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Riddell C, Yonelinas AP, Shields GS. When stress enhances memory encoding: The beneficial effects of changing context. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2023; 205:107836. [PMID: 37820758 PMCID: PMC10909400 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2023.107836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
The effects of acute stress on memory encoding are complex, and we do not yet know all of the conditions that can determine whether stress at encoding improves or impairs memory. Recent work has found that changing contexts between encoding and stress can abolish the effects of post-encoding stress on memory, suggesting that context may play an important role in the effects of stress on memory. However, the role of context in the effects of stress on memory encoding is not yet known. We addressed this gap by examining the effects of context on the influence of acute stress on memory encoding. In a 2 × 2 experimental design, participants (N = 103) completed either a stressor (i.e., Socially Evaluated Cold Presser Test) or control task (i.e., warm water control) before completing a memory encoding task, which occurred in either in the same room as or a different room from the stressor or control task. Memory retrieval was tested for each participant within the context that they completed the encoding task. We found that, relative to nonstressed (i.e., control) participants, stressed participants who switched contexts prior to encoding showed better memory for both negative and neutral images. In contrast, when the stressor or control task occurred in the same room as memory encoding, stress had no beneficial effect on memory. These results highlight the importance of the ongoing context as a determinant of the effects of stress on memory encoding and present a challenge to current theoretical accounts of stress and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron Riddell
- Department of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Andrew P Yonelinas
- Department of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Grant S Shields
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA.
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52
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Yi W, Chen Y, Yan L, Kohn N, Wu J. Acute stress selectively blunts reward anticipation but not consumption: An ERP study. Neurobiol Stress 2023; 27:100583. [PMID: 38025282 PMCID: PMC10660484 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2023.100583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress-induced dysfunction of reward processing is documented to be a critical factor associated with mental illness. Although many studies have attempted to clarify the relationship between stress and reward, few studies have investigated the effect of acute stress on the temporal dynamics of reward processing. The present study applied event-related potentials (ERP) to examine how acute stress differently influences reward anticipation and consumption. In this study, seventy-eight undergraduates completed a two-door reward task following a Trier Social Stress Task (TSST) or a placebo task. The TSST group showed higher cortisol levels, perceived stress, anxiety, and negative affect than the control group. For the control group, a higher magnitude of reward elicited a reduced cue-N2 but increased stimulus-preceding negativity (SPN), suggesting that controls were sensitive to reward magnitude. In contrast, these effects were absent in the stress group, suggesting that acute stress reduces sensitivity to reward magnitude during the anticipatory phase. However, the reward positivity (RewP) and P3 of both groups showed similar patterns, which suggests that acute stress has no impact on reward responsiveness during the consummatory phase. These findings suggest that acute stress selectively blunts sensitivity to reward magnitude during the anticipatory rather than the consummatory phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yi
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yantao Chen
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Linlin Yan
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Nils Kohn
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jianhui Wu
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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Schiller B, Brustkern J, von Dawans B, Habermann M, Pacurar M, Heinrichs M. Social high performers under stress behave more prosocially and detect happy emotions better in a male sample. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2023; 156:106338. [PMID: 37499422 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Psychosocial stress is increasing in society, impacting our lives in all social domains. However, the conditions under which stress facilitates ("tend-and-befriend") or hinders ("fight-or-flight") social approach remain elusive. We tested whether previous heterogeneous findings might be resolved by accounting for individual differences in social performance under stress. For that purpose, we introduce the novel Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) social performance index that was aggregated across ratings from two independent observers. Moreover, we apply an innovative setup enabling electroencephalographic (EEG) data to be measured inside an electrically-shielded cabin during stress, namely the TSST-EEG. Relying on a sample of 59 healthy male participants, we collected behavioral (i.e., sharing resources with others) and cognitive (i.e., detecting facial emotional expressions) approach patterns while participants experienced either acute psychosocial stress (n = 31) or no stress (control condition; n = 28) and while EEG was being recorded. During stress exposure, high-performing participants behaved more prosocially, and differentiated better between happy and neutral emotions on both behavioral and neurophysiological levels (revealed by intensity differences in a N170-like response). Overall, our findings demonstrate the added value of both the novel TSST social performance index and the novel TSST-EEG setup. By showing that high social performance during the TSST is associated with behavioral, cognitive, and neurophysiological approach patterns, our study offers valuable insights into adaptive or maladaptive psychobiological mechanisms in coping with psychosocial stress. Future stress research should address the role of social performance differences during stress in social interaction to better understand the behavioral consequences of psychosocial stress in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastian Schiller
- Laboratory for Biological Psychology, Clinical Psychology, and Psychotherapy, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 8, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; Freiburg Brain Imaging Center, University Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Johanna Brustkern
- Laboratory for Biological Psychology, Clinical Psychology, and Psychotherapy, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 8, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bernadette von Dawans
- Laboratory for Biological Psychology, Clinical Psychology, and Psychotherapy, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 8, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; Biological and Clinical Psychology, University of Trier, Johanniterufer 15, 54290 Trier, Germany
| | - Marie Habermann
- Laboratory for Biological Psychology, Clinical Psychology, and Psychotherapy, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 8, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marti Pacurar
- Laboratory for Biological Psychology, Clinical Psychology, and Psychotherapy, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 8, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; Asklepios Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Röntgenstr. 22, 63225 Langen, Germany
| | - Markus Heinrichs
- Laboratory for Biological Psychology, Clinical Psychology, and Psychotherapy, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 8, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; Freiburg Brain Imaging Center, University Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
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54
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Wang Y, Gao H, Qi M. Left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activation can accelerate stress recovery: A repetitive transcranial stimulation study. Psychophysiology 2023; 60:e14352. [PMID: 37221649 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a single high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (HF-rTMS) session was applied over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) after a moderate-to-intense stressor to investigate whether left DLPFC stimulation could regulate cortisol concentration after stress induction. Participants were randomly divided into three groups (stress-TMS, stress, and placebo-stress). Stress was induced in both the stress-TMS and stress groups using the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST). The placebo-stress group received a placebo TSST. In the stress-TMS group, a single HF-rTMS session was applied over the left DLPFC after TSST. Cortisol was measured across the different groups, and each group's responses to the stress-related questionnaire were recorded. After TSST, both the stress-TMS and stress groups reported increased self-reported stress, state anxiety, negative affect, and cortisol concentration compared with the placebo-stress group, indicating that TSST successfully induced a stress response. Compared with the stress group, the stress-TMS group exhibited reduced cortisol levels at 0, 15, 30, and 45 min after HF-rTMS. These results suggest that left DLPFC stimulation after stress induction might accelerate the stress recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Wang
- School of Psychology, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Heming Gao
- School of Psychology, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Mingming Qi
- School of Psychology, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
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Tsormpatzoudi SO, Moraitou D, Papaliagkas V, Pezirkianidis C, Tsolaki M. Resilience in Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI): Examining the Level and the Associations of Resilience with Subjective Wellbeing and Negative Affect in Early and Late-Stage MCI. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:792. [PMID: 37887442 PMCID: PMC10603887 DOI: 10.3390/bs13100792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study examines the relationship between the cognitive state of participants [healthy-early mild cognitive impairment (MCI)-late MCI], some subjective wellbeing factors (positive emotions, engagement, positive relationships, meaning in life, accomplishment, and negative emotions), and negative psychological outcomes (depression, anxiety, stress), as well as psychological resilience. We expected that people with advanced MCI would perceive increased negative psychological outcomes, poorer psychological resilience, and lower levels of subjective wellbeing in contrast to early MCI and healthy participants. The study involved 30 healthy, 31 early, and 28 late MCI individuals. A series of questionnaires have been applied to assess the aforementioned constructs. To examine the hypotheses of the study, path analysis (EQS program) was applied. Results showed that early MCI persons maintain the same levels of positive emotions and feelings of accomplishment with healthy peers. Late-stage patients present those feelings in a diminished form, which adversely impacts psychological resilience. Individuals with early and late MCI exhibit negative emotions and stress that impact their resilience; however, those with early MCI experience greater stress, negative emotions, depression, and anxiety. These findings may be utilized to design psychological interventions for resilience enhancement and support brain health in elderly adults who are at risk of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Styliani Olympia Tsormpatzoudi
- Neurosciences and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Postgraduate Course, Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Despina Moraitou
- Laboratory of Psychology, Department of Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, School of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, Aristotle University, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center, Aristotle University, 10th km Thessaloniki-Thermi, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vasileios Papaliagkas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Christos Pezirkianidis
- Laboratory of Positive Psychology, Panteion University of Social & Political Sciences, Syggrou Ave. 136, 17671 Athens, Greece;
| | - Magda Tsolaki
- Neurosciences and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Postgraduate Course, Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center, Aristotle University, 10th km Thessaloniki-Thermi, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Greek Association of Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Disorders (GAADRD), 54643 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Int-Veen I, Fallgatter AJ, Ehlis AC, Rosenbaum D. Prefrontal hypoactivation induced via social stress is more strongly associated with state rumination than depressive symptomatology. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15147. [PMID: 37704652 PMCID: PMC10499935 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41403-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have consistently shown a pattern of prefrontal hypoactivation in depressed patients (DP); however, it remains unclear whether this neural correlate is a consequence or concomitant feature of depression and/or whether ruminative thinking might be underlying. Using a sample comprising 65 healthy controls (HC) and 77 DP, we investigated the behavioral and neural correlates in response to stress and their association with depressive symptomatology, trait and state rumination. Fitting repeated-measurement MANOVAs including 21 fNIRS-channels covering the bilateral Inferior Frontal Gyrus (IFG), Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (DLPFC) and Somatosensory Association Cortex (SAC), we investigated the predictive value of diagnostic group (HC vs. DP) and state rumination. In DP, we observed significantly lower increases in cortical oxygenation under stress in channels of the right IFG and bilateral DLPFC. Participants reporting lower state rumination and no increases in state rumination under stress showed higher increases in cortical oxygenation compared to the other groups and in more channels compared to the analysis on diagnostic group. Re-running our fNIRS-analysis while correcting for performance resulted in time-dependent changes dependent on group (DP vs. HC) no longer yielding significance, however for the differentiation of state rumination groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabell Int-Veen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Tübingen Center for Mental Health (TüCMH), University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Andreas J Fallgatter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Tübingen Center for Mental Health (TüCMH), University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ann-Christine Ehlis
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Tübingen Center for Mental Health (TüCMH), University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Tübingen, Germany
| | - David Rosenbaum
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Tübingen Center for Mental Health (TüCMH), University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Hanke M, Looser VN, Bruggisser F, Leuenberger R, Gerber M, Ludyga S. Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and reactivity to acute psychosocial stress in preadolescent children. J Sci Med Sport 2023; 26:487-492. [PMID: 37550097 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2023.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES High reactivity to psychosocial stress during childhood increases the risk of future psychological and physiological disorders. The main objective of this study was to investigate associations between children's moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and physiological and psychological reactions to acute psychosocial stress. DESIGN Randomized cross-over study comparing two groups. METHODS After a 7-day accelerometer-based measurement of MVPA, 110 children aged 10-13 years (48 female) were categorized into a low (<30 min/d) or a high MVPA group (>60 min/d). On separate laboratory appointments, participants completed the Trier Social Stress Test for Children (TSST-C) and a non-stressful control task in randomized order. Stress reactivity was assessed from saliva cortisol, heart rate variability and self-reported anxiety. RESULTS In repeated measures analyses of variance, main effects of condition indicated higher stress reactivity in the TSST-C compared to control for cortisol and anxiety, with more pronounced effects in girls compared to boys. Differences in heart rate variability disappeared after controlling for confounding variables. No interactions with MVPA were found. A main effect of MVPA indicated generally lower cortisol reactivity in the high compared to the low MVPA group. CONCLUSIONS The TSST-C is suitable for induction of psychosocial stress in the laboratory, but sex-specific differences have to be considered. Children who met the WHO recommendations for MVPA exhibited generally lower endocrine reactivity to both laboratory tasks combined, underlining the potential role of regular physical activity in the regulation of the stress response in early developmental stages. Further studies are necessary to ascertain causal associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Hanke
- University of Basel, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Sport Science Section, Switzerland.
