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Fooyontphanich K, Morcillo F, Joët T, Dussert S, Serret J, Collin M, Amblard P, Tangphatsornruang S, Roongsattham P, Jantasuriyarat C, Verdeil JL, Tranbarger TJ. Multi-scale comparative transcriptome analysis reveals key genes and metabolic reprogramming processes associated with oil palm fruit abscission. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:92. [PMID: 33573592 PMCID: PMC7879690 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-02874-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fruit abscission depends on cell separation that occurs within specialized cell layers that constitute an abscission zone (AZ). To determine the mechanisms of fleshy fruit abscission of the monocot oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) compared with other abscission systems, we performed multi-scale comparative transcriptome analyses on fruit targeting the developing primary AZ and adjacent tissues. RESULTS Combining between-tissue developmental comparisons with exogenous ethylene treatments, and naturally occurring abscission in the field, RNAseq analysis revealed a robust core set of 168 genes with differentially regulated expression, spatially associated with the ripe fruit AZ, and temporally restricted to the abscission timing. The expression of a set of candidate genes was validated by qRT-PCR in the fruit AZ of a natural oil palm variant with blocked fruit abscission, which provides evidence for their functions during abscission. Our results substantiate the conservation of gene function between dicot dry fruit dehiscence and monocot fleshy fruit abscission. The study also revealed major metabolic transitions occur in the AZ during abscission, including key senescence marker genes and transcriptional regulators, in addition to genes involved in nutrient recycling and reallocation, alternative routes for energy supply and adaptation to oxidative stress. CONCLUSIONS The study provides the first reference transcriptome of a monocot fleshy fruit abscission zone and provides insight into the mechanisms underlying abscission by identifying key genes with functional roles and processes, including metabolic transitions, cell wall modifications, signalling, stress adaptations and transcriptional regulation, that occur during ripe fruit abscission of the monocot oil palm. The transcriptome data comprises an original reference and resource useful towards understanding the evolutionary basis of this fundamental plant process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Fooyontphanich
- UMR DIADE, Institut de Recherche Pour le Développement, Université de Montpellier, IRD Centre de Montpellier, 911 Avenue Agropolis BP 64501, 34394 Cedex 5, Montpellier, France
- Grow A Green Co, Ltd. 556 Maha Chakraphat Rd. Namaung, Chachoengsao, Chachoengsao Province, 24000, Thailand
| | - Fabienne Morcillo
- UMR DIADE, Institut de Recherche Pour le Développement, Université de Montpellier, IRD Centre de Montpellier, 911 Avenue Agropolis BP 64501, 34394 Cedex 5, Montpellier, France
- CIRAD, DIADE, F-34398, Montpellier, France
| | - Thierry Joët
- UMR DIADE, Institut de Recherche Pour le Développement, Université de Montpellier, IRD Centre de Montpellier, 911 Avenue Agropolis BP 64501, 34394 Cedex 5, Montpellier, France
| | - Stéphane Dussert
- UMR DIADE, Institut de Recherche Pour le Développement, Université de Montpellier, IRD Centre de Montpellier, 911 Avenue Agropolis BP 64501, 34394 Cedex 5, Montpellier, France
| | - Julien Serret
- UMR DIADE, Institut de Recherche Pour le Développement, Université de Montpellier, IRD Centre de Montpellier, 911 Avenue Agropolis BP 64501, 34394 Cedex 5, Montpellier, France
| | - Myriam Collin
- UMR DIADE, Institut de Recherche Pour le Développement, Université de Montpellier, IRD Centre de Montpellier, 911 Avenue Agropolis BP 64501, 34394 Cedex 5, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Sithichoke Tangphatsornruang
- National Science and Technology Development Agency, 111 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Peerapat Roongsattham
- UMR DIADE, Institut de Recherche Pour le Développement, Université de Montpellier, IRD Centre de Montpellier, 911 Avenue Agropolis BP 64501, 34394 Cedex 5, Montpellier, France
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University Bangkhen Campus, 50 Phahonyothin Road Jatujak, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chatchawan Jantasuriyarat
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University Bangkhen Campus, 50 Phahonyothin Road Jatujak, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jean-Luc Verdeil
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP, F-34398, Montpellier, France
- AGAP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Timothy J Tranbarger
- UMR DIADE, Institut de Recherche Pour le Développement, Université de Montpellier, IRD Centre de Montpellier, 911 Avenue Agropolis BP 64501, 34394 Cedex 5, Montpellier, France.
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52
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Developmental transcriptome profiling uncovered carbon signaling genes associated with almond fruit drop. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3401. [PMID: 33564060 PMCID: PMC7873282 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69395-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Almond is one of the most featured nut crops owing to its high nutritional value. However, due to three different waves of flower and fruitlet drop, fruit drop is a major concern for growers. In this study, we carried out a time-course transcriptome analysis to investigate gene expression differences between normal and abnormal fruitlet development. By de novo assembly analysis, we identified 33,577 unigenes and provided their functional annotations. In total, we identified 7,469 differentially expressed genes and observed the most apparent difference between normal and abnormal fruits at 12 and 17 days after flowering. Their biological functions were enriched in carbon metabolism, carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms and plant hormone signal transduction. RT-qPCR validated the expression pattern of 14 representative genes, including glycosyltransferase like family 2, MYB39, IAA13, gibberellin-regulated protein 11-like and POD44, which confirmed the reliability of our transcriptome data. This study provides an insight into the association between abnormal fruit development and carbohydrate signaling from the early developmental stages and could be served as useful information for understanding the regulatory mechanisms related to almond fruit drop.
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Du J, Lu S, Chai M, Zhou C, Sun L, Tang Y, Nakashima J, Kolape J, Wen Z, Behzadirad M, Zhong T, Sun J, Zhang Y, Wang Z. Functional characterization of PETIOLULE-LIKE PULVINUS (PLP) gene in abscission zone development in Medicago truncatula and its application to genetic improvement of alfalfa. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2021; 19:351-364. [PMID: 32816361 PMCID: PMC7868985 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is one of the most important forage crops throughout the world. Maximizing leaf retention during the haymaking process is critical for achieving superior hay quality and maintaining biomass yield. Leaf abscission process affects leaf retention. Previous studies have largely focused on the molecular mechanisms of floral organ, pedicel and seed abscission but scarcely touched on leaf and petiole abscission. This study focuses on leaf and petiole abscission in the model legume Medicago truncatula and its closely related commercial species alfalfa. By analysing the petiolule-like pulvinus (plp) mutant in M. truncatula at phenotypic level (breakstrength and shaking assays), microscopic level (scanning electron microscopy and cross-sectional analyses) and molecular level (expression level and expression pattern analyses), we discovered that the loss of function of PLP leads to an absence of abscission zone (AZ) formation and PLP plays an important role in leaflet and petiole AZ differentiation. Microarray analysis indicated that PLP affects abscission process through modulating genes involved in hormonal homeostasis, cell wall remodelling and degradation. Detailed analyses led us to propose a functional model of PLP in regulating leaflet and petiole abscission. Furthermore, we cloned the PLP gene (MsPLP) from alfalfa and produced RNAi transgenic alfalfa plants to down-regulate the endogenous MsPLP. Down-regulation of MsPLP results in altered pulvinus structure with increased leaflet breakstrength, thus offering a new approach to decrease leaf loss during alfalfa haymaking process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Du
- Noble Research InstituteArdmoreOKUSA
- Institute for Agricultural BiosciencesOklahoma State UniversityArdmoreOKUSA
- College of Grassland Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Shaoyun Lu
- College of Life SciencesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Maofeng Chai
- Noble Research InstituteArdmoreOKUSA
- Grassland Agri‐Husbandry Research CenterCollege of Grassland ScienceQingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Chuanen Zhou
- School of Life ScienceShandong UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Liang Sun
- Noble Research InstituteArdmoreOKUSA
| | | | | | - Jaydeep Kolape
- Noble Research InstituteArdmoreOKUSA
- Morrison Microscopy Core Research FacilityCenter for BiotechnologyUniversity of Nebraska‐LincolnNEUSA
| | - Zhaozhu Wen
- Noble Research InstituteArdmoreOKUSA
- College of AgricultureHunan Agricultural UniversityHunanChina
| | - Marjan Behzadirad
- Institute for Agricultural BiosciencesOklahoma State UniversityArdmoreOKUSA
| | - Tianxiu Zhong
- College of Forestry and Landscape ArchitectureSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Juan Sun
- Grassland Agri‐Husbandry Research CenterCollege of Grassland ScienceQingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Yunwei Zhang
- College of Grassland Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Zeng‐Yu Wang
- Noble Research InstituteArdmoreOKUSA
- Grassland Agri‐Husbandry Research CenterCollege of Grassland ScienceQingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdaoChina
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54
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Expression Kinetics of Regulatory Genes Involved in the Vesicle Trafficking Processes Operating in Tomato Flower Abscission Zone Cells during Pedicel Abscission. Life (Basel) 2020; 10:life10110273. [PMID: 33172002 PMCID: PMC7694662 DOI: 10.3390/life10110273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The abscission process occurs in a specific abscission zone (AZ) as a consequence of the middle lamella dissolution, cell wall degradation, and formation of a defense layer. The proteins and metabolites related to these processes are secreted by vesicle trafficking through the plasma membrane to the cell wall and middle lamella of the separating cells in the AZ. We investigated this process, since the regulation of vesicle trafficking in abscission systems is poorly understood. The data obtained describe, for the first time, the kinetics of the upregulated expression of genes encoding the components involved in vesicle trafficking, occurring specifically in the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) flower AZ (FAZ) during pedicel abscission induced by flower removal. The genes encoding vesicle trafficking components included soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNAREs), SNARE regulators, and small GTPases. Our results clearly show how the processes of protein secretion by vesicle trafficking are regulated, programmed, and orchestrated at the level of gene expression in the FAZ. The data provide evidence for target proteins, which can be further used for affinity purification of plant vesicles in their natural state. Such analyses and dissection of the complex vesicle trafficking networks are essential for further elucidating the mechanism of organ abscission.
