the characteristics and severity of COVID-19 among Sudanese patients during the waves of the pandemic. A hospital-based analytical Cross-Sectional study assessed the characteristics of COVID-19 patients who attended Imperial Hospital since November 2020, Khartoum, Sudan. Data were collected, retrospectively, from the medical records of COVID-19 patients. The characteristics of the patients were recorded. The statistical package for social sciences (SPSS-23) was used to describe and analyze the data. Descriptive statistics and chi-square test were used; tests were considered statistically significant when p < 0.05. Of the 138 participants, 75.4% were aged above 60 years. Males were 61.6%. Severe cases were 37.7%, with higher rate in the third wave (p = 0.000). Duration of hospitalization was ≤ 5 days in 60.9% of the cases, majority were from the 2nd wave (p = 0.001). Comorbidities of COVID-19 patients were more among non-severe cases (p = 0.001). COVID-19 symptoms were more prevalent in non-severe cases. Complications were more in severe cases (p = 0.000). Odds ratio of having ischemic stroke was 6.833 [95%CI: 2.092-22.321] based on COVID-19 severity. The elderly population were the majority. More males were getting admitted. Atypical symptoms were reported beside the common symptoms. Wider multi-center studies are recommended in order to complete the big picture of COVID-19 in Sudan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada Omer Hamad Abd El-Raheem
- Pharmacy Department, American Board Certified Critical Care Clinical Pharmacist, Imperial Specialized Hospital, Alsharif Alhindi street, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Doaa Salih Ibrahim Mohamed
- Emergency Department, Senior Medical Officer, Imperial Specialized Hospital, Alsharif Alhindi street, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Maysoun Ahmed Awad Yousif
- Emergency Department, Senior Medical Officer, Imperial Specialized Hospital, Alsharif Alhindi street, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Hind Eltayeb Salih Elamin
- Full Membership of Royal College of Physicians in London, Certificate in Research Methodology, Harvard University, Physician in Abu Dhabi Telemedicine Center, P.O. Box 147722, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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Hui S. Recent scientific research progress and challenges of COVID-19 pandemic: a global public health event. PROCEEDINGS OF THE INDIAN NATIONAL SCIENCE ACADEMY 2021. [PMCID: PMC8564281 DOI: 10.1007/s43538-021-00058-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2022]
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QUEIROZ HENRIQUEVONRONDOWDE, TOLDO NILOEIJINAKAMURA, OLIVEIRA BRUNAGABRIELAPASSARINIDE, SANTANA MARCOSVINICIUSFELIX, DOBASHI EIFFELTSUYOSHI. THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON THE ORTHOPEDIC CARE SYSTEM IN A PRIVATE HOSPITAL. ACTA ORTOPEDICA BRASILEIRA 2021; 29:289-292. [PMID: 34849091 PMCID: PMC8601388 DOI: 10.1590/1413-785220212906245348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate and compare the patient flow in the emergency department and the number of surgeries performed, as well as to determine the incidence of diseases due to the impact generated by the pandemic in April, May, June, and July 2020. Methods: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study that analyzed medical records using the TASY Phillips software. The 2019 information was compiled and served as a basis accomplish our comparative analyses. The ICD-10 was used to determine the different conditions considering the highest incidence of them. Results: there was a reduction in attendance of 49.3%; the reduction in the number of surgeries was 34.39%; among the main diagnoses in decreasing order were: Pain in the Lumbar Spine (18.76%), Joint Pain (14.82%), Neck Pain (7.7%), Ankle Sprain (4.2%) and Pain in the Limb (3.54%). Conclusion: There was a decrease in the number of visits and the overall incidence of surgeries in our service.Level of Evidence II, Retrospective Study.
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Acharya Y, Alameer A, Calpin G, Alkhattab M, Sultan S. A comprehensive review of vascular complications in COVID-19. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2021; 53:586-593. [PMID: 34724155 PMCID: PMC8558544 DOI: 10.1007/s11239-021-02593-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to review the available literature pertinent to vascular complications in COVID-19. A systematic search was performed using PubMed and Google Scholar to identify all relevant studies based on our study objective. Multiple studies have reported widespread systemic inflammation and procoagulant/hypercoagulable state in COVID-19, including thrombotic microangiopathy, endothelial dysfunction, bleeding disorder, and thrombosis. However, large specialised studies on vascular complications are lacking despite current evidence indicating dysfunctional coagulation pathways. Furthermore, there are no clear and definitive recommendations regarding thromboprophylaxis or full therapeutic anticoagulation in COVID-19. Several studies have reported hypercoagulability and vascular complications as important predictors of patient outcome in COVID-19. Therefore, it is important to understand the pathogenesis, epidemiology, management, and outcomes of patients who develop venous or arterial thrombosis and those with a pre-existing thrombotic disease who contract COVID-19 for risk stratification, thromboprophylaxis, optimal antithrombotic therapy during active infection and long-term anticoagulation following discharge or recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh Acharya
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Western Vascular Institute, University Hospital Galway, National University of Ireland, Newcastle Road, H91 YR71, Galway, Ireland
| | - Aqeel Alameer
- Department of Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gavin Calpin
- Department of General Surgery, University Hospital Galway, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Maha Alkhattab
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Western Vascular Institute, University Hospital Galway, National University of Ireland, Newcastle Road, H91 YR71, Galway, Ireland
| | - Sherif Sultan
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Western Vascular Institute, University Hospital Galway, National University of Ireland, Newcastle Road, H91 YR71, Galway, Ireland. .,Department of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Surgery, Galway Clinic, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and National University of Ireland Galway affiliated Hospital, Doughiska, Ireland.
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Mobini M, Ghasemian R, Vahedi Larijani L, Mataji M, Maleki I. Immunologic markers, vasculitis-associated autoantibodies, and complement levels in patients with COVID-19. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF ISFAHAN UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021; 26:103. [PMID: 34899941 PMCID: PMC8607177 DOI: 10.4103/jrms.jrms_923_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a virus which can lead to severe acute respiratory syndrome-CoV-2 (SARS-COV-2). There are evidences of involvement of immune system in pathogenesis of this disease. We investigated the presence of various vasculitis-associated autoantibodies and complement levels in patients with COVID-19. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients with severe or critical type of COVID-19 were evaluated for symptoms, signs, and laboratory tests of vasculitis syndromes including rheumatoid factor (RF), antinuclear antibody (ANA), anti-double-stranded DNA, c and p anti-neutrophilic cytoplasmic antibody (c ANCA and P ANCA), and complement levels. RESULTS The study was performed in forty patients with severe or critical illness. The mean age of the participants was 48.5 ± 9.8 years. All patients had pulmonary involvement in lung computed tomography scans. Vasculitis laboratory test results included RF in two patients, ANA in three patients, and ANCA in one patient. Seventeen (42.5%) patients had hypocomplementemia in one or more complement tests. Four patients expired, of whom three had a decrease in complement level. CONCLUSION Decrease in complement levels may predict a critical state of COVID-19 disease. Therefore, measuring its levels may be of great benefit in making earlier decisions to initiate disease-suppressing treatments including corticosteroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Mobini
- Diabetes Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Roya Ghasemian
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Laleh Vahedi Larijani
- Immunogenetic Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Maede Mataji
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Iradj Maleki
- Gut and Liver Research Center, Non-Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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Quach HL, Nguyen KC, Hoang NA, Pham TQ, Tran DN, Le MTQ, Do HT, Vien CC, Phan LT, Ngu ND, Tran TA, Phung DC, Tran QD, Dang TQ, Dang DA, Vogt F. Association of public health interventions and COVID-19 incidence in Vietnam, January to December 2020. Int J Infect Dis 2021; 110 Suppl 1:S28-S43. [PMID: 34332082 PMCID: PMC8318669 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vietnam implemented various public health interventions such as contact tracing and testing, mandatory quarantine, and lockdowns in response to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, the effects of these measures on the epidemic remain unclear. METHODS This article describes the public health interventions in relation to COVID-19 incidence. Maximum likelihood estimations were used to assess containment delays (time between symptom onset and start of isolation) and multivariable regression was employed to identify associated factors between interventions and COVID-19 incidence. The effective reproductive numbers (Rt) were calculated based on transmission pairs. RESULTS Interventions were introduced periodically in response to the epidemic. Overall, 817 (55.4%) among 1474 COVID-19 cases were imported. Based on a serial interval of 8.72 ± 5.65 days, it was estimated that Rt decreased to below 1 (lowest at 0.02, 95% CI 0-0.12) during periods of strict border control and contact tracing, and increased ahead of new clusters. The main method to detect cases shifted over time from passive notification to active case-finding at immigration or in lockdown areas, with containment delays showing significant differences between modes of case detection. CONCLUSIONS A combination of early, strict, and consistently implemented interventions is crucial to control COVID-19. Low-middle income countries with limited capacity can contain COVID-19 successfully using non-pharmaceutical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Linh Quach
- Department of Epidemiology, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam; National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Research School of Population Health, College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Khanh Cong Nguyen
- Department of Epidemiology, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Ngoc-Anh Hoang
- Department of Epidemiology, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam; National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Research School of Population Health, College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
| | - Thai Quang Pham
- Department of Epidemiology, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam; School of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Duong Nhu Tran
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Hung Thai Do
