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International Total Worker Health: Applicability to Agribusiness in Latin America. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18052252. [PMID: 33668716 PMCID: PMC7956694 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18052252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Total Worker Health® (TWH) is a framework for integrating worker and workplace safety, health, and well-being, which has achieved success in European and US settings. However, the framework has not been implemented in Latin America or in agricultural sectors, leaving large and vulnerable populations underrepresented in the implementation and evaluation of these strategies to improve safety and promote health and well-being. This study presents a case study of how a TWH approach can be applied to a multinational Latin American agribusiness. We describe the process and adaptation strategy for conducting a TWH assessment at multiple organizational levels and in multiple countries. We follow this with a description of a TWH leadership training that was conducted based on the results of the assessment. Finally, we describe our methods to make corporate recommendations for TWH policies and programs that were informed by the TWH assessment and leadership trainings. With this case study we aim to demonstrate the importance and feasibility of conducting TWH in Latin America.
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Organizational and Individual Outcomes of Health Promotion Strategies-A Review of Empirical Research. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18020383. [PMID: 33419033 PMCID: PMC7825322 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The main purpose of the paper is to identify the outcomes for employers and employees indicated in research related to workplace health promotion interventions (WHPIs). We investigated what methods are used and what types of organization this type of research is most often carried out in. In addition, the authors attempted to assess to what extent the methods used in the previous research prove the effectiveness of the implemented WHPIs. A systematic review of English-language papers (2000–2020) focused on types of health-promoting interventions in the workplace, and outcomes for employers and employees were conducted using the SCOPUS database (n = 260). As a result, 29 texts qualified for a final qualitative synthesis of the results. The analyses were most frequently conducted in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) based on both quantitative and qualitative methods. In order to draw conclusions, analyses were made by classifying the research presented in the texts according to the type of intervention implemented, classifying the outcomes identified, and indicating the type of evaluation made by the researcher. The analysis showed that most of the outcomes presented refer to changes in the strategy and organizational culture, as well as the behavior of employees. In 18 studies, the indication of outcomes resulted directly from the evaluation outcomes. In other cases, the outcomes were identified by an evaluation of the process or structure of WHPI. The conducted analysis showed significant diversity in terms of the outcomes measured and the research methods used. The quasi-experimental methods, randomly controlled cluster trials, or cross-sectorial studies used in the study to confirm the effectiveness of WHPI were used only in every third study. In these studies, measurements were usually performed twice: at baseline and after intervention. The majority of studies confirmed that WHPIs led to a positive change in the healthy behavior of employees and effected an organizational change, and more rarely led to savings or a reduction in costs resulting from sickness absenteeism, presentism, turnover, etc., and return on investment (ROI). The article shows the need to conduct further research towards the development of guidelines for the evaluation of the effectiveness of implemented programs.
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Sorensen G, Dennerlein JT, Peters SE, Sabbath EL, Kelly EL, Wagner GR. The future of research on work, safety, health and wellbeing: A guiding conceptual framework. Soc Sci Med 2021; 269:113593. [PMID: 33341740 PMCID: PMC10868656 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Work plays a central role in health. A conceptual model can help frame research priorities and questions to explore determinants of workers' safety, health, and wellbeing. A previous conceptual model focused on the workplace setting to emphasize the role of conditions of work in shaping workers' safety, health and wellbeing. These conditions of work include physical, organizational, and psychosocial factors. This manuscript presents and discusses an updated and expanded conceptual model, placing the workplace and the conditions of work within the broader context of socio-political-economic environments and consequent trends in employment and labor force patterns. Social, political and economic trends, such as growing reliance on technology, climate change, and globalization, have significant implications for workers' day-to-day experiences. These structural forces in turn shape employment and labor patterns, with implications for the availability and quality of jobs; the nature of relationships between employers and workers; and the benefits and protections available to workers. Understanding these patterns will be critical for anticipating the consequences of future changes in the conditions of work, and ultimately help inform decision-making around policies and practices intended to protect and promote worker safety, health, and wellbeing. This model provides a structure for anticipating research needs in response to the changing nature of work, including the formation of research priorities, the need for expanded research methods and measures, and attention to diverse populations of enterprises and workers. This approach anticipates changes in the way work is structured, managed, and experienced by workers and can effectively inform policies and practices needed to protect and promote worker safety, health and wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glorian Sorensen
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Jack T Dennerlein
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Susan E Peters
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Erika L Sabbath
- Boston College School of Social Work, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | - Erin L Kelly
- MIT Sloan School of Management, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Mohammadian F, Asadi ZS, Moradinia M, Tajik R, Abhar R, Soleimanifar M. The effect of theory-based educational intervention on correct principles of manual material handling among men. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2020; 9:319. [PMID: 33426123 PMCID: PMC7774607 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_242_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Changing human behavior for the purposes of improving the way people work is an integral part of most educational interventions. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a model based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB) on correct principles of manual material handling (MMH) among male soldiers. SUBJECTS AND METHODS This study was a quasi-experimental, pretest-posttest research with a control group. Furthermore, 140 soldiers, from an area located in the city of Bandar Abbas, Iran, were selected through a simple random sampling and they were divided into two groups: intervention and control (70 subjects in each group). The data were collected using a three-part questionnaire including demographic information, the theory constructs, and MMH behavior. The intervention group was given the relevant education, and after 2 months, the both groups were evaluated. RESULTS Based on regression analysis, attitude toward behavior and perceived behavioral control were predictors for correct principles of MMH. There were significant differences between the mean scores of the theory constructs before and after the education in intervention group (P < 0.001); however, no significant differences were observed in the theory constructs in the control group after the intervention. Before the education, the mean score of MMH of the intervention group was 38.30 ± 6.45; but after, the education, this changed into 44.20 ± 6.01, and significantly increased (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Educational intervention based on the TPB was effective in improving behavior for correct MMH in soldiers. Thus, the use of such educational programs according to the constructs of the planned behavior theory is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farough Mohammadian
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety Engineering, Environmental Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Zahra Sadat Asadi
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Moradinia
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Aerospace and Subaquatic Medicine Faculty, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Tajik
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Rasoul Abhar
- Marine Medicine Research Center, Baghiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Manijeh Soleimanifar
- Department of Physical Therapy, Health Management Research Group, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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Degree of Integration Between Occupational Safety and Health Programs and Wellness Programs: First-year Results From an Insurer-Sponsored Wellness Grant for Smaller Employers. J Occup Environ Med 2020; 61:704-717. [PMID: 31205207 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000001644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to describe levels of integration between occupational safety and health (OSH) and workplace wellness programs/practices/policies ("programs") among participants in an insurer-sponsored wellness grant program. METHODS We analyzed survey responses about year 1 of an insurer-sponsored grant to start a wellness program from 220 small- and medium-sized employers. Responses yielded 25 indicators of OSH-wellness integration, and 10 additional indicators to summarize multiple responses. RESULTS At least half of the employers (N = 220) reported some level of integration within five of seven categories of OSH-wellness integration. Employers sometimes considered ergonomics, safety, or substance exposure hazards while designing their wellness program (15%) or reduced such hazards to support their wellness program (24%). Few meaningful differences were observed by employer size. CONCLUSIONS Although high levels of integration were unusual, some degree of integration was common for most indicator categories.
