51
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Alonso KW, Dahhan NZA, Riggs L, Tseng J, de Medeiros C, Scott M, Laughlin S, Bouffet E, Mabbott DJ. Network connectivity underlying episodic memory in children: Application of a pediatric brain tumor survivor injury model. Dev Sci 2024; 27:e13413. [PMID: 37218519 DOI: 10.1111/desc.13413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Episodic memory involves personal experiences paired with their context. The Medial Temporal, Posterior Medial, Anterior Temporal, and Medial Prefrontal networks have been found to support the hippocampus in episodic memory in adults. However, there lacks a model that captures how the structural and functional connections of these networks interact to support episodic memory processing in children. Using diffusion-weighted imaging, magnetoencephalography, and memory tests, we quantified differences in white matter microstructure, neural communication, and episodic memory performance, respectively, of healthy children (n = 23) and children with reduced memory performance. Pediatric brain tumor survivors (PBTS; n = 24) were used as a model, as they exhibit reduced episodic memory and perturbations in white matter and neural communication. We observed that PBTS, compared to healthy controls, showed significantly (p < 0.05) (1) disrupted white matter microstructure between these episodic memory networks through lower fractional anisotropy and higher mean and axial diffusivity, (2) perturbed theta band (4-7 Hz) oscillatory synchronization in these same networks through higher weighted phase lag indices (wPLI), and (3) lower episodic memory performance in the Transverse Patterning and Children's Memory Scale (CMS) tasks. Using partial-least squares path modeling, we found that brain tumor treatment predicted network white matter damage, which predicted inter-network theta hypersynchrony and lower verbal learning (directly) and lower verbal recall (indirectly via theta hypersynchrony). Novel to the literature, our findings suggest that white matter modulates episodic memory through effect on oscillatory synchronization within relevant brain networks. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Investigates the relationship between structural and functional connectivity of episodic memory networks in healthy children and pediatric brain tumor survivors Pediatric brain tumor survivors demonstrate disrupted episodic memory, white matter microstructure and theta oscillatory synchronization compared to healthy children Findings suggest white matter microstructure modulates episodic memory through effects on oscillatory synchronization within relevant episodic memory networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Wade Alonso
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Lily Riggs
- Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Julie Tseng
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Ming Scott
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | | | | | - Donald J Mabbott
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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52
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Laureano B, Irzan H, O'Reilly H, Ourselin S, Marlow N, Melbourne A. Myelination of preterm brain networks at adolescence. Magn Reson Imaging 2024; 105:114-124. [PMID: 37984490 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2023.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Prematurity and preterm stressors severely affect the development of infants born before 37 weeks of gestation, with increasing effects seen at earlier gestations. Although preterm mortality rates have declined due to the advances in neonatal care, disability rates, especially in middle-income settings, continue to grow. With the advances in MR imaging technology, there has been a focus on safely imaging the preterm brain to better understand its development and discover the brain regions and networks affected by prematurity. Such studies aim to support interventions and improve the neurodevelopment of preterm infants and deliver accurate prognoses. Few studies, however, have focused on the fully developed brain of preterm born infants, especially in extremely preterm subjects. To assess the long-term effect of prematurity on the adult brain, myelin related biomarkers such as myelin water fraction and g-ratio are measured for a cohort of 19-year-old extremely preterm born subjects. Using multi-modal imaging techniques that combine T2 relaxometry and neurite density information, the results show that specific brain regions associated with white matter injuries due to preterm birth, such as the posterior limb of the internal capsule and corpus callosum, are still less myelinated in adulthood. Furthermore, a weak positive relationship between myelin water fraction values and Full-Scale Intelligence Quotient (FSIQ) scores was found in multiple brain regions previously defined as less myelinated in the Extremely Preterm (EPT) cohort. These findings might suggest altered connectivity in the adult preterm brain and explain differences in cognitive outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Laureano
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, UK.
| | - Hassna Irzan
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, UK; Dept. of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - Helen O'Reilly
- Children's Disability Network Team, St. Michael's House, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sebastian Ourselin
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, UK; Dept. of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - Neil Marlow
- Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Andrew Melbourne
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, UK; Dept. of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
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53
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Simó M, Rodríguez-Fornells A, Navarro V, Navarro-Martín A, Nadal E, Bruna J. Mitigating radiation-induced cognitive toxicity in brain metastases: More questions than answers. Neurooncol Adv 2024; 6:vdae137. [PMID: 39247496 PMCID: PMC11379916 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdae137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The emergence of advanced systemic therapies added to the use of cranial radiation techniques has significantly improved outcomes for cancer patients with multiple brain metastases (BM), leading to a considerable increase in long-term survivors. In this context, the rise of radiation-induced cognitive toxicity (RICT) has become increasingly relevant. In this critical narrative review, we address the controversies arising from clinical trials aimed at mitigating RICT. We thoroughly examine interventions such as memantine, hippocampal avoidance irradiation during BM treatment or in a prophylactic setting, and the assessment of cognitive safety in stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). Our focus extends to recent neuroscience research findings, emphasizing the importance of preserving not only the hippocampal cortex but also other cortical regions involved in neural dynamic networks and their intricate role in encoding new memories. Despite treatment advancements, effectively managing patients with multiple BM and determining the optimal timing and integration of radiation and systemic treatments remain areas requiring further elucidation. Future trials are required to delineate optimal indications and ensure SRS safety. Additionally, the impact of new systemic therapies and the potential effects of delaying irradiation on cognitive functioning also need to be addressed. Inclusive trial designs, encompassing patients with multiple BM and accounting for diverse treatment scenarios, are essential for advancing effective strategies in managing RICT and the treatment of BM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Simó
- Cognition and Brain Plasticity Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL); Department of Cognition, Development and Educational Science, Campus Bellvitge, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Neuro-Oncology Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital - Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL) Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Rodríguez-Fornells
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies, ICREA, Barcelona, Spain
- Cognition and Brain Plasticity Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL); Department of Cognition, Development and Educational Science, Campus Bellvitge, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Valentín Navarro
- Department of Medical Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Arturo Navarro-Martín
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ernest Nadal
- Preclinical and Experimental Research in Thoracic Tumors (PReTT), Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology Program (Oncobell), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medical Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Bruna
- Neuro-Oncology Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital - Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL) Barcelona, Spain
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54
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Ning JW, Zang CX, Shang MY, Bao XQ, Zhang D. Natural products and their derivatives alleviating cerebral white matter lesions. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2024; 26:146-153. [PMID: 38419338 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2024.2301988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
White matter lesions (WMLs), characterized by focal demyelination or myelination disorders, are commonly present in cerebral small vessel disease and various neurological diseases. Multiple etiologies lead to WMLs. However, there is no specific therapy or effective drugs for relieving WMLs. Natural products and their derivatives originate from bacterial, fungal, plant, and marine animal sources, many of which have multiple therapeutic targets. Compared to single target compounds, natural products and their derivatives are promising to be developed as better drugs to attenuate WMLs. Thus, this review attempts to summarize the status of natural products and their derivatives (2010-to date) alleviating cerebral white matter lesions for the discovery of new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Wen Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Cai-Xia Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Mei-Yu Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiu-Qi Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
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55
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Tong T, Hao C, Shen J, Liu S, Yan S, Aslam MS, Chen Y, Chen W, Li J, Li Y, Zeng J, Li M, You Z, Gulizhaerkezi T, Wei S, Zhu A, Meng X. Electroacupuncture ameliorates chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced depression-like behavior and cognitive impairment through suppressing oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in rats. Brain Res Bull 2024; 206:110838. [PMID: 38123022 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2023.110838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is associated with lowered mood, anxiety, anhedonia, cognitive impairments, and even suicidal tendencies in severe cases. Yet few studies have directed acupuncture's mechanism toward enhancing axonal repair correlated with synaptic plasticity and anti-inflammatory effects related to oxidative stress in the hippocampus. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into control group (CON), chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) group, CUMS + electroacupuncture group (EA), and CUMS + fluoxetine group (FLX) (n = 10/group). Rats were given a 28-day treatment at the Shangxing (GV23) and Fengfu (GV16) acupoints with electroacupuncture or fluoxetine (2.1 mg/kg). RESULTS Rats exposed to CUMS induced depression-like behaviors and spatial learning-memory impairment, changed the ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (IBA-1), Vglut1, myelin basic protein (MBP), and postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95) level of hippocampal, increased the Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), atypical squamous cell (ASC), Caspase level and hippocampal reactive oxygen species (ROS), and prompted the activation of Epha4-mediated signaling and an inflammatory response. Conversely, electroacupuncture administration reduced these changes and prevented depression-like behaviors and cognitive impairment. Electroacupuncture also promoted hippocampal expression of Sirtuin1(SIRT1), Nuclear factor erythroid 2-like (Nrf2), Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1); reduced the expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-18 (IL-18), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α); and prevented neural damage, particularly the synaptic myelin sheath, and neuroinflammation by regulating Eph receptor A4 (EphA4) in the hippocampal. CONCLUSION These results indicate that electroacupuncture prevents depression-like behaviors with cognitive impairment and synaptic and neuronal damage, probably by reducing EphA4, which mediates ROS hyperfunction and the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Tong
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; Second Clinical College, Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China.
| | - Chongyao Hao
- Second Clinical College, Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China.
| | - Junliang Shen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, PR China.
| | - Siyu Liu
- Longyan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Xiamen University, Longyan, Fujian, PR China.
| | - Simin Yan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, PR China.
| | | | - Yiping Chen
- Second Clinical College, Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China.
| | - Wenjie Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, PR China.
| | - Jianguo Li
- Second Clinical College, Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China.
| | - Yuhan Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, PR China.
| | - Jingyu Zeng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, PR China.
| | - Meng Li
- Second Clinical College, Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China.
| | - Zhuoran You
- Second Clinical College, Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China.
| | - Tuergong Gulizhaerkezi
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, PR China.
| | - Simiao Wei
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, PR China.
| | - Anning Zhu
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xianjun Meng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, PR China.
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56
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Kambe J, Usuda K, Inoue R, Hirayama K, Ito M, Suenaga K, Masukado S, Liu H, Miyata S, Li C, Kimura I, Yamamoto Y, Nagaoka K. Hydrogen peroxide in breast milk is crucial for gut microbiota formation and myelin development in neonatal mice. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2359729. [PMID: 38816999 PMCID: PMC11146441 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2359729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Early life environment influences mammalian brain development, a growing area of research within the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease framework, necessitating a deeper understanding of early life factors on children's brain development. This study introduces a mouse model, LAO1 knockout mice, to investigate the relationship between breast milk, the gut microbiome, and brain development. The results reveal that breast milk's reactive oxygen species (ROS) are vital in shaping the neonatal gut microbiota. Decreased hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels in milk disrupt the gut microbiome and lead to abnormal metabolite production, including D-glucaric acid. This metabolite inhibits hippocampal myelin formation during infancy, potentially contributing to behavioral abnormalities observed in adulthood. These findings suggest that H2O2 in breast milk is crucial for normal gut microbiota formation and brain development, with implications for understanding and potentially treating neurodevelopmental disorders in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Kambe
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kento Usuda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Inoue
- Laboratory of Animal Science, Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Setsunan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Hirayama
- Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Department of Veterinary Medical Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiko Ito
- Department of Virology and Parasitology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Ken Suenaga
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sora Masukado
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hong Liu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shiho Miyata
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chunmei Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ikuo Kimura
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuki Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Nagaoka
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
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57
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Wang YY, Cheng J, Liu YD, Wang YP, Yang QW, Zhou N. Exosome-based regenerative rehabilitation: A novel ice breaker for neurological disorders. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 169:115920. [PMID: 37995565 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological disorders affect a large population, often leading to different levels of disability and resulting in decreased quality of life. Due to the limited recovery obtained from surgical procedures and other medical approaches, a large number of patients with prolonged dysfunction receive neurorehabilitation protocols to improve their neural plasticity and regeneration. However, the poor neural regeneration ability cannot effectively rebuild the tissue integrity and neural functional networks; consequently, the prognoses of neurorehabilitation remain undetermined. To increase the chances of neural regeneration and functional recovery for patients with neurological disorders, regenerative rehabilitation was introduced with combined regenerative medicine and neurorehabilitation protocols to repair neural tissue damage and create an optimized biophysical microenvironment for neural regeneration potential. With the deepening of exosome research, an increasing number of studies have found that the systemic therapeutic effects of neurorehabilitation approaches are mediated by exosomes released by physically stimulated cells, which provides new insight into rehabilitative mechanisms. Meanwhile, exosome therapy also serves as an alternative cell-free therapy of regenerative medicine that is applied in partnership with neurorehabilitation approaches and formulates exosome-based neurological regenerative rehabilitation. In this study, we review the current state of exosome-associated neurorehabilitation. On the one hand, we focus on presenting the varied mediating effects of exosomes in neurorehabilitation protocols of specific neurological pathologies; on the other hand, we discuss the diverse combinations of exosome therapies and neurorehabilitation approaches in the field of neurological regenerative rehabilitation, aiming to increase the awareness of exosome research and applications in the rehabilitation of neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yi Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jin Cheng
- Department of Sport Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ya-Dong Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yi-Peng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Qi-Wei Yang
- Medical Research Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China.
| | - Nan Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Province, China.