- Nha Trang Pasteur Institute, Nha Trang City, Khanh Hoa, Vietnam
| | - Chien Chinh Vien
- Tay Nguyen Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Dak Lak, Vietnam
| | - Lan Trong Phan
- Ho Chi Minh Pasteur Institute, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nghia Duy Ngu
- Department of Epidemiology, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tu Anh Tran
- Department of Epidemiology, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Dinh Cong Phung
- National Agency for Science and Technology Information, Ministry of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Quang Dai Tran
- General Department of Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tan Quang Dang
- General Department of Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Duc-Anh Dang
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Florian Vogt
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Research School of Population Health, College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia; The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Sampath S, Khedr A, Qamar S, Tekin A, Singh R, Green R, Kashyap R. Pandemics Throughout the History. Cureus 2021; 13:e18136. [PMID: 34692344 PMCID: PMC8525686 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.18136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
As we move amidst the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, we have witnessed tremendous distress, death, and turmoil of everyday life for more than one year now. However, they are not modern phenomena; deadly pandemics have happened throughout recorded history. Pandemics such as the plague, Spanish Flu, HIV, and Ebola caused deaths, destruction of political regimes, as well as financial and psychosocial burdens. However, they sometimes resulted in scientific discoveries. Understanding the mechanism of the emergence of these pandemics is crucial to control any spreading pandemic and prevent the emergence of a potential new one. Public health agencies need to work on improving the countries' pandemic preparedness to prevent any future pandemics. The review article aims to shed light on some of the deadliest pandemics throughout history, information of critical importance for clinicians and researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anwar Khedr
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Mankato, USA
- Internal Medicine, Tanta University Faculty of Medicine, Tanta, EGY
| | - Shahraz Qamar
- Post-Baccalaureate Research Education Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA
| | - Aysun Tekin
- Anesthesia Clinical Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA
| | - Romil Singh
- Anesthesia Clinical Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA
- Neurology, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Ronya Green
- Family Medicine, Southern Hills Medical Center, TriStar Division, Hospital Corporation of America (HCA) Healthcare, Nashville, USA
| | - Rahul Kashyap
- Family Medicine, Southern Hills Medical Center, TriStar Division, Hospital Corporation of America (HCA) Healthcare, Nashville, USA
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Supari S, Nuryanto DE, Setiawan AM, Alfahmi F, Sopaheluwakan A, Hanggoro W, Gustari I, Safril A, Yunita R, Makmur EES, Swarinoto Y. The association between initial COVID-19 spread and meteorological factors in Indonesia. ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY (SINGAPORE) 2021; 4:569-578. [PMID: 38624952 PMCID: PMC8403470 DOI: 10.1007/s42398-021-00202-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
On March 2, 2020, the first Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) case was reported in Jakarta, Indonesia. One and a half months later (15/05/2020), the cumulative number of infection cases was 16,496, with a total of 1076 mortalities. This study investigates the possible role of weather in the early cases of COVID-19 in six selected cities in Indonesia. Daily temperature and relative humidity data from weather stations nearby in each city were collected from March 3 to April 30, 2020, corresponding with COVID-19 incidence. Correlation tests and regression analysis were performed to examine the association of those two data series. Moreover, we analyzed the distribution of COVID-19 referring the weather data to estimate the effective range of weather data supporting the COVID-19 incidence. Our result reveals that weather data is generally associated with COVID-19 incidence. The daily average temperature (T-ave) and relative humidity (RH) present significant positive and negative correlation with COVID-19 data, respectively. However, the correlation coefficients are weak, with the strongest correlations found at the 5-day lag, i.e., 0.37 (- 0.41) for T-ave (RH). The regression analysis consistently confirmed this relation. The distribution analysis reveals that most COVID-19 cases in Indonesia occurred in the daily temperature range of 25-31 °C and relative humidity of 74-92%. Our findings suggest that COVID-19 incidence in Indonesia has a weak association with weather conditions. Therefore, non-meteorological factors seem to play a more prominent role and should be given greater consideration in preventing the spread of COVID-19. Graphic abstract Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42398-021-00202-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supari Supari
- Division of Climate Variability Analysis, Center for Climate Change Information, Indonesian Agency for Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics (BMKG), Jl. Angkasa I, No 2, Kemayoran, Jakarta, 10720 Indonesia
| | - Danang Eko Nuryanto
- Center for Research and Development, Indonesian Agency for Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics (BMKG), Jakarta, 10720 Indonesia
| | - Amsari Mudzakir Setiawan
- Division of Climate Variability Analysis, Center for Climate Change Information, Indonesian Agency for Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics (BMKG), Jl. Angkasa I, No 2, Kemayoran, Jakarta, 10720 Indonesia
| | - Furqon Alfahmi
- Center for Marine Meteorology, Indonesian Agency for Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics (BMKG), Jakarta, 10720 Indonesia
| | - Ardhasena Sopaheluwakan
- Center for Applied Climate Services, Indonesian Agency for Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics (BMKG), Jakarta, 10720 Indonesia
| | - Wido Hanggoro
- Center for Research and Development, Indonesian Agency for Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics (BMKG), Jakarta, 10720 Indonesia
| | - Indra Gustari
- Bogor Climatological Station, Bogor, 16115 Indonesia
| | - Agus Safril
- State College of Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics (STMKG), Tangerang, 15221 Indonesia
| | - Rezky Yunita
- Center for Research and Development, Indonesian Agency for Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics (BMKG), Jakarta, 10720 Indonesia
| | - Erwin Eka Syahputra Makmur
- Center for Research and Development, Indonesian Agency for Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics (BMKG), Jakarta, 10720 Indonesia
| | - Yunus Swarinoto
- Center for Research and Development, Indonesian Agency for Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics (BMKG), Jakarta, 10720 Indonesia
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Tess BH, Granato CFH, Alves MCGP, Pintão MCT, Nunes MC, Rizzatti EG, Reinach FDC. Assessment of initial SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in the most affected districts in the municipality of São Paulo, Brazil. Braz J Infect Dis 2021; 25:101604. [PMID: 34416142 PMCID: PMC8352673 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2021.101604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background São Paulo city has been one of the regions most affected by the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. Frequent asymptomatic and oligosymptomatic infections and poor access to diagnostic tests make serosurveys crucial to monitor the magnitude of the epidemic and to inform public health policies, such as vaccination plans. Objectives To estimate, early in the epidemic, the seroprevalence of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in adults living in the six most affected districts in São Paulo city, and to assess potential associated risk factors. Methods This was a cross-sectional population-based survey of 1,152 households randomly selected from 72 census tracts. During the period May 4–12, 2020, 463 participants completed a questionnaire on sociodemographic characteristics and history of symptoms in the past two weeks, and provided a blood sample. Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was the outcome of interest and was estimated based on results of two immunoassays, Maglumi SARS-CoV-2 chemiluminescence assay Immunoglobulin (Ig) M (IgM) and IgG, and Roche electrochemiluminescence assay total Ig. Serum samples reactive to either assay were considered positive. Results Weighted overall seroprevalence was 6% (95%CI 3.9–8.3%). No association was observed between seropositivity and sex, age group or education level. Participants who reported black and brown skin color showed a 2.7 fold higher prevalence than people with white skin (p = 0.007). Among the 30 seropositive individuals, 14 (46.6%) reported no COVID-19 compatible symptoms in the past two weeks. Conclusion This study represents the first assessment of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in the city of São Paulo and 6% is the baseline estimate of a series of population-based seroprevalence surveys. Serological screening using sound serological assays is the key tool to monitoring temporal and geographic changes in the spread of the virus through an important epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. Ultimately, it may inform prevention and control efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Helena Tess
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | - Edgar Gil Rizzatti
- Grupo Fleury, Divisão de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Abbass S, Kamal E, Salama M, Salman T, Sabry A, Abdel-Razek W, Helmy S, Abdelgwad A, Sakr N, Elgazzar M, Einar M, Farouk M, Saif M, Shehab I, El-Hosieny E, Mansour M, Mahdi D, Tharwa ES, Salah M, Elrouby O, Waked I. Efficacy and safety of sofosbuvir plus daclatasvir or ravidasvir in patients with COVID-19: A randomized controlled trial. J Med Virol 2021; 93:6750-6759. [PMID: 34379337 PMCID: PMC8426808 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Only a few treatments are approved for coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19) infections, with continuous debate about their clinical impact. Repurposing antiviral treatments might prove the fastest way to identify effective therapy. This trial aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of sofosbuvir (SOF) plus daclatasvir (DCV) or ravidasvir (RDV) added to standard care (SOC) for patients with moderate and severe COVID‐19 infection. Multicentre parallel randomized controlled open‐label trial. One hundred and twenty eligible patients with moderate and severe COVID‐19 infection were randomized to one of the study arms. Ten days of treatment with SOF plus DCV or RDV in addition to the standard of care compared to SOC. Follow up in 7 days. Sum of the counted symptoms at 7 and 10 days, mean change in oxygen saturation level, viral negativity, and rate of intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Compared to SOC, the SOF‐DCV group experienced a significantly lower sum of the counted symptoms (fever, headache, generalized aches, or respiratory distress) combined with no evidence of deterioration (ICU admission and mechanical ventilation) on Days 7 and 10 of treatment. Oxygen saturation also significantly improved among the SOF‐DCV group compared to SOC starting from Day 4. The study also showed positive trends regarding the efficacy of SOF‐DCV with a lower incidence of mortality. On the other hand, adding SOF‐RDV to SOC did not show significant improvements in endpoints. The results support the efficacy and safety of SOF‐DCV as an add‐on to SOC for the treatment of moderate to severe COVID‐19 infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif Abbass
