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Peter J, Huleux M, Spaniol B, Sommer F, Neunzig J, Schroda M, Li-Beisson Y, Philippar K. Fatty acid export (FAX) proteins contribute to oil production in the green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:939834. [PMID: 36120551 PMCID: PMC9470853 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.939834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In algae and land plants, transport of fatty acids (FAs) from their site of synthesis in the plastid stroma to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) for assembly into acyl lipids is crucial for cellular lipid homeostasis, including the biosynthesis of triacylglycerol (TAG) for energy storage. In the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, understanding and engineering of these processes is of particular interest for microalga-based biofuel and biomaterial production. Whereas in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, FAX (fatty acid export) proteins have been associated with a function in plastid FA-export and hence TAG synthesis in the ER, the knowledge on the function and subcellular localization of this protein family in Chlamydomonas is still scarce. Among the four FAX proteins encoded in the Chlamydomonas genome, we found Cr-FAX1 and Cr-FAX5 to be involved in TAG production by functioning in chloroplast and ER membranes, respectively. By in situ immunolocalization, we show that Cr-FAX1 inserts into the chloroplast envelope, while Cr-FAX5 is located in ER membranes. Severe reduction of Cr-FAX1 or Cr-FAX5 proteins by an artificial microRNA approach results in a strong decrease of the TAG content in the mutant strains. Further, overexpression of chloroplast Cr-FAX1, but not of ER-intrinsic Cr-FAX5, doubled the content of TAG in Chlamydomonas cells. We therefore propose that Cr-FAX1 in chloroplast envelopes and Cr-FAX5 in ER membranes represent a basic set of FAX proteins to ensure shuttling of FAs from chloroplasts to the ER and are crucial for oil production in Chlamydomonas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janick Peter
- Plant Biology, Center for Human- and Molecular Biology (ZHMB), Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Marie Huleux
- Aix Marseille Univ, CEA, CNRS, Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology of Aix Marseille, BIAM, Saint Paul-Lez-Durance, France
| | - Benjamin Spaniol
- Molecular Biotechnology and Systems Biology, TU Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Frederik Sommer
- Molecular Biotechnology and Systems Biology, TU Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Jens Neunzig
- Plant Biology, Center for Human- and Molecular Biology (ZHMB), Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Michael Schroda
- Molecular Biotechnology and Systems Biology, TU Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Yonghua Li-Beisson
- Aix Marseille Univ, CEA, CNRS, Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology of Aix Marseille, BIAM, Saint Paul-Lez-Durance, France
| | - Katrin Philippar
- Plant Biology, Center for Human- and Molecular Biology (ZHMB), Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
- *Correspondence: Katrin Philippar,
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Zhou Y, Yu H, Tang Y, Chen R, Luo J, Shi C, Tang S, Li X, Shen X, Chen R, Zhang Y, Lu Y, Ye Z, Guo L, Ouyang B. Critical roles of mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis in tomato development and environmental response. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 190:576-591. [PMID: 35640121 PMCID: PMC9434154 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Plant mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis (mtFAS) appears to be important in photorespiration based on the reverse genetics research from Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) in recent years, but its roles in plant development have not been completely explored. Here, we identified a tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) mutant, fern-like, which displays pleiotropic phenotypes including dwarfism, yellowing, curly leaves, and increased axillary buds. Positional cloning and genetic and heterozygous complementation tests revealed that the underlying gene FERN encodes a 3-hydroxyl-ACP dehydratase enzyme involved in mtFAS. FERN was causally involved in tomato morphogenesis by affecting photorespiration, energy supply, and the homeostasis of reactive oxygen species. Based on lipidome data, FERN and the mtFAS pathway may modulate tomato development by influencing mitochondrial membrane lipid composition and other lipid metabolic pathways. These findings provide important insights into the roles and importance of mtFAS in tomato development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Huiyang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yaping Tang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Rong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jinying Luo
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chunmei Shi
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shan Tang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xinyan Shen
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Rongfeng Chen
- National Center for Occupational Safety and Health, NHC, Beijing 102308, China
| | - Yuyang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yongen Lu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhibiao Ye
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Liang Guo
- Author for correspondence: (B.O.), (L.G.)
| | - Bo Ouyang
- Author for correspondence: (B.O.), (L.G.)
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Serra O, Geldner N. The making of suberin. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 235:848-866. [PMID: 35510799 PMCID: PMC9994434 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Outer protective barriers of animals use a variety of bio-polymers, based on either proteins (e.g. collagens), or modified sugars (e.g. chitin). Plants, however, have come up with a particular solution, based on the polymerisation of lipid-like precursors, giving rise to cutin and suberin. Suberin is a structural lipophilic polyester of fatty acids, glycerol and some aromatics found in cell walls of phellem, endodermis, exodermis, wound tissues, abscission zones, bundle sheath and other tissues. It deposits as a hydrophobic layer between the (ligno)cellulosic primary cell wall and plasma membrane. Suberin is highly protective against biotic and abiotic stresses, shows great developmental plasticity and its chemically recalcitrant nature might assist the sequestration of atmospheric carbon by plants. The aim of this review is to integrate the rapidly accelerating genetic and cell biological discoveries of recent years with the important chemical and structural contributions obtained from very diverse organisms and tissue layers. We critically discuss the order and localisation of the enzymatic machinery synthesising the presumed substrates for export and apoplastic polymerisation. We attempt to explain observed suberin linkages by diverse enzyme activities and discuss the spatiotemporal relationship of suberin with lignin and ferulates, necessary to produce a functional suberised cell wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Serra
- Laboratori del SuroDepartment of BiologyUniversity of GironaCampus MontiliviGirona17003Spain
| | - Niko Geldner
- Department of Plant Molecular BiologyUniversity of LausanneUNIL‐Sorge, Biophore BuildingLausanne1015Switzerland
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54
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Zhu Y, Hu X, Wang P, Wang H, Ge X, Li F, Hou Y. The phospholipase D gene GhPLDδ confers resistance to Verticillium dahliae and improves tolerance to salt stress. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 321:111322. [PMID: 35696922 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant phospholipase D (PLD) and its product phosphatidic acid (PA) function in both abiotic and biotic stress signaling. However, to date, a PLD gene conferring the desired resistance to both biotic and abiotic stresses has not been found in cotton. Here, we isolated and identified a PLD gene GhPLDδ from cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), which functions in Verticillium wilt resistance and salt tolerance. GhPLDδ was highly induced by salicylic acid (SA), methyl jasmonate (MeJA), abscisic acid (ABA), hydrogen peroxide, PEG 6000, NaCl, and Verticillium dahliae in cotton plants. The positive role of GhPLDδ in regulating plant resistance to V. dahliae was confirmed by loss- and gain-of-function analyses. Upon chitin treatment, accumulation of PA, hydrogen peroxide, JA, SA, and the expression of genes involved in MAPK cascades, JA- and SA-related defense responses were positively related to the level of GhPLDδ in plants. The treatment by exogenous PA could activate the expression of genes related to MAPK, SA, and JA signaling pathways. Moreover, GhPLDδ overexpression enhanced salt tolerance in Arabidopsis as demonstrated by the increased germination rate, longer seedling root, higher chlorophyll content, larger fresh weight, lower malondialdehyde content, and fully expand rosette leaves. Additionally, the PA content and the expression of the genes of the MAPK cascades regulated by PA were increased in GhPLDδ-overexpressed Arabidopsis under salt stress. Taken together, these findings suggest that GhPLDδ and PA are involved in regulating plant defense against both V. dahliae infection and salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutao Zhu
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaoqian Hu
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaoyang Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Fuguang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China.
| | - Yuxia Hou
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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55
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Hamdan MF, Lung SC, Guo ZH, Chye ML. Roles of acyl-CoA-binding proteins in plant reproduction. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:2918-2936. [PMID: 35560189 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Acyl-CoA-binding proteins (ACBPs) constitute a well-conserved family of proteins in eukaryotes that are important in stress responses and development. Past studies have shown that ACBPs are involved in maintaining, transporting and protecting acyl-CoA esters during lipid biosynthesis in plants, mammals, and yeast. ACBPs show differential expression and various binding affinities for acyl-CoA esters. Hence, ACBPs can play a crucial part in maintaining lipid homeostasis. This review summarizes the functions of ACBPs during the stages of reproduction in plants and other organisms. A comprehensive understanding on the roles of ACBPs during plant reproduction may lead to opportunities in crop improvement in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Fadhli Hamdan
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shiu-Cheung Lung
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ze-Hua Guo
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mee-Len Chye
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
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56
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Nam JW, Lee HG, Do H, Kim HU, Seo PJ. Transcriptional regulation of triacylglycerol accumulation in plants under environmental stress conditions. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:2905-2917. [PMID: 35560201 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Triacylglycerol (TAG), a major energy reserve in lipid form, accumulates mainly in seeds. Although TAG concentrations are usually low in vegetative tissues because of the repression of seed maturation programs, these programs are derepressed upon the exposure of vegetative tissues to environmental stresses. Metabolic reprogramming of TAG accumulation is driven primarily by transcriptional regulation. A substantial proportion of transcription factors regulating seed TAG biosynthesis also participates in stress-induced TAG accumulation in vegetative tissues. TAG accumulation leads to the formation of lipid droplets and plastoglobules, which play important roles in plant tolerance to environmental stresses. Toxic lipid intermediates generated from environmental-stress-induced lipid membrane degradation are captured by TAG-containing lipid droplets and plastoglobules. This review summarizes recent advances in the transcriptional control of metabolic reprogramming underlying stress-induced TAG accumulation, and provides biological insight into the plant adaptive strategy, linking TAG biosynthesis with plant survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Won Nam
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hong Gil Lee
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyungju Do
- Department of Bioindustry and Bioresource Engineering, Plant Engineering Research Institute, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun Uk Kim
- Department of Bioindustry and Bioresource Engineering, Plant Engineering Research Institute, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Pil Joon Seo
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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57
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Is Aquaponics Beneficial in Terms of Fish and Plant Growth and Water Quality in Comparison to Separate Recirculating Aquaculture and Hydroponic Systems? WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14091447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Aquaponics is a technique where a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) and hydroponics are integrated to grow plants and fish in a closed system. We investigated if the growth of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and baby spinach (Spinacia oleracea) would be affected in a coupled aquaponic system compared to the growth of the fish in RAS or plants in a hydroponic system, all systems as three replicates. We also investigated the possible effects of plants on the onset of nitrification in biofilters and on the concentration of off-flavor-causing agents geosmin (GSM) and 2-methylisoborneol (MIB) in rainbow trout flesh and spinach. For the fish grown in aquaponics, the weight gain and specific growth rates were higher, and the feed conversion ratio was lower than those grown in RAS. In spinach, there were no significant differences in growth between aquaponic and hydroponic treatments. The concentration of GSM was significantly higher in the roots and MIB in the shoots of spinach grown in aquaponics than in hydroponics. In fish, the concentrations of MIB did not differ, but the concentrations of GSM were lower in aquaponics than in RAS. The onset of nitrification was faster in the aquaponic system than in RAS. In conclusion, spinach grew equally well in aquaponics and hydroponic systems. However, the aquaponic system was better than RAS in terms of onset of nitrification, fish growth, and lower concentrations of GSM in fish flesh.