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58
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Louie AY, Rund LA, Komiyama-Kasai KA, Weisenberger KE, Stanke KL, Larsen RJ, Leyshon BJ, Kuchan MJ, Das T, Steelman AJ. A hydrolyzed lipid blend diet promotes myelination in neonatal piglets in a region and concentration-dependent manner. J Neurosci Res 2023; 101:1864-1883. [PMID: 37737490 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
The impact of early life nutrition on myelin development is of interest given that cognitive and behavioral function depends on proper myelination. Evidence shows that myelination can be altered by dietary lipid, but most of these studies have been performed in the context of disease or impairment. Here, we assessed the effects of lipid blends containing various levels of a hydrolyzed fat (HF) system on myelination in healthy piglets. Piglets were sow-reared, fed a control diet, or a diet containing 12%, 25%, or 53% HF consisting of cholesterol, fatty acids, monoglycerides, and phospholipid from lecithin. At postnatal day 28/29, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed to assess changes to brain development, followed by brain collection for microscopic analyses of myelin in targeted regions using CLARITY tissue clearing, immunohistochemistry, and electron microscopy techniques. Sow-reared piglets exhibited the highest overall brain white matter volume by MRI. However, a 25% HF diet resulted in the greatest total myelin density in the prefrontal cortex based on 3D modeling analysis of myelinated filaments. Nodal gap length and g-ratio were inversely correlated with percentage of HF in the corpus callosum, as well as in the PFC and internal capsule for g-ratio, indicating that a 53% HF diet resulted in the thickest myelin per axon and a 0% HF control diet the thinnest in specific brain regions. These findings indicate that HF promoted myelination in the neonatal piglet in a region- and concentration-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Y Louie
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Laurie A Rund
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Karin A Komiyama-Kasai
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Kelsie E Weisenberger
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Kayla L Stanke
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Ryan J Larsen
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | | | | | - Tapas Das
- Abbott Nutrition, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Andrew J Steelman
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
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Falkai P, Rossner MJ, Raabe FJ, Wagner E, Keeser D, Maurus I, Roell L, Chang E, Seitz-Holland J, Schulze TG, Schmitt A. Disturbed Oligodendroglial Maturation Causes Cognitive Dysfunction in Schizophrenia: A New Hypothesis. Schizophr Bull 2023; 49:1614-1624. [PMID: 37163675 PMCID: PMC10686333 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbad065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS Cognitive impairment is a hallmark of schizophrenia, but no effective treatment is available to date. The underlying pathophysiology includes disconnectivity between hippocampal and prefrontal brain regions. Supporting evidence comes from diffusion-weighted imaging studies that suggest abnormal organization of frontotemporal white matter pathways in schizophrenia. STUDY DESIGN Here, we hypothesize that in schizophrenia, deficient maturation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) into mature oligodendrocytes substantially contributes to abnormal frontotemporal macro- and micro-connectivity and subsequent cognitive deficits. STUDY RESULTS Our postmortem studies indicate a reduced oligodendrocyte number in the cornu ammonis 4 (CA4) subregion of the hippocampus, and others have reported the same histopathological finding in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Our series of studies on aerobic exercise training showed a volume increase in the hippocampus, specifically in the CA4 region, and improved cognition in individuals with schizophrenia. The cognitive effects were subsequently confirmed by meta-analyses. Cell-specific schizophrenia polygenic risk scores showed that exercise-induced CA4 volume increase significantly correlates with OPCs. From animal models, it is evident that early life stress and oligodendrocyte-related gene variants lead to schizophrenia-related behavior, cognitive deficits, impaired oligodendrocyte maturation, and reduced myelin thickness. CONCLUSIONS Based on these findings, we propose that pro-myelinating drugs (e.g., the histamine blocker clemastine) combined with aerobic exercise training may foster the regeneration of myelin plasticity as a basis for restoring frontotemporal connectivity and cognition in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Falkai
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Moritz J Rossner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Florian J Raabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Elias Wagner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Keeser
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
- NeuroImaging Core Unit Munich (NICUM), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Isabel Maurus
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Lukas Roell
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
- NeuroImaging Core Unit Munich (NICUM), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Emily Chang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Johanna Seitz-Holland
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas G Schulze
- Institute for Psychiatric Phenomic and Genomic (IPPG), Munich, Germany
| | - Andrea Schmitt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
- Laboratory of Neuroscience (LIM27), Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo-SP, Brazil
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60
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Hosoki M, Eidsness MA, Bruckert L, Travis KE, Feldman HM. Associations of behavioral problems with white matter circuits connecting to the frontal lobes in school-aged children born at term and preterm. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.11.08.23298268. [PMID: 37986772 PMCID: PMC10659456 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.08.23298268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Introduction This study investigated whether behavioral problems in children were associated with fractional anisotropy (FA) of white matter tracts connecting from other brain regions to right and left frontal lobes. We considered internalizing and externalizing behavioral problems separately and contrasted patterns of associations in children born at term and very preterm. Methods Parents completed the Child Behavior Checklist/6-18 questionnaire to quantify behavioral problems when their children were age 8 years (N=36 FT and 37 PT). Diffusion magnetic resonance scans were collected at the same age and analyzed using probabilistic tractography. We used multiple linear regression to investigate the strength of association between age-adjusted T-scores of internalizing and externalizing problems and mean fractional anisotropy (mean-FA) of right and left uncinate, arcuate, and anterior thalamic radiations, controlling for birth group and sex. Results Regression models predicting internalizing T-scores from mean-FA found significant group-by-tract interactions for the left and right arcuate and right uncinate. Internalizing scores were negatively associated with mean-FA of left and right arcuate only in children born at term (pleft AF =0.01, pright AF =0.01). Regression models predicting externalizing T-scores from mean-FA found significant group-by-tract interactions for the left arcuate and right uncinate. Externalizing scores were negatively associated with mean-FA of right uncinate in children born at term (pright UF =0.01) and positively associated in children born preterm (pright UF preterm =0.01). Other models were not significant. Conclusions In this sample of children with scores for behavioral problems across the full range, internalizing and externalizing behavioral problems were negatively associated with mean-FA of white matter tracts connecting to frontal lobes in children born at term; externalizing behavioral problems were positively associated with mean-FA of the right uncinate in children born preterm. The different associations by birth group suggest that the neurobiology of behavioral problems differs in the two birth groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Machiko Hosoki
- Corresponding Author: Machiko Hosoki, Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, 3145 Porter Drive, MC 5395, Palo Alto, CA 94304,
| | - Margarita Alethea Eidsness
- Division of Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | | | - Katherine E. Travis
- Division of Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | - Heidi M Feldman
- Division of Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine
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Zhang S, She S, Qiu Y, Li Z, Mao D, Zheng W, Wu H, Huang R. Altered cortical myelin in the salience and default mode networks in major depressive disorder patients: A surface-based analysis. J Affect Disord 2023; 340:113-119. [PMID: 37517634 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.07.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Evidence from previous genetic and post-mortem studies suggested that the myelination abnormality contributed to the pathogenesis of major depressive disorder (MDD). However, image-level alterations in cortical myelin content associated with MDD are still unclear. METHODS The high-resolution T1-weighted (T1w) and T2-weighted (T2w) brain 3D structural images were obtained from 52 MDD patients and 52 healthy controls (HC). We calculated the vertex-based T1w/T2w ratio using the HCP structural pipelines to characterize individual cortical myelin maps at the fs_LR 32 k surface. We attempted to detect the clusters with significant differences in cortical myelin content between MDD and HC groups. We correlated the cluster-wise averaged myelin value and the clinical performances in MDD patients. RESULTS The MDD patients showed significantly lower cortical myelin content in the cluster involving the left insula, orbitofrontal cortex, superior temporal cortex, transverse temporal gyrus, inferior frontal cortex, superior frontal gyrus, anterior cingulate cortex, precentral cortex, and postcentral cortex. The correlation analysis showed a significantly positive correlation between the cluster-wise cortical myelin content and the onset age of MDD patients. CONCLUSION The MDD patients showed lower cortical myelin content in regions of the default mode network regions and salience network than healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shufei Zhang
- School of Psychology, Center for the Study of Applied Psychology, Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science of Guangdong Province, Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Shenglin She
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510370, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, 510370, China
| | - Yidan Qiu
- School of Psychology, Center for the Study of Applied Psychology, Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science of Guangdong Province, Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Zezhi Li
- School of Psychology, Center for the Study of Applied Psychology, Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science of Guangdong Province, Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China; The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510370, China
| | - Deng Mao
- School of Psychology, Center for the Study of Applied Psychology, Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science of Guangdong Province, Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510370, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, 510370, China
| | - Huawang Wu
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510370, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, 510370, China.
| | - Ruiwang Huang
- School of Psychology, Center for the Study of Applied Psychology, Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science of Guangdong Province, Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
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Carrillo-Barberà P, Rondelli AM, Morante-Redolat JM, Vernay B, Williams A, Bankhead P. AimSeg: A machine-learning-aided tool for axon, inner tongue and myelin segmentation. PLoS Comput Biol 2023; 19:e1010845. [PMID: 37976310 PMCID: PMC10691719 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Electron microscopy (EM) images of axons and their ensheathing myelin from both the central and peripheral nervous system are used for assessing myelin formation, degeneration (demyelination) and regeneration (remyelination). The g-ratio is the gold standard measure of assessing myelin thickness and quality, and traditionally is determined from measurements made manually from EM images-a time-consuming endeavour with limited reproducibility. These measurements have also historically neglected the innermost uncompacted myelin sheath, known as the inner tongue. Nonetheless, the inner tongue has been shown to be important for myelin growth and some studies have reported that certain conditions can elicit its enlargement. Ignoring this fact may bias the standard g-ratio analysis, whereas quantifying the uncompacted myelin has the potential to provide novel insights in the myelin field. In this regard, we have developed AimSeg, a bioimage analysis tool for axon, inner tongue and myelin segmentation. Aided by machine learning classifiers trained on transmission EM (TEM) images of tissue undergoing remyelination, AimSeg can be used either as an automated workflow or as a user-assisted segmentation tool. Validation results on TEM data from both healthy and remyelinating samples show good performance in segmenting all three fibre components, with the assisted segmentation showing the potential for further improvement with minimal user intervention. This results in a considerable reduction in time for analysis compared with manual annotation. AimSeg could also be used to build larger, high quality ground truth datasets to train novel deep learning models. Implemented in Fiji, AimSeg can use machine learning classifiers trained in ilastik. This, combined with a user-friendly interface and the ability to quantify uncompacted myelin, makes AimSeg a unique tool to assess myelin growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pau Carrillo-Barberà
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Biología Funcional y Antropología Física, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (BioTecMed), Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
- Centre for Genomic & Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Ana Maria Rondelli
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- MS Society Edinburgh Centre for MS Research, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jose Manuel Morante-Redolat
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Biología Funcional y Antropología Física, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (BioTecMed), Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Bertrand Vernay
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Centre d’imagerie, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire CNRS UMR 7104—Inserm U 1258, Illkirch, France
| | - Anna Williams
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- MS Society Edinburgh Centre for MS Research, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Bankhead
- Centre for Genomic & Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Edinburgh Pathology and CRUK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Cha H, Choi JH, Jeon H, Kim JH, Kim M, Kim SJ, Park W, Lim JS, Lee E, Ahn JS, Kim JH, Hong SH, Park JE, Jung JH, Yoo HJ, Lee S. Aquaporin-4 Deficiency is Associated with Cognitive Impairment and Alterations in astrocyte-neuron Lactate Shuttle. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:6212-6226. [PMID: 37436602 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03475-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive impairment refers to notable declines in cognitive abilities including memory, language, and emotional stability leading to the inability to accomplish essential activities of daily living. Astrocytes play an important role in cognitive function, and homeostasis of the astrocyte-neuron lactate shuttle (ANLS) system is essential for maintaining cognitive functions. Aquaporin-4 (AQP-4) is a water channel expressed in astrocytes and has been shown to be associated with various brain disorders, but the direct relationship between learning, memory, and AQP-4 is unclear. We examined the relationship between AQP-4 and cognitive functions related to learning and memory. Mice with genetic deletion of AQP-4 showed significant behavioral and emotional changes including hyperactivity and instability, and impaired cognitive functions such as spatial learning and memory retention. 18 F-FDG PET imaging showed significant metabolic changes in the brains of AQP-4 knockout mice such as reductions in glucose absorption. Such metabolic changes in the brain seemed to be the direct results of changes in the expression of metabolite transporters, as the mRNA levels of multiple glucose and lactate transporters in astrocytes and neurons were significantly decreased in the cortex and hippocampus of AQP-4 knockout mice. Indeed, AQP-4 knockout mice showed significantly higher accumulation of both glucose and lactate in their brains compared with wild-type mice. Our results show that the deficiency of AQP-4 can cause problems in the metabolic function of astrocytes and lead to cognitive impairment, and that the deficiency of AQP4 in astrocyte endfeet can cause abnormalities in the ANLS system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeuk Cha
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Science, Asan Medical Center, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Ho Choi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanwool Jeon
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
- Bio-Medical Institute of Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hyun Kim
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Moinay Kim
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Jung Kim
- Convergence Medicine Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonhyoung Park
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
- University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Seo Lim
- Clinical Research Center, Asan Medical Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunyeup Lee
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Science, Asan Medical Center, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Sung Ahn
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
- University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hoon Kim
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
- University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Ho Hong
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
- University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eun Park
- University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Neuroradiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hwa Jung
- Convergence Medicine Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Yoo
- University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Convergence Medicine Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungjoo Lee
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Medical Science, Asan Medical Center, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Bio-Medical Institute of Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Parker N, Cheng W, Hindley GFL, Parekh P, Shadrin AA, Maximov II, Smeland OB, Djurovic S, Dale AM, Westlye LT, Frei O, Andreassen OA. Psychiatric disorders and brain white matter exhibit genetic overlap implicating developmental and neural cell biology. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:4924-4932. [PMID: 37759039 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02264-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Improved understanding of the shared genetic architecture between psychiatric disorders and brain white matter may provide mechanistic insights for observed phenotypic associations. Our objective is to characterize the shared genetic architecture of bipolar disorder (BD), major depression (MD), and schizophrenia (SZ) with white matter fractional anisotropy (FA) and identify shared genetic loci to uncover biological underpinnings. We used genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics for BD (n = 413,466), MD (n = 420,359), SZ (n = 320,404), and white matter FA (n = 33,292) to uncover the genetic architecture (i.e., polygenicity and discoverability) of each phenotype and their genetic overlap (i.e., genetic correlations, overlapping trait-influencing variants, and shared loci). This revealed that BD, MD, and SZ are at least 7-times more polygenic and less genetically discoverable than average FA. Even in the presence of weak genetic correlations (range = -0.05 to -0.09), average FA shared an estimated 42.5%, 43.0%, and 90.7% of trait-influencing variants as well as 12, 4, and 28 shared loci with BD, MD, and SZ, respectively. Shared variants were mapped to genes and tested for enrichment among gene-sets which implicated neurodevelopmental expression, neural cell types, myelin, and cell adhesion molecules. For BD and SZ, case vs control tract-level differences in FA associated with genetic correlations between those same tracts and the respective disorder (rBD = 0.83, p = 4.99e-7 and rSZ = 0.65, p = 5.79e-4). Genetic overlap at the tract-level was consistent with average FA results. Overall, these findings suggest a genetic basis for the involvement of brain white matter aberrations in the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Parker