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Jaegers LA, Ahmad SO, Scheetz G, Bixler E, Nadimpalli S, Barnidge E, Katz IM, Vaughn MG, Matthieu MM. Total Worker Health ® Needs Assessment to Identify Workplace Mental Health Interventions in Rural and Urban Jails. Am J Occup Ther 2020; 74:7403205020p1-7403205020p12. [PMID: 32365308 DOI: 10.5014/ajot.2019.036400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Jail officers are an underserved population of public safety workers at high risk for developing chronic mental health conditions. OBJECTIVE In response to national calls for the examination of stressors related to the unique work contexts of correctional facilities, we implemented a pilot study informed by the Total Worker Health® (TWH) strategy at two urban and two rural jails. DESIGN Participatory teams guided areas of interest for a mixed-data needs assessment, including surveys with 320 jail officers to inform focus groups (N = 40). SETTING Urban and rural jails in the midwestern United States. PARTICIPANTS Jail correctional officers and sheriff's deputies employed at participating jails. MEASURES We measured mental health characteristics using the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Global Mental Health scale, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale, and the two-item Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist. Constructs to identify workplace characteristics included emotional support, work-family conflict, dangerousness, health climate, organizational operations, effectiveness of training, quality of supervision, and organizational fairness. RESULTS On the basis of general population estimates, we found that jail officers were at higher risk for mental health disorders, including depression and posttraumatic stress disorder. Jail officers identified workplace health interventions to address individual-, interpersonal-, institutional-, and community-level needs. CONCLUSION Implementation of a TWH needs assessment in urban and rural jails to identify evidence-informed, multilevel interventions was found to be feasible. Using this assessment, we identified specific workplace health protection and promotion solutions. WHAT THIS ARTICLE ADDS Results from this study support the profession's vision to influence policies, environments, and systems through collaborative work. This TWH study has implications for practice and research by addressing mental health needs among jail officers and by providing practical applications to create evidence-informed, tailored interventions to promote workplace health in rural and urban jails.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A Jaegers
- Lisa A. Jaegers, PhD, OTR/L, FAOTA, is Assistant Professor, Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Doisy College of Health Sciences, and School of Social Work, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO;
| | - Syed Omar Ahmad
- Syed Omar Ahmad, PhD, OTD, is Professor, Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Doisy College of Health Sciences, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO
| | - Gregory Scheetz
- Gregory Scheetz, MSW, LCSW, is Clinical Social Worker, UCLA Health, Los Angeles. At the time of the study, he was Student, School of Social Work, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO
| | - Emily Bixler
- Emily Bixler, MPH, CPH, ATC, is Research Associate, National Safety Council, Itasca, IL. At the time of the study, she was Student, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Department of Biosecurity, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO
| | - Saketh Nadimpalli
- Saketh Nadimpalli, MPH, is Regulatory Affairs Manager, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL. At the time of the study, he was Student, Department of Epidemiology, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO
| | - Ellen Barnidge
- Ellen Barnidge, PhD, MPH, is Associate Professor, Department of Behavioral Science and Health Education, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO
| | - Ian M Katz
- Ian M. Katz, MS, is Doctoral Student, Department of Psychology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO
| | - Michael G Vaughn
- Michael G. Vaughn, PhD, is Professor, School of Social Work, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO
| | - Monica M Matthieu
- Monica M. Matthieu, PhD, LCSW, is Associate Professor, School of Social Work, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO
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Dennerlein JT, Burke L, Sabbath EL, Williams JAR, Peters SE, Wallace L, Karapanos M, Sorensen G. An Integrative Total Worker Health Framework for Keeping Workers Safe and Healthy During the COVID-19 Pandemic. HUMAN FACTORS 2020; 62:689-696. [PMID: 32515231 PMCID: PMC7346710 DOI: 10.1177/0018720820932699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim was to recommend an integrated Total Worker Health (TWH) approach which embraces core human factors and ergonomic principles, supporting worker safety, health, and well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic. BACKGROUND COVID-19 has resulted in unprecedented challenges to workplace safety and health for workers and managers in essential businesses, including healthcare workers, grocery stores, delivery services, warehouses, and distribution centers. Essential workers need protection, accurate information, and a supportive work environment with an unwavering focus on effective infection control. METHOD The investigators reviewed emerging workplace recommendations for reducing workers' exposures to the novel coronavirus and the challenges to workers in protecting their health. Using a theoretical framework and guidelines for integrating safety and health management systems into an organization for TWH, the investigators adapted the framework's key characteristics to meet the specific worker safety and health issues for effective infection control, providing supports for increasing psychological demands while ensuring a safe work environment. RESULTS The recommended approach includes six key characteristics: focusing on working conditions for infection control and supportive environments for increased psychological demands; utilizing participatory approaches involving workers in identifying daily challenges and unique solutions; employing comprehensive and collaborative efforts to increase system efficiencies; committing as leaders to supporting workers through action and communications; adhering to ethical and legal standards; and using data to guide actions and evaluate progress. CONCLUSION Applying an integrative TWH approach for worker safety, health, and well-being provides a framework to help managers systematically organize and protect themselves, essential workers, and the public during the COVID-19 pandemic. APPLICATION By using the systems approach provided by the six implementation characteristics, employers of essential workers can organize their own efforts to improve system performance and worker well-being during these unprecedented times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack T. Dennerlein
- Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
- Jack T. Dennerlein, Northeastern University, Robinson Hall, Room 301, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, USA;
| | - Lisa Burke
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Glorian Sorensen
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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Peters SE, Trieu HD, Manjourides J, Katz JN, Dennerlein JT. Designing a Participatory Total Worker Health ® Organizational Intervention for Commercial Construction Subcontractors to Improve Worker Safety, Health, and Well-Being: The "ARM for Subs" Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E5093. [PMID: 32679687 PMCID: PMC7400451 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17145093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Background: Evidence supports organizational interventions as being effective for improving worker safety, health and well-being; however, there is a paucity of evidence-based interventions for subcontracting companies in commercial construction. Methods: A theory-driven approach supplemented by formative research through key stakeholder interviews and focus groups and an iterative vetting process with stakeholders, resulted in the development of an intervention for subcontractors in the commercial construction industry. We piloted the intervention in one subcontracting commercial construction company. We used these findings to adapt and finalize the intervention design to be tested in a future large-scale trial. Results: There were several key findings from the formative research, including challenges faced by companies and assets that should be considered in the intervention design. This resulted in a communication infrastructure company-based, continual improvement, participatory intervention design, consisting of a needs assessment and report, committee-led prioritization, action planning and implementation, and worker communication/feedback cycle. The pilot contributed to the final intervention design with modifications made with respect to timing, implementation support, capacity building, adaptability and sustainability. Conclusions: The use of a theory-driven participatory approach to developing an integrated organizational intervention for commercial construction subcontracting companies was important and necessary. It allowed us to consider the empirical evidence and relevant theories and tailor these to meet the needs of our target population. This study gives pragmatic insight into the early development of a complex intervention, with practical experience of how we adapted our intervention at each stage. This intervention will be tested in a future randomized trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan E. Peters
- Harvard Center for Work, Health, and Well-Being, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hao D. Trieu
- Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (H.D.T.); (J.M.)
| | - Justin Manjourides
- Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (H.D.T.); (J.M.)
| | - Jeffrey N. Katz
- Departments of Orthopedic Surgery and Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jack T. Dennerlein
- Harvard Center for Work, Health, and Well-Being, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (H.D.T.); (J.M.)
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Linnan LA, Vaughn AE, Smith FT, Westgate P, Hales D, Arandia G, Neshteruk C, Willis E, Ward DS. Results of caring and reaching for health (CARE): a cluster-randomized controlled trial assessing a worksite wellness intervention for child care staff. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2020; 17:64. [PMID: 32414381 PMCID: PMC7227251 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-020-00968-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Child care workers are among the lowest paid US workers and experience a wide array of health concerns. The physical and mental demands of their job and the lack of employer-provided health-insurance increase health risks. The Caring and Reaching for Health (CARE) study evaluated a 6-month Healthy Lifestyles intervention targeting child care workers' physical activity (primary outcome), other health behaviors, and their workplace health environment. METHODS Eligible child care centers, defined as being in operation for at least 2 years and employing at least four staff, were enrolled into CARE's cluster-randomized trial. Centers and their child care staff were randomly assigned to either the Healthy Lifestyles (HL) intervention arm or the Healthy Finances (HF) attention control arm using a block randomization approach. Intervention components were delivered through in-person workshops, center-level displays, informational magazines, director coaching, electronic messaging, and an interactive website. Outcome measures were collected during center visits at baseline and immediately post-intervention by trained data collectors blinded to center arm assignment. Workers' physical activity was assessed with accelerometers, worn for 7 days. Secondary outcome measures included biometric assessments of health and fitness, web-based surveys about health behaviors, and an environmental audit of workplace supports for health. Multi-level linear mixed models assessed worker- and center-level changes in these outcomes. RESULTS Participants included 553 child care workers representing 56 centers (HL = 250 staff/28 centers, HF = 303 staff/28 centers). At 6 months, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity declined slightly in both arms (- 1.3 min/day, 95% CI: - 3.0, 0.3 in HL; - 1.9 min/day, 95% CI: - 3.3, - 0.5 in HF), but there was no significant group by time interaction. Several secondary outcomes for other health behaviors and workplace health environment showed improvements in favor of the intervention arm, yet differences did not remain statistically significant after adjustment for multiple comparisons. CONCLUSIONS While the Healthy Lifestyles intervention did not improve health behaviors or the workplace health environment, results confirmed the pressing need to focus on the health of child care workers. Future interventions should focus on prevalent health issues (e.g., weight, stress), include both high-tech and high-touch intervention strategies, and address work conditions or other social determinants of health (e.g. wages) as a means of improving the health of these essential workers. TRIAL REGISTRATION Care2BWell: Worksite Wellness for Child Care (NCT02381938).
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Linnan
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 7440, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599-7440, USA.
| | - Amber E Vaughn
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Falon T Smith
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Philip Westgate
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Heath, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Derek Hales
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Gabriela Arandia
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 7440, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599-7440, USA
| | - Cody Neshteruk
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Erik Willis
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Dianne S Ward
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Magnavita N, Heponiemi T, Chirico F. Workplace Violence Is Associated With Impaired Work Functioning in Nurses: An Italian Cross‐Sectional Study. J Nurs Scholarsh 2020; 52:281-291. [DOI: 10.1111/jnu.12549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Magnavita
- Associate Professor, Director of Post‐graduate School of Occupational Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, and Medical Doctor, Department of Woman/Child and Public Health Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli Rome Italy
| | - Tarja Heponiemi
- Research professor, Social and Health Systems Research Unit National Institute for Health and Welfare Helsinki Finland
| | - Francesco Chirico
- Official Doctor, Health Service Department, State Police, Ministry of Interior, Milan, Italy and Contract Professor, Post‐graduate School of Occupational Medicine Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Rome Italy
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Punnett L, Cavallari JM, Henning RA, Nobrega S, Dugan AG, Cherniack MG. Defining 'Integration' for Total Worker Health®: A New Proposal. Ann Work Expo Health 2020; 64:223-235. [PMID: 32003780 PMCID: PMC7064271 DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxaa003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of work and the conditions of employment on health behaviors and intermediate health conditions have been demonstrated, to the extent that these relationships should be addressed in efforts to prevent chronic disease. However, conventional health promotion practice generally focuses on personal risk factors and individual behavior change. In an effort to find solutions to the myriad of health challenges faced by the American workforce, the U.S. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) established the Total Worker Health® (TWH) program. Originally organized around the paradigm of integrating traditional occupational safety and health protections with workplace health promotion, TWH has evolved to a broader emphasis on workplace programs for enhancing worker safety, health, and well-being. Among the research programs and approaches developed by investigators at NIOSH Centers of Excellence for TWH and elsewhere, definitions of 'integration' in workplace interventions vary widely. There is no consensus about which organizational or individual outcomes are the most salient, how much to emphasize organizational contexts of work, or which program elements are necessary in order to qualify as 'Total Worker Health'. Agreement about the dimensions of integration would facilitate comparison of programs and interventions which are self-defined as TWH, although diverse in content. The specific criteria needed to define integration should be unique to that concept-i.e. distinct from and additive to conventional criteria for predicting or evaluating the success of a workplace health program. We propose a set of four TWH-specific metrics for integrated interventions that address both program content and process: (i) coordination and interaction of workplace programs across domains; (ii) assessment of both work and non-work exposures; (iii) emphasis on interventions to make the workplace more health-promoting; and (iv) participatory engagement of workers in pivotal ways during intervention prioritization and planning to develop self-efficacy in addressing root causes, skill transfer, building program ownership, empowerment, and continuous improvement. Thus we find that integration requires organizational change, both to engage two managerial functions with different goals, legal responsibilities, and (often) internal incentives & resources, and also to orient the organization toward salutogenesis. Examples from research activity within the Center for the Promotion of Health in the New England Workplace illustrate how these criteria have been applied in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Punnett
- Center for Promotion of Health in the New England Workplace, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer M Cavallari
- Department of Public Health Sciences, UConn School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Robert A Henning
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Suzanne Nobrega
- Center for Promotion of Health in the New England Workplace, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA
| | - Alicia G Dugan
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Martin G Cherniack
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
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Syed IUB. Diet, physical activity, and emotional health: what works, what doesn't, and why we need integrated solutions for total worker health. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:152. [PMID: 32005215 PMCID: PMC6995193 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-8288-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Current research advocates lifestyle factors to manage workers’ health issues, such as obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type II diabetes mellitus, among other things (World Health Organization (WHO) Obesity: preventing and managing the global epidemic, 2000; World Health Organization (WHO) Obesity and overweight, 2016), though little is known about employees’ lifestyle factors in high-stress, high turnover environments, such as in the long term care (LTC) sector. Methods Drawing on qualitative single-case study in Ontario, Canada, this paper investigates an under-researched area consisting of the health practices of health care workers from high-stress, high turnover environments. In particular, it identifies LTC worker’s mechanisms for maintaining physical, emotional, and social wellbeing. Results The findings suggest that while particular mechanisms were prevalent, such as through diet and exercise, they were often conducted in group settings or tied to emotional health, suggesting important social and mental health contexts to these behaviors. Furthermore, there were financial barriers that prevented workers from participating in these activities and achieving health benefits, suggesting that structurally, social determinants of health (SDoH), such as income and income distribution, are contextually important. Conclusions Accordingly, given that workplace health promotion and protection must be addressed at the individual, organizational, and structural levels, this study advocates integrated, total worker health (TWH) initiatives that consider social determinants of health approaches, recognizing the wider socio-economic impacts of workers’ health and wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iffath U B Syed
- School of Health Policy and Management, York University, Stong College, 3rd Floor, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario, M3J 1P3, Canada.
