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Operationalization of Concepts of Health and Disability. INTERNATIONAL HANDBOOK OF HEALTH EXPECTANCIES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-37668-0_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Finkel D, Franz CE, Christensen K, Reynolds CA, Pedersen NL. Longitudinal Twin Study of Subjective Health: Differences in Genetic and Environmental Components of Variance Across Age and Sex. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2020; 75:1-10. [PMID: 29590493 PMCID: PMC6909438 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gby030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current analysis examines sex differences in longitudinal changes in genetic and environmental influences on three measures of subjective health (SH). METHOD Sample includes 7,372 twins (mean intake age = 73.22) with up to 8 waves of measurement (mean = 3.1). Three SH items were included: general self-rated health (SRH), health compared to age peers (COMP), and impact of health on activities (ACT) which previous research shows capture different frames of reference. RESULTS Latent growth curve modeling indicated significant differences across gender and frame of reference in trajectories of change with age and in genetic and environmental contributions to change. Men have higher mean scores on all three SH measures, indicating better SH, but there were no sex differences in pattern of change with age. Accelerating declines with age were found for SRH and ACT, whereas COMP improved with age. Results indicated more genetic variance for women than men, but declining genetic variance for both after age 70. Increasing shared environmental variance with increasing age was also found for both sexes. DISCUSSION As aging triggers a re-evaluation of the meaning of "good health," physical aspects of health may become less important and shared cultural conceptions of health may become more relevant. This change in conceptions of good health may reflect both aging and the change in composition of the elderly population as a result of selective survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Finkel
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University Southeast, New Albany
- Institute for Gerontology, Jönköping University, Sweden
- Address correspondence to: Deborah Finkel, PhD, Department of Psychology, Indiana University Southeast, New Albany, Crestview Hall 019, 4201 Grant Line Road, New Albany, IN 47150. E-mail:
| | - Carol E Franz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego
| | | | | | - Nancy L Pedersen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
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Hanson CR, St John PD, Tate RB. Self-Rated Health Predicts Mortality in Very Old Men-the Manitoba Follow-Up Study. Can Geriatr J 2019; 22:199-204. [PMID: 31885760 PMCID: PMC6887141 DOI: 10.5770/cgj.22.391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Self-rated health (SRH) predicts death, but there are few studies over long-time horizons that are able to explore the effect age may have on the relationship between SRH and mortality. Objectives 1. To determine how SRH evolves over 20 years; and 2. To determine if SRH predicts death in very old men. Methods We analyzed a prospective cohort study of men who were fit for air crew training in the Second World War. In 1996, a regular questionnaire was administered to the 1,779 surviving participants. SRH was elicited with a 5-point Likert Scale with the categories: excellent, very good, good, fair and poor/bad. We examined the age-specific distribution of SRH in these categories from the age of 75 to 95 years, to the end of the follow-up period in 2018. We constructed age-specific Cox proportional hazard models with an outcome of time to death. Results SRH declined with age. The gradient in risk of death persisted across all ages; those with poor/fair/bad SRH had consistently higher mortality rates. However, the discrimination between good and excellent was less in those aged 85+. Conclusions SRH declines with advancing age, but continues to predict death in older men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian R Hanson
- Section of Geriatric Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB
| | - Philip D St John
- Section of Geriatric Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB.,Centre on Aging, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB
| | - Robert B Tate
- Centre on Aging, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB.,Department of Community Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB
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Levola J, Eskelinen S, Pitkänen T. Associations between self-rated health, quality of life and symptoms of depression among Finnish inpatients with alcohol and substance use disorders. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/14659891.2019.1664667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonna Levola
- HUS Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Saana Eskelinen
- HUS Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Araújo ÉDF, Viana RT, Teixeira-Salmela LF, Lima LAO, Faria CDCDM. Self-rated health after stroke: a systematic review of the literature. BMC Neurol 2019; 19:221. [PMID: 31493791 PMCID: PMC6731602 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-019-1448-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Self-rated health (SRH) allows for comparison and identification of the health status of various populations. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the literature to expand the understanding of SRH after stroke. Methods This systematic review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42017056194) and conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. Studies published until December 2018 that evaluated the SRH of adults with stroke were included. Results Of the 2132 identified studies, 51 were included. Only four studies had experimental designs (7.8%). In 60.7% of the studies, SRH was assessed by variations on direct questions (i.e., general and comparative SRH). Analog visual scales and quality of life instruments were also used to evaluate SRH, but there is no consensus regarding whether they are appropriate for this purpose. The results of cross-sectional and longitudinal studies revealed significant associations between poor SRH and stroke as well as between SRH, function, and disability. The power of SRH to predict stroke mortality is still uncertain. Two interventions (a home-based psychoeducational program concerning stroke health care and family involvement in functional rehabilitation) effectively improved SRH. Conclusions Direct questions are the most common method of evaluating SRH after stroke. Studies reported significant associations between the SRH of individuals with stroke and several relevant health outcomes. However, few experimental studies have evaluated SRH after stroke. Interventions involving health education and family involvement had a significant impact on SRH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Érika de Freitas Araújo
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences of the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ramon Távora Viana
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences of the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.,Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Luci Fuscaldi Teixeira-Salmela
- Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, (UFMG), Av. Antonio Carlos, 6627, Campus Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, ZIP code 31270-901, Brazil
| | | | - Christina Danielli Coelho de Morais Faria
- Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, (UFMG), Av. Antonio Carlos, 6627, Campus Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, ZIP code 31270-901, Brazil.
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Einiö E, Goisis A, Myrskylä M. Is the relationship between men's age at first birth and midlife health changing? Evidence from two British cohorts. SSM Popul Health 2019; 8:100458. [PMID: 31388553 PMCID: PMC6676239 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2019.100458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Becoming a father, particularly for the first time, is a central transition in men's lives, and whether this transition takes place early or later in life may have important ramifications on the whole later life course. Previous research has shown that men who father their first child early in life have poorer later-life health than men who postpone having children. However, it is not known how selection by cognitive ability and other childhood characteristics confound the association between the timing of fatherhood and later-life health, or how the association is changing over time as parenthood is postponed to an older age. We investigate the association between men's age at the birth of their first child and midlife self-rated health in two British cohorts born in 1958 and 1970. The study employs logit models. Relative to men who had their first child when they were between 25 and 29 years old, men who had their first child before the age of 20 have the poorest health, followed by men who had a child when they were 20–24 years old. This result was observed in both cohorts. Childhood cognitive ability, which previous research has not analyzed, strongly contributed to this association, and to a greater extent than other childhood characteristics. For the 1970 cohort, those who became fathers at age 35 or older had the best health. This advantage was not found for the 1958 cohort. These findings suggest that the relationship between young age at fatherhood and midlife health is strongly confounded by cognitive ability, and that in recent cohorts a new pattern of advantage among older fathers has emerged. Early fatherhood shows associations with poorer self-rated health in midlife. Childhood cognitive ability strongly confounds this association. First-time fathers aged 35 years or older have the best health in the 1970 cohort. A similar health advantage in older fathers is not found in the 1958 cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Einiö
- Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 18, 00014, Finland.,Department of Social Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, Old Building, Houghton St, London, WC2A 2AE, United Kingdom.,Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Konrad-Zuse-Straße 1, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Alice Goisis
- Department of Social Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, Old Building, Houghton St, London, WC2A 2AE, United Kingdom.,Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Konrad-Zuse-Straße 1, 18057, Rostock, Germany.,Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Department of Social Science, University College London, 55-59, Gordon Square, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mikko Myrskylä
- Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 18, 00014, Finland.,Department of Social Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, Old Building, Houghton St, London, WC2A 2AE, United Kingdom.,Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Konrad-Zuse-Straße 1, 18057, Rostock, Germany
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De Iorio ML, Rapport LJ, Wong CG, Stach BA. Characteristics of Adults With Unrecognized Hearing Loss. Am J Audiol 2019; 28:384-390. [PMID: 31084579 DOI: 10.1044/2019_aja-18-0152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Early detection of hearing loss is important for providing support and intervention for adults with age-related hearing loss. However, many older adults have hearing loss that is unidentified. Because they do not present the problem at health care settings, there is a dearth of research on people with unrecognized hearing loss (URHL). This study elucidates differences between older adults with normal hearing, adults with recognized hearing loss (RHL), and adults with URHL. Method Participants included 130 adults, ages 55-85 years. Of these, 39 had hearing in the normal range (HNR), 61 had RHL, and 30 reported HNR but failed a hearing screen (i.e., URHL). Participants completed the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS; Watson, Clark, & Tellegen, 1988 ) and a battery of neuropsychological tests. Results The URHL group reported more positive affectivity than the HNR and RHL groups on the PANAS. In addition, the URHL group was significantly older and more likely to be male compared to the HNR group. Importantly, age was not significantly correlated with PANAS. Positive affectivity accounted for unique variance in group membership even after accounting for age, gender, physical health, and cognitive health. Conclusions Older adults with URHL have more positive affectivity than older adults with HNR or RHL. This group may be prone to downplaying their difficulties; consequently, they may need to experience larger hearing deficits before seeking help. The findings highlight the need for research investigating the effectiveness of psychoeducation on the importance of formal hearing assessment verses relying on self-assessment in facilitating early and effective intervention among people with URHL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lisa J. Rapport