- National Liver Institute, Shebeen El-Kom, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Ehab Kamal
- Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohsen Salama
- National Liver Institute, Shebeen El-Kom, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Tary Salman
- National Liver Institute, Shebeen El-Kom, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Alyaa Sabry
- National Liver Institute, Shebeen El-Kom, Menoufia, Egypt
| | | | | | | | - Neamt Sakr
- National Liver Institute, Shebeen El-Kom, Menoufia, Egypt
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Imam Waked
- National Liver Institute, Shebeen El-Kom, Menoufia, Egypt
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Deeb A, Kumar PC, Sakrani N, Trehan RK, Papinenei VR. Neurological Presentations of COVID-19: Characteristic Features in a Case Series of Hospitalized Patients from Abu Dhabi, UAE. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:5822259. [PMID: 34423037 PMCID: PMC8376468 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5822259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 patients can present with neurological manifestations in the form of headache, dizziness, hyposmia, myalgia, peripheral neuropathy, acute cerebrovascular disease, and encephalopathy. Neurological involvement could be due to virus-induced brain hypoxia, brain infection, or immune reaction. We aim to describe the neurological presentation of COVID-19 patients and study their neuroimaging findings and disease outcome. METHOD The study is a single-centre, retrospective, observational study in Sheikh Shakhbout Medical City (SSMC), Abu Dhabi, UAE. Patients diagnosed with COVID-19 between March and May 2020 who presented with neuropathological features with or without respiratory manifestations of COVID-19 were enrolled. Electronic records were studied for age, sex, duration of hospitalization, detailed neurological presentation, history or documented concomitant fever and respiratory features of COVID-19, inflammatory markers, neuroimaging, progress, and disease outcome. RESULTS Thirty-three patients of 10 nationalities presented with neurological manifestations. Mean (range) age was 51.4 (21-86) years. Twenty-four had comorbidities, and 18 had no prior or concomitant respiratory symptoms. Ten patients presented with encephalopathy and exhibited altered behavior/sensorium: 7 presented with myositis, 8 with stroke, and 4 with seizures, and 4 had peripheral and cranial nerve involvement. The mean (average) duration of hospital stay was 11.4 days (1-38) with the longest observed in stroke patients. Fifteen patients (45%) died and 3 (9%) had residual weakness. Serum ferritin, CRP, and procalcitonin were higher in the severe disease group and correlated with risk of death. Twelve of 22 brain images showed abnormalities including haemorrhage, infarcts, small vessel ischemia, and oedema. Risk of death was higher in older age but did not differ based on the underlying neuropathology. CONCLUSION COVID-19 patients who present with neurological involvement have a higher risk of mortality which is aggravated by older age and higher inflammatory markers. The type of neurological pathology does not seem to influence the risk of mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Deeb
- Division of Paediatric Endocrinology, Sheikh Shakhbout Medical City, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | | | - Nida Sakrani
- Division of Paediatric Rheumatology, Sheikh Shakhbout Medical City, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Ravi Kumar Trehan
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sheikh Shakhbout Medical City, Abu Dhabi, UAE
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张 磊, 陈 晋, 黄 兢, 宋 莉, 熊 杨, 戴 薇, 彭 伶. Application of "family member -like " care strategies among COVID -19 patients in an isolation ward. ZHONG NAN DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF CENTRAL SOUTH UNIVERSITY. MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021; 46:736-744. [PMID: 34382591 PMCID: PMC10930131 DOI: 10.11817/j.issn.1672-7347.2021.210046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To control the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) effectively, strict isolation measures have been taken in China. Suspected patients must be isolated, and the confirmed patients specifically are isolated in negative-pressure isolation rooms. During the isolation, patients face difficulty in adapting to their surrounding environment, worry about the prognosis of the disease, lack confidence in treatment, separate from their families, and have a sense of distance from medical staff. Isolated patients may possess the feelings of negativity, including loneliness, anxiety, depression, insomnia, and despair. Hence, to reduce the risk of adverse psychological outcomes, "family member-like" care strategies were developed and implemented to solve problems associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to examine whether using "family member-like" care strategies can improve psychological resilience and reduce depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms among patients with COVID-19 in an isolation ward. METHODS A quasi-experimental design was used to evaluate the "family member-like" care strategies for adult patients with COVID-19 in an isolation ward. COVID-19 patients in the Xiangya ward of the West District of the Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology in Wuhan, Hubei province, were included in this study from February 9 to March 20, 2020. Healthcare providers who volunteered as family members were assigned to patients. They practiced one-to-one care and provided continuous and whole care for the patients who were from admission to discharge. Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale-10 (CD-RISC-10) and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) were used to evaluate the resilience and psychological status of COVID-19 inpatients upon hospital admission, 2 weeks after admission, and at their discharge from the hospital. RESULTS The questionnaire response rate of the "family member-like" strategies was 100%. Of the 60 patients, 39 (65.0%) were male, and 21 (35%) were female. The hospital stay was (27.5±3.5) days. All the 60 patients were cured and discharged without any death and serious complications. The total scores for CD-RISC were 8.83±6.86 at admission, 29.13±5.42 at 2 weeks after admission, and 33.87±6.14 at discharge, which were significantly improved at the 2 follow-ups (F=404.564, P<0.001). Multivariate analysis and repeated measurements also indicated that patients experienced significant improvements in tenacity (F=360.839, P<0.001), strength (F=368.217, P<0.001), and optimism (F=328.456, P<0.001) at the 2 follow-ups. The total scores of DASS-21 were 49.27±11.30 at admission, 30.77±16.71 at 2 weeks after admission, and 4.17±11.03 at discharge, and the scores were significantly decreased at the 2 follow-ups (F=270.536, P<0.001). Multivariate analysis and repeated measurements also indicated that patients experienced significant decreases in depression (F=211.938, P<0.001), anxiety (F=285.592, P<0.001), and stress (F=287.478, P<0.001) at the 2 follow-ups. CONCLUSIONS "Family member-like" strategies had positive effects on improving psychological resilience and reducing the symptoms of anxiety and depression of COVID-19 patients. It might be an effective care method for COVID-19 patients. It should be incorporated into emergency care management to improve care quality during public health emergencies of infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - 薇薇 戴
- DAI Weiwei, , ORCID: 0000-0003-3375-0249
| | - 伶丽 彭
- PENG Lingli, , ORCID: 0000-0002-9324-9651
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Xu S, Liu P, Mei S, Lv Q, Cheng C, Lu Y, Kong D, Wu X, Wen Y, Cao B, Gao S, Xiong H, Zhao J, Huang Y, Luo Y, Feng T. Analysis of the comprehensive non-pharmaceutical interventions and measures in containing the COVID-19 epidemic in Shenzhen: a retrospective study. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e044940. [PMID: 34312193 PMCID: PMC8316694 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyse the epidemiological characteristics of family clusters of COVID-19 and the three stages of the comprehensive non-pharmaceutical interventions and measures implemented in Shenzhen. METHODS The epidemic curve of COVID-19 was drawn and the impact of the comprehensive non-pharmaceutical interventions and measures was analysed by the different periods of the epidemic. RESULTS A total of 427 cases (417 confirmed cases and 10 asymptomatic infectious cases) were reported in Shenzhen, of which 259 (60.7%) were clustered cases. 97 cluster events were drawn and most cluster events (97.3%) occurred in families. There were three stages of the COVID-19 epidemic in Shenzhen. The epidemic increased rapidly, but the peak lasted for a short time, while the decline in incidence was rapid and large. CONCLUSIONS Family clusters were the main feature of the COVID-19 outbreak in Shenzhen in 2020, and the Shenzhen government rolled out a quick response to the epidemic. Non-pharmaceutical interventions and measures were proven to have effectively contained community transmission, limit the transmission to aggregation and reduce the scale of transmission within a household.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shule Xu
- Department of Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Peiyi Liu
- Department of Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shujiang Mei
- Department of Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiuying Lv
- Department of Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Cong Cheng
- Department of Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Dongfeng Kong
- Department of Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoliang Wu
- Department of Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Wen
- Department of Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Bin Cao
- Department of Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shitong Gao
- Department of Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Huawei Xiong
- Department of Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jin Zhao
- Department of AIDS Control and Prevention, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuanyuan Huang
- Department of School Health, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yijuan Luo
- Department of AIDS Control and Prevention, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Tiejian Feng
- Department of Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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Chayakova A, Dauletyarova M, Aldyngurov D, Mussina A, Suleimenova R, Utegenova A, Orazbayev M, Tuyakova G. Trends of Emergency Calls During the Coronavirus Disease-19 Pandemic in Nur-Sultan. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2021.6629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The new coronavirus infection (coronavirus disease [COVID]-19) has become a serious obstacle on the health-care systems in Kazakhstan, as well as throughout the world. Certainly, the extent of emergency medical services (EMSs) use at some stage within the COVID-19 pandemic has been increased. However, the impact on the use of EMS in Kazakhstan during the COVID-19 pandemic has not been studied.
