51
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Lopes F, Torres F, Soares G, van Karnebeek CD, Martins C, Antunes D, Silva J, Muttucomaroe L, Botelho LF, Sousa S, Rendeiro P, Tavares P, Van Esch H, Rajcan-Separovic E, Maciel P. The Role of AKT3 Copy Number Changes in Brain Abnormalities and Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Four New Cases and Literature Review. Front Genet 2019; 10:58. [PMID: 30853971 PMCID: PMC6395382 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Microdeletions at 1q43-q44 have been described as resulting in a clinically recognizable phenotype of intellectual disability (ID), facial dysmorphisms and microcephaly (MIC). In contrast, the reciprocal microduplications of 1q43-q44 region have been less frequently reported and patients showed a variable phenotype, including macrocephaly. Reports of a large number of patients with copy number variations involving this region highlighted the AKT3 gene as a likely key player in head size anomalies. We report four novel patients with copy number variations in the 1q43-q44 region: one with a larger deletion (3.7Mb), two with smaller deletions affecting AKT3 and SDCCAG8 genes (0.16 and 0.18Mb) and one with a quadruplication (1Mb) that affects the entire AKT3 gene. All patients with deletions presented MIC without structural brain abnormalities, whereas the patient with quadruplication had macrocephaly, but his carrier father had normal head circumference. Our report also includes a comparison of phenotypes in cases with 1q43-q44 duplications to assist future genotype-phenotype correlations. Our observations implicate AKT3 as a contributor to ID/development delay (DD) and head size but raise doubts about its straightforward impact on the latter aspect of the phenotype in patients with 1q43-q44 deletion/duplication syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fátima Lopes
- School of Medicine, Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Fátima Torres
- CGC Genetics, Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Gabriela Soares
- Center for Medical Genetics Dr. Jacinto Magalhães, National Health Institute Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Porto, Portugal
| | - Clara D van Karnebeek
- Department of Pediatrics, Centre for Molecular Medicine, BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Academic Medical Centre, Department of Pediatrics and Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Cecília Martins
- Department of Pediatrics, Médio Ave Hospital Center, Vila Nova de Famalicão, Portugal
| | - Diana Antunes
- Medical Genetics Department, Hospital D. Estefânia, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João Silva
- Center for Medical Genetics Dr. Jacinto Magalhães, National Health Institute Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Porto, Portugal
| | - Lauren Muttucomaroe
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Luís Filipe Botelho
- Department of Neuroradiology, Hospital de Santo António, Porto Hospital Center, Porto, Portugal
| | - Susana Sousa
- School of Medicine, Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Portugal
| | | | | | - Hilde Van Esch
- Laboratories for Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Patrícia Maciel
- School of Medicine, Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Portugal
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52
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Huo Y, Li S, Liu J, Li X, Luo XJ. Functional genomics reveal gene regulatory mechanisms underlying schizophrenia risk. Nat Commun 2019; 10:670. [PMID: 30737407 PMCID: PMC6368563 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08666-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified over 180 independent schizophrenia risk loci. Nevertheless, how the risk variants in the reported loci confer schizophrenia susceptibility remains largely unknown. Here we systematically investigate the gene regulatory mechanisms underpinning schizophrenia risk through integrating data from functional genomics (including 30 ChIP-Seq experiments) and position weight matrix (PWM). We identify 132 risk single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that disrupt transcription factor binding and we find that 97 of the 132 TF binding-disrupting SNPs are associated with gene expression in human brain tissues. We validate the regulatory effect of some TF binding-disrupting SNPs with reporter gene assays (9 SNPs) and allele-specific expression analysis (10 SNPs). Our study reveals gene regulatory mechanisms affected by schizophrenia risk SNPs (including widespread disruption of POLR2A and CTCF binding) and identifies target genes for mechanistic studies and drug development. Our results can be accessed and visualized at SZDB database ( http://www.szdb.org/ ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxia Huo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China
| | - Shiwu Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650204, China
| | - Jiewei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650204, China
| | - Xiong-Jian Luo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China.
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650204, China.
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China.
- KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China.
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53
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Zhang Z, Wang Y, Zhang Q, Zhao W, Chen X, Zhai J, Chen M, Du B, Deng X, Ji F, Wang C, Xiang Y, Li D, Wu H, Dong Q, Chen C, Li J. The effects of CACNA1C gene polymorphism on prefrontal cortex in both schizophrenia patients and healthy controls. Schizophr Res 2019; 204:193-200. [PMID: 30268820 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
CACNA1C gene polymorphism rs2007044 has been reported to be associated with schizophrenia, but its underlying brain mechanism is not clear. First, we conducted an exploratory functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study using an N-BACK task and a Stroop task in 194 subjects (55 schizophrenia patients and 139 healthy controls). Our whole brain analysis found that the risk allele was associated with reduced activation of the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) during the Stroop task (cluster size = 390 voxels, P < 0.05 TFCE-FWE corrected; peak MNI coordinates: x = -57, y = -6, z = 30). We also conducted a functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) study using the same Stroop task in an independent sample of 126 healthy controls to validate the fMRI finding. Our repeated-measures ANCOVA on the six channels (20, 27, 33, 34, 40 and 46) within the left IFG also found significant result. The polymorphism rs2007044 showed significant effect on the oxy-Hb data (F = 5.072, P = 0.026) and showed significant interaction effect with channels on the deoxy-Hb data (F = 2.841, P = 0.015). Taken together, results of this study suggested that rs2007044 could affect the activation of the left IFG, which was a possible brain mechanism underlying the association between CACNA1C gene polymorphism and schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, PR China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, HePing Hospital of Chang Zhou, Jiangsu 213003, China
| | - Qiumei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, PR China; School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, 45# Jianshe South Road, Jining 272013, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Wan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, PR China
| | - Xiongying Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, PR China
| | - Jinguo Zhai
- School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, 45# Jianshe South Road, Jining 272013, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Min Chen
- School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, 45# Jianshe South Road, Jining 272013, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Boqi Du
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, PR China
| | - Xiaoxiang Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, PR China
| | - Feng Ji
- School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, 45# Jianshe South Road, Jining 272013, Shandong Province, PR China
| | | | - Yutao Xiang
- Beijing Anding Hospital, Beijing 100088, PR China; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau
| | - Dawei Li
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Hongjie Wu
- Shengli Hospital of Shengli Petroleum Administration Bureau, Dongying 257022, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Qi Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, PR China
| | - Chuansheng Chen
- Department of Psychology and Social Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, PR China.