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | | | - Brad A. Stach
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI
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Longitudinal employment trajectories and health in middle life: Insights from linked administrative and survey data. DEMOGRAPHIC RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.4054/demres.2019.40.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Schomerus G, Muehlan H, Auer C, Horsfield P, Tomczyk S, Freitag S, Evans-Lacko S, Schmidt S, Stolzenburg S. Validity and psychometric properties of the Self-Identification as Having a Mental Illness Scale (SELF-I) among currently untreated persons with mental health problems. Psychiatry Res 2019; 273:303-308. [PMID: 30677718 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2019.01.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Conceptualizing own symptoms as potential signs of a mental illness is an important, yet under-researched step towards appropriate help. Few validated measures address recognition and identification of own mental illness. Aim of this study is to investigate performance and correlates of the 'Self-Identification as Having a Mental Illness' scale (SELF-I) in a group of 229 currently untreated individuals with mental health problems, predominantly depression. Measures included: self-identification with having a mental illness (SELF-I), depressive and somatic symptom severity (PHQ-9 and PHQ-15), illness perceptions (B-IPQ-R-C), and sociodemographic variables. Principal-component analysis revealed in a unidimensional factor structure. The SELF-I showed good reliability in terms of internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha, 0.85-0.87) and re-test reliability over three months (Intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.74). Associations with depressive symptoms, previous treatment experiences and self-labelling demonstrated construct and criterion validity. Low associations with somatic symptoms and with illness-perceptions as measured by the B-IPQ-R-C indicated discriminant validity. We did not observe any floor or ceiling effects. The SELF-I scale is a brief, unidimensional and reliable measure of self-identification as having a mental illness that offers useful research perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Schomerus
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Holger Muehlan
- Department of Health and Prevention, University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Charlotte Auer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Philip Horsfield
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Samuel Tomczyk
- Department of Health and Prevention, University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Simone Freitag
- Department of Health and Prevention, University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sara Evans-Lacko
- Personal Social Services Research Unit, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, United Kingdom
| | - Silke Schmidt
- Department of Health and Prevention, University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Susanne Stolzenburg
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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Rai R, Jongenelis M, Pettigrew S, Jackson B, Newton RU. Identifying modifiable factors associated with health optimism in older adults. Aging Ment Health 2019; 23:376-384. [PMID: 29271666 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2017.1416589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite the documented importance of health optimism for enhancing health outcomes, very little work has been done to examine who experiences health optimism and under what conditions. The present study sought to identify modifiable factors associated with health optimism that could constitute the focus of future intervention efforts designed to promote health optimism among older people. DESIGN Participants were 453 (44% males) community-based Western Australians aged 60+ years (M = 70.39 years, SD = 6.06). Participants completed questionnaires to assess sociodemographic characteristics and provided information relating to physical and psychological health status. RESULTS Almost a quarter of participants (24%; n = 108) were classified as health optimists. Results from a multivariate regression analysis found quality of life, psychological well-being, and age to be directly and positively associated with health optimism. A subsequent path analytic model found depression (negatively) and self-efficacy (positively) to be indirectly associated with health optimism via both psychological well-being and quality of life. CONCLUSION These findings extend the limited evidence on health optimism in older adults by identifying various modifiable factors that may constitute potential areas of focus for future interventions designed to enhance health outcomes via the fostering of health optimism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajni Rai
- a School of Psychology , Curtin University , Bentley , Australia
| | | | - Simone Pettigrew
- a School of Psychology , Curtin University , Bentley , Australia
| | - Ben Jackson
- b School of Human Sciences , The University of Western Australia , Perth , Australia
| | - Robert U Newton
- c School of Medical and Health Sciences , Edith Cowan University , Joondalup , Australia
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Wilson JJ, Blackburn NE, O'Reilly R, Kee F, Caserotti P, Tully MA. Association of objective sedentary behaviour and self-rated health in English older adults. BMC Res Notes 2019; 12:12. [PMID: 30635016 PMCID: PMC6330416 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-019-4050-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Reducing sedentary behaviour (SB) might improve the health of older adults. However, we know little about how objectively measured SB impacts on self-rated health in older adults. We aimed to explore the associations between objectively measured SB and self-rated health in English older adults. Results A random sub-sample of older adults (≥ 65 years old) from the 2008 Health Survey for England wore an ActiGraph GT1M accelerometer for 7 days. Self-rated health was measured using an item from the General Health Questionnaire. Linear regression and analysis of covariance were used to test the associations between percentage time spent in SB and mean daily minutes in SB and self-rated health (very good/good; fair; bad/very bad), adjusting for covariates. Valid accelerometry datasets were returned by 578 individuals. Significant negative associations between percentage time and mean daily minutes in SB and self-rated health were found. In particular, individuals spending reduced percentages of time being sedentary had higher self-rated health. In conclusion, SB appears to be associated with self-rated health in older people independently from MVPA. If longitudinal research could determine how changes in SB influence self-rated health as individuals’ age, this might be an important lifestyle variable to target for health improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason J Wilson
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK. .,UKCRC Centre of Excellence for Public Health, Belfast, UK.
| | - Nicole E Blackburn
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.,UKCRC Centre of Excellence for Public Health, Belfast, UK
| | - Rachel O'Reilly
- Active Belfast, Belfast Health Development Unit, Public Health Agency, Belfast, UK
| | - Frank Kee
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.,UKCRC Centre of Excellence for Public Health, Belfast, UK
| | - Paolo Caserotti
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Syddansk Universitet, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Mark A Tully
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.,UKCRC Centre of Excellence for Public Health, Belfast, UK.,Institute of Mental Health Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Ulster University, Newtownabbey, UK
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Cullati S, Mukhopadhyay S, Sieber S, Chakraborty A, Burton-Jeangros C. Is the single self-rated health item reliable in India? A construct validity study. BMJ Glob Health 2018; 3:e000856. [PMID: 30483411 PMCID: PMC6231101 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2018-000856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction In high-income countries, the self-rated health (SRH) item is used in health surveys to capture the population’s general health because of its simplicity and satisfactory validity and reliability. Despite scepticism about its use in low-income and middle-income countries, India implemented the SRH item in many of its demographic and population health surveys, but evidence of its validity is lacking. The objective was to assess the construct validity of the SRH item in India. Methods Data for 4492 men and 4736 women from the Indian sample of the World Health Survey (2003) were used. Overall, 43 health status indicators were grouped into health dimensions (physical, mental and functional health, chronic diseases, health behaviours) and the SRH item was regressed on these indicators by using sex-stratified multivariable linear regressions, adjusted with demographic and socioeconomic variables. Results Respondents (participation rate 95.6%; mean age 38.9 years) rated their health as very good (21.8%), good (36.4%), moderate (26.6%), bad (13.2%) or very bad (2.0%). Among men, the adjusted explained SRH variance by health dimensions ranged between 18% and 41% (physical 33%, mental 32%, functional health 41%, chronic diseases 23%, health behaviours 18%). In multivariable models, the overall explained variance increased to 45%. The 43 health status indicators were associated with SRH and their effect sizes were in the expected direction. Among women, results were similar (overall explained variance 48%). Conclusion The SRH item has satisfactory construct validity and may be used to monitor health status in demographic and population health surveys of India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Cullati
- Institute of Sociological Research, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of General Internal Medicine, Rehabilitation and Geriatrics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Swiss NCCR 'LIVES-Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspectives', University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Stefan Sieber
- Institute of Sociological Research, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Swiss NCCR 'LIVES-Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspectives', University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Claudine Burton-Jeangros
- Institute of Sociological Research, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Swiss NCCR 'LIVES-Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspectives', University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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The paradox of self-rated health following joint replacement surgery. Qual Life Res 2018; 28:503-508. [PMID: 30324584 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-018-2018-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Self-rated health is a commonly used patient-reported outcome, but its responsiveness to is not well documented. We examined the ability of self-rated health to capture health changes attributable to a highly effective surgical intervention. METHODS Prospective study of patients with severe osteoarthritis of the hip (N = 990) or knee (N = 907) who underwent total hip replacement (THA) or total knee replacement (TKA). Self-rated health was assessed pre-operatively and 1 year after surgery on a scale between "excellent" and "poor," along with other health items (other 11 items of the SF12 questionnaire) and multi-item Pain and Function scales. RESULTS On average, self-rated health was unchanged by surgery. In both THA and TKA cohorts, of 10 patients, 6 rated their health the same after surgery as before, 2 gave a higher rating, and 2 gave a lower rating. In contrast, major improvements were observed for all other SF12 items, and for the Pain and Function scales, in both cohorts of patients. Nevertheless, both before and after surgery, self-rated health was associated with the other SF12 items and with Pain and Function scores. These associations were stronger after surgery than before. CONCLUSIONS Self-rated health was not responsive to major improvements in health, documented by other instruments, attributable to joint replacement surgery. However, self-rated health was even more strongly associated with concurrent assessments of more specific health problems after surgery than before. Caution is advised in interpreting changes in self-rated health following health-altering interventions.