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58
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Huang C, Li Y, Wang K, Xi J, Xu Y, Hong J, Si X, Ye H, Lyu S, Xia G, Wang J, Li P, Xing Y, Wang Y, Huang J. Integrated transcriptome and proteome analysis of developing embryo reveals the mechanisms underlying the high levels of oil accumulation in Carya cathayensis Sarg. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 42:684-702. [PMID: 34409460 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpab112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hickory (Carya cathayensis Sarg.) is an extraordinary nut-bearing deciduous arbor with high content of oil in its embryo. However, the molecular mechanism underlying high oil accumulation is mostly unknown. Here, we reported that the lipid droplets and oil accumulation gradually increased with the embryo development and the oil content was up to ~76% at maturity. Furthermore, transcriptome and proteome analysis of developing hickory embryo identified 32,907 genes and 9857 proteins. Time-series analysis of gene expressions showed that these genes were divided into 12 clusters and lipid metabolism-related genes were enriched in Cluster 3, with the highest expression levels at 95 days after pollination (S2). Differentially expressed genes and proteins indicated high correlation, and both were enriched in the lipid metabolism. Notably, the genes involved in biosynthesis, transport of fatty acid/lipid and lipid droplets formation had high expression levels at S2, while the expression levels of other genes required for suberin/wax/cutin biosynthesis and lipid degradation were very low at all the sampling time points, ultimately promoting the accumulation of oil. Quantitative reverse-transcription PCR analysis also verified the results of RNA-seq. The co-regulatory networks of lipid metabolism were further constructed and WRINKLED1 (WRI1) was a core transcriptional factor located in the nucleus. Of note, CcWRI1A/B could directly activate the expression of some genes (CcBCCP2A, CcBCCP2B, CcFATA and CcFAD3) required for fatty acid synthesis. These results provided in-depth evidence for revealing the molecular mechanism of high oil accumulation in hickory embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, No. 666 Wusu St, Lin'an District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, No. 666 Wusu St, Lin'an District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Ketao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, No. 666 Wusu St, Lin'an District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Jianwei Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, No. 666 Wusu St, Lin'an District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Yifan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, No. 666 Wusu St, Lin'an District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Junyan Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, No. 666 Wusu St, Lin'an District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Xiaolin Si
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, No. 666 Wusu St, Lin'an District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Hongyu Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, No. 666 Wusu St, Lin'an District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Shiheng Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, No. 666 Wusu St, Lin'an District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Guohua Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, No. 666 Wusu St, Lin'an District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Jianhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, No. 666 Wusu St, Lin'an District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Peipei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, No. 666 Wusu St, Lin'an District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Yulin Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, No. 666 Wusu St, Lin'an District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Yige Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, No. 666 Wusu St, Lin'an District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Jianqin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, No. 666 Wusu St, Lin'an District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
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Transgenic manipulation of triacylglycerol biosynthetic enzymes in B. napus alters lipid-associated gene expression and lipid metabolism. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3352. [PMID: 35233071 PMCID: PMC8888550 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07387-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Oilseed rape (Brassica napus) is an important crop that is cultivated for the oil (mainly triacylglycerol; TAG) it produces in its seeds. TAG synthesis is controlled mainly by key enzymes in the Kennedy pathway, such as glycerol 3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT), lysophosphatidate acyltransferase (LPAT) and diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) but can also be produced from phosphoglycerides such as phosphatidylcholine (PC) by the activity of the enzyme phospholipid: diacylglycerol acyltransferase (PDAT). To evaluate the potential for these enzymes to alter oil yields or composition, we analysed transgenic B. napus lines which overexpressed GPAT, LPAT or PDAT using heterologous transgenes from Arabidopsis and Nasturtium and examined lipid profiles and changes in gene expression in these lines compared to WT. Distinct changes in PC and TAG abundance and spatial distribution in embryonic tissues were observed in some of the transgenic lines, together with altered expression of genes involved generally in acyl-lipid metabolism. Overall our results show that up-regulation of these key enzymes differentially affects lipid composition and distribution as well as lipid-associated gene expression, providing important information which could be used to improve crop properties by metabolic engineering.
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60
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Jadid N, Prasetyowati I, Rosidah NLA, Ermavitalini D, Nurhatika S, Nurhidayati T, Purnobasuki H. In Silico Analysis of Partial Fatty Acid Desaturase 2 cDNA From Reutealis trisperma (Blanco) Airy Shaw. Bioinform Biol Insights 2022; 15:11779322211005747. [PMID: 35173423 PMCID: PMC8842343 DOI: 10.1177/11779322211005747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Reutealis trisperma oil is a new source for biodiesel production. The predominant fatty acids in this plant are stearic acid (9%), palmitic acid (10%), oleic acid (12%), linoleic acid (19%), and α-eleostearic acid (51%). The presence of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), linoleic acid, and α-eleostearic acid decreases the oxidation stability of R. trisperma biodiesel. Although several studies have suggested that the fatty acid desaturase 2 (FAD2) enzyme is involved in the regulation of fatty acid desaturation, little is known about the genetic information of FAD2 in R. trisperma. The objectives of this study were to isolate, characterize, and determine the relationship between the R. trisperma FAD2 fragment and other Euphorbiaceae plants. cDNA fragments were isolated using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The DNA sequence obtained by sequencing was used for further analysis. In silico analysis identified the fragment identity, subcellular localization, and phylogenetic construction of the R. trisperma FAD2 cDNA fragment and Euphorbiaceae. The results showed that a 923-bp partial sequence of R. trisperma FAD2 was successfully isolated. Based on in silico analysis, FAD2 was predicted to encode 260 amino acids, had a domain similarity with Omega-6 fatty acid desaturase, and was located in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. The R. trisperma FAD2 fragment was more closely related to Vernicia fordii (HM755946.1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Jadid
- Department of Biology, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Indah Prasetyowati
- Department of Biology, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | | | - Dini Ermavitalini
- Department of Biology, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Sri Nurhatika
- Department of Biology, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Tutik Nurhidayati
- Department of Biology, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Hery Purnobasuki
- Department of Biology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
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Turquetti-Moraes DK, Moharana KC, Almeida-Silva F, Pedrosa-Silva F, Venancio TM. Integrating omics approaches to discover and prioritize candidate genes involved in oil biosynthesis in soybean. Gene 2022; 808:145976. [PMID: 34592351 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Soybean is a major source of edible protein and oil. Oil content is a quantitative trait that is significantly determined by genetic and environmental factors. Over the past 30 years, a large volume of soybean genetic, genomic, and transcriptomic data have been accumulated. Nevertheless, integrative analyses of such data remain scarce, in spite of their importance for crop improvement. We hypothesized that the co-occurrence of genomic regions for oil-related traits in different studies may reveal more stable regions encompassing important genetic determinants of oil content and quality in soybean. We integrated publicly available data, obtained with distinct techniques, to discover and prioritize candidate genes involved in oil biosynthesis and regulation in soybean. We detected key fatty acid biosynthesis genes (e.g., BCCP2 and ACCase, FADs, KAS family proteins) and several transcription factors, which are likely regulators of oil biosynthesis. In addition, we identified new candidates for seed oil accumulation and quality, such as Glyma.03G213300 and Glyma.19G160700, which encode a translocator protein homolog and a histone acetyltransferase, respectively. Further, oil and protein genomic hotspots are strongly associated with breeding and not with domestication, suggesting that soybean domestication prioritized other traits. The genes identified here are promising targets for breeding programs and for the development of soybean lines with increased oil content and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayana K Turquetti-Moraes
- Laboratório de Química e Função de Proteínas e Peptídeos, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Kanhu C Moharana
- Laboratório de Química e Função de Proteínas e Peptídeos, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Fabricio Almeida-Silva
- Laboratório de Química e Função de Proteínas e Peptídeos, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Francisnei Pedrosa-Silva
- Laboratório de Química e Função de Proteínas e Peptídeos, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Thiago M Venancio
- Laboratório de Química e Função de Proteínas e Peptídeos, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil.
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Motto M, Sahay S. Energy plants (crops): potential natural and future designer plants. HANDBOOK OF BIOFUELS 2022:73-114. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822810-4.00004-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Giglione C, Meinnel T. Mapping the myristoylome through a complete understanding of protein myristoylation biochemistry. Prog Lipid Res 2021; 85:101139. [PMID: 34793862 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2021.101139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Protein myristoylation is a C14 fatty acid modification found in all living organisms. Myristoylation tags either the N-terminal alpha groups of cysteine or glycine residues through amide bonds or lysine and cysteine side chains directly or indirectly via glycerol thioester and ester linkages. Before transfer to proteins, myristate must be activated into myristoyl coenzyme A in eukaryotes or, in bacteria, to derivatives like phosphatidylethanolamine. Myristate originates through de novo biosynthesis (e.g., plants), from external uptake (e.g., human tissues), or from mixed origins (e.g., unicellular organisms). Myristate usually serves as a molecular anchor, allowing tagged proteins to be targeted to membranes and travel across endomembrane networks in eukaryotes. In this review, we describe and discuss the metabolic origins of protein-bound myristate. We review strategies for in vivo protein labeling that take advantage of click-chemistry with reactive analogs, and we discuss new approaches to the proteome-wide discovery of myristate-containing proteins. The machineries of myristoylation are described, along with how protein targets can be generated directly from translating precursors or from processed proteins. Few myristoylation catalysts are currently described, with only N-myristoyltransferase described to date in eukaryotes. Finally, we describe how viruses and bacteria hijack and exploit myristoylation for their pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Giglione
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Thierry Meinnel
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
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Zhu Y, Hu X, Wang P, Gao L, Pei Y, Ge Z, Ge X, Li F, Hou Y. GhPLP2 Positively Regulates Cotton Resistance to Verticillium Wilt by Modulating Fatty Acid Accumulation and Jasmonic Acid Signaling Pathway. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:749630. [PMID: 34795685 PMCID: PMC8593000 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.749630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Patatin-like proteins (PLPs) have non-specific lipid acyl hydrolysis (LAH) activity, which can hydrolyze membrane lipids into fatty acids and lysophospholipids. The vital role of PLPs in plant growth and abiotic stress has been well documented. However, the function of PLPs in plant defense responses against pathogens is still poorly understood. Here, we isolated and identified a novel cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) PLP gene GhPLP2. The expression of GhPLP2 was induced upon treatment with Verticillium dahliae, the signaling molecules jasmonic acid (JA) and ethylene (ETH) in cotton plants. Subcellular localization revealed that GhPLP2 was localized to the plasma membrane. GhPLP2-silenced cotton plants were more susceptible to infection by V. dahliae, while the overexpression of GhPLP2 in Arabidopsis enhanced its resistance to V. dahliae, which was apparent as mild symptoms, and a decrease in the disease index and fungal biomass. The hypersensitive response, deposition of callose, and H2O2 accumulation triggered by V. dahliae elicitor were reduced in GhPLP2-silenced cotton plants. The overexpression of GhPLP2 in Arabidopsis resulted in the accumulation of linoleic acid (LA, 18:2) and α-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3) and facilitated the biosynthesis of JA and JA-mediated defensive responses. GhPLP2 silencing in cotton plants consistently reduced the accumulation of linoleic acid (LA, 18:2) and α-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3) and suppressed the biosynthesis of JA and the defensive responses mediated by JA. These results indicate that GhPLP2 is involved in the resistance of cotton to V. dahliae by maintaining fatty acid metabolism pools for JA biosynthesis and activating the JA signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutao Zhu
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqian Hu
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Wang
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Linying Gao
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yakun Pei
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoyue Ge
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyang Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Fuguang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Yuxia Hou
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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65
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Zhu Y, Hu X, Wang P, Gao L, Pei Y, Ge Z, Ge X, Li F, Hou Y. GhPLP2 Positively Regulates Cotton Resistance to Verticillium Wilt by Modulating Fatty Acid Accumulation and Jasmonic Acid Signaling Pathway. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:749630. [PMID: 34795685 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-388437/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Patatin-like proteins (PLPs) have non-specific lipid acyl hydrolysis (LAH) activity, which can hydrolyze membrane lipids into fatty acids and lysophospholipids. The vital role of PLPs in plant growth and abiotic stress has been well documented. However, the function of PLPs in plant defense responses against pathogens is still poorly understood. Here, we isolated and identified a novel cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) PLP gene GhPLP2. The expression of GhPLP2 was induced upon treatment with Verticillium dahliae, the signaling molecules jasmonic acid (JA) and ethylene (ETH) in cotton plants. Subcellular localization revealed that GhPLP2 was localized to the plasma membrane. GhPLP2-silenced cotton plants were more susceptible to infection by V. dahliae, while the overexpression of GhPLP2 in Arabidopsis enhanced its resistance to V. dahliae, which was apparent as mild symptoms, and a decrease in the disease index and fungal biomass. The hypersensitive response, deposition of callose, and H2O2 accumulation triggered by V. dahliae elicitor were reduced in GhPLP2-silenced cotton plants. The overexpression of GhPLP2 in Arabidopsis resulted in the accumulation of linoleic acid (LA, 18:2) and α-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3) and facilitated the biosynthesis of JA and JA-mediated defensive responses. GhPLP2 silencing in cotton plants consistently reduced the accumulation of linoleic acid (LA, 18:2) and α-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3) and suppressed the biosynthesis of JA and the defensive responses mediated by JA. These results indicate that GhPLP2 is involved in the resistance of cotton to V. dahliae by maintaining fatty acid metabolism pools for JA biosynthesis and activating the JA signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutao Zhu
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqian Hu
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Wang
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Linying Gao
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yakun Pei
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoyue Ge
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyang Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Fuguang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Yuxia Hou
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Amador VC, dos Santos-Silva CA, Vilela LMB, Oliveira-Lima M, de Santana Rêgo M, Roldan-Filho RS, de Oliveira-Silva RL, Lemos AB, de Oliveira WD, Ferreira-Neto JRC, Crovella S, Benko-Iseppon AM. Lipid Transfer Proteins (LTPs)-Structure, Diversity and Roles beyond Antimicrobial Activity. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:1281. [PMID: 34827219 PMCID: PMC8615156 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10111281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) are among the most promising plant-exclusive antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). They figure among the most challenging AMPs from the point of view of their structural diversity, functions and biotechnological applications. This review presents a current picture of the LTP research, addressing not only their structural, evolutionary and further predicted functional aspects. Traditionally, LTPs have been identified by their direct isolation by biochemical techniques, whereas omics data and bioinformatics deserve special attention for their potential to bring new insights. In this context, new possible functions have been identified revealing that LTPs are actually multipurpose, with many additional predicted roles. Despite some challenges due to the toxicity and allergenicity of LTPs, a systematic review and search in patent databases, indicate promising perspectives for the biotechnological use of LTPs in human health and also plant defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinícius Costa Amador
- Bioscience Centre, Genetics Department, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-420, Brazil; (V.C.A.); (L.M.B.V.); (M.O.-L.); (M.d.S.R.); (R.S.R.-F.); (A.B.L.); (W.D.d.O.); (J.R.C.F.-N.)