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54
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Goulding DR, Nikolova VD, Mishra L, Zhuo L, Kimata K, McBride SJ, Moy SS, Harry GJ, Garantziotis S. Inter-α-inhibitor deficiency in the mouse is associated with alterations in anxiety-like behavior, exploration and social approach. GENES, BRAIN, AND BEHAVIOR 2019; 18:e12505. [PMID: 29987918 PMCID: PMC6328341 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, several genome-wide association studies have identified candidate regions for genetic susceptibility in major mood disorders. Most notable are regions in a locus in chromosome 3p21, encompassing the genes NEK4-ITIH1-ITIH3-ITIH4. Three of these genes represent heavy chains of the composite protein inter-α-inhibitor (IαI). In order to further establish associations of these genes with mood disorders, we evaluated behavioral phenotypes in mice deficient in either Ambp/bikunin, which is necessary for functional ITIH1 and ITIH3 complexes, or in Itih4, the gene encoding the heavy chain Itih4. We found that loss of Itih4 had no effect on the behaviors tested, but loss of Ambp/bikunin led to increased anxiety-like behavior in the light/dark and open field tests and reduced exploratory activity in the elevated plus maze, light/dark preference and open field tests. Ambp/bikunin knockout mice also exhibited a sex-dependent exaggeration of acoustic startle responses, alterations in social approach during a three-chamber choice test, and an elevated fear conditioning response. These results provide experimental support for the role of ITIH1/ITIH3 in the development of mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Goulding
- Comparative Medicine Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Viktoriya D Nikolova
- Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities and Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Lopa Mishra
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Surgery, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Lisheng Zhuo
- Multidisciplinary Pain Center and the Research Creation Support Center, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Koji Kimata
- Multidisciplinary Pain Center and the Research Creation Support Center, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | | | - Sheryl S Moy
- Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities and Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - G J Harry
- Neurotoxicology Group, National Toxicology Program Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Stavros Garantziotis
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
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55
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Vivian‐Griffiths T, Baker E, Schmidt KM, Bracher‐Smith M, Walters J, Artemiou A, Holmans P, O'Donovan MC, Owen MJ, Pocklington A, Escott‐Price V. Predictive modeling of schizophrenia from genomic data: Comparison of polygenic risk score with kernel support vector machines approach. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2019; 180:80-85. [PMID: 30516002 PMCID: PMC6492016 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A major controversy in psychiatric genetics is whether nonadditive genetic interaction effects contribute to the risk of highly polygenic disorders. We applied a support vector machines (SVMs) approach, which is capable of building linear and nonlinear models using kernel methods, to classify cases from controls in a large schizophrenia case-control sample of 11,853 subjects (5,554 cases and 6,299 controls) and compared its prediction accuracy with the polygenic risk score (PRS) approach. We also investigated whether SVMs are a suitable approach to detecting nonlinear genetic effects, that is, interactions. We found that PRS provided more accurate case/control classification than either linear or nonlinear SVMs, and give a tentative explanation why PRS outperforms both multivariate regression and linear kernel SVMs. In addition, we observe that nonlinear kernel SVMs showed higher classification accuracy than linear SVMs when a large number of SNPs are entered into the model. We conclude that SVMs are a potential tool for assessing the presence of interactions, prior to searching for them explicitly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Vivian‐Griffiths
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical NeurosciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffUnited Kingdom
| | - Emily Baker
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical NeurosciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffUnited Kingdom
| | - Karl M. Schmidt
- School of MathematicsCardiff UniversityCardiffUnited Kingdom
| | - Matthew Bracher‐Smith
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical NeurosciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffUnited Kingdom
| | - James Walters
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical NeurosciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Peter Holmans
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical NeurosciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffUnited Kingdom
| | - Michael C. O'Donovan
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical NeurosciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffUnited Kingdom
| | - Michael J. Owen
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical NeurosciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffUnited Kingdom
| | - Andrew Pocklington
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical NeurosciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffUnited Kingdom
| | - Valentina Escott‐Price
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical NeurosciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffUnited Kingdom
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56
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Zhao L, Chang H, Zhou DS, Cai J, Fan W, Tang W, Tang W, Li X, Liu W, Liu F, He Y, Bai Y, Sun Y, Dai J, Li L, Xiao X, Zhang C, Li M. Replicated associations of FADS1, MAD1L1, and a rare variant at 10q26.13 with bipolar disorder in Chinese population. Transl Psychiatry 2018; 8:270. [PMID: 30531795 PMCID: PMC6286364 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-018-0337-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic analyses of psychiatric illnesses, such as bipolar disorder (BPD), have revealed essential information regarding the underlying pathological mechanisms. While such studies in populations of European ancestry have achieved prominent success, understanding the genetic risk factors of these illnesses (especially BPD) in Chinese population remains an urgent task. Given the lack of genome-wide association study (GWAS) of BPD in Chinese population from Mainland China, replicating the previously reported GWAS hits in distinct populations will provide valuable information for future GWAS analysis in Han Chinese. In the present study, we have recruited 1146 BPD cases and 1956 controls from Mainland China for genetic analyses, as well as 65 Han Chinese brain amygdala tissues for mRNA expression analyses. Using this clinical sample, one of the largest Han Chinese BPD samples till now, we have conducted replication analyses of 21 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) extracted from previous GWAS of distinct populations. Among the 21 tested SNPs, 16 showed the same direction of allelic effects in our samples compared with previous studies; 6 SNPs achieved nominal significance (p < 0.05) at one-tailed test, and 2 additional SNPs showed marginal significance (p < 0.10). Aside from replicating previously reported BPD risk SNPs, we herein also report several intriguing findings: (1) the SNP rs174576 was associated with BPD in our Chinese sample and in the overall global meta-analysis, and was significantly correlated with FADS1 mRNA in diverse public RNA-seq datasets as well as our in house collected Chinese amygdala samples; (2) two (partially) independent SNPs in MAD1L1 were both significantly associated with BPD in our Chinese sample, which was also supported by haplotype analysis; (3) a rare SNP rs78089757 in 10q26.13 region was a genome-wide significant variant for BPD in East Asians, and this SNP was near monomorphic in Europeans. In sum, these results confirmed several significant BPD risk genes. We hope this Chinese BPD case-control sample and the current brain amygdala tissues (with continuous increasing sample size in the near future) will provide helpful resources in elucidating the genetic and molecular basis of BPD in this major world population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Hong Chang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Dong-Sheng Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, Ningbo Kangning Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun Cai
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weixing Fan
- Jinhua Second Hospital, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Tang
- Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenxin Tang
- Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xingxing Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Ningbo Kangning Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weiqing Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yuanfang He
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yan Bai
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Wuhan Institute for Neuroscience and Neuroengineering, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Chinese Brain Bank Center, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jiapei Dai
- Wuhan Institute for Neuroscience and Neuroengineering, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Chinese Brain Bank Center, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lingyi Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
| | - Chen Zhang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ming Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
- CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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57
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Liu J, Li M, Luo XJ, Su B. Systems-level analysis of risk genes reveals the modular nature of schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2018; 201:261-269. [PMID: 29789256 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2018.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a complex mental disorder with high heritability. Genetic studies (especially recent genome-wide association studies) have identified many risk genes for schizophrenia. However, the physical interactions among the proteins encoded by schizophrenia risk genes remain elusive and it is not known whether the identified risk genes converge on common molecular networks or pathways. Here we systematically investigated the network characteristics of schizophrenia risk genes using the high-confidence protein-protein interactions (PPI) from the human interactome. We found that schizophrenia risk genes encode a densely interconnected PPI network (P = 4.15 × 10-31). Compared with the background genes, the schizophrenia risk genes in the interactome have significantly higher degree (P = 5.39 × 10-11), closeness centrality (P = 7.56 × 10-11), betweeness centrality (P = 1.29 × 10-11), clustering coefficient (P = 2.22 × 10-2), and shorter average shortest path length (P = 7.56 × 10-11). Based on the densely interconnected PPI network, we identified 48 hub genes and 4 modules formed by highly interconnected schizophrenia genes. We showed that the proteins encoded by schizophrenia hub genes have significantly more direct physical interactions. Gene ontology (GO) analysis revealed that cell adhesion, cell cycle, immune system response, and GABR-receptor complex categories were enriched in the modules formed by highly interconnected schizophrenia risk genes. Our study reveals that schizophrenia risk genes encode a densely interconnected molecular network and demonstrates the modular nature of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiewei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China; Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Ming Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiong-Jian Luo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, China; Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China.