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55
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Singh P, Bharti N, Singh AP, Tripathi SK, Pandey SP, Chauhan AS, Kulkarni A, Sane AP. Petal abscission in fragrant roses is associated with large scale differential regulation of the abscission zone transcriptome. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17196. [PMID: 33057097 PMCID: PMC7566604 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74144-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Flowers of fragrant roses such as Rosa bourboniana are ethylene-sensitive and undergo rapid petal abscission while hybrid roses show reduced ethylene sensitivity and delayed abscission. To understand the molecular mechanism underlying these differences, a comparative transcriptome of petal abscission zones (AZ) of 0 h and 8 h ethylene-treated flowers from R. bourboniana was performed. Differential regulation of 3700 genes (1518 up, 2182 down) representing 8.5% of the AZ transcriptome was observed between 0 and 8 h ethylene-treated R. bourboniana petal AZ. Abscission was associated with large scale up-regulation of the ethylene pathway but prominent suppression of the JA, auxin and light-regulated pathways. Regulatory genes encoding kinases/phosphatases/F-box proteins and transcription factors formed the major group undergoing differential regulation besides genes for transporters, wall modification, defense and phenylpropanoid pathways. Further comparisons with ethylene-treated petals of R. bourboniana and 8 h ethylene-treated AZ (R. hybrida) identified a core set of 255 genes uniquely regulated by ethylene in R. bourboniana AZ. Almost 23% of these encoded regulatory proteins largely conserved with Arabidopsis AZ components. Most of these were up-regulated while an entire set of photosystem genes was prominently down-regulated. The studies provide important information on regulation of petal abscission in roses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Singh
- Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
| | - Neeraj Bharti
- Bioinformatics Centre, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, India.,High Performance Computing-Medical and Bioinformatics Applications Group, Centre for Development of Advanced Computing, Pune, 411008, India
| | - Amar Pal Singh
- Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, India.,National Institute for Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Siddharth Kaushal Tripathi
- Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, India.,National Centre for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Saurabh Prakash Pandey
- Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Abhishek Singh Chauhan
- Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Abhijeet Kulkarni
- Bioinformatics Centre, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, India
| | - Aniruddha P Sane
- Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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56
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Florkiewicz AB, Kućko A, Kapusta M, Burchardt S, Przywieczerski T, Czeszewska-Rosiak G, Wilmowicz E. Drought Disrupts Auxin Localization in Abscission Zone and Modifies Cell Wall Structure Leading to Flower Separation in Yellow Lupine. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6848. [PMID: 32961941 PMCID: PMC7555076 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Drought causes the excessive abscission of flowers in yellow lupine, leading to yield loss and serious economic consequences in agriculture. The structure that determines the time of flower shedding is the abscission zone (AZ). Its functioning depends on the undisturbed auxin movement from the flower to the stem. However, little is known about the mechanism guiding cell-cell adhesion directly in an AZ under water deficit. Therefore, here, we seek a fuller understanding of drought-dependent reactions and check the hypothesis that water limitation in soil disturbs the natural auxin balance within the AZ and, in this way, modifies the cell wall structure, leading to flower separation. Our strategy combined microscopic, biochemical, and chromatography approaches. We show that drought affects indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) distribution and evokes cellular changes, indicating AZ activation and flower abortion. Drought action was manifested by the accumulation of proline in the AZ. Moreover, cell wall-related modifications in response to drought are associated with reorganization of methylated homogalacturonans (HG) in the AZ, and upregulation of pectin methylesterase (PME) and polygalacturonase (PG)-enzymes responsible for pectin remodeling. Another symptom of stress action is the accumulation of hemicelluloses. Our data provide new insights into cell wall remodeling events during drought-induced flower abscission, which is relevant to control plant production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Bogumiła Florkiewicz
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 1 Lwowska Street, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (A.B.F.); (S.B.); (T.P.); (G.C.-R.)
| | - Agata Kućko
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159 Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Małgorzata Kapusta
- Department of Plant Cytology and Embryology, University of Gdańsk, 59 Wita Stwosza, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Sebastian Burchardt
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 1 Lwowska Street, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (A.B.F.); (S.B.); (T.P.); (G.C.-R.)
| | - Tomasz Przywieczerski
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 1 Lwowska Street, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (A.B.F.); (S.B.); (T.P.); (G.C.-R.)
| | - Grażyna Czeszewska-Rosiak
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 1 Lwowska Street, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (A.B.F.); (S.B.); (T.P.); (G.C.-R.)
| | - Emilia Wilmowicz
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 1 Lwowska Street, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (A.B.F.); (S.B.); (T.P.); (G.C.-R.)
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Ma X, Yuan Y, Wu Q, Wang J, Li J, Zhao M. LcEIL2/3 are involved in fruitlet abscission via activating genes related to ethylene biosynthesis and cell wall remodeling in litchi. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 103:1338-1350. [PMID: 32391616 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Fruit crops are subject to precocious fruit abscission, during which the phytohormone ethylene (ET) acts as a major positive regulator. However, the molecular basis of ET-induced fruit abscission remains poorly understood. Here, we show that two ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE 3-like (EIL) homologs in litchi, LcEIL2 and LcEIL3, play a role in ET-activated fruitlet abscission. LcEIL2/3 were significantly upregulated in the fruit abscission zone (AZ) during the ET-induced fruitlet abscission in litchi. The presence of LcEIL2/3 in wild-type Arabidopsis and ein3 eil1 mutants can accelerate the floral organ abscission. Moreover, the electrophoretic mobility shift assay and dual luciferase reporter analysis illustrated that LcEIL2/3 directly interacted with the gene promoters to activate the expression of cell wall remodeling genes LcCEL2/8 and LcPG1/2, and ET biosynthetic genes LcACS1/4/7 and LcACO2/3. Furthermore, we showed that LcPG1/2 were expressed in the floral abscission zone of Arabidopsis, and constitutive expression of LcPG2 in Arabidopsis promoted the floral organ abscission. In conclusion, we propose that LcEIL2/3 are involved in ET-induced fruitlet abscission via controlling expression of genes related to ET biosynthesis and cell wall remodeling in litchi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingshuai Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Ye Yuan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Qian Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jianguo Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Minglei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
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58
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Zhao M, Li C, Ma X, Xia R, Chen J, Liu X, Ying P, Peng M, Wang J, Shi CL, Li J. KNOX protein KNAT1 regulates fruitlet abscission in litchi by repressing ethylene biosynthetic genes. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:4069-4082. [PMID: 32227110 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Abscission is triggered by multiple environmental and developmental cues, including endogenous plant hormones. KNOTTED-LIKE HOMEOBOX (KNOX) transcription factors (TFs) play an important role in controlling abscission in plants. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of KNOX TFs in abscission is largely unknown. Here, we identified LcKNAT1, a KNOTTED-LIKE FROM ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA1 (KNAT1)-like protein from litchi, which regulates abscission by modulating ethylene biosynthesis. LcKNAT1 is expressed in the fruit abscission zone and its expression decreases during fruitlet abscission. Furthermore, the expression of the ethylene biosynthetic genes LcACS1, LcACS7, and LcACO2 increases in the fruit abscission zone, in parallel with the emission of ethylene in fruitlets. In vitro and in vivo assays revealed that LcKNAT1 inhibits the expression of LcACS/ACO genes by directly binding to their promoters. Moreover, ectopic expression of LcKNAT1 represses flower abscission in tomatoes. Transgenic plants expressing LcKNAT1 also showed consistently decreased expression of ACS/ACO genes. Collectively, these results indicate that LcKNAT1 represses abscission via the negative regulation of ethylene biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minglei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, China Litchi Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Caiqin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, China Litchi Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xingshuai Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, China Litchi Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Xia
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, China Litchi Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianye Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuncheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peiyuan Ying
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, China Litchi Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Manjun Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, China Litchi Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, China Litchi Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chun-Lin Shi
- Section of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jianguo Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, China Litchi Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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59
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Tisné S, Denis M, Domonhédo H, Pallas B, Cazemajor M, Tranbarger TJ, Morcillo F. Environmental and trophic determinism of fruit abscission and outlook with climate change in tropical regions. PLANT-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS (HOBOKEN, N.J.) 2020; 1:17-28. [PMID: 37284128 PMCID: PMC10168054 DOI: 10.1002/pei3.10011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Fruit abscission facilitates the optimal conditions and timing of seed dispersal. Environmental regulation of tropical fruit abscission has received little attention, even though climate change may have its strongest impacts in tropical regions. In this study, oil palm fruit abscission was monitored during multiple years in the Benin Republic to take advantage of the climatic seasonality and the continuous fruit production by this species. An innovative multivariable statistical method was used to identify the best predictors of fruit abscission among a set of climate and ecophysiological variables, and the stage of inflorescence and fruit bunch development when the variables are perceived. The effects of climate scenarios on fruit abscission were then predicted based on the calibrated model. We found complex regulation takes place at specific stages of inflorescence and bunch development, even long before the fruit abscission zone is competent to execute abscission. Among the predictors selected, temperature variations during inflorescence and fruit bunch development are major determinants of the fruit abscission process. Furthermore, the timing of ripe fruit drop is determined by temperature in combination with the trophic status. Finally, climate simulations revealed that the abscission process is robust and is more affected by seasonal variations than by extreme scenarios. Our investigations highlighted the central function of the abscission zone as the sensor of environmental signals during reproductive development. Coupling ecophysiological and statistical modeling was an efficient approach to disentangle this complex environmental regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Tisné
- CiradUMR AGAPMontpellierFrance
- AGAPUniv MontpellierCIRADINRAMontpellier SupAgroMontpellierFrance
| | - Marie Denis
- CiradUMR AGAPMontpellierFrance
- AGAPUniv MontpellierCIRADINRAMontpellier SupAgroMontpellierFrance
| | | | - Benoît Pallas
- AGAPUniv MontpellierCIRADINRAMontpellier SupAgroMontpellierFrance
| | - Michel Cazemajor
- CRA‐PP/INRABRépublique du Bénin
- PalmElit SASMontferrier‐sur‐LezFrance
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Kućko A, Wilmowicz E, Pokora W, Alché JDD. Disruption of the Auxin Gradient in the Abscission Zone Area Evokes Asymmetrical Changes Leading to Flower Separation in Yellow Lupine. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3815. [PMID: 32471291 PMCID: PMC7312349 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
How auxin transport regulates organ abscission is a long-standing and intriguing question. Polar auxin transport across the abscission zone (AZ) plays a more important role in the regulation of abscission than a local concentration of this hormone. We recently reported the existence of a spatiotemporal sequential pattern of the indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) localization in the area of the yellow lupine AZ, which is a place of flower detachment. In this study, we performed analyses of AZ following treatment with an inhibitor of polar auxin transport (2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA)). Once we applied TIBA directly onto the AZ, we observed a strong response as demonstrated by enhanced flower abscission. To elucidate the molecular events caused by the inhibition of auxin movement, we divided the AZ into the distal and proximal part. TIBA triggered the formation of the IAA gradient between these two parts. The AZ-marker genes, which encode the downstream molecular components of the inflorescence deficient in abscission (IDA)-signaling system executing the abscission, were expressed in the distal part. The accumulation of IAA in the proximal area accelerated the biosynthesis of abscisic acid and ethylene (stimulators of flower separation), which was also reflected at the transcriptional level. Accumulated IAA up-regulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) detoxification mechanisms. Collectively, we provide new information regarding auxin-regulated processes operating in specific areas of the AZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Kućko
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Emilia Wilmowicz
- Chair of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 1 Lwowska Street, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Wojciech Pokora
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Juan De Dios Alché
- Plant Reproductive Biology and Advanced Microscopy Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Profesor Albareda 1, E-18008 Granada, Spain;
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61
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Yu YK, Li YL, Ding LN, Sarwar R, Zhao FY, Tan XL. Mechanism and Regulation of Silique Dehiscence, Which Affects Oil Seed Production. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:580. [PMID: 32670302 PMCID: PMC7326126 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Silique dehiscence is an important physiological process during natural growth that enables mature seeds to be released from plants, which then undergo reproduction and ensure the survival of future generations. In agricultural production, the time and degree of silique dehiscence affect the harvest time and processing of crops. Premature silique dehiscence leads to seeds being shed before harvest, resulting in substantial reductions to yields. Conversely, late silique dehiscence is not conducive to harvesting, and grain weight and oil content will be reduced due to the respiratory needs of seeds. In this paper, the mechanisms and regulation of silique dehiscence, and its application in agricultural production is reviewed.