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Weiqiu Cheng
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Guy F L Hindley
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neurosciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Pravesh Parekh
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Alexey A Shadrin
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental disorders, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ivan I Maximov
- Department of Health and Functioning, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
| | - Olav B Smeland
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Srdjan Djurovic
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anders M Dale
- Multimodal Imaging Laboratory, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Lars T Westlye
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Oleksandr Frei
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Bioinformatics, Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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Yoshida K, Kato D, Sugio S, Takeda I, Wake H. Activity-dependent oligodendrocyte calcium dynamics and their changes in Alzheimer's disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1154196. [PMID: 38026691 PMCID: PMC10644703 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1154196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes (OCs) form myelin around axons, which is dependent on neuronal activity. This activity-dependent myelination plays a crucial role in training and learning. Previous studies have suggested that neuronal activity regulates proliferation and differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) and myelination. In addition, deficient activity-dependent myelination results in impaired motor learning. However, the functional response of OC responsible for neuronal activity and their pathological changes is not fully elucidated. In this research, we aimed to understand the activity-dependent OC responses and their different properties by observing OCs using in vivo two-photon microscopy. We clarified that the Ca2+ activity in OCs is neuronal activity dependent and differentially regulated by neurotransmitters such as glutamate or adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Furthermore, in 5-month-old mice models of Alzheimer's disease, a period before the appearance of behavioral abnormalities, the elevated Ca2+ responses in OCs are ATP dependent, suggesting that OCs receive ATP from damaged tissue. We anticipate that our research will help in determining the correct therapeutic strategy for neurodegenerative diseases beyond the synapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Yoshida
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Cell Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kato
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Cell Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Division of Multicellular Circuit Dynamics, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institute of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Shouta Sugio
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Cell Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Division of Multicellular Circuit Dynamics, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institute of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Ikuko Takeda
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Cell Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Division of Multicellular Circuit Dynamics, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institute of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Wake
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Cell Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Division of Multicellular Circuit Dynamics, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institute of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan
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郭 志, 王 志, 曾 琳, 纪 雪. [Effects of propofol on myelin basic protein expression in zebrafish at different developmental stages]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2023; 43:1810-1814. [PMID: 37933659 PMCID: PMC10630208 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2023.10.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To observe the effect of propofol on the expression of myelin basic protein (MBP) in developing zebrafish and explore the possible mechanisms. METHODS A total of 180 zebrafish embryos at 6-48 h post-fertilization were randomly allocated into 3 equal groups and raised in fresh water (control group), water containing dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO group) and water containing 30 μg/mL propofol (propofol group). On 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10 d post-fertilization, the juvenile fish were collected for detection of mRNA and protein expressions of MBP using RT-qPCR and Western blotting. TUNEL assay and immunofluorescence assay were used to detect apoptosis of the oligodendrocytes of the fish at 3 d post-fertilization; RT-qPCR and Western blotting were performed to detect the expressions of apoptosis-related factors caspase-8, caspase-9 and caspase-3. RESULTS Compared with the control group, the fish with propofol exposure showed significantly decreased mRNA and protein expression of MBP at 3-7 d post-fertilization (P<0.05) with increased apoptosis of the oligodendrocytes and upregulated expressions of caspase-8, caspase-9 and caspase-3 at both the mRNA and protein levels. CONCLUSION Propofol persistently inhibits MBP expression in developing zebrafish within a short term possibly by mediating apoptosis of the oligodendrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- 志华 郭
- />南方医科大学附属广东省人民医院(广东省医学科学院)麻醉科, 广东 广州 510080Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - 志鹏 王
- />南方医科大学附属广东省人民医院(广东省医学科学院)麻醉科, 广东 广州 510080Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - 琳玲 曾
- />南方医科大学附属广东省人民医院(广东省医学科学院)麻醉科, 广东 广州 510080Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - 雪霞 纪
- />南方医科大学附属广东省人民医院(广东省医学科学院)麻醉科, 广东 广州 510080Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
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Economou M, Bempt FV, Van Herck S, Wouters J, Ghesquière P, Vanderauwera J, Vandermosten M. Myelin plasticity during early literacy training in at-risk pre-readers. Cortex 2023; 167:86-100. [PMID: 37542803 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2023.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
A growing body of neuroimaging evidence shows that white matter can change as a result of experience and structured learning. Although the majority of previous work has used diffusion MRI to characterize such changes in white matter, diffusion metrics offer limited biological specificity about which microstructural features may be driving white matter plasticity. Recent advances in myelin-specific MRI techniques offer a promising opportunity to assess the specific contribution of myelin in learning-related plasticity. Here we describe the application of such an approach to examine structural plasticity during an early intervention in preliterate children at risk for dyslexia. To this end, myelin water imaging data were collected before and after a 12-week period in (1) at-risk children following early literacy training (n = 13-24), (2) at-risk children engaging with other non-literacy games (n = 10-17) and (3) children without a risk receiving no training (n = 11-22). Before the training, regional risk-related differences were identified, showing higher myelin water fraction (MWF) in right dorsal white matter in at-risk children compared to the typical control group. Concerning intervention-specific effects, our results revealed an increase across left-hemispheric and right ventral MWF over the course of training in the at-risk children receiving early literacy training, but not in the at-risk active control group or the no-risk typical control group. Overall, our results provide support for the use of myelin water imaging as a sensitive tool to investigate white matter and offer a first indication of myelin plasticity in young children at the onset of literacy acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Economou
- Research Group ExpORL, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium; Parenting and Special Education Research Unit, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium; Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven Child and Youth Institute, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Femke Vanden Bempt
- Research Group ExpORL, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium; Parenting and Special Education Research Unit, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium; Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven Child and Youth Institute, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Shauni Van Herck
- Research Group ExpORL, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium; Parenting and Special Education Research Unit, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium; Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven Child and Youth Institute, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Wouters
- Research Group ExpORL, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium; Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven Child and Youth Institute, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pol Ghesquière
- Parenting and Special Education Research Unit, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium; Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven Child and Youth Institute, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jolijn Vanderauwera
- Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Maaike Vandermosten
- Research Group ExpORL, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium; Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven Child and Youth Institute, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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Raven EP, Veraart J, Kievit RA, Genc S, Ward IL, Hall J, Cunningham A, Doherty J, van den Bree MBM, Jones DK. In vivo evidence of microstructural hypo-connectivity of brain white matter in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:4342-4352. [PMID: 37495890 PMCID: PMC7615578 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02178-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
22q11.2 deletion syndrome, or 22q11.2DS, is a genetic syndrome associated with high rates of schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders, in addition to widespread structural and functional abnormalities throughout the brain. Experimental animal models have identified neuronal connectivity deficits, e.g., decreased axonal length and complexity of axonal branching, as a primary mechanism underlying atypical brain development in 22q11.2DS. However, it is still unclear whether deficits in axonal morphology can also be observed in people with 22q11.2DS. Here, we provide an unparalleled in vivo characterization of white matter microstructure in participants with 22q11.2DS (12-15 years) and those undergoing typical development (8-18 years) using a customized magnetic resonance imaging scanner which is sensitive to axonal morphology. A rich array of diffusion MRI metrics are extracted to present microstructural profiles of typical and atypical white matter development, and provide new evidence of connectivity differences in individuals with 22q11.2DS. A recent, large-scale consortium study of 22q11.2DS identified higher diffusion anisotropy and reduced overall diffusion mobility of water as hallmark microstructural alterations of white matter in individuals across a wide age range (6-52 years). We observed similar findings across the white matter tracts included in this study, in addition to identifying deficits in axonal morphology. This, in combination with reduced tract volume measurements, supports the hypothesis that abnormal microstructural connectivity in 22q11.2DS may be mediated by densely packed axons with disproportionately small diameters. Our findings provide insight into the in vivo white matter phenotype of 22q11.2DS, and promote the continued investigation of shared features in neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika P Raven
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
- Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Jelle Veraart
- Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rogier A Kievit
- Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cognitive Neuroscience Department, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sila Genc
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Neuroscience Advanced Clinical Imaging Service (NACIS), Department of Neurosurgery, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Isobel L Ward
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Jessica Hall
- Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Adam Cunningham
- Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Joanne Doherty
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Marianne B M van den Bree
- Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Innovation Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Derek K Jones
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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Sokol DK, Lahiri DK. APPlications of amyloid-β precursor protein metabolites in macrocephaly and autism spectrum disorder. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1201744. [PMID: 37799731 PMCID: PMC10548831 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1201744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolites of the Amyloid-β precursor protein (APP) proteolysis may underlie brain overgrowth in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). We have found elevated APP metabolites (total APP, secreted (s) APPα, and α-secretase adamalysins in the plasma and brain tissue of children with ASD). In this review, we highlight several lines of evidence supporting APP metabolites' potential contribution to macrocephaly in ASD. First, APP appears early in corticogenesis, placing APP in a prime position to accelerate growth in neurons and glia. APP metabolites are upregulated in neuroinflammation, another potential contributor to excessive brain growth in ASD. APP metabolites appear to directly affect translational signaling pathways, which have been linked to single gene forms of syndromic ASD (Fragile X Syndrome, PTEN, Tuberous Sclerosis Complex). Finally, APP metabolites, and microRNA, which regulates APP expression, may contribute to ASD brain overgrowth, particularly increased white matter, through ERK receptor activation on the PI3K/Akt/mTOR/Rho GTPase pathway, favoring myelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah K. Sokol
- Department of Neurology, Section of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Debomoy K. Lahiri
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Indiana Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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Cao G, Sun C, Shen H, Qu D, Shen C, Lu H. Conditional Deletion of Foxg1 Delayed Myelination during Early Postnatal Brain Development. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13921. [PMID: 37762220 PMCID: PMC10530892 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
FOXG1 (forkhead box G1) syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by variants in the Foxg1 gene that affect brain structure and function. Individuals affected by FOXG1 syndrome frequently exhibit delayed myelination in neuroimaging studies, which may impair the rapid conduction of nerve impulses. To date, the specific effects of FOXG1 on oligodendrocyte lineage progression and myelination during early postnatal development remain unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of Foxg1 deficiency on myelin development in the mouse brain by conditional deletion of Foxg1 in neural progenitors using NestinCreER;Foxg1fl/fl mice and tamoxifen induction at postnatal day 0 (P0). We found that Foxg1 deficiency resulted in a transient delay in myelination, evidenced by decreased myelin formation within the first two weeks after birth, but ultimately recovered to the control levels by P30. We also found that Foxg1 deletion prevented the timely attenuation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRα) signaling and reduced the cell cycle exit of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), leading to their excessive proliferation and delayed maturation. Additionally, Foxg1 deletion increased the expression of Hes5, a myelin formation inhibitor, as well as Olig2 and Sox10, two promoters of OPC differentiation. Our results reveal the important role of Foxg1 in myelin development and provide new clues for further exploring the pathological mechanisms of FOXG1 syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangliang Cao
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (G.C.); (H.S.); (D.Q.)
| | - Congli Sun
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China;
| | - Hualin Shen
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (G.C.); (H.S.); (D.Q.)
| | - Dewei Qu
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (G.C.); (H.S.); (D.Q.)
| | - Chuanlu Shen
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China;
| | - Haiqin Lu
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (G.C.); (H.S.); (D.Q.)
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Ćirović M, Jeličić L, Maksimović S, Fatić S, Marisavljević M, Bošković Matić T, Subotić M. EEG Correlates of Cognitive Functions in a Child with ASD and White Matter Signal Abnormalities: A Case Report with Two-and-a-Half-Year Follow-Up. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2878. [PMID: 37761245 PMCID: PMC10529253 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13182878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This research aimed to examine the EEG correlates of different stimuli processing instances in a child with ASD and white matter signal abnormalities and to investigate their relationship to the results of behavioral tests. The prospective case study reports two and a half years of follow-up data from a child aged 38 to 66 months. Cognitive, speech-language, sensory, and EEG correlates of auditory-verbal and auditory-visual-verbal information processing were recorded during five test periods, and their mutual interrelation was analyzed. EEG findings revealed no functional theta frequency range redistribution in the frontal regions favoring the left hemisphere during speech processing. The results pointed to a positive linear trend in the relative theta frequency range and a negative linear trend in the relative alpha frequency range when listening to and watching the cartoon. There was a statistically significant correlation between EEG signals and behavioral test results. Based on the obtained results, it may be concluded that EEG signals and their association with the results of behavioral tests should be evaluated with certain restraints considering the characteristics of the stimuli during EEG recording.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Ćirović
- Cognitive Neuroscience Department, Research and Development Institute “Life Activities Advancement Institute”, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.Ć.); (S.M.); (S.F.); (M.M.); (M.S.)
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, Institute for Experimental Phonetics and Speech Pathology, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ljiljana Jeličić
- Cognitive Neuroscience Department, Research and Development Institute “Life Activities Advancement Institute”, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.Ć.); (S.M.); (S.F.); (M.M.); (M.S.)
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, Institute for Experimental Phonetics and Speech Pathology, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Slavica Maksimović
- Cognitive Neuroscience Department, Research and Development Institute “Life Activities Advancement Institute”, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.Ć.); (S.M.); (S.F.); (M.M.); (M.S.)
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, Institute for Experimental Phonetics and Speech Pathology, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Saška Fatić
- Cognitive Neuroscience Department, Research and Development Institute “Life Activities Advancement Institute”, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.Ć.); (S.M.); (S.F.); (M.M.); (M.S.)
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, Institute for Experimental Phonetics and Speech Pathology, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Maša Marisavljević
- Cognitive Neuroscience Department, Research and Development Institute “Life Activities Advancement Institute”, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.Ć.); (S.M.); (S.F.); (M.M.); (M.S.)
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, Institute for Experimental Phonetics and Speech Pathology, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Bošković Matić
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia;
- Clinic of Neurology, University Clinical Centre of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Miško Subotić
- Cognitive Neuroscience Department, Research and Development Institute “Life Activities Advancement Institute”, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.Ć.); (S.M.); (S.F.); (M.M.); (M.S.)