| | - Vera Nina Looser
- University of Basel, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Sport Science Section, Switzerland
| | - Fabienne Bruggisser
- University of Basel, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Sport Science Section, Switzerland
| | - Rahel Leuenberger
- University of Basel, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Sport Science Section, Switzerland
| | - Markus Gerber
- University of Basel, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Sport Science Section, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Ludyga
- University of Basel, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Sport Science Section, Switzerland
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58
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Mak HW, Gordon AM, Prather AA, Epel ES, Mendes WB. Acute and Chronic Stress Associations With Blood Pressure: An Ecological Momentary Assessment Study on an App-Based Platform. Psychosom Med 2023; 85:585-595. [PMID: 37363963 PMCID: PMC10527536 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000001224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined the within- and between-person associations of acute and chronic stress with blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) using an app-based research platform. METHODS We examined data from 31,964 adults (aged 18-90 years) in an app-based ecological momentary assessment study that used a research-validated optic sensor to measure BP. RESULTS Within-person associations revealed that moments with (versus without) acute stress exposure were associated with higher systolic (SBP; b = 1.54) and diastolic BP (DBP; b = 0.79) and HR ( b = 1.53; p values < .001). During moments with acute stress exposure, higher acute stress severity than usual was associated with higher SBP ( b = 0.26), DBP ( b = 0.09), and HR ( b = 0.40; p values < .05). During moments without acute stress, higher background stress severity than usual was associated with higher BP and HR (SBP: b = 0.87, DBP: b = 0.51, HR: b = 0.69; p values < .001). Between-person associations showed that individuals with more frequent reports of acute stress exposure or higher chronic stress severity had higher SBP, DBP, and HR ( p values < .05). Between-person chronic stress severity moderated within-person physiological responses to stress such that individuals with higher chronic stress severity had higher average BP and HR levels but showed smaller responses to momentary stress. CONCLUSIONS Technological advancements with optic sensors allow for large-scale physiological data collection, which provides a better understanding of how stressors of different timescales and severity contribute to momentary BP and HR in daily life.
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Rüttgens T, Wolf OT. Enhanced memory for central visual and auditory elements experienced during a stressful episode. Behav Brain Res 2023; 452:114546. [PMID: 37330015 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Acute psychosocial stress has been shown to benefit memory for central visual elements of a stressful episode. Here, we aimed at investigating whether this effect is accompanied by improved visual memory for the committee members in a modified version of the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST). Specifically, we tested participants´ recognition memory for accessories located on the bodies of the committee members, as well as their faces. Moreover, we investigated how stress influences memories for the content of the verbal interactions. That is, we studied how well participants remembered factual information associated with the main stress source, like name, age, and position of the committee members, as well as how accurately they could recite the exact wording of phrases used by them. In a counterbalanced 2 × 2 design, 77 men and women took part either in a stressful or non-stressful version of the TSST. While stressed participants better remembered personal information about the committee members than non-stressed participants, no differences in memory for the correct wording of phrases could be observed. Furthermore, in line with our hypothesis, stressed participants better remembered central, but not peripheral visual stimuli, compared to non-stressed participants, while, contrary to our expectations, stress did neither affect memory for objects located on the bodies of the committee members nor their faces. Our results are in line with the theory of enhanced memory binding under stress and extend previous results regarding improved memory for central visual elements encoded under stress to auditory learning material associated with the stressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Rüttgens
- Department of Cognitive Psychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany
| | - Oliver T Wolf
- Department of Cognitive Psychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany.
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Gao S, Zhang L, Wang X, Li R, Han L, Xiong X, Jiang Q, Cheng D, Xiao X, Li H, Yang J. A terrified-sound stress causes cognitive impairment in female mice by impairing neuronal plasticity. Brain Res 2023; 1812:148419. [PMID: 37217110 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Stress is an important environmental factor affecting mental health that cannot be ignored. Moreover, due to the great physiological differences between males and females, the effects of stress may vary by sex. Previous studies have shown that terrified-sound stress, meaning exposed mice to the recorded vocalizations in response to the electric shock by their kind to induce psychological stress, can cause cognitive impairment in male. In the study, we investigated the effects of the terrified-sound stress on adult female mice. METHODS 32 adults female C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into control (n = 16) and stress group (n = 16). Sucrose preference test (SPT)was carried out to evaluate the depressive-like behavior. Using Open field test (OFT) to evaluate locomotor and exploratory alterations in mice. Spatial learning and memory ability were measured in Morris Water maze test (MWM), Golgi staining and western blotting showed dendritic remodeling after stress. In addition, serum hormone quantifications were performed by ELISA. RESULTS we found the sucrose preference of stress group was significantly decreased (p < 0.05) compared with control group; the escape latency of the stress group was significantly prolonged (p < 0.05), the total swimming distance and the number of target crossings(p < 0.05) were significantly increased (p < 0.05) in MWM; Endocrine hormone, Testosterone (T) (p < 0.05), GnRH (p < 0.05), FSH and LH levels was decreased; Golgi staining and western blotting showed a significant decrease in dendritic arborization, spine density and synaptic plasticity related proteins PSD95 and BDNF in the stress group. CONCLUSION Terrified-sound stress induced depressive-like behaviors, locomotor and exploratory alterations. And impaired cognitive by altering dendritic remodeling and the expression of synaptic plasticity-related proteins. However, females are resilient to terrified-sound stress from a hormonal point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanfeng Gao
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head Neck, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China; Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, PR China
| | - Lingyu Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, PR China
| | - Xia Wang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, PR China
| | - Rufeng Li
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, PR China
| | - Lin Han
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, PR China
| | - Xiaofan Xiong
- Department of Tumor and Immunology in Precision Medicine Institute, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Port, Xi'an 710004, PR China
| | - Qingchen Jiang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, PR China
| | - Daxin Cheng
- Department of Neonatology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an 710068, PR China
| | - Xuan Xiao
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, PR China
| | - Huajing Li
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head Neck, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China.
| | - Juan Yang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an 710061, PR China.
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MacLeod KJ, English S, Ruuskanen SK, Taborsky B. Stress in the social context: a behavioural and eco-evolutionary perspective. J Exp Biol 2023; 226:jeb245829. [PMID: 37529973 PMCID: PMC10445731 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.245829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
The social environment is one of the primary sources of challenging stimuli that can induce a stress response in animals. It comprises both short-term and stable interactions among conspecifics (including unrelated individuals, mates, potential mates and kin). Social stress is of unique interest in the field of stress research because (1) the social domain is arguably the most complex and fluctuating component of an animal's environment; (2) stress is socially transmissible; and (3) stress can be buffered by social partners. Thus, social interactions can be both the cause and cure of stress. Here, we review the history of social stress research, and discuss social stressors and their effects on organisms across early life and adulthood. We also consider cross-generational effects. We discuss the physiological mechanisms underpinning social stressors and stress responses, as well as the potential adaptive value of responses to social stressors. Finally, we identify outstanding challenges in social stress research, and propose a framework for addressing these in future work.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sinead English
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - Suvi K. Ruuskanen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Survontie 9 C, FI-40014, Finland
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, FI-20014, Finland
| | - Barbara Taborsky
- Division of Behavioural Biology, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
- Institute for Advanced Study, 14193 Berlin, Germany
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Stout ME, Keirns BH, Hawkins MAW. Hypocortisolemic reactivity to acute social stress among lonely young women. Soc Neurosci 2023; 18:171-182. [PMID: 37381132 DOI: 10.1080/17470919.2023.2229082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
We examined biopsychosocial stress of acute social pain in relation to chronic loneliness. Hypotheses: 1) Cyberball exclusion (vs. inclusion) would be associated with lower cortisol reactivity to a speech task, and 2) loneliness would moderate the relationship between social exclusion and cortisol reactivity to a speech task, such that higher loneliness would be linked to lower cortisol. Participants (n = 31, women, aged 18-25, 51.6% non-Hispanic white) were randomized to be excluded or included in a game of Cyberball, then completed a speech task. Salivary cortisol was measured at baseline, pre-speech, post-speech, and 15 minutes post-speech. Cortisol reactivity was calculated using area under the curve-increase (AUCi). ANOVA revealed a non-significant, meaningful effect of Cyberball exclusion on cortisol AUCi (p=.103, ηp2=.10), accounting for contraceptive use. Moderation analysis revealed among women with high loneliness, women in the exclusion condition had significantly lower cortisol reactivity than women in the inclusion condition (p=.001). For women with low and medium loneliness, there were no significant differences by Cyberball condition. In sum, lonely young women who are excluded may have hypocortisolemic responses to social stress. Results are consistent with literature suggesting that chronic stress is linked to lower cortisol responses, which is linked to negative physical health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison E Stout
- Department of Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Bryant H Keirns
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Misty A W Hawkins
- Department of Health & Wellness Design, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
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Feng YZ, Chen JT, Hu ZY, Liu GX, Zhou YS, Zhang P, Su AX, Yang S, Zhang YM, Wei RM, Chen GH. Effects of Sleep Reactivity on Sleep Macro-Structure, Orderliness, and Cortisol After Stress: A Preliminary Study in Healthy Young Adults. Nat Sci Sleep 2023; 15:533-546. [PMID: 37434994 PMCID: PMC10332417 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s415464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate changes and links of stress and high sleep reactivity (H-SR) on the macro-structure and orderliness of sleep and cortisol levels in good sleepers (GS). Patients and Methods Sixty-two GS (18-40 years old) were recruited, with 32 in the stress group and 30 in the control group. Each group was further divided into H-SR and low SR subgroups based on the Ford Insomnia Response to Stress Test. All participants completed two nights of polysomnography in a sleep laboratory. Before conducting polysomnography on the second night, the stress group completed the Trier Social Stress Test and saliva was collected. Results The duration of NREM sleep stages 1, 2 (N1, N2) and rapid eye movement sleep (REM) decreased, and the values of approximate entropy, sample entropy, fuzzy entropy, and multiscale entropy increased under stress and SR effects. Stress increased rapid eye movement density, and H-SR increased cortisol reactivity. Conclusion Stress can damage the sleep and increase cortisol release in GS, especially those with H-SR. N1, N2 and REM sleep are more easily affected, while NREM sleep stage 3 sleep is relatively stable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Zhou Feng
- Department of Neurology (Sleep Disorders), Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 238000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun-Tao Chen
- Department of Neurology (Sleep Disorders), Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 238000, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Neurology, Shangyu People’s Hospital of Shaoxing, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, 312000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Yu Hu
- Department of Neurology (Sleep Disorders), Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 238000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gao-Xia Liu
- Department of Neurology (Sleep Disorders), Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 238000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-Shun Zhou
- Department of Neurology (Sleep Disorders), Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 238000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Neurology (Sleep Disorders), Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 238000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ai-Xi Su
- Department of Neurology (Sleep Disorders), Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 238000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuai Yang
- Department of Neurology (Sleep Disorders), Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 238000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue-Ming Zhang
- Department of Neurology (Sleep Disorders), Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 238000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ru-Meng Wei