| | - Carlos André dos Santos-Silva
- Department of Advanced Diagnostics, Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS, Burlo Garofolo, 34100 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Lívia Maria Batista Vilela
- Bioscience Centre, Genetics Department, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-420, Brazil; (V.C.A.); (L.M.B.V.); (M.O.-L.); (M.d.S.R.); (R.S.R.-F.); (A.B.L.); (W.D.d.O.); (J.R.C.F.-N.)
| | - Marx Oliveira-Lima
- Bioscience Centre, Genetics Department, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-420, Brazil; (V.C.A.); (L.M.B.V.); (M.O.-L.); (M.d.S.R.); (R.S.R.-F.); (A.B.L.); (W.D.d.O.); (J.R.C.F.-N.)
| | - Mireli de Santana Rêgo
- Bioscience Centre, Genetics Department, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-420, Brazil; (V.C.A.); (L.M.B.V.); (M.O.-L.); (M.d.S.R.); (R.S.R.-F.); (A.B.L.); (W.D.d.O.); (J.R.C.F.-N.)
| | - Ricardo Salas Roldan-Filho
- Bioscience Centre, Genetics Department, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-420, Brazil; (V.C.A.); (L.M.B.V.); (M.O.-L.); (M.d.S.R.); (R.S.R.-F.); (A.B.L.); (W.D.d.O.); (J.R.C.F.-N.)
| | - Roberta Lane de Oliveira-Silva
- General Microbiology Laboratory, Agricultural Science Campus, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina 56300-990, Brazil;
| | - Ayug Bezerra Lemos
- Bioscience Centre, Genetics Department, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-420, Brazil; (V.C.A.); (L.M.B.V.); (M.O.-L.); (M.d.S.R.); (R.S.R.-F.); (A.B.L.); (W.D.d.O.); (J.R.C.F.-N.)
| | - Wilson Dias de Oliveira
- Bioscience Centre, Genetics Department, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-420, Brazil; (V.C.A.); (L.M.B.V.); (M.O.-L.); (M.d.S.R.); (R.S.R.-F.); (A.B.L.); (W.D.d.O.); (J.R.C.F.-N.)
| | - José Ribamar Costa Ferreira-Neto
- Bioscience Centre, Genetics Department, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-420, Brazil; (V.C.A.); (L.M.B.V.); (M.O.-L.); (M.d.S.R.); (R.S.R.-F.); (A.B.L.); (W.D.d.O.); (J.R.C.F.-N.)
| | - Sérgio Crovella
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Science, Qatar University, Doha 1883, Qatar;
| | - Ana Maria Benko-Iseppon
- Bioscience Centre, Genetics Department, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-420, Brazil; (V.C.A.); (L.M.B.V.); (M.O.-L.); (M.d.S.R.); (R.S.R.-F.); (A.B.L.); (W.D.d.O.); (J.R.C.F.-N.)
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Wang J, Liu Z, Liu H, Peng D, Zhang J, Chen M. Linum usitatissimum FAD2A and FAD3A enhance seed polyunsaturated fatty acid accumulation and seedling cold tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 311:111014. [PMID: 34482917 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.111014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Flax (Linum usitatissimum) seed oil is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), particularly linolenic acid, which is converted from linoleic acid. Studies have indicated that the biosynthesis of linoleic acid and linolenic acid is controlled by FAD2 and FAD3, respectively. However, the functional distinctions of different LuFAD2 and LuFAD3 copies from L. usitatissimum in governing the biosynthesis of linoleic acid or linolenic acid, respectively, remain unclear. In this study, five LuFAD2 and three LuFAD3 cDNAs were cloned from the L. usitatissimum cultivar 'Longya 10', and GC-MS results demonstrated that LuFAD2A and LuFAD3A play predominant roles in the accumulation of linoleic acid and linolenic acid, respectively. Their simultaneous overexpression in Arabidopsis thaliana seeds led to a significant increase in fatty acid contents, especially PUFAs. Additionally, LuFAD2A and LuFAD3A promoted the biosynthesis of jasmonic acid by increasing the levels of linolenic acid, which, in turn, enhanced plant cold tolerance. When the amount of linolenic acid is not sufficient, plants adapt to low temperature via the accumulation of anthocyanins. These findings provide insights into the higher accumulation of PUFAs in L. usitatissimum seeds, and provide potential targets for improving oil quality of other oil-producing crops through molecular manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Zijin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Hua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Danshuai Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Jianping Zhang
- Crop Research Institute, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Mingxun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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68
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Xiao Z, Tang F, Zhang L, Li S, Wang S, Huo Q, Yang B, Zhang C, Wang D, Li Q, Wei L, Guo T, Qu C, Lu K, Zhang Y, Guo L, Li J, Li N. The Brassica napus fatty acid exporter FAX1-1 contributes to biological yield, seed oil content, and oil quality. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2021; 14:190. [PMID: 34587987 PMCID: PMC8482660 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-021-02035-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the oilseed crop Brassica napus (rapeseed), various metabolic processes influence seed oil content, oil quality, and biological yield. However, the role of plastid membrane proteins in these traits has not been explored. RESULTS Our genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 520 B. napus accessions identified the chloroplast membrane protein-localized FATTY ACID EXPORTER 1-1 (FAX1-1) as a candidate associated with biological yield. Seed transcript levels of BnaFAX1-1 were higher in a cultivar with high seed oil content relative to a low-oil cultivar. BnaFAX1-1 was localized to the plastid envelope. When expressed in Arabidopsis thaliana, BnaFAX1-1 enhanced biological yield (total plant dry matter), seed yield and seed oil content per plant. Likewise, in the field, B. napus BnaFAX1-1 overexpression lines (BnaFAX1-1-OE) displayed significantly enhanced biological yield, seed yield, and seed oil content compared with the wild type. BnaFAX1-1 overexpression also up-regulated gibberellic acid 4 (GA4) biosynthesis, which may contribute to biological yield improvement. Furthermore, oleic acid (C18:1) significantly increased in BnaFAX1-1 overexpression seeds. CONCLUSION Our results indicated that the putative fatty acid exporter BnaFAX1-1 may simultaneously improve seed oil content, oil quality and biological yield in B. napus, providing new approaches for future molecular breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongchun Xiao
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
- College of Biology and Chemistry, Xingyi Normal University for Nationalities, Xingyi, 562400, Guizhou, China
| | - Fang Tang
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Liyuan Zhang
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Shengting Li
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Shufeng Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, and Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Qiang Huo
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Daojie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Qing Li
- Hybrid Rapeseed Research Center of Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lijuan Wei
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Tao Guo
- College of Resources and Environment, and Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Cunmin Qu
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Kun Lu
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yanfeng Zhang
- Hybrid Rapeseed Research Center of Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi, China
| | - Liang Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Jiana Li
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Nannan Li
- College of Resources and Environment, and Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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Zhao X, Li N, Song Q, Li X, Meng H, Luo K. OPDAT1, a plastid envelope protein involved in 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid export for jasmonic acid biosynthesis in Populus. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 41:1714-1728. [PMID: 33835169 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpab037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Twelve-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA), the cyclopentenone precursor of jasmonic acid (JA), is required for the wounding response of plants. OPDA is derived from plastid-localized α-linolenic acid (α-LeA; 18:3) via the octadecanoid pathway, and is further exported from plastids to the cytosol for JA biosynthesis. However, the mechanism of OPDA transport from plastids has yet to be elucidated. In the current study, a plastid inner envelope-localized protein, designated 12-oxo-Phtyodienoic Acid Transporter 1 (OPDAT1), was identified and shown to potentially be involved in OPDA export from plastids, in Populus trichocarpa. Torr. OPDAT1 is expressed predominantly in young leaves of P. trichocarpa. Functional expression of OPDAT1 in yeast cells revealed that OPDAT1 is involved in OPDA transport. Loss-of-function of OPDAT1 in poplar resulted in increased accumulation of OPDA in the extracted plastids and a reduction in JA concentration, whereas an OPDAT1-overexpressing line showed a reverse tendency in OPDA accumulation and JA biosynthesis. OPDAT1 transcripts were rapidly induced by mechanical wounding of leaves, and an opdat1 mutant transgenic plant displayed increased susceptibility to spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) infestation. Collectively, these data suggest that OPDAT1 is an inner envelope transporter for OPDA, and this has potential implications for JA biosynthesis in poplar under environmental stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Nannan Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Qin Song
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Hongjun Meng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Keming Luo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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Du B, Kruse J, Winkler JB, Alfarraj S, Albasher G, Schnitzler JP, Ache P, Hedrich R, Rennenberg H. Metabolic responses of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) leaves to drought differ in summer and winter climate. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 41:1685-1700. [PMID: 33607652 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpab027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Drought negatively impacts growth and productivity of plants, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions. Although drought events can take place in summer and winter, differences in the impact of drought on physiological processes between seasons are largely unknown. The aim of this study was to elucidate metabolic strategies of date palms in response to drought in summer and winter season. To identify such differences, we exposed date palm seedlings to a drought-recovery regime, both in simulated summer and winter climate. Leaf hydration, carbon discrimination (${\Delta}$13C), and primary and secondary metabolite composition and contents were analyzed. Depending on season, drought differently affected physiological and biochemical traits of the leaves. In summer, drought induced significantly decreased leaf hydration, concentrations of ascorbate, most sugars, primary and secondary organic acids, as well as phenolic compounds, while thiol, amino acid, raffinose and individual fatty acid contents were increased compared with well-watered plants. In winter, drought had no effect on leaf hydration, ascorbate and fatty acids contents, but resulted in increased foliar thiol and amino acid levels as observed in summer. Compared with winter, foliar traits of plants exposed to drought in summer only partly recovered after re-watering. Memory effects on water relations, and primary and secondary metabolites seem to prepare foliar traits of date palms for repeated drought events in summer. Apparently, a well-orchestrated metabolic network, including the anti-oxidative system, compatible solutes accumulation and osmotic adjustment, and maintenance of cell-membrane stability strongly reduces the susceptibility of date palms to drought. These mechanisms of drought compensation may be more frequently required in summer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoguo Du
- College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Mianyang Normal University, Mianxing Road West 166, 621000 Mianyang, China
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 53, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Joerg Kruse
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 53, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jana Barbro Winkler
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Research Unit Environmental Simulation (EUS), Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Ingolstädter, Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Saleh Alfarraj
- King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gadah Albasher
- King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Joerg-Peter Schnitzler
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Research Unit Environmental Simulation (EUS), Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Ingolstädter, Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Peter Ache
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Hedrich
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Heinz Rennenberg
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 53, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, 400715 Chongqing,China
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71