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Chalmers NI, Wislar JS, Boynes SG, Doherty M, Nový BB. Improving health in the United States: Oral health is key to overall health. J Am Dent Assoc 2018; 148:477-480. [PMID: 28651703 DOI: 10.1016/j.adaj.2017.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Osibogun O, Ogunmoroti O, Spatz ES, Burke GL, Michos ED. Is self-rated health associated with ideal cardiovascular health? The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Clin Cardiol 2018; 41:1154-1163. [PMID: 29896874 DOI: 10.1002/clc.22995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Self-rated health (SRH) is an indicator of health status-a determinant of health-promoting behaviors and a predictor of morbidity/mortality. Little is known about the association between SRH and ideal cardiovascular health (CVH), as measured by the AHA Life's Simple 7 (LS7) metrics, or whether the relationship between SRH and CVH differs by race/ethnicity. HYPOTHESIS Favorable SRH is associated with better CVH. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 6457 men and women (4 race/ethnicities) who participated in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. SRH was measured on a 5-point Likert scale (excellent, very good, good, fair, and poor). CVH was assessed using the LS7 metrics, each scored from 0 to 2, with a total score of 0 to 14. Scores of 0 to 8 indicate inadequate, 9 to 10, average, and 11 to 14, optimal CVH. ORs and 95% CIs were calculated for associations between SRH and CVH scores using multinomial logistic regression, adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, income, marital status, health insurance, and chronic diseases. RESULTS Mean age of participants was 62 ± 10 years; 53% were female. Odds of ideal CVH increased as SRH improved. Compared with poor-fair SRH, adjusted ORs and 95% CIs for optimal CVH by SRH status were excellent, 4.9 (3.4-7.0); very good, 2.2 (1.6-3.1); and good, 1.5 (1.1-2.1). Results were similar by race/ethnicity, sex, and age groups. CONCLUSIONS More favorable SRH was associated with better CVH, irrespective of sex, race/ethnicity, or age. Further research could explore whether optimization of SRH predicts CVH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olatokunbo Osibogun
- Department of Epidemiology, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida
| | - Oluseye Ogunmoroti
- The Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Erica S Spatz
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Gregory L Burke
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Erin D Michos
- The Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Baltimore, Maryland
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Assari S, Lankarani MM, Piette JD, Aikens JE. Self-Rated Health and Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes: Race by Gender Differences. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2018; 5:721-727. [PMID: 28779480 PMCID: PMC6378221 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-017-0416-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although some studies have shown a link between self-rated health (SRH) and glycemic control in type 2 diabetes (DM), other studies have failed to support this association. The purpose of this study was to determine whether these equivocal findings can be explained by specific interactions between gender, race, and SRH, as suggested by the intersectionality literature. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 287 patients with DM (85 Black men, 78 Black women, 64 White men, and 60 White women). After adjusting for demographic and medical factors, we regressed HbA1c on SRH with and without interactions between gender, race, and SRH. We conducted additional subgroup analyses to further characterize gender by race group differences. RESULTS Although there was no main effect of SRH upon HbA1c (b = .16, 95% CI: .08-.39), we found a significant interaction between gender and SRH on HbA1c (b = -.50, 95% CI: -.97 to -.03). In race by gender-stratified models, SRH (b = .53, 95% CI: .00-1.07) was associated with HbA1c in Black men. SRH was not associated with HbA1c in White men, White women, or Black women. CONCLUSION Combined race and gender differences may exist in the link between SRH and glycemic control in DM. Specifically, Black men with DM may be more attuned to the relationship between their overall health and their glycemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shervin Assari
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, 4250 Plymouth Road, SPC 5763, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2700, USA.
- Center for Research on Ethnicity, Culture and Health, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Maryam Moghani Lankarani
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, 4250 Plymouth Road, SPC 5763, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2700, USA
| | - John D Piette
- VA Center for Clinical Management Research, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - James E Aikens
- Department of Family Medicine, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Abstract
Recent work in medical sociology has provided critical insights into distinguishing between obesity as a condition with severe individual- and population-level health consequences, and obesity as a socially undesirable, stigmatizing construct opposing thinness as the healthy ideal. Less often considered is the role of Body Mass Index (BMI) as the standard by which obesity and healthy weight are measured and defined. Addressing this issue, I begin by distinguishing between BMI as an empirical, objective measure of health, and BMI as an arbitrary, subjective label for categorizing the population. I further consider how BMI is empowered as a measurable quantity through the lens of medicalization and evidence-based medicine, and introduce the "performativity" of BMI as a superior framework for confronting the measure's conceptual limitations. Emphasizing key parallels between BMI and self-rated health as measures with high predictive validity, yet unspecified mechanisms of action, I propose an epistemological shift away from classifying BMI as a biomarker and toward a more flexible view of the measure as a holistic appraisal of health. In closing, I argue that researchers may continue to leverage BMI's ease of collection and interpretation, provided they are attuned to its definitional ambiguity across diverse research methods and contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iliya Gutin
- The University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, 155 Hamilton Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27514
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69
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Firouzbakht M, Tirgar A, Oksanen T, Kawachi I, Hajian-Tilaki K, Nikpour M, Mouodi S, Sadeghian R. Workplace social capital and mental health: a cross-sectional study among Iranian workers. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:794. [PMID: 29940919 PMCID: PMC6019288 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5659-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The psychosocial environment of the workplace has received less attention in terms of occupational health. Trust, social network and social cohesion at the workplace (that is, factors related to social capital) may have effects on employee health. Thus, the objective of this study was to examine the association between workplace social capital and mental health among Iranian workers. Methods In this cross-sectional study, data were obtained from 5 factories in Babol, Northern Iran, in 2016, where 280 workers responded to a survey on social capital at work and psychosocial distress. Results Approximately 23.6% of the workers had psychological distress, and 23.4% had low social capital in the workplace. There was a significant relationship between mental health and individual workplace social capital (p = 0.025) and aggregated workplace social capital (p = 0.027). After controlling for each individual’s characteristics, the prevalence ratio of psychological distress was 2.11 (95% CI: 1.43-3.17) times higher among workers with low individual social capital, and low aggregated workplace social capital was associated with 2.64 (95% CI: 1.28–5.45) times higher odds of psychological distress. Conclusion Higher social capital is associated with a reduced risk of psychological distress. The promotion of social capital can be considered as a means to increase workplace mental health among workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojgan Firouzbakht
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Aram Tirgar
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
| | - Tuula Oksanen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Turku, Finland
| | - Ichiro Kawachi
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Maryam Nikpour
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Susan Mouodi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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Mao W, Chi I, Wu S. Multidimensional Intergenerational Instrumental Support and Self-Rated Health Among Older Adults in Rural China: Trajectories and Correlated Change Over 11 Years. Res Aging 2018; 41:115-138. [PMID: 29929430 DOI: 10.1177/0164027518783512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigated the dynamic relationship between multidimensional intergenerational instrumental support and health over time. This approach is of theoretical, methodological, and practical significance in gerontological research. METHOD Data came from The Well-Being of Older People in Anhui Province in 2001, 2003, 2006, 2009, and 2012. Of the 1,636 participants at baseline, a working sample of 1,557 older adults was used. Trajectories and correlated change were estimated using parallel latent growth curve modeling with maximum likelihood estimation. RESULTS "Received household-chore help" decreased over time, whereas "received personal-care help" increased over time. "Provided household-chore help" and "provided personal-care help" increased and then decreased over time. Increasing receipt of "household-chore help" and "personal-care help" were associated with faster decline in health over time. DISCUSSION Findings suggest distinctive patterns of changes for different dimensions of intergenerational instrumental support and their relationship with changes in perception of health over time in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyu Mao
- 1 School of Social Work, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Iris Chi
- 2 Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shinyi Wu
- 2 Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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71
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McAlpine DD, McCreedy E, Alang S. The Meaning and Predictive Value of Self-rated Mental Health among Persons with a Mental Health Problem. JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR 2018; 59:200-214. [PMID: 29406825 DOI: 10.1177/0022146518755485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Self-rated health is a valid measure of health that predicts quality of life, morbidity, and mortality. Its predictive value reflects a conceptualization of health that goes beyond a traditional medical model. However, less is known about self-rated mental health (SRMH). Using data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey ( N = 2,547), we examine how rating your mental health as good-despite meeting criteria for a mental health problem-predicts outcomes. We found that 62% of people with a mental health problem rated their mental health positively. Persons who rated their mental health as good (compared to poor) had 30% lower odds of having a mental health problem at follow-up. Even without treatment, persons with a mental health problem did better if they perceived their mental health positively. SRMH might comprise information beyond the experience of symptoms. Understanding the unobserved information individuals incorporate into SRMH will help us improve screening and treatment interventions.