- Department of Neurology (Sleep Disorders), Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 238000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gui-Hai Chen
- Department of Neurology (Sleep Disorders), Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 238000, People’s Republic of China
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Dudarev V, Barral O, Zhang C, Davis G, Enns JT. On the Reliability of Wearable Technology: A Tutorial on Measuring Heart Rate and Heart Rate Variability in the Wild. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:5863. [PMID: 37447713 DOI: 10.3390/s23135863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Wearable sensors are quickly making their way into psychophysiological research, as they allow collecting data outside of a laboratory and for an extended period of time. The present tutorial considers fidelity of physiological measurement with wearable sensors, focusing on reliability. We elaborate on why ensuring reliability for wearables is important and offer statistical tools for assessing wearable reliability for between participants and within-participant designs. The framework offered here is illustrated using several brands of commercially available heart rate sensors. Measurement reliability varied across sensors and, more importantly, across the situations tested, and was highest during sleep. Our hope is that by systematically quantifying measurement reliability, researchers will be able to make informed choices about specific wearable devices and measurement procedures that meet their research goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Dudarev
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- HealthQb Technologies Inc., Vancouver, BC V6K 1B5, Canada
| | - Oswald Barral
- HealthQb Technologies Inc., Vancouver, BC V6K 1B5, Canada
| | - Chuxuan Zhang
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Mathematics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Guy Davis
- HealthQb Technologies Inc., Vancouver, BC V6K 1B5, Canada
| | - James T Enns
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
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65
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Córdova A, Caballero-García A, Drobnic F, Roche E, Noriega DC. Influence of Stress and Emotions in the Learning Process: The Example of COVID-19 on University Students: A Narrative Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:1787. [PMID: 37372905 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11121787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Emotional instability and stress are the main disturbances that condition the learning process, affecting both teachers and students. The main objective of this review is to analyze the influence of stress and emotions (as part of stress) on the learning environment. Stress is a physiological mechanism that the organism develops to adapt and survive external and internal challenges. In this context, stress tends to be seen as a negative condition in the learning process when it is chronic. Extreme stress situations, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, can generate anxiety and frustration in students. However, other studies indicate that controlled stress can positively enhance the learning process. On the other hand, the quality and intensity of emotions resulting from stress can influence as well the learning process. Positive emotions are healthy and can promote optimal learning. Emotions lead to sentimental, cognitive, behavioral, and physiological changes, which will have a strong influence on intellectual performance. The activation of coping strategies constitutes a key mechanism for dealing positively with problems and challenges, generating positive emotions essential for the self-regulation of learning. In conclusion, correct management of emotions in stressful situations could promote effective learning through enhanced attention and capacity to solve problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Córdova
- Department de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, GIR: "Ejercicio Físico y Envejecimiento", Universidad de Valladolid, Campus Universitario "Los Pajaritos", 42004 Soria, Spain
| | - Alberto Caballero-García
- Department de Anatomía y Radiología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, GIR: "Ejercicio Físico y Envejecimiento", Universidad de Valladolid, Campus Universitario "Los Pajaritos", 42004 Soria, Spain
| | - Franchek Drobnic
- Medical Services Wolverhampton Wanderers FC, Wolverhampton WV3 9BF, UK
| | - Enrique Roche
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Applied Biology-Nutrition, Institute of Bioengineering, University Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche, Spain
- Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain
| | - David C Noriega
- Department Cirugía, Oftalmología, Otorrinolaringología y Fisioterapia, Facultad de Medicina, 47003 Valladolid, Spain
- Departamento de Columna Vertebral, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, Spain
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66
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Gründahl M, Weiß M, Stenzel K, Deckert J, Hein G. The effects of everyday-life social interactions on anxiety-related autonomic responses differ between men and women. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9498. [PMID: 37308494 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36118-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Social buffering, a phenomenon where social presence can reduce anxiety and fear-related autonomic responses, has been studied in numerous laboratory settings. The results suggest that the familiarity of the interaction partner influences social buffering while also providing some evidence for gender effects. In the laboratory, however, it is difficult to mimic the complexity of real-life social interactions. Consequently, the social modulation of anxiety and related autonomic responses in everyday life remains poorly understood. We used smartphone-based Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) combined with wearable electrocardiogram sensors to investigate how everyday-life social interactions affect state anxiety and related cardiac changes in women and men. On five consecutive days, 96 healthy young participants (53% women) answered up to six EMA surveys per day, indicating characteristics of their most recent social interaction and the respective interaction partner(s). In women, our results showed lower heart rate in the presence of a male interaction partner. Men showed the same effect with female interaction partners. Moreover, only women showed decreased heart rate and increased heart rate variability with increasing interaction partner familiarity. These findings specify the conditions under which social interactions reduce anxiety-related responses in women and men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marthe Gründahl
- Translational Social Neuroscience Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health, University of Würzburg, Margarete-Höppel-Platz 1, 97080, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Martin Weiß
- Translational Social Neuroscience Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health, University of Würzburg, Margarete-Höppel-Platz 1, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kilian Stenzel
- Translational Social Neuroscience Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health, University of Würzburg, Margarete-Höppel-Platz 1, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Deckert
- Translational Social Neuroscience Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health, University of Würzburg, Margarete-Höppel-Platz 1, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Grit Hein
- Translational Social Neuroscience Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health, University of Würzburg, Margarete-Höppel-Platz 1, 97080, Würzburg, Germany.
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Euteneuer F, Neuert M, Salzmann S, Fischer S, Ehlert U, Rief W. Does psychological treatment of major depression reduce cardiac risk biomarkers? An exploratory randomized controlled trial. Psychol Med 2023; 53:3735-3749. [PMID: 35232509 PMCID: PMC10277774 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291722000447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Biological cardiac risk factors are already elevated in depressed patients without existing CVD. The purpose of this exploratory trial was to examine whether treating Major Depression (MD) with cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is associated with improvements in cardiac risk biomarkers and whether depressive symptom severity at baseline moderates treatment effects. METHODS Eighty antidepressant-free patients with MD were randomly assigned to CBT or waiting list (WL). Biological outcomes included long-term recordings (24-h, daytime, nighttime) of heart rate, heart rate variability (HRV), and blood pressure, as well as inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. A sample of 40 age- and sex-matched non-clinical controls was also involved to verify biological alterations in MD at study entry. RESULTS Compared to WL, CBT was associated with a significant increase in overall HRV, as indexed by the 24-h and daytime HRV triangular index, as well as trend improvements in 24-h low-frequency HRV and daytime systolic blood pressure. Self-rated depressive symptom severity moderated (or tended to moderate) improvements in CBT for 24-h and daytime heart rate and several indices of HRV (especially daytime measures). Inflammatory treatment effects were not observed. CONCLUSIONS CBT increased overall HRV in patients with MD. Initially more depressed patients showed the most pronounced cardiovascular improvements through CBT. These exploratory findings may provide new insights into the biological effects of psychological treatment against depression and must be confirmed through future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Euteneuer
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, Medical School Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Marie Neuert
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Salzmann
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Fischer
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ulrike Ehlert
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Winfried Rief
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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Bonar AS, MacCormack JK, Feldman MJ, Lindquist KA. Examining the Role of Emotion Differentiation on Emotion and Cardiovascular Physiological Activity During Acute Stress. AFFECTIVE SCIENCE 2023; 4:317-331. [PMID: 37304565 PMCID: PMC10247597 DOI: 10.1007/s42761-023-00189-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Emotion differentiation (ED) - the tendency to experience one's emotions with specificity - is a well-established predictor of adaptive responses to daily life stress. Yet, there is little research testing the role of ED in self-reported and physiological responses to an acute stressor. In the current study, we investigate the effects of negative emotion differentiation (NED) and positive emotion differentiation (PED) on participants' self-reported emotions and cardiac-mediated sympathetic nervous system reactivity (i.e., pre-ejection period) in response to a stressful task. Healthy young adults enrolled in a two-session study. At an initial session, participants completed a modified experience sampling procedure (i.e., the Day Reconstruction Method). At session 2, 195 completed the Trier Social Stress Test while cardiac impedance was acquired throughout. Linear regressions demonstrated that higher NED, but not PED, was associated with experiencing less intense self-reported negative, high arousal emotions (e.g., irritated, panicky) during the stressor (β = - .15, p < .05) although people with higher NED also exhibited greater sympathetic reactivity (β = .16, p < .05). In exploratory analyses, we tested whether the effect of NED on self-reported stress was mediated by the tendency to make internally focus (or self-focused) attributions about performance on the task but did not find a significant indirect effect (p = .085). These results both complement prior work and provide a more complex picture of the role of NED in adaptive responses to stressful life events, suggesting that people with higher NED may experience their emotions as more manageable regardless of their level of physiological arousal. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42761-023-00189-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne S. Bonar
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 235 E. Cameron Avenue, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3720 USA
| | | | - Mallory J. Feldman
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 235 E. Cameron Avenue, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3720 USA
| | - Kristen A. Lindquist
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 235 E. Cameron Avenue, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3720 USA
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Helminen EC, Scheer JR. Cardiovascular, self-report, and behavioral stress reactivity to the group-based Trier Social Stress Test with pandemic-related protocol adaptations. Int J Psychophysiol 2023; 188:17-23. [PMID: 36935021 PMCID: PMC10022457 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2023.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Research using stress induction protocols such as the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) and the TSST for groups (TSST-G) during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has been challenging. While institutional review boards have provided guidance on returning to face-to-face research using COVID-19 adaptations (e.g., masking, social distancing), whether these adaptations influence the effectiveness of social-evaluative stress induction remains unknown. We conducted a secondary data analysis from a randomized controlled trial to establish whether using COVID-19 adaptations (i.e., masking, social distancing, and using a single large conference room for the duration of the experiment) to the TSST-G protocol was able to reliably induce stress across cardiovascular, self-report, and behavioral indices of stress. Young adults (N = 53) underwent the TSST-G with COVID-19 adaptations. We measured systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate (HR), self-reported, and behavioral responses to the TSST-G, and all variables indicated successful stress induction. Increases in SBP (18 mmHg) and DBP (14 mmHg) were similar in magnitude as those in standard in-person TSST protocols. Increases in HR (9 beats per minute) were smaller in magnitude than standard in-person TSST protocols, but slightly larger than increases documented in remote TSST protocols. The cardiovascular, self-report, and behavioral indices of stress reactivity provide confidence in the effectiveness of TSST-G with COVID-19 adaptations to reliably induce stress. In-person TSST protocols with COVID-19 adaptations represent an alternate option to remote TSST protocols for stress induction researchers to use during times when masking or social distancing are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily C Helminen
- Department of Psychology, Syracuse University, United States of America; College of Health Science and Technology, Rochester Institute of Technology, United States of America.
| | - Jillian R Scheer
- Department of Psychology, Syracuse University, United States of America.