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Hale I, Ma X, Melo ATO, Padi FK, Hendre PS, Kingan SB, Sullivan ST, Chen S, Boffa JM, Muchugi A, Danquah A, Barnor MT, Jamnadass R, Van de Peer Y, Van Deynze A. Genomic Resources to Guide Improvement of the Shea Tree. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:720670. [PMID: 34567033 PMCID: PMC8459026 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.720670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A defining component of agroforestry parklands across Sahelo-Sudanian Africa (SSA), the shea tree (Vitellaria paradoxa) is central to sustaining local livelihoods and the farming environments of rural communities. Despite its economic and cultural value, however, not to mention the ecological roles it plays as a dominant parkland species, shea remains semi-domesticated with virtually no history of systematic genetic improvement. In truth, shea's extended juvenile period makes traditional breeding approaches untenable; but the opportunity for genome-assisted breeding is immense, provided the foundational resources are available. Here we report the development and public release of such resources. Using the FALCON-Phase workflow, 162.6 Gb of long-read PacBio sequence data were assembled into a 658.7 Mbp, chromosome-scale reference genome annotated with 38,505 coding genes. Whole genome duplication (WGD) analysis based on this gene space revealed clear signatures of two ancient WGD events in shea's evolutionary past, one prior to the Astrid-Rosid divergence (116-126 Mya) and the other at the root of the order Ericales (65-90 Mya). In a first genome-wide look at the suite of fatty acid (FA) biosynthesis genes that likely govern stearin content, the primary determinant of shea butter quality, relatively high copy numbers of six key enzymes were found (KASI, KASIII, FATB, FAD2, FAD3, and FAX2), some likely originating in shea's more recent WGD event. To help translate these findings into practical tools for characterization, selection, and genome-wide association studies (GWAS), resequencing data from a shea diversity panel was used to develop a database of more than 3.5 million functionally annotated, physically anchored SNPs. Two smaller, more curated sets of suggested SNPs, one for GWAS (104,211 SNPs) and the other targeting FA biosynthesis genes (90 SNPs), are also presented. With these resources, the hope is to support national programs across the shea belt in the strategic, genome-enabled conservation and long-term improvement of the shea tree for SSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iago Hale
- Department of Agriculture, Nutrition, and Food Systems, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, United States
| | - Xiao Ma
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Arthur T. O. Melo
- Department of Agriculture, Nutrition, and Food Systems, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, United States
| | - Francis Kwame Padi
- Plant Breeding Division, Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana, Ghana Cocoa Board, New Tafo, Ghana
| | - Prasad S. Hendre
- AOCC Genomics Laboratory and Tree Genebank Research Unit, World Agroforestry (CIFOR-ICRAF), Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | | | - Shiyu Chen
- Seed Biotechnology Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Jean-Marc Boffa
- AOCC Genomics Laboratory and Tree Genebank Research Unit, World Agroforestry (CIFOR-ICRAF), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Alice Muchugi
- AOCC Genomics Laboratory and Tree Genebank Research Unit, World Agroforestry (CIFOR-ICRAF), Nairobi, Kenya
- The Forage Genebank, Feed and Forage Development Program, International Livestock Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Agyemang Danquah
- West Africa Centre for Crop Improvement, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Michael Teye Barnor
- Plant Breeding Division, Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana, Ghana Cocoa Board, New Tafo, Ghana
| | - Ramni Jamnadass
- AOCC Genomics Laboratory and Tree Genebank Research Unit, World Agroforestry (CIFOR-ICRAF), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Yves Van de Peer
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- College of Horticulture, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Allen Van Deynze
- AOCC Genomics Laboratory and Tree Genebank Research Unit, World Agroforestry (CIFOR-ICRAF), Nairobi, Kenya
- Seed Biotechnology Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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72
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Trivedi P, Nguyen N, Klavins L, Kviesis J, Heinonen E, Remes J, Jokipii-Lukkari S, Klavins M, Karppinen K, Jaakola L, Häggman H. Analysis of composition, morphology, and biosynthesis of cuticular wax in wild type bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) and its glossy mutant. Food Chem 2021; 354:129517. [PMID: 33756336 DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.01.019893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, cuticular wax load, its chemical composition, and biosynthesis, was studied during development of wild type (WT) bilberry fruit and its natural glossy type (GT) mutant. GT fruit cuticular wax load was comparable with WT fruits. In both, the proportion of triterpenoids decreased during fruit development concomitant with increasing proportions of total aliphatic compounds. In GT fruit, a higher proportion of triterpenoids in cuticular wax was accompanied by a lower proportion of fatty acids and ketones compared to WT fruit as well as lower density of crystalloid structures on berry surfaces. Our results suggest that the glossy phenotype could be caused by the absence of rod-like structures in GT fruit associated with reduction in proportions of ketones and fatty acids in the cuticular wax. Especially CER26-like, FAR2, CER3-like, LTP, MIXTA, and BAS genes showed fruit skin preferential expression patterns indicating their role in cuticular wax biosynthesis and secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Trivedi
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland.
| | - Nga Nguyen
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland.
| | - Linards Klavins
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Latvia, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia.
| | - Jorens Kviesis
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Latvia, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia.
| | - Esa Heinonen
- Centre for Material Analysis, University of Oulu, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland.
| | - Janne Remes
- Centre for Material Analysis, University of Oulu, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland.
| | | | - Maris Klavins
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Latvia, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia.
| | - Katja Karppinen
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, NO-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Laura Jaakola
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, NO-9037 Tromsø, Norway; NIBIO, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, NO-1431 Ås, Norway.
| | - Hely Häggman
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland.
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73
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Xin A, Fry SC. Cutin:xyloglucan transacylase (CXT) activity covalently links cutin to a plant cell-wall polysaccharide. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 262:153446. [PMID: 34051591 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The shoot epidermal cell wall in land-plants is associated with a polyester, cutin, which controls water loss and possibly organ expansion. Covalent bonds between cutin and its neighbouring cell-wall polysaccharides have long been proposed. However, the lack of biochemical evidence makes cutin-polysaccharide linkages largely conjectural. Here we optimised a portfolio of radiochemical assays to look for cutin-polysaccharide ester bonds in the epidermis of pea epicotyls, ice-plant leaves and tomato fruits, based on the hypothesis that a transacylase remodels cutin in a similar fashion to cutin synthase and cutin:cutin transacylase activities. Through in-situ enzyme assays and chemical degradations coupled with chromatographic analysis of the 3H-labelled products, we observed that among several wall-related oligosaccharides tested, only a xyloglucan oligosaccharide ([3H]XXXGol) could acquire ester-bonds from endogenous cutin, suggesting a cutin:xyloglucan transacylase (CXT). CXT activity was heat-labile, time-dependent, and maximal at near-neutral pH values. In-situ CXT activity peaked in nearly fully expanded tomato fruits and ice-plant leaves. CXT activity positively correlated with organ growth rate, suggesting that it contributes to epidermal integrity during rapid expansion. This study uncovers hitherto unappreciated re-structuring processes in the plant epidermis and provides a step towards the identification of CXT and its engineering for biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anzhou Xin
- The Edinburgh Cell Wall Group, Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Stephen C Fry
- The Edinburgh Cell Wall Group, Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, UK.
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74
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Zhang B, Xia P, Yu H, Li W, Chai W, Liang Z. Based on the whole genome clarified the evolution and expression process of fatty acid desaturase genes in three soybeans. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 182:1966-1980. [PMID: 34052275 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.05.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Soybean is an important oil crop cultivated worldwide. With the increasing global population crossed with growing challenging cultivation conditions, improving soybean breeding by selecting important traits is urgent needed. Genes coding for plant fatty acid desaturases (FADs) genes are major candidates for that, because they are involving in controlling fatty acid composition and holding membrane fluidity under abiotic stress. Here, 75 FADs were found in three soybean genomes, which were further classified into four sub-groups. Phylogenetic tree, gene structure, motif and promoter analysis showed that the FAD gene family was conserved in the three soybeans. In addition, the numbers of omega desaturase from Chinese cultivated varieties were significantly higher than those in Chinese wild soybean and ancient polyploid soybean, respectively. However, it was the opposite for the sphingolipid subfamily. These results indicated that each subfamily was subjected to different selection pressures during cultivation and domestication. As the extra genes of the subfamily were very close to other family members' positions on chromosomes, they should be produced by duplication. The cis-element analysis of FAD promoter sequences revealed that upstream sequences of FAD contained abundant light, hormone and abiotic stress responsive cis-elements, suggesting that the quality of soybean could be improved by regulating these stresses. Expression analysis of Chinese wild soybean under salt stress showed that GsDES1.1, GsDES1.2, GsFAD2.1 and GsSLD1 in leaves and GsSLD2, GsSLD5 and GsSLD6 in roots were not closely related to salt stress response. Therefore, we explored the significant role of conserved, duplicated and neofunctionalized FAD in the domestication of soybean, which contributes to the importance of soybean as a global oil crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingxue Zhang
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Ministry of Water Resource, Yangling 712100, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Pengguo Xia
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Haizheng Yu
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Ministry of Water Resource, Yangling 712100, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenrui Li
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Ministry of Water Resource, Yangling 712100, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Weiguo Chai
- Institute of Biotechnology, Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Zongsuo Liang
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Ministry of Water Resource, Yangling 712100, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
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75
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Fatty Acid Composition by Total Acyl Lipid Collision-Induced Dissociation Time-of-Flight (TAL-CID-TOF) Mass Spectrometry. Methods Mol Biol 2021. [PMID: 34047975 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1362-7_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Total acyl lipid collision-induced dissociation time-of-flight (TAL-CID-TOF) mass spectrometry uses a quadrupole time-of-flight (QTOF) mass spectrometer to rapidly provide a comprehensive fatty acid composition of a biological lipid extract. Samples are infused into a QTOF instrument, operated in negative mode, and the quadrupole is used to transfer all, or a wide mass range of, precursor ions to the collision cell for fragmentation. Time-of-flight-acquired mass spectra provide mass accuracy and resolution sufficient for chemical formula determination of fatty acids in the complex mixture. Considering the limited number of reasonable CHO variants in fatty acids, one can discern acyl anions with the same nominal mass but different chemical formulas. An online application, LipidomeDB Data Calculation Environment, is employed to process the mass spectral output data and match identified fragments to target fragments at a resolution specified by the user. TAL-CID-TOF methodology is a useful discovery or screening tool to identify and compare fatty acid profiles of biological samples.