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Parra R, Paredes MA, Labrador J, Nunes C, Coimbra MA, Fernandez-Garcia N, Olmos E, Gallardo M, Gomez-Jimenez MC. Cell Wall Composition and Ultrastructural Immunolocalization of Pectin and Arabinogalactan Protein during Olea europaea L. Fruit Abscission. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 61:814-825. [PMID: 32016408 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcaa009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cell wall modification is integral to many plant developmental processes where cells need to separate, such as abscission. However, changes in cell wall composition during natural fruit abscission are poorly understood. In olive (Olea europaea L.), some cultivars such as 'Picual' undergo massive natural fruit abscission after fruit ripening. This study investigates the differences in cell wall polysaccharide composition and the localization of pectins and arabinogalactan protein (AGP) in the abscission zone (AZ) during cell separation to understand fruit abscission control in 'Picual' olive. To this end, immunogold labeling employing a suite of monoclonal antibodies to cell wall components (JIM13, LM5, LM6, LM19 and LM20) was investigated in olive fruit AZ. Cell wall polysaccharide extraction revealed that the AZ cell separation is related to the de-esterification and degradation of pectic polysaccharides. Moreover, ultrastructural localization showed that both esterified and unesterified homogalacturonans (HGs) localize mainly in the AZ cell walls, including the middle lamella and tricellular junction zones. Our results indicate that unesterified HGs are likely to contribute to cell separation in the olive fruit AZ. Similarly, immunogold labeling demonstrated a decrease in both galactose-rich and arabinose-rich pectins in AZ cell walls during ripe fruit abscission. In addition, AGPs were localized in the cell wall, plasma membrane and cytoplasm of AZ cells with lower levels of AGPs during ripe fruit abscission. This detailed temporal profile of the cell wall polysaccharide composition, and the pectins and AGP immunolocalization in the olive fruit AZ, offers new insights into cell wall remodeling during ripe fruit abscission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Parra
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Extremadura, Avda de Elvas s/n, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Miguel A Paredes
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Extremadura, Avda de Elvas s/n, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Juana Labrador
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Extremadura, Avda de Elvas s/n, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Cláudia Nunes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro P-3810-193, Portugal
| | - Manuel A Coimbra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro P-3810-193, Portugal
| | - Nieves Fernandez-Garcia
- Department of Abiotic Stress and Plant Pathology, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CSIC), Murcia, Spain
| | - Enrique Olmos
- Department of Abiotic Stress and Plant Pathology, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CSIC), Murcia, Spain
| | - Mercedes Gallardo
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Vigo, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende, s/n, Vigo 36310, Spain
| | - Maria C Gomez-Jimenez
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Extremadura, Avda de Elvas s/n, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
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Why We Sleep: A Hypothesis for an Ultimate or Evolutionary Origin for Sleep and Other Physiological Rhythms. J Circadian Rhythms 2020; 18:2. [PMID: 32269596 PMCID: PMC7120898 DOI: 10.5334/jcr.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although sleep is ubiquitous, its evolutionary purpose remains elusive. Though every species of animal, as well as many plants sleep, theories of its origin are purely physiological, e.g. to conserve energy, make repairs or to consolidate learning. An evolutionary reason for sleep would answer one of biology’s fundamental unanswered questions. When environmental conditions change on a periodic basis (winter/summer, day/night) organisms must somehow confront the change or else be less able to compete in either niche. Seasonal adaptation includes the migration of birds, changes in honeybee physiology and winter abscission in plants. Diurnal adaptation must be more rapid, forcing changes in behavior in addition to physiology. Since organisms must exist in both environments, evolution has created a way to force a change in behavior, in effect creating “different” organisms (one awake, one asleep) adapted separately to two distinct niches. We sleep to allow evolving into two competing niches. The physiology of sleep forces a change to a different state for the second niche. The physiological needs for sleep are mechanisms that have evolved to achieve this goal.
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64
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Qiu ZL, Wen Z, Yang K, Tian T, Qiao G, Hong Y, Wen XP. Comparative Proteomics Profiling Illuminates the Fruitlet Abscission Mechanism of Sweet Cherry as Induced by Embryo Abortion. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041200. [PMID: 32054063 PMCID: PMC7072775 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) is a delicious nutrient-rich fruit widely cultivated in countries such as China, America, Chile, and Italy. However, the yield often drops severely due to the frequently-abnormal fruitlet abscission, and few studies on the metabolism during its ripening process at the proteomic level have been executed so far. To get a better understanding regarding the sweet cherry abscission mechanism, proteomic analysis between the abscising carpopodium and non-abscising carpopodium of sweet cherry was accomplished using a newly developed Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry with Tandem Mass Tag (TMT-LC-MS/MS) methodology. The embryo viability experiments showed that the vigor of the abscission embryos was significantly lower than that of retention embryo. The activity of cell wall degrading enzymes in abscising carpopodium was significantly higher than that in non-abscising carpopodium. The anatomy results suggested that cells in the abscission zone were small and separated. In total, 6280 proteins were identified, among which 5681 were quantified. It has been observed that differentially accumulated proteins (DAPs) influenced several biological functions and various subcellular localizations. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis showed that plenty of metabolic pathways were notably enriched, particularly those involved in phytohormone biosynthesis, cell wall metabolism, and cytoskeletal metabolism, including 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase proteins which promote ethylene synthesis, and proteins promoting cell wall degradation, such as endoglucanases, pectinase, and polygalacturonase. Differential expression of proteins concerning phytohormone biosynthesis might activate the shedding regulation signals. Up-regulation of several cell wall degradation-related proteins possibly regulated the shedding of plant organs. Variations of the phytohormone biosynthesis and cell wall degradation-related proteins were explored during the abscission process. Furthermore, changes in cytoskeleton-associated proteins might contribute to the abscission of carpopodium. The current work represented the first study using comparative proteomics between abscising carpopodium and non-abscising carpopodium. These results indicated that embryo abortion might lead to phytohormone synthesis disorder, which effected signal transduction pathways, and hereby controlled genes involved in cell wall degradation and then caused the abscission of fruitlet. Overall, our data may give an intrinsic explanation of the variations in metabolism during the abscission of carpopodium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Lang Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Guizhou University), Ministry of Education, Institute of Agro-bioengineering/College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (Z.-L.Q.); (Z.W.); (K.Y.); (G.Q.); (Y.H.)
| | - Zhuang Wen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Guizhou University), Ministry of Education, Institute of Agro-bioengineering/College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (Z.-L.Q.); (Z.W.); (K.Y.); (G.Q.); (Y.H.)
| | - Kun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Guizhou University), Ministry of Education, Institute of Agro-bioengineering/College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (Z.-L.Q.); (Z.W.); (K.Y.); (G.Q.); (Y.H.)
| | - Tian Tian
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Guizhou University), Ministry of Education, Institute of Agro-bioengineering/College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (Z.-L.Q.); (Z.W.); (K.Y.); (G.Q.); (Y.H.)
- Institute for Forest Resources & Environment of Guizhou, College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China;
| | - Guang Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Guizhou University), Ministry of Education, Institute of Agro-bioengineering/College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (Z.-L.Q.); (Z.W.); (K.Y.); (G.Q.); (Y.H.)
| | - Yi Hong
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Guizhou University), Ministry of Education, Institute of Agro-bioengineering/College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (Z.-L.Q.); (Z.W.); (K.Y.); (G.Q.); (Y.H.)
| | - Xiao-Peng Wen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Guizhou University), Ministry of Education, Institute of Agro-bioengineering/College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (Z.-L.Q.); (Z.W.); (K.Y.); (G.Q.); (Y.H.)
- Institute for Forest Resources & Environment of Guizhou, College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-851-88290212
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Liu D, Li J, Li Z, Pei Y. Hydrogen sulfide inhibits ethylene-induced petiole abscission in tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L.). HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2020; 7:14. [PMID: 32025317 PMCID: PMC6994592 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-019-0237-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Abscission is a dynamic physiological process that is ubiquitous in plants and can also be an essential agronomic trait in crops, thus attracting attention from plant growers and breeders. In general, the process of plant organ abscission can be divided into four steps, among which the step to obtain the competence to respond to abscission signals (step 2) is the most complex; however, the molecular mechanism underlying this process remains unclear. In this study, we found that hydrogen sulfide (H2S) inhibited the abscission of the tomato petiole in a dose-dependent manner, and the abscission of the petiole was accelerated when an H2S scavenger was applied. Further enzymatic activity and gene expression analyses showed that H2S suppressed the activity of enzymes capable of modifying the cell wall by inhibiting the usual upregulation of the transcription of the corresponding genes during the abscission process but not by affecting the activities of these enzymes by direct posttranslational modification. H2S treatment upregulated the expression levels of SlIAA3 and SlIAA4 but downregulated the transcription of ILR-L3 and ILR-L4 in the earlier stages of the abscission process, indicating that H2S probably functioned in the second step of the abscission process by preventing the abscission zone cells from obtaining the competence to respond to abscission signals by modulating the content of the bioactive-free auxin in these cells. Moreover, similar H2S inhibitory effects were also demonstrated in the process of floral organ abscission and anther dehiscence in other plant species, suggesting a ubiquitous role for H2S in cell separation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danmei Liu
- College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006 China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Regional Plants, Taiyuan, 030006 China
| | - Jianing Li
- College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006 China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Regional Plants, Taiyuan, 030006 China
| | - Zhuowen Li
- College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006 China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Regional Plants, Taiyuan, 030006 China
| | - Yanxi Pei
- College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006 China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Regional Plants, Taiyuan, 030006 China
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66
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Zhao M, Li J. Molecular Events Involved in Fruitlet Abscission in Litchi. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E151. [PMID: 31991594 PMCID: PMC7076479 DOI: 10.3390/plants9020151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Abscission in plants is an active and highly coordinated physiological process in which organs abscise from the plant body at the abscission zone (AZ) in responding to either developmental or environmental cues. Litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) is an important economic fruit crop widely grown in Southeast Asia particularly in South China. However, the excessive fruit drop during fruit development is a major limiting factor for litchi production. Thus, it is an important agricultural concern to understand the mechanisms underlying the fruit abscission in litchi. Here, we present a review focusing on the molecular events involved in the fruitlet abscission. We also highlight the recent advances on genes specifically associated with fruit abscission and perspectives for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minglei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, China Litchi Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jianguo Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, China Litchi Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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67
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Ventimilla D, Domingo C, González-Ibeas D, Talon M, Tadeo FR. Differential expression of IDA (INFLORESCENCE DEFICIENT IN ABSCISSION)-like genes in Nicotiana benthamiana during corolla abscission, stem growth and water stress. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:34. [PMID: 31959115 PMCID: PMC6971993 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-2250-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND IDA (INFLORESCENCE DEFICIENT IN ABSCISSION)-like signaling peptides and the associated HAE (HAESA)-like family of receptor kinases were originally reported in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) to be deeply involved in the regulation of abscission. Actually, IDA peptides, as cell-to-cell communication elements, appear to be implicated in many developmental processes that rely on cell separation events, and even in the responses to abiotic stresses. However, the knowledge related to the molecular machinery regulating abscission in economically important crops is scarce. In this work, we determined the conservation and phylogeny of the IDA-like and HAE-like gene families in relevant species of the Solanaceae family and analyzed the expression of these genes in the allopolyploid Nicotiana benthamiana, in order to identify members involved in abscission, stem growth and in the response to drought conditions. RESULTS The phylogenetic relationships among the IDA-like members of the Solanaceae studied, grouped the two pairs of NbenIDA1 and NbenIDA2 protein homeologs with the Arabidopsis prepropeptides related to abscission. Analysis of promoter regions searching for regulatory elements showed that these two pairs of homeologs contained both hormonal and drought response elements, although NbenIDA2A lacked the hormonal regulatory elements. Expression analyses showed that the pair of NbenIDA1 homeologs were upregulated during corolla abscission. NbenIDA1 and NbenIDA2 pairs showed tissue differential expression under water stress conditions, since NbenIDA1 homeologs were highly expressed in stressed leaves while NbenIDA2 homeologs, especially NbenIDA2B, were highly expressed in stressed roots. In non-stressed active growing plants, nodes and internodes were the tissues with the highest expression levels of all members of the IDA-like family and their putative HAE-like receptors. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the pair of NbenIDA1 homeologs are involved in the natural process of corolla abscission while both pairs of NbenIDA1 and NbenIDA2 homeologs are implicated in the response to water stress. The data also suggest that IDA peptides may be important during stem growth and development. These results provide additional evidence that the functional module formed by IDA peptides and its receptor kinases, as defined in Arabidopsis, may also be conserved in Solanaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ventimilla
- Centro de Genómica, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), CV-315, Km 10,7 Moncada, E-46113 Valencia, Spain
| | - Concha Domingo
- Centro de Genómica, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), CV-315, Km 10,7 Moncada, E-46113 Valencia, Spain
| | - Daniel González-Ibeas
- Centro de Genómica, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), CV-315, Km 10,7 Moncada, E-46113 Valencia, Spain
| | - Manuel Talon
- Centro de Genómica, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), CV-315, Km 10,7 Moncada, E-46113 Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco R. Tadeo
- Centro de Genómica, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), CV-315, Km 10,7 Moncada, E-46113 Valencia, Spain
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68
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Ventimilla D, Domingo C, González-Ibeas D, Talon M, Tadeo FR. Differential expression of IDA (INFLORESCENCE DEFICIENT IN ABSCISSION)-like genes in Nicotiana benthamiana during corolla abscission, stem growth and water stress. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:34. [PMID: 31959115 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-2250-2258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND IDA (INFLORESCENCE DEFICIENT IN ABSCISSION)-like signaling peptides and the associated HAE (HAESA)-like family of receptor kinases were originally reported in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) to be deeply involved in the regulation of abscission. Actually, IDA peptides, as cell-to-cell communication elements, appear to be implicated in many developmental processes that rely on cell separation events, and even in the responses to abiotic stresses. However, the knowledge related to the molecular machinery regulating abscission in economically important crops is scarce. In this work, we determined the conservation and phylogeny of the IDA-like and HAE-like gene families in relevant species of the Solanaceae family and analyzed the expression of these genes in the allopolyploid Nicotiana benthamiana, in order to identify members involved in abscission, stem growth and in the response to drought conditions. RESULTS The phylogenetic relationships among the IDA-like members of the Solanaceae studied, grouped the two pairs of NbenIDA1 and NbenIDA2 protein homeologs with the Arabidopsis prepropeptides related to abscission. Analysis of promoter regions searching for regulatory elements showed that these two pairs of homeologs contained both hormonal and drought response elements, although NbenIDA2A lacked the hormonal regulatory elements. Expression analyses showed that the pair of NbenIDA1 homeologs were upregulated during corolla abscission. NbenIDA1 and NbenIDA2 pairs showed tissue differential expression under water stress conditions, since NbenIDA1 homeologs were highly expressed in stressed leaves while NbenIDA2 homeologs, especially NbenIDA2B, were highly expressed in stressed roots. In non-stressed active growing plants, nodes and internodes were the tissues with the highest expression levels of all members of the IDA-like family and their putative HAE-like receptors. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the pair of NbenIDA1 homeologs are involved in the natural process of corolla abscission while both pairs of NbenIDA1 and NbenIDA2 homeologs are implicated in the response to water stress. The data also suggest that IDA peptides may be important during stem growth and development. These results provide additional evidence that the functional module formed by IDA peptides and its receptor kinases, as defined in Arabidopsis, may also be conserved in Solanaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ventimilla
- Centro de Genómica, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), CV-315, Km 10,7 Moncada, E-46113, Valencia, Spain
| | - Concha Domingo
- Centro de Genómica, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), CV-315, Km 10,7 Moncada, E-46113, Valencia, Spain
| | - Daniel González-Ibeas
- Centro de Genómica, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), CV-315, Km 10,7 Moncada, E-46113, Valencia, Spain
| | - Manuel Talon
- Centro de Genómica, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), CV-315, Km 10,7 Moncada, E-46113, Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco R Tadeo
- Centro de Genómica, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), CV-315, Km 10,7 Moncada, E-46113, Valencia, Spain.