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70
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James KA, Stromin JI, Steenkamp N, Combrinck MI. Understanding the relationships between physiological and psychosocial stress, cortisol and cognition. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1085950. [PMID: 36950689 PMCID: PMC10025564 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1085950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress is viewed as a state of real or perceived threat to homeostasis, the management of which involves the endocrine, nervous, and immune systems. These systems work independently and interactively as part of the stress response. The scientific stress literature, which spans both animal and human studies, contains heterogeneous findings about the effects of stress on the brain and the body. This review seeks to summarise and integrate literature on the relationships between these systems, examining particularly the roles of physiological and psychosocial stress, the stress hormone cortisol, as controlled by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, and the effects of stress on cognitive functioning. Health conditions related to impaired HPA axis functioning and their associated neuropsychiatric symptoms will also be considered. Lastly, this review will provide suggestions of clinical applicability for endocrinologists who are uniquely placed to measure outcomes related to endocrine, nervous and immune system functioning and identify areas of intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine Ann James
- Applied Cognitive Science and Experimental Neuropsychology Team (ACSENT) Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Juliet Ilena Stromin
- Applied Cognitive Science and Experimental Neuropsychology Team (ACSENT) Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nina Steenkamp
- Applied Cognitive Science and Experimental Neuropsychology Team (ACSENT) Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Marc Irwin Combrinck
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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71
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Kuhlman KR, Cole SW, Irwin MR, Craske MG, Fuligni AJ, Bower JE. The role of early life adversity and inflammation in stress-induced change in reward and risk processes among adolescents. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 109:78-88. [PMID: 36621653 PMCID: PMC10112053 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early life adversity (ELA) has long been associated with increased risk for stress-related psychopathology, particularly depression. The neuroimmune network hypothesis posits that ELA increases sensitivity to psychosocial stress, moderating the association between increases in peripheral markers of inflammation and decreases in reward outcomes linked to anhedonia and risk-taking behaviors. The present study examined this hypothesis in a sample of adolescents by using acute psychosocial stress to probe the role of inflammatory signaling in behavioral measures of reward and risk processing. METHOD 80 adolescents [13.86 years (SD = 1.54); 45 % female], oversampled for ELA, underwent the Trier Social Stress Test for Children while providing blood samples immediately before and 60-minutes after stress onset. Blood samples were assayed for plasma IL-6. One hour before stress onset, and then 60 min after, participants completed computer-administered behavioral tasks measuring reward (Pirate Task) and risk (Balloon Analog Risk Task). RESULTS ELA moderated the association between increases in IL-6 and decreases in risk tolerance in pursuit of rewards (p = 0.003) and reward response bias (p = 0.04). Stress-induced increases in IL-6 were associated with decreases in pumps for rewards among adolescents exposed to high, relative to little or no, ELA. Further, greater IL-6 increases were associated with increases in bias toward high relative to low value rewards among adolescents with low adversity exposure but not among those exposed to higher adversity. CONCLUSIONS The present study provides the first evidence in a pediatric sample that ELA may alter the role of stress-induced inflammation in reward and risk processing, and may extend our understanding of why stress leads to depression in this high-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate R Kuhlman
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Steve W Cole
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael R Irwin
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michelle G Craske
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andrew J Fuligni
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Julienne E Bower
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Iqbal T, Elahi A, Wijns W, Shahzad A. Cortisol detection methods for stress monitoring in connected health. HEALTH SCIENCES REVIEW 2023; 6:100079. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hsr.2023.100079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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73
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Langer K, Jentsch VL, Wolf OT. Rapid effects of acute stress on cognitive emotion regulation. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2023; 151:106054. [PMID: 36801656 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Acute stress has been shown to either enhance or impair emotion regulation (ER) performances. Besides sex, strategy use and stimulus intensity, another moderating factor appears to be timing of the ER task relative to stress exposure. Whereas somewhat delayed increases in the stress hormone cortisol have been shown to improve ER performances, rapid sympathetic nervous system (SNS) actions might oppose such effects via cognitive regulatory impairments. Here, we thus investigated rapid effects of acute stress on two ER strategies: reappraisal and distraction. N = 80 healthy participants (40 men & 40 women) were exposed to the Socially Evaluated Cold-Pressor Test or a control condition immediately prior to an ER paradigm which required them to deliberately downregulate emotional responses towards high intensity negative pictures. Subjective ratings and pupil dilation served as ER outcomes measures. Increases in salivary cortisol and cardiovascular activity (index of SNS activation) verified successful induction of acute stress. Unexpectedly, stress reduced subjective emotional arousal when distracting from negative pictures in men indicating regulatory improvements. However, this beneficial effect was particularly pronounced in the second half of the ER paradigm and fully mediated by already rising cortisol levels. In contrast, cardiovascular responses to stress were linked to decreased subjective regulatory performances of reappraisal and distraction in women. However, no detrimental effects of stress on ER occurred at the group level. Yet, our findings provide initial evidence for rapid, opposing effects of the two stress systems on the cognitive control of negative emotions that are critically moderated by sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Langer
- Department of Cognitive Psychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany.
| | - Valerie L Jentsch
- Department of Cognitive Psychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany
| | - Oliver T Wolf
- Department of Cognitive Psychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany
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Marques-Feixa L, Palma-Gudiel H, Romero S, Moya-Higueras J, Rapado-Castro M, Castro-Quintas Á, Zorrilla I, José Muñoz M, Ramírez M, Mayoral M, Mas A, José Lobato M, Blasco-Fontecilla H, Fañanás L. Childhood maltreatment disrupts HPA-axis activity under basal and stress conditions in a dose-response relationship in children and adolescents. Psychol Med 2023; 53:1060-1073. [PMID: 34269169 PMCID: PMC9976019 DOI: 10.1017/s003329172100249x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigates the impact of childhood maltreatment (CM) on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis functioning and on anxiety perception. Moreover, the influence of CM severity and frequency was also explored. METHODS In total, 187 participants aged 7-17 were assessed for CM history using validated questionnaires and ad hoc interviews to be classified according to the criteria of the Tool for Assessing the Severity of Situations in which Children are Vulnerable (TASSCV). Psychopathology was ascertained using the K-SADS-PL5. To assess HPA-axis functioning, salivary cortisol samples were collected throughout a normal day and during an acute psychosocial stressor, the Trier Social Stress Test for children (TSST-C). Subjective anxiety was evaluated using STAI/-C. RESULTS Youth with a CM history had higher overall diurnal cortisol levels (p = 0.001), blunted cortisol response to acute psychosocial stress (p = 0.002) and greater perceived anxiety (p = 0.003), than those without CM. Specifically, participants exposed to moderate/severe or often/frequent CM showed the greater diurnal cortisol output (pseverity = 0.002; pfrequency = 0.003), and blunted cortisol response during the TSST-C (pseverity = 0.006; pfrequency = 0.008). Meanwhile, youth with low CM severity/frequency exhibited a similar cortisol response to those without CM. However, perceived anxiety was higher in those exposed to CM (p < 0.001), regardless of its severity/frequency. CONCLUSIONS Disturbances in HPA-axis functioning are already evident early after CM exposure, while psychological and physiological responses to an acute stressor are dissociated in youth exposed to CM. The dose-response relationship described in this paper highlights the need to comprehensively evaluate CM so that vulnerable children can be identified and assigned to proper interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laia Marques-Feixa
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Biomedicine Institute of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain
- Network Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBER of Mental Health, CIBERSAM), Spain
| | - Helena Palma-Gudiel
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Biomedicine Institute of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain
- Network Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBER of Mental Health, CIBERSAM), Spain
| | - Soledad Romero
- Network Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBER of Mental Health, CIBERSAM), Spain
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 2017SGR88, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jorge Moya-Higueras
- Network Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBER of Mental Health, CIBERSAM), Spain
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education, Psychology and Social Work, University of Lleida, Spain
| | - Marta Rapado-Castro
- Network Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBER of Mental Health, CIBERSAM), Spain
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, IiSGM, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, The University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Victoria, Australia
| | - Águeda Castro-Quintas
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Biomedicine Institute of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain
- Network Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBER of Mental Health, CIBERSAM), Spain
| | - Iñaki Zorrilla
- Network Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBER of Mental Health, CIBERSAM), Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Santiago Apostol, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - María José Muñoz
- Hospital Benito Menni, Adolescent Crisis Unit, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Maite Ramírez
- Galdakao Mental Health Services, Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Galdakao, Spain
| | - María Mayoral
- Network Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBER of Mental Health, CIBERSAM), Spain
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, IiSGM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ariadna Mas
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 2017SGR88, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María José Lobato
- Department of Psychiatry, Puerta de Hierro University Hospital-Majadahonda, Autonoma University, ITA Mental Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Hilario Blasco-Fontecilla
- Network Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBER of Mental Health, CIBERSAM), Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Puerta de Hierro University Hospital-Majadahonda, Autonoma University, ITA Mental Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lourdes Fañanás
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Biomedicine Institute of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain
- Network Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBER of Mental Health, CIBERSAM), Spain
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De Wandel L, De Smet S, Pulopulos MM, Lemmens GMD, Hidalgo V, Salvador A, Vanderhasselt MA, Pruessner J, Baeken C. The effects of left dorsolateral prefrontal transcranial direct current stimulation on episodic future thinking following acute psychosocial stress. Memory 2023; 31:380-392. [PMID: 36724995 DOI: 10.1080/09658211.2022.2162083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Research on stress-related disorders and brain imaging suggests that (acute) stress might impact the capacity to mentally simulate specific episodic future events (EFT) through the effects of cortisol on brain regions supporting this cognitive function, such as the prefrontal cortices. This study aims to examine the mechanisms underlying this link, using transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. METHODS 60 healthy participants were subjected to the Montreal Imaging Stress Task (MIST), followed by either active or sham tDCS. After stimulation, the EFT task was administered. Salivary cortisol was measured throughout the protocol. RESULTS Higher cortisol AUCi values were linked to less specific episodic future thoughts. Moreover, active tDCS enhanced EFT specificity irrespective of cortisol, especially in high trait ruminators. We did not observe an effect from active tDCS on cortisol AUCi, and equally there was no interaction effect between cortisol AUCi and stimulation condition predictive for EFT specificity. CONCLUSION Although we did not find evidence for the effects of tDCS on the HPA-system, our data reveal a crucial link between two critical predictors of mental health for the first time, and provide a solution to help rehabilitate EFT deficits.Trial registration: Netherlands National Trial Register identifier: ntr004..
