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Xu XF, Wang YC, Zong L, Chen ZY, Li Y. Elevating Integrin-linked Kinase expression has rescued hippocampal neurogenesis and memory deficits in an AD animal model. Brain Res 2018; 1695:65-77. [PMID: 29787769 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in adult neurogenesis have been regarded as a major cause of cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The underlying mechanism of neurogenesis deficiency in AD remains unclear. In this study, we reported that Integrin-linked Kinase (ILK) protein levels and phosphorylation were significantly decreased in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice. Increased ILK expression of dentate gyrus (DG) rescued the hippocampus-dependent neurogenesis and memory deficits in APP/PS1 mice. Moreover, we demonstrated that the effect of ILK overexpression in the hippocampus was exerted via AKT-GSK3β pathway. Finally, we found that Fluoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, could improve the impaired hippocampal neurogenesis and memory by enhancing ILK-AKT-GSK3β pathway activity in APP/PS1 mice. Thus, these findings demonstrated the effects of ILK on neurogenesis and memory recovery, suggesting that ILK is an important therapeutic target for AD prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Feng Xu
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266001, People's Republic of China; Department of Cell and Neurobiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, School of Basic Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - You-Cui Wang
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266001, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Zong
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe-Yu Chen
- Department of Cell and Neurobiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, School of Basic Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, People's Republic of China.
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52
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Gene expression changes in the ventral hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex of adolescent alcohol-preferring (P) rats following binge-like alcohol drinking. Alcohol 2018; 68:37-47. [PMID: 29448234 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Binge drinking of alcohol during adolescence is a serious public health concern with long-term consequences, including decreased hippocampal and prefrontal cortex volume and deficits in memory. We used RNA sequencing to assess the effects of adolescent binge drinking on gene expression in these regions. Male adolescent alcohol-preferring (P) rats were exposed to repeated binge drinking (three 1-h sessions/day during the dark/cycle, 5 days/week for 3 weeks starting at 28 days of age; ethanol intakes of 2.5-3 g/kg/session). Ethanol significantly altered the expression of 416 of 11,727 genes expressed in the ventral hippocampus. Genes and pathways involved in neurogenesis, long-term potentiation, and axonal guidance were decreased, which could relate to the impaired memory function found in subjects with adolescent alcohol binge-like exposure. The decreased expression of myelin and cholesterol genes and apparent decrease in oligodendrocytes in P rats could result in decreased myelination. In the medial prefrontal cortex, 638 of 11,579 genes were altered; genes in cellular stress and inflammatory pathways were increased, as were genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation. Overall, the results of this study suggest that adolescent binge-like alcohol drinking may alter the development of the ventral hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex and produce long-term consequences on learning and memory, and on control of impulsive behaviors.
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Shohayeb B, Diab M, Ahmed M, Ng DCH. Factors that influence adult neurogenesis as potential therapy. Transl Neurodegener 2018; 7:4. [PMID: 29484176 PMCID: PMC5822640 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-018-0109-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis involves persistent proliferative neuroprogenitor populations that reside within distinct regions of the brain. This phenomenon was first described over 50 years ago and it is now firmly established that new neurons are continually generated in distinct regions of the adult brain. The potential of enhancing the neurogenic process lies in improved brain cognition and neuronal plasticity particularly in the context of neuronal injury and neurodegenerative disorders. In addition, adult neurogenesis might also play a role in mood and affective disorders. The factors that regulate adult neurogenesis have been broadly studied. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of regulating neurogenesis are still not fully defined. In this review, we will provide critical analysis of our current understanding of the factors and molecular mechanisms that determine neurogenesis. We will further discuss pre-clinical and clinical studies that have investigated the potential of modulating neurogenesis as therapeutic intervention in neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belal Shohayeb
- 1School of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4067 Australia
| | - Mohamed Diab
- 2Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, P.O. Box Sidi Gaber, Alexandria, 21311 Egypt
| | - Mazen Ahmed
- 2Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, P.O. Box Sidi Gaber, Alexandria, 21311 Egypt
| | - Dominic Chi Hiung Ng
- 1School of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4067 Australia
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54
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Boku S, Nakagawa S, Toda H, Hishimoto A. Neural basis of major depressive disorder: Beyond monoamine hypothesis. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2018; 72:3-12. [PMID: 28926161 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.12604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The monoamine hypothesis has been accepted as the most common hypothesis of major depressive disorder (MDD) for a long period because of its simplicity and understandability. Actually, most currently used antidepressants have been considered to act based on the monoamine hypothesis. However, an important problem of the monoamine hypothesis has been pointed out as follows: it fails to explain the latency of response to antidepressants. In addition, many patients with MDD have remained refractory to currently used antidepressants. Therefore, monoamine-alternate hypotheses are required to explain the latency of response to antidepressants. Such hypotheses have been expected to contribute to identifying hopeful new therapeutic targets for MDD. Past studies have revealed that the volume of the hippocampus is decreased in patients with MDD, which is likely caused by the failure of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and following elevation of glucocorticoids. Two hypotheses have been proposed to explain the volume of the hippocampus: (i) the neuroplasticity hypothesis; and (ii) the neurogenesis hypothesis. The neuroplasticity hypothesis explains how the hippocampal volume is decreased by the morphological changes of hippocampal neurons, such as the shortening length of dendrites and the decreased number and density of spines. The neurogenesis hypothesis explains how the hippocampal volume is decreased by the decrease of neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus. These hypotheses are able to explain the latency of response to antidepressants. In this review, we first overview how the neuroplasticity and neurogenesis hypotheses have been developed. We then describe the details of these hypotheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuken Boku
- Department of Psychiatry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shin Nakagawa
- Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Toda
- Department of Psychiatry, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Akitoyo Hishimoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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Rogers J, Renoir T, Hannan AJ. Gene-environment interactions informing therapeutic approaches to cognitive and affective disorders. Neuropharmacology 2017; 145:37-48. [PMID: 29277490 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Gene-environment interactions drive experience-dependent changes in the brain that alter cognition, emotion and behaviour. Positive engagement with the environment, through novel experience and physical activity, can improve brain function, although the mechanisms mediating such experience-dependent plasticity remain to be fully elucidated. In this article, we discuss the therapeutic value of environmental stimuli, exercise and environmental enrichment (EE), for cognitive and affective disorders, with implications for the understanding and treatment of depression and anxiety disorders. We demonstrate that environmental manipulations are potential therapeutic strategies for improving outcomes in these psychiatric disorders, including beneficial impacts on cognition. We discuss how EE and exercise are therapeutic environmental interventions impacting both affective and cognitive function. Serotonergic (5-HTergic) signaling is strongly implicated in the manifestation of psychiatric disorders and regulates cognitive and emotional processing that can underpin them. Thus, we focus on evidence implicating the serotonergic system in mediating gene-environment interactions to EE and exercise. Finally, we discuss robust gene-environment interactions associated with EE and exercise interventions, and their impacts on specific brain areas, particularly the hippocampus. We focus on potential mediators of this experience-dependent plasticity, including adult neurogenesis and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Furthermore, we explore molecular and cellular mechanisms of experience-dependent plasticity that potentially underlie the restoration of affective and cognitive phenotypes, thus identifying novel therapeutic targets. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled "Neurobiology of Environmental Enrichment".
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake Rogers
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Thibault Renoir
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Anthony J Hannan
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.
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56
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Beltz BS, Benton JL. From Blood to Brain: Adult-Born Neurons in the Crayfish Brain Are the Progeny of Cells Generated by the Immune System. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:662. [PMID: 29270102 PMCID: PMC5725445 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
New neurons continue to be born and integrated into the brains of adult decapod crustaceans. Evidence in crayfish indicates that the 1st-generation neural precursors that generate these adult-born neurons originate in the immune system and travel to the neurogenic niche via the circulatory system. These precursors are attracted to the niche, become integrated amongst niche cells, and undergo mitosis within a few days; both daughters of this division migrate away from the niche toward the brain clusters where they will divide again and differentiate into neurons. In the crustacean brain, the rate of neuronal production is highly sensitive to serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) levels. These effects are lineage-dependent, as serotonin's influence is limited to late 2nd-generation neural precursors and their progeny. Experiments indicate that serotonin regulates adult neurogenesis in the crustacean brain by multiple mechanisms: via direct effects of serotonin released from brain neurons into the hemolymph or by local release onto target cells, or by indirect influences via a serotonin-mediated release of agents from other regions, such as hormones from the sinus gland and cytokines from hematopoietic tissues. Evidence in crayfish also indicates that serotonin mediates the attraction of neural precursors generated by the immune system to the neurogenic niche. Thus, studies in the crustacean brain have revealed multiple roles for this monoamine in adult neurogenesis, and identified several pathways by which serotonin influences the generation of new neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara S Beltz
- Neuroscience Program, Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA, United States
| | - Jeanne L Benton
- Neuroscience Program, Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA, United States
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57
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Rahim RS, St John JA, Crane DI, Meedeniya ACB. Impaired neurogenesis and associated gliosis in mouse brain with PEX13 deficiency. Mol Cell Neurosci 2017; 88:16-32. [PMID: 29187321 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2017.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Zellweger syndrome (ZS), a neonatal lethal disorder arising from defective peroxisome biogenesis, features profound neuroanatomical abnormalities and brain dysfunction. Here we used mice with brain-restricted inactivation of the peroxisome biogenesis gene PEX13 to model the pathophysiological features of ZS, and determine the impact of peroxisome dysfunction on neurogenesis and cell maturation in ZS. In the embryonic and postnatal PEX13 mutant brain, we demonstrate key regions with altered brain anatomy, including enlarged lateral ventricles and aberrant cortical, hippocampal and hypothalamic organization. To characterize the underlying mechanisms, we show a significant reduction in proliferation, migration, differentiation, and maturation of neural progenitors in embryonic E12.5 through to P3 animals. An increasing reactive gliosis in the PEX13 mutant brain started at E14.5 in association with the pathology. Together with impaired neurogenesis and associated gliosis, our data demonstrate increased cell death contributing to the hallmark brain anatomy of ZS. We provide unique data where impaired neurogenesis and migration are shown as critical events underlying the neuropathology and altered brain function of mice with peroxisome deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rani Sadia Rahim
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, School of Natural Sciences, Griffith University, Qld, Australia
| | - James A St John
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, School of Natural Sciences, Griffith University, Qld, Australia; Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Australia; Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Qld, Australia
| | - Denis I Crane
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, School of Natural Sciences, Griffith University, Qld, Australia.