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Cappai F, Amadeu RR, Benevenuto J, Cullen R, Garcia A, Grossman A, Ferrão LFV, Munoz P. High-Resolution Linkage Map and QTL Analyses of Fruit Firmness in Autotetraploid Blueberry. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:562171. [PMID: 33304360 PMCID: PMC7701094 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.562171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum and hybrids) is an autotetraploid crop whose commercial relevance has been growing steadily during the last 20 years. However, the ever-increasing cost of labor for hand-picking blueberry is one main constraint in competitive marketing of the fruit. Machine harvestability is, therefore, a key trait for the blueberry industry. Understanding the genetic architecture of traits related to machine harvestability through Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) mapping is the first step toward implementation of molecular breeding for faster genetic gains. Despite recent advances in software development for autotetraploid genetic mapping, a high-resolution map is still not available for blueberry. In this study, we crafted a map for autotetraploid low-chill highbush blueberry containing 11,292 SNP markers and a total size of 1,953.97 cM (average density of 5.78 markers/cM). This map was subsequently used to perform QTL analyses in 2-year field trials for a trait crucial to machine harvesting: fruit firmness. Preliminary insights were also sought for single evaluations of firmness retention after cold storage, and fruit detachment force traits. Significant QTL peaks were identified for all the traits and overlapping QTL intervals were detected for firmness across the years. We found low-to-moderate QTL effects explaining the phenotypic variance, which suggest a quantitative nature of these traits. The QTL intervals were further speculated for putative gene repertoire. Altogether, our findings provide the basis for future fine-mapping and molecular breeding efforts for machine harvesting in blueberry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Cappai
- Blueberry Breeding and Genomics Lab, Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Rodrigo R. Amadeu
- Blueberry Breeding and Genomics Lab, Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Juliana Benevenuto
- Blueberry Breeding and Genomics Lab, Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Ryan Cullen
- Blueberry Breeding and Genomics Lab, Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Alexandria Garcia
- Blueberry Breeding and Genomics Lab, Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Adina Grossman
- Forage Breeding and Genetics Lab, Agronomy Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Luís Felipe V. Ferrão
- Blueberry Breeding and Genomics Lab, Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Patricio Munoz
- Blueberry Breeding and Genomics Lab, Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- *Correspondence: Patricio Munoz
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70
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Integrated Analysis of Small RNA, Transcriptome and Degradome Sequencing Provides New Insights into Floral Development and Abscission in Yellow Lupine ( Lupinus luteus L.). Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20205122. [PMID: 31623090 PMCID: PMC6854478 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20205122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The floral development in an important legume crop yellow lupine (Lupinus luteus L., Taper cv.) is often affected by the abscission of flowers leading to significant economic losses. Small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs), which have a proven effect on almost all developmental processes in other plants, might be of key players in a complex net of molecular interactions regulating flower development and abscission. This study represents the first comprehensive sncRNA identification and analysis of small RNA, transcriptome and degradome sequencing data in lupine flowers to elucidate their role in the regulation of lupine generative development. As shedding in lupine primarily concerns flowers formed at the upper part of the inflorescence, we analyzed samples from extreme parts of raceme separately and conducted an additional analysis of pedicels from abscising and non-abscising flowers where abscission zone forms. A total of 394 known and 28 novel miRNAs and 316 phased siRNAs were identified. In flowers at different stages of development 59 miRNAs displayed differential expression (DE) and 46 DE miRNAs were found while comparing the upper and lower flowers. Identified tasiR-ARFs were DE in developing flowers and were strongly expressed in flower pedicels. The DEmiR-targeted genes were preferentially enriched in the functional categories related to carbohydrate metabolism and plant hormone transduction pathways. This study not only contributes to the current understanding of how lupine flowers develop or undergo abscission but also holds potential for research aimed at crop improvement.
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71
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Li C, Zhao M, Ma X, Wen Z, Ying P, Peng M, Ning X, Xia R, Wu H, Li J. The HD-Zip transcription factor LcHB2 regulates litchi fruit abscission through the activation of two cellulase genes. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:5189-5203. [PMID: 31173099 PMCID: PMC6793447 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Cellulases play important roles in the shedding of plant organs; however, little is yet known about the functions of cellulase genes during the process of organ abscission. Abnormal fruitlet abscission is a serious problem in the production of litchi (Litchi chinensis), an economically important fruit widely grown in South Asia. In this study, two abscission-accelerating treatments (carbohydrate stress and application of ethephon) were evaluated in litchi fruitlets. Cell wall degradation and cell separation were clearly observed in the abscission zones of treated fruitlets, consistent with enhanced cellulase activities and reduced cellulose contents. The expression of two cellulase genes (LcCEL2 and LcCEL8) was strongly associated with abscission. Floral organs of transgenic Arabidopsis overexpressing LcCEL2 or LcCEL8 showed remarkably precocious abscission. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays and transient expression experiments demonstrated that a novel homeodomain-leucine zipper transcription factor, LcHB2, could directly bind to and activate HD-binding cis-elements in the LcCEL2 and LcCEL8 promoters. Our results provide new information regarding the transcriptional regulation of the cellulase genes responsible for cell wall degradation and cell separation during plant organ shedding, and raise the possibility of future manipulation of litchi fruitlet abscission by modulation of the activities of these two cellulases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiqin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minglei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xingshuai Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenxi Wen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peiyuan Ying
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Manjun Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiping Ning
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Xia
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Correspondence: or
| | - Jianguo Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Correspondence: or
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72
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Lee Y. More than cell wall hydrolysis: orchestration of cellular dynamics for organ separation. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 51:37-43. [PMID: 31030063 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Plants' ability to cope with the ever-changing environment is one of the hallmarks that distinguishes plants from animals. Plants stationed in one place have evolved to remodel their architecture in response to the environmental factors by continuously creating new organ systems and removing existing organs through abscission. Herein, I provide insights into developmental plasticity of plants, focusing on the exit strategy (abscission). When plants start developing organs, the elimination tactics are also established in the form of abscission zones (AZ), that is, specialized cell layers for organ separation. Herein, recent advances in understanding the spatial regulatory mechanism of AZ in terms of cellular dynamics, coordination, and reconfiguration of the physical barrier of the cell wall to achieve precise abscission are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuree Lee
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Gao Y, Liu Y, Liang Y, Lu J, Jiang C, Fei Z, Jiang CZ, Ma C, Gao J. Rosa hybrida RhERF1 and RhERF4 mediate ethylene- and auxin-regulated petal abscission by influencing pectin degradation. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 99:1159-1171. [PMID: 31111587 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The timing of plant organ abscission is modulated by the balance of two hormones, ethylene and auxin, while the mechanism of organ shedding depends on the loss of middle lamella pectin in the abscission zone (AZ). However, the mechanisms involved in sensing the balance of auxin and ethylene and that affect pectin degradation during abscission are not well understood. In this study, we identified two members of the APETALA2/ethylene-responsive factor (AP2/ERF) transcription factor family in rose (Rosa hybrida), RhERF1 and RhERF4 which play a role in petal abscission. The expression of RhERF1 and RhERF4 was influenced by ethylene and auxin, respectively. Reduced expression of RhERF1 or RhERF4 was observed to accelerate petal abscission. Global expression analysis and real-time PCR assays revealed that RhERF1 and RhERF4 modulate the expression of genes encoding pectin-metabolizing enzymes. A reduction in the abundance of pectin epitopes was detected in the AZs of RhERF1 and RhERF4-silenced plants by immunofluorescence microscopy analysis. In addition, RhERF1 and RhERF4 were shown to bind to the promoter of the pectin-metabolizing gene β-GALACTOSIDASE 1 (RhBGLA1), and reduced expression of RhBGLA1 delayed petal abscission. We conclude that during petal abscission, RhERF1 and RhERF4 integrate and coordinate ethylene and auxin signals to modulate pectin metabolism, in part by regulating the expression of RhBGLA1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuerong Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yue Liang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jingyun Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chuyan Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhangjun Fei
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Ithaca, 14853, NY, USA
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, 14853, NY, USA
| | - Cai-Zhong Jiang
- Crops Pathology and Genetic Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Davis, 95616, CA, USA
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California at Davis, Davis, 95616, CA, USA
| | - Chao Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Junping Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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Kućko A, Smoliński D, Wilmowicz E, Florkiewicz A, de Dios Alché J. Spatio-temporal localization of LlBOP following early events of floral abscission in yellow lupine. PROTOPLASMA 2019; 256:1173-1183. [PMID: 30993471 PMCID: PMC6713700 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-019-01365-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The phenomenon of excessive flower abscission in yellow lupine is a process of substantial interest to the agricultural industries, because it substantially affects the yield. The aim of this work was to provide an analysis of the changes taking place precisely in the abscission zone (AZ) during early stages of flower separation. We put particular emphasis on mRNA accumulation of BOP (BLADE ON PETIOLE) gene encoding a transcriptional factor so far considered to be essential for AZ formation. Our results show that the AZ displays a particular transcriptional network active in the specific stages of its function, as reflected by the expression profile of LlBOP. Noteworthy, spatio-temporal LlBOP transcript accumulation in the elements of pedicel vascular tissue reveals divergent regulatory mechanism of its activity. We have also found that AZ cells accumulate reactive oxidative species following abscission and what is more, become active due to the increasing amount of uridine-rich small nuclear RNA, accompanied by poly(A) mRNA intensive synthesis. Our paper is a novel report for BOP involvement in the AZ functioning in relation to the whole transcriptional activity of AZ and overall discussed regarding BOP role as a potential mobile key regulator of abscission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Kućko
- Chair of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 1 Lwowska Street, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
- Department of Plant Physiology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 166 Street, 02-787, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dariusz Smoliński
- Department of Cell Biology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 1 Lwowska Street, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 4 Wileńska Street, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