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72
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Assari S, Caldwell CH, Mincy RB. Maternal Educational Attainment at Birth Promotes Future Self-Rated Health of White but Not Black Youth: A 15-Year Cohort of a National Sample. J Clin Med 2018; 7:jcm7050093. [PMID: 29723957 PMCID: PMC5977132 DOI: 10.3390/jcm7050093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Socioeconomic status (SES) is essential for maintaining health, and self-rated health (SRH) is not an exception to this rule. This study explored racial differences in the protective effects of maternal educational attainment at birth against poor SRH of the youth 15 years later. Methods: Using data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (FFCWS), this 15-year longitudinal study followed 1934 youths from birth to age 15. This sample was composed of White (n = 497, 25.7%), and Black (n = 1437, 74.3%) youths. The independent variable was maternal educational attainment at birth. SRH at age 15 was the dependent variable. Family structure was the covariate. Race was the focal moderator. We ran logistic regression models in the pooled sample, as well as stratified models based on race. Results: In the pooled sample, maternal educational attainment and family structure were not predictive of SRH for the youths at age 15. Race interacted with maternal educational attainment, indicating a stronger association between maternal educational attainment at birth on youth SRH for Whites compared to Blacks. In race stratified models, maternal educational attainment at birth was protective against poor SRH for White but not Black youths. Conclusion: White but not Black youths gain less SRH from their maternal educational attainment. Enhancing education attainment may not have identical effects across racial groups. The health status of Blacks may be less responsive to improvements in maternal educational attainment. Policies should go beyond investing in educational attainment by empowering Black families to better use the educational attainment that they gain. Policies and programs should reduce the costs of upward social mobility for minority families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shervin Assari
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
- Center for Research on Ethnicity, Culture and Health, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Cleopatra Howard Caldwell
- Center for Research on Ethnicity, Culture and Health, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Ronald B Mincy
- Center for Research on Fathers, Children, and Family Well-Being, New York, NY 10027-5927, USA.
- Columbia Population Research Center (CPRC), New York, NY 10027-5927, USA.
- Columbia School of Social Work, New York, NY 10027-5927, USA.
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73
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Hetlevik Ø, Vie TL, Meland E, Breidablik HJ, Jahanlu D. Adolescent self-rated health predicts general practice attendance in adulthood: Results from the Young-HUNT1 survey. Scand J Public Health 2018; 47:37-44. [PMID: 29708028 DOI: 10.1177/1403494818772212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Self-rated health (SRH) is a predictor of future health. However, the association between SRH in adolescence and health problems and health care utilization in adulthood has rarely been investigated. The aim of this study was to examine adolescent SRH as a predictor of general practitioner consultations in adulthood. METHODS SRH was registered in the Young-HUNT1 survey in 1995-1997 ( N=8828, mean age 16 years, 88% participation rate). General practitioner consultations during 2006-2014 were obtained from a national claims database. The predictive value of adolescent SRH on general practitioner consultations in adulthood was analysed by regression models estimating the relative risks (RR) for the total number of consultations and consultations for psychological, gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal or respiratory problems. Age, sex and baseline measures of chronic disease and health care attendance were used as the adjusting variables. RESULTS SRH was reported as 'very good' by 28.4%, 'good' by 60.6% and 'not good' by 11.0% of the respondents. The increases in consultation rates were 21% (RR 1.21, 95% CI 1.15-1.27) and 52% (RR 1.52, 95% CI 1.40-1.64) when comparing respondents with 'very good' SRH to those with 'good' and 'not good' SRH, respectively. We also demonstrated a dose-response association between adolescent SRH and general practitioner consultations for psychological, gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal or respiratory problems. CONCLUSIONS SRH in adolescence is a predictor for general practitioner consultations in adult life. Previous research shows that SRH is influenced by factors such as well-being, health behaviour, functional status and body satisfaction. Intervention studies are needed to evaluate whether population-based and clinical interventions can improve SRH by improving these factors among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Øystein Hetlevik
- 1 Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Tina L Vie
- 2 Centre of Health Research, Førde Hospital Trust, Norway
| | - Eivind Meland
- 1 Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Norway
| | | | - David Jahanlu
- 3 Department of Life Sciences and Health, Norway.,4 Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Norway
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74
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Korpela KM, Pasanen T, Repo V, Hartig T, Staats H, Mason M, Alves S, Fornara F, Marks T, Saini S, Scopelliti M, Soares AL, Stigsdotter UK, Ward Thompson C. Environmental Strategies of Affect Regulation and Their Associations With Subjective Well-Being. Front Psychol 2018; 9:562. [PMID: 29720955 PMCID: PMC5915835 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental strategies of affect regulation refer to the use of natural and urban socio-physical settings in the service of regulation. We investigated the perceived use and efficacy of environmental strategies for regulation of general affect and sadness, considering them in relation to other affect regulation strategies and to subjective well-being. Participants from Australia, Finland, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, India, the Netherlands, Portugal, and Sweden (N = 507) evaluated the frequency of use and perceived efficacy of affect regulation strategies using a modified version of the Measure of Affect Regulation Styles (MARS). The internet survey also included the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), emotional well-being items from the RAND 36-Item Health Survey, and a single-item measure of perceived general health. Environmental regulation formed a separate factor of affect regulation in the exploratory structural equation models (ESEM). Although no relations of environmental strategies with emotional well-being were found, both the perceived frequency of use and efficacy of environmental strategies were positively related to perceived health. Moreover, the perceived efficacy of environmental strategies was positively related to life satisfaction in regulating sadness. The results encourage more explicit treatment of environmental strategies in research on affect regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalevi M Korpela
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Psychology, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Tytti Pasanen
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Psychology, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Veera Repo
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Psychology, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Terry Hartig
- Institute for Housing and Urban Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Henk Staats
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Michael Mason
- Center for Behavioral Health Research, College of Social Work, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Susana Alves
- Department of Architecture, Çankaya University, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Tony Marks
- School of Behavioural, Cognitive and Social Sciences, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| | - Sunil Saini
- Indian Association of Health, Research and Welfare, Hisar, India
| | | | - Ana L Soares
- Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ulrika K Stigsdotter
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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75
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Work-family conflict and self-rated health among dwellers in Minia, Egypt: Financial strain vs social support. Public Health 2018; 157:69-76. [PMID: 29500946 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2018.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Egypt's economic reform is accompanied by both financial and social strains. Due to lack of evidence, we examined the associations between work-family conflict in its 2 directions, work-to-family conflicts (WFCs), and family-to-work conflicts (FWCs) and self-rated health in Minia, Egypt, and whether the association will vary by being financially responsible for others and by the level of perceived social support. STUDY DESIGN A cross-sectional study that included 1021 healthy participants aged 18-60 years from Minia district. METHODS Data on participants' work-family conflict, social, and demographic data and individual self-rated health were collected by a questionnaire survey. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) with its 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for poor self-rated health according to categories of work-family conflict. RESULTS There were significant positive associations between the poor self-rated health and both high WFC and FWC. Compared with participants with low WFC and low FWC, participants with high WFC low FWC, low WFC high FWC, and high WFC high FWC had multivariable-adjusted ORs (95% CIs) for poor self-rated health of 6.93 (3.02-13.13), 2.09 (1.06-4.12), and 10.05 (4.98-20.27), respectively. Giving financial support to others but not the level of perceived social support from others was an effect modifier of the association. CONCLUSIONS Work-family conflict was positively associated with the self-report of poor health, especially in those who were financially responsible for other family members.