AIM: The aim of this study was to analyze the dynamics of changes in the number of emergency medical calls during the COVID-19 pandemic, depending on the time of year, day of the week, and the causes for the calls.
METHODS: This study retrospectively evaluated the Nur-Sultan (capital of Kazakhstan) EMS data for the period after the pandemic was first seen in Kazakhstan. The necessary permissions for the study were obtained from the Nur-Sultan City Public Health Department. EMS data for the same time interval (February 1–May 1) in the past 3 years (2018, 2019, and 2020) were compared. The data were taken from the database of the automated control system “Komek 103,” which is used in the ambulance station since the end of 2019, and the automated dispatch information systems “ADIS” used by the ambulance station in Nur-Sultan.
RESULTS: During the COVID-19 pandemic, EMS call rates had been maximum common on Mondays and Thursdays by 13, 75%. The evaluation suggests that the quantity of male sufferers extended by 14, 05% in the course of the pandemic length, as compared to the pre-pandemic length. The quantity of patients with inside the 65+ age group in the course of the pandemic length has extended by 31.5%. During the pandemic, the signs and symptoms of fever enlarged significantly by 83%. Moreover, suicides elevated by 61% during the pandemic period. During the COVID‐19 pandemic, using EMS particularly for time touchy illnesses, which include hypertension (−31%), surgical emergencies (acute abdomen) (−40%), cerebrovascular illnesses (−11%), and other heart illnesses (−29%) decreased.
CONCLUSIONS: During the pandemic period, there was an increase in the calls from male patients, compared to the pre-pandemic period. Moreover, during the COVID-19 pandemic, EMS call rates had been increased on Mondays and Thursdays. We found an alteration with inside the sample of obtained calls. Furthermore, the quantity of patients with inside the 65+ age group in the course of the pandemic length has extended.
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Monárrez-Espino J, Zubía-Nevárez CI, Reyes-Silva L, Castillo-Palencia JP, Castañeda-Delgado JE, Herrera van-Oostdam AS, López-Hernández Y. Clinical Factors Associated with COVID-19 Severity in Mexican Patients: Cross-Sectional Analysis from a Multicentric Hospital Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9070895. [PMID: 34356272 PMCID: PMC8307927 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9070895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Latin America has been harshly hit by SARS-CoV-2, but reporting from this region is still incomplete. This study aimed at identifying and comparing clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19 at different stages of disease severity. (2) Methods: Cross-sectional multicentric study. Individuals with nasopharyngeal PCR were categorized into four groups: (1) negative, (2) positive, not hospitalized, (3) positive, hospitalized with/without supplementary oxygen, and (4) positive, intubated. Clinical and laboratory data were compared, using group 1 as the reference. Multivariate multinomial logistic regression was used to compare adjusted odds ratios. (3) Results: Nine variables remained in the model, explaining 76% of the variability. Men had increased odds, from 1.90 (95%CI 0.87–4.15) in the comparison of 2 vs. 1, to 3.66 (1.12–11.9) in 4 vs. 1. Diabetes and obesity were strong predictors. For diabetes, the odds for groups 2, 3, and 4 were 1.56 (0.29–8.16), 12.8 (2.50–65.8), and 16.1 (2.87–90.2); for obesity, these were 0.79 (0.31–2.05), 3.38 (1.04–10.9), and 4.10 (1.16–14.4), respectively. Fever, myalgia/arthralgia, cough, dyspnea, and neutrophilia were associated with the more severe COVID-19 group. Anosmia/dysgeusia were more likely to occur in group 2 (25.5; 2.51–259). (4) Conclusion: The results point to relevant differences in clinical and laboratory features of COVID-19 by level of severity that can be used in medical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Monárrez-Espino
- Department of Health Research, Christus Muguerza del Parque Hospital, Chihuahua 31000, Mexico;
- Vice Presidency of Health Sciences, Medical Specialties Program, University of Monterrey, San Pedro Garza García 66238, Mexico;
- Correspondence: (J.M.-E.); (Y.L.-H.); Tel.: +52-614-4397-932 (J.M.-E.)
| | - Carolina Ivette Zubía-Nevárez
- Vice Presidency of Health Sciences, Medical Specialties Program, University of Monterrey, San Pedro Garza García 66238, Mexico;
| | - Lorena Reyes-Silva
- Department of Health Research, Christus Muguerza del Parque Hospital, Chihuahua 31000, Mexico;
| | - Juan Pablo Castillo-Palencia
- General Hospital of Soledad de Graciano Sánchez, San Luis Potosí Health Services, Soledad de Graciano Sánchez 78435, Mexico;
| | | | | | - Yamilé López-Hernández
- Metabolomics and Proteomics Laboratory, Mexican Council of Science and Technology, Zacatecas Autonomous University, Zacatecas 98000, Mexico
- Correspondence: (J.M.-E.); (Y.L.-H.); Tel.: +52-614-4397-932 (J.M.-E.)
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Zhou Y, Tang J, Zhang J, Wu Q. Impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic and a free influenza vaccine strategy on the willingness of residents to receive influenza vaccines in Shanghai, China. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2021; 17:2289-2292. [PMID: 33577397 PMCID: PMC8189049 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2020.1871571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The influenza vaccine is not included in China's national immunization program. Here, we assessed influenza vaccine coverage among Shanghai residents and estimated the impacts of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic and a hypothetical free vaccine strategy on the willingness of participants to receive influenza vaccines. The coverage of influenza vaccines among Shanghai residents from 2015 to 2019 was 1.4% (range: 1%-2.4%). A total of 792 adult participants (aged 19-59 years) along with 821 children and 445 older individuals were included in the analysis. The willingness of participants to receive influenza vaccines reached 68.4% following the COVID-19 epidemic. Furthermore, if the vaccine was made available at no cost, 85.9% of participants were willing to be vaccinated. Our data indicated that influenza vaccine coverage is extremely low in Shanghai but that more than two-thirds of participants were willing to receive influenza vaccines following the COVID-19 epidemic. Making influenza vaccines available for free could further increase coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yehong Zhou
- Department of Immunization, The Changqiao Community Health Service Centre in Xuhui District, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Tang
- Department of Immunization, The Changqiao Community Health Service Centre in Xuhui District, Shanghai, China
| | - Junjie Zhang
- Department of Immunization and Epidemiology, Xuhui District Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiangsong Wu
- Department of Immunization and Epidemiology, Xuhui District Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
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Ahmed S, Zimba O, Gasparyan AY. COVID-19 and the clinical course of rheumatic manifestations. Clin Rheumatol 2021; 40:2611-2619. [PMID: 33733315 PMCID: PMC7968918 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-021-05691-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The manifestations of COVID-19 have been evolving over time. Various post-COVID-19 syndromes are being recognised. Various viruses have been implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, and we expect a similar outcome with the severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). The SARS-CoV-2 virus penetrates various tissues and organs and has a predisposition to lead to endotheliitis that may cause vascular manifestations including thrombosis. SARS-CoV-2 has been shown to activate Toll-like receptors and the complement system. It perpetuates NETosis and leads to autoantibody formation. These predispose to systemic autoimmunity. Both reactive arthritis and connective tissue disorders such as lupus and inflammatory myositis have been reported after COVID-19. Other reported autoimmune disorders include haemolytic anaemia, immune thrombocytopenia, cutaneous vasculitis, and Guillain Barré-like acute demyelinating disorders. The multi-system inflammatory syndrome in children and its adult counterpart are another post-COVID-19 entity that presents as an admixture of Kawasaki disease and staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome. Patients with preexisting rheumatic diseases may flare during the SARS-CoV-2 infection. They may develop novel autoimmune features also. The immune-suppressants used during the acute COVID-19 illness may confound the outcomes whereas comorbidities present in patients with rheumatic diseases may mask them. There is an urgent need to follow-up patients recovering from COVID and monitor autoantibody production in the context of rheumatic manifestations. Key Points • COVID-19 is associated with both innate and acquired immune reactions and production of various autoantibodies. • Various immune-mediated manifestations such as arthritis, myositis, haemolytic anaemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute demyelination may develop after COVID-19. • Longitudinal cohort data are warranted to describe, predict, and test prevent various rheumatic manifestations in post-COVID-19 subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakir Ahmed
- Department of Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS), KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Olena Zimba
- Department of Internal Medicine No. 2, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Armen Yuri Gasparyan
- Departments of Rheumatology and Research and Development, Russells Hall Hospital, Dudley, Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust (Teaching Trust of the University of Birmingham, UK), Pensnett Road, Dudley, West Midlands DY1 2HQ UK
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Yousif M, Abd El-Raheem G, Mohamed D. Use of Remdesivir in the treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection among Sudanese patients: a case series. F1000Res 2021; 10:512. [PMID: 35387271 PMCID: PMC8941288 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.51375.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is affecting populations worldwide. Remdesivir is an anti-retroviral agent, with a broad spectrum of usage. Remdesivir usage against COVID-19 had been studied both in vitro and in vivo but is still considered a new treatment for COVID-19 and is not available in all countries. The aim of our study was to report several cases of the use of Remdesivir in Sudanese patients and report the adverse events related to the course of treatment. Methods: A case series study was conducted in Imperial Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan reporting two cases who received Remdesivir for treating COVID-19 besides other treatments such as steroids and supportive therapy in December 2020. Cases were males aged over 65 years. Cases presentation: Both patients were severe cases of COVID-19 admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), who received Remdesivir for treating COVID-19 infection. Several side effects were reported: the first case had increased liver enzymes and then unexpectedly died from severe resistant hypotension; and hypoalbuminemia was noticed in the second case. Conclusions: Remdesivir use among patients in Sudan must be studied extensively in order to determine the unexpected fatal event and assess the association of this event to Remdesivir use, as well as to report the frequency of the side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maysoun Yousif
- Emergency, Imperial Hospital, Khartoum, Khartoum, 11114, Sudan
| | - Ghada Abd El-Raheem
- Pharmacy, Imperial Hospital, Military Hospital, Soba University Hospital, Khartoum, Khartoum, 11114, Sudan
| | - Doaa Mohamed
- Emergency Department, Imperial Hospital, Khartoum, Khartoum, 11114, Sudan