| | - Adrian C B Meedeniya
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Qld, Australia; Interdisciplinary Centre for Innovations in Biotechnology & Neurosciences, University of Sri Jayawardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka.
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58
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Taupin
- National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore
- National University of Singapore
- Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
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59
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Fornaro M, Solmi M, Veronese N, De Berardis D, Buonaguro EF, Tomasetti C, Perna G, Preti A, Carta MG. The burden of mood-disorder/cerebrovascular disease comorbidity: essential neurobiology, psychopharmacology, and physical activity interventions. Int Rev Psychiatry 2017; 29:425-435. [PMID: 28681620 DOI: 10.1080/09540261.2017.1299695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardio-vascular diseases (CVDs) and CVD-related disorders (including cerebrovascular diseases; CBVDs) are a major public health concern as they represent the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in developed countries. Patients with CVDs and CBVDs co-morbid with mood disorders, especially bipolar disorder (BD) and major depressive disorder (MDD), suffer reduced quality-of-life and significant disability adjusted for years of life and mortality. The relationship between CVDs/CBVDs and mood disorders is likely to be bidirectional. Evidence for shared genetic risk of pathways involved in stress reaction, serotonin or dopamine signalling, circadian rhythms, and energy balance was reported in genome-wide association studies. There is some evidence of a neuroprotective effect of various antidepressants, which may be boosted by physical exercise, especially by aerobic ones. Patients with CVDs/CBVDs should be routinely attentively evaluated for the presence of mood disorders, with tools aimed at detecting both symptoms of depression and of hypomania/mania. Behavioural lifestyle interventions targeting nutrition and exercise, coping strategies, and attitudes towards health should be routinely provided to patients with mood disorders, to prevent the risk of CVDs/CBVDs. A narrative review of the evidence is herein provided, focusing on pharmacological and physical therapy interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Fornaro
- a Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology , School of Medicine 'Federico II' Naples , Naples , Italy.,b Department of Psychiatry , Columbia University Medical Center, New York State Psychiatric Institute , New York , NY , USA
| | - Marco Solmi
- c Neuroscience Department , University of Padua , Padua , Italy.,d Institute for Clinical Research and Education in Medicine, I.R.E.M , Padua , Italy
| | - Nicola Veronese
- d Institute for Clinical Research and Education in Medicine, I.R.E.M , Padua , Italy.,e Department of Medicine (DIMED), Geriatrics Division , University of Padova , Padova , Italy
| | - Domenico De Berardis
- f Health Service, Department of Mental Health, Psychiatric Service of Diagnosis and Treatment , Hospital 'G. Mazzini' , Teramo , Italy
| | - Elisabetta Filomena Buonaguro
- a Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology , School of Medicine 'Federico II' Naples , Naples , Italy
| | - Carmine Tomasetti
- a Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology , School of Medicine 'Federico II' Naples , Naples , Italy
| | - Giampaolo Perna
- g Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology , Maastricht University , Maastricht , Netherlands.,h Department of Clinical Neurosciences, FoRiPsi , Hermanas Hospitalarias-Villa San Benedetto Menni Hospital , Albese con Cassano , Como , Italy.,i Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, Leonard Miller School of Medicine , University of Miami , Miami , FL , USA
| | - Antonio Preti
- j Center of Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatics , University Hospital, University of Cagliari , Monserrato , Cagliari , Italy
| | - Mauro Giovanni Carta
- k Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine , University of Cagliari , Monserrato , Cagliari , Italy
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60
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Mercante B, Enrico P, Floris G, Quartu M, Boi M, Serra MP, Follesa P, Deriu F. Trigeminal nerve stimulation induces Fos immunoreactivity in selected brain regions, increases hippocampal cell proliferation and reduces seizure severity in rats. Neuroscience 2017; 361:69-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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61
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Castilla-Ortega E, Ladrón de Guevara-Miranda D, Serrano A, Pavón FJ, Suárez J, Rodríguez de Fonseca F, Santín LJ. The impact of cocaine on adult hippocampal neurogenesis: Potential neurobiological mechanisms and contributions to maladaptive cognition in cocaine addiction disorder. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 141:100-117. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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62
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Matsue K, Minakawa S, Kashiwagi T, Toda K, Sato T, Shioda S, Seki T. Dentate granule progenitor cell properties are rapidly altered soon after birth. Brain Struct Funct 2017; 223:357-369. [PMID: 28836044 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-017-1499-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neurogenesis occurs during the embryonic period and ceases soon after birth in the neocortex, but continues to occur in the hippocampus even in the adult. The embryonic neocortex has radial glia or progenitor cells expressing brain lipid-binding protein (BLBP), whereas the adult hippocampus has radial granule progenitor cells expressing BLBP and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in the subgranular zone. We previously found that embryonic hippocampal granule progenitor cells express GFAP, but not BLBP, indicating that these cells are different from both embryonic neocortical and adult granule progenitor cells. In the present study, as the first step towards understanding the mechanism of persistent hippocampal neurogenesis, we aimed to determine the stage at which embryonic-type granule progenitors become adult-type progenitors using mouse Gfap-GFP transgenic mice. During the embryonic stages, Gfap-GFP-positive (Gfap-GFP+) cells were distributed in the entire developing dentate gyrus (DG), whereas BLBP-positive (BLBP+) cells were mainly present in the fimbria and subpial region, and to some extent in the DG. Up to postnatal day 0 (P0), double-positive cells were scarcely detected. However, at P1, one-third of the Gfap-GFP+ cells in the DG suddenly began to weakly express BLBP. Thereafter, Gfap-GFP+/BLBP+ cells rapidly increased in number, and extended their radial processes in the inner granular cell layer. At P14 and in the adult, two-thirds of the Gfap-GFP+ cells in the subgranular zone showed BLBP immunoreactivity. These results suggest that the properties of hippocampal granule progenitor cells are rapidly altered from an embryonic to adult type soon after birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Matsue
- Department of Histology and Neuroanatomy, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8402, Japan
| | - Shiori Minakawa
- Department of Histology and Neuroanatomy, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8402, Japan
| | - Taichi Kashiwagi
- Department of Histology and Neuroanatomy, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8402, Japan
| | - Keiko Toda
- Department of Histology and Neuroanatomy, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8402, Japan
| | - Toru Sato
- Department of Histology and Neuroanatomy, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8402, Japan
| | - Seiji Shioda
- Institute for Advanced Bioscience Research, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsunori Seki
- Department of Histology and Neuroanatomy, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8402, Japan.
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63
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Gao C, Wang Q, Chung SK, Shen J. Crosstalk of metabolic factors and neurogenic signaling in adult neurogenesis: Implication of metabolic regulation for mental and neurological diseases. Neurochem Int 2017; 106:24-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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64
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Lobeline attenuates ethanol abstinence-induced depression-like behavior in mice. Alcohol 2017; 61:63-70. [PMID: 28554528 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2017.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Evidence indicates that the brain nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChRs) ligand lobeline reduces depression-like behaviors, ethanol drinking, and nicotine withdrawal-induced depression-like behaviors. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of lobeline on ethanol abstinence-induced depression-like behavior and associated neuroadaptive changes in mice. Adult C57BL/6J male mice were allowed to drink 10% ethanol for 4 weeks using a two-bottle choice procedure. Mice were tested after 24 h and 14 days of ethanol abstinence in a forced swim test (FST), a measure for depression-like behavior. Acute lobeline treatment (1 mg/kg) significantly reduced immobility time compared to controls after 24 h and 14 days of abstinence. In addition, abstinence from chronic ethanol exposure reduced serotonin levels in the hippocampus, which was reversed by acute lobeline treatment. Repeated lobeline treatment (1 mg/kg, once daily) for 14 days during ethanol abstinence also significantly reduced FST immobility in mice exposed to ethanol. Chronic ethanol exposure significantly reduced the number of 5-bromo 2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU)-positive cells in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, indicating decreased hippocampal cell proliferation. Abstinence from chronic ethanol exposure also decreased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the dentate gyrus and CA3 region of the hippocampus. In contrast, repeated lobeline treatment significantly increased both BrdU- and BDNF-positive cells. Taken together, our results indicate that lobeline produced antidepressant-like effects, likely by targeting brain β2-containing nAChRs, serotonergic neurotransmission, and/or hippocampal cell proliferation. Therefore, lobeline may have therapeutic utility to treat alcohol abstinence-induced depression.