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76
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Ha DH, Spencer AJ, Thomson WM, Scott JA, Do LG. Commonality of Risk Factors for Mothers' Poor Oral Health and General Health: Baseline Analysis of a Population-Based Birth Cohort Study. Matern Child Health J 2018; 22:617-625. [PMID: 29396632 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-018-2431-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective The association between and commonality of risk factors for poor self-rated oral health (SROH) and general health (SRGH) among new mothers has not been reported. The purpose of this paper is to assess the commonality of risk factors for poor SROH and SRGH, and self-reported obesity and dental pain, among a population-based sample of new mothers in Australia. It also investigated health conditions affecting new mothers' general health. Methods Data collected at baseline of a population-based birth cohort was used. Mothers of newborns in Adelaide were approached to participate. Mothers completed a questionnaire collecting data on socioeconomic status (SES), health behaviours, dental pain, SROH, self-reported height and weight and SRGH. Analysis was conducted sequentially from bivariate to multivariable regression to estimate prevalence rate (PR) of reporting poor/fair SROH and SRGH. Results of the 1895 new mothers, some 21 and 6% rated their SROH and SRGH as poor/fair respectively. Dental pain was associated with low income and smoking status, while being obese was associated with low SES, low education and infrequent tooth brushing. SROH and SRGH was associated with low SES, smoking, and dental pain. SROH was also associated with SRGH [PR: 3.06 (2.42-3.88)]. Conclusion for practice There was a commonality of factors associated with self-rated oral health and general health. Strong associations between OH and GH were also observed. Given the importance of maternal health for future generations, there would be long-term societal benefit from addressing common risk factors for OH and GH in integrated programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diep H Ha
- School of Dentistry, Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
| | - A John Spencer
- School of Dentistry, Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | | | | | - Loc G Do
- School of Dentistry, Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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77
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Abstract
Race disparities in self-rated health in the USA are well-documented, such that African Americans rate their health more poorly than whites. However, after adjusting for health status, socioeconomic status (SES), and health behaviors, residual race differences are observed. This suggests the importance of unmeasured variables. Because African Americans and whites tend to live in differing social contexts, it is possible that accounting for social and environmental conditions may reduce racial disparities in self-rated health. Differences in self-rated health among whites and African Americans were assessed in a low-income, urban integrated community (Exploring Health Disparities in Integrated Communities (EHDIC)) and compared with a national sample (National Health Interview Survey (NHIS)). Controlling for demographics, SES, health insurance, status, and behaviors, African Americans in NHIS had higher odds of reporting fair or poor health (odds ratio [OR] = 1.40, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.18-1.66) than whites. In EHDIC, there was no race difference in self-rated health (OR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.63-1.11). These results demonstrate the importance of social context in understanding race disparities in self-rated health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caryn N Bell
- Department of African American Studies, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.
| | - Roland J Thorpe
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Hopkins Center for Health Disparities Solutions, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Thomas A LaVeist
- Hopkins Center for Health Disparities Solutions, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Health Policy and Management, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
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78
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Cain CL, Wallace SP, Ponce NA. Helpfulness, Trust, and Safety of Neighborhoods: Social Capital, Household Income, and Self-Reported Health of Older Adults. THE GERONTOLOGIST 2018; 58:4-14. [PMID: 29029195 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnx145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Growing literature documents that where you live has an impact on your health, due in part to social capital. Building on social capital literature, we assess how subjective appraisals of neighborhood quality are associated with self-reported health (SRH) for older adults. Research Design and Methods Cross-sectional analysis of the 2014 California Health Interview Survey, a representative survey of diverse, noninstitutionalized California residents. We use three measures of neighborhood quality: trustworthy neighbors, helpful neighbors, and feeling safe. Using weighted ordinary least squares regression, we assess the associations of trust, helpfulness, and safety to SRH, controlling for neighborhood, demographic, and health care variables. We then examine how these associations vary by household income. Results We find that characterizing neighbors as helpful and feeling safe are associated with better SRH, even controlling for community, demographic, and health care variables. However, the importance of these dimensions varies across household income: helpfulness is positively associated, whereas trust is negatively associated with SRH for lower income residents; safety is positively associated with SRH in all but the lowest income residents. These findings show that social capital dimensions work differently from one another, and differentially affect the health of older adults. Discussion and Implications Scholarly analyses of neighborhood effects should include a range of social capital measures and stratify by household income. Our findings may also inform priority setting for social capital programs, especially for older adults with limited economic resources. Policies and programs should consider actions that raise perceptions of helpfulness and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy L Cain
- Department of Health Policy and Management at University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Steven P Wallace
- Department of Community Health Sciences at University of California, Los Angeles.,University of California, Los Angeles Center for Health Policy Research
| | - Ninez A Ponce
- Department of Health Policy and Management at University of California, Los Angeles.,University of California, Los Angeles Center for Health Policy Research
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79
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Cabrera-Barona P, Ghorbanzadeh O. Comparing Classic and Interval Analytical Hierarchy Process Methodologies for Measuring Area-Level Deprivation to Analyze Health Inequalities. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15010140. [PMID: 29337915 PMCID: PMC5800239 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15010140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Deprivation indices are useful measures to study health inequalities. Different techniques are commonly applied to construct deprivation indices, including multi-criteria decision methods such as the analytical hierarchy process (AHP). The multi-criteria deprivation index for the city of Quito is an index in which indicators are weighted by applying the AHP. In this research, a variation of this index is introduced that is calculated using interval AHP methodology. Both indices are compared by applying logistic generalized linear models and multilevel models, considering self-reported health as the dependent variable and deprivation and self-reported quality of life as the independent variables. The obtained results show that the multi-criteria deprivation index for the city of Quito is a meaningful measure to assess neighborhood effects on self-reported health and that the alternative deprivation index using the interval AHP methodology more thoroughly represents the local knowledge of experts and stakeholders. These differences could support decision makers in improving health planning and in tackling health inequalities in more deprived areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Cabrera-Barona
- Department of Geoinformatics-Z_GIS, University of Salzburg, Schillerstraße 30, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
- Instituto de Altos Estudios Nacionales, Av. Amazonas N37-271 y Villalengua, Quito 170507, Ecuador.
| | - Omid Ghorbanzadeh
- Department of Geoinformatics-Z_GIS, University of Salzburg, Schillerstraße 30, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
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80
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Korpela KM, Pasanen T, Repo V, Hartig T, Staats H, Mason M, Alves S, Fornara F, Marks T, Saini S, Scopelliti M, Soares AL, Stigsdotter UK, Ward Thompson C. Environmental Strategies of Affect Regulation and Their Associations With Subjective Well-Being. Front Psychol 2018. [PMID: 29720955 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.0056210.3389/fpsyg.2018.00562.s00110.3389/fpsyg.2018.00562.s00210.3389/fpsyg.2018.00562.s003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental strategies of affect regulation refer to the use of natural and urban socio-physical settings in the service of regulation. We investigated the perceived use and efficacy of environmental strategies for regulation of general affect and sadness, considering them in relation to other affect regulation strategies and to subjective well-being. Participants from Australia, Finland, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, India, the Netherlands, Portugal, and Sweden (N = 507) evaluated the frequency of use and perceived efficacy of affect regulation strategies using a modified version of the Measure of Affect Regulation Styles (MARS). The internet survey also included the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), emotional well-being items from the RAND 36-Item Health Survey, and a single-item measure of perceived general health. Environmental regulation formed a separate factor of affect regulation in the exploratory structural equation models (ESEM). Although no relations of environmental strategies with emotional well-being were found, both the perceived frequency of use and efficacy of environmental strategies were positively related to perceived health. Moreover, the perceived efficacy of environmental strategies was positively related to life satisfaction in regulating sadness. The results encourage more explicit treatment of environmental strategies in research on affect regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalevi M Korpela
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Psychology, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Tytti Pasanen
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Psychology, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Veera Repo
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Psychology, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Terry Hartig
- Institute for Housing and Urban Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Henk Staats
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Michael Mason
- Center for Behavioral Health Research, College of Social Work, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Susana Alves
- Department of Architecture, Çankaya University, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Tony Marks
- School of Behavioural, Cognitive and Social Sciences, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| | - Sunil Saini
- Indian Association of Health, Research and Welfare, Hisar, India
| | | | - Ana L Soares
- Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ulrika K Stigsdotter
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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81
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Diaz A, Peake K, Nucci-Sack A, Shankar V. Health Care Use and Status Among Abused Young People. Ann Glob Health 2017; 83:735-742. [PMID: 29248089 DOI: 10.1016/j.aogh.2017.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood abuse negatively affects young people's health. Little is known about its effect on health care usage patterns or on perception of health status during a life stage when learning to use care independently is a key developmental task. OBJECTIVES In nonclinical study settings, abuse has been found to be associated with disorganized use of care and perceived poorer health. Our objective was to determine whether abused youth receiving health care had similar outcomes. METHODS This observational study, conducted between December 5, 2005 and April 13, 2007, screened for childhood abuse in 532 young people seeking services at a primary care clinic. The setting was a New York City young people's free health clinic. Participants were aged 12-24 years, recruited during a visit, mostly female (86%), Latino or black (94%), and currently in school or college (79%). Exclusions included not being fluent in English or having difficulty understanding the study/consent process. RESULTS Health care use (routine vs urgent care) in the prior 12 months and perceived health status were measured using the Health Service Utilization Scale. Potential demographic covariates were controlled for, as was depression (using the Beck Depression Inventory for Primary Care-Fast Screen). A total of 54% disclosed abuse. Compared with those who were not abused, those reporting sexual abuse had 1.4 times greater odds of choosing both urgent and routine care over routine care only. Those reporting any type of abuse had lower odds of selecting urgent care only over routine care. No association was found between childhood abuse and perceived health status. CONCLUSIONS In contrast to studies conducted among youth in nonclinic settings, in this study childhood abuse was not associated with health care usage patterns or with poorer perception of health. Further research is needed regarding the impact receiving health care has on perceived health and health care use in abused youth. Annals of Global Health 2017;0:000-000.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Diaz
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.