| | - Emilia Wilmowicz
- Chair of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 1 Lwowska Street, 87-100, Toruń, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Florkiewicz
- Chair of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 1 Lwowska Street, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
| | - Juan de Dios Alché
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, 1 Profesor Albareda Street, 18008, Granada, Spain
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75
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Li C, Ma X, Huang X, Wang H, Wu H, Zhao M, Li J. Involvement of HD-ZIP I transcription factors LcHB2 and LcHB3 in fruitlet abscission by promoting transcription of genes related to the biosynthesis of ethylene and ABA in litchi. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 39:1600-1613. [PMID: 31222320 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpz071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal fruitlet abscission is a limiting factor in the production of litchi, an economically important fruit in Southern Asia. Both ethylene and abscisic acid (ABA) induce organ abscission in plants. Although ACS/ACO and NCED genes are known to encode key enzymes required for ethylene and ABA biosynthesis, respectively, the transcriptional regulation of these genes is unclear in the process of plant organ shedding. Here, two polygalacturonase (PG) genes (LcPG1 and LcPG2) and two novel homeodomain-leucine zipper I transcription factors genes (LcHB2 and LcHB3) were identified as key genes associated with the fruitlet abscission in litchi. The expression of LcPG1 and LcPG2 was strongly associated with litchi fruitlet abscission, consistent with enhanced PG activity and reduced homogalacturonan content in fruitlet abscission zones (FAZs). The promoter activities of LcPG1/2 were enhanced by ethephon and ABA. In addition, the production of ethylene and ABA in fruitlets was significantly increased during fruit abscission. Consistently, expression of five genes (LcACO2, LcACO3, LcACS1, LcACS4 and LcACS7) related to ethylene biosynthesis and one gene (LcNCED3) related to ABA biosynthesis in FAZs were activated. Further, electrophoretic mobility shift assays and transient expression experiments demonstrated that both LcHB2 and LcHB3 could directly bind to the promoter of LcACO2/3, LcACS1/4/7 and LcNCED3 genes and activate their expression. Collectively, we propose that LcHB2/3 are involved in the litchi fruitlet abscission through positive regulation of ethylene and ABA biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiqin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xingshuai Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuming Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huicong Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minglei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianguo Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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76
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Wilmowicz E, Kućko A, Burchardt S, Przywieczerski T. Molecular and Hormonal Aspects of Drought-Triggered Flower Shedding in Yellow Lupine. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3731. [PMID: 31370140 PMCID: PMC6695997 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The drought is a crucial environmental factor that determines yielding of many crop species, e.g., Fabaceae, which are a source of valuable proteins for food and feed. Herein, we focused on the events accompanying drought-induced activation of flower abscission zone (AZ)-the structure responsible for flower detachment and, consequently, determining seed production in Lupinus luteus. Therefore, detection of molecular markers regulating this process is an excellent tool in the development of improved drought-resistant cultivars to minimize yield loss. We applied physiological, molecular, biochemical, immunocytochemical, and chromatography methods for a comprehensive examination of changes evoked by drought in the AZ cells. This factor led to significant cellular changes and activated AZ, which consequently increased the flower abortion rate. Simultaneously, drought caused an accumulation of mRNA of genes inflorescence deficient in abscission-like (LlIDL), receptor-like protein kinase HSL (LlHSL), and mitogen-activated protein kinase6 (LlMPK6), encoding succeeding elements of AZ activation pathway. The content of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), catalase activity, and localization significantly changed which confirmed the appearance of stressful conditions and indicated modifications in the redox balance. Loss of water enhanced transcriptional activity of the abscisic acid (ABA) and ethylene (ET) biosynthesis pathways, which was manifested by elevated expression of zeaxanthin epoxidase (LlZEP), aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase (LlACS), and aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase (LlACO) genes. Accordingly, both ABA and ET precursors were highly abundant in AZ cells. Our study provides information about several new potential markers of early response on water loss, which can help to elucidate the mechanisms that control plant response to drought, and gives a useful basis for breeders and agronomists to enhance tolerance of crops against the stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Wilmowicz
- Chair of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 1 Lwowska Street, 87-100 Toruń, Poland.
| | - Agata Kućko
- Department of Plant Physiology Warsaw, University of Life Sciences-SGGW (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159 Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sebastian Burchardt
- Chair of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 1 Lwowska Street, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Tomasz Przywieczerski
- Chair of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 1 Lwowska Street, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
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77
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Patharkar OR, Walker JC. Connections between abscission, dehiscence, pathogen defense, drought tolerance, and senescence. PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 284:25-29. [PMID: 31084875 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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78
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Kim J, Chun JP, Tucker ML. Transcriptional Regulation of Abscission Zones. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8060154. [PMID: 31174352 PMCID: PMC6631628 DOI: 10.3390/plants8060154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Precise and timely regulation of organ separation from the parent plant (abscission) is consequential to improvement of crop productivity as it influences both the timing of harvest and fruit quality. Abscission is tightly associated with plant fitness as unwanted organs (petals, sepals, filaments) are shed after fertilization while seeds, fruits, and leaves are cast off as means of reproductive success or in response to abiotic/biotic stresses. Floral organ abscission in Arabidopsis has been a useful model to elucidate the molecular mechanisms that underlie the separation processes, and multiple abscission signals associated with the activation and downstream pathways have been uncovered. Concomitantly, large-scale analyses of omics studies in diverse abscission systems of various plants have added valuable insights into the abscission process. The results suggest that there are common molecular events linked to the biosynthesis of a new extracellular matrix as well as cell wall disassembly. Comparative analysis between Arabidopsis and soybean abscission systems has revealed shared and yet disparate regulatory modules that affect the separation processes. In this review, we discuss our current understanding of the transcriptional regulation of abscission in several different plants that has improved on the previously proposed four-phased model of organ separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joonyup Kim
- Department of Horticultural Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
| | - Jong-Pil Chun
- Department of Horticultural Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
| | - Mark L Tucker
- Soybean Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, USDA Bldg. 006, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
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79
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Zhao W, Baldwin EA, Bai J, Plotto A, Irey M. Comparative analysis of the transcriptomes of the calyx abscission zone of sweet orange insights into the huanglongbing-associated fruit abscission. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2019; 6:71. [PMID: 31231529 PMCID: PMC6544638 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-019-0152-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Citrus greening disease or huanglongbing (HLB) is associated with excessive pre-harvest fruit drop. To understand the mechanisms of the HLB-associated fruit abscission, transcriptomes were analyzed by RNA sequencing of calyx abscission zones (AZ-C) of dropped "Hamlin" oranges from HLB-diseased trees upon shaking the trees (Dd), retained oranges on diseased trees (Rd), dropped oranges from healthy shaken trees (Dh), and retained oranges on healthy trees (Rh). Cluster analysis of transcripts indicated that Dd had the largest distances from all other groups. Comparisons of transcriptomes revealed 1047, 1599, 813, and 764 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between Dd/Rd, Dd/Dh, Dh/Rh, and Rd/Rh. The gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses indicated hormone signaling, defense response, and secondary metabolism were involved in HLB-associated fruit abscission. Ethylene (ET) and jasmonic acid (JA) synthesis/signaling-related genes were upregulated in Dd, while other phytohormone-related genes were generally downregulated. In addition, genes related to JA/ET-activated defense response were upregulated in Dd as well. Consistent with the phytohormone gene expression data, increased levels (p < 0.05) of ET and JA, and a decreased level (p < 0.05) of abscisic acid were found in Dd compared with Rd, Dh or Rh. Lasiodiploidia theobromae level in Dd AZ-C was higher than the other fruit types, confirmed by qPCR, indicating AZ-C secondary fungal infection of HLB fruit may exacerbate their abscission. This information will help formulate effective strategies to control HLB-related abscission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- USDA/ARS Horticultural Research Laboratory, 2001 South Rock Road, Fort Pierce, FL 34945 USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Baldwin
- USDA/ARS Horticultural Research Laboratory, 2001 South Rock Road, Fort Pierce, FL 34945 USA
| | - Jinhe Bai
- USDA/ARS Horticultural Research Laboratory, 2001 South Rock Road, Fort Pierce, FL 34945 USA
| | - Anne Plotto
- USDA/ARS Horticultural Research Laboratory, 2001 South Rock Road, Fort Pierce, FL 34945 USA
| | - Mike Irey
- Southern Gardens Citrus Nursery, 111 Ponce de Leon Avenue, Clewiston, FL 33440 USA
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80
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Tranbarger TJ, Domonhédo H, Cazemajor M, Dubreuil C, Fischer U, Morcillo F. The PIP Peptide of INFLORESCENCE DEFICIENT IN ABSCISSION Enhances Populus Leaf and Elaeis guineensis Fruit Abscission. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 8:E143. [PMID: 31151222 PMCID: PMC6630328 DOI: 10.3390/plants8060143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The programmed loss of a plant organ is called abscission, which is an important cell separation process that occurs with different organs throughout the life of a plant. The use of floral organ abscission in Arabidopsis thaliana as a model has allowed greater understanding of the complexities of organ abscission, but whether the regulatory pathways are conserved throughout the plant kingdom and for all organ abscission types is unknown. One important pathway that has attracted much attention involves a peptide ligand-receptor signalling system that consists of the secreted peptide IDA (INFLORESCENCE DEFICIENT IN ABSCISSION) and at least two leucine-rich repeat (LRR) receptor-like kinases (RLK), HAESA (HAE) and HAESA-LIKE2 (HSL2). In the current study we examine the bioactive potential of IDA peptides in two different abscission processes, leaf abscission in Populus and ripe fruit abscission in oil palm, and find in both cases treatment with IDA peptides enhances cell separation and abscission of both organ types. Our results provide evidence to suggest that the IDA-HAE-HSL2 pathway is conserved and functions in these phylogenetically divergent dicot and monocot species during both leaf and fruit abscission, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy John Tranbarger
- UMR DIADE, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Université de Montpellier, 34394 Montpellier, France.
- Ecology and Genetics Laboratory, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador (PUCE), 17-01-21-84 Quito, Ecuador.
| | | | - Michel Cazemajor
- CRAPP, INRAB, BP 1 Pobè, Benin.
- PalmElit SAS, F-34980 Montferrier-sur-Lez, France.
| | - Carole Dubreuil
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden.
- DRT DPACA, CEA Tech Cadarache, 13108 Saint Paul Lez Durance, France.
| | - Urs Fischer
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden.
- KWS SAAT SE, RD-BT, 37574 Einbeck, Germany.