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Gerassis S, Abad A, Taboada J, Saavedra Á, Giráldez E. A comparative analysis of health surveillance strategies for administrative video display terminal employees. Biomed Eng Online 2019; 18:118. [PMID: 31829225 PMCID: PMC6907276 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-019-0737-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The objective of this study was to develop a strategy to optimize medical health surveillance protocols for administrative employees using video display terminals (VDTs). A total of 2453 medical examinations were analysed for VDT users in various sectors. From these data, using Bayesian statistics we inferred which factors were most relevant to medical diagnosis of the main disorders affecting VDT users. This information was used to build an influence diagram to evaluate the time and monetary costs associated with each diagnostic test and define an optimal protocol strategy based on occupational risks. Results Musculoskeletal and ophthalmological diseases were identified as the most frequent disorders among VDT users. The Bayesian network inferred age, sleep quality, activity level, smoking and the consumption of alcohol as risk factors. The blood count was the most costly test (5.23 USD/employee) and the second most costly test in time terms (4 min/employee), yet is a diagnostic test that has little influence on the medical decision regarding an employee’s capacity to perform their job. Conclusions Current occupational health surveillance protocols for VDT users may lead to expenditure that is 54% greater than necessary. For many employees and employers, failure to perform a wide range of medical tests for occupational health surveillance purposes is subjectively perceived as a threat to health. Awareness needs to be raised of the appropriate role of different health areas, so as to optimize diagnostic efficiency on the basis of greater flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saki Gerassis
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Engineering, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Alberto Abad
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Engineering, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Javier Taboada
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Engineering, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Ángeles Saavedra
- Department of Statistics and Operational Research, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain.
| | - Eduardo Giráldez
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Engineering, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
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Schulte PA, Delclos G, Felknor SA, Chosewood LC. Toward an Expanded Focus for Occupational Safety and Health: A Commentary. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16244946. [PMID: 31817587 PMCID: PMC6949988 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16244946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Powerful and ongoing changes in how people work, the workforce, and the workplace require a more holistic view of each of these. We argue that an expanded focus for occupational safety and health (OSH) is necessary to prepare for and respond rapidly to future changes in the world of work that will certainly challenge traditional OSH systems. The WHO Model for Action, various European efforts at well-being, and the Total Worker Health concept provide a foundation for addressing changes in the world of work. However, a paradigm expansion to include the recognition of worker and workforce well-being as an important outcome of OSH will be needed. It will also be vital to stimulate transdisciplinary efforts and find innovative ways to attract and train students into OSH professions as the paradigm expands. This will require active marketing of the OSH field as vibrant career choice, as a profession filled with meaningful, engaging responsibilities, and as a well-placed investment for industry and society. An expanded paradigm will result in the need for new disciplines and specialties in OSH, which may be useful in new market efforts to attract new professionals. Ultimately, to achieve worker and workforce well-being we must consider how to implement this expanded focus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A. Schulte
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA; (S.A.F.); (L.C.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - George Delclos
- Southwest Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Texas Health Science Center School of Public Health, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Sarah A. Felknor
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA; (S.A.F.); (L.C.C.)
| | - L. Casey Chosewood
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA; (S.A.F.); (L.C.C.)
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López Gómez MA, Sabbath E, Boden L, Williams JAR, Hopcia K, Hashimoto D, Sorensen G. Organizational and Psychosocial Working Conditions and Their Relationship With Mental Health Outcomes in Patient-Care Workers. J Occup Environ Med 2019; 61:e480-e485. [PMID: 31651598 PMCID: PMC10898241 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000001736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between both psychosocial and organizational working conditions with self-reported mental health and mental health expenditures. METHODS This study used worker survey and medical claims data from a sample of 1594 patient-care workers from the Boston Hospital Workers Health Study (BHWHS) to assess the relationship of psychosocial (job demands, decision latitude, supervisor support, coworker support) and organizational (job flexibility, people-oriented culture) working conditions with mental health outcomes using validated tools RESULTS:: People-oriented culture and coworker support were negatively correlated with psychological distress and were predictive of lower expenditures in mental health services. Job demands were positively correlated with psychological distress. CONCLUSIONS Working conditions that promote trustful relationships and a cooperative work environment may render sustainable solutions to prevent ill mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Andrée López Gómez
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts (Dr López Gómez, Dr Williams, and Dr Sorensen); Boston College, School of Social Work, Boston, Massachusetts (Dr Sabbath); Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts (Dr Boden); Department of Health Policy and Management, University of Kansas School of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas (Dr Williams); Workplace Health and Wellbeing, Partners HealthCare System, Boston, Massachusetts (Dr Hopcia); Partners HealthCare, Inc., Boston, Massachusetts (Dr Hashimoto); Boston College Law School, Boston, Massachusetts (Dr Hashimoto); Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Center for Community-Based Research, Boston, Massachusetts (Dr Williams and Dr Sorensen)
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Katz AS, Pronk NP, McLellan D, Dennerlein J, Katz JN. Perceived Workplace Health and Safety Climates: Associations With Worker Outcomes and Productivity. Am J Prev Med 2019; 57:487-494. [PMID: 31542126 PMCID: PMC10866333 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2019.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study investigates the associations between perceived workplace health and safety climates and a variety of worker and employer outcomes. METHODS Self-reported data were collected from an employee health assessment offered at 3 companies (n=959) in 2014. Independent variables included 2 climate variables: perceived safety climate and perceived health and well-being climate. Logistic regression models, performed in 2016-2017, explored the associations between the 2 climate variables and 3 sets of outcomes: worker outcomes, worker health behaviors, and employer outcomes. RESULTS Perceived workplace safety climate was positively associated with physical activity and optimal sleep. Stronger perceived workplace health and well-being and safety climates were related to less depression, higher job and life satisfaction, less back pain, and higher general health. Stronger perceived climates of workplace safety and health and well-being were associated with less productivity loss. CONCLUSIONS Conditions of work, such as perceived climate, are associated with improved worker behaviors (physical activity and sleep), worker outcomes (depression, job and life satisfaction, back pain, and general health), and employer (productivity) outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail S Katz
- Health Promotion, HealthPartners, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Research Division, HealthPartners, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
| | - Nico P Pronk
- Health Promotion, HealthPartners, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Research Division, HealthPartners, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Center for Work, Health, & Well-being, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Deborah McLellan
- Center for Work, Health, & Well-being, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jack Dennerlein
- Center for Work, Health, & Well-being, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts; Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jeffrey N Katz
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Departments of Medicine and Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To conduct a comprehensive literature review to develop recommendations for managing obesity among workers to improve health outcomes and to explore the impact of obesity on health costs to determine whether a case can be made for surgical interventions and insurance coverage. METHODS We searched PubMed from 2011 to 2016, and CINAHL, Scopus, and Cochrane Registry of Clinical Trials for interventions addressing obesity in the workplace. RESULTS A total of 1419 articles were screened, resulting in 275 articles being included. Several areas were identified that require more research and investigation. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support the use of both lifestyle modification and bariatric surgery to assist appropriate patients in losing weight.
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Prohibition on Changing Workplaces and Fatal Occupational Injuries among Chinese Migrant Workers in South Korea. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16183333. [PMID: 31509996 PMCID: PMC6766071 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16183333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We assessed the risk of fatal occupational injuries among migrant workers with two different types of employment permits in South Korea. This observational study used national data from January 2007 to September 2018 and analyzed 42,089 cases of occupationally injured migrant workers of Chinese nationality. Fatality rates were analyzed according to year, sex, age, occupation, industry, and type of employment permit. Chinese workers were permitted to work for one employer and prohibited from changing employers, whereas Korean-Chinese workers were permitted to change their employer. The adjusted fatality rate of occupational injuries of Chinese migrant workers was significantly higher (1.80-fold, 95% confidence interval 1.31-2.46) than that of Korean-Chinese migrant workers. The prohibition on changing workplaces; male sex; age ≥ 45 years; machine operator; construction industry; and agriculture, livestock, and fisheries industry were risk factors for fatal occupational injuries. The results imply a need for revision of the migrant-worker employment permit systems and implementation of occupational safety and health policies for all workers to promote health equity.