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Zhou Y, Zhang J, Wu W, Liang M, Wu QS. Willingness to receive future COVID-19 vaccines following the COVID-19 epidemic in Shanghai, China. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1103. [PMID: 34107930 PMCID: PMC8188944 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11174-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are no pharmacological interventions currently available to prevent the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 or to treat COVID-19. The development of vaccines against COVID-19 is essential to contain the pandemic. we conducted a cross-sectional survey of Shanghai residents to understand residents' willingness to be vaccinated with any future COVID-19 vaccines and take measures to further improve vaccination coverage. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional survey using self-administered anonymous questionnaires from 1 July to 8 September 2020. The main outcome was willingness of participants, and any children or older individuals living with them, to receive future COVID-19 vaccines. Logistic regression analyses were used to explore potential factors associated with vaccination willingness. RESULTS A total of 1071 participants were asked about their willingness to receive future COVID-19 vaccines, for themselves and at least 747 children and 375 older individuals (≥60 years old) living with them. The highest proportion of expected willingness to vaccinate was among participants (88.6%), followed by children (85.3%) and older individuals (84.0%). The main reasons for reluctance to vaccinate among 119 participants were doubts regarding vaccine safety (60.0%) and efficacy (28.8%). Participants with a self-reported history of influenza vaccination were more likely to accept COVID-19 vaccines for themselves [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.83; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.19-2.82], their children (adjusted OR = 2.08; 95%CI: 1.30-3.33), and older individuals in their household (adjusted OR = 2.12; 95%CI: 1.14-3.99). Participants with older individuals in their families were less willing to vaccinate themselves (adjusted OR = 0.59; 95%CI: 0.40-0.87) and their children (adjusted OR = 0.58; 95%CI: 0.38-0.89). CONCLUSIONS Participants were more reluctant to accept COVID-19 vaccines for older individuals living with them. The presence of older individuals in the home also affected willingness of participants and their children to be vaccinated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yehong Zhou
- The Changqiao Community Health Service Centre in Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200231, China
| | - Junjie Zhang
- Xuhui District Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 50 Yong-Chuan road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Wenwen Wu
- The Changqiao Community Health Service Centre in Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200231, China
| | - Man Liang
- The Huajing Community Health Service Centre in Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200231, China
| | - Qiang-Song Wu
- Xuhui District Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 50 Yong-Chuan road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200237, China.
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Buowari D, Ogundipe H. SEVERE ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME CORONAVIRUS-2 (SARS-COV-2) INFECTION: AN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL REVIEW. Ann Ib Postgrad Med 2021; 19:S68-S76. [PMID: 35095373 PMCID: PMC8791400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND New strains of different organisms, three of which has been caused by betacorona viruses (SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and SARSCoV- 2) have caused epidemics and pandemics. The COVID-19, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) started in China in December 2019 has spread globally. Understanding its pattern of spread and how it affects the populace helps to guide formulation of strategies at curbing its spread, managing the disease and allocation of limited resources in tackling the pandemic. METHODOLOGY This is a review article about the epidemiology of the coronavirus disease -2019 (COVID-19). Various search engines were used to accumulate literature on the topic; these include PubMed, Google scholar, Ajol. RESULTS As at October 29, 2020, SARS-CoV2 has spread to all continents except the Antarctica. Though a zoonotic disease, human to human transmission has resulted to this pandemic is via direct and indirect contact of droplets with mucosal surfaces. Most severe cases occur among the elderly, males, and people with co-morbid diseases. The average incubation period is 2-10 days. When compared with SARS-CoV (Ro: 2.3-3.7, mortality rate 11%) and MERS-CoV (Ro: 0.8-1.3, mortality rate: 34.3%), SARS-Cov-2 is a highly infective (Ro: as high as 6.5) with low mortality rates (average range mortality rates 1.83- 6.3%). CONCLUSION COVID-19 is a highly infective novel virus. Older persons and people with medical comorbidities are more susceptible to the severe form of the disease and mortality. As the second wave comes on, a sustainable measure of limiting the spread and consequences of COVID-19 should be more emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- D.Y. Buowari
- Department of Accident and Emergency, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - H.D. Ogundipe
- Department of Accident and Emergency, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
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Trujillo-Mayol I, Guerra-Valle M, Casas-Forero N, Sobral MMC, Viegas O, Alarcón-Enos J, Ferreira IM, Pinho O. Western Dietary Pattern Antioxidant Intakes and Oxidative Stress: Importance During the SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 Pandemic. Adv Nutr 2021; 12:670-681. [PMID: 33439972 PMCID: PMC7929475 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmaa171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of balanced dietary habits, which include appropriate amounts of antioxidants to maintain the immune system, has become increasingly relevant during the current SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 pandemic, because viral infections are characterized by high oxidative stress. Furthermore, the measures taken by governments to control the pandemic have led to increased anxiety, stress, and depression, which affect physical and mental health, all of which are influenced by nutritional status, diet, and lifestyle. The Mediterranean diet (MD), Atlantic diet (AD), and the Dietary Guidelines for Americans all provide the essential vitamins, minerals, and phenolic compounds needed to activate enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant responses. However, viral pandemics such as the current COVID-19 crisis entail high oxidative damage caused by both the infection and the resultant social stresses within populations, which increases the probability and severity of infection. Balanced dietary patterns such as the MD and the AD are characterized by the consumption of fruit, vegetables, legumes, olive oil, and whole grains with low intakes of processed foods and red meat. For a healthy lifestyle in young adults, the MD in particular provides the required amount of antioxidants per day for vitamins D (0.3-3.8 μg), E (17.0 mg), C (137.2-269.8 mg), A (1273.3 μg), B-12 (1.5-2.0 μg), and folate (455.1-561.3 μg), the minerals Se (120.0 μg), Zn (11.0 mg), Fe (15.0-18.8 mg), and Mn (5.2-12.5 mg), and polyphenols (1171.00 mg) needed to maintain an active immune response. However, all of these diets are deficient in the recommended amount of vitamin D (20 μg/d). Therefore, vulnerable populations such as elders and obese individuals could benefit from antioxidant supplementation to improve their antioxidant response. Although evidence remains scarce, there is some indication that a healthy diet, along with supplemental antioxidant intake, is beneficial to COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Trujillo-Mayol
- Departamento de Ingeniería de Alimentos, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán, Chile
| | - María Guerra-Valle
- Departamento de Ingeniería de Alimentos, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán, Chile
| | - Nidia Casas-Forero
- Departamento de Ingeniería de Alimentos, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán, Chile
| | - M Madalena C Sobral
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Bromatologia e Hidrologia, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Olga Viegas
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Bromatologia e Hidrologia, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição Alimentação da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Julio Alarcón-Enos
- Laboratorio de Síntesis y Biotransformación de Productos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencia, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán, Chile
| | - Isabel Mplvo Ferreira
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Bromatologia e Hidrologia, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Olívia Pinho
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Bromatologia e Hidrologia, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição Alimentação da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Xu B, Song K, Yao Y, Dong X, Li L, Wang Q, Yang J, Hu W, Xie Z, Luo Z, Luo X, Liu J, Rao Z, Zhang H, Wu J, Li L, Gong H, Chu Q, Song Q, Wang J. Individualized model for predicting COVID-19 deterioration in patients with cancer: A multicenter retrospective study. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:2522-2532. [PMID: 33728806 PMCID: PMC8177766 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The 2019 novel coronavirus has spread rapidly around the world. Cancer patients seem to be more susceptible to infection and disease deterioration, but the factors affecting the deterioration remain unclear. We aimed to develop an individualized model for prediction of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) deterioration in cancer patients. The clinical data of 276 cancer patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in 33 designated hospitals of Hubei, China from December 21, 2019 to March 18, 2020, were collected and randomly divided into a training and a validation cohort by a ratio of 2:1. Cox stepwise regression analysis was carried out to select prognostic factors. The prediction model was developed in the training cohort. The predictive accuracy of the model was quantified by C-index and time-dependent area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (t-AUC). Internal validation was assessed by the validation cohort. Risk stratification based on the model was carried out. Decision curve analysis (DCA) were used to evaluate the clinical usefulness of the model. We found age, cancer type, computed tomography baseline image features (ground glass opacity and consolidation), laboratory findings (lymphocyte count, serum levels of C-reactive protein, aspartate aminotransferase, direct bilirubin, urea, and d-dimer) were significantly associated with symptomatic deterioration. The C-index of the model was 0.755 in the training cohort and 0.779 in the validation cohort. The t-AUC values were above 0.7 within 8 weeks both in the training and validation cohorts. Patients were divided into two risk groups based on the nomogram: low-risk (total points ≤ 9.98) and high-risk (total points > 9.98) group. The Kaplan-Meier deterioration-free survival of COVID-19 curves presented significant discrimination between the two risk groups in both training and validation cohorts. The model indicated good clinical applicability by DCA curves. This study presents an individualized nomogram model to individually predict the possibility of symptomatic deterioration of COVID-19 in patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Xu
- Cancer CenterRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Ke‐Han Song
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Yi Yao
- Cancer CenterRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Xiao‐Rong Dong
- Department of OncologyUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Lin‐Jun Li