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Kućko A, Wilmowicz E, Ostrowski M. Spatio-temporal IAA gradient is determined by interactions with ET and governs flower abscission. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 236:51-60. [PMID: 30878877 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2019.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Revised: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The abscission zone (AZ) is a specialized tissue that usually develops at the base of an organ and is highly sensitive to phytohormones, e.g., abscisic acid (ABA), ethylene (ET), and gibberellins (GAs). A current model of organ abscission assumes that the formation of an auxin gradient around the AZ area determines the time of shedding; however, that thesis is supported by studies that are primarily concerned with auxin transporters. To better understand the events underlying the progression of abscission, we focused for the first time on indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) distribution following AZ activation. We performed a series of immunolocalization studies in proximal and distal regions of floral AZ cells in yellow lupine, which is an agriculturally important legume. The examined phytohormone was abundant in natural active AZ cells, as well as above and below parts of this structure. A similar gradient of IAA was observed during the early steps of abscission, which was induced artificially by flower removal. Surprisingly, IAA was not detected in inactive AZ cells. This paper is also a consequence of our comprehensive studies concerning the phytohormonal regulation of flower abscission in yellow lupine. We present new data on interactions between IAA and ET, previously pointed out as a strong modulator of flower separation. The detailed analysis shows that disruption of the natural auxin gradient around the AZ area through the application of synthetic IAA had a positive effect on ET biosynthesis genes. We proved that these changes are accompanied by an accumulation of the ET precursor. On the other hand, exposure to ET significantly affected IAA localization in the whole AZ area in a time-dependent manner. Our results provide insight into the existence of a spatio-temporal sequential pattern of the IAA gradient related to the abscission process; this pattern is maintained by interactions with ET. We present new valuable evidence for the existence of conservative mechanisms that regulate generative organ separation and can help to improve the yield of agronomically significant species in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Kućko
- Chair of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 1 LwowskaStreet, 87-100, Toruń, Poland; Chair of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk, 59 Wita Stwosza, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Emilia Wilmowicz
- Chair of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 1 LwowskaStreet, 87-100, Toruń, Poland.
| | - Maciej Ostrowski
- Department of Biochemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 1 LwowskaStreet, 87-100, Toruń, Poland.
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82
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Sawicki M, Rondeau M, Courteaux B, Rabenoelina F, Guerriero G, Gomès E, Soubigou-Taconnat L, Balzergue S, Clément C, Ait Barka E, Vaillant-Gaveau N, Jacquard C. On a Cold Night: Transcriptomics of Grapevine Flower Unveils Signal Transduction and Impacted Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1130. [PMID: 30841651 PMCID: PMC6429367 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Low temperature is a critical environmental factor limiting plant productivity, especially in northern vineyards. To clarify the impact of this stress on grapevine flower, we used the Vitis array based on Roche-NimbleGen technology to investigate the gene expression of flowers submitted to a cold night. Our objectives were to identify modifications in the transcript levels after stress and during recovery. Consequently, our results confirmed some mechanisms known in grapes or other plants in response to cold stress, notably, (1) the pivotal role of calcium/calmodulin-mediated signaling; (2) the over-expression of sugar transporters and some genes involved in plant defense (especially in carbon metabolism), and (3) the down-regulation of genes encoding galactinol synthase (GOLS), pectate lyases, or polygalacturonases. We also identified some mechanisms not yet known to be involved in the response to cold stress, i.e., (1) the up-regulation of genes encoding G-type lectin S-receptor-like serine threonine-protein kinase, pathogen recognition receptor (PRR5), or heat-shock factors among others; (2) the down-regulation of Myeloblastosis (MYB)-related transcription factors and the Constans-like zinc finger family; and (3) the down-regulation of some genes encoding Pathogen-Related (PR)-proteins. Taken together, our results revealed interesting features and potentially valuable traits associated with stress responses in the grapevine flower. From a long-term perspective, our study provides useful starting points for future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélodie Sawicki
- Unité de Recherche Résistance Induite et Bioprotection des Plantes-EA 4707, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Moulin de la Housse-Bâtiment 18, BP 1039, 51687 REIMS Cedex 2, France.
| | - Marine Rondeau
- Unité de Recherche Résistance Induite et Bioprotection des Plantes-EA 4707, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Moulin de la Housse-Bâtiment 18, BP 1039, 51687 REIMS Cedex 2, France.
| | - Barbara Courteaux
- Unité de Recherche Résistance Induite et Bioprotection des Plantes-EA 4707, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Moulin de la Housse-Bâtiment 18, BP 1039, 51687 REIMS Cedex 2, France.
| | - Fanja Rabenoelina
- Unité de Recherche Résistance Induite et Bioprotection des Plantes-EA 4707, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Moulin de la Housse-Bâtiment 18, BP 1039, 51687 REIMS Cedex 2, France.
| | - Gea Guerriero
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, 41 rue du Brill, L- 4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg.
| | - Eric Gomès
- Institute of Vine and Wine Sciences, UMR 1287 Ecophysiology and Grape Functional Genomics, University of Bordeaux, INRA 210 Chemin de Leysotte - CS 50008, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon CEDEX, France.
| | - Ludivine Soubigou-Taconnat
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris Saclay IPS2, CNRS, INRA, Université Paris-Sud, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment 630, 91405 Orsay, France.
| | - Sandrine Balzergue
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris Saclay IPS2, CNRS, INRA, Université Paris-Sud, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment 630, 91405 Orsay, France.
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay IPS2, Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Bâtiment 630, 91405, Orsay, France.
- IRHS, INRA, AGROCAMPUS-Ouest, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QUASAV, 42 rue Georges Morel, 49071 Beaucouzé CEDEX, France.
| | - Christophe Clément
- Unité de Recherche Résistance Induite et Bioprotection des Plantes-EA 4707, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Moulin de la Housse-Bâtiment 18, BP 1039, 51687 REIMS Cedex 2, France.
| | - Essaïd Ait Barka
- Unité de Recherche Résistance Induite et Bioprotection des Plantes-EA 4707, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Moulin de la Housse-Bâtiment 18, BP 1039, 51687 REIMS Cedex 2, France.
| | - Nathalie Vaillant-Gaveau
- Unité de Recherche Résistance Induite et Bioprotection des Plantes-EA 4707, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Moulin de la Housse-Bâtiment 18, BP 1039, 51687 REIMS Cedex 2, France.
| | - Cédric Jacquard
- Unité de Recherche Résistance Induite et Bioprotection des Plantes-EA 4707, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Moulin de la Housse-Bâtiment 18, BP 1039, 51687 REIMS Cedex 2, France.
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83
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Quantitative Analysis of Floral Organ Abscission in Arabidopsis Via a Petal Breakstrength Assay. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1744:81-88. [PMID: 29392657 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7672-0_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Petal breakstrength (pBS) is a method to study floral organ abscission by quantitating the force required to pull a petal from the receptacle. However, it is only well established in some labs and used in a subset of abscission studies. Here, we describe the mechanism and operation of the pBS meter, as well as detailed measurement and further data analysis. We show that it is a powerful tool to detect early or delayed floral organ abscission in mutant or transgenic plants, which is not easily detected by phenotypic investigation.
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84
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Marciniak K, Kućko A, Wilmowicz E, Świdziński M, Przedniczek K, Kopcewicz J. Gibberellic acid affects the functioning of the flower abscission zone in Lupinus luteus via cooperation with the ethylene precursor independently of abscisic acid. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 229:170-174. [PMID: 30114566 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2018.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The abscission of plant organs is a phytohormone-controlled process. Our study provides new insight into the involvement of gibberellic acid (GA3) in the functioning of the flower abscission zone (AZ) in yellow lupine (Lupinus luteus L.). Physiological studies demonstrated that GA3 stimulated flower abortion. Additionally, this phytohormone was abundantly presented in the AZ cells of naturally abscised flowers, especially in vascular bundles. Interesting interactions among GA3 and other modulators of flower separation were also investigated. GA3 accumulated after treatment with the ethylene (ET) precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC). Abscisic acid (ABA) treatment did not cause such an effect. Furthermore, the expression of the newly identified LlGA20ox1 and LlGA2ox1 genes encoding 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases fluctuated after ACC or ABA treatment which confirmed the existence of regulatory crosstalk. GA3 appears to cooperate with the ET precursor in the regulation of AZ function in L. luteus flowers; however, the presented mechanism is ABA-independent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Marciniak
- Chair of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology,Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; Center for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Wileńska 4, 87-100 Toruń, Poland.
| | - Agata Kućko
- Chair of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology,Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland.
| | - Emilia Wilmowicz
- Chair of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology,Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland.
| | - Michał Świdziński
- Department of Cell Biology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Przedniczek
- Chair of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology,Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland.
| | - Jan Kopcewicz
- Chair of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology,Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland.
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85
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Xie R, Ge T, Zhang J, Pan X, Ma Y, Yi S, Zheng Y. The molecular events of IAA inhibiting citrus fruitlet abscission revealed by digital gene expression profiling. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2018; 130:192-204. [PMID: 29990772 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Citrus fruits possess two abscission zones (AZ), AZ A and AZ C located at the pedicel and calyx, respectively. Early citrus fruitlet abscission (CFA) exclusively occurs at AZ A. Previous data have shown that indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) could inhibit fruitlet abscission. However, its role in CFA remains vague. In this study, we first removed the ovaries of fruitlets in order to exclude their interferences. Then, the calyxes were treated with IAA, gibberellin 3 (GA3) and 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA), respectively. The results have shown that IAA could prevent CFA from taking place, while either GA3 or 6-BA could not. When IAA concentration decreased to a value between 30 mg/L and 40 mg/L, CFA occurred, showing a concentration-dependent manner. Digital gene expression analysis revealed that 2317 corresponded to IAA treatment, of which 1226 genes were closely related to CFA. The most affected genes included those related to biosynthesis, transport and signaling of phytohormones, primarily ethylene (ET), abscisic acid (ABA) and auxin as well as protein ubiquitination, ROS response, calcium signal transduction, cell wall and transcription factors (TFs). The results obtained in this study suggested that the IAA in AZ A could suppress ethylene biosynthesis and signaling, and then inhibit abscission signaling. To our knowledge, it is the first time to reveal the key role of IAA in CFA, which will contribute to a better understanding for the mechanism underlying CFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rangjin Xie
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China.
| | - Ting Ge
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Xiaoting Pan
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Yanyan Ma
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Shilai Yi
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Yongqiang Zheng
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
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86
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Pod Shattering: A Homologous Series of Variation Underlying Domestication and an Avenue for Crop Improvement. AGRONOMY-BASEL 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy8080137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In wild habitats, fruit dehiscence is a critical strategy for seed dispersal; however, in cultivated crops it is one of the major sources of yield loss. Therefore, indehiscence of fruits, pods, etc., was likely to be one of the first traits strongly selected in crop domestication. Even with the historical selection against dehiscence in early domesticates, it is a trait still targeted in many breeding programs, particularly in minor or underutilized crops. Here, we review dehiscence in pulse (grain legume) crops, which are of growing importance as a source of protein in human and livestock diets, and which have received less attention than cereal crops and the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. We specifically focus on the (i) history of indehiscence in domestication across legumes, (ii) structures and the mechanisms involved in shattering, (iii) the molecular pathways underlying this important trait, (iv) an overview of the extent of crop losses due to shattering, and the effects of environmental factors on shattering, and, (v) efforts to reduce shattering in crops. While our focus is mainly pulse crops, we also included comparisons to crucifers and cereals because there is extensive research on shattering in these taxa.