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69
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Literature Review of Policy Implications From Findings of the Center for Work, Health, and Well-being. J Occup Environ Med 2019; 61:868-876. [PMID: 31453894 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000001686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review the publications of a Total Worker Health Center of Excellence, the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Center for Work, Health, and Well-being, in order to identify research findings relevant to either organizational or public policies. METHODS Two researchers independently reviewed 57 publications from 2011 to 2019 to identify cross-cutting themes that focus on working conditions or related health outcomes and their organizational and public policy implications. RESULTS Twelve cross-cutting themes were identified with their respective organizational and public policy implications. Several policy implications cut across work-related themes. CONCLUSIONS Policy implications of TWH research will aid in setting priorities to translate this from research into practice in future studies and help identify gaps that we and others can use to plan future TWH research.
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Wijnen BFM, Lokkerbol J, Boot C, Havermans BM, van der Beek AJ, Smit F. Implementing interventions to reduce work-related stress among health-care workers: an investment appraisal from the employer's perspective. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2019; 93:123-132. [PMID: 31451925 PMCID: PMC6989605 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-019-01471-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The Stress-Prevention@Work implementation strategy has been demonstrated to be successful in reducing stress in employees. Now, we assess the economic return-on-investment to see if it would make for a favourable business case for employers. Methods Data were collected from 303 health-care workers assigned to either a waitlisted control condition (142 employees in 15 teams) or to Stress-Prevention@Work (161 employees in 15 teams). Main outcome was productivity losses measured using the Trimbos and iMTA Cost questionnaire in Psychiatry. Measurements were taken at baseline, 6, and 12 months post-baseline. Results The per-employee costs of the strategy were €50. Net monetary benefits were the benefits (i.e., improved productivity) minus the costs (i.e., intervention costs) and were the main outcome of this investment appraisal. Per-employee net benefits amounted to €2981 on average, which was an almost 60-fold payout of the initial investment of €50. There was a 96.7% likelihood for the modest investment of €50 to be offset by cost savings within 1 year. Moreover, a net benefit of at least €1000 still has a likelihood of 88.2%. Conclusions In general, there was a high likelihood that Stress-Prevention@Work offers an appealing business case from the perspective of employers, but the employer should factor in the additional per-employee costs of the stress-reducing interventions. Still, if these additional costs were as high as €2981, then costs and benefits would break even. This study was registered in the Netherlands National Trial Register, trial code: NTR5527.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben F M Wijnen
- Centre for Economic Evaluation, Trimbos-Institute, Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, Utrecht, The Netherlands. .,Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Technology Assessment, Maastricht University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 616, 6200, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Joran Lokkerbol
- Centre for Economic Evaluation, Trimbos-Institute, Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Public Mental Health, Trimbos-Institute, Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cecile Boot
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,TNO-VU University Medical Centre, Body@Work, Research Centre Physical Activity, Work and Health, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bo M Havermans
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,TNO-VU University Medical Centre, Body@Work, Research Centre Physical Activity, Work and Health, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Allard J van der Beek
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,TNO-VU University Medical Centre, Body@Work, Research Centre Physical Activity, Work and Health, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Filip Smit
- Centre for Economic Evaluation, Trimbos-Institute, Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Public Mental Health, Trimbos-Institute, Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Psychosocial Risk Prevention in a Global Occupational Health Perspective. A Descriptive Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16142470. [PMID: 31336707 PMCID: PMC6678173 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16142470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to find out which countries around the world require psychosocial hazards and workplace violence to be assessed by employers through a mandatory occupational risk assessment process and to compare the type of legislation between countries. We systematically searched the International Labour Office (ILO) “LEGOSH” database for documents published during the period between December 2017 and February 2018. The search included 132 countries, of which 23 were considered as developed and 109 as developing according to the United Nations. Our review showed that most countries (85, i.e., 64%) have not included mandatory psychosocial risk assessment and prevention in their national occupational safety and health legislation. Moreover, we found differences between developed and developing countries, showing that developed countries more frequently have legislative measures. Within developed countries, we also found differences between countries following the Scandinavian model of workplace health and safety culture and other countries. Moreover, in many countries, workplace violence was prohibited only if it involves an offence to moral or religious customs. In conclusion, the marked difference in psychosocial hazards and workplace violence regulations among countries leads to unequal levels of workers’ protection, with adverse effects on global health.
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Sabbath EL, Hashimoto D, Boden LI, Dennerlein JT, Williams JAR, Hopcia K, Orechia T, Tripodis Y, Stoddard A, Sorensen G. Cohort profile: The Boston Hospital Workers Health Study (BHWHS). Int J Epidemiol 2019; 47:1739-1740g. [PMID: 30107500 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyy164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Erika L Sabbath
- School of Social Work, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | - Dean Hashimoto
- Partners HealthCare, Boston, MA, USA.,School of Law, Boston College, Newton, MA, USA
| | - Leslie I Boden
- School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jack T Dennerlein
- Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Anne Stoddard
- Centre for Community-based Research, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Glorian Sorensen
- Centre for Community-based Research, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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73
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Tsai R, Alterman T, Grosch JW, Luckhaupt SE. Availability of and Participation in Workplace Health Promotion Programs by Sociodemographic, Occupation, and Work Organization Characteristics in US Workers. Am J Health Promot 2019; 33:1028-1038. [PMID: 31014070 DOI: 10.1177/0890117119844478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine how the availability of and participation in workplace health promotion programs (WHPPs) vary as a function of sociodemographic, occupation, and work organization characteristics. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING 2015 National Health Interview Survey and Occupational Health Supplement. PARTICIPANTS The study sample included 17 469 employed adults who completed the WHPP questions. MEASURES The 2 dependent outcome measures were availability of WHPPs and participation in these programs when available. Independent variables included occupation and 8 work organization and employment characteristics: company size, hours worked, supervisory responsibility, hourly pay, paid sick leave, health insurance offered by employer, work schedule, and work arrangement. ANALYSIS Poisson regression analyses were conducted with SUDAAN 11.0.1. RESULTS Overall, 57.8% of 46.6% employees who have WHPPs available reported participating in these programs. This study found that adults who worked ≤20 h/wk, worked regular night shifts, were paid by the hour, or worked for temporary agencies were less likely to participate in WHPPs. Workers who supervised others were 13% more likely to participate than nonsupervisors. Borderline associations were seen for having access to employer-sponsored health insurance and working at a site with <10 employees. CONCLUSION Despite the potential for improving physical and mental health, only 58% of US workers participated in WHPPs. Since barriers to WHPP participation (eg, time constraints, lack of awareness, and no perceived need) may vary across occupations and work organization characteristics, employers should tailor WHPPs based on their specific work organization characteristics to maximize participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Tsai
- 1 Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluation and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, OH, USA
| | - Toni Alterman
- 1 Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluation and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, OH, USA
| | - James W Grosch
- 2 Division of Applied Research and Technology, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Sara E Luckhaupt
- 1 Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluation and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, OH, USA
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Sorensen G, Peters S, Nielsen K, Nagler E, Karapanos M, Wallace L, Burke L, Dennerlein JT, Wagner GR. Improving Working Conditions to Promote Worker Safety, Health, and Wellbeing for Low-Wage Workers: The Workplace Organizational Health Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E1449. [PMID: 31022886 PMCID: PMC6518251 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16081449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This paper addresses a significant gap in the literature by describing a study that tests the feasibility and efficacy of an organizational intervention to improve working conditions, safety, and wellbeing for low-wage food service workers. The Workplace Organizational Health Study tests the hypothesis that an intervention targeting the work organization and environment will result in improvements in workers' musculoskeletal disorders and wellbeing. This ongoing study is being conducted in collaboration with a large food service company. Formative evaluation was used to prioritize outcomes, assess working conditions, and define essential intervention elements. The theory-driven intervention is being evaluated in a proof-of-concept trial, conducted to demonstrate feasibility and potential efficacy using a cluster randomized design. Ten worksites were randomly assigned to intervention or control conditions. The 13-month intervention uses a comprehensive systems approach to improve workplace policies and practices. Using principles of participatory engagement, the intervention targets safety and ergonomics; work intensity; and job enrichment. The evaluation will provide a preliminary assessment of estimates of the intervention effect on targeted outcomes and inform understanding of the intervention implementation across worksites. This study is expected to provide insights on methods to improve working conditions in support of the safety and wellbeing of low-wage workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glorian Sorensen
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Susan Peters
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Karina Nielsen
- Institute for Work Psychology, Sheffield University Management School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK.