- Department of OncologyHubei Provincial Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western MedicineWuhanChina
| | - Qun Wang
- Department of OncologyThe Fifth Hospital of WuhanWuhanChina
| | - Ji‐Yuan Yang
- Department of OncologyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze UniversityJingzhouChina
| | - Wei‐Dong Hu
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Zhi‐Bin Xie
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care MedicineXiaogan Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and TechnologyXiaoganChina
| | - Zhi‐Guo Luo
- Department of oncologyTaihe HospitalHubei University of MedicineShiyanChina
| | - Xiu‐Li Luo
- Department of OncologyHubei Provincial Hospital of TCMWuhanChina
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of OncologyHuanggang Central HospitalHuanggangChina
| | - Zhi‐Guo Rao
- Department of OncologyGeneral Hospital of Central Theater Command, People’s Liberation ArmyWuhanChina
| | - Hui‐Bo Zhang
- Cancer CenterRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Jie Wu
- Cancer CenterRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Lan Li
- Cancer CenterRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Hong‐Yun Gong
- Cancer CenterRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Qian Chu
- Department of OncologyTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Qi‐Bin Song
- Cancer CenterRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Medical OncologyState Key Laboratory of Molecular OncologyNational Cancer Center/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
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Nursing home staff perceptions of challenges and coping strategies during COVID-19 pandemic in China. Geriatr Nurs 2021; 42:887-893. [PMID: 34091119 PMCID: PMC8098060 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2021.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Background First-line nursing staff are responsible for protecting residents, the most vulnerable population, from COVID-19 infections. They are at a high risk of being infected with COVID-19 and experience high levels of psychological distress. Aims To explore the challenges and coping strategies perceived by nursing staff during the COVID-19 pandemic in China. Methods In April,2020, we conducted a qualitative study using in-depth semi-structured interviews with nursing staff. Participants were selected from seven nursing homes in three cities in Hunan Province, China. Results A total of 21 nursing staff participated in the study, including seven nurse managers, seven registered nurses and seven nursing assistants. Three main themes were identified. Different groups encountered different sources of stress and adopted various coping strategies to fulfil their responsibilities. Conclusions Nursing home staff were underprepared for dealing with COVID-19-related challenges. Educational programs to improve the ability to deal with COVID-19 prevention and control are needed.
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Berger E, Jamshidi N, Reupert A, Jobson L, Miko A. Review: The mental health implications for children and adolescents impacted by infectious outbreaks - a systematic review. Child Adolesc Ment Health 2021; 26:157-166. [PMID: 33733620 DOI: 10.1111/camh.12453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This systematic review synthesized available research on the psychological implications for children and adolescents who either were directly or indirectly exposed to an infectious outbreak. On this basis, the current paper aims to provide recommendations for future research, practice and policy regarding children during pandemics. METHOD A total of 2195 records were retrieved from the PsycINFO, SCOPUS and MEDLINE databases, and three from Google Scholar. RESULTS Including only those papers that focused on children or adolescent's mental health in association with respiratory infectious outbreaks, 11 articles were identified. The majority of research utilized qualitative or retrospective hospital record data. Children and adolescents reported fear and anxiety, as well as disruptions to their day to day routines as a result of outbreaks. However, children were also able to demonstrate resilience during outbreaks with the right support. CONCLUSIONS Children's psychological response to the outbreak appeared to be largely attributed to how their parents, healthcare providers and the media communicated the event. Recommendations for policy, practitioners and researchers concerning the current COVID-19 outbreak concludes the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Berger
- Faculty of Education, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Negar Jamshidi
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, College of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Andrea Reupert
- Faculty of Education, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Laura Jobson
- School of Psychological Sciences and Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Amy Miko
- Faculty of Education, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
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Nurrizka RH, Nurdiantami Y, Makkiyah FA. Psychological outcomes of the COVID-19 pandemic among pregnant women in Indonesia: a cross-sectional study. Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2021; 12:80-87. [PMID: 33979998 PMCID: PMC8102875 DOI: 10.24171/j.phrp.2021.12.2.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The objective of this study was to analyze the psychological outcomes of pregnant women during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in several areas that are epicenters for the spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in Indonesia. Methods This cross-sectional study used data obtained from an online survey administered to 120 women who were pregnant and gave birth during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. The psychological condition of pregnant women was measured using the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 questionnaire which was modified for conditions experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic. We classified pregnant women into 2 groups according to their psychological condition: pregnant women who experienced anxiety and pregnant women who did not experience anxiety or felt normal. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was undertaken for the 2 groups. This study also used univariate analysis and bivariate analysis. Results The results of the ROC analysis resulted in a cutoff score of 3.56. The proportion of respondents who felt anxious was 53.3% and the proportion of respondents who did not feel anxious or felt normal was 46.7%. Anxiety was most common among pregnant women with high education levels, gestational age <19 weeks, and working pregnant women. Conclusion Maternal health services need to be performed with strict health protocols, complemented by pregnancy counseling services. This will provide a feeling of comfort and safety as pregnant women receive health services and give birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahmah Hida Nurrizka
- Department of Public Health, Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah, Jakarta, Indonesia.,Department of Public Health, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Yuri Nurdiantami
- Department of Public Health, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Feda Anisah Makkiyah
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia
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90
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Ren Z, Xin Y, Ge J, Zhao Z, Liu D, Ho RCM, Ho CSH. Psychological Impact of COVID-19 on College Students After School Reopening: A Cross-Sectional Study Based on Machine Learning. Front Psychol 2021; 12:641806. [PMID: 33995195 PMCID: PMC8116564 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.641806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19, the most severe public health problem to occur in the past 10 years, has greatly impacted people's mental health. Colleges in China have reopened, and how to prevent college students from suffering secondary damage due to school reopening remains elusive. This cross-sectional study was aimed to evaluate the psychological impact of COVID-19 after school reopening and explore via machine learning the factors that influence anxiety and depression among students. Among the 478 valid online questionnaires collected between September 14th and September 20th, 74 (15.5%) showed symptoms of anxiety (by the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale), and 155 (32.4%) showed symptoms of depression (by Patient Health Questionnaire-9). Descriptive analysis of basic personal characteristics indicated that students at a higher grade, having relatives or friends who have been infected, fearing being infected, and having a pessimistic attitude to COVID-19 easily experience anxiety or depression. The Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE) was utilized to counteract the imbalance of retrieved data. The Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and multivariate logistic regression were performed to explore significant influence factors. The results indicate that exercise frequency, alcohol use, school reopening, having relatives or friends who have been infected, self-quarantine, quarantine of classmates, taking temperature routinely, wearing masks routinely, sleep quality, retaining holiday, availability of package delivery, take-out availability, lockdown restriction, several areas in school closed due to COVID-19, living conditions in the school, taking the final examinations after school reopening, and the degree to which family economic status is influenced by COVID-19 are the primary influence factors for anxiety or depression. To evaluate the effect of our model, we used 5-fold cross-validation, and the average area under the curve (AUC) values of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of anxiety and depression on the test set reached 0.885 and 0.806, respectively. To conclude, we examined the presence of anxiety and depression symptoms among Chinese college students after school reopening and explored many factors influencing students' mental health, providing reasonable school management suggestions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyuan Ren
- Department of Medical Psychology and Ethics, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yaodong Xin
- School of Statistics and Management, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, Shanghai, China
| | - Junpeng Ge
- School of Biology Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan, China
| | - Zheng Zhao
- Department of Medical Psychology and Ethics, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Dexiang Liu
- Department of Medical Psychology and Ethics, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Roger C. M. Ho
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cyrus S. H. Ho
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Parra-Medina R, Herrera S, Mejia J. Systematic Review of Microthrombi in COVID-19 Autopsies. Acta Haematol 2021; 144:476-483. [PMID: 33873184 PMCID: PMC8089413 DOI: 10.1159/000515104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Histopathological analysis can provide additional clues in COVID-19 understanding. During the last year, autopsy reports have revealed that diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) is the most significant observed finding. The aim of this study is to review cases in the literature about COVID-19 autopsies that reported microthrombi in different organs. METHODS We performed a systematic literature review in PubMed, Virtual Health Library (VHL), and Google Scholar. RESULTS In total, 151 autopsies were included, and 91 cases presented microthrombi in the lung (73%), heart (11.2%), kidney (24%), and liver (16.3%). The age range was between 27 and 96 years. Males were 64.8%. The patients with microthrombi had more comorbidities such as arterial hypertension (62%), obesity or overweight (64%), diabetes mellitus type 2 (51%), and heart disease (53%). The most common histopathological changes found in patients with lung microthrombosis were DAD in exudative phase (78%), pulmonary embolism (59%), and lung infarct (81%). Presence of microthrombi was associated with arterial hypertension (p < 0.0001) and DAD in exudative and proliferative phases (p = 0.02). DISCUSSION The analysis of these results shows that microthrombi in COVID-19 autopsies may be found in different organs and are more frequent in patients with comorbidities, pulmonary embolism, and lung infarct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Parra-Medina