| | - Bing Su
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China; Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China.
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58
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Docherty AR, Fonseca-Pedrero E, Debbané M, Chan RCK, Linscott RJ, Jonas KG, Cicero DC, Green MJ, Simms LJ, Mason O, Watson D, Ettinger U, Waszczuk M, Rapp A, Grant P, Kotov R, DeYoung CG, Ruggero CJ, Eaton NR, Krueger RF, Patrick C, Hopwood C, O’Neill FA, Zald DH, Conway CC, Adkins DE, Waldman ID, van Os J, Sullivan PF, Anderson JS, Shabalin AA, Sponheim SR, Taylor SF, Grazioplene RG, Bacanu SA, Bigdeli TB, Haenschel C, Malaspina D, Gooding DC, Nicodemus K, Schultze-Lutter F, Barrantes-Vidal N, Mohr C, Carpenter WT, Cohen AS. Enhancing Psychosis-Spectrum Nosology Through an International Data Sharing Initiative. Schizophr Bull 2018; 44:S460-S467. [PMID: 29788473 PMCID: PMC6188505 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sby059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The latent structure of schizotypy and psychosis-spectrum symptoms remains poorly understood. Furthermore, molecular genetic substrates are poorly defined, largely due to the substantial resources required to collect rich phenotypic data across diverse populations. Sample sizes of phenotypic studies are often insufficient for advanced structural equation modeling approaches. In the last 50 years, efforts in both psychiatry and psychological science have moved toward (1) a dimensional model of psychopathology (eg, the current Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology [HiTOP] initiative), (2) an integration of methods and measures across traits and units of analysis (eg, the RDoC initiative), and (3) powerful, impactful study designs maximizing sample size to detect subtle genomic variation relating to complex traits (the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium [PGC]). These movements are important to the future study of the psychosis spectrum, and to resolving heterogeneity with respect to instrument and population. The International Consortium of Schizotypy Research is composed of over 40 laboratories in 12 countries, and to date, members have compiled a body of schizotypy- and psychosis-related phenotype data from more than 30000 individuals. It has become apparent that compiling data into a protected, relational database and crowdsourcing analytic and data science expertise will result in significant enhancement of current research on the structure and biological substrates of the psychosis spectrum. The authors present a data-sharing infrastructure similar to that of the PGC, and a resource-sharing infrastructure similar to that of HiTOP. This report details the rationale and benefits of the phenotypic data collective and presents an open invitation for participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna R Docherty
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT,Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA,Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA,To whom correspondence should be addressed; Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, 501 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84110, US; tel: +1-801-213-6905, fax: +1-801-581-7109, e-mail:
| | | | - Martin Debbané
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational, and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK,Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Raymond C K Chan
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China,Department of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Katherine G Jonas
- Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY
| | - David C Cicero
- Department of Psychology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI
| | - Melissa J Green
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Leonard J Simms
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY
| | - Oliver Mason
- Department of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - David Watson
- Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN
| | | | - Monika Waszczuk
- Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Alexander Rapp
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Phillip Grant
- Department of Psychology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany,Technische Hochschule Mittelhessen, University of Applied Sciences, Giessen, Germany
| | - Roman Kotov
- Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Colin G DeYoung
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | | | - Nicolas R Eaton
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Robert F Krueger
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | | | | | - F Anthony O’Neill
- Centre for Public Health, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - David H Zald
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN,Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | | | - Daniel E Adkins
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT,Department of Sociology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | | | - Jim van Os
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands,King’s Health Partners, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London, UK,Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus Institute, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick F Sullivan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina—Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC,Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - John S Anderson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Andrey A Shabalin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Scott R Sponheim
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | | | | | - Silviu A Bacanu
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA
| | - Tim B Bigdeli
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA,Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, UK
| | | | - Dolores Malaspina
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Diane C Gooding
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Kristin Nicodemus
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Frauke Schultze-Lutter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Heinrich-Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Neus Barrantes-Vidal
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain,Centre for Biomedical Research, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC,Sant Pere Claver—Fundació Sanitària, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Christine Mohr
- Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - William T Carpenter
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Alex S Cohen
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
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Sudesh R, Thalamuthu A, John S, Thara R, Mowry B, Munirajan AK. Replication of GWAS identified miR-137 and its target gene polymorphisms in Schizophrenia of South Indian population and meta-analysis with Psychiatric Genomics Consortium. Schizophr Res 2018; 199:189-194. [PMID: 29599094 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2018.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a complex psychiatric disorder involving multiple genes each contributing a small risk. Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified hundreds of risk loci for schizophrenia including miR-137, a miRNA shown to be involved in neuronal development. Several genes regulated by miR-137 were also reported as top risk genes associated with schizophrenia and has been hypothesised that the dysregulation of miR-137 and its target could be involved in the aetiology of schizophrenia. Here, we replicated the four European GWAS hits, miR-137-rs1625579 and three of its validated target gene loci SNPs (ZNF804a-rs1344706, CACNA1C-rs4765905 and TCF4-rs9960767) by genotyping in 2074 samples (schizophrenia cases-1005; controls-1069) from South Indian Population. In this study, only the CACNA1C rs4765905 showed a significant association (OR=1.24, p=0.006). Three SNPs (rs1625579, rs1344706 and rs4765905) showed a consistent direction of effect with previous studies and the polygenic risk score constructed using the weighted sum of these three SNPs showed a significant association with Schizophrenia in this population (OR=3.78, p=0.005). Further, we carried out meta-analysis combining our results with the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC2) data and observed a considerable increase in GWAS significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Sudesh
- Department of Genetics, University of Madras, Dr. ALM PG Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Taramani Campus, Chennai 600 113, India
| | - Anbupalam Thalamuthu
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sujit John
- Schizophrenia Research Foundation, Chennai 600 101, India
| | | | - Bryan Mowry
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Arasamabattu Kannan Munirajan
- Department of Genetics, University of Madras, Dr. ALM PG Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Taramani Campus, Chennai 600 113, India.