| | - Eve Nagler
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | | | | | - Lisa Burke
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Jack T Dennerlein
- Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Gregory R Wagner
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Pham CT, Lee CB, Nguyen TLH, Lin JD, Ali S, Chu C. Integrative settings approach to workplace health promotion to address contemporary challenges for worker health in the Asia-Pacific. Glob Health Promot 2019; 27:82-90. [DOI: 10.1177/1757975918816691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Workplaces in the rapidly industrializing Asia-Pacific region face growing pressures from high-speed development driven by global competition, migration and the aging of the workforce. Apart from addressing work-related injuries, workplaces in the region also have to deal with increasing occupational stress, chronic diseases and their associated socio-economic burden. Meanwhile, interventions in workplace health are still dominated by a narrow behavioral change model. To this end, the integrative workplace health promotion model, initiated by the World Health Organization from successful post-1990 pilot projects, emerges as a timely, comprehensive and appropriate means to manage contemporary workplace health and safety issues in the region. In this paper, we highlight the key workplace health challenges in the Asia-Pacific region and the utility of the integrative workplace health promotion model in addressing them. We provide a brief overview of the pressing challenges confronting workplaces in the region, then explain the why, what and how of integrative workplace health promotion. We illustrate this model by reviewing successful examples of good practice and evidence of their achievements from workplace health promotion programs in Asia-Pacific from 2002 to date, with specific attention to government-led workplace health promotion programs in Shanghai, Singapore and Taiwan. Drawing from these successful examples, we recommend government policies and facilitating strategies needed to guide, support and sustain industries in implementing integrative workplace health promotion. We conclude that consistent supportive government policies, coupled with facilitation by international bodies towards capacity and professional network building, are crucial to developing and sustaining healthy workplaces in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Tuan Pham
- Centre for Environment and Population Health, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Chiachi Bonnie Lee
- Department of Health Services Administration, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | - Jin-Ding Lin
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Gerontology and Health Management, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shahmir Ali
- Centre for Environment and Population Health, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Cordia Chu
- Centre for Environment and Population Health, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
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Manjourides J, Dennerlein JT. Testing the associations between leading and lagging indicators in a contractor safety pre-qualification database. Am J Ind Med 2019; 62:317-324. [PMID: 30724373 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.22951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Safety prequalification assessing contractors' safety management systems and safety programs lack validation in predicting construction worker injuries. METHODS Safety assessments of leading indicators from 2198 construction contractors, including Safety Management Systems (SMS), Safety Programs (e.g., falls, hearing protection), and Special Elements (drug testing, return to work) scales as well as the history of citations from the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) were compared to contractors' lagging indicators of recordable injury case rates (RC) and rates of injuries involving days away, restricted, or transferred (DART). RESULTS Increased SMS scores were related to lower injury rates. Each one-point increase in SMS values was associated with 34% reduced odds of a recordable case rate greater than zero (Odds ratio (OR): 0.66, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): (0.57, 0.79)), and a 9% reduced recordable case rate, if one occurs (Risk Ratio (RR): 0.91, 95% CI: (0.88, 0.94)). A one-point increase in SMS was associated with 28% reduced odds of a DART (OR = 0.72, 95%CI (0.56, 0.91)), and 9% reduced DART rate, if one occurs (RR = 0.91, 95%CI (0.87, 0.95)). Safety programs did not show consistent associations with injury outcomes. Having additional Special Elements related to drug and alcohol programs was associated with lower injury rates while the Special Element related to return to work showed no consistent associations with injury. Having more OSHA Citations was associated with lower injury rates for companies with injuries. CONCLUSIONS These results support pre-qualification methods based on SMS and suggest the need for safety management systems in contractors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Manjourides
- Department of Health SciencesBouvé College of Health SciencesNortheastern UniversityBostonMassachusetts
| | - Jack T. Dennerlein
- Department of Physical Therapy, Movement, and Rehabilitation SciencesBouvé College of Health SciencesNortheastern UniversityBostonMassachusetts
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Sabbath EL, Yang J, Dennerlein JT, Boden LI, Hashimoto D, Sorensen G. Paradoxical Impact of a Patient-Handling Intervention on Injury Rate Disparity Among Hospital Workers. Am J Public Health 2019; 109:618-625. [PMID: 30789763 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2018.304929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To test whether a comprehensive safe patient-handling intervention, which successfully reduced overall injury rates among hospital workers in a prior study, was differentially effective for higher-wage workers (nurses) versus low-wage workers (patient care associates [PCAs]). METHODS Data were from a cohort of nurses and PCAs at 2 large hospitals in Boston, Massachusetts. One hospital received the intervention in 2013; the other did not. Using longitudinal survey data from 2012 and 2014 plus longitudinal administrative injury and payroll data, we tested for socioeconomic differences in changes in self-reported safe patient-handling practices, and for socioeconomic differences in changes in injury rates using administrative data. RESULTS After the intervention, improvements in self-reported patient-handling practices were equivalent for PCAs and for nurses. However, in administrative data, lifting and exertion injuries decreased among nurses (rate ratio [RR] = 0.64; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.41, 1.00) but not PCAs (RR = 1.10; 95% CI = 0.74,1.63; P for occupation × intervention interaction = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Although the population-level injury rate decreased after the intervention, most improvements were among higher-wage workers, widening the socioeconomic gap in injury and exemplifying the inequality paradox. Results have implications for public health intervention development, implementation, and analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika L Sabbath
- Erika L. Sabbath is with the School of Social Work, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA. At the time of the study, Jie Yang was with the School of Social Work, Boston College, and is also with the School of Social Work, East Carolina University, Greenville. Jack T. Dennerlein is with the Bouve College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA. Leslie I. Boden is with the Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston. Dean Hashimoto is with Partners HealthCare, Somerville, MA. Glorian Sorensen is with the Center for Community-Based Research, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston
| | - Jie Yang
- Erika L. Sabbath is with the School of Social Work, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA. At the time of the study, Jie Yang was with the School of Social Work, Boston College, and is also with the School of Social Work, East Carolina University, Greenville. Jack T. Dennerlein is with the Bouve College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA. Leslie I. Boden is with the Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston. Dean Hashimoto is with Partners HealthCare, Somerville, MA. Glorian Sorensen is with the Center for Community-Based Research, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston
| | - Jack T Dennerlein
- Erika L. Sabbath is with the School of Social Work, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA. At the time of the study, Jie Yang was with the School of Social Work, Boston College, and is also with the School of Social Work, East Carolina University, Greenville. Jack T. Dennerlein is with the Bouve College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA. Leslie I. Boden is with the Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston. Dean Hashimoto is with Partners HealthCare, Somerville, MA. Glorian Sorensen is with the Center for Community-Based Research, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston
| | - Leslie I Boden
- Erika L. Sabbath is with the School of Social Work, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA. At the time of the study, Jie Yang was with the School of Social Work, Boston College, and is also with the School of Social Work, East Carolina University, Greenville. Jack T. Dennerlein is with the Bouve College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA. Leslie I. Boden is with the Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston. Dean Hashimoto is with Partners HealthCare, Somerville, MA. Glorian Sorensen is with the Center for Community-Based Research, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston
| | - Dean Hashimoto
- Erika L. Sabbath is with the School of Social Work, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA. At the time of the study, Jie Yang was with the School of Social Work, Boston College, and is also with the School of Social Work, East Carolina University, Greenville. Jack T. Dennerlein is with the Bouve College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA. Leslie I. Boden is with the Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston. Dean Hashimoto is with Partners HealthCare, Somerville, MA. Glorian Sorensen is with the Center for Community-Based Research, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston
| | - Glorian Sorensen
- Erika L. Sabbath is with the School of Social Work, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA. At the time of the study, Jie Yang was with the School of Social Work, Boston College, and is also with the School of Social Work, East Carolina University, Greenville. Jack T. Dennerlein is with the Bouve College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA. Leslie I. Boden is with the Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston. Dean Hashimoto is with Partners HealthCare, Somerville, MA. Glorian Sorensen is with the Center for Community-Based Research, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston
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Fouquet N, Petit A, Descatha A, Roquelaure Y. Theoretical impact of workplace-based primary prevention of lumbar disc surgery in a French region: A pilot study. Work 2019; 62:13-20. [DOI: 10.3233/wor-182837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Natacha Fouquet
- Santé publique France, the French National Public Health Agency, Direction of Occupational Health, EpiprevTMS team associated to the University of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Audrey Petit
- INSERM, U1085, IRSET, ESTER Team, University of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Alexis Descatha
- INSERM UMS 011, Population Based Epidemiological Cohorts Unit, University Versailles St-Quentin, Versailles, France
| | - Yves Roquelaure
- INSERM, U1085, IRSET, ESTER Team, University of Angers, Angers, France
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Advancing Value-Based Medicine: Why Integrating Functional Outcomes With Clinical Measures Is Critical to Our Health Care Future. J Occup Environ Med 2019. [PMID: 28628057 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000001014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Tamers SL, Goetzel R, Kelly KM, Luckhaupt S, Nigam J, Pronk NP, Rohlman DS, Baron S, Brosseau LM, Bushnell T, Campo S, Chang CC, Childress A, Chosewood LC, Cunningham T, Goldenhar LM, Huang TTK, Hudson H, Linnan L, Newman LS, Olson R, Ozminkowski RJ, Punnett L, Schill A, Scholl J, Sorensen G. Research Methodologies for Total Worker Health®: Proceedings From a Workshop. J Occup Environ Med 2018; 60:968-978. [PMID: 30407366 PMCID: PMC6221402 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000001404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is growing interest in the NIOSH Total Worker Health program, specifically in the process of designing and implementing safer, health-promoting work and workplaces. A Total Worker Health (TWH) Research Methodology Workshop was convened to discuss research methods and future needs. METHODS Twenty-six experts in occupational safety and health and related fields reviewed and discussed current methodological and measurement issues and those showing promise. RESULTS TWH intervention studies face the same challenges as other workplace intervention studies and some unique ones. Examples are provided of different approaches and their applications to TWH intervention studies, and desired developments in the TWH literature. CONCLUSIONS This report discusses and outlines principles important to building the TWH intervention research base. Rigorous, valid methodologic, and measurement approaches are needed for TWH intervention as well as for basic/etiologic, translational, and surveillance research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara L Tamers