| | - Ken Peake
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
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Wang J, Liu K, Zheng J, Liu J, You L. Prevalence of Mental Health Problems and Associated Risk Factors among Rural-to-Urban Migrant Children in Guangzhou, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:E1385. [PMID: 29135949 PMCID: PMC5708024 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14111385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Rural-to-urban migration, which has achieved a huge scale during China's economic reform, is a potential risk factor for the mental health of migrant children. To test this hypothesis, this study assessed the mental health status of rural-to-urban migrant children. Guided by Andersen's behavioral model, the study explored the risk factors associated with mental health. The study recruited 1182 fifth/sixth-grade children from four private and four public primary schools in Guangzhou in 2014 in a descriptive cross-sectional design. Mental health status was measured by the strengths and difficulties questionnaire. Predisposing characteristics including demographics (e.g., age, gender), social structure (e.g., education, occupation) and health beliefs (health attitude) were recorded. Enabling characteristics including family and community resources and the need for health services were analyzed to explore the risk factors. The results indicate that more rural-to-urban migrant children were classified in the abnormal (21.0%) or borderline (18.8%) categories based on the total difficulties scores, the proportions of which were much higher than those of local children (9.8% abnormal, 13.8% borderline). Factors associated with a greater likelihood of mental health problems included single-parent families, seeking health information actively, family income cannot meet basic needs and poor perceived health status. Compared with the local children, the rural-to-urban migrant children had relatively poor mental health, hence monitoring and supporting mental health for rural-urban migrant children is critical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- School of Nursing, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74, Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Ke Liu
- School of Nursing, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74, Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Jing Zheng
- School of Nursing, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74, Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Jiali Liu
- School of Nursing, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74, Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Liming You
- School of Nursing, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74, Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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Jung J, Kim G, Kim K, Paek D, Cho SI. Association between working time quality and self-perceived health: analysis of the 3rd Korean working conditions survey (2011). Ann Occup Environ Med 2017; 29:55. [PMID: 29158910 PMCID: PMC5683327 DOI: 10.1186/s40557-017-0211-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Self-perceived health, a subjective assessment of one’s health condition, is an important health indicator at the level of quality of life. In this study, working time quality refer to job factors with qualitative aspects of working time. This study was conducted to investigate the association between working time quality and self-perceived health in paid workers in Korea. Methods In this study, 35,902 paid workers were analyzed based on the 3rd Korean working conditions survey. For independent variables, working time quality (working at night, working in the evenings, working on Sundays, working on Saturdays, and working more than 10 h a day) were set as major job-related variables. Other occupational characteristics were divided into 6 groups and general characteristics were divided into 6 groups, and univariate analysis was conducted with self-perceived health, a dependent variable. Variables that had significance in the univariate analysis were used for multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results In the univariate analysis using Chi-square test, variables showing significance in self-perceived health were age, income, education, occupation, employment type, work hours per week, and shift work. Working time quality showed a significant association with self-perceived health. After adjusting for these variables using logistic regression analysis, working at night, working in the evening, working on Sundays, and working more than 10 h a day showed significant association with self-perceived health. Conclusions This study showed a statistically significant association between working time quality of employees with self-perceived health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeyoup Jung
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Graduate, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-600 Republic of Korea
| | - Gyuree Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Graduate, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-600 Republic of Korea
| | - Kyusung Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Graduate, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-600 Republic of Korea
| | - Domyung Paek
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Graduate, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-600 Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Il Cho
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Graduate, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-600 Republic of Korea
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84
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Griep RH, Toivanen S, van Diepen C, Guimarães JMN, Camelo LV, Juvanhol LL, Aquino EM, Chor D. Work-Family Conflict and Self-Rated Health: the Role of Gender and Educational Level. Baseline Data from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). Int J Behav Med 2017; 23:372-382. [PMID: 26597924 PMCID: PMC4863030 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-015-9523-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Purpose This study examined gender differences in the association between work–family conflict and self-rated health and evaluated the effect of educational attainment. Method We used baseline data from ELSA-Brasil, a cohort study of civil servants from six Brazilian state capitals. Our samples included 12,017 active workers aged 34–72 years. Work–family conflict was measured by four indicators measuring effects of work on family, effects of family in work and lack of time for leisure and personal care. Results Women experienced more frequent work–family conflict, but in both genders, increased work–family conflict directly correlated with poorer self-rated health. Women’s educational level interacted with three work–family conflict indicators. For time-based effects of work on family, highly educated women had higher odds of suboptimal self-rated health (OR = 1.54; 95 % CI = 1.19–1.99) than less educated women (OR = 1.14; 95 % CI = 0.92–1.42). For strain-based effects of work on family, women with higher and lower education levels had OR = 1.91 (95 % CI 1.48–2.47) and OR = 1.40 (95 % CI 1.12–1.75), respectively. For lack of time for leisure and personal care, women with higher and lower education levels had OR = 2.60 (95 % CI = 1.95–3.47) and OR = 1.11 (95 % CI = 0.90–1.38), respectively. Conclusion Women’s education level affects the relationship between work–family conflict and self-rated health. The results may contribute to prevention activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosane Härter Griep
- Laboratory of Health and Environment Education, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-360, Brazil. .,Centre for Health Equity Studies, Stockholm University and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Susanna Toivanen
- Centre for Health Equity Studies, Stockholm University and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Joanna M N Guimarães
- National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lidyane V Camelo
- Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Leidjaira Lopes Juvanhol
- National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Estela M Aquino
- Institute of Collective Health, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Dóra Chor
- National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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85
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Chao YS, Wu HT, Scutari M, Chen TS, Wu CJ, Durand M, Boivin A. A network perspective on patient experiences and health status: the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey 2004 to 2011. BMC Health Serv Res 2017; 17:579. [PMID: 28830413 PMCID: PMC5567925 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-017-2496-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a growing emphasis on the need to engage patients in order to improve the quality of health care and improve health outcomes. However, we are still lacking a comprehensive understanding on how different measures of patient experiences interact with one another or relate to health status. This study takes a network perspective to 1) study the associations between patient characteristics and patient experience in health care and 2) identify factors that could be prioritized to improve health status. METHODS This study uses data from the two-year panels from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) initiated between 2004 and 2011 in the United States. The 88 variables regarding patient health and experience with health care were identified through the MEPS documentation. Sex, age, race/ethnicity, and years of education were also included for analysis. The bnlearn package within R (v3.20) was used to 1) identify the structure of the network of variables, 2) assess the model fit of candidate algorithms, 3) cross-validate the network, and 4) fit conditional probabilities with the given structure. RESULTS There were 51,023 MEPS interviewees aged 18 to 85 years (mean = 44, 95% CI = 43.9 to 44.2), with years of education ranging from 1 to 19 (mean = 7.4, 95% CI = 7.40 to 7.46). Among all, 55% and 74% were female and white, respectively. There were nine networks identified and 17 variables not linked to others, including death in the second years, sex, entry years to the MEPS, and relations of proxies. The health status in the second years was directly linked to that in the first years. The health care ratings were associated with how often professionals listened to them and whether professionals' explanation was understandable. CONCLUSIONS It is feasible to construct Bayesian networks with information on patient characteristics and experiences in health care. Network models help to identify significant predictors of health care quality ratings. With temporal relationships established, the structure of the variables can be meaningful for health policy researchers, who search for one or a few key priorities to initiate interventions or health care quality improvement programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Sheng Chao
- Centre de recherche du centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.