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76
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Hirsch Ramos A, Silva Timm N, Dietrich Ferreira C, Antunes AC, Hoffmann JF, Oliveira Rios A, Oliveira M. Effects of the intensification of soybean defects: Degradation metabolism of carbohydrates, organic acids, proteins, lipids, and phenolics. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Hirsch Ramos
- Department of Agroindustrial Science and Technology Federal University of Pelotas Pelotas Brazil
| | - Newiton Silva Timm
- Department of Agroindustrial Science and Technology Federal University of Pelotas Pelotas Brazil
- Department of Agricultural Engineering Rural Sciences Center Federal University of Santa Maria Santa Maria Brazil
| | | | - Ana Clara Antunes
- Department of Agroindustrial Science and Technology Federal University of Pelotas Pelotas Brazil
| | | | - Alessandro Oliveira Rios
- Department of Food Science Institute of Food Science and Technology Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Maurício Oliveira
- Department of Agroindustrial Science and Technology Federal University of Pelotas Pelotas Brazil
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77
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Mathur J. Organelle extensions in plant cells. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 185:593-607. [PMID: 33793902 PMCID: PMC8133556 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiaa055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The life strategy of plants includes their ability to respond quickly at the cellular level to changes in their environment. The use of targeted fluorescent protein probes and imaging of living cells has revealed several rapidly induced organelle responses that create the efficient sub-cellular machinery for maintaining homeostasis in the plant cell. Several organelles, including plastids, mitochondria, and peroxisomes, extend and retract thin tubules that have been named stromules, matrixules, and peroxules, respectively. Here, I combine all these thin tubular forms under the common head of organelle extensions. All extensions change shape continuously and in their elongated form considerably increase organelle outreach into the surrounding cytoplasm. Their pleomorphy reflects their interactions with the dynamic endoplasmic reticulum and cytoskeletal elements. Here, using foundational images and time-lapse movies, and providing salient information on some molecular and biochemically characterized mutants with increased organelle extensions, I draw attention to their common role in maintaining homeostasis in plant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaideep Mathur
- Laboratory of Plant Development and Interactions, Department of Molecular and Cellular biology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road, Guelph, Ontario, N1G2W1 Canada
- Author for communication:
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78
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Caroca R, Howell KA, Malinova I, Burgos A, Tiller N, Pellizzer T, Annunziata MG, Hasse C, Ruf S, Karcher D, Bock R. Knockdown of the plastid-encoded acetyl-CoA carboxylase gene uncovers functions in metabolism and development. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 185:1091-1110. [PMID: 33793919 PMCID: PMC8133629 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiaa106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
De novo fatty acid biosynthesis in plants relies on a prokaryotic-type acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) that resides in the plastid compartment. The enzyme is composed of four subunits, one of which is encoded in the plastid genome, whereas the other three subunits are encoded by nuclear genes. The plastid gene (accD) encodes the β-carboxyltransferase subunit of ACCase and is essential for cell viability. To facilitate the functional analysis of accD, we pursued a transplastomic knockdown strategy in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). By introducing point mutations into the translational start codon of accD, we obtained stable transplastomic lines with altered ACCase activity. Replacement of the standard initiator codon AUG with UUG strongly reduced AccD expression, whereas replacement with GUG had no detectable effects. AccD knockdown mutants displayed reduced ACCase activity, which resulted in changes in the levels of many but not all species of cellular lipids. Limiting fatty acid availability caused a wide range of macroscopic, microscopic, and biochemical phenotypes, including impaired chloroplast division, reduced seed set, and altered storage metabolism. Finally, while the mutants displayed reduced growth under photoautotrophic conditions, they showed exaggerated growth under heterotrophic conditions, thus uncovering an unexpected antagonistic role of AccD activity in autotrophic and heterotrophic growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Caroca
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Katharine A Howell
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Irina Malinova
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Asdrúbal Burgos
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Nadine Tiller
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Tommaso Pellizzer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | | | - Claudia Hasse
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Stephanie Ruf
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Daniel Karcher
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Ralph Bock
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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79
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Billey E, Magneschi L, Leterme S, Bedhomme M, Andres-Robin A, Poulet L, Michaud M, Finazzi G, Dumas R, Crouzy S, Laueffer F, Fourage L, Rébeillé F, Amato A, Collin S, Jouhet J, Maréchal E. Characterization of the Bubblegum acyl-CoA synthetase of Microchloropsis gaditana. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 185:815-835. [PMID: 33793914 PMCID: PMC8133546 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiaa110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The metabolic pathways of glycerolipids are well described in cells containing chloroplasts limited by a two-membrane envelope but not in cells containing plastids limited by four membranes, including heterokonts. Fatty acids (FAs) produced in the plastid, palmitic and palmitoleic acids (16:0 and 16:1), are used in the cytosol for the synthesis of glycerolipids via various routes, requiring multiple acyl-Coenzyme A (CoA) synthetases (ACS). Here, we characterized an ACS of the Bubblegum subfamily in the photosynthetic eukaryote Microchloropsis gaditana, an oleaginous heterokont used for the production of lipids for multiple applications. Genome engineering with TALE-N allowed the generation of MgACSBG point mutations, but no knockout was obtained. Point mutations triggered an overall decrease of 16:1 in lipids, a specific increase of unsaturated 18-carbon acyls in phosphatidylcholine and decrease of 20-carbon acyls in the betaine lipid diacylglyceryl-trimethyl-homoserine. The profile of acyl-CoAs highlighted a decrease in 16:1-CoA and 18:3-CoA. Structural modeling supported that mutations affect accessibility of FA to the MgACSBG reaction site. Expression in yeast defective in acyl-CoA biosynthesis further confirmed that point mutations affect ACSBG activity. Altogether, this study supports a critical role of heterokont MgACSBG in the production of 16:1-CoA and 18:3-CoA. In M. gaditana mutants, the excess saturated and monounsaturated FAs were diverted to triacylglycerol, thus suggesting strategies to improve the oil content in this microalga.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Billey
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Unité mixte de Recherche 5168 CNRS–CEA–INRA–Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, IRIG, CEA Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
- Total Raffinage-Chimie, Tour Coupole, 2 Place Jean Millier, 92078 Paris La Défense, France
| | - Leonardo Magneschi
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Unité mixte de Recherche 5168 CNRS–CEA–INRA–Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, IRIG, CEA Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Sébastien Leterme
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Unité mixte de Recherche 5168 CNRS–CEA–INRA–Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, IRIG, CEA Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Mariette Bedhomme
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Unité mixte de Recherche 5168 CNRS–CEA–INRA–Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, IRIG, CEA Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
- Total Raffinage-Chimie, Tour Coupole, 2 Place Jean Millier, 92078 Paris La Défense, France
| | - Amélie Andres-Robin
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Unité mixte de Recherche 5168 CNRS–CEA–INRA–Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, IRIG, CEA Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Laurent Poulet
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Unité mixte de Recherche 5168 CNRS–CEA–INRA–Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, IRIG, CEA Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Morgane Michaud
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Unité mixte de Recherche 5168 CNRS–CEA–INRA–Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, IRIG, CEA Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Giovanni Finazzi
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Unité mixte de Recherche 5168 CNRS–CEA–INRA–Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, IRIG, CEA Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Renaud Dumas
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Unité mixte de Recherche 5168 CNRS–CEA–INRA–Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, IRIG, CEA Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Serge Crouzy
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, Unité mixte de Recherche 5249 CNRS–CEA–Univ. Grenoble Alpes, IRIG, CEA Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Frédéric Laueffer
- Total Raffinage-Chimie, Tour Coupole, 2 Place Jean Millier, 92078 Paris La Défense, France
| | - Laurent Fourage
- Total Raffinage-Chimie, Tour Coupole, 2 Place Jean Millier, 92078 Paris La Défense, France
| | - Fabrice Rébeillé
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Unité mixte de Recherche 5168 CNRS–CEA–INRA–Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, IRIG, CEA Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Alberto Amato
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Unité mixte de Recherche 5168 CNRS–CEA–INRA–Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, IRIG, CEA Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Séverine Collin
- Total Raffinage-Chimie, Tour Coupole, 2 Place Jean Millier, 92078 Paris La Défense, France
| | - Juliette Jouhet
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Unité mixte de Recherche 5168 CNRS–CEA–INRA–Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, IRIG, CEA Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Eric Maréchal
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Unité mixte de Recherche 5168 CNRS–CEA–INRA–Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, IRIG, CEA Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
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Deshmukh R, Rana N, Liu Y, Zeng S, Agarwal G, Sonah H, Varshney R, Joshi T, Patil GB, Nguyen HT. Soybean transporter database: A comprehensive database for identification and exploration of natural variants in soybean transporter genes. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 171:756-770. [PMID: 33231322 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Transporters, a class of membrane proteins that facilitate exchange of solutes including diverse molecules and ions across the cellular membrane, are vital component for the survival of all organisms. Understanding plant transporters is important to get insight of the basic cellular processes, physiology, and molecular mechanisms including nutrient uptake, signaling, response to external stress, and many more. In this regard, extensive analysis of transporters predicted in soybean and other plant species was performed. In addition, an integrated database for soybean transporter protein, SoyTD, was developed that will facilitate the identification, classification, and extensive characterization of transporter proteins by integrating expression, gene ontology, conserved domain and motifs, gene structure organization, and chromosomal distribution features. A comprehensive analysis was performed to identify highly confident transporters by integrating various prediction tools. Initially, 7541 transmembrane (TM) proteins were predicted in the soybean genome; out of these, 3306 non-redundant transporter genes carrying two or more transmembrane domains were selected for further analysis. The identified transporter genes were classified according to a standard transporter classification (TC) system. Comparative analysis of transporter genes among 47 plant genomes provided insights into expansion and duplication of transporter genes in land plants. The whole genome resequencing (WGRS) and tissue-specific transcriptome datasets of soybean were integrated to investigate the natural variants and expression profile associated with transporter(s) of interest. Overall, SoyTD provides a comprehensive interface to study genetic and molecular function of soybean transporters. SoyTD is publicly available at http://artemis.cyverse.org/soykb_dev/SoyTD/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupesh Deshmukh
- Agriculture Biotechnology Department, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, India
| | - Nitika Rana
- Agriculture Biotechnology Department, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Yang Liu
- Christopher S. Bond Life Science Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Shuai Zeng
- Christopher S. Bond Life Science Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Gaurav Agarwal
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Tifton, Georgia, USA
| | - Humira Sonah
- Agriculture Biotechnology Department, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, India
| | - Rajeev Varshney
- Center of Excellence in Genomics and System Biology, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Hyderabad, India
| | - Trupti Joshi
- Christopher S. Bond Life Science Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Gunvant B Patil
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Henry T Nguyen
- Division of Plant Science, National Center for Soybean Biotechnology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
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81
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Pan Z, Bajsa‐Hirschel J, Vaughn JN, Rimando AM, Baerson SR, Duke SO. In vivo assembly of the sorgoleone biosynthetic pathway and its impact on agroinfiltrated leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 230:683-697. [PMID: 33460457 PMCID: PMC8048663 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sorgoleone, a hydrophobic compound exuded from root hair cells of Sorghum spp., accounts for much of the allelopathic activity of the genus. The enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of this compound have been identified and functionally characterized. Here, we report the successful assembly of the biosynthetic pathway and the significant impact of in vivo synthesized sorgoleone on the heterologous host Nicotiana benthamiana. A multigene DNA construct was prepared for the expression of genes required for sorgoleone biosynthesis in planta and deployed in N. benthamiana leaf tissues via Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression. RNA-sequencing was conducted to investigate the effects of sorgoleone, via expression of its biosynthesis pathway, on host gene expression. The production of sorgoleone in agroinfiltrated leaves as detected by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) resulted in the formation of necrotic lesions, indicating that the compound caused severe phytotoxicity to these tissues. RNA-sequencing profiling revealed significant changes in gene expression in the leaf tissues expressing the pathway during the formation of sorgoleone-induced necrotic lesions. Transcriptome analysis suggested that the compound produced in vivo impaired the photosynthetic system as a result of downregulated gene expression for the photosynthesis apparatus and elevated expression of proteasomal genes which may play a major role in the phytotoxicity of sorgoleone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Pan
- Natural Products Utilization Research UnitUS Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research ServiceUniversityMS38677USA
| | - Joanna Bajsa‐Hirschel
- Natural Products Utilization Research UnitUS Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research ServiceUniversityMS38677USA
| | - Justin N. Vaughn
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Research UnitUSDA, ARSAthensGA30605USA
| | - Agnes M. Rimando
- Natural Products Utilization Research UnitUS Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research ServiceUniversityMS38677USA
| | - Scott R. Baerson
- Natural Products Utilization Research UnitUS Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research ServiceUniversityMS38677USA
| | - Stephen O. Duke
- Natural Products Utilization Research UnitUS Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research ServiceUniversityMS38677USA
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82
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Salvador López JM, Van Bogaert INA. Microbial fatty acid transport proteins and their biotechnological potential. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 118:2184-2201. [PMID: 33638355 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acid metabolism has been widely studied in various organisms. However, fatty acid transport has received less attention, even though it plays vital physiological roles, such as export of toxic free fatty acids or uptake of exogenous fatty acids. Hence, there are important knowledge gaps in how fatty acids cross biological membranes, and many mechanisms and proteins involved in these processes still need to be determined. The lack of information is more predominant in microorganisms, even though the identification of fatty acids transporters in these cells could lead to establishing new drug targets or improvements in microbial cell factories. This review provides a thorough analysis of the current information on fatty acid transporters in microorganisms, including bacteria, yeasts and microalgae species. Most available information relates to the model organisms Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, but transport systems of other species are also discussed. Intracellular trafficking of fatty acids and their transport through organelle membranes in eukaryotic organisms is described as well. Finally, applied studies and engineering efforts using fatty acids transporters are presented to show the applied potential of these transporters and to stress the need for further identification of new transporters and their engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M Salvador López
- BioPort Group, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Centre for Synthetic Biology (CSB), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Inge N A Van Bogaert
- BioPort Group, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Centre for Synthetic Biology (CSB), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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83
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Si Y, Khanal BP, Sauheitl L, Knoche M. Cutin Synthesis in Developing, Field-Grown Apple Fruit Examined by External Feeding of Labelled Precursors. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:497. [PMID: 33807966 PMCID: PMC8000455 DOI: 10.3390/plants10030497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
An intact skin is essential in high-quality apples. Ongoing deposition of cuticular material during fruit development may decrease microcracking. Our objective was to establish a system for quantifying cutin and wax deposition in developing apple fruit. Oleic acid (13C and 14C labelled) and palmitic acid (14C labelled) were fed to developing apples and the amounts incorporated in the cutin and wax fractions were quantified. The incorporation of 14C oleic acid (C18) was significantly higher than that of 14C palmitic acid (C16) and the incorporation in the cutin fraction exceeded that in the wax fraction. The amount of precursor incorporated in the cutin increased asymptotically with time, but the amount in the wax fraction remained about constant. Increasing the concentration of the precursor applied generally increased incorporation. Incorporation in the cutin fraction was high during early development (43 days after full bloom) and decreased towards maturity. Incorporation was higher from a dilute donor solution (infinite dose feeding) than from a donor solution subjected to drying (finite dose feeding) or from perfusion of the precursor by injection. Feeding the skin of a developing apple with oleic acid resulted in significant incorporation in the cutin fraction under both laboratory and field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiru Si
- Institute of Horticultural Production Systems, Fruit Science Section, Leibniz University Hannover, Herrenhäuser Straße 2, 30419 Hannover, Germany; (Y.S.); (B.P.K.)
| | - Bishnu P. Khanal
- Institute of Horticultural Production Systems, Fruit Science Section, Leibniz University Hannover, Herrenhäuser Straße 2, 30419 Hannover, Germany; (Y.S.); (B.P.K.)
| | - Leopold Sauheitl
- Institute of Soil Science, Leibniz University Hannover, Herrenhäuser Straße 2, 30419 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Moritz Knoche
- Institute of Horticultural Production Systems, Fruit Science Section, Leibniz University Hannover, Herrenhäuser Straße 2, 30419 Hannover, Germany; (Y.S.); (B.P.K.)