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Affiliation(s)
- Linde De Wandel
- Department of Head and Skin - Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) Lab, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stefanie De Smet
- Department of Head and Skin - Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) Lab, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Matias M Pulopulos
- Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) Lab, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Psychology and Sociology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Gilbert M D Lemmens
- Department of Head and Skin - Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Psychiatry, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Vanesa Hidalgo
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Department of Psychobiology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alicia Salvador
- Department of Psychobiology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marie-Anne Vanderhasselt
- Department of Head and Skin - Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) Lab, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jens Pruessner
- Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Chris Baeken
- Department of Head and Skin - Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) Lab, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital UZ Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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76
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Moses TE, Gray E, Mischel N, Greenwald MK. Effects of neuromodulation on cognitive and emotional responses to psychosocial stressors in healthy humans. Neurobiol Stress 2023; 22:100515. [PMID: 36691646 PMCID: PMC9860364 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2023.100515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Physiological and psychological stressors can exert wide-ranging effects on the human brain and behavior. Research has improved understanding of how the sympatho-adreno-medullary (SAM) and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axes respond to stressors and the differential responses that occur depending on stressor type. Although the physiological function of SAM and HPA responses is to promote survival and safety, exaggerated psychobiological reactivity can occur in psychiatric disorders. Exaggerated reactivity may occur more for certain types of stressors, specifically, psychosocial stressors. Understanding stressor effects and how the body regulates these responses can provide insight into ways that psychobiological reactivity can be modulated. Non-invasive neuromodulation is one way that responding to stressors may be altered; research into these interventions may provide further insights into the brain circuits that modulate stress reactivity. This review focuses on the effects of acute psychosocial stressors and how neuromodulation might be effective in altering stress reactivity. Although considerable research into stress interventions focuses on treating pathology, it is imperative to first understand these mechanisms in non-clinical populations; therefore, this review will emphasize populations with no known pathology and consider how these results may translate to those with psychiatric pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mark K. Greenwald
- Corresponding author. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Tolan Park Medical Building, 3901 Chrysler Service Drive, Suite 2A, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
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77
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García Pagès E, Arza A, Lazaro J, Puig C, Castro T, Ottaviano M, Arredondo MT, Bernal ML, López-Antón R, Cámara CDL, Gil E, Laguna P, Bailón R, Aguiló J, Garzón-Rey JM. Psychosomatic response to acute emotional stress in healthy students. Front Physiol 2023; 13:960118. [PMID: 36699693 PMCID: PMC9870289 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.960118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The multidimensionality of the stress response has shown the complexity of this phenomenon and therefore the impossibility of finding a unique biomarker among the physiological variables related to stress. An experimental study was designed and performed to guarantee the correct synchronous and concurrent measure of psychometric tests, biochemical variables and physiological features related to acute emotional stress. The population studied corresponds to a group of 120 university students between 20 and 30 years of age, with healthy habits and without a diagnosis of chronic or psychiatric illnesses. Following the protocol of the experimental pilot, each participant reached a relaxing state and a stress state in two sessions of measurement for equivalent periods. Both states are correctly achieved evidenced by the psychometric test results and the biochemical variables. A Stress Reference Scale is proposed based on these two sets of variables. Then, aiming for a non-invasive and continuous approach, the Acute Stress Model correlated to the previous scale is also proposed, supported only by physiological signals. Preliminary results support the feasibility of measuring/quantifying the stress level. Although the results are limited to the population and stimulus type, the procedure and methodological analysis used for the assessment of acute stress in young people can be extrapolated to other populations and types of stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther García Pagès
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, UAB, Barcelona, Spain,*Correspondence: Esther García Pagès,
| | - Adriana Arza
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Carlos Puig
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, UAB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Thais Castro
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, UAB, Barcelona, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER-BBN, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Ottaviano
- Life Supporting Technologies, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, UPM, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Eduardo Gil
- Universidad de Zaragoza, UZ, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pablo Laguna
- Universidad de Zaragoza, UZ, Zaragoza, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER-BBN, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Bailón
- Universidad de Zaragoza, UZ, Zaragoza, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER-BBN, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Aguiló
- Universidad de Zaragoza, UZ, Zaragoza, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER-BBN, Madrid, Spain
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78
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Jordan KD, Smith TW. Adaptation to social-evaluative threat: Effects of repeated acceptance and status stressors on cardiovascular reactivity. Int J Psychophysiol 2023; 183:61-70. [PMID: 36403804 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2022.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Social-evaluative threat plays a key role in research on stress, health and related psychophysiological mechanisms such as cardiovascular reactivity (CVR). Social-evaluative threats can activate two broad social motives: striving for status, achievement and influence, and/or striving for acceptance, inclusion, and connection. Prior research emphasizes threats related to status (e.g., task performance) or combined threats to status and acceptance, obscuring their independent effects. Further, because prior research has mostly utilized single stressors, it is not clear if effects of social-evaluative threats involving status and acceptance on CVR persist or adapt quickly over repeated exposures. To address these issues, 139 undergraduates (93 females) were randomly assigned to undergo two repetitions of a stressful role-played interaction with a pre-recorded antagonistic partner under one of four conditions in a factorial design: low evaluative threat, high status threat only, high acceptance threat only, or a combined threat. In a single laboratory session, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP) and heart rate (HR) were recorded during baseline and two stressor exposures. Task-induced CVR demonstrated significant adaptation across exposures. Both forms of social evaluative threat produced additional CVR, and these differences between high and low social-evaluative threat were generally maintained across exposures. Hence, threats to social status and acceptance have independent and sustained effects on CVR across multiple stressor exposures, even in the context of overall adaptation of cardiovascular responses.
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79
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Litleskare S, Calogiuri G. Seasonal Variations in the Effectiveness of Immersive Virtual Nature. HERD-HEALTH ENVIRONMENTS RESEARCH & DESIGN JOURNAL 2023; 16:219-232. [PMID: 36154715 PMCID: PMC9755693 DOI: 10.1177/19375867221127420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to assess whether the outcomes of immersive virtual nature (IVN) varies between seasons. BACKGROUND IVN has received increased interest in recent years due to its potential applications within health and design. However, factors influencing people's responses to IVN are largely unknown. Seasons affect a variety of human processes and behaviors including levels of affect and blood pressure, also in the context of human-nature interactions. These seasonal variations might influence how people interact and respond to IVN, especially since IVN allow for representations of nature that are not representative of the current real-life season. METHODS A secondary analysis of data retrieved from two previous studies, which included three IVN conditions, was conducted. All IVNs represented late spring conditions. Measures included perceived environmental restorativeness, affect, enjoyment, heart rate, and blood pressure. A meta-analytic approach was used to assess whether there were consistent differences between participants who were exposed to the IVN in spring/summer (early June to mid-September) and autumn/winter (mid-September to December) across the three different conditions. RESULTS There was a consistent effect of season only for one component of affect (fatigue), with larger reductions in fatigue when exposed to IVN during autumn/winter compared to spring/summer. No other significant effects of season were observed. CONCLUSION IVNs are feasible to use across all seasons but might be more effective in reducing the feeling of fatigue during autumn and winter compared to other seasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigbjørn Litleskare
- Department of Public Health and Sport Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Elverum, Norway,Sigbjørn Litleskare, MSc, Høgskolen i Innlandet, Postboks 400, 2418 Elverum, Norway.