| | - Hau-Tieng Wu
- Department of Mathematics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Marco Scutari
- Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tai-Shen Chen
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chao-Jung Wu
- Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Madeleine Durand
- Centre de recherche du centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Antoine Boivin
- Département de médecine de famille, Centre de recherche du centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Institut de recherche en santé publique (IRSPUM), Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
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86
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Vie GÅ, Pape K, Krokstad S, Johnsen R, Bjørngaard JH. Temporal changes in health within 5 years before and after disability pension-the HUNT Study. Eur J Public Health 2017. [PMID: 28637220 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckx082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Health status has been reported to change before, during and after disability pension receipt. These associations might be subject to temporal changes according to changes in policy, incidence of disability pensions and other contextual factors. We compared the perceived health around time of disability retirement among persons receiving disability pension in the 1990 s and 2000 s in Norway. Methods We linked data from two consecutive cross-sectional population based Norwegian health surveys, HUNT2 (1995-97) and HUNT3 (2006-08), to national registries, identifying those who received disability pension within 5 years before or after participation in the survey (HUNT2: n = 5362, HUNT3: n = 4649). We used logistic regression to assess associations of time from receiving a disability pension with self-rated health, insomnia, depression and anxiety symptoms and subsequently estimated adjusted prevalence over time. Results Prevalence of poor self-rated health peaked around time of receiving disability pension in both decades. For those aged 50+, prevalence the year before disability pension was slightly lower in 2006-08 (74%, 95% CI 70-79%) than in 1995-97 (83%, 95% CI 79-87%), whereas peak prevalence was similar between surveys for those younger than 50. Depression symptoms peaked more pronouncedly in 1995-97 than in 2006-08, whereas prevalence of anxiety symptoms was similar at time of receiving disability pension between surveys. Conclusions We found no strong evidence of differences in health selection to disability pension in the 2000 s compared to the 1990 s. However, we found indication of less depression symptoms around time of disability pension in the 2000 s compared to the 1990 s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunnhild Åberge Vie
- Department of Public Health and General Practice, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kristine Pape
- Department of Public Health and General Practice, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Steinar Krokstad
- Department of Public Health and General Practice/HUNT Research Center, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Psychiatry, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
| | - Roar Johnsen
- Department of Public Health and General Practice, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Johan Håkon Bjørngaard
- Department of Public Health and General Practice, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Forensic Department and Research Centre Brøset, St. Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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Jebena MG, Lindstrom D, Lachat C, Belachew T, Kolsteren P. The effect of food insecurity on health status of adolescents in Ethiopia: longitudinal study. BMC Public Health 2017; 17:465. [PMID: 28521757 PMCID: PMC5437384 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-017-4406-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of food insecurity on health and wellbeing of a population has been the subject of much research. Yet, limited research has investigated its effect on adolescents' health and wellbeing in Ethiopia. METHOD We used data from the Jimma Longitudinal Family Survey of Youth which began tracking a cohort of adolescents in 2005 to examine the social, behavioral and economic determinants of their health and well-being. A total of 1,919 sample were included in the main analyses. All youths provided data related to their food insecurity experiences and their health status. A mixed effect logistic regression using random intercept and trend model was used to examine the relationship between food insecurity and their health status. Fixed effects estimates were also computed to check the parsimoniousness of the random intercept and trend model. RESULTS The results indicated that the mean (±SD) age of adolescents was 18.6(±1.4). Nine hundred twenty three (48.1%) of them were female. The magnitude of self-rated health status was relatively unstable ranging from 18.9%, 34.7% to 37.3% in each round. Similarly, 20.4%, 48.4% and 20.6% of adolescents were food insecure during each consecutive round of the survey respectively. Exposure to food insecurity is strongly associated with self-rated health status (β = 0.28, P < 0.001) and poor self-rated health was also more pronounced for some time (β =2.11, P < 0.001) and decline after a turning point (β = -0.38, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS These findings imply that any social, nutrition and public health interventions designed to improve adolescent health should consider underlying social determinants of health such as food insecurity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mulusew G. Jebena
- Department of Population and Family Health, Jimma University, P.O. Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia
- Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - David Lindstrom
- Department of Sociology, Brown University, Box 1916, Maxcy Hall, Providence, RI 02912 USA
| | - Carl Lachat
- Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tefera Belachew
- Department of Population and Family Health, Jimma University, P.O. Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Patrick Kolsteren
- Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Lachytova M, Katreniakova Z, Mikula P, Jendrichovsky M, Nagyova I. Associations between self-rated health, mental health problems and physical inactivity among urban adolescents. Eur J Public Health 2017; 27:984-989. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckx051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marketa Lachytova
- Department of Social and Behavioural Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, PJ Safarik University, Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Zuzana Katreniakova
- Department of Social and Behavioural Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, PJ Safarik University, Kosice, Slovak Republic
- Slovak Public Health Association – SAVEZ, Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Pavol Mikula
- Department of Social and Behavioural Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, PJ Safarik University, Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Marian Jendrichovsky
- Department of Social and Behavioural Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, PJ Safarik University, Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Iveta Nagyova
- Department of Social and Behavioural Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, PJ Safarik University, Kosice, Slovak Republic
- Slovak Public Health Association – SAVEZ, Kosice, Slovak Republic
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89
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Influence of Urban Multi-Criteria Deprivation and Spatial Accessibility to Healthcare on Self-Reported Health. URBAN SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/urbansci1020011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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90
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General health status in army personnel: relations with health behaviors and psychosocial variables. Qual Life Res 2017; 26:1839-1851. [DOI: 10.1007/s11136-017-1523-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Relationships between the Active Aging Index and Disability-Free Life Expectancy: A Case Study in the Rajshahi District of Bangladesh. Can J Aging 2016; 32:417-32. [PMID: 26263399 DOI: 10.1017/s0714980813000494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Life expectancy has increased considerably throughout the world. In Bangladesh, life expectancy has increased from about 53 years in 1975 to 69 years in 2010. However, it is unknown whether the increase in life expectancy is simultaneously accompanied by an increase in disability-free life expectancy (DFLE). The purpose of the study described in this article was to explore the relationship between life expectancy and DFLE in the Rajshahi District of Bangladesh by examining the relationships between the Active Aging Index (AAI) and DFLE. The study fi ndings suggest that urban, more-educated, elderly males are more active in all aspects of life and have longer DFLE. Females are found to outlive males but are more likely to live a greater part of their remaining life with disability. Positive correlations between the AAI and DFLE suggest that older adults could enjoy more DFLE by involving themselves in active aging activities.
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Stepanikova I, Kukla L, Svancara J. Predictive value of self-rated health in pregnancy for childbirth complications, adverse birth outcomes, and maternal health. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2016; 135:56-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijgo.2016.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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93
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Graf AS, Hicks Patrick J. Self-Assessed Health into Late Adulthood. GEROPSYCH-THE JOURNAL OF GERONTOPSYCHOLOGY AND GERIATRIC PSYCHIATRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1024/1662-9647/a000156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Abstract. Self-assessed health (SAH) is the personal assessment of one’s own health ( Idler & Benyamini, 1997 ; Jylhä, 2009 ). It is often measured using a single item asking whether adults rate their health as excellent, very good, good, fair, or poor. When measured at a single point in time, SAH relates to a variety of short-term and long-term health outcomes and behaviors, including morbidity, healthcare utilization, and mortality ( Benyamini, 2008 ; Mossey & Shapiro, 1982 ; Westerhof & Wurm, 2015 ). Recently, attention has shifted away from examining SAH at a single point in time toward understanding whether SAH trajectories can better predict health outcomes ( Ayyagari et al., 2012 ; Schmitz et al., 2013 ). Therefore, it is critical to understand the factors contributing to the SAH process. This article provides a multidisciplinary overview of SAH and SAH change while illustrating the benefits of adopting a lifespan approach in future research. The current SAH literature, including cross-sectional and longitudinal studies, is used to examine what is known about the SAH process into late adulthood. From the literature, it is clear SAH is a multidimensional construct, susceptible to age-related change and sociohistorical contexts. Understanding the developmental mechanisms and multiple influences underlying change, however, may help further the use of SAH as a life-long health-promotion tool. Lifespan concepts are applied to expand discussion and recommendations are made concerning the application of alternative variables and methodologies. Future studies of SAH should consider these personal perceptions of health not only as predictors of health outcomes in later life, but also as tools for effective health promotion in everyday life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allyson S. Graf
- , Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown WV, USA
- , Department of Psychology, Elmira College, Elmira NY, USA
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Cheung T, Junghans A, Dijksterhuis G, Kroese F, Johansson P, Hall L, De Ridder D. Consumers' choice-blindness to ingredient information. Appetite 2016; 106:2-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2015.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Quinti I, Pulvirenti F, Giannantoni P, Hajjar J, Canter DL, Milito C, Abeni D, Orange JS, Tabolli S. Development and Initial Validation of a Questionnaire to Measure Health-Related Quality of Life of Adults with Common Variable Immune Deficiency: The CVID_QoL Questionnaire. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2016; 4:1169-1179.e4. [PMID: 27665385 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2016.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Generic health status quality of life (QoL) instruments have been used in patients with common variable immune deficiency (CVID). However, by their nature, these tools may over- or underestimate the impact of diseases on an individual's QoL. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to develop and validate a questionnaire to measure specific-health-related QoL for adults with CVID (CVID_QoL). METHODS The 32-item content of the CVID_QoL questionnaire was developed using focus groups and individual patient interviews. Validation studies included 118 adults with CVID who completed Short Form-36, Saint George Respiratory Questionnaire, General Health Questionnaire-12, and EuroQol-5D questionnaire in a single session. Principal component and factor analysis solutions identified 3 scores to be similar in number and content for each solution. Validation of 3 factor scores was performed by construct validity. Reproducibility, reliability, convergent validity, and discriminant validity were evaluated. Matrices consisting of correlations between the 32 items in the CVID_QOL were calculated. RESULTS Factor analysis identified 3 dimensions: emotional functioning (EF), relational functioning (RF), and gastrointestinal and skin symptoms (GSS). The instrument had good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha, min. 0.74 for GSS, max. 0.84 for RF, n = 118) and high reproducibility (intraclass correlation coefficient, min. 0.79 for RF, max 0.90 for EF, n = 27). EF and RF scores showed good convergent validity correlating with conceptually similar dimensions of other study scales. Acute and relapsing infections had a significant impact on EF and RF. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence of the reliability and construct validity of the CVID_QoL to identify QoL issues in patients with CVID that may not be addressed by generic instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Quinti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | | | | | - Joud Hajjar