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84
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Schenk HJ, Michaud JM, Mocko K, Espino S, Melendres T, Roth MR, Welti R, Kaack L, Jansen S. Lipids in xylem sap of woody plants across the angiosperm phylogeny. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 105:1477-1494. [PMID: 33295003 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Lipids have been observed attached to lumen-facing surfaces of mature xylem conduits of several plant species, but there has been little research on their functions or effects on water transport, and only one lipidomic study of the xylem apoplast. Therefore, we conducted lipidomic analyses of xylem sap from woody stems of seven plants representing six major angiosperm clades, including basal magnoliids, monocots and eudicots, to characterize and quantify phospholipids, galactolipids and sulfolipids in sap using mass spectrometry. Locations of lipids in vessels of Laurus nobilis were imaged using transmission electron microscopy and confocal microscopy. Xylem sap contained the galactolipids di- and monogalactosyldiacylglycerol, as well as all common plant phospholipids, but only traces of sulfolipids, with total lipid concentrations in extracted sap ranging from 0.18 to 0.63 nmol ml-1 across all seven species. Contamination of extracted sap from lipids in cut living cells was found to be negligible. Lipid composition of sap was compared with wood in two species and was largely similar, suggesting that sap lipids, including galactolipids, originate from cell content of living vessels. Seasonal changes in lipid composition of sap were observed for one species. Lipid layers coated all lumen-facing vessel surfaces of L. nobilis, and lipids were highly concentrated in inter-vessel pits. The findings suggest that apoplastic, amphiphilic xylem lipids are a universal feature of angiosperms. The findings require a reinterpretation of the cohesion-tension theory of water transport to account for the effects of apoplastic lipids on dynamic surface tension and hydraulic conductance in xylem.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Jochen Schenk
- Department of Biological Science, California State University Fullerton, 800 N. State College Boulevard, Fullerton, CA, 92831, USA
| | - Joseph M Michaud
- Department of Biological Science, California State University Fullerton, 800 N. State College Boulevard, Fullerton, CA, 92831, USA
| | - Kerri Mocko
- Department of Biological Science, California State University Fullerton, 800 N. State College Boulevard, Fullerton, CA, 92831, USA
| | - Susana Espino
- Department of Biological Science, California State University Fullerton, 800 N. State College Boulevard, Fullerton, CA, 92831, USA
| | - Tatiana Melendres
- Department of Biological Science, California State University Fullerton, 800 N. State College Boulevard, Fullerton, CA, 92831, USA
| | - Mary R Roth
- Kansas Lipidomics Research Center, Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Ruth Welti
- Kansas Lipidomics Research Center, Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Lucian Kaack
- Institute of Systematic Botany and Ecology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Ulm, D-89081, Germany
| | - Steven Jansen
- Institute of Systematic Botany and Ecology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Ulm, D-89081, Germany
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85
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Xin A, Fei Y, Molnar A, Fry SC. Cutin:cutin-acid endo-transacylase (CCT), a cuticle-remodelling enzyme activity in the plant epidermis. Biochem J 2021; 478:777-798. [PMID: 33511979 PMCID: PMC7925011 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cutin is a polyester matrix mainly composed of hydroxy-fatty acids that occurs in the cuticles of shoots and root-caps. The cuticle, of which cutin is a major component, protects the plant from biotic and abiotic stresses, and cutin has been postulated to constrain organ expansion. We propose that, to allow cutin restructuring, ester bonds in this net-like polymer can be transiently cleaved and then re-formed (transacylation). Here, using pea epicotyl epidermis as the main model, we first detected a cutin:cutin-fatty acid endo-transacylase (CCT) activity. In-situ assays used endogenous cutin as the donor substrate for endogenous enzymes; the exogenous acceptor substrate was a radiolabelled monomeric cutin-acid, 16-hydroxy-[3H]hexadecanoic acid (HHA). High-molecular-weight cutin became ester-bonded to intact [3H]HHA molecules, which thereby became unextractable except by ester-hydrolysing alkalis. In-situ CCT activity correlated with growth rate in Hylotelephium leaves and tomato fruits, suggesting a role in loosening the outer epidermal wall during organ growth. The only well-defined cutin transacylase in the apoplast, CUS1 (a tomato cutin synthase), when produced in transgenic tobacco, lacked CCT activity. This finding provides a reference for future CCT protein identification, which can adopt our sensitive enzyme assay to screen other CUS1-related enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anzhou Xin
- The Edinburgh Cell Wall Group, Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, U.K
| | - Yue Fei
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, U.K
| | - Attila Molnar
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, U.K
| | - Stephen C. Fry
- The Edinburgh Cell Wall Group, Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, U.K
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86
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Zhu J, Li W, Zhou Y, Pei L, Liu J, Xia X, Che R, Li H. Molecular characterization, expression and functional analysis of acyl-CoA-binding protein gene family in maize (Zea mays). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:94. [PMID: 33588749 PMCID: PMC7883581 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-02863-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acyl-CoA-binding proteins (ACBPs) possess a conserved acyl-CoA-binding (ACB) domain that facilitates binding to acyl-CoA esters and trafficking in eukaryotic cells. Although the various functions of ACBP have been characterized in several plant species, their structure, molecular evolution, expression profile, and function have not been fully elucidated in Zea mays L. RESULTS Genome-wide analysis identified nine ZmACBP genes in Z. mays, which could be divided into four distinct classes (class I, class II, class III, and class IV) via construction of a phylogenetic tree that included 48 ACBP genes from six different plant species. Transient expression of a ZmACBP-GFP fusion protein in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) epidermal cells revealed that ZmACBPs localized to multiple different locations. Analyses of expression profiles revealed that ZmACBPs exhibited temporal and spatial expression changes during abiotic and biotic stresses. Eight of the nine ZmACBP genes were also found to have significant association with agronomic traits in a panel of 500 maize inbred lines. The heterologous constitutive expression of ZmACBP1 and ZmACBP3 in Arabidopsis enhanced the resistance of these plants to salinity and drought stress, possibly through alterations in the level of lipid metabolic and stress-responsive genes. CONCLUSION The ACBP gene family was highly conserved across different plant species. ZmACBP genes had clear tissue and organ expression specificity and were responsive to both biotic and abiotic stresses, suggesting their roles in plant growth and stress resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiantang Zhu
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022 China
| | - Weijun Li
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022 China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhou
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022 China
| | - Laming Pei
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022 China
| | - Jiajia Liu
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022 China
| | - Xinyao Xia
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022 China
| | - Ronghui Che
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022 China
| | - Hui Li
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022 China
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87
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Azlan NS, Guo ZH, Yung WS, Wang Z, Lam HM, Lung SC, Chye ML. In silico Analysis of Acyl-CoA-Binding Protein Expression in Soybean. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:646938. [PMID: 33936134 PMCID: PMC8082252 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.646938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Plant acyl-CoA-binding proteins (ACBPs) form a highly conserved protein family that binds to acyl-CoA esters as well as other lipid and protein interactors to function in developmental and stress responses. This protein family had been extensively studied in non-leguminous species such as Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress), Oryza sativa (rice), and Brassica napus (oilseed rape). However, the characterization of soybean (Glycine max) ACBPs, designated GmACBPs, has remained unreported although this legume is a globally important crop cultivated for its high oil and protein content, and plays a significant role in the food and chemical industries. In this study, 11 members of the GmACBP family from four classes, comprising Class I (small), Class II (ankyrin repeats), Class III (large), and Class IV (kelch motif), were identified. For each class, more than one copy occurred and their domain architecture including the acyl-CoA-binding domain was compared with Arabidopsis and rice. The expression profile, tertiary structure and subcellular localization of each GmACBP were predicted, and the similarities and differences between GmACBPs and other plant ACBPs were deduced. A potential role for some Class III GmACBPs in nodulation, not previously encountered in non-leguminous ACBPs, has emerged. Interestingly, the sole member of Class III ACBP in each of non-leguminous Arabidopsis and rice had been previously identified in plant-pathogen interactions. As plant ACBPs are known to play important roles in development and responses to abiotic and biotic stresses, the in silico expression profiles on GmACBPs, gathered from data mining of RNA-sequencing and microarray analyses, will lay the foundation for future studies in their applications in biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Syifaq Azlan
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Ze-Hua Guo
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Wai-Shing Yung
- School of Life Sciences and Center for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Zhili Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Center for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Hon-Ming Lam
- School of Life Sciences and Center for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Shiu-Cheung Lung
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
- *Correspondence: Shiu-Cheung Lung,
| | - Mee-Len Chye
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
- Mee-Len Chye,
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88
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Xu X, Zhang J, Yan B, Wei Y, Ge S, Li J, Han Y, Li Z, Zhao C, Xu J. The Adjustment of Membrane Lipid Metabolism Pathways in Maize Roots Under Saline-Alkaline Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:635327. [PMID: 33790924 PMCID: PMC8006331 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.635327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Plants are frequently confronted by diverse environmental stress, and the membrane lipids remodeling and signaling are essential for modulating the stress responses. Saline-alkaline stress is a major osmotic stress affecting the growth and development of crops. In this study, an integrated transcriptomic and lipidomic analysis was performed, and the metabolic changes of membrane lipid metabolism in maize (Zea mays) roots under saline-alkaline stress were investigated. The results revealed that phospholipids were major membrane lipids in maize roots, and phosphatidylcholine (PC) accounts for approximately 40% of the total lipids. Under 100 mmol NaHCO3 treatment, the level of PC decreased significantly (11-16%) and the parallel transcriptomic analysis showed an increased expression of genes encoding phospholipase A and phospholipase D/non-specific phospholipase C, which suggested an activated PC turnover under saline-alkaline stress. The plastidic galactolipid synthesis was also activated, and an abnormal generation of C34:6 galactolipids in 18:3 plants maize implied a plausible contribution from the prokaryotic pathway, which could be partially supported by the up-regulated expression of three putative plastid-localized phosphatidic acid phosphatase/lipid phosphate phosphatase. A comprehensive gene-metabolite network was constructed, and the regulation of membrane lipid metabolism under saline-alkaline stress in maize was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxuan Xu
- Key Lab of Modern Agricultural Cultivation and Crop Germplasm Improvement of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang Engineering Technology Research Center for Crop Straw Utilization, College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
- Beijing Hortipolaris Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Jinjie Zhang
- Key Lab of Modern Agricultural Cultivation and Crop Germplasm Improvement of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang Engineering Technology Research Center for Crop Straw Utilization, College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Bowei Yan
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yulei Wei
- Key Lab of Modern Agricultural Cultivation and Crop Germplasm Improvement of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang Engineering Technology Research Center for Crop Straw Utilization, College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Shengnan Ge
- Key Lab of Modern Agricultural Cultivation and Crop Germplasm Improvement of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang Engineering Technology Research Center for Crop Straw Utilization, College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- Key Lab of Modern Agricultural Cultivation and Crop Germplasm Improvement of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang Engineering Technology Research Center for Crop Straw Utilization, College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Yu Han
- Key Lab of Modern Agricultural Cultivation and Crop Germplasm Improvement of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang Engineering Technology Research Center for Crop Straw Utilization, College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Zuotong Li
- Key Lab of Modern Agricultural Cultivation and Crop Germplasm Improvement of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang Engineering Technology Research Center for Crop Straw Utilization, College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Changjiang Zhao
- Key Lab of Modern Agricultural Cultivation and Crop Germplasm Improvement of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang Engineering Technology Research Center for Crop Straw Utilization, College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
- *Correspondence: Changjiang Zhao,
| | - Jingyu Xu
- Key Lab of Modern Agricultural Cultivation and Crop Germplasm Improvement of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang Engineering Technology Research Center for Crop Straw Utilization, College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