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87
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Kim J, Yang R, Chang C, Park Y, Tucker ML. The root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita produces a functional mimic of the Arabidopsis INFLORESCENCE DEFICIENT IN ABSCISSION signaling peptide. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:3009-3021. [PMID: 29648636 PMCID: PMC5972575 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
INFLORESCENCE DEFICIENT IN ABSCISSION (IDA) is a signaling peptide that regulates cell separation in Arabidopsis including floral organ abscission and lateral root emergence. IDA is highly conserved in dicotyledonous flowering plant genomes. IDA-like sequences were also found in the genomic sequences of root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp., which are globally deleterious pathogens of agriculturally important plants, but the role of these genes is unknown. Exogenous treatment of the Arabidopsis ida mutant with synthetic peptide identical to the M. incognita IDA-like 1 (MiIDL1) protein sequence minus its N-terminal signal peptide recovered both the abscission and root architecture defects. Constitutive expression of the full-length MiIDL1 open reading frame in the ida mutant substantially recovered the delayed floral organ abscission phenotype whereas transformants expressing a construct missing the MiIDL1 signal peptide retained the delayed abscission phenotype. Importantly, wild-type Arabidopsis plants harboring an MiIDL1-RNAi construct and infected with nematodes had approximately 40% fewer galls per root than control plants. Thus, the MiIDL1 gene produces a functional IDA mimic that appears to play a role in successful gall development on Arabidopsis roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joonyup Kim
- Soybean Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Bioscience Research Bldg, University of Maryland, MD, USA
- Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Department of Horticulture Bioscience, Pusan National University, Miryang, Republic of Korea
| | - Ronghui Yang
- Soybean Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Caren Chang
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Bioscience Research Bldg, University of Maryland, MD, USA
| | - Younghoon Park
- Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Department of Horticulture Bioscience, Pusan National University, Miryang, Republic of Korea
| | - Mark L Tucker
- Soybean Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD, USA
- Correspondence:
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88
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Pickersgill B. Parallel vs. Convergent Evolution in Domestication and Diversification of Crops in the Americas. Front Ecol Evol 2018. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2018.00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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89
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Lee Y, Yoon TH, Lee J, Jeon SY, Lee JH, Lee MK, Chen H, Yun J, Oh SY, Wen X, Cho HK, Mang H, Kwak JM. A Lignin Molecular Brace Controls Precision Processing of Cell Walls Critical for Surface Integrity in Arabidopsis. Cell 2018; 173:1468-1480.e9. [PMID: 29731167 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.03.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The cell wall, a defining feature of plants, provides a rigid structure critical for bonding cells together. To overcome this physical constraint, plants must process cell wall linkages during growth and development. However, little is known about the mechanism guiding cell-cell detachment and cell wall remodeling. Here, we identify two neighboring cell types in Arabidopsis that coordinate their activities to control cell wall processing, thereby ensuring precise abscission to discard organs. One cell type produces a honeycomb structure of lignin, which acts as a mechanical "brace" to localize cell wall breakdown and spatially limit abscising cells. The second cell type undergoes transdifferentiation into epidermal cells, forming protective cuticle, demonstrating de novo specification of epidermal cells, previously thought to be restricted to embryogenesis. Loss of the lignin brace leads to inadequate cuticle formation, resulting in surface barrier defects and susceptible to infection. Together, we show how plants precisely accomplish abscission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuree Lee
- Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea.
| | - Taek Han Yoon
- Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoun Lee
- Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - So Yeon Jeon
- Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Ho Lee
- Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Kyoung Lee
- Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Huize Chen
- Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Yun
- Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Yun Oh
- Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiaohong Wen
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Hui Kyung Cho
- Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunggon Mang
- Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - June M Kwak
- Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea; Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea.
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90
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Yang H, Kim HJ, Chen H, Lu Y, Lu X, Wang C, Zhou B. Reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide induce senescence of rudimentary leaves and the expression profiles of the related genes in Litchi chinensis. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2018; 5:23. [PMID: 29736248 PMCID: PMC5928110 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-018-0029-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Litchi is one of the most important subtropical evergreen fruit trees in southern Asia. Previous studies indicated that high-temperature conditions encourage growth of rudimentary leaves in panicles and suppress flowering. We have demonstrated that methyl viologen dichloride hydrate (MV) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) promoted flowering in litchi partially by inhibiting the growth of rudimentary leaves via reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO). In the present study, we examined the microstructure and ultrastructure, programmed cell death (PCD) ratio, nuclei morphology of the rudimentary leaves, and the expression of senescence-related genes after the treatment with ROS or NO. The results showed that chromatins of the ROS- or NO-treated cells in the rudimentary leaves were condensed. Fusion of the cytoplasm-digesting vesicles with the vacuole and degradation of cytoplasm forming scattered debris were found in those of the treated cells. Treatment with ROS or NO increased the cell PCD ratio. Morphology of the nuclei stained by propidium iodide (PI) showed that nuclei shape became irregular after the ROS or NO treatment. Further, the expression levels of LcRboh, LcMC-1-like, and LcPirin were higher in the ROS- and NO-treated rudimentary leaves than those in the control ones, suggesting that these genes may be involved in the ROS and NO-induced senescence and abscission of the rudimentary leaves in litchi. Our results suggested that ROS and NO play an important role in inducing the senescence of the rudimentary leaves, and ROS- and NO-induced PCD may be involved in the regulation of the rudimentary leaf growth in litchi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifang Yang
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Hye-Ji Kim
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2010 USA
| | - Houbin Chen
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Yong Lu
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Xingyu Lu
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Congcong Wang
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Biyan Zhou
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
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91
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Bevacqua D, Quilot-Turion B, Bolzoni L. A Model for Temporal Dynamics of Brown Rot Spreading in Fruit Orchards. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2018; 108:595-601. [PMID: 29182471 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-07-17-0250-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Brown rot, caused by Monilinia spp., is a major disease of stone fruit and, in favorable environmental conditions and in the absence of fungicide treatments, it causes important economic losses. In the present work, we propose a modification of classical susceptible, exposed, infectious and removed compartmental models to grasp the peculiarities of the progression of brown rot epidemics in stone fruit orchards in the last stage of the fruit growth (i.e., from the end of the pit hardening to harvest time). Namely, we took into account (i) the lifespan of airborne spores; (ii) the dependence of the latent period on the cuticle crack surface area, which itself varies in time with fruit growth; (iii) the impossibility of recovery in infectious fruit; and (iv) the abrupt interruption of disease development by the elimination of the host fruit at harvest time. We parametrized the model by using field data from a peach Prunus persica orchard infected by Monilinia laxa and M. fructicola in Avignon (southern France). The basic reproduction number indicates that the environmental conditions met in the field were extremely favorable to disease development and the model closely fitted the temporal evolution of the fruit abundance in the different epidemiological compartments. The model permits us to highlight crucial mechanisms undergoing brown rot build up and to evaluate the consequences of different agricultural practices on the quantity and quality of the yield. We found that winter sanitation practices (which decrease the initial infection incidence) and the control of the fruit load (which affects the host fruit density and the single fruit growth trajectory) can be effective in controlling brown rot in conjunction with or in place of fungicide treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Bevacqua
- First author: UR 1115 Plantes et Systèmes de culture Horticoles, INRA, Avignon, France; second author: UR 1052 Génétique et Amélioration des Fruits et Légumes, INRA, Avignon, France; and third author: Risk Analysis Unit, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, Parma, Italy
| | - Bènèdicte Quilot-Turion
- First author: UR 1115 Plantes et Systèmes de culture Horticoles, INRA, Avignon, France; second author: UR 1052 Génétique et Amélioration des Fruits et Légumes, INRA, Avignon, France; and third author: Risk Analysis Unit, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, Parma, Italy
| | - Luca Bolzoni
- First author: UR 1115 Plantes et Systèmes de culture Horticoles, INRA, Avignon, France; second author: UR 1052 Génétique et Amélioration des Fruits et Légumes, INRA, Avignon, France; and third author: Risk Analysis Unit, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, Parma, Italy
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92
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GA 3 application in grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) modulates different sets of genes at cluster emergence, full bloom, and berry stage as revealed by RNA sequence-based transcriptome analysis. Funct Integr Genomics 2018; 18:439-455. [PMID: 29626310 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-018-0605-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In grapes (Vitis vinifera L.), exogenous gibberellic acid (GA3) is applied at different stages of bunch development to achieve desirable bunch shape and berry size in seedless grapes used for table purpose. RNA sequence-based transcriptome analysis was used to understand the mechanism of GA3 action at cluster emergence, full bloom, and berry stage in table grape variety Thompson Seedless. At cluster emergence, rachis samples were collected at 6 and 24 h after application of GA3, whereas flower clusters and berry samples were collected at 6, 24, and 48 h after application at full bloom and 3-4 mm berry stages. Seven hundred thirty-three genes were differentially expressed in GA3-treated samples. At rachis and flower cluster stage respectively, 126 and 264 genes were found to be significantly differentially expressed within 6 h of GA3 application. The number of DEG reduced considerably at 24 h. However, at berry stage, major changes occurred even at 24 h and a number of DEGs at 6 and 24 h were 174 and 191, respectively. As compared to upregulated genes, larger numbers of genes were downregulated. Stage-specific response to the GA3 application was observed as evident from the unique set of DEGs at each stage and only a few common genes among three stages. Among the DEGs, 67 were transcription factors. Functional categorization and enrichment analysis revealed that several transcripts involved in sucrose and hexose metabolism, hormone and secondary metabolism, and abiotic and biotic stimuli were enriched in response to application of GA3. A high correlation was recorded for real-time PCR and transcriptome data for selected DEGs, thus indicating the robustness of transcriptome data obtained in this study for understanding the GA3 response at different stages of berry development in grape. Chromosomal localization of DEGs and identification of polymorphic microsatellite markers in selected genes have potential for their use in breeding for varieties with improved bunch architecture.
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93
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Shi CL, Butenko MA. Visualizing Morphological Changes of Abscission Zone Cells in Arabidopsis by Scanning Electron Microscope. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1744:321-328. [PMID: 29392677 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7672-0_26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Scanning electron microscope (SEM) is a type of electron microscope which produces detailed images of surface structures. It has been widely used in plants and animals to study cellular structures. Here, we describe a detailed protocol to prepare samples of floral abscission zones (AZs) for SEM, as well as further image analysis. We show that it is a powerful tool to detect morphologic changes at the cellular level during the course of abscission in wild-type plants and to establish the details of phenotypic alteration in abscission mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Lin Shi
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Melinka A Butenko
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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94
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Sundaresan S, Philosoph-Hadas S, Ma C, Jiang CZ, Riov J, Mugasimangalam R, Kochanek B, Salim S, Reid MS, Meir S. The Tomato Hybrid Proline-rich Protein regulates the abscission zone competence to respond to ethylene signals. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2018; 5:28. [PMID: 29872533 PMCID: PMC5981600 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-018-0033-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The Tomato Hybrid Proline-rich Protein (THyPRP) gene was specifically expressed in the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) flower abscission zone (FAZ), and its stable antisense silencing under the control of an abscission zone (AZ)-specific promoter, Tomato Abscission Polygalacturonase4, significantly inhibited tomato pedicel abscission following flower removal. For understanding the THyPRP role in regulating pedicel abscission, a transcriptomic analysis of the FAZ of THyPRP-silenced plants was performed, using a newly developed AZ-specific tomato microarray chip. Decreased expression of THyPRP in the silenced plants was already observed before abscission induction, resulting in FAZ-specific altered gene expression of transcription factors, epigenetic modifiers, post-translational regulators, and transporters. Our data demonstrate that the effect of THyPRP silencing on pedicel abscission was not mediated by its effect on auxin balance, but by decreased ethylene biosynthesis and response. Additionally, THyPRP silencing revealed new players, which were demonstrated for the first time to be involved in regulating pedicel abscission processes. These include: gibberellin perception, Ca2+-Calmodulin signaling, Serpins and Small Ubiquitin-related Modifier proteins involved in post-translational modifications, Synthaxin and SNARE-like proteins, which participate in exocytosis, a process necessary for cell separation. These changes, occurring in the silenced plants early after flower removal, inhibited and/or delayed the acquisition of the competence of the FAZ cells to respond to ethylene signaling. Our results suggest that THyPRP acts as a master regulator of flower abscission in tomato, predominantly by playing a role in the regulation of the FAZ cell competence to respond to ethylene signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srivignesh Sundaresan
- Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZiyon, Israel
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
- Present Address: Department of Nano Science and Technology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Sonia Philosoph-Hadas
- Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZiyon, Israel
| | - Chao Ma
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA USA
- Present Address: Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Cai-Zhong Jiang
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA USA
- Crops Pathology & Genetic Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Davis, CA USA
| | - Joseph Riov
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Raja Mugasimangalam
- Department of Bioinformatics, QTLomics Technologies Pvt. Ltd, Bangalore, India
| | - Betina Kochanek
- Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZiyon, Israel
| | - Shoshana Salim
- Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZiyon, Israel
| | - Michael S. Reid
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA USA
| | - Shimon Meir
- Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZiyon, Israel
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95
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SlPIN1 regulates auxin efflux to affect flower abscission process. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14919. [PMID: 29097804 PMCID: PMC5668252 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15072-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Solanum lycopersicum PIN-FORMED1 (SlPIN1), a major auxin efflux facilitator, contributes to the establishment of auxin maxima during organ initiation and development in tomato. However, the functions of SlPIN1 during organ abscission remain unclear. In our study, SlPIN1 expression decreased immediately after flower removal and increased following IAA treatment, indicating a high sensitivity to auxin depletion. 1-MCP (an ethylene inhibitor) delayed abscission and down-regulated SlPIN1, indicating that ethylene may positively regulate SlPIN1 and that low expression levels of SlPIN1 may delay abscission. The SlPIN1 protein levels were not consistent with the expression pattern, implying that in addition to transcription, protein degradation also affects SlPIN1 levels during abscission. The phosphorylation of SlPIN1 at Ser418, which significantly declined during abscission, was found to play roles in SlPIN1 localization and auxin transport. We also identified the interaction proteins of SlPIN1, which were involved in phosphorylation and ubiquitylation. Therefore, complex mechanisms mediate SlPIN1 auxin transport capability during abscission. The silencing of SlPIN1 expression accelerated abscission by increasing auxin accumulation in the ovary and decreasing the auxin content in the abscission zone (AZ), indicating that SlPIN1 plays a major role in mediating auxin source-sink transport and the establishment and maintenance of auxin maxima in the AZ.