- Texas Children's Hospital Center for Human Immunobiology, Department of Pediatrics-Section of Immunology, Allergy and Rheumatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex
| | - Debra L Canter
- Texas Children's Hospital Center for Human Immunobiology, Department of Pediatrics-Section of Immunology, Allergy and Rheumatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex
| | - Cinzia Milito
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Damiano Abeni
- Health Services Research Unit IDI, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Jordan S Orange
- Texas Children's Hospital Center for Human Immunobiology, Department of Pediatrics-Section of Immunology, Allergy and Rheumatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex
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96
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Garbarski D. Research in and Prospects for the Measurement of Health Using Self-Rated Health. PUBLIC OPINION QUARTERLY 2016; 80:977-997. [PMID: 27833212 PMCID: PMC5099999 DOI: 10.1093/poq/nfw033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Self-rated health (SRH)-for example, "in general would you say your health is excellent, very good, good, fair, or poor?"-is the most widely used measure of health across a range of survey research studies. This paper synthesizes extant research and provides a framework for future research on the measurement of health using SRH, focusing on four interrelated topics: the factors that influence respondents' health ratings, the survey measurement features of SRH, how SRH answers are analyzed, and the stated purpose of SRH as a proxy for more objective health or as a perception of health. Extant research on the health, psychological, and social factors influencing respondents' SRH answers is reviewed, as is research concerned with the survey measurement features of SRH that influence how respondents rate their health. The synthesis proposes a framework for future research that focuses on further explicating the factors that underlie respondents' SRH answers and improving features of SRH measurement and analysis in ways that are consistent with the various goals of the researchers who both collect and analyze the data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Garbarski
- *Address correspondence to Dana Garbarski, Department of Sociology, Loyola University Chicago, 1032 W. Sheridan Road, 440 Coffey Hall, Chicago, IL 60660, USA; e-mail:
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97
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Wabiri N, Chersich M, Shisana O, Blaauw D, Rees H, Dwane N. Growing inequities in maternal health in South Africa: a comparison of serial national household surveys. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2016; 16:256. [PMID: 27581489 PMCID: PMC5007803 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-016-1048-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rates of maternal mortality and morbidity vary markedly, both between and within countries. Documenting these variations, in a very unequal society like South Africa, provides useful information to direct initiatives to improve services. The study describes inequalities over time in access to maternal health services in South Africa, and identifies differences in maternal health outcomes between population groups and across geographical areas. METHODS Data were analysed from serial population-level household surveys that applied multistage-stratified sampling. Access to maternal health services and health outcomes in 2008 (n = 1121) were compared with those in 2012 (n = 1648). Differences between socio-economic quartiles were quantified using the relative (RII) and slope (SII) index of inequality, based on survey weights. RESULTS High levels of inequalities were noted in most measures of service access in both 2008 and 2012. Inequalities between socio-economic quartiles worsened over time in antenatal clinic attendance, with overall coverage falling from 97.0 to 90.2 %. Nationally, skilled birth attendance remained about 95 %, with persistent high inequalities (SII = 0.11, RII = 1.12 in 2012). In 2012, having a doctor present at childbirth was higher than in 2008 (34.4 % versus 27.8 %), but inequalities worsened. Countrywide, levels of planned pregnancy declined from 44.6 % in 2008 to 34.7 % in 2012. The RII and SII rose over this period and in 2012, only 22.4 % of the poorest quartile had a planned pregnancy. HIV testing increased substantially by 2012, though remains low in groups with a high HIV prevalence, such as women in rural formal areas, and from Gauteng and Mpumalanga provinces. Marked deficiencies in service access were noted in the Eastern Cape ad North West provinces. CONCLUSIONS Though some population-level improvements occurred in access to services, inequalities generally worsened. Low levels of planned pregnancy, antenatal clinic access and having a doctor present at childbirth among poor women are of most concern. Policy makers should carefully balance efforts to increase service access nationally, against the need for programs targeting underserved populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Njeri Wabiri
- Epidemiology and Strategic Information Unit, Human Sciences Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Matthew Chersich
- Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Olive Shisana
- Evidence Based Solutions, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Duane Blaauw
- Centre for Health Policy, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Helen Rees
- Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ntabozuko Dwane
- Epidemiology and Strategic Information Unit, Human Sciences Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa
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98
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Nilsson K, Hydbom AR, Rylander L. How are self-rated health and diagnosed disease related to early or deferred retirement? A cross-sectional study of employees aged 55-64. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:886. [PMID: 27561367 PMCID: PMC5000415 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3438-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background More people will probably continue working into old age in the future due to the increased size of aging populations in many countries. We therefore need to know more about older workers’ health in relation to their work situation and retirement. This study is a part of a theoretical development of older workers’ situations. Older workers’ situations are theoretically themed in nine areas by the authors of this study. The aims of the study were to investigate the relationship between: i) diagnosed disease and factors in older workers’ situations, theoretically themed in nine areas; ii) self-rated health and factors in older workers’ situations, theoretically themed in nine areas; iii) diagnosed disease and self-rated health; and iv) the relationships between these health measures and retirement. Methods A questionnaire-based cross-sectional study, using logistic regression, with 1,756 health care personnel aged 55–64 years. The questionnaire used gave an overview of most different areas in the older workers’ situations. Result There was a difference in the participants’ frequency of objectively specified diagnosed disease and their subjectively experienced self-rated health. A bad self-rated health was related higher to early retirement than diagnosed diseases. In the multivariate model, having ‘Diagnosed disease’ was not significantly related to whether older workers thought they could not work beyond 65 years of age. A bad ‘Self-rated health’ was also more highly related to whether older workers thought they could not work beyond 65 years, than if the respondents stated that a ‘Diagnosed disease is a hindrance in my daily work’ in the multivariate model. Conclusion This study showed an important difference between older workers’ own experiences and the effect of their self-rated health and their diagnosed diseases. Subjective self-rated health seems to be more important to people’s retirement planning than diagnosed disease. The most important factors affecting older workers’ self-rated health was the degree to which they felt physically and mentally fatigued, their possibilities for revitalization, and issues of work satisfaction, age discrimination and attitudes of managers to them as seniors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Nilsson
- Divison of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Box 188, SE-221 85, Lund, Sweden. .,Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Work Sciences, Business Economics and Environmental Psychology, Box 88, SE-230 53, Alnarp, Sweden.
| | - Anna Rignell Hydbom
- Divison of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Box 188, SE-221 85, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lars Rylander
- Divison of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Box 188, SE-221 85, Lund, Sweden
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99
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Temane QM, Wissing MP. The Role of Subjective Perception of Health in the Dynamics of Context and Psychological Well-Being. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/008124630603600308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to establish the role played by subjective perceptions of physical health in the relationship between psychological well-being and two social contexts that are stratified by socio-economic differentials pertaining to race, socio-economic indices and infrastructural resources. An availability sample of 514 participants from Potchefstroom ( n = 384) and Mafikeng ( n = 130), North West Province, completed questionnaires on the perceptions of health and psychological well-being. Regression equations were computed to explore the viability of relationships between context and subjective perceptions of physical health, context and psychological well-being, and psychological well-being and subjective perceptions of physical health. Structural equation models showed that subjective perceptions of physical health mediate the relationship between context and psychological well-being. The implications of the findings are indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q. M. Temane
- School of Psychosocial Behavioural Sciences: Psychology, North-West University, Private Bag X 6001, Potchefstroom, 2530, South Africa
| | - M. P. Wissing
- School of Psychosocial Behavioural Sciences: Psychology, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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100
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Wedow R, Briley DA, Short SE, Boardman JD. Gender and genetic contributions to weight identity among adolescents and young adults in the U.S. Soc Sci Med 2016; 165:99-107. [PMID: 27500942 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we investigate the possibility that genetic variation contributes to self-perceived weight status among adolescents and young adults in the U.S. Using samples of identical and fraternal twins across four waves of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) study, we calculate heritability estimates for objective body mass index (BMI) that are in line with previous estimates. We also show that perceived weight status is heritable (h(2) ∼ 0.47) and most importantly that this trait continues to be heritable above and beyond objective BMI (h(2) ∼ 0.25). We then demonstrate significant sex differences in the heritability of weight identity across the four waves of the study, where h(2)women = 0.39, 0.35, 0.40, and 0.50 for each wave, respectively, and h(2)men = 0.10, 0.10, 0.23, and 0.03. These results call for a deeper consideration of both identity and gender in genetics research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robbee Wedow
- Department of Sociology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; Health and Society Program and Population Program, Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA.
| | - Daniel A Briley
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA
| | - Susan E Short
- Department of Sociology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; Population Studies & Training Center, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Jason D Boardman
- Department of Sociology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; Health and Society Program and Population Program, Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
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