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60
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Billingsley KJ, Manca M, Gianfrancesco O, Collier DA, Sharp H, Bubb VJ, Quinn JP. Regulatory characterisation of the schizophrenia-associated CACNA1C proximal promoter and the potential role for the transcription factor EZH2 in schizophrenia aetiology. Schizophr Res 2018; 199:168-175. [PMID: 29501388 PMCID: PMC6179964 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2018.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Genomic wide association studies identified the CACNA1C locus as genetically associated with both schizophrenia and bipolar affective disorder. CACNA1C encodes Cav1.2, one of four subunits of L-type voltage gated calcium channels. Variation resides in non-coding regions of CACNA1C which interact with the promoter and are validated expression quantitative trait loci. Using reporter gene constructs we demonstrate the CACNA1C promoter is a major mediator of inducible regulation of CACNA1C activity in the SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell line. Exposure of SH-SY5Y cells to lithium and cocaine modulated both the endogenous CACNA1C gene and the promoter in reporter gene constructs. Deletion analysis of the promoter demonstrated the actions of both lithium and cocaine were mediated by the proximal promoter. Initial interrogation of ENCODE ChIP-seq data over the CACNA1C promoter indicated binding of the transcription factor 'Enhancer of zeste homolog 2' (EZH2), which was consistent with our data that overexpression of EZH2 repressed CACNA1C promoter reporter gene expression. Array data from the Human Brain Transcriptome demonstrated that EZH2 was highly expressed across the developing brain, but subsequently maintained at low levels after birth and adulthood. RNA-seq data obtained from PD_NGSAtlas, a reference database for epigenomic and transcriptomic data for psychiatric disorders, demonstrated a 3-fold increase in EZH2 expression in the anterior cingulate cortex of individuals with schizophrenia compared to controls. We propose that EZH2 may contribute to schizophrenia risk at two distinct time points either through disruption in development leading to neurodevelopmental changes, or through anomalous reactivation of expression in the adult brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberley J Billingsley
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
| | - Maurizio Manca
- Institute of Psychology, Health and Society, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Olympia Gianfrancesco
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
| | | | - Helen Sharp
- Institute of Psychology, Health and Society, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Vivien J Bubb
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
| | - John P Quinn
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK.
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Moon AL, Haan N, Wilkinson LS, Thomas KL, Hall J. CACNA1C: Association With Psychiatric Disorders, Behavior, and Neurogenesis. Schizophr Bull 2018; 44:958-965. [PMID: 29982775 PMCID: PMC6101623 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sby096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Large-scale genome-wide association studies have consistently shown that genetic variation in CACNA1C, a gene that encodes calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1C, increases risk for psychiatric disorders. CACNA1C encodes the Cav1.2 subunit of voltage-gated calcium channels, which themselves have been functionally implicated in a broad spectrum of neuropsychiatric syndromes. Research has concentrated on uncovering the underlying biological mechanisms that could be responsible for this increased risk. This review presents an overview of recent findings regarding Cacna1c variation in animal models, particularly focusing on behavioral phenotypes associated with neurodevelopmental disorders such as cognition, anxiety and depressive phenotypes, and fear conditioning. The impact of reduced gene dosage of Cacna1c on adult hippocampal neurogenesis is also assessed, including new data from a novel Cacna1c+/- rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna L Moon
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Niels Haan
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Lawrence S Wilkinson
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Kerrie L Thomas
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Jeremy Hall
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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62
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Li W, Fan CC, Mäki-Marttunen T, Thompson WK, Schork AJ, Bettella F, Djurovic S, Dale AM, Andreassen OA, Wang Y. A molecule-based genetic association approach implicates a range of voltage-gated calcium channels associated with schizophrenia. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2018; 177:454-467. [PMID: 29704319 PMCID: PMC7093061 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Traditional genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have successfully detected genetic variants associated with schizophrenia. However, only a small fraction of heritability can be explained. Gene-set/pathway-based methods can overcome limitations arising from single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based analysis, but most of them place constraints on size which may exclude highly specific and functional sets, like macromolecules. Voltage-gated calcium (Cav ) channels, belonging to macromolecules, are composed of several subunits whose encoding genes are located far away or even on different chromosomes. We combined information about such molecules with GWAS data to investigate how functional channels associated with schizophrenia. We defined a biologically meaningful SNP-set based on channel structure and performed an association study by using a validated method: SNP-set (sequence) kernel association test. We identified eight subtypes of Cav channels significantly associated with schizophrenia from a subsample of published data (N = 56,605), including the L-type channels (Cav 1.1, Cav 1.2, Cav 1.3), P-/Q-type Cav 2.1, N-type Cav 2.2, R-type Cav 2.3, T-type Cav 3.1, and Cav 3.3. Only genes from Cav 1.2 and Cav 3.3 have been implicated by the largest GWAS (N = 82,315). Each subtype of Cav channels showed relatively high chip heritability, proportional to the size of its constituent gene regions. The results suggest that abnormalities of Cav channels may play an important role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and these channels may represent appropriate drug targets for therapeutics. Analyzing subunit-encoding genes of a macromolecule in aggregate is a complementary way to identify more genetic variants of polygenic diseases. This study offers the potential of power for discovery the biological mechanisms of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Li
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo 0424 Oslo, Norway,Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0407 Oslo, Norway
| | - Chun Chieh Fan
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA,Multimodal Imaging Laboratory, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Tuomo Mäki-Marttunen
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo 0424 Oslo, Norway,Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0407 Oslo, Norway
| | - Wesley K. Thompson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA,Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Centre Sct. Hans, Mental Health Services, Copenhagen, Denmark,The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andrew J. Schork
- Department of Cognitive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA92093, USA
| | - Francesco Bettella
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo 0424 Oslo, Norway,Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0407 Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Srdjan Djurovic
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, 0407 Oslo, Norway,NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anders M. Dale
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA,Multimodal Imaging Laboratory, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA,Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA,Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Ole A. Andreassen
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo 0424 Oslo, Norway,Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0407 Oslo, Norway
| | - Yunpeng Wang