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Yu G, Liu Z, Wu X, Becker B, Zhang K, Fan H, Peng S, Kuang N, Kang J, Dong G, Zhao XM, Schumann G, Feng J, Sahakian BJ, Robbins TW, Palaniyappan L, Zhang J. Common and disorder-specific cortical thickness alterations in internalizing, externalizing and thought disorders during early adolescence: an Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development study. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2023; 48:E345-E356. [PMID: 37673436 PMCID: PMC10495167 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.220202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A growing body of neuroimaging studies has reported common neural abnormalities among mental disorders in adults. However, it is unclear whether the distinct disorder-specific mechanisms operate during adolescence despite the overlap among disorders. METHODS We studied a large cohort of more than 11 000 preadolescent (age 9-10 yr) children from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development cohort. We adopted a regrouping approach to compare cortical thickness (CT) alterations and longitudinal changes between healthy controls (n = 4041) and externalizing (n = 1182), internalizing (n = 1959) and thought disorder (n = 347) groups. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed on regional CT across 4468 unrelated European youth. RESULTS Youth with externalizing or internalizing disorders exhibited increased regional CT compared with controls. Externalizing (p = 8 × 10-4, Cohen d = 0.10) and internalizing disorders (p = 2 × 10-3, Cohen d = 0.08) shared thicker CT in the left pars opercularis. The somatosensory and the primary auditory cortex were uniquely affected in externalizing disorders, whereas the primary motor cortex and higher-order visual association areas were uniquely affected in internalizing disorders. Only youth with externalizing disorders showed decelerated cortical thinning from age 10-12 years. The GWAS found 59 genome-wide significant associated genetic variants across these regions. Cortical thickness in common regions was associated with glutamatergic neurons, while internalizing-specific regional CT was associated with astrocytes, oligodendrocyte progenitor cells and GABAergic neurons. LIMITATIONS The sample size of the GWAS was relatively small. CONCLUSION Our study provides strong evidence for the presence of specificity in CT, developmental trajectories and underlying genetic underpinnings among externalizing and internalizing disorders during early adolescence. Our results support the neurobiological validity of the regrouping approach that could supplement the use of a dimensional approach in future clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gechang Yu
- From the Institute of Science and Technology for Brain Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Yu, Wu, Fan, Peng, Kuang, Kang, Dong, Zhao, Feng, Sahakian, Robbins, Zhang); the Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, China (Yu, Wu, Fan, Peng, Kuang, Feng, Zhang); the Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass., USA (Liu); the Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass., USA (Liu); the Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Mass., USA (Liu); the Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China (Becker); the School of Computer Science and Technology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China (Zhang); the Shanghai Center for Mathematical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Kang); the MOE Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Dong, Zhao); the Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Shanghai, China (Zhao); the PONS Centre Shanghai, Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Schumann); the PONS Centre Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, Germany (Feng); the Shanghai Center for Mathematical Sciences, Shanghai, China (Feng); the Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK (Feng); the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Feng); the Fudan ISTBI-ZJNU Algorithm Centre for Brain-inspired Intelligence, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China (Feng); the Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (Sahakian); the Department of Psychology, Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (Robbins); the Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Que., Canada (Palaniyappan); the Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ont., Canada (Palaniyappan); the Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ont., Canada (Palaniyappan); the Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ont., Canada (Palaniyappan)
| | - Zhaowen Liu
- From the Institute of Science and Technology for Brain Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Yu, Wu, Fan, Peng, Kuang, Kang, Dong, Zhao, Feng, Sahakian, Robbins, Zhang); the Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, China (Yu, Wu, Fan, Peng, Kuang, Feng, Zhang); the Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass., USA (Liu); the Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass., USA (Liu); the Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Mass., USA (Liu); the Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China (Becker); the School of Computer Science and Technology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China (Zhang); the Shanghai Center for Mathematical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Kang); the MOE Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Dong, Zhao); the Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Shanghai, China (Zhao); the PONS Centre Shanghai, Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Schumann); the PONS Centre Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, Germany (Feng); the Shanghai Center for Mathematical Sciences, Shanghai, China (Feng); the Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK (Feng); the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Feng); the Fudan ISTBI-ZJNU Algorithm Centre for Brain-inspired Intelligence, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China (Feng); the Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (Sahakian); the Department of Psychology, Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (Robbins); the Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Que., Canada (Palaniyappan); the Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ont., Canada (Palaniyappan); the Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ont., Canada (Palaniyappan); the Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ont., Canada (Palaniyappan)
| | - Xinran Wu
- From the Institute of Science and Technology for Brain Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Yu, Wu, Fan, Peng, Kuang, Kang, Dong, Zhao, Feng, Sahakian, Robbins, Zhang); the Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, China (Yu, Wu, Fan, Peng, Kuang, Feng, Zhang); the Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass., USA (Liu); the Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass., USA (Liu); the Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Mass., USA (Liu); the Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China (Becker); the School of Computer Science and Technology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China (Zhang); the Shanghai Center for Mathematical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Kang); the MOE Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Dong, Zhao); the Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Shanghai, China (Zhao); the PONS Centre Shanghai, Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Schumann); the PONS Centre Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, Germany (Feng); the Shanghai Center for Mathematical Sciences, Shanghai, China (Feng); the Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK (Feng); the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Feng); the Fudan ISTBI-ZJNU Algorithm Centre for Brain-inspired Intelligence, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China (Feng); the Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (Sahakian); the Department of Psychology, Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (Robbins); the Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Que., Canada (Palaniyappan); the Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ont., Canada (Palaniyappan); the Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ont., Canada (Palaniyappan); the Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ont., Canada (Palaniyappan)
| | - Benjamin Becker
- From the Institute of Science and Technology for Brain Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Yu, Wu, Fan, Peng, Kuang, Kang, Dong, Zhao, Feng, Sahakian, Robbins, Zhang); the Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, China (Yu, Wu, Fan, Peng, Kuang, Feng, Zhang); the Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass., USA (Liu); the Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass., USA (Liu); the Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Mass., USA (Liu); the Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China (Becker); the School of Computer Science and Technology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China (Zhang); the Shanghai Center for Mathematical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Kang); the MOE Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Dong, Zhao); the Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Shanghai, China (Zhao); the PONS Centre Shanghai, Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Schumann); the PONS Centre Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, Germany (Feng); the Shanghai Center for Mathematical Sciences, Shanghai, China (Feng); the Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK (Feng); the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Feng); the Fudan ISTBI-ZJNU Algorithm Centre for Brain-inspired Intelligence, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China (Feng); the Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (Sahakian); the Department of Psychology, Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (Robbins); the Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Que., Canada (Palaniyappan); the Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ont., Canada (Palaniyappan); the Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ont., Canada (Palaniyappan); the Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ont., Canada (Palaniyappan)
| | - Kai Zhang
- From the Institute of Science and Technology for Brain Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Yu, Wu, Fan, Peng, Kuang, Kang, Dong, Zhao, Feng, Sahakian, Robbins, Zhang); the Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, China (Yu, Wu, Fan, Peng, Kuang, Feng, Zhang); the Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass., USA (Liu); the Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass., USA (Liu); the Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Mass., USA (Liu); the Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China (Becker); the School of Computer Science and Technology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China (Zhang); the Shanghai Center for Mathematical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Kang); the MOE Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Dong, Zhao); the Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Shanghai, China (Zhao); the PONS Centre Shanghai, Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Schumann); the PONS Centre Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, Germany (Feng); the Shanghai Center for Mathematical Sciences, Shanghai, China (Feng); the Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK (Feng); the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Feng); the Fudan ISTBI-ZJNU Algorithm Centre for Brain-inspired Intelligence, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China (Feng); the Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (Sahakian); the Department of Psychology, Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (Robbins); the Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Que., Canada (Palaniyappan); the Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ont., Canada (Palaniyappan); the Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ont., Canada (Palaniyappan); the Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ont., Canada (Palaniyappan)
| | - Huaxin Fan
- From the Institute of Science and Technology for Brain Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Yu, Wu, Fan, Peng, Kuang, Kang, Dong, Zhao, Feng, Sahakian, Robbins, Zhang); the Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, China (Yu, Wu, Fan, Peng, Kuang, Feng, Zhang); the Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass., USA (Liu); the Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass., USA (Liu); the Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Mass., USA (Liu); the Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China (Becker); the School of Computer Science and Technology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China (Zhang); the Shanghai Center for Mathematical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Kang); the MOE Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Dong, Zhao); the Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Shanghai, China (Zhao); the PONS Centre Shanghai, Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Schumann); the PONS Centre Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, Germany (Feng); the Shanghai Center for Mathematical Sciences, Shanghai, China (Feng); the Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK (Feng); the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Feng); the Fudan ISTBI-ZJNU Algorithm Centre for Brain-inspired Intelligence, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China (Feng); the Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (Sahakian); the Department of Psychology, Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (Robbins); the Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Que., Canada (Palaniyappan); the Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ont., Canada (Palaniyappan); the Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ont., Canada (Palaniyappan); the Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ont., Canada (Palaniyappan)
| | - Songjun Peng
- From the Institute of Science and Technology for Brain Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Yu, Wu, Fan, Peng, Kuang, Kang, Dong, Zhao, Feng, Sahakian, Robbins, Zhang); the Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, China (Yu, Wu, Fan, Peng, Kuang, Feng, Zhang); the Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass., USA (Liu); the Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass., USA (Liu); the Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Mass., USA (Liu); the Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China (Becker); the School of Computer Science and Technology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China (Zhang); the Shanghai Center for Mathematical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Kang); the MOE Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Dong, Zhao); the Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Shanghai, China (Zhao); the PONS Centre Shanghai, Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Schumann); the PONS Centre Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, Germany (Feng); the Shanghai Center for Mathematical Sciences, Shanghai, China (Feng); the Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK (Feng); the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Feng); the Fudan ISTBI-ZJNU Algorithm Centre for Brain-inspired Intelligence, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China (Feng); the Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (Sahakian); the Department of Psychology, Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (Robbins); the Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Que., Canada (Palaniyappan); the Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ont., Canada (Palaniyappan); the Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ont., Canada (Palaniyappan); the Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ont., Canada (Palaniyappan)
| | - Nanyu Kuang
- From the Institute of Science and Technology for Brain Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Yu, Wu, Fan, Peng, Kuang, Kang, Dong, Zhao, Feng, Sahakian, Robbins, Zhang); the Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, China (Yu, Wu, Fan, Peng, Kuang, Feng, Zhang); the Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass., USA (Liu); the Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass., USA (Liu); the Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Mass., USA (Liu); the Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China (Becker); the School of Computer Science and Technology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China (Zhang); the Shanghai Center for Mathematical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Kang); the MOE Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Dong, Zhao); the Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Shanghai, China (Zhao); the PONS Centre Shanghai, Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Schumann); the PONS Centre Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, Germany (Feng); the Shanghai Center for Mathematical Sciences, Shanghai, China (Feng); the Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK (Feng); the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Feng); the Fudan ISTBI-ZJNU Algorithm Centre for Brain-inspired Intelligence, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China (Feng); the Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (Sahakian); the Department of Psychology, Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (Robbins); the Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Que., Canada (Palaniyappan); the Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ont., Canada (Palaniyappan); the Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ont., Canada (Palaniyappan); the Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ont., Canada (Palaniyappan)
| | - Jujiao Kang
- From the Institute of Science and Technology for Brain Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Yu, Wu, Fan, Peng, Kuang, Kang, Dong, Zhao, Feng, Sahakian, Robbins, Zhang); the Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, China (Yu, Wu, Fan, Peng, Kuang, Feng, Zhang); the Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass., USA (Liu); the Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass., USA (Liu); the Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Mass., USA (Liu); the Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China (Becker); the School of Computer Science and Technology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China (Zhang); the Shanghai Center for Mathematical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Kang); the MOE Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Dong, Zhao); the Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Shanghai, China (Zhao); the PONS Centre Shanghai, Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Schumann); the PONS Centre Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, Germany (Feng); the Shanghai Center for Mathematical Sciences, Shanghai, China (Feng); the Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK (Feng); the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Feng); the Fudan ISTBI-ZJNU Algorithm Centre for Brain-inspired Intelligence, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China (Feng); the Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (Sahakian); the Department of Psychology, Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (Robbins); the Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Que., Canada (Palaniyappan); the Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ont., Canada (Palaniyappan); the Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ont., Canada (Palaniyappan); the Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ont., Canada (Palaniyappan)
| | - Guiying Dong
- From the Institute of Science and Technology for Brain Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Yu, Wu, Fan, Peng, Kuang, Kang, Dong, Zhao, Feng, Sahakian, Robbins, Zhang); the Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, China (Yu, Wu, Fan, Peng, Kuang, Feng, Zhang); the Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass., USA (Liu); the Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass., USA (Liu); the Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Mass., USA (Liu); the Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China (Becker); the School of Computer Science and Technology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China (Zhang); the Shanghai Center for Mathematical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Kang); the MOE Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Dong, Zhao); the Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Shanghai, China (Zhao); the PONS Centre Shanghai, Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Schumann); the PONS Centre Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, Germany (Feng); the Shanghai Center for Mathematical Sciences, Shanghai, China (Feng); the Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK (Feng); the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Feng); the Fudan ISTBI-ZJNU Algorithm Centre for Brain-inspired Intelligence, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China (Feng); the Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (Sahakian); the Department of Psychology, Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (Robbins); the Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Que., Canada (Palaniyappan); the Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ont., Canada (Palaniyappan); the Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ont., Canada (Palaniyappan); the Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ont., Canada (Palaniyappan)
| | - Xing-Ming Zhao
- From the Institute of Science and Technology for Brain Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Yu, Wu, Fan, Peng, Kuang, Kang, Dong, Zhao, Feng, Sahakian, Robbins, Zhang); the Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, China (Yu, Wu, Fan, Peng, Kuang, Feng, Zhang); the Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass., USA (Liu); the Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass., USA (Liu); the Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Mass., USA (Liu); the Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China (Becker); the School of Computer Science and Technology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China (Zhang); the Shanghai Center for Mathematical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Kang); the MOE Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Dong, Zhao); the Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Shanghai, China (Zhao); the PONS Centre Shanghai, Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Schumann); the PONS Centre Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, Germany (Feng); the Shanghai Center for Mathematical Sciences, Shanghai, China (Feng); the Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK (Feng); the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Feng); the Fudan ISTBI-ZJNU Algorithm Centre for Brain-inspired Intelligence, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China (Feng); the Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (Sahakian); the Department of Psychology, Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (Robbins); the Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Que., Canada (Palaniyappan); the Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ont., Canada (Palaniyappan); the Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ont., Canada (Palaniyappan); the Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ont., Canada (Palaniyappan)
| | - Gunter Schumann
- From the Institute of Science and Technology for Brain Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Yu, Wu, Fan, Peng, Kuang, Kang, Dong, Zhao, Feng, Sahakian, Robbins, Zhang); the Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, China (Yu, Wu, Fan, Peng, Kuang, Feng, Zhang); the Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass., USA (Liu); the Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass., USA (Liu); the Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Mass., USA (Liu); the Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China (Becker); the School of Computer Science and Technology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China (Zhang); the Shanghai Center for Mathematical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Kang); the MOE Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Dong, Zhao); the Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Shanghai, China (Zhao); the PONS Centre Shanghai, Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Schumann); the PONS Centre Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, Germany (Feng); the Shanghai Center for Mathematical Sciences, Shanghai, China (Feng); the Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK (Feng); the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Feng); the Fudan ISTBI-ZJNU Algorithm Centre for Brain-inspired Intelligence, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China (Feng); the Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (Sahakian); the Department of Psychology, Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (Robbins); the Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Que., Canada (Palaniyappan); the Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ont., Canada (Palaniyappan); the Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ont., Canada (Palaniyappan); the Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ont., Canada (Palaniyappan)
| | - Jianfeng Feng