| | - Giovanna Calogiuri
- Department of Public Health and Sport Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Elverum, Norway,Centre for Health and Technology, Department of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of South-Eastern Norway, Drammen, Norway
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80
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Pilz N, Patzak A, Bothe TL. The pre-ejection period is a highly stress dependent parameter of paramount importance for pulse-wave-velocity based applications. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1138356. [PMID: 36873391 PMCID: PMC9975268 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1138356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The pulse-wave-velocity, is used for indirect, cuff-less, continuous blood pressure estimation. It is commonly detected by measuring the time delay between a defined point in an ECG and the arrival of the peripheral pulse wave (e.g., oxygen saturation sensor). The period between electrical stimulation of the heart (ECG) and actual blood ejection from the heart is called the pre-ejection period (PEP). This study aims at characterizing the PEP under mental and physical stress with focus on its relations to other cardiovascular parameters such as heart rate and importance for blood pressure (BP) estimation. Methods We measured the PEP in 71 young adults at rest, under mental (TSST) and physical stress (ergometer) via impedance-cardiography. Results The PEP is highly dependent on mental and physical load. It is strongly correlated with indicators of sympathetic strain (p < 0.001). At rest (mean 104.5 ms), the PEP shows a high interindividual variability but small intraindividual variability. Mental stress decreases the PEP by 16% (mean 90.0 ms) while physical stress halves PEP (mean 53.9 ms). The PEP does correlate differently with heart rate under differing circumstances (rest: R 2 0.06, mental stress: R 2 0.29, physical stress: R 2 0.65). Subsequently, using PEP and heart rate enables the discrimination of rest, mental and physical strain with a positive predictive value of 93%. Conclusion The PEP is a cardiovascular parameter with large interindividual variability at rest and subject-depended dynamic under load which is of great importance for ECG-based pulse-wave-velocity (PWV) determination. Considering its variability and large impact on the pulse arrival time, PEP is a crucial factor in PWV based BP estimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Pilz
- Institute of Translational Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Patzak
- Institute of Translational Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tomas L Bothe
- Institute of Translational Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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81
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Jun J, Kasumova A, Tussing T, Mackos A, Justice S, McDaniel J. Probiotic supplements and stress-related occupational health outcomes: A scoping review. J Occup Health 2023; 65:e12404. [PMID: 37218068 PMCID: PMC10203357 DOI: 10.1002/1348-9585.12404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prolonged and constant stress from work often leads to numerous adverse health effects. In recent years, interest in probiotics, living microorganisms that can benefit their host when consumed in adequate amounts, to aid health and well-being has increased. This scoping review is to systematically evaluate the current state of science on the effects of probiotic supplements on health, stress, and stress-related symptoms among working adults in occupational settings. METHODS We performed a systematic scoping review following the Arksey and O'Malley Framework. Studies that examined the effects of probiotics on workers' health and stress-related indicators/outcomes in occupational settings were included. A comprehensive search was performed from November 2021 to January 2022 using MEDLINE/PubMed, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, PsychInfo, Scopus, and Embase. RESULTS A total of 14 papers met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Probiotics consisted primarily of Lactobacillus and/or Bifidobacterium strains in various forms and doses. Three out of eight studies reported statistical differences in inflammatory markers or stress hormone levels between probiotic and placebo groups. Three of six reported reduced respiratory tract infection incidents in the probiotic groups and three out of four studies reported no differences in anxiety and depression between groups. Lastly, three studies found that absenteeism and presentism were lower in probiotic groups compared with placebo groups. CONCLUSION The potential benefits of probiotics exist; however, the measurements of outcomes, the types of probiotics used, and the characteristics of the intervention varied across studies. Further research is needed focusing on probiotics' direct and indirect mechanisms of action on the stress response and the standardization of strains and dosing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Jun
- The Ohio State University College of NursingColumbusOhioUSA
| | | | - Todd Tussing
- The Ohio State University College of NursingColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Amy Mackos
- The Ohio State University College of NursingColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Sheryl Justice
- The Ohio State University College of NursingColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Jodi McDaniel
- The Ohio State University College of NursingColumbusOhioUSA
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The effect of acute stress on spatial selectivity in dual-stream emotion induced blindness: The role of cortisol and spontaneous frontal EEG theta/beta ratio. Int J Psychophysiol 2023; 183:71-80. [PMID: 36442666 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2022.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The current study explored the effect of acute stress on dual-stream emotion induced blindness (EIB). We focused on spatially localised target processing induced by stress, as well as the role of cortisol and the frontal EEG theta/beta ratio (TBR). Eight-minutes spontaneous EEG data were recorded first. After performing a Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) or a corresponding control task a week apart, the participants completed a dual-stream EIB task. Changes in cortisol levels over time were likewise recorded. We found that stress promoted the target processing in the same stream location as the distractor, eliminating the spatial-localisation effect. Cortisol and frontal TBR positively and negatively, respectively, predicted a reduced spatially localised target detection induced by stress following negative distractors. Overall, acute stress apparently reduced the dual-stream EIB due to the effective allocation of limited resources. Further, the role of cortisol associated with better target detection was more specific to the negative distractor condition and partially disassociated from the general stress response. Cortisol levels and frontal TBR independently predicted the spatially localised processing, suggesting differentiated influence paths of trait and state factors on target detection following emotional distractors.
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83
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Beuchel P, Cramer C. Heart Rate Variability and Perceived Stress in Teacher Training: Facing the Reality Shock With Mindfulness? GLOBAL ADVANCES IN INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE AND HEALTH 2023; 12:27536130231176538. [PMID: 37216037 PMCID: PMC10196549 DOI: 10.1177/27536130231176538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Background The beginning of the career of teachers is a demanding phase. In the combined roles of teacher and trainee, and in the shift from academic to practical learning, trainee teachers have to acquire competencies in teaching as well as coping with stress. In this phase, the phenomenon of "reality shock" is widely observed. Objective A mindfulness training was developed to support teacher trainees during their first year. This intervention study investigated perceived and physiological stress at teachers' career start and the stress reducing effects of the mindfulness training in this phase. Methods In a quasi-experimental design, 19 out of 42 participants from this sample underwent mindfulness-based stress reduction training and a wait-list control group (N = 23) underwent a compact course after post measurements. We measured physiological stress parameters and perceived stress at 3 different time points. Heart rate signals were acquired in ambulatory assessment sequences, including teaching, rest periods, and cognitive tasks. The data were analyzed in linear mixed-effects models. Results We found high physiological stress in the very beginning of teacher training, which attenuated over time. The mindfulness intervention only led to a greater reduction in heart rate (d = .53 to .74) in situations where the intervention group had shown higher heart rate levels initially, but not in heart rate variability. However, the mindfulness group significantly reduced (d = .63) their perceived stress and maintained (d = .55) this improvement, while the control group maintained a highly elevated perceived stress level throughout. Conclusion The mindfulness training could reduce subjective stress, which otherwise seems to be a long-lasting aspect of beginning teachers' "reality shock". Indications of a superior reduction of physiological stress in demanding situations were weak, while generally, undue physiological stress seems to be a temporary phenomenon in the initial phase of teacher induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Beuchel
- Department of Clinical Psychology
and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of School Education, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Colin Cramer
- Department of School Education, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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84
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Bhatt S, Dhar AK, Samanta MK, Suttee A. Effects of Current Psychotropic Drugs on Inflammation and Immune System. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1411:407-434. [PMID: 36949320 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-7376-5_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
The immune system and inflammation are involved in the pathological progression of various psychiatric disorders such as depression or major depressive disorder (MDD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) or anxiety, schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Huntington's disease. It is observed that levels of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and other markers are highly increased in the abovementioned disorders. The inflammation and immune component also lead to enhance the oxidative stress. The oxidative stress and increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are considered as important factors that are involved in pathological progression of psychiatric disorders. Increase production of ROS is associated with excessive inflammation followed by cell necrosis and death. The psychotropic drugs are mainly work through modulations of neurotransmitter system. However, it is evident that inflammation and immune modulation are also having important role in the progression of psychiatric disorders. Rationale of the use of current psychotropic drugs is modulation of immune system by them. However, the effects of psychotropic drugs on the immune system and how these might contribute to their efficacy remain largely unclear. The drugs may act through modification of inflammation and related markers. The main purpose of this book chapter is to address the role of current psychotropic drugs on inflammation and immune system. Moreover, it will also address the role of inflammation in the progression of psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shvetank Bhatt
- School of Pharmacy, Dr. Vishwanath Karad MIT World Peace University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Madhya Pradesh, Gwalior, India
| | | | | | - Ashish Suttee
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
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85
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Man ISC, Shao R, Hou WK, Xin Li S, Liu FY, Lee M, Wing YK, Yau SY, Lee TMC. Multi-systemic evaluation of biological and emotional responses to the Trier Social Stress Test: A meta-analysis and systematic review. Front Neuroendocrinol 2023; 68:101050. [PMID: 36410619 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2022.101050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Humans experience multiple biological and emotional changes under acute stress. Adopting a multi-systemic approach, we summarized 61 studies on healthy people's endocrinological, physiological, immunological and emotional responses to the Trier Social Stress Test. We found salivary cortisol and negative mood states were the most sensitive markers to acute stress and recovery. Biomarkers such as heart rate and salivary alpha-amylase also showed sensitivity to acute stress, but the numbers of studies were small. Other endocrinological (e.g., dehydroepiandrosterone), inflammatory (C-Reactive Protein, Interleukin-6) and physiological (e.g., skin conductance level) measures received modest support as acute stress markers. Salivary cortisol showed some associations with mood measures (e.g., state anxiety) during acute stress and recovery, and heart rate showed preliminary positive relationship with calmness ratings during response to TSST, but the overall evidence was mixed. While further research is needed, these findings provide updated and comprehensive knowledge on the integrated psychobiological response profiles to TSST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idy S C Man
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Laboratory of Neuropsychology and Human Neuroscience, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Robin Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Laboratory of Neuropsychology and Human Neuroscience, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Affective Disorders, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - W K Hou
- Department of Psychology, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Centre for Psychosocial Health, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shirley Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Sleep Research Clinic and Laboratory, Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Fiona Yan Liu
- Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Maggy Lee
- Department of Sociology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yun Kwok Wing
- Li Chiu Kong Family Sleep Assessment Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Suk-Yu Yau
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; Mental Health Research Center, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Tatia M C Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Laboratory of Neuropsychology and Human Neuroscience, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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86
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Grunewald K, Deng J, Wertz J, Schweizer S. The effect of online social evaluation on mood and cognition in young people. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20999. [PMID: 36470961 PMCID: PMC9723113 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24932-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescence is characterised by increased peer interactions and heightened sensitivity to evaluation by peers. Increasingly, social interactions and evaluation happen in online contexts. Yet, little is known about the impact of online social interactions and evaluation on adolescent emotional and cognitive functioning. The present study examined the impact of online social evaluative threat on young people's mood and learning and whether this varied as a function of known offline social risk and protective factors. 255 participants completed a perceptual learning task under online social evaluative threat and a perceptually-matched control condition. Participants were aged 11-30 years, to allow for the exploration of age differences in the impact of online social evaluative threat from adolescence to early adulthood. Participants reported a greater increase in negative mood (self-reported levels of stress, anxiety, and anhedonia), following social evaluative threat compared to the control condition. Heightened social rejection sensitivity (measured using the Online and Offline Social Sensitivity Scale) and lower perceived social support (measured using the Schuster Social Support Scale) were associated with elevated negative mood across the study. Social evaluative threat adversely impacted overall accuracy on the perceptual matching task, but not learning. These findings provide preliminary evidence that online social evaluative threat impacts adolescent mood and cognitive functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Grunewald
- grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jessica Deng
- grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jasmin Wertz
- grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Susanne Schweizer
- grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia ,grid.5335.00000000121885934University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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87
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Løseth GE, Eikemo M, Trøstheim M, Meier IM, Bjørnstad H, Asratian A, Pazmandi C, Tangen VW, Heilig M, Leknes S. Stress recovery with social support: A dyadic stress and support task. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2022; 146:105949. [PMID: 36240542 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
How does social support bolster resilience? Here, we present a new dyadic paradigm to study causal mechanisms of acute and ecologically valid social support in the laboratory. The Dyadic Stress and Support Task (DSST) consists of a psychosocial stress phase and a recovery phase. During DSST stress, a pair of participants take turns to perform public speaking and mental arithmetic in front of a panel. Unable to see or touch each other, they witness each other's performance and feedback. During DSST recovery, the pair either interact freely with each other for 5 min (social support condition) or interact separately with an experimenter (non-support condition). To establish the validity of the DSST, we tested 21 pairs of long-term close friends in a pilot study. Primary outcome measures were ratings of affective state and bodily arousal (VAS scales 0-100). Secondary outcome measures were heart rate and salivary cortisol. DSST stress successfully induced subjective Stress Activation, increased Negative Affect and decreased Positive Affect. We also observed increased heart rate and salivary cortisol. After DSST recovery, Stress Activation and Negative Affect ratings were reduced in both groups. Positive Affect was completely restored to pre-stress baseline levels in the Social support group, while remaining significantly lower in the Non-support group. The DSST successfully induced stress and negative affect and captured stress recovery in both groups. Free-form interaction with the friend enhanced recovery of affective state, supporting the validity of spontaneous interaction between friends as a model of social support.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marie Eikemo