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo 0424 Oslo, Norway,Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0407 Oslo, Norway,Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA,Multimodal Imaging Laboratory, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA,The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Copenhagen, Denmark,Corresponding author information: Dr. Yunpeng Wang, NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre, Building 49, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Kirkeveien 166, PO Box 4956 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway, , Phone +47 46 55 96 52, Fax: +47 23 02 73 33
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review highlights recent advances in the investigation of genetic factors for antipsychotic response and side effects. RECENT FINDINGS Antipsychotics prescribed to treat psychotic symptoms are variable in efficacy and propensity for causing side effects. The major side effects include tardive dyskinesia, antipsychotic-induced weight gain (AIWG), and clozapine-induced agranulocytosis (CIA). Several promising associations of polymorphisms in genes including HSPG2, CNR1, and DPP6 with tardive dyskinesia have been reported. In particular, a functional genetic polymorphism in SLC18A2, which is a target of recently approved tardive dyskinesia medication valbenazine, was associated with tardive dyskinesia. Similarly, several consistent findings primarily from genes modulating energy homeostasis have also been reported (e.g. MC4R, HTR2C). CIA has been consistently associated with polymorphisms in the HLA genes (HLA-DQB1 and HLA-B). The association findings between glutamate system genes and antipsychotic response require additional replications. SUMMARY The findings to date are promising and provide us a better understanding of the development of side effects and response to antipsychotics. However, more comprehensive investigations in large, well characterized samples will bring us closer to clinically actionable findings.
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64
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Liu J, Su B. Integrated analysis supports ATXN1 as a schizophrenia risk gene. Schizophr Res 2018; 195:298-305. [PMID: 29055568 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2017.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Protein-protein interaction (PPI) is informative in identifying hidden disease risk genes that tend to interact with known risk genes usually working together in the same disease module. With the use of an integrated approach combining PPI information with pathway and expression analysis as well as genome-wide association study (GWAS), we intended to find new risk genes for schizophrenia (SCZ). We showed that ATXN1 was the only direct PPI partner of the know SCZ risk gene ZNF804A, and it also had direct PPIs with other 18 known SCZ risk genes. ATXN1 serves as one of the hub genes in the PPI network containing many known SCZ risk genes, and this network is significantly enriched for the MAPK signaling pathway. Further gene expression analysis indicated that ATXN1 is highly expressed in prefrontal cortex, and SCZ patients had significantly decreased expression compared with healthy controls. Finally, the published GWAS data supports an association of ATXN1 with SCZ as well as other psychiatric disorders though not reaching genome-wide significance. These convergent evidences support ATXN1 as a promising risk gene for SCZ, and the integrated approach serves as a useful tool for dissecting the genetic basis of psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiewei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, Yunnan, China; Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, Yunnan, China
| | - Bing Su
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, Yunnan, China.
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65
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Peng C, Ding Y, Yi X, Dong Z, Cao L, Li Q, Ren H, He L, Zhou D, Chen X. Association study of CACNA1C polymorphisms with large artery atherosclerotic stroke in Chinese Han population. Neurol Res 2018; 40:677-682. [PMID: 29683785 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2018.1461307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Aims Ischemic stroke (IS) is one of the most common diseases of neurology and the main cause of death and disability in Chinese population. CACNA1C was considered to be involved in the process of atherosclerosis, but there was little information about the association between genotypic polymorphisms of CACNA1C and ischemic stroke. Our study was designed to elucidate the relationship between four single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) variants in CACNA1C gene and the risk of large-artery atherosclerotic (LAA) stroke patients. Methods A total of 384 subjects were enrolled in this study, including 192 LAA stroke cases and 192 healthy controls. And four SNPs variants in CNCNA1C gene were genotyped using in-house developed multiplex tagged-amplicon deep sequencing (TAm-Seq). Statistical analysis were conducted using χ2 test and binary logistic regression analysis. Results We found one variant was significantly associated with LAA stroke in the allele models (rs10848683, p = 0.036, OR = 1.371, 95%CI: 1.021-1.841). And rs10848683 was also found to associate with LAA stroke under recessive model (p = 0.027, OR = 0.618, 95% CI: 0.403-0.947) after adjustment for gender and age. We also found that significant difference existed between haplotypes (rs229961-rs215976-rs216008-rs10848683) and LAA stroke (C-T-C-C, p = 0.017, OR = 2.265, 95%CI: 1.136-4.518; G-C-C-C, p = 0.046, OR = 1.891, 95% CI: 1.003-3.565; C-T-C-T, p = 0.001, OR = 0.256, 95%CI: 0.101-0.645). Conclusion The results suggested that there was a potential association between CNCNA1C gene and the risk factor of LAA stroke in Chinese Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Peng
- a Department of Neurology , Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University , Shanghai , PR China
| | - Ying Ding
- a Department of Neurology , Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University , Shanghai , PR China
| | - Xin Yi
- b Bio-X Center, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education) , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , PR China
| | - Zhiqiang Dong
- a Department of Neurology , Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University , Shanghai , PR China
| | - Limei Cao
- a Department of Neurology , Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University , Shanghai , PR China
| | - Qiang Li
- a Department of Neurology , Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University , Shanghai , PR China
| | - Haiyan Ren
- a Department of Neurology , Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University , Shanghai , PR China
| | - Lin He
- b Bio-X Center, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education) , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , PR China
| | - Daizhan Zhou
- c Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, East Hospital , Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China.,d Institute of Medical Genetics , Tongji University , Shanghai , China
| | - Xu Chen
- a Department of Neurology , Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University , Shanghai , PR China
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66
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Cosgrove D, Mothersill DO, Whitton L, Harold D, Kelly S, Holleran L, Holland J, Anney R, Richards A, Mantripragada K, Owen M, O'Donovan MC, Gill M, Corvin A, Morris DW, Donohoe G. Effects of MiR-137 genetic risk score on brain volume and cortical measures in patients with schizophrenia and controls. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2018; 177:369-376. [PMID: 29418072 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Multiple genome-wide association studies of schizophrenia have implicated genetic variants within the gene encoding microRNA-137. As risk variants within or regulated by MIR137 have been implicated in memory performance, we investigated the additive effects of schizophrenia-associated risk variants in genes empirically regulated by MIR137 on brain regions associated with memory function. A polygenic risk score (PRS) was calculated (at a p = 0.05 threshold), using this empirically regulated MIR137 gene set, to investigate associations between this PRS and structural brain measures. These measures included total brain volume, cortical thickness, cortical surface area, and hippocampal volume, in a sample of 216 individuals consisting of healthy participants (n = 171) and patients with psychosis (n = 45). We did not observe a significant association between MIR137 PRS and these cortical thickness, surface area or hippocampal volume measures linked to memory function; a significant association between increasing PRS and decreasing total brain volume, independent of diagnosis status (R2 = 0.008, Beta = -0.09, p = 0.029), was observed. This did not survive correction for multiple testing. In conclusion, our study yielded only suggestive evidence that risk variants interacting with MIR137 impacts on cortical structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna Cosgrove