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65
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Roni MA, Rahman S. Lobeline attenuates ethanol abstinence-induced depression-like behavior in mice. Alcohol 2017. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.alcohol.2017.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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66
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Ottoboni L, Merlini A, Martino G. Neural Stem Cell Plasticity: Advantages in Therapy for the Injured Central Nervous System. Front Cell Dev Biol 2017; 5:52. [PMID: 28553634 PMCID: PMC5427132 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2017.00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The physiological and pathological properties of the neural germinal stem cell niche have been well-studied in the past 30 years, mainly in animals and within given limits in humans, and knowledge is available for the cyto-architectonic structure, the cellular components, the timing of development and the energetic maintenance of the niche, as well as for the therapeutic potential and the cross talk between neural and immune cells. In recent years we have gained detailed understanding of the potentiality of neural stem cells (NSCs), although we are only beginning to understand their molecular, metabolic, and epigenetic profile in physiopathology and, further, more can be invested to measure quantitatively the activity of those cells, to model in vitro their therapeutic responses or to predict interactions in silico. Information in this direction has been put forward for other organs but is still limited in the complex and very less accessible context of the brain. A comprehensive understanding of the behavior of endogenous NSCs will help to tune or model them toward a desired response in order to treat complex neurodegenerative diseases. NSCs have the ability to modulate multiple cellular functions and exploiting their plasticity might make them into potent and versatile cellular drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Ottoboni
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilan, Italy
| | - Arianna Merlini
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilan, Italy
| | - Gianvito Martino
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilan, Italy
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67
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Metabolic Factors and Adult Neurogenesis: Impacts of Chinese Herbal Medicine on Brain Repair in Neurological Diseases. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2017; 135:117-147. [PMID: 28807156 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2017.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis plays the important roles in animal cognitive and emotional behaviors. Abnormal proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) usually associate with the neural dysfunctions induced by different brain disorders. Therefore, targeting neurogenic factors could be a promoting strategy for neural regeneration and brain repair. Importantly, epidemiological studies suggest metabolism disorders like diabetes and obesity significantly increase the risk of neurological and psychiatric diseases. A large number of studies indicate that metabolic factors could serve as the modulators to adult neurogenesis, providing the potentials of metabolic factors to regulate NSCs growth and neural regeneration therapy. This chapter reviews the current studies on the roles of metabolic factors in modulating adult neurogenesis and evaluates the potentials of Chinese Herbal Medicine (CHM) for the treatment of neurological or psychiatric disorders by targeting the metabolic factors. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) including CHM and acupuncture is now widely applied for the treatment of metabolic diseases, and neurological diseases in Asia, because its' therapeutic principles meet the multiple targets and complexity characteristics of most neurological disorders. Different studies indicate that there are many active compounds perform the regulations to metabolic factors and promoting neurogenesis. This chapter systematically summarizes the current progress and understanding of the active compounds and their underlying mechanisms of CHM formulas for promoting neurogenesis. Many CHM formulas and their active ingredients that originally used for metabolic disorders show the promising effects on mediating neurogenesis and brain repair for the treatments of neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, further investigations about the relationship between neurogenesis and metabolic regulations of CHM will bring new insights into understanding the mechanisms of adult neurogenesis and provide great opportunities to develop new therapeutic strategies for neurological diseases. Those studies will provide scientific guidance to develop the drugs from TCM resource.
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Kraus C, Castrén E, Kasper S, Lanzenberger R. Serotonin and neuroplasticity - Links between molecular, functional and structural pathophysiology in depression. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 77:317-326. [PMID: 28342763 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin modulates neuroplasticity, especially during early life, and dysfunctions in both systems likewise contribute to pathophysiology of depression. Recent findings demonstrate that serotonin reuptake inhibitors trigger reactivation of juvenile-like neuroplasticity. How these findings translate to clinical antidepressant treatment in major depressive disorder remains unclear. With this review, we link preclinical with clinical work on serotonin and neuroplasticity to bring two pathophysiologic models in clinical depression closer together. Dysfunctional developmental plasticity impacts on later-life cognitive and emotional functions, changes of synaptic serotonin levels and receptor levels are coupled with altered synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis. Structural magnetic resonance imaging in patients reveals disease-state-specific reductions of gray matter, a marker of neuroplasticity, and reversibility upon selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor treatment. Translational evidence from magnetic resonance imaging in animals support that reduced densities and sizes of neurons and reduced hippocampal volumes in depressive patients could be attributable to changes of serotonergic neuroplasticity. Since ketamine, physical exercise or learning enhance neuroplasticity, combinatory paradigms with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors could enhance clinical treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Kraus
- NEUROIMAGING LABs (NIL) - PET & MRI & EEG & Chemical Lab Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Medical University of Vienna
| | - Eero Castrén
- Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Siegfried Kasper
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria(1)
| | - Rupert Lanzenberger
- NEUROIMAGING LABs (NIL) - PET & MRI & EEG & Chemical Lab Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Medical University of Vienna.
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Recent Advances in Neurogenic Small Molecules as Innovative Treatments for Neurodegenerative Diseases. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21091165. [PMID: 27598108 PMCID: PMC6273783 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21091165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The central nervous system of adult mammals has long been considered as a complex static structure unable to undergo any regenerative process to refurbish its dead nodes. This dogma was challenged by Altman in the 1960s and neuron self-renewal has been demonstrated ever since in many species, including humans. Aging, neurodegenerative, and some mental diseases are associated with an exponential decrease in brain neurogenesis. Therefore, the controlled pharmacological stimulation of the endogenous neural stem cells (NSCs) niches might counteract the neuronal loss in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and other pathologies, opening an exciting new therapeutic avenue. In the last years, druggable molecular targets and signalling pathways involved in neurogenic processes have been identified, and as a consequence, different drug types have been developed and tested in neuronal plasticity. This review focuses on recent advances in neurogenic agents acting at serotonin and/or melatonin systems, Wnt/β-catenin pathway, sigma receptors, nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) and nuclear erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2).
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70
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Lieberwirth C, Pan Y, Liu Y, Zhang Z, Wang Z. Hippocampal adult neurogenesis: Its regulation and potential role in spatial learning and memory. Brain Res 2016; 1644:127-40. [PMID: 27174001 PMCID: PMC5064285 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis, defined here as progenitor cell division generating functionally integrated neurons in the adult brain, occurs within the hippocampus of numerous mammalian species including humans. The present review details various endogenous (e.g., neurotransmitters) and environmental (e.g., physical exercise) factors that have been shown to influence hippocampal adult neurogenesis. In addition, the potential involvement of adult-generated neurons in naturally-occurring spatial learning behavior is discussed by summarizing the literature focusing on traditional animal models (e.g., rats and mice), non-traditional animal models (e.g., tree shrews), as well as natural populations (e.g., chickadees and Siberian chipmunk).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yongliang Pan
- Program in Molecular and Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents in Agriculture, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, PR China.
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-1270, USA
| | - Zhibin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents in Agriculture, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Zuoxin Wang
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-1270, USA
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71
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Song J, Olsen RHJ, Sun J, Ming GL, Song H. Neuronal Circuitry Mechanisms Regulating Adult Mammalian Neurogenesis. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2016; 8:cshperspect.a018937. [PMID: 27143698 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a018937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The adult mammalian brain is a dynamic structure, capable of remodeling in response to various physiological and pathological stimuli. One dramatic example of brain plasticity is the birth and subsequent integration of newborn neurons into the existing circuitry. This process, termed adult neurogenesis, recapitulates neural developmental events in two specialized adult brain regions: the lateral ventricles of the forebrain. Recent studies have begun to delineate how the existing neuronal circuits influence the dynamic process of adult neurogenesis, from activation of quiescent neural stem cells (NSCs) to the integration and survival of newborn neurons. Here, we review recent progress toward understanding the circuit-based regulation of adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus and olfactory bulb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Song
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacology Training Program, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 Neuroscience Center and Neurobiology Curriculum, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Reid H J Olsen
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacology Training Program, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Jiaqi Sun
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205 School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Guo-Li Ming
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205 Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205 The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205 Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana 70130-2685
| | - Hongjun Song
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205 Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205 The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205 Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana 70130-2685
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Abstract
The theory of clinical depression presented here integrates etiological factors, changes in specific structural and cellular substrates, ensuing symptomatology, and treatment and prevention. According to this theory, important etiological factors, such as stress, can suppress the production of new neurons in the adult human brain, thereby precipitating or maintaining a depressive episode. Most current treatments for depression are known to elevate brain serotonin neurotransmission, and such increases in serotonin have been shown to significantly augment the ongoing rate of neurogenesis, providing the neural substrate for new cognitions to be formed, and thereby facilitating recovery from the depressive episode. This theory also points to treatments that augment neurogenesis as new therapeutic opportunities.