- From the Institute of Science and Technology for Brain Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Yu, Wu, Fan, Peng, Kuang, Kang, Dong, Zhao, Feng, Sahakian, Robbins, Zhang); the Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, China (Yu, Wu, Fan, Peng, Kuang, Feng, Zhang); the Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass., USA (Liu); the Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass., USA (Liu); the Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Mass., USA (Liu); the Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China (Becker); the School of Computer Science and Technology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China (Zhang); the Shanghai Center for Mathematical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Kang); the MOE Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Dong, Zhao); the Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Shanghai, China (Zhao); the PONS Centre Shanghai, Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Schumann); the PONS Centre Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, Germany (Feng); the Shanghai Center for Mathematical Sciences, Shanghai, China (Feng); the Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK (Feng); the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Feng); the Fudan ISTBI-ZJNU Algorithm Centre for Brain-inspired Intelligence, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China (Feng); the Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (Sahakian); the Department of Psychology, Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (Robbins); the Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Que., Canada (Palaniyappan); the Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ont., Canada (Palaniyappan); the Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ont., Canada (Palaniyappan); the Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ont., Canada (Palaniyappan)
| | - Barbara J Sahakian
- From the Institute of Science and Technology for Brain Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Yu, Wu, Fan, Peng, Kuang, Kang, Dong, Zhao, Feng, Sahakian, Robbins, Zhang); the Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, China (Yu, Wu, Fan, Peng, Kuang, Feng, Zhang); the Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass., USA (Liu); the Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass., USA (Liu); the Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Mass., USA (Liu); the Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China (Becker); the School of Computer Science and Technology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China (Zhang); the Shanghai Center for Mathematical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Kang); the MOE Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Dong, Zhao); the Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Shanghai, China (Zhao); the PONS Centre Shanghai, Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Schumann); the PONS Centre Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, Germany (Feng); the Shanghai Center for Mathematical Sciences, Shanghai, China (Feng); the Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK (Feng); the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Feng); the Fudan ISTBI-ZJNU Algorithm Centre for Brain-inspired Intelligence, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China (Feng); the Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (Sahakian); the Department of Psychology, Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (Robbins); the Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Que., Canada (Palaniyappan); the Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ont., Canada (Palaniyappan); the Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ont., Canada (Palaniyappan); the Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ont., Canada (Palaniyappan)
| | - Trevor W Robbins
- From the Institute of Science and Technology for Brain Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Yu, Wu, Fan, Peng, Kuang, Kang, Dong, Zhao, Feng, Sahakian, Robbins, Zhang); the Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, China (Yu, Wu, Fan, Peng, Kuang, Feng, Zhang); the Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass., USA (Liu); the Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass., USA (Liu); the Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Mass., USA (Liu); the Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China (Becker); the School of Computer Science and Technology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China (Zhang); the Shanghai Center for Mathematical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Kang); the MOE Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Dong, Zhao); the Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Shanghai, China (Zhao); the PONS Centre Shanghai, Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Schumann); the PONS Centre Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, Germany (Feng); the Shanghai Center for Mathematical Sciences, Shanghai, China (Feng); the Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK (Feng); the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Feng); the Fudan ISTBI-ZJNU Algorithm Centre for Brain-inspired Intelligence, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China (Feng); the Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (Sahakian); the Department of Psychology, Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (Robbins); the Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Que., Canada (Palaniyappan); the Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ont., Canada (Palaniyappan); the Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ont., Canada (Palaniyappan); the Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ont., Canada (Palaniyappan)
| | - Lena Palaniyappan
- From the Institute of Science and Technology for Brain Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Yu, Wu, Fan, Peng, Kuang, Kang, Dong, Zhao, Feng, Sahakian, Robbins, Zhang); the Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, China (Yu, Wu, Fan, Peng, Kuang, Feng, Zhang); the Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass., USA (Liu); the Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass., USA (Liu); the Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Mass., USA (Liu); the Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China (Becker); the School of Computer Science and Technology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China (Zhang); the Shanghai Center for Mathematical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Kang); the MOE Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Dong, Zhao); the Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Shanghai, China (Zhao); the PONS Centre Shanghai, Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Schumann); the PONS Centre Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, Germany (Feng); the Shanghai Center for Mathematical Sciences, Shanghai, China (Feng); the Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK (Feng); the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Feng); the Fudan ISTBI-ZJNU Algorithm Centre for Brain-inspired Intelligence, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China (Feng); the Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (Sahakian); the Department of Psychology, Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (Robbins); the Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Que., Canada (Palaniyappan); the Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ont., Canada (Palaniyappan); the Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ont., Canada (Palaniyappan); the Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ont., Canada (Palaniyappan)
| | - Jie Zhang
- From the Institute of Science and Technology for Brain Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Yu, Wu, Fan, Peng, Kuang, Kang, Dong, Zhao, Feng, Sahakian, Robbins, Zhang); the Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, China (Yu, Wu, Fan, Peng, Kuang, Feng, Zhang); the Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass., USA (Liu); the Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass., USA (Liu); the Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Mass., USA (Liu); the Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China (Becker); the School of Computer Science and Technology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China (Zhang); the Shanghai Center for Mathematical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Kang); the MOE Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Dong, Zhao); the Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Shanghai, China (Zhao); the PONS Centre Shanghai, Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Schumann); the PONS Centre Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, Germany (Feng); the Shanghai Center for Mathematical Sciences, Shanghai, China (Feng); the Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK (Feng); the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Feng); the Fudan ISTBI-ZJNU Algorithm Centre for Brain-inspired Intelligence, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China (Feng); the Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (Sahakian); the Department of Psychology, Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (Robbins); the Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Que., Canada (Palaniyappan); the Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ont., Canada (Palaniyappan); the Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ont., Canada (Palaniyappan); the Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ont., Canada (Palaniyappan)
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Elmers J, Colzato LS, Akgün K, Ziemssen T, Beste C. Neurofilaments - Small proteins of physiological significance and predictive power for future neurodegeneration and cognitive decline across the life span. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 90:102037. [PMID: 37619618 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Neurofilaments (NFs) are not only important for axonal integrity and nerve conduction in large myelinated axons but they are also thought to be crucial for receptor and synaptic functioning. Therefore, NFs may play a critical role in cognitive functions, as cognitive processes are known to depend on synaptic integrity and are modulated by dopaminergic signaling. Here, we present a theory-driven interdisciplinary approach that NFs may link inflammation, neurodegeneration, and cognitive functions. We base our hypothesis on a wealth of evidence suggesting a causal link between inflammation and neurodegeneration and between these two and cognitive decline (see Fig. 1), also taking dopaminergic signaling into account. We conclude that NFs may not only serve as biomarkers for inflammatory, neurodegenerative, and cognitive processes but also represent a potential mechanical hinge between them, moreover, they may even have predictive power regarding future cognitive decline. In addition, we advocate the use of both NFs and MRI parameters, as their synthesis offers the opportunity to individualize medical treatment by providing a comprehensive view of underlying disease activity in neurological diseases. Since our society will become significantly older in the upcoming years and decades, maintaining cognitive functions and healthy aging will play an important role. Thanks to technological advances in recent decades, NFs could serve as a rapid, noninvasive, and relatively inexpensive early warning system to identify individuals at increased risk for cognitive decline and could facilitate the management of cognitive dysfunctions across the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Elmers
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Germany; Center of Clinical Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Lorenza S Colzato
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Germany; Cognitive Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China.
| | - Katja Akgün
- Center of Clinical Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Tjalf Ziemssen
- Center of Clinical Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian Beste
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Germany; Cognitive Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China.
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Grotheer M, Bloom D, Kruper J, Richie-Halford A, Zika S, Aguilera González VA, Yeatman JD, Grill-Spector K, Rokem A. Human white matter myelinates faster in utero than ex utero. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2303491120. [PMID: 37549280 PMCID: PMC10438384 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2303491120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The formation of myelin, the fatty sheath that insulates nerve fibers, is critical for healthy brain function. A fundamental open question is what impact being born has on myelin growth. To address this, we evaluated a large (n = 300) cross-sectional sample of newborns from the Developing Human Connectome Project (dHCP). First, we developed software for the automated identification of 20 white matter bundles in individual newborns that is well suited for large samples. Next, we fit linear models that quantify how T1w/T2w (a myelin-sensitive imaging contrast) changes over time at each point along the bundles. We found faster growth of T1w/T2w along the lengths of all bundles before birth than right after birth. Further, in a separate longitudinal sample of preterm infants (N = 34), we found lower T1w/T2w than in full-term peers measured at the same age. By applying the linear models fit on the cross-section sample to the longitudinal sample of preterm infants, we find that their delay in T1w/T2w growth is well explained by the amount of time they spent developing in utero and ex utero. These results suggest that white matter myelinates faster in utero than ex utero. The reduced rate of myelin growth after birth, in turn, explains lower myelin content in individuals born preterm and could account for long-term cognitive, neurological, and developmental consequences of preterm birth. We hypothesize that closely matching the environment of infants born preterm to what they would have experienced in the womb may reduce delays in myelin growth and hence improve developmental outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mareike Grotheer
- Department of Psychology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg35039, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, Philipps-Universität Marburg and Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Marburg35039, Germany
| | - David Bloom
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98105
- eScience Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98105
| | - John Kruper
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98105
- eScience Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98105
| | - Adam Richie-Halford
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98105
- eScience Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98105
| | - Stephanie Zika
- Department of Psychology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg35039, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, Philipps-Universität Marburg and Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Marburg35039, Germany
| | - Vicente A. Aguilera González
- Department of Psychology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg35039, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, Philipps-Universität Marburg and Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Marburg35039, Germany
| | - Jason D. Yeatman
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
- Graduate School of Education, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
- Division of Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Kalanit Grill-Spector
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Ariel Rokem
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98105
- eScience Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98105
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75
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Shao H, Li S. A new perspective on HIV: effects of HIV on brain-heart axis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1226782. [PMID: 37600062 PMCID: PMC10436320 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1226782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection can cause damage to multiple systems within the body, and the interaction among these various organ systems means that pathological changes in one system can have repercussions on the functions of other systems. However, the current focus of treatment and research on HIV predominantly centers around individual systems without considering the comprehensive relationship among them. The central nervous system (CNS) and cardiovascular system play crucial roles in supporting human life, and their functions are closely intertwined. In this review, we examine the effects of HIV on the CNS, the resulting impact on the cardiovascular system, and the direct damage caused by HIV to the cardiovascular system to provide new perspectives on HIV treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sijun Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, China
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76
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Nishat E, Stojanovski S, Scratch SE, Ameis SH, Wheeler AL. Premature white matter microstructure in female children with a history of concussion. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2023; 62:101275. [PMID: 37441978 PMCID: PMC10439504 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2023.101275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Childhood concussion may interfere with neurodevelopment and influence cognition. Females are more likely to experience persistent symptoms after concussion, yet the sex-specific impact of concussion on brain microstructure in children is understudied. This study examined white matter and cortical microstructure, based on neurite density (ND) from diffusion-weighted MRI, in 9-to-10-year-old children in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study with (n = 336) and without (n = 7368) a history of concussion, and its relationship with cognitive performance. Multivariate regression was used to investigate relationships between ND and group, sex, and age in deep and superficial white matter, subcortical structures, and cortex. Partial least square correlation was performed to identify associations between ND and performance on NIH Toolbox tasks in children with concussion. All tissue types demonstrated higher ND with age, reflecting brain maturation. Group comparisons revealed higher ND in deep and superficial white matter in females with concussion. In female but not male children with concussion, there were significant associations between ND and performance on cognitive tests. These results demonstrate a greater long-term impact of childhood concussion on white matter microstructure in females compared to males that is associated with cognitive function. The increase in ND in females may reflect premature white matter maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Nishat
- Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada; Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Sonja Stojanovski
- Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada; Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Shannon E Scratch
- Department of Paediatrics, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada; Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1V7, Canada; Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M4G 1R8, Canada
| | - Stephanie H Ameis
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada; Cundill Centre for Child and Youth Depression, Margaret and Wallace McCain Centre for Child, Youth and Family Mental Health, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario M6J 1H4, Canada
| | - Anne L Wheeler
- Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada; Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada.
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77
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Boroshok AL, McDermott CL, Fotiadis P, Park AT, Tooley UA, Gataviņš MM, Tisdall MD, Bassett DS, Mackey AP. Individual differences in T1w/T2w ratio development during childhood. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2023; 62:101270. [PMID: 37348147 PMCID: PMC10439503 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2023.101270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Myelination is a key developmental process that promotes rapid and efficient information transfer. Myelin also stabilizes existing brain networks and thus may constrain neuroplasticity, defined here as the brain's potential to change in response to experiences rather than the canonical definition as the process of change. Characterizing individual differences in neuroplasticity may shed light on mechanisms by which early experiences shape learning, brain and body development, and response to interventions. The T1-weighted/T2-weighted (T1w/T2w) MRI signal ratio is a proxy measure of cortical microstructure and thus neuroplasticity. Here, in pre-registered analyses, we investigated individual differences in T1w/T2w ratios in children (ages 4-10, n = 157). T1w/T2w ratios were positively associated with age within early-developing sensorimotor and attention regions. We also tested whether socioeconomic status, cognition (crystallized knowledge or fluid reasoning), and biological age (as measured with molar eruption) were related to T1w/T2w signal but found no significant effects. Associations among T1w/T2w ratios, early experiences, and cognition may emerge later in adolescence and may not be strong enough to detect in moderate sample sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin L Boroshok
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | | | - Panagiotis Fotiadis
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Anne T Park
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ursula A Tooley
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, USA; Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, USA
| | - Mārtiņš M Gataviņš
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - M Dylan Tisdall
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dani S Bassett
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Electrical & Systems Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Physics & Astronomy, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, USA
| | - Allyson P Mackey
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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78
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Zhou Y, Zhang J. Neuronal activity and remyelination: new insights into the molecular mechanisms and therapeutic advancements. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1221890. [PMID: 37564376 PMCID: PMC10410458 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1221890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This article reviews the role of neuronal activity in myelin regeneration and the related neural signaling pathways. The article points out that neuronal activity can stimulate the formation and regeneration of myelin, significantly improve its conduction speed and neural signal processing ability, maintain axonal integrity, and support axonal nutrition. However, myelin damage is common in various clinical diseases such as multiple sclerosis, stroke, dementia, and schizophrenia. Although myelin regeneration exists in these diseases, it is often incomplete and cannot promote functional recovery. Therefore, seeking other ways to improve myelin regeneration in clinical trials in recent years is of great significance. Research has shown that controlling neuronal excitability may become a new intervention method for the clinical treatment of demyelinating diseases. The article discusses the latest research progress of neuronal activity on myelin regeneration, including direct or indirect stimulation methods, and the related neural signaling pathways, including glutamatergic, GABAergic, cholinergic, histaminergic, purinergic and voltage-gated ion channel signaling pathways, revealing that seeking treatment strategies to promote myelin regeneration through precise regulation of neuronal activity has broad prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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79
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Faraji J, Metz GAS. Toward reframing brain-social dynamics: current assumptions and future challenges. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1211442. [PMID: 37484686 PMCID: PMC10359502 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1211442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Evolutionary analyses suggest that the human social brain and sociality appeared together. The two fundamental tools that accelerated the concurrent emergence of the social brain and sociality include learning and plasticity. The prevailing core idea is that the primate brain and the cortex in particular became reorganised over the course of evolution to facilitate dynamic adaptation to ongoing changes in physical and social environments. Encouraged by computational or survival demands or even by instinctual drives for living in social groups, the brain eventually learned how to learn from social experience via its massive plastic capacity. A fundamental framework for modeling these orchestrated dynamic responses is that social plasticity relies upon neuroplasticity. In the present article, we first provide a glimpse into the concepts of plasticity, experience, with emphasis on social experience. We then acknowledge and integrate the current theoretical concepts to highlight five key intertwined assumptions within social neuroscience that underlie empirical approaches for explaining the brain-social dynamics. We suggest that this epistemological view provides key insights into the ontology of current conceptual frameworks driving future research to successfully deal with new challenges and possible caveats in favour of the formulation of novel assumptions. In the light of contemporary societal challenges, such as global pandemics, natural disasters, violent conflict, and other human tragedies, discovering the mechanisms of social brain plasticity will provide new approaches to support adaptive brain plasticity and social resilience.