- Jingyu Xu,
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Li J, Liu LN, Meng Q, Fan H, Sui N. The roles of chloroplast membrane lipids in abiotic stress responses. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2020; 15:1807152. [PMID: 32815751 PMCID: PMC7588187 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2020.1807152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Plant chloroplasts have complex membrane systems. Among these, thylakoids serve as the sites for photosynthesis and photosynthesis-related adaptation. In addition to the photosynthetic membrane complexes and associated molecules, lipids in the thylakoid membranes, are predominantly composed of MGDG (monogalactosyldiacylglycerol), DGDG (digalactosyldiacylglycerol), SQDG (sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol) and PG (phosphatidylglycerol), play essential roles in shaping the thylakoid architecture, electron transfer, and photoregulation. In this review, we discuss the effect of abiotic stress on chloroplast structure, the changes in membrane lipid composition, and the degree of unsaturation of fatty acids. Advanced understanding of the mechanisms regulating chloroplast membrane lipids and unsaturated fatty acids in response to abiotic stresses is indispensable for improving plant resistance and may inform the strategies of crop breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlu Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lu-Ning Liu
- College of Marine Life Sciences and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Qingwei Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Hai Fan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Hai Fan Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
| | - Na Sui
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- CONTACT Na Sui
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90
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Spangenberg JE, Schweizer M, Zufferey V. Shifts in carbon and nitrogen stable isotope composition and epicuticular lipids in leaves reflect early water-stress in vineyards. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 739:140343. [PMID: 32758968 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Changes in leaf carbon and nitrogen isotope composition (δ13C and δ15N values) and the accumulation of epicuticular lipids have been associated with plant responses to water stress. We investigated their potential use as indicators of early plant water deficit in two grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) cultivars, Chasselas and Pinot noir, that were field-grown under well-watered and water-deficient conditions. We tested the hypothesis that the bulk δ13C and δ15N values and the concentrations of epicuticular fatty acids may change in leaves of similar age with the soil water availability. For this purpose, leaves were sampled at the same position in the canopy at different times (phenological stages) during the 2014 growing season. Bulk dry matter of young leaves from flowering to veraison had higher δ13C values, higher total nitrogen content, and lower δ15N values than old leaves. In both cultivars, δ15N values were strongly correlated with plant water deficiency, demonstrating their integration of the plant water stress response. δ13C values recorded the water deficiency only in those plants that had not received foliar organic fertilization. The soil water deficiency triggered the accumulation of C>26 fatty acids in the cuticular waxes. The compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA) of fatty acids from old leaves showed an increase in δ13C among the C16-C22 chains, including stress signaling linoleic and linolenic acids. Our results provide evidence for leaf 13C-enrichment, 15N-depletion, and enhanced FA-chain elongation and epicuticular accumulation in the grapevine response to water stress. The leaf δ13C and δ15N values, and the concentration of epicuticular fatty acids can be used as reliable and sensitive indicators of plant water deficit even when the level of water stress is low to moderate. They could also be used, particularly the more cost-efficient δ13C and δ15N measurements, for periodic biogeochemical mapping of the plant water availability at the vineyard and regional scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge E Spangenberg
- Institute of Earth Surface Dynamics (IDYST), University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Marc Schweizer
- Institute of Earth Surface Dynamics (IDYST), University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vivian Zufferey
- Institute of Plant Production Sciences (IPV), Agroscope, CH-1009 Pully, Switzerland
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91
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Deciphering the Novel Role of AtMIN7 in Cuticle Formation and Defense against the Bacterial Pathogen Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155547. [PMID: 32756392 PMCID: PMC7432873 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The cuticle is the outermost layer of plant aerial tissue that interacts with the environment and protects plants against water loss and various biotic and abiotic stresses. ADP ribosylation factor guanine nucleotide exchange factor proteins (ARF-GEFs) are key components of the vesicle trafficking system. Our study discovers that AtMIN7, an Arabidopsis ARF-GEF, is critical for cuticle formation and related leaf surface defense against the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pathovar tomato (Pto). Our transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy studies indicate that the atmin7 mutant leaves have a thinner cuticular layer, defective stomata structure, and impaired cuticle ledge of stomata compared to the leaves of wild type plants. GC–MS analysis further revealed that the amount of cutin monomers was significantly reduced in atmin7 mutant plants. Furthermore, the exogenous application of either of three plant hormones—salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, or abscisic acid—enhanced the cuticle formation in atmin7 mutant leaves and the related defense responses to the bacterial Pto infection. Thus, transport of cutin-related components by AtMIN7 may contribute to its impact on cuticle formation and related defense function.
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92
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Zhang CL, Zhang YL, Hu X, Xiao X, Wang GL, You CX, Li YY, Hao YJ. An apple long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase, MdLACS4, induces early flowering and enhances abiotic stress resistance in Arabidopsis. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 297:110529. [PMID: 32563467 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The aerial parts of apple are protected against environmental stress by cuticular wax. Although it has been suggested that several long-chain acyl-CoA synthetases are involved in wax biosynthesis, the molecular pathway of apple cuticular wax biosynthesis remains unclear. In this study, an MdLACS4 protein with long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase activity was isolated from apple. The MdLACS4 gene was highly expressed in pericarp, stem, and mature leaf tissues. Ectopic expression of MdLACS4 in Arabidopsis induced early flowering. Compared with wild-type plants, MdLACS4 transgenic Arabidopsis exhibited lower water loss rates, reduced epidermal permeability, increased cuticular wax in stems and leaves, and altered cuticular ultrastructure. Furthermore, the accumulation of cuticular wax enhanced the resistance of MdLACS4 transgenic plants to drought and salt stress. Finally, predicted protein functional interaction networks for LACS4 suggested that the molecular regulation pathway of MdLACS4 mediates wax biosynthesis in apple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Ya-Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Xing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Xu Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Gui-Luan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Chun-Xiang You
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China.
| | - Yu-Jin Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China.
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93
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The Role of Cutinsomes in Plant Cuticle Formation. Cells 2020; 9:cells9081778. [PMID: 32722473 PMCID: PMC7465133 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The cuticle commonly appears as a continuous lipophilic layer located at the outer epidermal cell walls of land plants. Cutin and waxes are its main components. Two methods for cutin synthesis are considered in plants. One that is based on enzymatic biosynthesis, in which cutin synthase (CUS) is involved, is well-known and commonly accepted. The other assumes the participation of specific nanostructures, cutinsomes, which are formed in physicochemical self-assembly processes from cutin precursors without enzyme involvement. Cutinsomes are formed in ground cytoplasm or, in some species, in specific cytoplasmic domains, lipotubuloid metabolons (LMs), and are most probably translocated via microtubules toward the cuticle-covered cell wall. Cutinsomes may additionally serve as platforms transporting cuticular enzymes. Presumably, cutinsomes enrich the cuticle in branched and cross-linked esterified polyhydroxy fatty acid oligomers, while CUS1 can provide both linear chains and branching cutin oligomers. These two systems of cuticle formation seem to co-operate on the surface of aboveground organs, as well as in the embryo and seed coat epidermis. This review focuses on the role that cutinsomes play in cuticle biosynthesis in S. lycopersicum, O. umbellatum and A. thaliana, which have been studied so far; however, these nanoparticles may be commonly involved in this process in different plants.
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94
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Wan X, Wu S, Li Z, An X, Tian Y. Lipid Metabolism: Critical Roles in Male Fertility and Other Aspects of Reproductive Development in Plants. MOLECULAR PLANT 2020; 13:955-983. [PMID: 32434071 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2020.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acids and their derivatives are essential building blocks for anther cuticle and pollen wall formation. Disruption of lipid metabolism during anther and pollen development often leads to genic male sterility (GMS). To date, many lipid metabolism-related GMS genes that are involved in the formation of anther cuticle, pollen wall, and subcellular organelle membranes in anther wall layers have been identified and characterized. In this review, we summarize recent progress on characterizing lipid metabolism-related genes and their roles in male fertility and other aspects of reproductive development in plants. On the basis of cloned GMS genes controlling biosynthesis and transport of anther cutin, wax, sporopollenin, and tryphine in Arabidopsis, rice, and maize as well as other plant species, updated lipid metabolic networks underlying anther cuticle development and pollen wall formation were proposed. Through bioinformatics analysis of anther RNA-sequencing datasets from three maize inbred lines (Oh43, W23, and B73), a total of 125 novel lipid metabolism-related genes putatively involved in male fertility in maize were deduced. More, we discuss the pathways regulating lipid metabolism-related GMS genes at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. Finally, we highlight recent findings on lipid metabolism-related genes and their roles in other aspects of plant reproductive development. A comprehensive understanding of lipid metabolism, genes involved, and their roles in plant reproductive development will facilitate the application of lipid metabolism-related genes in gene editing, haploid and callus induction, molecular breeding and hybrid seed production in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyuan Wan
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Biology and Agriculture Research Center, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100024, China; Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing Solidwill Sci-Tech Co. Ltd., Beijing 100192, China.
| | - Suowei Wu
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Biology and Agriculture Research Center, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100024, China; Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing Solidwill Sci-Tech Co. Ltd., Beijing 100192, China
| | - Ziwen Li
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Biology and Agriculture Research Center, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100024, China; Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing Solidwill Sci-Tech Co. Ltd., Beijing 100192, China
| | - Xueli An
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Biology and Agriculture Research Center, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100024, China; Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing Solidwill Sci-Tech Co. Ltd., Beijing 100192, China
| | - Youhui Tian
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Biology and Agriculture Research Center, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100024, China; Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing Solidwill Sci-Tech Co. Ltd., Beijing 100192, China
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95
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Correa SM, Fernie AR, Nikoloski Z, Brotman Y. Towards model-driven characterization and manipulation of plant lipid metabolism. Prog Lipid Res 2020; 80:101051. [PMID: 32640289 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2020.101051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Plant lipids have versatile applications and provide essential fatty acids in human diet. Therefore, there has been a growing interest to better characterize the genetic basis, regulatory networks, and metabolic pathways that shape lipid quantity and composition. Addressing these issues is challenging due to context-specificity of lipid metabolism integrating environmental, developmental, and tissue-specific cues. Here we systematically review the known metabolic pathways and regulatory interactions that modulate the levels of storage lipids in oilseeds. We argue that the current understanding of lipid metabolism provides the basis for its study in the context of genome-wide plant metabolic networks with the help of approaches from constraint-based modeling and metabolic flux analysis. The focus is on providing a comprehensive summary of the state-of-the-art of modeling plant lipid metabolic pathways, which we then contrast with the existing modeling efforts in yeast and microalgae. We then point out the gaps in knowledge of lipid metabolism, and enumerate the recent advances of using genome-wide association and quantitative trait loci mapping studies to unravel the genetic regulations of lipid metabolism. Finally, we offer a perspective on how advances in the constraint-based modeling framework can propel further characterization of plant lipid metabolism and its rational manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra M Correa
- Genetics of Metabolic Traits Group, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam 14476, Germany; Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 8410501 Beer-Sheva, Israel; Departamento de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín 050010, Colombia.