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Washington, DC (Dr Tamers, Ms Chang, Dr Childress, Dr Schill); Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Atlanta, GA (Dr Chosewood); Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH (Dr Luckhaupt, Ms Hudson, Dr Cunningham, Dr Bushnell, Dr Scholl, Ms Nigam); Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland (Dr Goetzel); IBM Watson Health, Bethesda, Maryland (Dr Goetzel, Dr Ozminkowski); University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa (Dr Kelly, Dr Rohlman, Dr Campo); HealthPartners Institute, Minneapolis, Minnesota (Dr Pronk); City University of New York, New York City, New York (Dr Baron, Dr Huang); University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (Dr Brosseau); Center for Construction Research and Training, Silver Spring, Maryland (Dr Goldenhar); University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (Dr Linnan); Center for Health, Work & Environment, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Colorado (Dr Newman); Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon (Dr Olson); University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts (Dr Punnett); Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Dr Pronk, Dr Sorensen)
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Thompson J, Schwatka NV, Tenney L, Newman LS. Total Worker Health: A Small Business Leader Perspective. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:E2416. [PMID: 30384455 PMCID: PMC6265998 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15112416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Total Worker Health® (TWH) frameworks call for attention to organizational leadership in the implementation and effectiveness of TWH approaches. It is especially important to study this within in the small business environment where employees face significant health, safety, and well-being concerns and employers face barriers to addressing these concerns. The purpose of this study was to gain a better understanding of how small business leaders perceive employee health, safety, and well-being in the context of their own actions. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 18 small business senior leaders and used a qualitative coding approach to analyze the transcripts to determine the frequency with which leaders discussed each code. When we asked leaders about their leadership practices for health, safety, and well-being, leaders reflected upon their business (65%), themselves (28%), and their employees (7%). Leaders rarely discussed the ways in which they integrate health, safety, and well-being. The interviews demonstrate that small business leaders care about the health of their employees, but because of the perceived value to their business, not to employees or themselves. Thus, they may lack the knowledge and skills to be successful TWH leaders. The present study supports a need for continued small business TWH leadership research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janalee Thompson
- Center for Health, Work & Environment, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 E. 17th Pl., 3rd Floor, Mail Stop B119 HSC, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Natalie V Schwatka
- Center for Health, Work & Environment, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 E. 17th Pl., 3rd Floor, Mail Stop B119 HSC, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 E. 17th Pl., 3rd Floor, Mail Stop B119 HSC, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Liliana Tenney
- Center for Health, Work & Environment, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 E. 17th Pl., 3rd Floor, Mail Stop B119 HSC, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 E. 17th Pl., 3rd Floor, Mail Stop B119 HSC, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Lee S Newman
- Center for Health, Work & Environment, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 E. 17th Pl., 3rd Floor, Mail Stop B119 HSC, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 E. 17th Pl., 3rd Floor, Mail Stop B119 HSC, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 E. 17th Pl., 3rd Floor, Mail Stop B119 HSC, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
- Division of Pulmonary Science and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 E 17th Pl., Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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Peters SE, Grant MP, Rodgers J, Manjourides J, Okechukwu CA, Dennerlein JT. A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial of a Total Worker Health ® Intervention on Commercial Construction Sites. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15112354. [PMID: 30366387 PMCID: PMC6265748 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15112354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the efficacy of an integrated Total Worker Health® program, “All the Right Moves”, designed to target the conditions of work and workers’ health behaviors through an ergonomics program combined with a worksite-based health promotion Health Week intervention. A matched-pair cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted on ten worksites (five intervention (n = 324); five control sites (n = 283)). Worker surveys were collected at all sites pre- and post- exposure at one- and six-months. Linear and logistic regression models evaluated the effect of the intervention on pain and injury, dietary and physical activity behaviors, smoking, ergonomic practices, and work limitations. Worker focus groups and manager interviews supplemented the evaluation. After controlling for matched intervention and control pairs as well as covariates, at one-month following the ergonomics program we observed a significant improvement in ergonomic practices (B = 0.20, p = 0.002), and a reduction in incidences of pain and injury (OR = 0.58, p = 0.012) in the intervention group. At six months, we observed differences in favor of the intervention group for a reduction in physically demanding work (B = −0.25, p = 0.008), increased recreational physical activity (B = 35.2, p = 0.026) and higher consumption of fruits and vegetables (B = 0.87, p = 0.008). Process evaluation revealed barriers to intervention implementation fidelity and uptake, including a fissured multiemployer worksite, the itinerant nature of workers, competing production pressures, management support, and inclement weather. The All the Right Moves program had a positive impact at the individual level on the worksites with the program. For the longer term, the multi-organizational structure in the construction work environment needs to be considered to facilitate more upstream, long-term changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan E Peters
- Harvard Center for Work, Health and Wellbeing, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Michael P Grant
- Harvard Center for Work, Health and Wellbeing, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Justin Rodgers
- Department of Health Sciences, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Justin Manjourides
- Department of Health Sciences, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Cassandra A Okechukwu
- Harvard Center for Work, Health and Wellbeing, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Jack T Dennerlein
- Harvard Center for Work, Health and Wellbeing, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
- Department of Physical Therapy, Movement and Rehabilitation Science, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Sabbath EL, Williams JA, Boden LI, Tempesti T, Wagner GR, Hopcia K, Hashimoto D, Sorensen G. Mental Health Expenditures: Association With Workplace Incivility and Bullying Among Hospital Patient Care Workers. J Occup Environ Med 2018; 60:737-742. [PMID: 29538275 PMCID: PMC6086762 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000001322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Bullied workers have poor self-reported mental health; monetary costs of bullying exposure are unknown. We tested associations between bullying and health plan claims for mental health diagnoses. METHODS We used data from 793 hospital workers who answered questions about bullying in a survey and subscribed to the group health plan. We used two-part models to test associations between types of incivility/bullying and mental health expenditures. RESULTS Workers experiencing incivility or bullying had greater odds of any mental health claims. Among claimants, unexposed workers spent $792, those experiencing one type of incivility or bullying spent $1557 (P for difference from unexposed = 0.016), those experiencing two types spent $928 (P = 0.503), and those experiencing three types spent $1446 (P = 0.040). CONCLUSION Workplace incivility and bullying may carry monetary costs to employers, which could be controlled through work environment modification.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Dean Hashimoto
- Partners HealthCare System, Inc., Boston College Law School
| | - Glorian Sorensen
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Center for Community-based Research, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health
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Guimarães LAM, Massuda J, Demarch RB, Ogata AJN, de Oliveira FF, Pina-Oliveira AA. Cross-cultural adaptation of Dimensions of Corporate Safety Scorecard to the Brazilian Portuguese language. Rev Bras Med Trab 2018; 16:204-217. [PMID: 32270084 DOI: 10.5327/z1679443520180232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A broad-scoped approach to the assessment, documentation and application of health inputs at the workplace is needed to perform effective interventions, reduce occupational hazards and promote workers' health and safety. Effective efforts might thus be organized into programs and initiatives to preserve and improve the health and safety of workers. OBJECTIVE To perform the translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the Dimensions of Corporate Safety Scorecard for use in Brazil to broaden the scope of means to approach and measure the effectiveness of workplace safety actions. METHODS The translation and cultural adaptation of the Dimensions of Corporate Safety Scorecard followed recommendations applied in similar studies which establish six steps: foreword translation, reconciliation, back translation, review by internal committee, cultural evaluation of the translation by an external expert panel (pretest) and final review. RESULTS Adoption of the described procedure enabled a detailed analysis of possible options in case of divergences in statements between versions. Thus the quality of the results was ensured and the semantic qualities of the original version were preserved in the translation. CONCLUSIONS The Brazilian Portuguese version of Dimensions of Corporate Safety Scorecard, entitled "Questionário sobre Dimensões da Segurança Corporativa," obtained in the present study represents the first step in the use of this instrument for measurement of the effectiveness of health, safety and well-being actions in different work environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - João Massuda
- Graduate Program in Psychology, Dom Bosco Catholic University (Universidade Católica Dom Bosco - UCDB) - Campo Grande (MS), Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Bornhausen Demarch
- Health and Innovation Board, Mantris Corporate Health Management - São Paulo (SP), Brazil.,Health at Work Promotion Technical Committee, National Association of Occupational Medicine (Associação Nacional de Medicina do Trabalho - ANAMT) - São Paulo (SP), Brazil.,Preventive Medicine Technical Committee, Brazilian Association of Preventive Medicine and Health Management (Associação Brasileira de Medicina Preventiva e Administração em Saúde - ABRAMPAS) - São Paulo (SP), Brazil
| | - Alberto José Niituma Ogata
- Health at Work Promotion Technical Committee, National Association of Occupational Medicine (Associação Nacional de Medicina do Trabalho - ANAMT) - São Paulo (SP), Brazil
| | - Fernando Faleiros de Oliveira
- Graduate Program in Psychology, Dom Bosco Catholic University (Universidade Católica Dom Bosco - UCDB) - Campo Grande (MS), Brazil
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Sabbath EL, Sparer EH, Boden LI, Wagner GR, Hashimoto DM, Hopcia K, Sorensen G. Preventive care utilization: Association with individual- and workgroup-level policy and practice perceptions. Prev Med 2018; 111:235-240. [PMID: 29567439 PMCID: PMC6028933 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2018.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Preventive medical care may reduce downstream medical costs and reduce population burden of disease. However, although social, demographic, and geographic determinants of preventive care have been studied, there is little information about how the workplace affects preventive care utilization. This study examines how four types of organizational policies and practices (OPPs) are associated with individual workers' preventive care utilization. We used data collected in 2012 from 838 hospital patient care workers, grouped in 84 patient care units at two hospitals in Boston. Via survey, we assessed individuals' perceptions of four types of OPPs on their work units. We linked the survey data to a database containing detailed information on medical expenditures. Using multilevel models, we tested whether individual-level perceptions, workgroup-average perceptions, and their combination were associated with individual workers' preventive care utilization (measured by number of preventive care encounters over a two-year period). Adjusting for worker characteristics, higher individual-level perceptions of workplace flexibility were associated with greater preventive care utilization. Higher average unit-level perceptions of people-oriented culture, ergonomic practices, and flexibility were associated with greater preventive care utilization. Overall, we find that workplace policies and practices supporting flexibility, ergonomics, and people-oriented culture are associated with positive preventive care-seeking behavior among workers, with some policies and practices operating at the individual level and some at the group level. Improving the work environment could impact employers' health-related expenditures and improve workers' health-related quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika L Sabbath
- Boston College, School of Social Work, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States.