- Research Institute, Pathology Department, Fundación Univeristaria de Ciencias de la Salud, Bogotá, Colombia
- Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Pathology Department, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Jaime Mejia
- Instituto de Patologia Mejia Jimenez, Department of Pathology, Cali, Colombia
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92
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Jiang Z, Zhu D, Li J, Ren L, Pu R, Yang G. Online dental teaching practices during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional online survey from China. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:189. [PMID: 33845828 PMCID: PMC8040365 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01547-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged in China in December 2019. The COVID-19 pandemic hindered dental education, as school buildings were closed. Online dental teaching provided an alternative teaching tool for dental education. However, the efficiency of online dental teaching and student preferences for online dental teaching are unclear. Aim To investigate the satisfaction with online dental teaching practices among undergraduate dental students and standardized resident physician training students during the COVID-19 pandemic in China. Methods A total of 104 undergraduate dental students and 57 standardized resident physician training students from Zhejiang University participated in the study. A 12-item survey was conducted. This investigation included the teaching methods received, frequency of classes, degree of satisfaction, preferred teaching method, whether to participate in a course regarding COVID-19 prevention, and the effects of teaching. The percentages were then calculated and evaluated for each item. Results A total of 161 students (104 undergraduate dental students and 57 standardized resident physician training students) participated in this survey. All students had online dental classes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Lecture-based learning (LBL), case-based learning (CBL), problem-based learning (PBL), team-based learning (TBL), and research-based learning (RBL) were selected as teaching methods. Students were more satisfied with LBL and CBL than PBL, RBL, and TBL. The majority of students had more than four classes per week. The most selected protective measures were hand washing, wearing masks, and wearing gloves. A total of 46.6% of students participated in courses on COVID-19. After training, the students consciously chose to wear face shields and protective clothing. Conclusions Dental students accepted online dental learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. Students preferred LBL and CBL and were satisfied with the classes. Courses on COVID-19 helped students understand how to prevent COVID-19 transmission in the dental clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Jiang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Danji Zhu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jialu Li
- The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lingfei Ren
- The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Rui Pu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guoli Yang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China. .,Department of Implantology, Stomatology Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No.395, Yan'an Road, Xia-Cheng Region, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China.
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Yang K, Liu H, Ma L, Wang S, Tian Y, Zhang F, Li Z, Song Y, Jiang X. Knowledge, attitude and practice of residents in the prevention and control of COVID-19: An online questionnaire survey. J Adv Nurs 2021; 77:1839-1855. [PMID: 33259651 PMCID: PMC7753640 DOI: 10.1111/jan.14718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To explore the status quo and the influencing factors of residents' knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) in the prevention and control of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and the difficulties or challenges perceived by residents in their preventive practice. DESIGN An online questionnaire survey. METHODS The self-designed questionnaire was distributed among residents online in February 2020. Descriptive statistics, two independent samples t-tests, one-way analysis of variance, Pearson's correlation analysis, multivariate linear regression and content analysis were performed. RESULTS A total of 919 valid questionnaires were collected. The scoring rates of residents' KAP were 85.2%, 92.9% and 84.4% respectively. Main factors influencing residents' knowledge included gender and occupation; while those influencing attitude were occupation, family economic level and knowledge; and those influencing practice included place of residence, occupation, with or without chronic disease, knowledge and attitude. Mass media was the primary approach for people to learn the knowledge and information of COVID-19. Difficulties or challenges faced were mainly lack of protective equipments, concerns about the risk of prevention and control, impact on daily life, work and study, lack of knowledge and consensus, psychological problems and information problems. CONCLUSION The attitude of residents towards COVID-19 prevention and control is generally positive. The knowledge and practice have been popularized to a certain extent, but there are still deviations or deficiencies in residents' understanding of certain important knowledge and the adoption of relevant preventive measures. Evidence-based tailored public education initiatives are indicated. IMPACT Findings of this study add important knowledge about residents' understanding, attitude, practice and the influencing factors on COVID-19 prevention and control, which serves as a scientific foundation for optimizing the pandemic public education and decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaihan Yang
- West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University/West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Chengdu University/School of Nursing, Chengdu UniversityChengduChina
| | - Hui Liu
- West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Lihua Ma
- West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University/West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Song Wang
- West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University/West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yali Tian
- West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University/West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Feifei Zhang
- West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University/West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Zhuyue Li
- West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University/West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yuanyuan Song
- West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University/West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xiaolian Jiang
- West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University/West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
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94
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McKenzie MG, Lee YM, Mathew J, Anderson M, Vo AT, Akinyele S, Narayanan M. Tocilizumab for the Critically Ill With Severe COVID-19: A Community Hospital Case Series. J Pharm Pract 2021; 35:587-592. [PMID: 33736526 DOI: 10.1177/08971900211002353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the use of tocilizumab in a community hospital setting for critically ill patients with severe COVID-19. DESIGN A retrospective case series. SETTING Five community hospitals within 1 urban health system. PATIENTS Adult patients whom received tocilizumab between March 27th, 2020 to April 30th, 2020 for severe COVID-19. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Sixteen patients in total were evaluated from the 5 community hospitals. The mean (± SD) age of the patients was 53.9 ± 9.2 years, 56% were men, and the most common comorbidities present on admission were hypertension (31%) and diabetes mellitus (25%). All patients received at least 1 other treatment modality for COVID-19 (steroids, hydroxychloroquine, or convaslescent plasma). Additionally, all patients on admission to intensive care units had severe COVID-19 with 56% requiring mechanical ventilation with a pre-tocilizumab median (IQR) Pao2: Fio2 of 84 (69 - 108.6), 19% requiring vasopressor support, and inflammatory markers (CRP, LDH, ferritin, and IL-6) were elevated. The median (IQR) tocilizumab dose was 400 mg (400-600) which correlated with a weight-based mean (± SD) dose of 5.4 mg/kg ± 1.3. Of the 16 patients that received tocilizumab, 8 (50%) were discharged home, 7 (44%) died, and 1 (6%) was still hospitalized at the end of data collection. Patients who died were more likely to be older 62 ± 2 years, female (57%), had a higher rate of mechanical ventilation (86%) and vasopressors (43%) use at baseline, and had a higher median (IQR) IL-6 level prior to tocilizumab administration 550 pg/mL (IQR 83-1924). There were no reported adverse drug reactions reported after the administration of tocilizumab for any patient. CONCLUSIONS Our findings do not support the effectiveness of tocilizumab in treatment of severe COVID-19 infection in critically ill patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt G McKenzie
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Memorial Hermann The Woodlands Hospital, The Woodlands, TX, USA
| | - Yeunju Michelle Lee
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Memorial Hermann The Woodlands Hospital, The Woodlands, TX, USA
| | - Julin Mathew
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Memorial Hermann Greater Heights Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Megan Anderson
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Memorial Hermann Southeast Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alison T Vo
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Memorial Hermann Memorial City Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Samuel Akinyele
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Memorial Hermann Southwest Hospital, Beechnut, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Malarvizhi Narayanan
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Memorial Hermann Southwest Hospital, Beechnut, Houston, TX, USA
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95
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Yang Y, Cui X, Wei H, Guo C, Zhang Y. Potential Anti-Coronavirus Agents and the Pharmacologic Mechanisms. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2021; 15:1213-1223. [PMID: 33762818 PMCID: PMC7982566 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s293216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus clade 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an emerging pathogen, which is similar to previous SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) occurrences. However, we only get few understandings about the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2, which need to further be studied. The discovery of an agent that has a treatment efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 is very urgent. In this review, we briefly discuss the virology of this pathogen and focus on the available understanding of the pathogenesis and treatments of this pathogen including the uses of nucleoside analogues, protease inhibitors, interferons, and other small-molecule drugs, on the basis previous comprehensions of SARS and MERS. These reviewed concepts may be beneficial in providing new insights and potential treatments for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Beijing You an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Cui