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80
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Rahman F, Tuli SN, Mondal P, Sultana S, Hossain A, Kundu S, Clara AA, Hossain A. Home environment factors associated with early childhood development in rural areas of Bangladesh: evidence from a national survey. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1209068. [PMID: 37448657 PMCID: PMC10338095 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1209068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Knowing the relationship between the factors related to home environment and early childhood development (ECD) in Bangladeshi children aged 3 to 4 years would help to find out appropriate interventions for the children with lower ECD outcomes. Therefore, we aimed to understand the relationship between the home environment factors and ECD in rural Bangladeshi children aged 3 to 4 years. Methods We used data from the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) 2019, and included 7,326 rural children aged 3 to 4 years. The ECD index (ECDI) included four domains: literacy-numeracy, learning, physical and socio-emotional development. If a child met at least three of these four domains, the child was indicated as developmentally "on track". Results The findings show that 27.4% of rural children missed to reach developmentally on-track while 72.2% of children did not attain the literacy-numeracy domain of ECD. The home environment factors including parental participation in children's activities, was found to be associated with ECD. For instance, reading books to child had 26% (aOR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.08-1.48), and telling stories to child had 29% (aOR = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.09-1.53) more developmentally on-track in overall ECDI. Similar associations between home environment factors and specific ECD domains were also obtained. We also identified that children aged 4 years, girls, and children of mothers with higher socio-economic status (SES) were higher developmentally on-track than their counterparts. Conclusion Home environment factors like reading books and telling stories to children were found to be significantly associated with ECD in rural areas of Bangladesh. Our study's findings would assist in implementing the essential public health intervention to enhance the ECD program especially in the rural Bangladeshi context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzana Rahman
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Armed Forces Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Samiha Nahar Tuli
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Prasenjit Mondal
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, QLD, Australia
| | - Shakina Sultana
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Asmita Hossain
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Z.H. Sikder Women’s Medical College and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Satyajit Kundu
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Afrin Ahmed Clara
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Ahmed Hossain
- College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Global Health Institute, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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81
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Park J, Moon JH, O'Shea H, Shin D, Hwang SU, Li L, Lee H, Brimble E, Lee J, Clark S, Lee SK, Jeon S. The patient-specific mouse model with Foxg1 frameshift mutation uncovers the pathophysiology of FOXG1 syndrome. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2953760. [PMID: 37398410 PMCID: PMC10312924 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2953760/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Single allelic mutations in the gene encoding the forebrain-specific transcription factor FOXG1 lead to FOXG1 syndrome (FS). Patient-specific animal models are needed to understand the etiology of FS, as FS patients show a wide spectrum of symptoms correlated with location and mutation type in the FOXG1 gene. Here we report the first patient-specific FS mouse model, Q84Pfs heterozygous (Q84Pfs-Het) mice, mimicking one of the most predominant single nucleotide variants in FS. Intriguingly, we found that Q84Pfs-Het mice faithfully recapitulate human FS phenotypes at the cellular, brain structural, and behavioral levels. Importantly, Q84Pfs-Het mice exhibited myelination deficits like FS patients. Further, our transcriptome analysis of Q84Pfs-Het cortex revealed a new role for FOXG1 in synapse and oligodendrocyte development. The dysregulated genes in Q84Pfs-Het brains also predicted motor dysfunction and autism-like phenotypes. Correspondingly, Q84Pfs-Het mice showed movement deficits, repetitive behaviors, increased anxiety, and prolonged behavior arrest. Together, our study revealed the crucial postnatal role of FOXG1 in neuronal maturation and myelination and elucidated the essential pathophysiology mechanisms of FS.
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82
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Maciak K, Dziedzic A, Saluk J. Remyelination in multiple sclerosis from the miRNA perspective. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1199313. [PMID: 37333618 PMCID: PMC10270307 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1199313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Remyelination relies on the repair of damaged myelin sheaths, involving microglia cells, oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), and mature oligodendrocytes. This process drives the pathophysiology of autoimmune chronic disease of the central nervous system (CNS), multiple sclerosis (MS), leading to nerve cell damage and progressive neurodegeneration. Stimulating the reconstruction of damaged myelin sheaths is one of the goals in terms of delaying the progression of MS symptoms and preventing neuronal damage. Short, noncoding RNA molecules, microRNAs (miRNAs), responsible for regulating gene expression, are believed to play a crucial role in the remyelination process. For example, studies showed that miR-223 promotes efficient activation and phagocytosis of myelin debris by microglia, which is necessary for the initiation of remyelination. Meanwhile, miR-124 promotes the return of activated microglia to the quiescent state, while miR-204 and miR-219 promote the differentiation of mature oligodendrocytes. Furthermore, miR-138, miR-145, and miR-338 have been shown to be involved in the synthesis and assembly of myelin proteins. Various delivery systems, including extracellular vesicles, hold promise as an efficient and non-invasive way for providing miRNAs to stimulate remyelination. This article summarizes the biology of remyelination as well as current challenges and strategies for miRNA molecules in potential diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
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83
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Ross JA, Levy S. The Impact of Cannabis Use on Adolescent Neurodevelopment and Clinical Outcomes Amidst Changing State Policies. Clin Ther 2023; 45:535-540. [PMID: 37414504 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2023.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Cannabis is the most common illicit substance used by adolescents and the third most common psychoactive substance after alcohol and nicotine. Cannabis use during adolescence interrupts a critical period of brain development and leads to inappropriate activation of the reward pathway. Because the prefrontal cortex, which is responsible for impulse control and other executive functions, is not fully mature until the mid-twenties, the adolescent brain is especially vulnerable to damage from substance use. Although cannabis remains illegal at the federal level, recent changes in state policies have been associated with increased availability of a wide variety of cannabis products. As new products, formulations, and delivery devices that can deliver higher and faster peak doses of tetrahydrocannabinol enter the market, there is an even greater potential for cannabis to have negative clinical impacts on adolescent health. This article reviews the current literature on the impact of cannabis on adolescent health, including the neurobiology of the adolescent brain, potential clinical outcomes in adolescents who use cannabis, and the effects of changing state policies regarding cannabis on the increased availability of unregulated products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Ross
- Adolescent Substance Use and Addiction Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
| | - Sharon Levy
- Adolescent Substance Use and Addiction Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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84
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Doheny MM, Lighthall NR. Social cognitive neuroscience in the digital age. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1168788. [PMID: 37323935 PMCID: PMC10265515 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1168788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Human interactions are increasingly taking place from a distance through methods of remote interpersonal communication like video chatting and social media. While remote interpersonal communication has existed for millennia-with the first postal system arising in ∼2400 B.C.-accelerated advances in technology and the recent global COVID-19 pandemic have led to a dramatic increase in remote interpersonal communication use in daily life. Remote interpersonal communication presents a challenge to the field of social-cognitive neuroscience, as researchers seek to understand the implications of various types of remote interpersonal communication for the "social brain." The present paper reviews our current understanding of the social-cognitive neural network and summarizes critical differences between the neural correlates of social cognition in remote vs. face-to-face interactions. In particular, empirical and theoretical work is reviewed that highlight disparities in the neural mechanisms of social perception, evaluation of social stimuli, human motivation, evaluation of social reward, and theory of mind. Potential impacts of remote interpersonal communication on the development of the brain's social-cognitive network are also discussed. Finally, this review closes with future directions for research on social-cognitive neuroscience in our digital technology-connected world and outlines a neural model for social cognition in the context of remote interpersonal communication. For the field of social-cognitive neuroscience to advance alongside of the ever-evolving society, it is crucial for researchers to acknowledge the implications and concepts suggested for future research in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret M. Doheny
- Department of Psychology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
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85
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Alterations in EEG functional connectivity in individuals with depression: A systematic review. J Affect Disord 2023; 328:287-302. [PMID: 36801418 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.01.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
The brain works as an organised, network-like structure of functionally interconnected regions. Disruptions to interconnectivity in certain networks have been linked to symptoms of depression and impairments in cognition. Electroencephalography (EEG) is a low-burden tool by which differences in functional connectivity (FC) can be assessed. This systematic review aims to provide a synthesis of evidence relating to EEG FC in depression. A comprehensive electronic literature search for terms relating to depression, EEG, and FC was conducted on studies published before the end of November 2021, according to PRISMA guidelines. Studies comparing EEG measures of FC of individuals with depression to that of healthy control groups were included. Data was extracted by two independent reviewers, and the quality of EEG FC methods was assessed. Fifty-two studies assessing EEG FC in depression were identified: 36 assessed resting-state FC, and 16 assessed task-related or other (i.e., sleep) FC. Somewhat consistent findings in resting-state studies suggest for no differences between depression and control groups in EEG FC in the delta and gamma frequencies. However, while most resting-state studies noted a difference in alpha, theta, and beta, no clear conclusions could be drawn about the direction of the difference, due to considerable inconsistencies between study design and methodology. This was also true for task-related and other EEG FC. More robust research is needed to understand the true differences in EEG FC in depression. Given that the FC between brain regions drives behaviour, cognition, and emotion, characterising how FC differs in depression is essential for understanding the aetiology of depression.
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Izumi Y, Ishikawa M, Nakazawa T, Kunikata H, Sato K, Covey DF, Zorumski CF. Neurosteroids as stress modulators and neurotherapeutics: lessons from the retina. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:1004-1008. [PMID: 36254981 PMCID: PMC9827771 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.355752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurosteroids are rapidly emerging as important new therapies in neuropsychiatry, with one such agent, brexanolone, already approved for treatment of postpartum depression, and others on the horizon. These steroids have unique properties, including neuroprotective effects that could benefit a wide range of brain illnesses including depression, anxiety, epilepsy, and neurodegeneration. Over the past 25 years, our group has developed ex vivo rodent models to examine factors contributing to several forms of neurodegeneration in the retina. In the course of this work, we have developed a model of acute closed angle glaucoma that involves incubation of ex vivo retinas under hyperbaric conditions and results in neuronal and axonal changes that mimic glaucoma. We have used this model to determine neuroprotective mechanisms that could have therapeutic implications. In particular, we have focused on the role of both endogenous and exogenous neurosteroids in modulating the effects of acute high pressure. Endogenous allopregnanolone, a major stress-activated neurosteroid in the brain and retina, helps to prevent severe pressure-induced retinal excitotoxicity but is unable to protect against degenerative changes in ganglion cells and their axons under hyperbaric conditions. However, exogenous allopregnanolone, at a pharmacological concentration, completely preserves retinal structure and does so by combined effects on gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptors and stimulation of the cellular process of macroautophagy. Surprisingly, the enantiomer of allopregnanolone, which is inactive at gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptors, is equally retinoprotective and acts primarily via autophagy. Both enantiomers are also equally effective in preserving retinal structure and function in an in vivo glaucoma model. These studies in the retina have important implications for the ongoing development of allopregnanolone and other neurosteroids as therapeutics for neuropsychiatric illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukitoshi Izumi
- Department of Psychiatry and Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Makoto Ishikawa
- Department of Ophthalmic Imaging and Information Analytics; Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Toru Nakazawa
- Department of Ophthalmic Imaging and Information Analytics; Department of Ophthalmology; Department of Retinal Disease Control; Department of Advanced Ophthalmic Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kunikata
- Department of Ophthalmology; Department of Retinal Disease Control, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kota Sato
- Department of Ophthalmic Imaging and Information Analytics; Department of Advanced Ophthalmic Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Douglas F Covey
- Department of Psychiatry and Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research; Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Charles F Zorumski
- Department of Psychiatry and Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Homer B, Judd J, Mohammadi Dehcheshmeh M, Ebrahimie E, Trott DJ. Gut Microbiota and Behavioural Issues in Production, Performance, and Companion Animals: A Systematic Review. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13091458. [PMID: 37174495 PMCID: PMC10177538 DOI: 10.3390/ani13091458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The literature has identified poor nutrition as the leading factor in the manifestation of many behavioural issues in animals, including aggression, hyperalertness, and stereotypies. Literature focused on all species of interest consistently reported that although there were no significant differences in the richness of specific bacterial taxa in the microbiota of individual subjects with abnormal behaviour (termed alpha diversity), there was variability in species diversity between these subjects compared to controls (termed beta diversity). As seen in humans with mental disorders, animals exhibiting abnormal behaviour often have an enrichment of pro-inflammatory and lactic acid-producing bacteria and a reduction in butyrate-producing bacteria. It is evident from the literature that an association exists between gut microbiota diversity (and by extension, the concurrent production of microbial metabolites) and abnormal behavioural phenotypes across various species, including pigs, dogs, and horses. Similar microbiota population changes are also evident in human mental health patients. However, there are insufficient data to identify this association as a cause or effect. This review provides testable hypotheses for future research to establish causal relationships between gut microbiota and behavioural issues in animals, offering promising potential for the development of novel therapeutic and/or preventative interventions aimed at restoring a healthy gut-brain-immune axis to mitigate behavioural issues and, in turn, improve health, performance, and production in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie Homer
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5371, Australia
| | - Jackson Judd
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5371, Australia
| | | | - Esmaeil Ebrahimie
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5371, Australia
- Genomics Research Platform, School of Life Sciences, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Darren J Trott
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5371, Australia
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Umminger LF, Rojczyk P, Seitz-Holland J, Sollmann N, Kaufmann E, Kinzel P, Zhang F, Kochsiek J, Langhein M, Kim CL, Wiegand TLT, Kilts JD, Naylor JC, Grant GA, Rathi Y, Coleman MJ, Bouix S, Tripodis Y, Pasternak O, George MS, McAllister TW, Zafonte R, Stein MB, O'Donnell LJ, Marx CE, Shenton ME, Koerte IK. White Matter Microstructure Is Associated with Serum Neuroactive Steroids and Psychological Functioning. J Neurotrauma 2023; 40:649-664. [PMID: 36324218 PMCID: PMC10061338 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2022.0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Military service members are at increased risk for mental health issues, and comorbidity with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is common. Largely overlapping symptoms between conditions suggest a shared pathophysiology. The present work investigates the associations among white matter microstructure, psychological functioning, and serum neuroactive steroids that are part of the stress-response system. Diffusion-weighted brain imaging was acquired from 163 participants (with and without military affiliation) and free-water-corrected fractional anisotropy (FAT) was extracted. Associations between serum neurosteroid levels of allopregnanolone (ALLO) and pregnenolone (PREGNE), psychological functioning, and whole-brain white matter microstructure were assessed using regression models. Moderation models tested the effect of mTBI and comorbid post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and mTBI on these associations. ALLO is associated with whole-brain white matter FAT (β = 0.24, t = 3.05, p = 0.006). This association is significantly modulated by PTSD+mTBI comorbidity (β = 0.00, t = 2.50, p = 0.027), although an mTBI diagnosis alone did not significantly impact this association (p = 0.088). There was no significant association between PREGNE and FAT (p = 0.380). Importantly, lower FAT is associated with poor psychological functioning (β = -0.19, t = -2.35, p = 0.020). This study provides novel insight into a potential common pathophysiological mechanism of neurosteroid dysregulation underlying the high risk for mental health issues in military service members. Further, comorbidity of PTSD and mTBI may bring the compensatory effects of the brain's stress response to their limit. Future research is needed to investigate whether neurosteroid regulation may be a promising tool for restoring brain health and improving psychological functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa F. Umminger