| | - Emily H Sparer
- Center for Community-based Research, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Leslie I Boden
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Gregory R Wagner
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Dean M Hashimoto
- Workplace Health and Wellbeing, Partners HealthCare System, Boston, MA, United States; Boston College Law School, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States
| | - Karen Hopcia
- Workplace Health and Wellbeing, Partners HealthCare System, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Glorian Sorensen
- Center for Community-based Research, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
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Sparer EH, Boden LI, Sorensen G, Dennerlein JT, Stoddard A, Wagner GR, Nagler EM, Hashimoto DM, Hopcia K, Sabbath EL. The relationship between organizational policies and practices and work limitations among hospital patient care workers. Am J Ind Med 2018; 61:10.1002/ajim.22864. [PMID: 29845635 PMCID: PMC6265111 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.22864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined relationships between organizational policies and practices (OPPs) (safety practices, ergonomic practices, and people-oriented culture) and work limitations in a sample of hospital workers. METHODS We used the 6-item Work Limitations Questionnaire (WLQ) to assess workers' perceptions of health-related work limitations. Self-reported OPPs and the WLQ were collected from workers in Boston, Massachusetts (n = 1277). We conducted random-intercept multi-level logistic regression models for each OPP using stepwise selection of covariates. RESULTS As the unit-average ergonomic practice score increased by one, the odds of a worker reporting work limitations decreased by approximately 39% (P-value = 0.018), adjusted for job title, age, and body mass index. A similar relationship existed for people-oriented culture (P-value = 0.038). The association between safety practices and work limitations was similar, but not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated the importance of workplace OPPs. OPPs that promote positive and supportive environments and that foster improvements in ergonomics may help reduce work limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily H. Sparer
- Center for Community-based Research, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Leslie I. Boden
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Glorian Sorensen
- Center for Community-based Research, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | | | - Anne Stoddard
- Center for Community-based Research, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Gregory R. Wagner
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Eve M. Nagler
- Center for Community-based Research, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Dean M. Hashimoto
- Workplace Health and Wellbeing, Partners HealthCare System, Boston, MA
- Boston College Law School, Chestnut Hill, MA
| | - Karen Hopcia
- Workplace Health and Wellbeing, Partners HealthCare System, Boston, MA
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Sorensen G, Sparer E, Williams JAR, Gundersen D, Boden LI, Dennerlein JT, Hashimoto D, Katz JN, McLellan DL, Okechukwu CA, Pronk NP, Revette A, Wagner GR. Measuring Best Practices for Workplace Safety, Health, and Well-Being: The Workplace Integrated Safety and Health Assessment. J Occup Environ Med 2018; 60:430-439. [PMID: 29389812 PMCID: PMC5943154 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000001286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To present a measure of effective workplace organizational policies, programs, and practices that focuses on working conditions and organizational facilitators of worker safety, health and well-being: the workplace integrated safety and health (WISH) assessment. METHODS Development of this assessment used an iterative process involving a modified Delphi method, extensive literature reviews, and systematic cognitive testing. RESULTS The assessment measures six core constructs identified as central to best practices for protecting and promoting worker safety, health and well-being: leadership commitment; participation; policies, programs, and practices that foster supportive working conditions; comprehensive and collaborative strategies; adherence to federal and state regulations and ethical norms; and data-driven change. CONCLUSIONS The WISH Assessment holds promise as a tool that may inform organizational priority setting and guide research around causal pathways influencing implementation and outcomes related to these approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glorian Sorensen
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (Dr Sorensen, Dr Sparer, Dr Williams, Dr Gundersen, Dr McLellan, Dr Revette); Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (Dr Sorensen, Dr Sparer, Dr Williams, Dr Dennerlein, Dr McLellan, Dr Okechukwu, Dr Pronk, Dr Wagner); University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, Kansas (Dr Williams); Boston University School of Public Health (Dr Boden); Northeastern University (Dr Dennerlein); Partners HealthCare, Inc. (Dr Hashimoto); Boston College Law School, Newton Centre (Dr Hashimoto); Brigham and Women's Hospital (Dr Katz), Boston, Massachusetts; HealthPartners Institute, Minneapolis, Minnesota (Dr Pronk)
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89
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Roquelaure Y, Fouquet N, Chazelle E, Descatha A, Evanoff B, Bodin J, Petit A. Theoretical impact of simulated workplace-based primary prevention of carpal tunnel syndrome in a French region. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:426. [PMID: 29606118 PMCID: PMC5879836 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5328-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common nerve entrapment neuropathy in the working-age population. The reduction of CTS incidence in the workforce is a priority for policy makers due to the human, social and economic costs. To assess the theoretical impact of workplace-based primary interventions designed to reduce exposure to personal and/or work-related risk factors for CTS. METHODS Surgical CTS were assessed using regional hospital discharge records for persons aged 20-59 in 2009. Using work-related attributable fractions (AFEs), we estimated the number of work-related CTS (WR-CTS) in high-risk jobs. We simulated three theoretical scenarios of workplace-based primary prevention for jobs at risk: a mono-component work-centered intervention reducing the incidence of WR-CTS arbitrarily by 10% (10%-WI), and multicomponent global interventions reducing the incidence of all surgical CTS by 5% and 10% by targeting personal and work risk factors. RESULTS A limited proportion of CTS were work-related in the region's population. WR-CTS were concentrated in nine jobs at high risk of CTS, amounting to 1603 [1137-2212] CTS, of which 906 [450-1522] were WR-CTS. The 10%-WI, 5%-GI and 10%-GI hypothetically prevented 90 [46-153], 81 [58-111] and 159 [114-223] CTS, respectively. The 10%-GI had the greatest impact regardless of the job. The impact of the 10%-WI interventions was high only in jobs at highest risk and AFEs (e.g. food industry jobs). The 10%-WI and 5%-GI had a similar impact for moderate-risk jobs (e.g. healthcare jobs). CONCLUSION The impact of simulated workplace-based interventions suggests that prevention efforts to reduce exposure to work-related risk factors should focus on high-risk jobs. Reducing CTS rates will also require integrated strategies to reduce personal risk factors, particularly in jobs with low levels of work-related risk of CTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Roquelaure
- Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail), UMR_S 1085, University of Angers, CHU Angers, University of Rennes, Inserm, Ehesp, F-49000, Angers, France.
| | - Natacha Fouquet
- Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail), UMR_S 1085, University of Angers, CHU Angers, University of Rennes, Inserm, Ehesp, F-49000, Angers, France.,Santé publique France, Equipe associée en Epidémiologie et Prévention des TMS (EpiPrevTMS), F-94415, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Emilie Chazelle
- Santé publique France, Equipe associée en Epidémiologie et Prévention des TMS (EpiPrevTMS), F-94415, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Alexis Descatha
- INSERM UMS 011, Population Based Epidemiological Cohorts Unit and University Versailles St-Quentin, F-78035, Versailles, France
| | - Bradley Evanoff
- Division of General Medical Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63310, USA
| | - Julie Bodin
- Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail), UMR_S 1085, University of Angers, CHU Angers, University of Rennes, Inserm, Ehesp, F-49000, Angers, France
| | - Audrey Petit
- Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail), UMR_S 1085, University of Angers, CHU Angers, University of Rennes, Inserm, Ehesp, F-49000, Angers, France
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90
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Schwatka NV, Tenney L, Dally MJ, Scott J, Brown CE, Weitzenkamp D, Shore E, Newman LS. Small business Total Worker Health: A conceptual and methodological approach to facilitating organizational change. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 2:25-41. [PMID: 30740514 DOI: 10.1007/s41542-018-0013-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Nearly half of Americans are employed by small businesses, and future projections suggest that the number of those employed by small businesses will rise. Despite this, there is relatively little small business intervention research on the integration of health protection and health promotion, known as Total Worker Health® (TWH). We first discuss the importance of studying small businesses in TWH research and practice. Second, we describe an example of a small business TWH intervention, Health Links™ plus TWH owner/senior manager leadership training, that we are evaluating via the Small+Safe+Well (SSWell) study. Key features of the intervention and the SSWell study include attention to multi-level influences on worker health, safety and well-being; organizational change; and dissemination and implementation science strategies via the RE-AIM model. We offer several considerations for future small business TWH research and practice both in terms of the small business context as well as intervention development and evaluation. Our goal is to provide TWH researchers and practitioners with a framework and an example of how to approach small business TWH interventions. Ultimately, through the SSWell study, we aim to provide small businesses with strong evidence to support the use of TWH strategies that are practical, effective and sustainable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie V Schwatka
- 13001 E. 17 Pl., 3 Floor, Mail Stop B119 HSC, Aurora, CO 80045.,Corresponding author. , 303-724-4607
| | - Liliana Tenney
- 13001 E. 17 Pl., 3 Floor, Mail Stop B119 HSC, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Miranda J Dally
- 13001 E. 17 Pl., 3 Floor, Mail Stop B119 HSC, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Joshua Scott
- 13001 E. 17 Pl., 3 Floor, Mail Stop B119 HSC, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Carol E Brown
- 13001 E. 17 Pl., 3 Floor, Mail Stop B119 HSC, Aurora, CO 80045
| | | | - Erin Shore
- 13001 E. 17 Pl., 3 Floor, Mail Stop B119 HSC, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Lee S Newman
- 13001 E. 17 Pl., 3 Floor, Mail Stop B119 HSC, Aurora, CO 80045
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91
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Dennerlein JT. Chronic low back pain: a successful intervention for desk-bound workers. Occup Environ Med 2018; 75:319-320. [PMID: 29507051 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2017-104981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jack T Dennerlein
- Department of Physical Therapy, Movement and Rehabilitation Sciences, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Center for Work, Health and Wellbeing, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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92
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Abstract
Work participation is increasingly seen as a primary outcome of rehabilitation measures. Randomised controlled trials from several different countries and the reviews and meta-analyses based on them show that multidisciplinary rehabilitation programmes improve work participation, return-to-work rates, and reduce sickness absence in patients with back pain, depression, and cancer. In Germany, such programmes were implemented as work-related medical rehabilitation. This intervention targets patients with poor work ability and an increased risk of permanent work disability. Randomised controlled trials have confirmed a reduction of sickness absence and increased rates of sustainable work participation in favour of work-related medical rehabilitation as compared to common medical rehabilitation. Dissemination of these programmes and translation of research evidence into practice progresses. An additional important strategy to support returning to work following rehabilitation is graded return to work. There is emerging evidence of sustainable employment effects in favour of graded return to work. A direct involvement of the workplace and a closer cooperation with employers and occupational health physicians may further improve the outcomes of rehabilitation programmes. Strategies that synergistically integrate safety, health promotion and rehabilitation may achieve more favourable outcomes than separated actions.