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Martin Trøstheim
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Diagnostic Physics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Isabell M Meier
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Diagnostic Physics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Herman Bjørnstad
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anna Asratian
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Centre for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | | | | | - Markus Heilig
- Centre for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Siri Leknes
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Diagnostic Physics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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88
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Darling AM, Young BE, Skow RJ. Anticipatory stress: a model to study cardiovascular and sympathetic responses to mental stress? J Physiol 2022; 600:4977-4978. [PMID: 36284461 DOI: 10.1113/jp283776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley M Darling
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Benjamin E Young
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Rachel J Skow
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
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89
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Costi S, Evers A, Jha MK, Klein M, Overbey JR, Goosens KA, Burgess J, Alvarez K, Feder A, Charney DS, Murrough JW. A randomized pilot study of the prophylactic effect of ketamine on laboratory-induced stress in healthy adults. Neurobiol Stress 2022; 22:100505. [PMID: 36620306 PMCID: PMC9813787 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2022.100505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Stress exposure is a key risk factor for the development of major depressive disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder. Enhancing stress resilience in at-risk populations could potentially protect against stress-induced disorders. The administration of ketamine one week prior to an acute stressor prevents the development of stress-induced depressive-like behavior in rodents. This study aimed to test if the prophylactic effect of ketamine against stress also applies to humans. Methods We conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled study wherein 24 healthy subjects (n = 11 males) were randomized to receive either ketamine (0.5 mg/kg) or midazolam (0.045 mg/kg) intravenously one week prior to an acute stress [Trier Social Stress Test (TSST)]. The primary endpoint was the anxious-composed subscale of the Profile of Mood States Bipolar Scale (POMS-Bi) administered immediately after the TSST. Salivary and plasma cortisol and salivary alpha amylase were also measured at 15-min intervals for 60 min following the stressor, as proxies of hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) and sympathetic-adrenal-medullary (SAM) axis activity, respectively. Results Compared to the midazolam group (n = 12), the ketamine group (n = 12) showed a moderate to large (Cohen's d = 0.7) reduction in levels of anxiety immediately following stress, although this was not significant (p = 0.06). There was no effect of group on change in salivary cortisol or salivary alpha amylase following stress. We conducted a secondary analysis excluding one participant who did not show an expected correlation between plasma and salivary cortisol (n = 23, ketamine n = 11). In this subgroup, we observed a significant reduction in the level of salivary alpha amylase in the ketamine group compared to midazolam (Cohen's d = 0.7, p = 0.03). No formal adjustment for multiple testing was made as this is a pilot study and all secondary analyses are considered hypothesis-generating. Conclusions Ketamine was associated with a numeric reduction in TSST-induced anxiety, equivalent to a medium-to-large effect size. However, this did not reach statistical significance . In a subset of subjects, ketamine appeared to blunt SAM reactivity following an acute stressor. Future studies with larger sample size are required to further investigate the pro-resilient effect of ketamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Costi
- Depression and Anxiety Center, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA,Psychopharmacology and Emotion Research Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK,Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK,Corresponding author. Depression and Anxiety Center for Discovery and Treatment, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1230, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
| | - Audrey Evers
- Depression and Anxiety Center, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Manish K. Jha
- Depression and Anxiety Center, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthew Klein
- Depression and Anxiety Center, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jessica R. Overbey
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Center for Biostatistics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ki A. Goosens
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - JoColl Burgess
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kelvin Alvarez
- Depression and Anxiety Center, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adriana Feder
- Depression and Anxiety Center, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dennis S. Charney
- Depression and Anxiety Center, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA,Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA,Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - James W. Murrough
- Depression and Anxiety Center, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA,Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA,Corresponding author. Depression and Anxiety Center for Discovery and Treatment, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1230, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
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90
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Hu N, Long Q, Zhang D, Wang X, Deng M, Li Q, Yan M, Chen A. Stress-induced impairment reveals the stage and features of post-error adaptive adjustment. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:1013170. [DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.1013170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
An increased reaction time often occurs after error responses (post-error slowing, PES). However, the role of top-down regulation in post-error processing remains to be debated. Impairing cognitive control function through acute stress would help to investigate the role and stage of top-down adaptive regulation in post-error processing. Here, we recruited 50 healthy male participants who were randomly assigned to either a stress condition (Trier Social Stress Task, TSST) or a control condition (control version of the TSST). A color-word Stroop task with different response stimulus intervals (RSIs) was used to investigate the effects of acute stress on different stages of post-error processing. The results showed that cortisol, heart rate, perceived stress level, and negative affect were higher in the stress group (n = 24) than in the control group (n = 26), indicating successful stress induction. The accuracy of post-error response in the control group increased with the extension of RSI, and the reaction time decreased. However, the accuracy of 1,200 ms RSI was close to that of 700 ms RSI in the stress group but was significantly lower than that in the control group. The results suggested that acute stress caused the impairment of top-down adaptive regulation after error. Furthermore, our study manifested adaptive adjustment only in the late stages of post-error processing, indicating the phasic and adaptive features of post-error adjustment.
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91
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Associations of decayed teeth and localized periodontitis with mental stress in young adults: CHIEF oral health study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19139. [PMID: 36352004 PMCID: PMC9646768 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23958-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The associations of mental stress with decayed teeth in children and periodontitis in old-aged adults have been described. However, the associations for young adults were not clear. This study aimed to examine the associations of decayed teeth and localized periodontitis with mental stress in young adults. This study included 334 military recruiters, aged 19-45 years in Taiwan. Mental stress was assessed by the brief symptom rating scale-5 (BSRS-5), including five domains: anxiety, depression, hostility, interpersonal sensitivity and insomnia (maximum score of 20). Those with symptomatic mental stress were defined as having BSRS-5 > 5 (n = 34). Multiple linear and logistic regression models were used to determine the associations of decayed tooth numbers and periodontitis with BSRS-5, with adjustments for age, sex, education level, physical activity, body weight category and smoking status. The BSRS-5 was positively correlated with decayed tooth numbers [β: 0.26 (95% confidence interval: 0.01-0.52)]. Those who had more than two decayed teeth [odds ratio: 3.59 (1.52-8.46)] had a higher risk of symptomatic mental stress. In contrast, the correlation between BSRS-5 and localized severer periodontitis was null. Our study recommended that decayed teeth instead of localized periodontitis, was a risk factor for mental stress in young adults.
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92
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Haucke M, Golde S, Saft S, Hellweg R, Liu S, Heinzel S. The effects of momentary loneliness and COVID-19 stressors on hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis functioning: A lockdown stage changes the association between loneliness and salivary cortisol. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2022; 145:105894. [PMID: 36007471 PMCID: PMC9385585 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic can be characterized as a chronic stressor affecting the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, indexed by glucocorticoids (e.g., cortisol). We investigated whether salivary cortisol level is increased during a lockdown and whether a lockdown condition affects the association between loneliness, specific COVID-19 related stressors and salivary cortisol level. We conducted a smartphone-based ecological momentary assessment (EMA) study with 280 participants in Germany who experienced at least mild loneliness and distress amid COVID-19 from August 2020 to March 2021. We measured their momentary loneliness and COVID-related stressors including worries, information seeking behaviors and feelings of restriction during "no-lockdown" or "lockdown" stages amid COVID-19. Their salivary cortisol was measured 4 times on the last day of a 7-day EMA study. We found a significant increase in salivary cortisol levels during lockdown compared to no-lockdown. Lockdown stage was found to moderate the relationship between momentary loneliness and salivary cortisol level, i.e., loneliness was positively related to cortisol level specifically during lockdown. Mechanisms explaining the effect of forced social isolation on the association between loneliness and salivary cortisol need to be investigated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Haucke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (Campus Charité Mitte), Berlin, Germany; Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Sabrina Golde
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Silvia Saft
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (Campus Charité Mitte), Berlin, Germany.
| | - Rainer Hellweg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (Campus Charité Mitte), Berlin, Germany.
| | - Shuyan Liu
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (Campus Charité Mitte), Berlin, Germany.
| | - Stephan Heinzel
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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Iqbal T, Simpkin AJ, Roshan D, Glynn N, Killilea J, Walsh J, Molloy G, Ganly S, Ryman H, Coen E, Elahi A, Wijns W, Shahzad A. Stress Monitoring Using Wearable Sensors: A Pilot Study and Stress-Predict Dataset. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:s22218135. [PMID: 36365837 PMCID: PMC9654418 DOI: 10.3390/s22218135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
With the recent advancements in the field of wearable technologies, the opportunity to monitor stress continuously using different physiological variables has gained significant interest. The early detection of stress can help improve healthcare and minimizes the negative impact of long-term stress. This paper reports outcomes of a pilot study and associated stress-monitoring dataset, named the "Stress-Predict Dataset", created by collecting physiological signals from healthy subjects using wrist-worn watches with a photoplethysmogram (PPG) sensor. While wearing these watches, 35 healthy volunteers underwent a series of tasks (i.e., Stroop color test, Trier Social Stress Test and Hyperventilation Provocation Test), along with a rest period in-between each task. They also answered questionnaires designed to induce stress levels compatible with daily life. The changes in the blood volume pulse (BVP) and heart rate were recorded by the watch and were labelled as occurring during stress-inducing tasks or a rest period (no stress). Additionally, respiratory rate was estimated using the BVP signal. Statistical models and personalised adaptive reference ranges were used to determine the utility of the proposed stressors and the extracted variables (heart rate and respiratory rate). The analysis showed that the interview session was the most significant stress stimulus, causing a significant variation in heart rate of 27 (77%) participants and respiratory rate of 28 (80%) participants out of 35. The outcomes of this study contribute to the understanding the role of stressors and their association with physiological response and provide a dataset to help develop new wearable solutions for more reliable, valid, and sensitive physio-logical stress monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talha Iqbal
- Smart Sensor Laboratory, Lambe Institute of Translational Research, College of Medicine, Nursing Health Sciences, University of Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
- Correspondence:
| | - Andrew J. Simpkin
- School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, University of Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Davood Roshan
- School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, University of Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
- CÚRAM Center for Research in Medical Devices, University of Galway, H91 W2TY Galway, Ireland
| | - Nicola Glynn
- Smart Sensor Laboratory, Lambe Institute of Translational Research, College of Medicine, Nursing Health Sciences, University of Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - John Killilea
- Smart Sensor Laboratory, Lambe Institute of Translational Research, College of Medicine, Nursing Health Sciences, University of Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Jane Walsh
- School of Psychology, University of Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Gerard Molloy
- School of Psychology, University of Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Sandra Ganly
- Smart Sensor Laboratory, Lambe Institute of Translational Research, College of Medicine, Nursing Health Sciences, University of Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Hannah Ryman
- Smart Sensor Laboratory, Lambe Institute of Translational Research, College of Medicine, Nursing Health Sciences, University of Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Eileen Coen
- Smart Sensor Laboratory, Lambe Institute of Translational Research, College of Medicine, Nursing Health Sciences, University of Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Adnan Elahi
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - William Wijns
- Smart Sensor Laboratory, Lambe Institute of Translational Research, College of Medicine, Nursing Health Sciences, University of Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
- CÚRAM Center for Research in Medical Devices, University of Galway, H91 W2TY Galway, Ireland
| | - Atif Shahzad
- Smart Sensor Laboratory, Lambe Institute of Translational Research, College of Medicine, Nursing Health Sciences, University of Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
- Centre for Systems Modelling and Quantitative Biomedicine (SMQB), University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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94
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Physiological reactions to and recovery from acute stressors: the roles of chronic anxiety
and stable resources. HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY REPORT 2022. [DOI: 10.5114/hpr/153968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundResearch has shown that employees subjected to acute stressors at work can suffer devastating repercussions. However, little is known about how employees who are experiencing ongoing chronic anxiety or have stable resources respond to acute stressors, particularly regarding their physiological responses to these situations. This study examines the physiological effects of an acute stressor when workers are already under chronic anxiety (i.e., cognitive anxiety and somatic anxiety) or when they have a stable resource (i.e., job control).Participants and procedureData were collected from 230 full-time employees working at three major oil companies in Brazil. First, demographic, anxie-ty, and job control measures were collected via questionnaire. Later, muscle tension, skin temperature, and heart rate were collected during a simulated task to assess the physiological response to stress. Hypotheses were tested by repeated measures general linear modeling.ResultsThe findings indicated that when employees were exposed to an acute stressor, those with chronic cognitive and somatic anxiety exhibited more heightened physiological responses than those lower on chronic anxiety. Further, compared to those with low control, employees with stable, high control over their work experienced a lower physiological reaction to the acute stressor.ConclusionsChronic anxiety generates high levels of physiological arousal and hyper-responsiveness to acute environmental stressors. Also, employees possessing stable resources, such as job control, experience reduced physiological responsivity to an acute stressor.