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- cBRAIN, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatic and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Philine Rojczyk
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- cBRAIN, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatic and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Johanna Seitz-Holland
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nico Sollmann
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- cBRAIN, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatic and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- TUM-Neuroimaging Center, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Kaufmann
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- cBRAIN, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatic and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Epilepsy Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Philipp Kinzel
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- cBRAIN, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatic and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Fan Zhang
- Laboratory of Mathematics in Imaging, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Janna Kochsiek
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- cBRAIN, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatic and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Mina Langhein
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Cara L. Kim
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- cBRAIN, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatic and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Tim L. T. Wiegand
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- cBRAIN, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatic and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Jason D. Kilts
- VA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research and Clinical Center (MIRECC) and Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NorthCarolina, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavior Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jennifer C. Naylor
- VA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research and Clinical Center (MIRECC) and Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NorthCarolina, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavior Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Gerald A. Grant
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Yogesh Rathi
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael J. Coleman
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sylvain Bouix
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yorghos Tripodis
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease and CTE Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ofer Pasternak
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mark S. George
- Psychiatry Department, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
- Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Thomas W. McAllister
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Ross Zafonte
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Murray B. Stein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- School of Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Psychiatry Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Lauren J. O'Donnell
- Laboratory of Mathematics in Imaging, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christine E. Marx
- VA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research and Clinical Center (MIRECC) and Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NorthCarolina, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavior Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Martha E. Shenton
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Inga K. Koerte
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- cBRAIN, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatic and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Graduate School of Systemic Neuroscience, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
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89
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Teo JD, Marian OC, Spiteri AG, Nicholson M, Song H, Khor JXY, McEwen HP, Ge A, Sen MK, Piccio L, Fletcher JL, King NJC, Murray SS, Brüning JC, Don AS. Early microglial response, myelin deterioration and lethality in mice deficient for very long chain ceramide synthesis in oligodendrocytes. Glia 2023; 71:1120-1141. [PMID: 36583573 PMCID: PMC10952316 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The sphingolipids galactosylceramide (GalCer), sulfatide (ST) and sphingomyelin (SM) are essential for myelin stability and function. GalCer and ST are synthesized mostly from C22-C24 ceramides, generated by Ceramide Synthase 2 (CerS2). To clarify the requirement for C22-C24 sphingolipid synthesis in myelin biosynthesis and stability, we generated mice lacking CerS2 specifically in myelinating cells (CerS2ΔO/ΔO ). At 6 weeks of age, normal-appearing myelin had formed in CerS2ΔO/ΔO mice, however there was a reduction in myelin thickness and the percentage of myelinated axons. Pronounced loss of C22-C24 sphingolipids in myelin of CerS2ΔO/ΔO mice was compensated by greatly increased levels of C18 sphingolipids. A distinct microglial population expressing high levels of activation and phagocytic markers such as CD64, CD11c, MHC class II, and CD68 was apparent at 6 weeks of age in CerS2ΔO/ΔO mice, and had increased by 10 weeks. Increased staining for denatured myelin basic protein was also apparent in 6-week-old CerS2ΔO/ΔO mice. By 16 weeks, CerS2ΔO/ΔO mice showed pronounced myelin atrophy, motor deficits, and axon beading, a hallmark of axon stress. 90% of CerS2ΔO/ΔO mice died between 16 and 26 weeks of age. This study highlights the importance of sphingolipid acyl chain length for the structural integrity of myelin, demonstrating how a modest reduction in lipid chain length causes exposure of a denatured myelin protein epitope and expansion of phagocytic microglia, followed by axon pathology, myelin degeneration, and motor deficits. Understanding the molecular trigger for microglial activation should aid the development of therapeutics for demyelinating and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D. Teo
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Medical SciencesThe University of SydneyCamperdownNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Oana C. Marian
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Medical SciencesThe University of SydneyCamperdownNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Alanna G. Spiteri
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Medical SciencesThe University of SydneyCamperdownNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Madeline Nicholson
- Department of Anatomy and PhysiologyThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Huitong Song
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Medical SciencesThe University of SydneyCamperdownNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Jasmine X. Y. Khor
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Medical SciencesThe University of SydneyCamperdownNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Holly P. McEwen
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Medical SciencesThe University of SydneyCamperdownNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Anjie Ge
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Medical SciencesThe University of SydneyCamperdownNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Monokesh K. Sen
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Medical SciencesThe University of SydneyCamperdownNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Laura Piccio
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Medical SciencesThe University of SydneyCamperdownNew South WalesAustralia
- Department of NeurologyWashington University School of MedicineSt LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Jessica L. Fletcher
- Menzies Institute for Medical ResearchThe University of TasmaniaHobartTasmaniaAustralia
| | - Nicholas J. C. King
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Medical SciencesThe University of SydneyCamperdownNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Simon S. Murray
- Department of Anatomy and PhysiologyThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | | | - Anthony S. Don
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Medical SciencesThe University of SydneyCamperdownNew South WalesAustralia
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90
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Wei M, Chen Z, Lv C, Cen W, Zheng J. The alterations of spontaneous neural activities and white matter microstructures in anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis: a resting-state fMRI and DTI study. Neurol Sci 2023; 44:1341-1350. [PMID: 36571641 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-022-06574-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Limited studies had jointly excavated the structural and functional changes in cognitive deficit in anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis patients. We aimed to explore these changes in anti-NMDAR patients and their effect on cognitive function. METHODS Twenty-three patients and 25 healthy controls (HCs) underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging, diffusion tensor imaging scanning, and neuroethology tests. The significantly differentiated brain regions via the fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF) were defined as regions of interest (ROIs). Granger causal, functional connectivity, and tract-based spatial statistical analyses were applied to explore the functional changes in ROIs and assess the structural changes. RESULTS HCs outperformed patients in Montreal Cognitive Assessment. The fALFF values of right gyrus rectus (RGR) in patients were significantly reduced. The fractional anisotropy (FA) values of WM in the genu of corpus callosum and right superior corona radiata were significantly decreased and positively associated with neuroethology testing scores. The Granger causal connectivity (GCC) from the left inferior parietal lobule to RGR was significantly decreased and positively associated with inherent vigilance. Indicated by the multiple linear regression result, decreased FA value of the right superior corona radiata might be a reliable marker that reflects the cognitive impairment. CONCLUSIONS Significant changes in spontaneous neural activities, GCC, and WM structures in anti-NMDAR encephalitis were reported. These findings promote the understanding of underlying relationships between cerebral function, structural network alterations, and cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minda Wei
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Zexiang Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Caitiao Lv
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Weining Cen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Jinou Zheng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.
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91
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Zhang S, Li B, Jiang J, Hu X, Li H, Cao L, Zhou Z, Liang K, Zhou H, Zhang L, Gong Q, Huang X. Abnormal focal segments in left uncinate fasciculus in adults with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1128808. [PMID: 37065900 PMCID: PMC10098161 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1128808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although the specific role of the uncinate fasciculus (UF) in emotional processing in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has been investigated, the exact focal abnormalities in the UF have not been identified. The aim of the current study was to identify focal abnormalities in the white matter (WM) microstructure of the UF and to determine the associations between clinical features and structural neural substrates. Methods In total, 71 drug-naïve patients with OCD and 81 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs) were included. Automated fiber quantification (AFQ), a tract-based quantitative approach, was adopted to measure alterations in diffusion parameters, including fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), radial diffusivity (RD) and axial diffusivity (AD), along the trajectory of the UF. Additionally, we utilized partial correlation analyses to explore the relationship between the altered diffusion parameters and clinical characteristics. Results OCD patients showed significantly higher FA and lower RD at the level of the temporal and insular portions in the left UF than HCs. In the insular segments of the left UF, increased FA was positively correlated with the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) score, while decreased RD was negatively correlated with the duration of illness. Conclusion We observed specific focal abnormalities in the left UF in adult patients with OCD. Correlations with measures of anxiety and duration of illness underscore the functional importance of the insular portion of left UF disturbance in OCD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suming Zhang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Psychoradiology Research Unit of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bin Li
- Mental Health Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiaxin Jiang
- Mental Health Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xinyu Hu
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Psychoradiology Research Unit of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hailong Li
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Psychoradiology Research Unit of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lingxiao Cao
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Psychoradiology Research Unit of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zilin Zhou
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Psychoradiology Research Unit of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Kaili Liang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Psychoradiology Research Unit of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Huan Zhou
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Psychoradiology Research Unit of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lianqing Zhang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Psychoradiology Research Unit of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Radiology, West China Xiamen Hospital of Sichuan University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaoqi Huang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Psychoradiology Research Unit of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Milbocker KA, Smith IF, Brengel EK, LeBlanc GL, Roth TL, Klintsova AY. Exercise in Adolescence Enhances Callosal White Matter Refinement in the Female Brain in a Rat Model of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders. Cells 2023; 12:cells12070975. [PMID: 37048047 PMCID: PMC10092997 DOI: 10.3390/cells12070975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
A total of 1 in 20 infants born annually are exposed to alcohol prenatally, which disrupts neurodevelopment and results in several disorders categorized under the umbrella term Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD). Children and adolescents affected by FASD exhibit delayed maturation of cerebral white matter, which contributes to deficits in executive function, visuospatial processing, sensory integration, and interhemispheric communication. Research using animal models of FASD have uncovered that oligoglia proliferation, differentiation, and survival are vulnerable to alcohol teratogenesis in the male brain due in part to the activation of the neuroimmune system during gestation and infancy. A comprehensive investigation of prenatal alcohol exposure on white matter development in the female brain is limited. This study demonstrated that the number of mature oligodendrocytes and the production of myelin basic protein were reduced first in the female corpus callosum following alcohol exposure in a rat model of FASD. Analysis of myelin-related genes confirmed that myelination occurs earlier in the female corpus callosum compared to their counterparts, irrespective of postnatal treatment. Moreover, dysregulated oligodendrocyte number and myelin basic protein production was observed in the male and female FASD brain in adolescence. Targeted interventions that support white matter development in FASD-affected youth are nonexistent. The capacity for an adolescent exercise intervention to upregulate corpus callosum myelination was evaluated: we discovered that volunteer exercise increases the number of mature oligodendrocytes in alcohol-exposed female rats. This study provides critical evidence that oligoglia differentiation is difficult but not impossible to induce in the female FASD brain in adolescence following a behavioral intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina A Milbocker
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Ian F Smith
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Eric K Brengel
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Gillian L LeBlanc
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Tania L Roth
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Anna Y Klintsova
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
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93
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Li B, Zhao H, Tu Z, Yang W, Han R, Wang L, Luo X, Pan M, Chen X, Zhang J, Xu H, Guo X, Yan S, Yin P, Zhao Z, Liu J, Luo Y, Li Y, Yang Z, Zhang B, Tan Z, Xu H, Jiang T, Jiang YH, Li S, Zhang YQ, Li XJ. CHD8 mutations increase gliogenesis to enlarge brain size in the nonhuman primate. Cell Discov 2023; 9:27. [PMID: 36878905 PMCID: PMC9988832 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-023-00525-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition that affects social interaction and behavior. Mutations in the gene encoding chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 8 (CHD8) lead to autism symptoms and macrocephaly by a haploinsufficiency mechanism. However, studies of small animal models showed inconsistent findings about the mechanisms for CHD8 deficiency-mediated autism symptoms and macrocephaly. Using the nonhuman primate as a model system, we found that CRISPR/Cas9-mediated CHD8 mutations in the embryos of cynomolgus monkeys led to increased gliogenesis to cause macrocephaly in cynomolgus monkeys. Disrupting CHD8 in the fetal monkey brain prior to gliogenesis increased the number of glial cells in newborn monkeys. Moreover, knocking down CHD8 via CRISPR/Cas9 in organotypic monkey brain slices from newborn monkeys also enhanced the proliferation of glial cells. Our findings suggest that gliogenesis is critical for brain size in primates and that abnormal gliogenesis may contribute to ASD.
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Grants
- UL1 TR001863 NCATS NIH HHS
- This work was supported by Department of Science and Technology of Guangdong Province (2021ZT09Y007; 2020B121201006, 2018B030337001, X.J. Li), Guangzhou Key Research Program on Brain Science (202007030008, X.J. Li)the National Science Foundation of China to X.J. Li (81830032, 31872779).