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Central Metabolism Group, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam 14476, Germany; Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Zoran Nikoloski
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria; Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany; Systems Biology and Mathematical Modelling Group, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany.
| | - Yariv Brotman
- Genetics of Metabolic Traits Group, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam 14476, Germany; Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 8410501 Beer-Sheva, Israel
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96
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Grimberg Å, Wilkinson M, Snell P, De Vos RP, González-Thuillier I, Tawfike A, Ward JL, Carlsson AS, Shewry P, Hofvander P. Transitions in wheat endosperm metabolism upon transcriptional induction of oil accumulation by oat endosperm WRINKLED1. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:235. [PMID: 32450804 PMCID: PMC7249431 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02438-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cereal grains, including wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), are major sources of food and feed, with wheat being dominant in temperate zones. These end uses exploit the storage reserves in the starchy endosperm of the grain, with starch being the major storage component in most cereal species. However, oats (Avena sativa L.) differs in that the starchy endosperm stores significant amounts of oil. Understanding the control of carbon allocation between groups of storage compounds, such as starch and oil, is therefore important for understanding the composition and hence end use quality of cereals. WRINKLED1 is a transcription factor known to induce triacylglycerol (TAG; oil) accumulation in several plant storage tissues. RESULTS An oat endosperm homolog of WRI1 (AsWRI1) expressed from the endosperm-specific HMW1Dx5 promoter resulted in drastic changes in carbon allocation in wheat grains, with reduced seed weight and a wrinkled seed phenotype. The starch content of mature grain endosperms of AsWRI1-wheat was reduced compared to controls (from 62 to 22% by dry weight (dw)), TAG was increased by up to nine-fold (from 0.7 to 6.4% oil by dw) and sucrose from 1.5 to 10% by dw. Expression of AsWRI1 in wheat grains also resulted in multiple layers of elongated peripheral aleurone cells. RNA-sequencing, lipid analyses, and pulse-chase experiments using 14C-sucrose indicated that futile cycling of fatty acids could be a limitation for oil accumulation. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that expression of oat endosperm WRI1 in the wheat endosperm results in changes in metabolism which could underpin the application of biotechnology to manipulate grain composition. In particular, the striking effect on starch synthesis in the wheat endosperm indicates that an important indirect role of WRI1 is to divert carbon allocation away from starch biosynthesis in plant storage tissues that accumulate oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Åsa Grimberg
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-23053, Alnarp, Sweden.
| | - Mark Wilkinson
- Department of Plant Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Per Snell
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-23053, Alnarp, Sweden
- Current address: MariboHilleshög Research AB, Box 302, 261 23, Landskrona, Sweden
| | - Rebecca P De Vos
- Department of Computational and Analytical Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | | | - Ahmed Tawfike
- Department of Computational and Analytical Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Jane L Ward
- Department of Computational and Analytical Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Anders S Carlsson
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-23053, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Peter Shewry
- Department of Plant Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Per Hofvander
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-23053, Alnarp, Sweden
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97
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Yao M, Guan M, Zhang Z, Zhang Q, Cui Y, Chen H, Liu W, Jan HU, Voss-Fels KP, Werner CR, He X, Liu Z, Guan C, Snowdon RJ, Hua W, Qian L. GWAS and co-expression network combination uncovers multigenes with close linkage effects on the oleic acid content accumulation in Brassica napus. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:320. [PMID: 32326904 PMCID: PMC7181522 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-6711-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Strong artificial and natural selection causes the formation of highly conserved haplotypes that harbor agronomically important genes. GWAS combination with haplotype analysis has evolved as an effective method to dissect the genetic architecture of complex traits in crop species. Results We used the 60 K Brassica Infinium SNP array to perform a genome-wide analysis of haplotype blocks associated with oleic acid (C18:1) in rapeseed. Six haplotype regions were identified as significantly associated with oleic acid (C18:1) that mapped to chromosomes A02, A07, A08, C01, C02, and C03. Additionally, whole-genome sequencing of 50 rapeseed accessions revealed three genes (BnmtACP2-A02, BnABCI13-A02 and BnECI1-A02) in the A02 chromosome haplotype region and two genes (BnFAD8-C02 and BnSDP1-C02) in the C02 chromosome haplotype region that were closely linked to oleic acid content phenotypic variation. Moreover, the co-expression network analysis uncovered candidate genes from these two different haplotype regions with potential regulatory interrelationships with oleic acid content accumulation. Conclusions Our results suggest that several candidate genes are closely linked, which provides us with an opportunity to develop functional haplotype markers for the improvement of the oleic acid content in rapeseed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Grain and Oil Crops in South China, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Mei Guan
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Grain and Oil Crops in South China, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Zhenqian Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Grain and Oil Crops in South China, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Qiuping Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Grain and Oil Crops in South China, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Yixin Cui
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Grain and Oil Crops in South China, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Grain and Oil Crops in South China, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Habib U Jan
- Precision Medicine Lab, Rehman Medical Institute (RMI), Phase 5, Hayatabad, Peshawar, 25000, Pakistan
| | - Kai P Voss-Fels
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Christian R Werner
- The Roslin Institute University of Edinburgh Easter Bush Research Centre Midlothian, Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Xin He
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Grain and Oil Crops in South China, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Zhongsong Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Grain and Oil Crops in South China, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Chunyun Guan
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Grain and Oil Crops in South China, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Rod J Snowdon
- Department of Plant Breeding, IFZ Research Centre for Biosystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Wei Hua
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Grain and Oil Crops in South China, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China. .,Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430062, China.
| | - Lunwen Qian
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Grain and Oil Crops in South China, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
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98
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Wu Q, Cao Y, Chen C, Gao Z, Yu F, Guy RD. Transcriptome analysis of metabolic pathways associated with oil accumulation in developing seed kernels of Styrax tonkinensis, a woody biodiesel species. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:121. [PMID: 32183691 PMCID: PMC7079523 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-2327-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Styrax tonkinensis (Pierre) Craib ex Hartwich has great potential as a woody biodiesel species having seed kernels with high oil content, excellent fatty acid composition and good fuel properties. However, no transcriptome information is available on the molecular regulatory mechanism of oil accumulation in developing S. tonkinensis kernels. RESULTS The dynamic patterns of oil content and fatty acid composition at 11 time points from 50 to 150 days after flowering (DAF) were analyzed. The percent oil content showed an up-down-up pattern, with yield and degree of unsaturation peaking on or after 140 DAF. Four time points (50, 70, 100, and 130 DAF) were selected for Illumina transcriptome sequencing. Approximately 73 million high quality clean reads were generated, and then assembled into 168,207 unigenes with a mean length of 854 bp. There were 5916 genes that were differentially expressed between different time points. These differentially expressed genes were grouped into 9 clusters based on their expression patterns. Expression patterns of a subset of 12 unigenes were confirmed by qRT-PCR. Based on their functional annotation through the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool and publicly available protein databases, specific unigenes encoding key enzymes, transmembrane transporters, and transcription factors associated with oil accumulation were determined. Three main patterns of expression were evident. Most unigenes peaked at 70 DAF, coincident with a rapid increase in oil content during kernel development. Unigenes with high expression at 50 DAF were associated with plastid formation and earlier stages of oil synthesis, including pyruvate and acetyl-CoA formation. Unigenes associated with triacylglycerol biosynthesis and oil body development peaked at 100 or 130 DAF. CONCLUSIONS Transcriptome changes during oil accumulation show a distinct temporal trend with few abrupt transitions. Expression profiles suggest that acetyl-CoA formation for oil biosynthesis is both directly from pyruvate and indirectly via acetaldehyde, and indicate that the main carbon source for fatty acid biosynthesis is triosephosphate originating from phosphohexose outside the plastid. Different sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferases are implicated in diacylglycerol biosynthesis at early versus late stages of oil accumulation. Triacylglycerol biosynthesis may be accomplished by both diacylglycerol and by phospholipid:diacylglycerol acyltransferases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qikui Wu
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forest Science, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, 210037 Jiangsu China
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - Yuanyuan Cao
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forest Science, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, 210037 Jiangsu China
| | - Chen Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forest Science, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, 210037 Jiangsu China
| | - Zhenzhou Gao
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forest Science, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, 210037 Jiangsu China
| | - Fangyuan Yu
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forest Science, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, 210037 Jiangsu China
| | - Robert D. Guy
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
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99
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Wu Q, Gao H, Zhang Z, Li T, Qu H, Jiang Y, Yun Z. Deciphering the Metabolic Pathways of Pitaya Peel after Postharvest Red Light Irradiation. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10030108. [PMID: 32183356 PMCID: PMC7143668 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10030108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Red light irradiation can effectively prolong the shelf-life of many fruit. However, little is known about red light-induced metabolite and enzyme activities. In this study, pitaya fruit was treated with 100 Lux red light for 24 h. Red light irradiation significantly attenuated the variation trend of senescence traits, such as the decrease of total soluble solid (TSS) and TSS/acidity (titratable acidity, TA) ratio, the increase of TA, and respiratory rate. In addition, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) related characters, primary metabolites profiling, and volatile compounds profiling were determined. A total of 71 primary metabolites and 67 volatile compounds were detected and successfully identified by using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Red light irradiation enhanced glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, aldehydes metabolism, and antioxidant enzymes activities at early stage of postharvest storage, leading to the reduction of H2O2, soluble sugars, organic acids, and C-6 and C-7 aldehydes. At a later stage of postharvest storage, a larger number of resistance-related metabolites and enzyme activities were induced in red light-treated pitaya peel, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging, reducing power, fatty acids, and volatile aroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixian Wu
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; (Q.W.); (T.L.); (H.Q.); (Y.J.)
| | - Huijun Gao
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510600, China;
| | - Zhengke Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China;
| | - Taotao Li
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; (Q.W.); (T.L.); (H.Q.); (Y.J.)
| | - Hongxia Qu
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; (Q.W.); (T.L.); (H.Q.); (Y.J.)
| | - Yueming Jiang
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; (Q.W.); (T.L.); (H.Q.); (Y.J.)
| | - Ze Yun
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; (Q.W.); (T.L.); (H.Q.); (Y.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-20-37252525
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100
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Wang F, Ding D, Li J, He L, Xu X, Zhao Y, Yan B, Li Z, Xu J. Characterisation of genes involved in galactolipids and sulfolipids metabolism in maize and Arabidopsis and their differential responses to phosphate deficiency. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2020; 47:279-292. [PMID: 32130107 DOI: 10.1071/fp19082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Galactolipids (MGDG and DGDG) and sulfolipids (SQDG) are key components of plastidic membranes, and play important roles in plant development and photosynthesis. In this study, the whole families of MGD, DGD and SQD were identified in maize genome, and were designated as ZmMGD1-3, ZmDGD1-5 and ZmSQD1-5 respectively. Based on the phylogenetic analyses, maize and Arabidopsis MGDs, DGDs and SQDs were clearly divided into two major categories (Type A and Type B) along with their orthologous genes from other plant species. Under low-phosphorus condition, the expression of Type B MGD, DGD and SQD genes of maize and Arabidopsis were significantly elevated in both leaf and root tissues. The lipid analysis was also conducted, and an overall increase in non-phosphorus lipids (MGDG, DGDG and SQDG), and a decrease in phosphorus lipids (PC, PE and PA) were observed in maize leaves and roots under phosphate deficiency. Several maize MGD and SQD genes were found involved in various abiotic stress responses. These findings will help for better understanding the specific functions of MGDs, DGDs and SQDs in 18:3 plants and for the generation of improved crops adapted to phosphate starvation and other abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- Key Lab of Modern Agricultural Cultivation and Crop Germplasm Improvement of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang Engineering Technology Research Centre for Crop Straw Utilisation, College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China
| | - Dong Ding
- Key Lab of Modern Agricultural Cultivation and Crop Germplasm Improvement of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang Engineering Technology Research Centre for Crop Straw Utilisation, College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- Key Lab of Modern Agricultural Cultivation and Crop Germplasm Improvement of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang Engineering Technology Research Centre for Crop Straw Utilisation, College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China
| | - Lin He
- Key Lab of Modern Agricultural Cultivation and Crop Germplasm Improvement of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang Engineering Technology Research Centre for Crop Straw Utilisation, College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Xu
- Key Lab of Modern Agricultural Cultivation and Crop Germplasm Improvement of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang Engineering Technology Research Centre for Crop Straw Utilisation, College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Key Lab of Modern Agricultural Cultivation and Crop Germplasm Improvement of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang Engineering Technology Research Centre for Crop Straw Utilisation, College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China
| | - Bowei Yan
- Key Lab of Modern Agricultural Cultivation and Crop Germplasm Improvement of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang Engineering Technology Research Centre for Crop Straw Utilisation, College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China
| | - Zuotong Li
- Key Lab of Modern Agricultural Cultivation and Crop Germplasm Improvement of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang Engineering Technology Research Centre for Crop Straw Utilisation, College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China; and Corresponding authors. ;
| | - Jingyu Xu
- Key Lab of Modern Agricultural Cultivation and Crop Germplasm Improvement of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang Engineering Technology Research Centre for Crop Straw Utilisation, College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China; and Corresponding authors. ;
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