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73
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Foltran RB, Diaz SL. BDNF isoforms: a round trip ticket between neurogenesis and serotonin? J Neurochem 2016; 138:204-21. [PMID: 27167299 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The brain-derived neurotrophic factor, BDNF, was discovered more than 30 years ago and, like other members of the neurotrophin family, this neuropeptide is synthetized as a proneurotrophin, the pro-BDNF, which is further cleaved to yield mature BDNF. The myriad of actions of these two BDNF isoforms in the central nervous system is constantly increasing and requires the development of sophisticated tools and animal models to refine our understanding. This review is focused on BDNF isoforms, their participation in the process of neurogenesis taking place in the hippocampus of adult mammals, and the modulation of their expression by serotonergic agents. Interestingly, around this triumvirate of BDNF, serotonin, and neurogenesis, a series of recent research has emerged with apparently counterintuitive results. This calls for an exhaustive analysis of the data published so far and encourages thorough work in the quest for new hypotheses in the field. BDNF is synthetized as a pre-proneurotrophin. After removal of the pre-region, proBDNF can be cleaved by intracellular or extracellular proteases. Mature BDNF can bind TrkB receptors, promoting their homodimerization and intracellular phosphorylation. Phosphorylated-TrkB can activate three different signaling pathways. Whereas G-protein-coupled receptors can transactivate TrkB receptors, truncated forms can inhibit mBDNF signaling. Pro-BDNF binds p75(NTR) by its mature domain, whereas the pro-region binds co-receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Beatriz Foltran
- Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencias Prof. E. De Robertis, CONICET-UBA, Fac. de Medicina - UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvina Laura Diaz
- Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencias Prof. E. De Robertis, CONICET-UBA, Fac. de Medicina - UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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74
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Lim DA, Alvarez-Buylla A. The Adult Ventricular-Subventricular Zone (V-SVZ) and Olfactory Bulb (OB) Neurogenesis. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2016; 8:cshperspect.a018820. [PMID: 27048191 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a018820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 427] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A large population of neural stem/precursor cells (NSCs) persists in the ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ) located in the walls of the lateral brain ventricles. V-SVZ NSCs produce large numbers of neuroblasts that migrate a long distance into the olfactory bulb (OB) where they differentiate into local circuit interneurons. Here, we review a broad range of discoveries that have emerged from studies of postnatal V-SVZ neurogenesis: the identification of NSCs as a subpopulation of astroglial cells, the neurogenic lineage, new mechanisms of neuronal migration, and molecular regulators of precursor cell proliferation and migration. It has also become evident that V-SVZ NSCs are regionally heterogeneous, with NSCs located in different regions of the ventricle wall generating distinct OB interneuron subtypes. Insights into the developmental origins and molecular mechanisms that underlie the regional specification of V-SVZ NSCs have also begun to emerge. Other recent studies have revealed new cell-intrinsic molecular mechanisms that enable lifelong neurogenesis in the V-SVZ. Finally, we discuss intriguing differences between the rodent V-SVZ and the corresponding human brain region. The rapidly expanding cellular and molecular knowledge of V-SVZ NSC biology provides key insights into postnatal neural development, the origin of brain tumors, and may inform the development regenerative therapies from cultured and endogenous human neural precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Lim
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research at UCSF, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Arturo Alvarez-Buylla
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research at UCSF, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143
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75
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Pardal R, López Barneo J. Mature neurons modulate neurogenesis through chemical signals acting on neural stem cells. Dev Growth Differ 2016; 58:456-62. [PMID: 27101323 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of neural stem cells has revealed a much higher structural and functional plasticity in the adult nervous system than previously anticipated. Progenitor cells are able to give rise to new neurons and glial cells when needed, thanks to their surveillance of the environment from the germinal niches. Multiple different factors define neural stem cell niches, including cellular and non-cellular components. Innervation of neurogenic centers is crucial, as it allows the functional connection between stem cell behavior and surrounding neuronal activity. Although the association between organismal behavior and neurogenesis is well documented, much less is known about the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which neurons control stem cell activity. In this review we discuss the existing data on this type of regulation from the three best characterized germinal niches in the adult nervous system: the subventricular zone, the hippocampal subgranular zone, and the carotid body. In all cases, neuronal activity modulates stem cell behavior either by neurotransmitter spillover or by synaptic-like contacts. Currently, the molecular mechanisms underlying mature neuron-stem cell interaction are being clarified. Functional consequences and potential clinical relevance of these phenomena are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Pardal
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.,Departamento de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - José López Barneo
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.,Departamento de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
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76
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Mahmoud R, Wainwright SR, Galea LAM. Sex hormones and adult hippocampal neurogenesis: Regulation, implications, and potential mechanisms. Front Neuroendocrinol 2016; 41:129-52. [PMID: 26988999 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 03/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Neurogenesis within the adult hippocampus is modulated by endogenous and exogenous factors. Here, we review the role of sex hormones in the regulation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis in males and females. The review is framed around the potential functional implications of sex hormone regulation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis, with a focus on cognitive function and mood regulation, which may be related to sex differences in incidence and severity of dementia and depression. We present findings from preclinical studies of endogenous fluctuations in sex hormones relating to reproductive function and ageing, and from studies of exogenous hormone manipulations. In addition, we discuss the modulating roles of sex, age, and reproductive history on the relationship between sex hormones and neurogenesis. Because sex hormones have diverse targets in the central nervous system, we overview potential mechanisms through which sex hormones may influence hippocampal neurogenesis. Lastly, we advocate for a more systematic consideration of sex and sex hormones in studying the functional implications of adult hippocampal neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rand Mahmoud
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Steven R Wainwright
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Liisa A M Galea
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
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77
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Weig BC, Richardson JR, Lowndes HE, Reuhl KR. Trimethyltin intoxication induces the migration of ventricular/subventricular zone cells to the injured murine hippocampus. Neurotoxicology 2016; 54:72-80. [PMID: 27045884 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2016.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Following the postnatal decline of cell proliferation in the mammalian central nervous system, the adult brain retains progenitor cells with stem cell-like properties in the subventricular zone (SVZ) and the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the hippocampus. Brain injury can stimulate proliferation and redirect the migration pattern of SVZ precursor cells to the injury site. Sublethal exposure to the neurotoxicant trimethyltin (TMT) causes dose-dependent necrosis and apoptosis in the hippocampus dentate gyrus and increases SGZ stem cell proliferation to generate new granule cells. To determine whether SVZ cells also contribute to the repopulation of the TMT-damaged dentate gyrus, 6-8 week old male C3H mice were injected with the carbocyanine dye spDiI and bromodeoxyuridine (80mg/kg; ip.) to label ventricular cells prior to TMT exposure. The presence of labeled cells in hippocampus was determined 7 and 28days after TMT exposure. No significant change in the number of BrdU(+) and spDiI(+) cells was observed in the dentate gyrus 7days after TMT treatment. However, 28days after TMT treatment there was a 3-4 fold increase in the number of spDiI-labeled cells in the hippocampal hilus and dentate gyrus. Few spDiI(+) cells stained positive for the mature phenotypic markers NeuN or GFAP, suggesting they may represent undifferentiated cells. A small percentage of migrating cells were BrdU(+)/spDiI(+), indicating some newly produced, SVZ- derived precursors migrated to the hippocampus. Taken together, these data suggest that TMT-induced injury of the hippocampus can stimulate the migration of ventricular zone-derived cells to injured dentate gyrus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blair C Weig
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy and Joint Program in Toxicology, Rutgers Biomedical Health Sciences, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Jason R Richardson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy and Joint Program in Toxicology, Rutgers Biomedical Health Sciences, Piscataway, NJ, United States; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, United States
| | - Herbert E Lowndes
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy and Joint Program in Toxicology, Rutgers Biomedical Health Sciences, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Kenneth R Reuhl
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy and Joint Program in Toxicology, Rutgers Biomedical Health Sciences, Piscataway, NJ, United States.