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93
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Sorensen G, Nagler EM, Pawar P, Gupta PC, Pednekar MS, Wagner GR. Lost in translation: The challenge of adapting integrated approaches for worker health and safety for low- and middle-income countries. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182607. [PMID: 28837688 PMCID: PMC5570315 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe the process of adapting an intervention integrating occupational safety and health (OSH) and health promotion for manufacturing worksites in India and the challenges faced in implementing it; and explore how globalization trends may influence the implementation of these integrated approaches in India and other low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). METHODS This study-conducted in 22 manufacturing worksites in Mumbai, India-adapted and implemented an evidence-based intervention tested in the U.S. that integrated OSH and tobacco control. The systematic adaptation process included formative research and pilot testing, to ensure that the tested intervention was tailored to the local setting. We used qualitative methods and process evaluation to assess the extent to which this intervention was implemented, and to explore barriers to implementation. RESULTS While participating worksites agreed to implement this intervention, not all components of the adapted intervention were implemented fully in the 10 worksites assigned to the intervention condition. We found that the OSH infrastructure in India focused predominantly on regulatory compliance, medical screening (secondary prevention) and the treatment of injuries. We observed generally low levels of leadership support and commitment to OSH, evidenced by minimal management participation in the intervention, reluctance to discuss OSH issues with the study team or workers, and little receptivity to recommendations resulting from the industrial hygienist's reports. CONCLUSION India presents one example of a LMIC with a rising burden of non-communicable diseases and intensified exposures to both physical and organizational hazards on the job. Our experiences highlight the importance of national and global trends that shape workers' experiences on the job and their related health outcomes. Beyond a singular focus on prevention of non-communicable diseases, coordinated national and international efforts are needed to address worker health outcomes in the context of the conditions of work that clearly shape them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glorian Sorensen
- Center for Community-Based Research, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Eve M. Nagler
- Center for Community-Based Research, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Pratibha Pawar
- Healis, Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Prakash C. Gupta
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Healis, Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Mangesh S. Pednekar
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Healis, Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Gregory R. Wagner
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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94
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Linnan L, Arandia G, Bateman LA, Vaughn A, Smith N, Ward D. The Health and Working Conditions of Women Employed in Child Care. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14030283. [PMID: 28282940 PMCID: PMC5369119 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14030283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Over one million women are employed in child care and are among the lowest wage workers in the US. The health and working conditions of 674 child care workers (118 administrators and 556 staff) from 74 centers is described using baseline data from a larger intervention trial. Participants were 39.9 (±13.0) years old; 55.4% African American, 37.1% Caucasian, and 5.3% of Hispanic ethnicity. Seventy-six percent reported having an Associate’s degree or less; 42% were classified as at or below poverty (<$20,000); and exhibited many health risks such as excess weight, insufficient activity, poor diet, and inadequate sleep. We investigated potential differences by income and job category. Lower income participants were significantly more likely to be current smokers (19.9% vs. 11.7%), drink more sweetened beverages (1.9 vs. 1.5), and report higher depressive symptoms (15.5 vs. 12.6). Administrators worked more hours weekly compared to staff (46.4 vs. 40.6), are less active (100 vs. 126 min/week), more sedentary (501 vs. 477 min/day), and reported higher job demands (13.3 vs. 12.5). Given the numerous health issues and challenging work conditions, we hope our results serve as a call to action for addressing low wages and the work environment as a means of influencing the health and well-being of child care workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Linnan
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Gabriela Arandia
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Lori A Bateman
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Amber Vaughn
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Natalie Smith
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Dianne Ward
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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95
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Dennerlein JT, O'Day ET, Mulloy DF, Somerville J, Stoddard AM, Kenwood C, Teeple E, Boden LI, Sorensen G, Hashimoto D. Lifting and exertion injuries decrease after implementation of an integrated hospital-wide safe patient handling and mobilisation programme. Occup Environ Med 2016; 74:336-343. [PMID: 27919058 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2015-103507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE With increasing emphasis on early and frequent mobilisation of patients in acute care, safe patient handling and mobilisation practices need to be integrated into these quality initiatives. We completed a programme evaluation of a safe patient handling and mobilisation programme within the context of a hospital-wide patient care improvement initiative that utilised a systems approach and integrated safe patient equipment and practices into patient care plans. METHODS Baseline and 12-month follow-up surveys of 1832 direct patient care workers assessed work practices and self-reported pain while an integrated employee payroll and injury database provided recordable injury rates collected concurrently at 2 hospitals: the study hospital with the programme and a comparison hospital. RESULTS Safe and unsafe patient handling practice scales at the study hospital improved significantly (p<0.0001 and p=0.0031, respectively), with no differences observed at the comparison hospital. We observed significant decreases in recordable neck and shoulder (Relative Risk (RR)=0.68, 95% CI 0.46 to 1.00), lifting and exertion (RR=0.73, 95% CI 0.60 to 0.89) and pain and inflammation (RR=0.78, 95% CI 0.62 to 1.00) injury rates at the study hospital. Changes in rates at the comparison hospital were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Within the context of a patient mobilisation initiative, a safe patient handling and mobilisation programme was associated with improved work practices and a reduction in recordable worker injuries. This study demonstrates the potential impact of utilising a systems approach based on recommended best practices, including integration of these practices into the patient's plan for care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack T Dennerlein
- Department of Physical Therapy, Movement, and Rehabilitation Sciences, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Environmental Health and The Center for Work, Health, and Wellbeing, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Elizabeth Tucker O'Day
- Department of Occupational Health Services, Partners HealthCare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Deborah F Mulloy
- Center for Nursing Excellence, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jackie Somerville
- Patient Care Services Center for Nursing Excellence, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anne M Stoddard
- Center of Community Based Research, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Erin Teeple
- Department of Environmental Health and The Center for Work, Health, and Wellbeing, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Leslie I Boden
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Glorian Sorensen
- Center of Community Based Research, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences Health and The Center for Work, Health, and Wellbeing, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dean Hashimoto
- Department of Occupational Health Services, Partners HealthCare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Boston College Law School, Newton Centre, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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96
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Sorensen G, Nagler EM, Hashimoto D, Dennerlein JT, Theron J, Stoddard AM, Buxton OM, Wallace L, Kenwood C, Nelson CC, Tamers SL, Grant MP, Wagner G. Implementing an Integrated Health Protection/Health Promotion Intervention in the Hospital Setting: Lessons Learned From the Be Well, Work Well Study. J Occup Environ Med 2016; 58:185-94. [PMID: 26849263 PMCID: PMC4746007 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000000592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study reports findings from a proof-of-concept trial designed to examine the feasibility and estimates the efficacy of the "Be Well, Work Well" workplace intervention. METHODS The intervention included consultation for nurse managers to implement changes on patient-care units and educational programming for patient-care staff to facilitate improvements in safety and health behaviors. We used a mixed-methods approach to evaluate feasibility and efficacy. RESULTS Using findings from process tracking and qualitative research, we observed challenges to implementing the intervention due to the physical demands, time constraints, and psychological strains of patient care. Using survey data, we found no significant intervention effects. CONCLUSIONS Beyond educating individual workers, systemwide initiatives that respond to conditions of work might be needed to transform the workplace culture and broader milieu in support of worker health and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glorian Sorensen
- Center for Community-Based Research, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Eve M. Nagler
- Center for Community-Based Research, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Dean Hashimoto
- Partners HealthCare System, Boston, MA
- Boston College Law School, Newton Centre, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jack T. Dennerlein
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA
| | - Julie Theron
- Center for Community-Based Research, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | | | - Orfeu M. Buxton
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Lorraine Wallace
- Center for Community-Based Research, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | | | | | - Sara L. Tamers
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Washington DC*
| | | | - Gregory Wagner
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Washington DC*
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Williams JAR, Nelson CC, Cabán-Martinez AJ, Katz JN, Wagner GR, Pronk NP, Sorensen G, McLellan DL. Validation of a New Metric for Assessing the Integration of Health Protection and Health Promotion in a Sample of Small- and Medium-Sized Employer Groups. J Occup Environ Med 2015; 57:1017-21. [PMID: 26340291 PMCID: PMC5189678 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000000521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To conduct validation analyses for a new measure of the integration of worksite health protection and health promotion approaches developed in earlier research. METHODS A survey of small- to medium-sized employers located in the United States was conducted between October 2013 and March 2014 (n = 111). Cronbach α coefficient was used to assess reliability, and Pearson correlation coefficients were used to assess convergent validity. RESULTS The integration score was positively associated with the measures of occupational safety and health and health promotion activities/policies-supporting its convergent validity (Pearson correlation coefficients of 0.32 to 0.47). Cronbach α coefficient was 0.94, indicating excellent reliability. CONCLUSIONS The integration score seems to be a promising tool for assessing integration of health promotion and health protection. Further work is needed to test its dimensionality and validate its use in other samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A R Williams
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (Drs Williams, Nelson, Sorensen, and McLellen); Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health (Drs Williams, Nelson, Cabán-Martinez, Katz, Wagner, Pronk, Sorensen, and McLellan), Boston, Mass; University of Miami Medical School (Dr Cabán-Martinez), Fla; HealthPartners, Inc (Dr Pronk), Minneapolis, Minn; Brigham and Women's Hospital (Dr Katz), Boston, Mass; and National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (Dr. Wagner), Washington, DC
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