- The Cognitive Genetics & Cognitive Therapy Group, The School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry, The Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - David O Mothersill
- The Cognitive Genetics & Cognitive Therapy Group, The School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry, The Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Laura Whitton
- The Cognitive Genetics & Cognitive Therapy Group, The School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry, The Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Denise Harold
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sinead Kelly
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Laurena Holleran
- The Cognitive Genetics & Cognitive Therapy Group, The School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry, The Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Jessica Holland
- The Cognitive Genetics & Cognitive Therapy Group, The School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry, The Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Richard Anney
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Alex Richards
- MRC Center for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Kiran Mantripragada
- MRC Center for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Michael Owen
- MRC Center for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Michael C O'Donovan
- MRC Center for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Michael Gill
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aiden Corvin
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Derek W Morris
- The Cognitive Genetics & Cognitive Therapy Group, The School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry, The Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Gary Donohoe
- The Cognitive Genetics & Cognitive Therapy Group, The School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry, The Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
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67
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Tripathi A, Kar SK, Shukla R. Cognitive Deficits in Schizophrenia: Understanding the Biological Correlates and Remediation Strategies. CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE 2018; 16:7-17. [PMID: 29397662 PMCID: PMC5810454 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2018.16.1.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive deficits are one of the core symptoms of schizophrenia that evolve during the course of schizophrenia, after being originated even before the onset of illness. Existing pharmacological and biological treatment modalities fall short to meet the needs to improve the cognitive symptoms; hence, various cognitive remediation strategies have been adopted to address these deficits. Research evidences suggest that cognitive remediation measures improve the functioning, limit disability bettering the quality of life. The functional outcomes of cognitive remediation in schizophrenia are resultant of neurobiological changes in specific brain areas. Recent years witnessed significant innovations in cognitive remediation strategies in schizophrenia. This comprehensive review highlights the biological correlates of cognitive deficits in schizophrenia and the remedial measures with evidence base.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adarsh Tripathi
- Department of Psychiatry, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Sujita Kumar Kar
- Department of Psychiatry, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Rashmi Shukla
- Department of Psychiatry, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
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68
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Guo S, Huang CC, Zhao W, Yang AC, Lin CP, Nichols T, Tsai SJ. Combining multi-modality data for searching biomarkers in schizophrenia. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191202. [PMID: 29389986 PMCID: PMC5794071 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of imaging biomarkers for schizophrenia is an important but still challenging problem. Even though considerable efforts have been made over the past decades, quantitative alterations between patients and healthy subjects have not yet provided a diagnostic measure with sufficient high sensitivity and specificity. One of the most important reasons is the lack of consistent findings, which is in part due to single-mode study, which only detects single dimensional information by each modality, and thus misses the most crucial differences between groups. Here, we hypothesize that multimodal integration of functional MRI (fMRI), structural MRI (sMRI), and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) might yield more power for the diagnosis of schizophrenia. A novel multivariate data fusion method for combining these modalities is introduced without reducing the dimension or using the priors from 161 schizophrenia patients and 168 matched healthy controls. The multi-index feature for each ROI is constructed and summarized with Wilk's lambda by performing multivariate analysis of variance to calculate the significant difference between different groups. Our results show that, among these modalities, fMRI has the most significant featureby calculating the Jaccard similarity coefficient (0.7416) and Kappa index (0.4833). Furthermore, fusion of these modalities provides the most plentiful information and the highest predictive accuracy of 86.52%. This work indicates that multimodal integration can improve the ability of distinguishing differences between groups and might be assisting in further diagnosis of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuixia Guo
- College of Mathematics and Computer Science, Key Laboratory of High Performance Computing and Stochastic Information Processing (Ministry of Education of China), Hunan Normal University, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Chu-Chung Huang
- Aging and Health Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei Zhao
- College of Mathematics and Computer Science, Key Laboratory of High Performance Computing and Stochastic Information Processing (Ministry of Education of China), Hunan Normal University, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Albert C. Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Interdisciplinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Po Lin
- Aging and Health Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Thomas Nichols
- Department of Statistics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Shih-Jen Tsai
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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69
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Arslan A. Mapping the Schizophrenia Genes by Neuroimaging: The Opportunities and the Challenges. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19010219. [PMID: 29324666 PMCID: PMC5796168 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SZ) is a heritable brain disease originating from a complex interaction of genetic and environmental factors. The genes underpinning the neurobiology of SZ are largely unknown but recent data suggest strong evidence for genetic variations, such as single nucleotide polymorphisms, making the brain vulnerable to the risk of SZ. Structural and functional brain mapping of these genetic variations are essential for the development of agents and tools for better diagnosis, treatment and prevention of SZ. Addressing this, neuroimaging methods in combination with genetic analysis have been increasingly used for almost 20 years. So-called imaging genetics, the opportunities of this approach along with its limitations for SZ research will be outlined in this invited paper. While the problems such as reproducibility, genetic effect size, specificity and sensitivity exist, opportunities such as multivariate analysis, development of multisite consortia for large-scale data collection, emergence of non-candidate gene (hypothesis-free) approach of neuroimaging genetics are likely to contribute to a rapid progress for gene discovery besides to gene validation studies that are related to SZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayla Arslan
- Genetics and Bioengineering Program, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, International University of Sarajevo, Hrasnica cesta, 15 Ilidza, Sarajevo 71210, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Uskudar University, Istanbul 34662, Turkey.