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78
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Salvi R, Steigleder T, Schlachetzki JCM, Waldmann E, Schwab S, Winner B, Winkler J, Kohl Z. Distinct Effects of Chronic Dopaminergic Stimulation on Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Striatal Doublecortin Expression in Adult Mice. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:77. [PMID: 27013940 PMCID: PMC4786557 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
While adult neurogenesis is considered to be restricted to the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) and the subventricular zone (SVZ), recent studies in humans and rodents provide evidence for newly generated neurons in regions generally considered as non-neurogenic, e.g., the striatum. Stimulating dopaminergic neurotransmission has the potential to enhance adult neurogenesis in the SVZ and the DG most likely via D2/D3 dopamine (DA) receptors. Here, we investigated the effect of two distinct preferential D2/D3 DA agonists, Pramipexole (PPX), and Ropinirole (ROP), on adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus and striatum of adult naïve mice. To determine newly generated cells in the DG incorporating 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) a proliferation paradigm was performed in which two BrdU injections (100 mg/kg) were applied intraperitoneally within 12 h after a 14-days-DA agonist treatment. Interestingly, PPX, but not ROP significantly enhanced the proliferation in the DG by 42% compared to phosphate buffered saline (PBS)-injected control mice. To analyze the proportion of newly generated cells differentiating into mature neurons, we quantified cells co-expressing BrdU and Neuronal Nuclei (NeuN) 32 days after the last of five BrdU injections (50 mg/kg) applied at the beginning of 14-days DA agonist or PBS administration. Again, PPX only enhanced neurogenesis in the DG significantly compared to ROP- and PBS-injected mice. Moreover, we explored the pro-neurogenic effect of both DA agonists in the striatum by quantifying neuroblasts expressing doublecortin (DCX) in the entire striatum, as well as in the dorsal and ventral sub-regions separately. We observed a significantly higher number of DCX(+) neuroblasts in the dorsal compared to the ventral sub-region of the striatum in PPX-injected mice. These results suggest that the stimulation of hippocampal and dorsal striatal neurogenesis may be up-regulated by PPX. The increased generation of neural cells, both in constitutively active and quiescent neurogenic niches, might be related to the proportional higher D3 receptor affinity of PPX, non-dopaminergic effects of PPX, or altered motor behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachele Salvi
- Department of Molecular Neurology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tobias Steigleder
- Department of Neurology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-NürnbergErlangen, Germany; Department of Palliative Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-NürnbergErlangen, Germany
| | - Johannes C M Schlachetzki
- Department of Molecular Neurology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-NürnbergErlangen, Germany; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of CaliforniaSan Diego, CA, USA
| | - Elisabeth Waldmann
- Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefan Schwab
- Department of Neurology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg Erlangen, Germany
| | - Beate Winner
- IZKF Junior Research Group III and BMBF Research Group Neuroscience, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Winkler
- Department of Molecular Neurology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg Erlangen, Germany
| | - Zacharias Kohl
- Department of Molecular Neurology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg Erlangen, Germany
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79
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Brummelte S, Mc Glanaghy E, Bonnin A, Oberlander TF. Developmental changes in serotonin signaling: Implications for early brain function, behavior and adaptation. Neuroscience 2016; 342:212-231. [PMID: 26905950 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The neurotransmitter serotonin (5-HT) plays a central role in brain development, regulation of mood, stress reactivity and risk of psychiatric disorders, and thus alterations in 5-HT signaling early in life have critical implications for behavior and mental health across the life span. Drawing on preclinical and emerging human evidence this narrative review paper will examine three key aspects when considering the consequences of early life changes in 5-HT: (1) developmental origins of variations of 5-HT signaling; (2) influence of genetic and epigenetic factors; and (3) preclinical and clinical consequences of 5-HT-related changes associated with antidepressant exposure (SSRIs). The developmental consequences of altered prenatal 5-HT signaling varies greatly and outcomes depend on an ongoing interplay between biological (genetic/epigenetic variations) and environmental factors, both pre and postnatally. Emerging evidence suggests that variations in 5-HT signaling may increase sensitivity to risky home environments, but may also amplify a positive response to a nurturing environment. In this sense, factors that change central 5-HT levels may act as 'plasticity' rather than 'risk' factors associated with developmental vulnerability. Understanding the impact of early changes in 5-HT levels offers critical insights that might explain the variations in early typical brain development that underlies behavioral risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Brummelte
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, 5057 Woodward Avenue, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
| | - E Mc Glanaghy
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Child & Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - A Bonnin
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute and Department of Cell and Neurobiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - T F Oberlander
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Child & Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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80
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Rivera FJ, Kazanis I, Ghevaert C, Aigner L. Beyond Clotting: A Role of Platelets in CNS Repair? Front Cell Neurosci 2016; 9:511. [PMID: 26834562 PMCID: PMC4718976 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Rivera
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University SalzburgSalzburg, Austria; Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University SalzburgSalzburg, Austria
| | - Ilias Kazanis
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Wellcome Trust-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of CambridgeCambridge, UK; Department of Biology, University of PatrasPatras, Greece
| | - Cedric Ghevaert
- Department of Haematology, University of CambridgeCambridge, UK; National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical CampusCambridge, UK
| | - Ludwig Aigner
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University SalzburgSalzburg, Austria; Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University SalzburgSalzburg, Austria
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81
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Apple DM, Fonseca RS, Kokovay E. The role of adult neurogenesis in psychiatric and cognitive disorders. Brain Res 2016; 1655:270-276. [PMID: 26801829 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Neurogenesis in mammals occurs throughout life in two brain regions: the ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ) and the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the hippocampal dentate gyrus. Development and regulation of the V-SVZ and SGZ is unique to each brain region, but with several similar characteristics. Alterations to the production of new neurons in neurogenic regions have been linked to psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. Decline in neurogenesis in the SGZ correlates with affective and psychiatric disorders, and can be reversed by antidepressant and antipsychotic drugs. Likewise, neurogenesis in the V-SVZ can also be enhanced by antidepressant drugs. The regulation of neurogenesis by neurotransmitters, particularly monoamines, in both regions suggests that aberrant neurotransmitter signaling observed in psychiatric disease may play a role in the pathology of these mental health disorders. Similarly, the cognitive deficits that accompany neurodegenerative disease may also be exacerbated by decreased neurogenesis. This review explores the regulation and function of neural stem cells in rodents and humans, and the involvement of factors that contribute to psychiatric and cognitive deficits. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled SI:StemsCellsinPsychiatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deana M Apple
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, 7703, Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, United States.
| | - Rene Solano Fonseca
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, 7703, Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, United States
| | - Erzsebet Kokovay
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, 7703, Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, United States
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Ciudad-Roberts A, Duart-Castells L, Camarasa J, Pubill D, Escubedo E. The combination of ethanol with mephedrone increases the signs of neurotoxicity and impairs neurogenesis and learning in adolescent CD-1 mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2015; 293:10-20. [PMID: 26747301 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2015.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A new family of psychostimulants, under the name of cathinones, has broken into the market in the last decade. In light of the fact that around 95% of cathinone consumers have been reported to combine them with alcoholic drinks, we sought to study the consequences of the concomitant administration of ethanol on mephedrone -induced neurotoxicity. Adolescent male Swiss-CD1 mice were administered four times in one day, every 2h, with saline, mephedrone (25mg/kg), ethanol (2; 1.5; 1.5; 1g/kg) and their combination at a room temperature of 26±2°C. The combination with ethanol impaired mephedrone-induced decreases in dopamine transporter and tyrosine hydroxylase in the frontal cortex; and in serotonin transporter and tryptophan hydroxylase in the hippocampus by approximately 2-fold, 7days post-treatment. Furthermore, these decreases correlated with a 2-fold increase in lipid peroxidation, measured as concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA), 24h post-treatment, and were accompanied by changes in oxidative stress-related enzymes. Ethanol also notably potentiated mephedrone-induced negative effects on learning and memory, as well as hippocampal neurogenesis, measured through the Morris water maze (MWM) and 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine staining, respectively. These results are of special significance, since alcohol is widely co-abused with amphetamine derivatives such as mephedrone, especially during adolescence, a crucial stage in brain maturation. Given that the hippocampus is greatly involved in learning and memory processes, normal brain development in young adults could be affected with permanent behavioral consequences after this type of drug co-abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Ciudad-Roberts
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Chemistry (Pharmacology Section); Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Leticia Duart-Castells
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Chemistry (Pharmacology Section); Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jorge Camarasa
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Chemistry (Pharmacology Section); Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Pubill
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Chemistry (Pharmacology Section); Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Elena Escubedo
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Chemistry (Pharmacology Section); Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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83