- the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence Fund (2019018, B. Li), the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China (2019M653275, B. Li)
- the National Science Foundation of China to H. Zhao (32100783)
- the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (21619104, L. Wang)
- the Strategic Priority Research Program B of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDBS1020100 to Y.Q. Zhang), the National Key Research and Development Program (2019YFA0707100 and 2021ZD0203901 to Y.Q. Zhang),the National Science Foundation of China to Y.Q. Zhang (31830036 and 31921002).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bang Li
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuchi Tu
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Weili Yang
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Rui Han
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET/CT-MRI Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University & Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaopeng Luo
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingtian Pan
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiusheng Chen
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiawei Zhang
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Huijuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangyu Guo
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Sen Yan
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Peng Yin
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiguang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianrong Liu
- Yuanxi Biotech Inc., Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yafeng Luo
- Yuanxi Biotech Inc., Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuefeng Li
- Guangdong Landau Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhengyi Yang
- Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Baogui Zhang
- Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiqiang Tan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET/CT-MRI Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University & Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET/CT-MRI Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University & Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tianzi Jiang
- Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yong-Hui Jiang
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Shihua Li
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yong Q Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiao-Jiang Li
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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94
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Schneider N, Mainardi F, Budisavljevic S, Rolands M, Deoni S. Associations between Early Life Nutrient Intakes and Brain Maturation Show Developmental Dynamics from Infancy to Toddlerhood: A Neuroimaging Observation Study. J Nutr 2023; 153:897-908. [PMID: 36931756 PMCID: PMC10196598 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myelin imaging has increasingly been applied to study the impact of nutrition on brain development in recent years. Although individual dynamics for nutrient intakes and myelin trajectories previously have been investigated across childhood, the longitudinal interaction between both remains unclear in typically developed children. OBJECTIVES The objective of this work was to explore the developmental dynamics of nutrient-myelin interactions from infancy to early childhood using myelin imaging as a marker for brain maturation. METHODS Brain neuroimaging (1 scan per child) and dietary nutrient intake data were analyzed for 88 nutrients from 293 children (127 female, 62% White) from a longitudinal cohort study in the United States. A sliding window approach was used to investigate correlations between nutrient intakes and brain myelination over a continuous set of age windows. Image processing techniques (Sobel-filter vertical edge detection) were applied to determine age windows with unique association profiles, providing novel insight into how these relationships change with child age. RESULTS We identified 3 nutrient-myelin windows covering the age range of 1-5 y: window 1 from 6 to 20 mo with 60% positive nutrient correlations, window 2 from 20 to 30 mo with 20% positive correlations, and window 3 from 30 to 60 mo with 37% positive correlations. The windows are aligned with reported myelin and white matter dynamics that change in the first 5 y from fast and steep (window 1) to continued but slower growth (window 3), with window 2 possibly representing the inflection period. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first study in typically developing children demonstrating the developmental dynamics between early life nutrient intakes and brain maturation in toddlerhood. The knowledge can be applied for identifying targeted and brain-stage-appropriate nutritional interventions for this critical stage of brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Schneider
- Brain Health Department, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Société des Produits Nestlé SA, Vers-Chez-les-Blanc, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Fabio Mainardi
- Applied Data Analytics Group, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Société des Produits Nestlé SA, Vers-Chez-les-Blanc, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sanja Budisavljevic
- Brain Health Department, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Société des Produits Nestlé SA, Vers-Chez-les-Blanc, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maryann Rolands
- Nutrition Science Group, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Société des Produits Nestlé SA, Vers-Chez-les-Blanc, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sean Deoni
- Advanced Baby Imaging Lab, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA; Department of Radiology, Warren Alpert Medical School at Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; Spinn Neuroscience, Seattle, WA, USA
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95
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Cooper R, Di Biase MA, Bei B, Allen NB, Schwartz O, Whittle S, Cropley V. Development of morning-eveningness in adolescence: implications for brain development and psychopathology. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2023; 64:449-460. [PMID: 36325967 PMCID: PMC10952670 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Morning-evening preference is defined as an individual's preference for a morning- or evening-oriented rhythm. Across adolescence, a preference for eveningness becomes more predominant. Although eveningness is cross-sectionally associated with internalizing and externalizing psychopathology, few studies have examined developmental changes in eveningness and its potential biological substrates. Here, we investigated the longitudinal relationships among the trajectory of eveningness preference, internalizing and externalizing psychopathology and white matter development, across adolescence. METHODS Two-hundred and nine adolescents (49% male) were assessed longitudinally at four separate time points between 12 and 19 years of age. Morning-evening preference and internalizing and externalizing symptoms were assessed at each time point. Diffusion-weighted images were acquired on a subset of participants at the final two time points to estimate changes in global mean fractional anisotropy (FA). Linear mixed models were performed to estimate the change in eveningness over time. A series of linear regression models assessed the influence of change in eveningness on psychopathology and white matter development at age 19. RESULTS Across the sample, a preference for eveningness became more predominant by 19 years of age. Greater individual-level change towards eveningness significantly predicted greater severity in externalizing, but not internalizing, symptoms at 19 years of age. In contrast, change in psychopathology from 12 to 19 years of age was not associated with morning-eveningness at age 19. A change towards eveningness predicted an attenuated increase in FA between 17 and 19 years of age. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that developmental changes in morning-evening preference may predict both neurodevelopmental and psychological outcomes in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Cooper
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry CentreThe University of Melbourne and Melbourne HealthMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Maria A. Di Biase
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry CentreThe University of Melbourne and Melbourne HealthMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Bei Bei
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological SciencesMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | | | - Orli Schwartz
- Orygen Centre for Youth Mental HealthMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Sarah Whittle
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry CentreThe University of Melbourne and Melbourne HealthMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Vanessa Cropley
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry CentreThe University of Melbourne and Melbourne HealthMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
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96
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Gagnon A, Grenier G, Bocti C, Gillet V, Lepage JF, Baccarelli AA, Posner J, Descoteaux M, Takser L. White matter microstructural variability linked to differential attentional skills and impulsive behavior in a pediatric population. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:1895-1912. [PMID: 35535719 PMCID: PMC9977366 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have suggested a neuroanatomical basis that may underly attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but the anatomical ground truth remains unknown. In addition, the role of the white matter (WM) microstructure related to attention and impulsivity in a general pediatric population is still not well understood. Using a state-of-the-art structural connectivity pipeline based on the Brainnetome atlas extracting WM connections and its subsections, we applied dimensionality reduction techniques to obtain biologically interpretable WM measures. We selected the top 10 connections-of-interests (located in frontal, parietal, occipital, and basal ganglia regions) with robust anatomical and statistical criteria. We correlated WM measures with psychometric test metrics (Conner's Continuous Performance Test 3) in 171 children (27 Dx ADHD, 3Dx ASD, 9-13 years old) from the population-based GESTation and Environment cohort. We found that children with lower microstructural complexity and lower axonal density show a higher impulsive behavior on these connections. When segmenting each connection in subsections, we report WM alterations localized in one or both endpoints reflecting a specific localization of WM alterations along each connection. These results provide new insight in understanding the neurophysiology of attention and impulsivity in a general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Gagnon
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gabrielle Grenier
- Sherbrooke Connectivity Imaging Laboratory (SCIL), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christian Bocti
- Department of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
- Research Center on Aging, CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Virginie Gillet
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Andrea A Baccarelli
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Maxime Descoteaux
- Sherbrooke Connectivity Imaging Laboratory (SCIL), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
- Imeka Solutions Inc, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Larissa Takser
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
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97
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Li ZA, Cai Y, Taylor RL, Eisenstein SA, Barch DM, Marek S, Hershey T. Associations between socioeconomic status and white matter microstructure in children: indirect effects via obesity and cognition. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.02.09.23285150. [PMID: 36798149 PMCID: PMC9934783 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.09.23285150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Importance Both neighborhood and household socioeconomic disadvantage relate to negative health outcomes and altered brain structure in children. It is unclear whether such findings extend to white matter development, and via what mechanisms socioeconomic status (SES) influences the brain. Objective To test independent associations between neighborhood and household SES indicators and white matter microstructure in children, and examine whether body mass index and cognitive function (a proxy of environmental cognitive/sensory stimulation) may plausibly mediate these associations. Design This cross-sectional study used baseline data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study, an ongoing 10-year cohort study tracking child health. Setting School-based recruitment at 21 U.S. sites. Participants Children aged 9 to 11 years and their parents/caregivers completed baseline assessments between October 1 st , 2016 and October 31 st , 2018. Data analysis was conducted from July to December 2022. Exposures Neighborhood disadvantage was derived from area deprivation indices at primary residence. Household SES indicators were total income and the highest parental education attainment. Main Outcomes and Measures Thirty-one major white matter tracts were segmented from diffusion-weighted images. The Restriction Spectrum Imaging (RSI) model was implemented to measure restricted normalized directional (RND; reflecting oriented myelin organization) and isotropic (RNI; reflecting glial/neuronal cell bodies) diffusion in each tract. Obesity-related measures were body mass index (BMI), BMI z -scores, and waist circumference, and cognitive performance was assessed using the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery. Linear mixed-effects models tested the associations between SES indicators and scanner-harmonized RSI metrics. Structural equation models examined indirect effects of obesity and cognitive performance in the significant associations between SES and white mater microstructure summary principal components. Analyses were adjusted for age, sex, pubertal development stage, intracranial volume, and head motion. Results The analytical sample included 8842 children (4299 [48.6%] girls; mean age [SD], 9.9 [0.7] years). Greater neighborhood disadvantage and lower parental education were independently associated with lower RSI-RND in forceps major and corticospinal/pyramidal tracts, and had overlapping associations in the superior longitudinal fasciculus. Lower cognition scores and greater obesity-related measures partially accounted for these SES associations with RSI-RND. Lower household income was related to higher RSI-RNI in almost every tract, and greater neighborhood disadvantage had similar effects in primarily frontolimbic tracts. Lower parental education was uniquely linked to higher RSI-RNI in forceps major. Greater obesity-related measures partially accounted for these SES associations with RSI-RNI. Findings were robust in sensitivity analyses and mostly corroborated using traditional diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Conclusions and Relevance These cross-sectional results demonstrate that both neighborhood and household contexts are relevant to white matter development in children, and suggest cognitive performance and obesity as possible pathways of influence. Interventions targeting obesity reduction and improving cognition from multiple socioeconomic angles may ameliorate brain health in low-SES children. Key Points Question: Are neighborhood and household socioeconomic levels associated with children’s brain white matter microstructure, and if so, do obesity and cognitive performance (reflecting environmental stimulation) mediate the associations?Findings: In a cohort of 8842 children, higher neighborhood disadvantage, lower household income, and lower parental education had independent and overlapping associations with lower restricted directional diffusion and greater restricted isotropic diffusion in white matter. Greater body mass index and poorer cognitive performance partially mediated these associations.Meaning: Both neighborhood and household poverty may contribute to altered white matter development in children. These effects may be partially explained by obesity incidence and poorer cognitive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaolong Adrian Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Yuqi Cai
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Rita L. Taylor
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Sarah A. Eisenstein
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Deanna M. Barch
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Scott Marek
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Tamara Hershey
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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98
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Piekarski DJ, Colich NL, Ho TC. The effects of puberty and sex on adolescent white matter development: A systematic review. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2023; 60:101214. [PMID: 36913887 PMCID: PMC10010971 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2023.101214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Adolescence, the transition between childhood and adulthood, is characterized by rapid brain development in white matter (WM) that is attributed in part to rising levels in adrenal and gonadal hormones. The extent to which pubertal hormones and related neuroendocrine processes explain sex differences in WM during this period is unclear. In this systematic review, we sought to examine whether there are consistent associations between hormonal changes and morphological and microstructural properties of WM across species and whether these effects are sex-specific. We identified 90 (75 human, 15 non-human) studies that met inclusion criteria for our analyses. While studies in human adolescents show notable heterogeneity, results broadly demonstrate that increases in gonadal hormones across pubertal development are associated with macro- and microstructural changes in WM tracts that are consistent with the sex differences found in non-human animals, particularly in the corpus callosum. We discuss limitations of the current state of the science and recommend important future directions for investigators in the field to consider in order to advance our understanding of the neuroscience of puberty and to promote forward and backward translation across model organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tiffany C Ho
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, United States.
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99
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Yoon JH, Hwang J, Son SU, Choi J, You SW, Park H, Cha SY, Maeng S. How Can Insulin Resistance Cause Alzheimer's Disease? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:3506. [PMID: 36834911 PMCID: PMC9966425 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder associated with cognitive decline. Despite worldwide efforts to find a cure, no proper treatment has been developed yet, and the only effective countermeasure is to prevent the disease progression by early diagnosis. The reason why new drug candidates fail to show therapeutic effects in clinical studies may be due to misunderstanding the cause of AD. Regarding the cause of AD, the most widely known is the amyloid cascade hypothesis, in which the deposition of amyloid beta and hyperphosphorylated tau is the cause. However, many new hypotheses were suggested. Among them, based on preclinical and clinical evidence supporting a connection between AD and diabetes, insulin resistance has been pointed out as an important factor in the development of AD. Therefore, by reviewing the pathophysiological background of brain metabolic insufficiency and insulin insufficiency leading to AD pathology, we will discuss how can insulin resistance cause AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hye Yoon
- Age-Tech Service Convergence Major, Graduate School of East–West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - JooHyun Hwang
- Age-Tech Service Convergence Major, Graduate School of East–West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Un Son
- Department of Comprehensive Health Science, Graduate School of East–West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Junhyuk Choi
- Age-Tech Service Convergence Major, Graduate School of East–West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Won You
- Department of Comprehensive Health Science, Graduate School of East–West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunwoo Park
- Department of Comprehensive Health Science, Graduate School of East–West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea
- Health Park Co., Ltd., Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Yun Cha
- Department of Comprehensive Health Science, Graduate School of East–West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungho Maeng
- Age-Tech Service Convergence Major, Graduate School of East–West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea
- Department of Comprehensive Health Science, Graduate School of East–West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea
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100
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Hasan M, Lei Z, Akter M, Iqbal Z, Usaila F, Ramkrishnan AS, Li Y. Chemogenetic activation of astrocytes promotes remyelination and restores cognitive deficits in visceral hypersensitive rats. iScience 2023; 26:105840. [PMID: 36619970 PMCID: PMC9812719 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Using a well-established chronic visceral hypersensitivity (VH) rat model, we characterized the decrease of myelin basic protein, reduced number of mature oligodendrocytes (OLs), and hypomyelination in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). The results of rat gambling test showed impaired decision-making, and the results of electrophysiological studies showed desynchronization in the ACC to basolateral amygdala (BLA) neural circuitry. Astrocytes release various factors that modulate oligodendrocyte progenitor cell proliferation and myelination. Astrocytic Gq-modulation through expression of hM3Dq facilitated oligodendrocyte progenitor cell proliferation and OL differentiation, and enhanced ACC myelination in VH rats. Activating astrocytic Gq rescued impaired decision-making and desynchronization in ACC-BLA. These data indicate that ACC hypomyelination is an important component of impaired decision-making and network desynchronization in VH. Astrocytic Gq activity plays a significant role in oligodendrocyte myelination and decision-making behavior in VH. Insights from these studies have potential for interventions in myelin-related diseases such as chronic pain-associated cognitive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahadi Hasan
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhuogui Lei
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Mastura Akter
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zafar Iqbal
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Faeeqa Usaila
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Aruna Surendran Ramkrishnan
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Centre for Biosystems, Neuroscience, and Nanotechnology, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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