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70
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Yang Y, Yu H, Li W, Liu B, Zhang H, Ding S, Lu Y, Jiang T, Lv L. Association between cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor (CDNF) 2 polymorphisms and schizophrenia susceptibility and symptoms in the Han Chinese population. Behav Brain Funct 2018; 14:1. [PMID: 29298719 PMCID: PMC5753570 DOI: 10.1186/s12993-017-0133-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Schizophrenia (SZ) is a complex polygenic psychiatric disorder caused in part by abnormal dopamine levels. Cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor (CDNF) 2 is known to protect and repair the dopaminergic system. Dopamine dysfunction is one of the pathogenesis of SZ. However, the relationship between CDNF2 and SZ has not been previously investigated. We speculated that CDNF2 may be a susceptibility factor for SZ. Methods To address this issue, we carried out a study to investigate the association between CDNF2 and SZ in the total sample 1371 (670 SZ patients and 701 healthy controls) Han Chinese population. Stage 1 included 528 SZ patients and 528 healthy controls; and stage 2 included 142 SZ patients and 173 healthy controls. The allele and genotype frequencies of five single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs2577074, rs2577075, rs2249810, rs6506891, and rs2118343) of CDNF2 were compared between patients and controls. Results We found a significant association in allele and genotype frequencies between the two groups at rs2249810 (χ2 = 4.38 and 6.45, respectively; P = 0.03 and 0.04, respectively). An association was also observed in males at rs2249810 (χ2 = 8.76; P = 0.03). Haplotype TGATC differed between SZ and controls in stage 2 samples (χ2 = 6.38; P = 0.01), and rs2118343 genotypes were associated with negative factor scores (F = 4.396; P = 0.01). Conclusions These results suggest that rs2249810 and haplotype TGATC of CDNF2 are an SZ susceptibility locus and factor, respectively, and that rs2118343 genotypes are associated with negative symptoms of SZ in the Han Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng Yang
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Department of Psychiatry, Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Hongyan Yu
- Department of Psychiatry, Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Wenqiang Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Brainnetome Center, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Hongxing Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Shuang Ding
- Department of Psychiatry, Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yanli Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Tianzi Jiang
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China. .,Brainnetome Center, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China. .,National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China. .,The Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
| | - Luxian Lv
- Department of Psychiatry, Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China. .,Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China. .,Department of Psychiatry of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, No. 388, Jianshe Middle Road, Xinxiang, 453002, China.
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Abstract
Imaging genetics is a research methodology studying the effect of genetic variation on brain structure, function, behavior, and risk for psychopathology. Since the early 2000s, imaging genetics has been increasingly used in the research of schizophrenia (SZ). SZ is a severe mental disorder with no precise knowledge of its underlying neurobiology, however, new genetic and neurobiological data generate a climate for new avenues. The accumulating data of genome wide association studies (GWAS) continuously decode SZ risk genes. Global neuroimaging consortia produce collections of brain phenotypes from tens of thousands of people. In this context, imaging genetics will be strategically important both for the validation and discovery of SZ related findings. Thus, the study of GWAS supported risk variants as candidate genes to validate by neuroimaging is one trend. The study of epigenetic differences in relation to variations of brain phenotypes and the study of large scale multivariate analysis of genome wide and brain wide associations are other trends. While these studies hold a big potential for understanding the neurobiology of SZ, the problem of reproducibility appears as a major challenge, which requires standardizations in study designs and compensations of methodological limitations such as sensitivity and specificity. On the other hand, advancements of neuroimaging, optical and electron microscopy along with the use of genetically encoded fluorescent probes and robust statistical approaches will not only catalyze integrative methodologies but also will help better design the imaging genetics studies. In this invited paper, I will discuss the current perspective of imaging genetics and emerging opportunities of SZ research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayla Arslan
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, International University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina; Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Uskudar University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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72
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Shi S, Ueda HR. Ca 2+ -Dependent Hyperpolarization Pathways in Sleep Homeostasis and Mental Disorders. Bioessays 2017; 40. [PMID: 29205420 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201700105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Although we are beginning to understand the neuronal and biochemical nature of sleep regulation, questions remain about how sleep is homeostatically regulated. Beyond its importance in basic physiology, understanding sleep may also shed light on psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders. Recent genetic studies in mammals revealed several non-secretory proteins that determine sleep duration. Interestingly, genes identified in these studies are closely related to psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders, suggesting that the sleep-wake cycle shares some common mechanisms with these disorders. Here we review recent sleep studies, including reverse and forward genetic studies, from the perspectives of sleep duration and homeostasis. We then introduce a recent hypothesis for mammalian sleep in which the fast and slow Ca2+ -dependent hyperpolarization pathways are pivotal in generating the SWS firing pattern and regulating sleep homeostasis, respectively. Finally, we propose that these intracellular pathways are potential therapeutic targets for achieving depolarization/hyperpolarization (D/H) balance in psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoi Shi
- Dr. S. Shi, Prof. H. R. Ueda, Department of Systems Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroki R Ueda
- Dr. S. Shi, Prof. H. R. Ueda, Department of Systems Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,Prof. H. R. Ueda, Laboratory for Synthetic Biology, RIKEN Quantitative Biology Center, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-5241, Japan
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73
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Moore AA, Sawyers C, Adkins DE, Docherty AR. Opportunities for an enhanced integration of neuroscience and genomics. Brain Imaging Behav 2017; 12:1211-1219. [PMID: 29063506 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-017-9780-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Neuroimaging and genetics are two rapidly expanding fields of research. Thoughtful integration of these areas is critical for ongoing large-scale research into the genetic mechanisms underlying brain structure, function, and development. Neuroimaging genetics has been slow to evolve relative to psychiatric genetics research, and some may be unaware that new statistical methods allow for the genomic analysis of more modestly-sized imaging samples. We present a broad overview of the extant imaging genetics literature, provide an interpretation of the major problems surrounding the integration of neuroimaging and genetics, discuss the influence and impact of genetics consortia, and suggest statistical genetic analyses that expand the repertoire of imaging researchers amassing rich behavioral data in modestly-sized samples. Specific attention is paid to the creative use of polygenic risk scoring in imaging genetic analyses, with primers on the most current risk scoring applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashlee A Moore
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, 23220, USA.,Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23220, USA
| | - Chelsea Sawyers
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, 23220, USA.,Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23220, USA
| | - Daniel E Adkins
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, 23220, USA.,University Neuropsychiatric Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, 501 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City, UT, 84110, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, 84110, USA.,Department of Sociology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84110, USA
| | - Anna R Docherty
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, 23220, USA. .,University Neuropsychiatric Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, 501 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City, UT, 84110, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, 84110, USA.