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Prabhakar V, Gupta D, Kanade P, Radhakrishnan M. Diabetes-associated depression: the serotonergic system as a novel multifunctional target. Indian J Pharmacol 2015; 47:4-10. [PMID: 25821303 PMCID: PMC4375817 DOI: 10.4103/0253-7613.150305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2013] [Revised: 11/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes associated depression is a largely understudied field which nonetheless carries a significant disease burden. The very low therapeutic efficacy of the existing conventional drugs with poor outcome may be, in part, due to uncertainty of the mechanism involved that clearly explains the existing comorbidity. The main purpose of this review was to address the sophisticated mechanisms of this comorbidity with a view of developing potential novel targets with higher efficacy and specificity. Data were collected from database searches including PubMed, references from relevant English language research/review articles and other official publications. Articles from 1990 to 2013 were included, and a broad search term criteria were followed for data mining so that relevant information was not missed out. Some of the search terms used included; diabetes-induced depression, diabetes and serotonin, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and diabetes and glucocorticoids in diabetes. Neuropathologically, depletion of brain monoaminergic activity specifically the serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT]) system, due to chronically persisting diabetic state may lead to the mood and behavioral complications that further add on worsening the quality life years. The 5-HT system through multifunctional tasks regulates neurogenesis and plasticity and by complex receptor mechanism controls the emotional and behavioral activity. Persisting hyperglycemia leads to impaired neurogenesis, decreased synaptic plasticity, undesired neuro-anatomical alterations, neurochemical deficits, and reduced neurotransmitter activity. The neurotrophic factors and secondary messenger functions affected at molecular and genetic levels indicate the impact of diabetes-mediated dysregulation on neuronal circuits. HPA activity, glycogen synthase kinase 3, and insulin signaling controls were also found to be hampered, interlinked to 5-HT system following diabetic progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Visakh Prabhakar
- Department of Pharmacy and, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Rajasthan, India
| | - Deepali Gupta
- Department of Pharmacy and, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Rajasthan, India
| | - Prateek Kanade
- Department of Pharmacy and, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Rajasthan, India
| | - Mahesh Radhakrishnan
- Department of Pharmacy and, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Rajasthan, India
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84
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Kuhn HG. Control of Cell Survival in Adult Mammalian Neurogenesis. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2015; 7:cshperspect.a018895. [PMID: 26511628 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a018895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The fact that continuous proliferation of stem cells and progenitors, as well as the production of new neurons, occurs in the adult mammalian central nervous system (CNS) raises several basic questions concerning the number of neurons required in a particular system. Can we observe continued growth of brain regions that sustain neurogenesis? Or does an elimination mechanism exist to maintain a constant number of cells? If so, are old neurons replaced, or are the new neurons competing for limited network access among each other? What signals support their survival and integration and what factors are responsible for their elimination? This review will address these and other questions regarding regulatory mechanisms that control cell-death and cell-survival mechanisms during neurogenesis in the intact adult mammalian brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Georg Kuhn
- Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 413 90, Sweden
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85
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The antidepressant mechanism of action of vagus nerve stimulation: Evidence from preclinical studies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2015; 56:26-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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86
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87
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Sárvári M, Kalló I, Hrabovszky E, Solymosi N, Rodolosse A, Vastagh C, Auer H, Liposits Z. Hippocampal Gene Expression Is Highly Responsive to Estradiol Replacement in Middle-Aged Female Rats. Endocrinology 2015; 156:2632-45. [PMID: 25924104 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In the hippocampus, estrogens are powerful modulators of neurotransmission, synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis. In women, menopause is associated with increased risk of memory disturbances, which can be attenuated by timely estrogen therapy. In animal models of menopause, 17β-estradiol (E2) replacement improves hippocampus-dependent spatial memory. Here, we explored the effect of E2 replacement on hippocampal gene expression in a rat menopause model. Middle-aged ovariectomized female rats were treated continuously for 29 days with E2, and then, the hippocampal transcriptome was investigated with Affymetrix expression arrays. Microarray data were analyzed by Bioconductor packages and web-based softwares, and verified with quantitative PCR. At standard fold change selection criterion, 156 genes responded to E2. All alterations but 4 were transcriptional activation. Robust activation (fold change > 10) occurred in the case of transthyretin, klotho, claudin 2, prolactin receptor, ectodin, coagulation factor V, Igf2, Igfbp2, and sodium/sulfate symporter. Classification of the 156 genes revealed major groups, including signaling (35 genes), metabolism (31 genes), extracellular matrix (17 genes), and transcription (16 genes). We selected 33 genes for further studies, and all changes were confirmed by real-time PCR. The results suggest that E2 promotes retinoid, growth factor, homeoprotein, neurohormone, and neurotransmitter signaling, changes metabolism, extracellular matrix composition, and transcription, and induces protective mechanisms via genomic effects. We propose that these mechanisms contribute to effects of E2 on neurogenesis, neural plasticity, and memory functions. Our findings provide further support for the rationale to develop safe estrogen receptor ligands for the maintenance of cognitive performance in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miklós Sárvári
- Laboratory of Endocrine Neurobiology (M.S., I.K., E.H., C.V., Z.L.), Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1083 Budapest, Hungary; Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics (I.K., Z.L.), Pázmány Péter Catholic University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary; Faculty of Veterinary Science (N.S.), Szent István University, 1078 Budapest, Hungary; Functional Genomics Core (A.R.), Institute for Research in Biomedicine, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; and Functional Genomics Consulting (H.A.), 08780 Palleja, Spain
| | - Imre Kalló
- Laboratory of Endocrine Neurobiology (M.S., I.K., E.H., C.V., Z.L.), Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1083 Budapest, Hungary; Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics (I.K., Z.L.), Pázmány Péter Catholic University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary; Faculty of Veterinary Science (N.S.), Szent István University, 1078 Budapest, Hungary; Functional Genomics Core (A.R.), Institute for Research in Biomedicine, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; and Functional Genomics Consulting (H.A.), 08780 Palleja, Spain
| | - Erik Hrabovszky
- Laboratory of Endocrine Neurobiology (M.S., I.K., E.H., C.V., Z.L.), Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1083 Budapest, Hungary; Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics (I.K., Z.L.), Pázmány Péter Catholic University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary; Faculty of Veterinary Science (N.S.), Szent István University, 1078 Budapest, Hungary; Functional Genomics Core (A.R.), Institute for Research in Biomedicine, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; and Functional Genomics Consulting (H.A.), 08780 Palleja, Spain
| | - Norbert Solymosi
- Laboratory of Endocrine Neurobiology (M.S., I.K., E.H., C.V., Z.L.), Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1083 Budapest, Hungary; Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics (I.K., Z.L.), Pázmány Péter Catholic University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary; Faculty of Veterinary Science (N.S.), Szent István University, 1078 Budapest, Hungary; Functional Genomics Core (A.R.), Institute for Research in Biomedicine, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; and Functional Genomics Consulting (H.A.), 08780 Palleja, Spain
| | - Annie Rodolosse
- Laboratory of Endocrine Neurobiology (M.S., I.K., E.H., C.V., Z.L.), Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1083 Budapest, Hungary; Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics (I.K., Z.L.), Pázmány Péter Catholic University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary; Faculty of Veterinary Science (N.S.), Szent István University, 1078 Budapest, Hungary; Functional Genomics Core (A.R.), Institute for Research in Biomedicine, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; and Functional Genomics Consulting (H.A.), 08780 Palleja, Spain
| | - Csaba Vastagh
- Laboratory of Endocrine Neurobiology (M.S., I.K., E.H., C.V., Z.L.), Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1083 Budapest, Hungary; Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics (I.K., Z.L.), Pázmány Péter Catholic University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary; Faculty of Veterinary Science (N.S.), Szent István University, 1078 Budapest, Hungary; Functional Genomics Core (A.R.), Institute for Research in Biomedicine, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; and Functional Genomics Consulting (H.A.), 08780 Palleja, Spain
| | - Herbert Auer
- Laboratory of Endocrine Neurobiology (M.S., I.K., E.H., C.V., Z.L.), Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1083 Budapest, Hungary; Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics (I.K., Z.L.), Pázmány Péter Catholic University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary; Faculty of Veterinary Science (N.S.), Szent István University, 1078 Budapest, Hungary; Functional Genomics Core (A.R.), Institute for Research in Biomedicine, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; and Functional Genomics Consulting (H.A.), 08780 Palleja, Spain
| | - Zsolt Liposits
- Laboratory of Endocrine Neurobiology (M.S., I.K., E.H., C.V., Z.L.), Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1083 Budapest, Hungary; Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics (I.K., Z.L.), Pázmány Péter Catholic University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary; Faculty of Veterinary Science (N.S.), Szent István University, 1078 Budapest, Hungary; Functional Genomics Core (A.R.), Institute for Research in Biomedicine, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; and Functional Genomics Consulting (H.A.), 08780 Palleja, Spain
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88
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Xiang J, Yan S, Li SH, Li XJ. Postnatal loss of hap1 reduces hippocampal neurogenesis and causes adult depressive-like behavior in mice. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005175. [PMID: 25875952 PMCID: PMC4398408 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is a serious mental disorder that affects a person’s mood, thoughts, behavior, physical health, and life in general. Despite our continuous efforts to understand the disease, the etiology of depressive behavior remains perplexing. Recently, aberrant early life or postnatal neurogenesis has been linked to adult depressive behavior; however, genetic evidence for this is still lacking. Here we genetically depleted the expression of huntingtin-associated protein 1 (Hap1) in mice at various ages or in selective brain regions. Depletion of Hap1 in the early postnatal period, but not later life, led to a depressive-like phenotype when the mice reached adulthood. Deletion of Hap1 in adult mice rendered the mice more susceptible to stress-induced depressive-like behavior. Furthermore, early Hap1 depletion impaired postnatal neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus and reduced the level of c-kit, a protein expressed in neuroproliferative zones of the rodent brain and that is stabilized by Hap1. Importantly, stereotaxically injected adeno-associated virus (AAV) that directs the expression of c-kit in the hippocampus promoted postnatal hippocampal neurogenesis and ameliorated the depressive-like phenotype in conditional Hap1 KO mice, indicating a link between postnatal-born hippocampal neurons and adult depression. Our results demonstrate critical roles for Hap1 and c-kit in postnatal neurogenesis and adult depressive behavior, and also suggest that genetic variations affecting postnatal neurogenesis may lead to adult depression. Although the majority of the neurons in the brain are generated during embryonic stage, new neurons are continuously being produced postnatally, and at a much lower rate in adulthood. As postnatal neurogenesis is a key component of the brain maturation process that creates dynamic ‘wirings’ in the brain necessary for an individual to grow, learn, and cope with the external world, attenuated postnatal neurogenesis may affect an individual’s mental stability, rendering a higher susceptibility to depression later in life. In the current study, we genetically ablated the expression of huntingtin-associated protein 1 (Hap1) in mice at various ages or in selective brain regions, and found that early loss of Hap1 significantly reduces postnatal hippocampal neurogenesis, and leads to adult depressive-like behavior. We also found c-kit as an effector to mediate the neurogenesis defect and adult depressive-like phenotype in mice lacking Hap1. The results provide the first genetic evidence to demonstrate the importance of postnatal neurogenesis in adult depression, and may offer new avenues in the prevention and treatment of depression. Our study also has potential implications to other adult-onset mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxing Xiang