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95
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Kexel AK, Kluwe-Schiavon B, Baumgartner MR, Engeli EJE, Visentini M, Kirschbaum C, Seifritz E, Ditzen B, Soravia LM, Quednow BB. Cue-induced cocaine craving enhances psychosocial stress and vice versa in chronic cocaine users. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:443. [PMID: 36220809 PMCID: PMC9554190 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02204-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress and craving, it has been found, contribute to the development and maintenance of and relapse in cocaine use disorder. Chronic cocaine users (CU), previous research has shown, display altered physiological responses to psychosocial stress and increased vegetative responding to substance-related cues. However, how psychosocial stress and cue-induced craving interact in relation to the CU's physiological responses remains largely unknown. We thus investigated the interaction between acute psychosocial stress and cocaine-cue-related reactivity in 47 CU and 38 controls. In a crossed and balanced design, the participants were randomly exposed to a video-based cocaine-cue paradigm and the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) or vice versa to investigate possible mutually augmenting effects of both stressors on physiological stress responses. Over the course of the experimental procedure, plasma cortisol, ACTH, noradrenaline, subjective stress, and craving were assessed repeatedly. To estimate the responses during the cocaine-cue paradigm and TSST, growth models and discontinuous growth models were used. Overall, though both groups did not differ in their endocrinological responses to the TSST, CU displayed lower ACTH levels at baseline. The TSST did not elevate craving in CU, but when the cocaine-cue video was shown first, CU displayed an enhanced cortisol response to the subsequent TSST. In CU, cocaine-cues robustly evoked craving but no physiological stress response, while cue-induced craving was intensified after the TSST. Taken together, though CU did not show an altered acute stress response during the TSST, stress and craving together seemed to have mutually augmenting effects on their stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Kathrin Kexel
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacopsychology, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital, University of Zurich, Lenggstrasse 31, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Bruno Kluwe-Schiavon
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacopsychology, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital, University of Zurich, Lenggstrasse 31, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
- Cognition in Context, Research Center for Psychological Science, University of Lisbon, Alameda da Universidade, 1649-013, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Markus R Baumgartner
- Centre for Forensic Hair Analytics, Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Zurich, Kurvenstrasse 17, 8006, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Etna J E Engeli
- Centre for Addictive Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital, University of Zurich, Selnaustrasse 9, 8001, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Monika Visentini
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacopsychology, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital, University of Zurich, Lenggstrasse 31, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Clemens Kirschbaum
- Department of Biopsychology, Technical University Dresden, Zellescher Weg 19, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Erich Seifritz
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital, University of Zurich, Lenggstrasse 31, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Beate Ditzen
- Institute for Medical Psychology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Ruprecht-Karls University Heidelberg, Bergheimer Str. 20, 69115, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Leila M Soravia
- Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Bern, Bolligenstrasse 111, 3000, Bern 60, Switzerland
| | - Boris B Quednow
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacopsychology, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital, University of Zurich, Lenggstrasse 31, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
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96
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Altered psychobiological reactivity but no impairment of emotion recognition following stress in adolescents with non-suicidal self-injury. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2022; 273:379-395. [PMID: 36203100 PMCID: PMC10070238 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-022-01496-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Impairments in both stress regulation and emotion recognition have been associated with borderline personality disorder (BPD) and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). Although it has been proposed that emotion recognition deficits particularly emerge during stress, this hypothesis has not been fully investigated. Adolescents with and without NSSI performed emotion recognition tasks before and after the employment of the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST). The psychobiological stress response was captured with psychological self-reports (affect, stress and dissociation), physiological recordings (heart rate, HR, and heart rate variability, HRV) and endocrinological sampling of saliva (cortisol and alpha-amylase). Mixed-linear models were applied to analyze stress-induced changes in emotion recognition performance and respective stress response measures. The TSST elicited altered psychobiological stress responses in adolescents with NSSI: A more pronounced decrease in positive affect, a more pronounced increase in negative affect, a less pronounced increase in HR, a less pronounced decrease in HRV and a more pronounced increase in alpha-amylase throughout the stress induction than adolescents without NSSI. Stress responses (dissociation, negative affect, cortisol and HR) differed as a function of BPD severity on a continuum, illustrating greater reactivity on self-reports but decreased biological responsiveness in those with greater BPD severity. Stress induction had similar effects on emotion recognition in adolescents with and without NSSI. Recognition sensitivity and recognition speed equally increased, in the absence of any differences in recognition accuracy. In contrast to prominent propositions, psychosocial stress does not appear to account for impaired emotion recognition across the BPD spectrum.
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97
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Psychological Inflexibility and HF-HRV reactivity to laboratory stressors. JOURNAL OF CONTEXTUAL BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2022.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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98
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A novel procedure to investigate social anxiety using videoconferencing software: A proof-of-concept study. Psychiatry Res 2022; 316:114770. [PMID: 35961154 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is very common and can be significantly disabling. New treatments are needed as the remission rate for SAD is the lowest of all the anxiety disorders. Experimental medicine models, in which features resembling a clinical disorder are experimentally induced, are a cost-effective and timely approach to explore potential novel treatments for psychiatric disorders. Following the emergence of SARS-CoV-2, there is a need to develop experimental medicine models that can be carried out remotely. We developed a novel procedure to investigate SAD (the InterneT-based Stress test for Social Anxiety Disorder; ITSSAD) that can be carried out entirely online by a single investigator, potentially reducing costs and maximising internal reliability. The procedure involves an anticipatory period followed by a naturalistic social interaction task. In a sample of 20 non-treatment-seeking volunteers with symptoms of SAD, the ITSSAD induced significant subjective anxiety and reduced positive affect. Further, increased social anxiety symptoms at baseline predicted increased anxiety during the social interaction task. This protocol needs further validation with physiological measures. The ITSSAD is a new tool for researchers to investigate mechanisms underlying social anxiety disorder.
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99
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Effects of financial anxiety and employability on emotional exhaustion and performance. JOURNAL OF VOCATIONAL BEHAVIOR 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvb.2022.103761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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100
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Glier S, Campbell A, Corr R, Pelletier‐Baldelli A, Yefimov M, Guerra C, Scott K, Murphy L, Bizzell J, Belger A. Coordination of autonomic and endocrine stress responses to the Trier Social Stress Test in adolescence. Psychophysiology 2022; 59:e14056. [PMID: 35353921 PMCID: PMC9339460 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulations in autonomic and endocrine stress responses are linked to the emergence of psychopathology in adolescence. However, most studies fail to consider the interplay between these systems giving rise to conflicting findings and a gap in understanding adolescent stress response regulation. A multisystem framework-investigation of parasympathetic (PNS), sympathetic (SNS), and hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis components and their coordination-is necessary to understand individual differences in stress response coordination which contribute to stress vulnerabilities. As the first investigation to comprehensively evaluate these three systems in adolescence, the current study employed the Trier Social Stress Test in 72 typically developing adolescents (mean age = 13) to address how PNS, SNS, and HPA stress responses are coordinated in adolescence. Hypotheses tested key predictions of the Adaptive Calibration Model (ACM) of stress response coordination. PNS and SNS responses were assessed via heart rate variability (HRV) and salivary alpha amylase (sAA) respectively. HPA responses were indexed by salivary cortisol. Analyses utilized piecewise growth curve modeling to investigate these aims. Supporting the ACM theory, there was significant hierarchical coordination between the systems such that those with low HRV had higher sAA and cortisol reactivity and those with high HRV had low-to-moderate sAA and cortisol responsivity. Our novel results reveal the necessity of studying multisystem dynamics in an integrative fashion to uncover the true mechanisms of stress response and regulation during development. Additionally, our findings support the existence of characteristic stress response profiles as predicted by the ACM model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Glier
- School of MedicineUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Alana Campbell
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
- Carolina Institute for Developmental DisabilitiesUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
- Frank Porter Graham Child Development InstituteUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Rachel Corr
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Andrea Pelletier‐Baldelli
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
- Carolina Institute for Developmental DisabilitiesUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
- Frank Porter Graham Child Development InstituteUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Mae Yefimov
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
- Frank Porter Graham Child Development InstituteUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Carina Guerra
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Kathryn Scott
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Louis Murphy
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Joshua Bizzell
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
- Carolina Institute for Developmental DisabilitiesUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
- Frank Porter Graham Child Development InstituteUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Aysenil Belger
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
- Carolina Institute for Developmental DisabilitiesUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
- Frank Porter Graham Child Development InstituteUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
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