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96
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Denisov Y, Glick S, Zviran T, Ish-Shalom M, Levin A, Faigenboim A, Cohen Y, Irihimovitch V. Distinct organ-specific and temporal expression profiles of auxin-related genes during mango fruitlet drop. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2017; 115:439-448. [PMID: 28456120 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In mango, fruitlet abscission initiates with a decrease in polar auxin transport through the abscission zone (AZ), triggered by ethylene. To explore the molecular components affecting this process, we initially conducted experiments with developing fruitlet explants in which fruitlet drop was induced by ethephon, and monitored the expression patterns of distinct indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)-related genes, comparing control vs. ethephon-treated pericarp and AZ profiles. Over the examined time period (48 h), the accumulation of MiPIN1 and MiLAX2 IAA-efflux and influx genes decreased in both control and treated tissues. Nevertheless, ethephon-treated tissues displayed significantly lower levels of these transcripts within 18-24 h. An opposite pattern was observed for MiLAX3, which overall exhibited up-regulation in treated fruitlet tissues. Ethephon treatment also induced an early and pronounced down-regulation of five out of six IAA-responsive genes, and a substantial reduction in the accumulation of two IAA-synthesis related transcripts, contrasting with significant up-regulation of Gretchen Hagen3 transcript (MiGH3.1) encoding an IAA-amino synthetase. Furthermore, for both control and treated AZ, the decrease in IAA-carrier transcripts was associated with a decrease in IAA content and an increase in IAA-Asp:IAA ratio, suggesting that fruitlet drop is accompanied by formation of this non-hydrolyzed IAA-amino acid conjugate. Despite these similarities, ethephon-treated AZ displayed a sharper decrease in IAA content and higher IAA-Asp:IAA ratio within 18 h. Lastly, the response of IAA-related genes to exogenous IAA treatment was also examined. Our results are discussed, highlighting the roles that distinct IAA-related genes might assume during mango fruitlet drop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youlia Denisov
- Institute of Plant Sciences, The Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Bet-Dagan 50250, Israel
| | - Shani Glick
- Institute of Plant Sciences, The Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Bet-Dagan 50250, Israel; Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Tali Zviran
- Institute of Plant Sciences, The Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Bet-Dagan 50250, Israel
| | - Mazal Ish-Shalom
- Institute of Plant Sciences, The Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Bet-Dagan 50250, Israel
| | - Adolfo Levin
- Migal - Galilee Technology Center, P.O. Box 831, Kiryat Shemona 11016, Israel
| | - Adi Faigenboim
- Institute of Plant Sciences, The Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Bet-Dagan 50250, Israel
| | - Yuval Cohen
- Institute of Plant Sciences, The Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Bet-Dagan 50250, Israel
| | - Vered Irihimovitch
- Institute of Plant Sciences, The Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Bet-Dagan 50250, Israel.
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97
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Glazinska P, Wojciechowski W, Kulasek M, Glinkowski W, Marciniak K, Klajn N, Kesy J, Kopcewicz J. De novo Transcriptome Profiling of Flowers, Flower Pedicels and Pods of Lupinus luteus (Yellow Lupine) Reveals Complex Expression Changes during Organ Abscission. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:641. [PMID: 28512462 PMCID: PMC5412092 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Yellow lupine (Lupinus luteus L., Taper c.), a member of the legume family (Fabaceae L.), has an enormous practical importance. Its excessive flower and pod abscission represents an economic drawback, as proper flower and seed formation and development is crucial for the plant's productivity. Generative organ detachment takes place at the basis of the pedicels, within a specialized group of cells collectively known as the abscission zone (AZ). During plant growth these cells become competent to respond to specific signals that trigger separation and lead to the abolition of cell wall adhesion. Little is known about the molecular network controlling the yellow lupine organ abscission. The aim of our study was to establish the divergences and similarities in transcriptional networks in the pods, flowers and flower pedicels abscised or maintained on the plant, and to identify genes playing key roles in generative organ abscission in yellow lupine. Based on de novo transcriptome assembly, we identified 166,473 unigenes representing 219,514 assembled unique transcripts from flowers, flower pedicels and pods undergoing abscission and from control organs. Comparison of the cDNA libraries from dropped and control organs helped in identifying 1,343, 2,933 and 1,491 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the flowers, flower pedicels and pods, respectively. In DEG analyses, we focused on genes involved in phytohormonal regulation, cell wall functioning and metabolic pathways. Our results indicate that auxin, ethylene and gibberellins are some of the main factors engaged in generative organ abscission. Identified 28 DEGs common for all library comparisons are involved in cell wall functioning, protein metabolism, water homeostasis and stress response. Interestingly, among the common DEGs we also found an miR169 precursor, which is the first evidence of micro RNA engaged in abscission. A KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed that the identified DEGs were predominantly involved in carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism, but some other pathways were also targeted. This study represents the first comprehensive transcriptome-based characterization of organ abscission in L. luteus and provides a valuable data source not only for understanding the abscission signaling pathway in yellow lupine, but also for further research aimed at improving crop yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Glazinska
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Nicolaus Copernicus UniversityTorun, Poland
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus UniversityTorun, Poland
| | - Waldemar Wojciechowski
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Nicolaus Copernicus UniversityTorun, Poland
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus UniversityTorun, Poland
| | - Milena Kulasek
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Nicolaus Copernicus UniversityTorun, Poland
| | - Wojciech Glinkowski
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Nicolaus Copernicus UniversityTorun, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Marciniak
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Nicolaus Copernicus UniversityTorun, Poland
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus UniversityTorun, Poland
| | - Natalia Klajn
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Nicolaus Copernicus UniversityTorun, Poland
| | - Jacek Kesy
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Nicolaus Copernicus UniversityTorun, Poland
| | - Jan Kopcewicz
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Nicolaus Copernicus UniversityTorun, Poland
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98
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Zhao X, Xie W, Zhang J, Zhang Z, Wang Y. Histological Characteristics, Cell Wall Hydrolytic Enzymes Activity and Candidate Genes Expression Associated with Seed Shattering of Elymus sibiricus Accessions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:606. [PMID: 28469634 PMCID: PMC5395624 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Elymus sibiricus (siberian wildrye) is a perennial, cool-season, self-pollinating, and allotetraploid grass. As an economically important species, it has been widely grown and used for pasture and hay in northern China. Because of serious seed shattering (SS), however, E. sibiricus is difficult to grow for commercial seed production. To better understand the underlying mechanism of SS, we investigated the differences in SS of cultivars and wild accessions in relation to morphological and genetic diversity, histological characteristics, lignin staining, cell wall hydrolytic enzymes activity and candidate genes expressions. We found high level of morphological and genetic diversity among E. sibiricus accessions. In general, cultivars had higher average pedicel breaking tensile strength (BTS) value than wild accessions, of which PI655199 had the highest average BTS value (144.51 gf) and LQ04 had the lowest average BTS value (47.17 gf) during seed development. SS showed a significant correlation with seed length, awn length and 1000-seed weight. SS was caused by degradation of abscission layers that formed at early heading stage, and degradation of abscission layers occurred at 14 days after heading. Histological analysis of abscission zone (AZ) showed a smooth fracture surface on the rachilla in high SS genotype, suggesting higher degradation degree of abscission layers. This may resulted from the increased cellulase and polygalacturonase activity found in AZ at seed physiological maturity. Staining of pedicels of two contrasting genotypes suggested more lignin deposition in low SS genotype may play a role in resistance of SS. Furthermore, candidate genes that involved in cell wall-degrading enzyme and lignin biosynthesis were differentially expressed in AZ, indicating the involvement and role in SS. This study provided novel insights into the mechanism of SS in E. sibiricus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wengang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou, China
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99
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Peng M, Ying P, Liu X, Li C, Xia R, Li J, Zhao M. Genome-Wide Identification of Histone Modifiers and Their Expression Patterns during Fruit Abscission in Litchi. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:639. [PMID: 28496451 PMCID: PMC5406457 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Modifications to histones, including acetylation and methylation processes, play crucial roles in the regulation of gene expression in plant development as well as in stress responses. However, limited information on the enzymes catalyzing histone acetylation and methylation in non-model plants is currently available. In this study, several histone modifier (HM) types, including six histone acetyltransferases (HATs), 11 histone deacetylases (HDACs), 48 histone methyltransferases (HMTs), and 22 histone demethylases (HDMs), are identified in litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn. cv. Feizixiao) based on similarities in their sequences to homologs in Arabidopsis (A. thaliana), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), and rice (Oryza sativa). Phylogenetic analyses reveal that HM enzymes can be grouped into four HAT, two HDAC, two HMT, and two HDM subfamilies, respectively, while further expression profile analyses demonstrate that 17 HMs were significantly altered during fruit abscission in two field treatments. Analyses reveal that these genes exhibit four distinct patterns of expression in response to fruit abscission, while an in vitro assay was used to confirm the HDAC activity of LcHDA2, LcHDA6, and LcSRT2. Our findings are the first in-depth analysis of HMs in the litchi genome, and imply that some are likely to play important roles in fruit abscission in this commercially important plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjun Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, China Litchi Research Center, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
- Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Peiyuan Ying
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, China Litchi Research Center, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
- Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Xuncheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou, China
| | - Caiqin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, China Litchi Research Center, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
- Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Rui Xia
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, China Litchi Research Center, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
- Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Jianguo Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, China Litchi Research Center, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
- Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jianguo Li
| | - Minglei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, China Litchi Research Center, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
- Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
- Minglei Zhao
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100
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Wahib W, Maingonnat JF, Fleury U, El-Maataoui M, Renard CM. Evolution of cherries texture in brine: Impact of harvest conditions during long-time storage. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2016.08.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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