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Sen Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shi-Hua Li
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SHL); (XJL)
| | - Xiao-Jiang Li
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (SHL); (XJL)
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89
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The postnatal origin of adult neural stem cells and the effects of glucocorticoids on their genesis. Behav Brain Res 2015; 279:166-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Revised: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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90
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Blackiston DJ, Anderson GM, Rahman N, Bieck C, Levin M. A novel method for inducing nerve growth via modulation of host resting potential: gap junction-mediated and serotonergic signaling mechanisms. Neurotherapeutics 2015; 12:170-84. [PMID: 25449797 PMCID: PMC4322068 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-014-0317-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A major goal of regenerative medicine is to restore the function of damaged or missing organs through the implantation of bioengineered or donor-derived components. It is necessary to understand the signals and cues necessary for implanted structures to innervate the host, as organs devoid of neural connections provide little benefit to the patient. While developmental studies have identified neuronal pathfinding molecules required for proper patterning during embryogenesis, strategies to initiate innervation in structures transplanted at later times or alternate locations remain limited. Recent work has identified membrane resting potential of nerves as a key regulator of growth cone extension or arrest. Here, we identify a novel role of bioelectricity in the generation of axon guidance cues, showing that neurons read the electric topography of surrounding cells, and demonstrate these cues can be leveraged to initiate sensory organ transplant innervation. Grafts of fluorescently labeled embryological eye primordia were used to produce ectopic eyes in Xenopus laevis tadpoles. Depolarization of host tissues through anion channel activation or other means led to a striking hyperinnervation of the body by these ectopic eyes. A screen of possible transduction mechanisms identified serotonergic signaling to be essential for hyperinnervation to occur, and our molecular data suggest a possible model of bioelectrical control of the distribution of neurotransmitters that guides nerve growth. Together, these results identify the molecular components of bioelectrical signaling among cells that regulates axon guidance, and suggest novel biomedical and bioengineering strategies for triggering neuronal outgrowth using ion channel drugs already approved for human use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas J. Blackiston
- Center for Regenerative and Developmental Biology and Department of Biology, Tufts University, 200 Boston Avenue, Suite 4600, Medford, MA 02155 USA
| | - George M. Anderson
- Yale Child Study Center and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 230 S. Frontage Rd., New Haven, CT 06519 USA
| | - Nikita Rahman
- Center for Regenerative and Developmental Biology and Department of Biology, Tufts University, 200 Boston Avenue, Suite 4600, Medford, MA 02155 USA
| | - Clara Bieck
- Center for Regenerative and Developmental Biology and Department of Biology, Tufts University, 200 Boston Avenue, Suite 4600, Medford, MA 02155 USA
| | - Michael Levin
- Center for Regenerative and Developmental Biology and Department of Biology, Tufts University, 200 Boston Avenue, Suite 4600, Medford, MA 02155 USA
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91
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Price JS, Shear P, Lisdahl KM. Ecstasy exposure & gender: examining components of verbal memory functioning. PLoS One 2014; 9:e115645. [PMID: 25545890 PMCID: PMC4278706 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Studies have demonstrated verbal memory deficits associated with past year ecstasy use, although specific underlying components of these deficits are less understood. Further, prior research suggests potential gender differences in ecstasy-induced serotonergic changes. Therefore, the current study investigated whether gender moderated the relationship between ecstasy exposure and components of verbal memory after controlling for polydrug use and confounding variables. METHOD Data were collected from 65 polydrug users with a wide range of ecstasy exposure (ages 18-35; 48 ecstasy and 17 marijuana users; 0-2310 ecstasy tablets). Participants completed a verbal learning and memory task, psychological questionnaires, and a drug use interview. RESULTS Increased past year ecstasy exposure predicted poorer short and long delayed free and cued recalls, retention, and recall discrimination. Male ecstasy users were more susceptible to dose-dependent deficits in retention than female users. CONCLUSION Past year ecstasy consumption was associated with verbal memory retrieval, retention, and discrimination deficits in a dose-dependent manner in a sample of healthy young adult polydrug users. Male ecstasy users were at particular risk for deficits in retention following a long delay. Gender difference may be reflective of different patterns of polydrug use as well as increased hippocampal sensitivity. Future research examining neuronal correlates of verbal memory deficits in ecstasy users are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenessa S. Price
- McLean Hospital – Harvard Medical School, Belmont, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Paula Shear
- Department of Psychology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Krista M. Lisdahl
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
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92
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Influences of prenatal and postnatal stress on adult hippocampal neurogenesis: the double neurogenic niche hypothesis. Behav Brain Res 2014; 281:309-17. [PMID: 25546722 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) is involved in learning, memory, and stress, and plays a significant role in neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. As an age-dependent process, AHN is largely influenced by changes that occur during the pre- and postnatal stages of brain development, and constitutes an important field of research. This review examines the current knowledge regarding the regulators of AHN and the influence of prenatal and postnatal stress on later AHN. In addition, a hypothesis is presented suggesting that each kind of stress influences a specific neurogenic pool, developmental or postnatal, that later becomes a precursor with important repercussions for AHN. This hypothesis is referred to as "the double neurogenic niche hypothesis." Discovering what receptors, transcription factors, or genes are specifically activated by different stressors is proposed as an essential line of future research in the field. Such knowledge shall constitute an important starting point toward the goal of modifying AHN in neurodegenerative or psychiatric diseases.
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93
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Noori N, Bangash MY, Motaghinejad M, Hosseini P, Noudoost B. Kefir protective effects against nicotine cessation-induced anxiety and cognition impairments in rats. Adv Biomed Res 2014; 3:251. [PMID: 25590029 PMCID: PMC4283242 DOI: 10.4103/2277-9175.146377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Nicotine as one of the potent psychostimulant drugs is characterized by its parasympathomimetic activity. Upon the abrupt discontinuation of nicotine intake, a number of symptoms such as anxiety, depression and cognition impairment develop. Kefir as a food supplement is rich in tryptophan. In this study, we have evaluated the effects of Kefir on nicotine cessation-induced anxiety, depression and cognition impairment. Materials and Methods: Forty adult male rats were divided into four groups. All the groups received 6 mg/kg/day of nicotine for 17 days and then the negative control groups got 5 mg/kg/day of normal saline. The positive control groups were given 40 mg/kg/day of Sertraline HCl for 7 days. The group treated with Cow Milk Kefir (CMK) and Soy Milk Kefir (SMK) received 5 mg/kg/day for 7 days. On the 25th day, Elevated Plus Maze (EPM), Open Field Test (OFT) and Forced Swim Test (FST) were used to investigate anxiety and depression. In addition, Moris Water Maze was applied to evaluate learning and memory in the animals between the 20th and 25th days. Results: The results showed that administration of CMK, SMK and Sertraline had higher anti-depression and anxiolytic effects on nicotine withdrawal-induced depression and anxiety in rats (P < 0.05). Moreover, CMK and SMK improved learning and memory impairment results in the nicotine withdrawal period (P < 0.05). Conclusion: This study revealed that Kefir had a potential effect on the treatment of nicotine cessation-induced depression, anxiety and cognition impairment in the animal model. Kefir may be useful for adjunct therapy for nicotine abandonment treatment protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negin Noori
- Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Yasan Bangash
- Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Motaghinejad
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pantea Hosseini
- Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behshad Noudoost
- Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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94
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Ondansetron, a 5HT3 receptor antagonist reverses depression and anxiety-like behavior in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice: possible implication of serotonergic system. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 744:59-66. [PMID: 25284215 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2014] [Revised: 09/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Increased prevalence and high comorbidity of depression-like mood disorders and diabetes have prompted investigation of new targets and potential contributing agents. There is considerable evidence supporting the inconsistent clinical efficacy and persistent undesirable effects of existing antidepressant therapy for depression associated with diabetes. Therefore, the present study was aimed at investigating the effect of ondansetron, a selective 5HT3 receptor antagonist in attenuating depression and anxiety-like behavior comorbid with diabetes. Experimentally, Swiss albino mice were rendered diabetic by a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of streptozotocin (STZ, 200 mg/kg). After 8 weeks, diabetic mice received a single dose of vehicle/ondansetron (0.5 and 1 mg/kg, p.o.)/fluoxetine (the positive control, 10 mg/kg p.o.) for 28 days. Thereafter, behavioral studies were conducted to test depression-like behavior using forced swim test (FST) and anxiety-like deficits using hole-board and light-dark tests, followed by biochemical estimation of serotonin content in discrete brain regions. The results demonstrated that, STZ-induced diabetic mice exhibited increased duration of immobility and decreased swimming behavior in FST, reduced exploratory behavior during hole-board test and increased aversion to brightly illuminated light area in light-dark test as compared to non-diabetic mice, while ondansetron (similar to fluoxetine) treatment significantly reversed the same. Biochemical assay revealed that ondansetron administration attenuated diabetes-induced neurochemical impairment of serotonin function, indicated by elevated serotonin levels in discrete brain regions of diabetic mice. Collectively, the data indicate that ondansetron may reverse depression and anxiety-like behavioral deficits associated with diabetes in mice and modulation of serotonergic activity may be a key mechanism of the compound.