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Beijing You an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaying Wei
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Beijing You an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Caiping Guo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Beijing You an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Yulin Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Beijing You an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
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96
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Alper Öztürk A, Namlı İ, Aygül A. Cefaclor Monohydrate-Loaded Colon-Targeted Nanoparticles for Use in COVID-19 Dependent Coinfections and Intestinal Symptoms: Formulation, Characterization, Release Kinetics, and Antimicrobial Activity. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2021; 19:156-175. [PMID: 33728979 DOI: 10.1089/adt.2020.1014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Corona virus disease-2019 (COVID-19) emerged in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and was declared as a pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020. Although there is no complete treatment protocol for COVID-19, studies on this topic are ongoing, and it is known that broad-spectrum antibiotics such as cephalosporins are used for coinfections and symptoms in COVID-19 patients. Studies have shown that Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria can cause symptoms such as diarrhea and coinfections accompanying COVID-19. Therefore, in this study, colon-targeted cefaclor monohydrate (CEF)-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)-Eudragit S100 nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared using a nanoprecipitation technique. The particle sizes of the CEF-loaded NPs were between 171.4 and 198.8 nm. The encapsulation efficiency was in the range of 58.4%-81.2%. With dissolution studies, it has been concluded that formulations prepared with Eudragit S100 (E-coded) and Eudragit S100+PLGA (EP-coded) are pH-sensitive formulations and they are targetable to the colon, whereas the formulation prepared only with PLGA (P-coded) can release a higher CEF rate in the colon owing to the slow release properties of PLGA. The release kinetics were fitted to the Korsmeyer-Peppas and Weibull models. The antibacterial activity of E-, EP-, and P-coded formulations was 16-fold, 16-fold, and 2-fold higher than CEF, respectively, for S. aureus and E. coli according to the microdilution results. As a result of the time killing experiment, all formulations prepared were found to be more effective than the antibiotic itself for long periods. Consequently, all formulations prepared in this study hope to guide researchers/clinicians in treating both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria-induced infections, as well as COVID-19 associated coinfections and symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Alper Öztürk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - İrem Namlı
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Abdurrahman Aygül
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey
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97
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Feng J, Guo Y, Wang S, Shi F, Wei Y, He Y, Zeng P, Liu J, Wang W, Lin L, Yang Q, Li C, Liu X. Differentiation between
COVID
‐19 and bacterial pneumonia using radiomics of chest computed tomography and clinical features. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMAGING SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGY 2021; 31:47-58. [DOI: 10.1002/ima.22538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Junbang Feng
- Department of Radiology Chongqing Emergency Medical Center Chongqing China
- Department of Radiology The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Chongqing China
| | - Yi Guo
- Department of Radiology Chongqing Emergency Medical Center Chongqing China
| | - Shike Wang
- Department of Radiology The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Chongqing China
| | - Feng Shi
- Department of Research and Development Shanghai United Imaging Intelligence Co., Ltd. Shanghai China
| | - Ying Wei
- Department of Research and Development Shanghai United Imaging Intelligence Co., Ltd. Shanghai China
| | - Yichu He
- Department of Research and Development Shanghai United Imaging Intelligence Co., Ltd. Shanghai China
| | - Ping Zeng
- Department of Radiology Chongqing Emergency Medical Center Chongqing China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Radiology Chongqing Emergency Medical Center Chongqing China
| | - Wenjing Wang
- Department of Radiology Chongqing Emergency Medical Center Chongqing China
| | - Liping Lin
- Department of Radiology The Second People's Hospital of Neijiang Neijiang China
| | - Qingning Yang
- Department of Radiology Chongqing Emergency Medical Center Chongqing China
| | - Chuanming Li
- Department of Radiology The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Chongqing China
| | - Xinghua Liu
- Department of Radiology Chongqing Three Gorges Central Hospital Chongqing China
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98
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Wu T, Zuo Z, Yang D, Luo X, Jiang L, Xia Z, Xiao X, Liu J, Ye M, Deng M. Venous thromboembolic events in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Age Ageing 2021; 50:284-293. [PMID: 33201226 PMCID: PMC7717132 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afaa259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High incidence of venous thromboembolic complications in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients was noted recently. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the factors associated with prevalence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in COVID-19 patients. METHODS A literature search was conducted in several online databases. Fixed effects meta-analysis was performed for the factors associated with prevalence of VTE in COVID-19 patients. RESULTS A total of 39 studies were analysed in this analysis. The incidence of pulmonary embolism and VTE in severe COVID-19 patients were 17% (95% CI, 13-21%) and 42% (95% CI, 25-60%), respectively. VTE were more common among individuals with COVID-19 of advance age. Male COVID-19 patients are more likely to experience VTE. Higher levels of white blood cell (WBC; WMD = 1.34 × 109/L; 95% CI, 0.84-1.84 × 109/L), D-dimer (WMD = 4.21 μg/ml; 95% CI, 3.77-4.66 μg/ml), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT; WMD = 2.03 s; 95% CI, 0.83-3.24 s), fibrinogen (WMD = 0.49 μg/ml; 95% CI, 0.18-0.79 g/L) and C-reactive protein (CRP; WMD = 21.89 mg/L; 95% CI, 11.44-32.34 mg/L) were commonly noted in COVID-19 patients with VTE. Patients with lower level of lymphocyte (WMD = -0.15 × 109/L; 95% CI, -0.23--0.07 × 109/L) was at high risk of developing VTE. The incidence of severe condition (OR = 2.66; 95% CI, 1.95-3.62) was more likely to occur among COVID-19 patients who developed VTE. CONCLUSION VTE is a common complication in severe COVID-19 patients and thromboembolic events are also associated with adverse outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology & Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Zhihong Zuo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology & Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Deyi Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology & Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Xuan Luo
- Hunan Yuanpin Cell Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Changsha, Hunan 410129, China
| | - Liping Jiang
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Zanxian Xia
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics & Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Xiaojuan Xiao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology & Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology & Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Mao Ye
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Engineering for Theranostics, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Meichun Deng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology & Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics & Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
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99
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Yüksel MF, Yıldırım M, Bektaş Ö, Şahin S, Teber S. A sydenham chorea attack associated with COVID-19 infection. Brain Behav Immun Health 2021; 13:100222. [PMID: 33615279 PMCID: PMC7885627 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2021.100222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 appeared in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and quickly spread around the world and is considered a global pandemic. This disease, which is pre-infected with respiratory and cardiovascular system symptoms, can also occur in many organ systems. Since the beginning of the pandemic, cases related to neurological involvement have been reported in the literature and studies coercing neurological findings and complications have been published. COVID-19 can cause wide spectrum of neurological phenotypes from severe to milder. To the best of our knowledge, our case is the first report describing the chorea in a patient associated with COVİD-19. In this article, we aim to present a patient who was admitted with chorea on the 3rd day of the COVID-19 followed by Sydenham chorea, which had already improved. This report expands the phenotypic spectrum of COVID-19 and suggests that COVID-19 can be associated with or trigger chorea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Feyza Yüksel
- Ankara University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Turkey
| | - Miraç Yıldırım
- Ankara University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Turkey
| | - Ömer Bektaş
- Ankara University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Turkey
| | - Süleymen Şahin
- Ankara University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Turkey
| | - Serap Teber
- Ankara University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Turkey
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100
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Kurushina OV, Barulin AE. [Effects of COVID-19 on the central nervous system]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2021; 121:92-97. [PMID: 33580768 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202112101192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This review examines the current data on central nervous system damage in cases of the new coronavirus infection caused by the COVID-19 virus. The pathogenetic mechanisms leading to damage to the brain and spinal cord are considered. The analysis of available research articles and meta-analyzes published up to fall 2020 is carried out. The authors provide the results of their own clinical observations of various forms of damage to the central nervous system in cases of COVID-19 virus disease. Particular attention is paid to certain common forms of damage to the central nervous system, such as encephalitis, cerebrovascular pathology, and headaches. A form of acute hemorrhagic necrotizing encephalopathy is distinguished, which is a rather rare but fatal pathology, comorbid with the COVID-19 virus. The data of our own clinical case of acute necrotizing encephalopathy are presented. The importance of further studying the effect of coronavirus on the central nervous system and possible mechanisms of therapy and rehabilitation for this category of patients is emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- O V Kurushina
- Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia
| | - A E Barulin
- Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia
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