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95
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Lim DA, Alvarez-Buylla A. Adult neural stem cells stake their ground. Trends Neurosci 2014; 37:563-71. [PMID: 25223700 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2014.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The birth of new neurons in the walls of the adult brain lateral ventricles has captured the attention of many neuroscientists for over 2 decades, yielding key insights into the identity and regulation of neural stem cells (NSCs). In the adult ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ), NSCs are a specialized form of astrocyte that generates several types of neurons for the olfactory bulb. In this review, we discuss recent findings regarding the unique organization of the V-SVZ NSC niche, the multiple regulatory controls of neuronal production, the distinct regional identities of adult NSCs, and the epigenetic mechanisms that maintain adult neurogenesis. Understanding how V-SVZ NSCs establish and maintain lifelong neurogenesis continues to provide surprising insights into the cellular and molecular regulation of neural development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Lim
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Arturo Alvarez-Buylla
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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96
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Primary cilia are required in a unique subpopulation of neural progenitors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:12438-43. [PMID: 25114218 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1321425111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The apical domain of embryonic (radial glia) and adult (B1 cells) neural stem cells (NSCs) contains a primary cilium. This organelle has been suggested to function as an antenna for the detection of morphogens or growth factors. In particular, primary cilia are essential for Hedgehog (Hh) signaling, which plays key roles in brain development. Their unique location facing the ventricular lumen suggests that primary cilia in NSCs could play an important role in reception of signals within the cerebrospinal fluid. Surprisingly, ablation of primary cilia using conditional alleles for genes essential for intraflagellar transport [kinesin family member 3A (Kif3a) and intraflagellar transport 88 (Ift88)] and Cre drivers that are activated at early [Nestin; embryonic day 10.5 (E10.5)] and late [human glial fibrillary acidic protein (hGFAP); E13.5] stages of mouse neural development resulted in no apparent developmental defects. Neurogenesis in the ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ) shortly after birth was also largely unaffected, except for a restricted ventral domain previously known to be regulated by Hh signaling. However, Kif3a and Ift88 genetic ablation also disrupts ependymal cilia, resulting in hydrocephalus by postnatal day 4. To directly study the role of B1 cells' primary cilia without the confounding effects of hydrocephalus, we stereotaxically targeted elimination of Kif3a from a subpopulation of radial glia, which resulted in ablation of primary cilia in a subset of B1 cells. Again, this experiment resulted in decreased neurogenesis only in the ventral V-SVZ. Primary cilia ablation led to disruption of Hh signaling in this subdomain. We conclude that primary cilia are required in a specific Hh-regulated subregion of the postnatal V-SVZ.
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97
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Islam M, Moriguchi S, Tagashira H, Fukunaga K. Rivastigmine improves hippocampal neurogenesis and depression-like behaviors via 5-HT1A receptor stimulation in olfactory bulbectomized mice. Neuroscience 2014; 272:116-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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98
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Asokan A, Ball AR, Laird CD, Hermer L, Ormerod BK. Desvenlafaxine may accelerate neuronal maturation in the dentate gyri of adult male rats. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98530. [PMID: 24896246 PMCID: PMC4045676 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult hippocampal neurogenesis has been linked to the effects of anti-depressant drugs on behavior in rodent models of depression. To explore this link further, we tested whether the serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) venlafaxine impacted adult hippocampal neurogenesis differently than its primary active SNRI metabolite desvenlafaxine. Adult male Long Evans rats (n = 5-6 per group) were fed vehicle, venlafaxine (0.5 or 5 mg) or desvenlafaxine (0.5 or 5 mg) twice daily for 16 days. Beginning the third day of drug treatment, the rats were given a daily bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU; 50 mg/kg) injection for 5 days to label dividing cells and then perfused 2 weeks after the first BrdU injection to confirm total new hippocampal cell numbers and their phenotypes. The high desvenlafaxine dose increased total new BrdU+ cell number and appeared to accelerate neuronal maturation because fewer BrdU+ cells expressed maturing neuronal phenotypes and more expressed mature neuronal phenotypes in the dentate gyri of these versus vehicle-treated rats. While net neurogenesis was not increased in the dentate gyri of rats treated with the high desvenlafaxine dose, significantly more mature neurons were detected. Our data expand the body of literature showing that antidepressants impact adult neurogenesis by stimulating NPC proliferation and perhaps the survival of neuronal progeny and by showing that a high dose of the SNRI antidepressant desvenlafaxine, but neither a high nor low venlafaxine dose, may also accelerate neuronal maturation in the adult rat hippocampus. These data support the hypothesis that hippocampal neurogenesis may indeed serve as a biomarker of depression and the effects of antidepressant treatment, and may be informative for developing novel fast-acting antidepressant strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Asokan
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering and Evelyn F. & William L. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Alan R. Ball
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering and Evelyn F. & William L. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Neuroscience Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Christina D. Laird
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering and Evelyn F. & William L. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Neuroscience Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Linda Hermer
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Neuroscience Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Brandi K. Ormerod
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering and Evelyn F. & William L. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
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99
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Razavi S, Jahromi M, Amirpour N, Khosravizadeh Z. Effect of sertraline on proliferation and neurogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells. Adv Biomed Res 2014; 3:97. [PMID: 24800186 PMCID: PMC4007338 DOI: 10.4103/2277-9175.129367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Antidepressant drugs are commonly employed for anxiety and mood disorders. Sertraline is extensively used as antidepressant in clinic. In addition, adipose tissue represents an abundant and accessible source of adult stem cells with the ability to differentiate in to multiple lineages. Therefore, human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) may be useful for autologous transplantation. Materials and Methods: In the present study, we assessed the effect of antidepressant drug Sertraline on the proliferation and neurogenic differentiation of hADSCs using MTT assay and immunofluorescence technique respectively. Results: MTT assay analysis showed that 0.5 μM Sertraline significantly increased the proliferation rate of hADSCs induced cells (P < 0.05), while immunofluorescent staining indicated that Sertraline treatment during neurogenic differentiation could be decreased the percentage of glial fibrillary acidic protein and Nestin-positive cells, but did not significantly effect on the percentage of MAP2 positive cells. Conclusion: Overall, our data show that Sertraline can be promoting proliferation rate during neurogenic differentiation of hADSCs after 6 days post-induction, while Sertraline inhibits gliogenesis of induced hADSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahnaz Razavi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maliheh Jahromi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nushin Amirpour
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zahra Khosravizadeh
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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100
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Øverli Ø, Nordgreen J, Mejdell CM, Janczak AM, Kittilsen S, Johansen IB, Horsberg TE. Ectoparasitic sea lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) affect behavior and brain serotonergic activity in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.): Perspectives on animal welfare. Physiol Behav 2014; 132:44-50. [PMID: 24792663 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Scientific research and public debate on the welfare of animals in human custody is increasing at present. Fish are in this context mentioned with particular attention to the high numbers of individuals reared in aquaculture. Research on fish has also contributed to the understanding of individual variation in the ability to cope with stress and disease. One mediator of such variation is the brain serotonergic (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) system, which conveys physiological and behavioral responses to stress and sub-optimal rearing conditions. Here we study links between the 5-HT response, melanin-based skin pigmentation, and behavior in laboratory-reared Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) experimentally infested with ectoparasitic sea lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis). Lice numbers were more variable in less pigmented fish, while the neurochemical response to ectoparastic lice-increased levels of the main 5-HT catabolite 5-HIAA in the brain stem-did not differ between pigmentation groups. A strong depression of growth and locomotor activity was seen in all infested fish but less pigmented fish grew better than fish with more skin melanization regardless of infestation status. The observed combination of neurochemical and behavioral effects clearly suggest that animal welfare concerns can be added to the list of negative effects of ectoparasitic sea lice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Øyvind Øverli
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Aas, Norway.
| | - Janicke Nordgreen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, Oslo, Norway
| | - Cecilie M Mejdell
- Department of Animal Health, National Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway
| | - Andrew M Janczak
- Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, The Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, Oslo, Norway
| | - Silje Kittilsen
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Aas, Norway
| | | | - Tor E Horsberg
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, Oslo, Norway
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