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74
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Giegling I, Hosak L, Mössner R, Serretti A, Bellivier F, Claes S, Collier DA, Corrales A, DeLisi LE, Gallo C, Gill M, Kennedy JL, Leboyer M, Maier W, Marquez M, Massat I, Mors O, Muglia P, Nöthen MM, Ospina-Duque J, Owen MJ, Propping P, Shi Y, St Clair D, Thibaut F, Cichon S, Mendlewicz J, O'Donovan MC, Rujescu D. Genetics of schizophrenia: A consensus paper of the WFSBP Task Force on Genetics. World J Biol Psychiatry 2017; 18:492-505. [PMID: 28112043 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2016.1268715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Schizophrenia is a severe psychiatric disease affecting about 1% of the general population. The relative contribution of genetic factors has been estimated to be up to 80%. The mode of inheritance is complex, non-Mendelian, and in most cases involving the combined action of large numbers of genes. METHODS This review summarises recent efforts to identify genetic variants associated with schizophrenia detected, e.g., through genome-wide association studies, studies on copy-number variants or next-generation sequencing. RESULTS A large, new body of evidence on genetics of schizophrenia has accumulated over recent years. Many new robustly associated genetic loci have been detected. Furthermore, there is consensus that at least a dozen microdeletions and microduplications contribute to the disease. Genetic overlap between schizophrenia, other psychiatric disorders, and neurodevelopmental syndromes raised new questions regarding the current classification of psychiatric and neurodevelopmental diseases. CONCLUSIONS Future studies will address especially the functional characterisation of genetic variants. This will hopefully open the doors to our understanding of the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and other related diseases. Complementary, integrated systems biology approaches to genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics may also play crucial roles in enabling a precision medicine approach to the treatment of individual patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Giegling
- a Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics , Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg , Halle , Germany.,b Department of Psychiatry , Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich , Munich , Germany
| | - Ladislav Hosak
- c Department of Psychiatriy , Charles University, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital in Hradec Králové, Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Rainald Mössner
- d Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , University of Tübingen , Tübingen , Germany
| | - Alessandro Serretti
- e Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences , University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy
| | - Frank Bellivier
- f Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France AP-HP, GH Saint-Louis-Lariboisière-Fernand-Widal, Pôle Neurosciences , Paris , France.,g Equipe 1, Université Paris Diderot , Paris , France
| | - Stephan Claes
- h GRASP-Research Group, Department of Neuroscience , University of Leuven , Leuven , Belgium.,i Department of Neurosciences, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
| | - David A Collier
- j Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre , Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London , London , UK.,k Eli Lilly and Company Ltd, Erl Wood Manor , Surrey , UK
| | - Alejo Corrales
- l Argentinean Association of Biological Psychiatry , National University, UNT, Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Lynn E DeLisi
- m VA Boston Health Care System , Brockton , MA , USA.,n Department of Psychiatry , Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Carla Gallo
- o Departamento de Ciencias Celulares y Moleculares, Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía , Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia , Lima , Peru
| | - Michael Gill
- p Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry , Trinity College Dublin , Dublin , Ireland
| | - James L Kennedy
- q Neurogenetics Section, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health , Toronto , ON , Canada.,r Centre for Addiction and Mental Health , Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute , Toronto , ON , Canada.,s Department of Psychiatry , University of Toronto , Toronto , ON , Canada.,t Collaborative Program in Neuroscience, Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto , Toronto , ON , Canada
| | - Marion Leboyer
- u Equipe Psychiatrie Translationnelle, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Inserm U955 , Créteil , France.,v DHU Pe-Psy, Pôle de Psychiatrie et d'Addictologie , AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor , Créteil , France.,w Pôle de Psychiatrie , Hôpital Albert Chenevier , Créteil , France.,x Fondation FondaMental , Créteil , France
| | - Wolfgang Maier
- y Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , University of Bonn, Bonn , Germany
| | - Miguel Marquez
- z Asistencia, Docencia e Investigación en Neurociencia , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Isabelle Massat
- aa UNI - ULB Neurosciences Institute, ULB , Bruxelles , Belgium.,ab National Fund of Scientific Research (FNRS) , Bruxelles , Belgium.,ac Laboratory of Experimental Neurology , ULB , Bruxelles , Belgium.,ad UR2NF - Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Unit, Centre de Recherche Cognition et Neurosciences , Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) , Bruxelles , Belgium
| | - Ole Mors
- ae Psychosis Research Unit , Aarhus University Hospital , Risskov , Denmark.,af The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus , Denmark
| | | | - Markus M Nöthen
- ah Head, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn , Bonn , Germany.,ai Department of Genomics , Life and Brain Center , Bonn , Germany
| | - Jorge Ospina-Duque
- aj Grupo de Investigación en Psiquiatría, Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina , Universidad de Antioquia , Medellín , Colombia
| | - Michael J Owen
- ak MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine , Cardiff University , Cardiff , UK.,al National Centre for Mental Health, Cardiff University , Cardiff , UK
| | | | - YongYong Shi
- an Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , China.,ao Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabloic Disease, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University , Qingdao , P.R. China.,ap Institute of Social Cognitive and Behavioral Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , P.R. China
| | - David St Clair
- aq Department of Psychiatry, University of Aberdeen, Institute of Medical Sciences , Aberdeen , UK
| | - Florence Thibaut
- ar INSERM U 894 Centre Psychiatry and Neurosciences , University Hospital Cochin (Site Tarnier), University Sorbonne Paris Cité (Faculty of Medicine Paris Descartes) , Paris , France
| | - Sven Cichon
- ah Head, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn , Bonn , Germany.,ai Department of Genomics , Life and Brain Center , Bonn , Germany.,as Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedicine , University of Basel , Basel , Switzerland.,at Genomic Imaging, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine , Research Center Juelich , Juelich , Germany
| | - Julien Mendlewicz
- au Laboratoire de Psychologie Medicale, Centre Europe´en de Psychologie Medicale , Universite´ Libre de Bruxelles and Psy Pluriel , Brussels , Belgium
| | - Michael C O'Donovan
- ak MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine , Cardiff University , Cardiff , UK.,al National Centre for Mental Health, Cardiff University , Cardiff , UK
| | - Dan Rujescu
- a Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics , Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg , Halle , Germany.,b Department of Psychiatry , Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich , Munich , Germany
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75
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Leonenko G, Richards AL, Walters JT, Pocklington A, Chambert K, Al Eissa MM, Sharp SI, O'Brien NL, Curtis D, Bass NJ, McQuillin A, Hultman C, Moran JL, McCarroll SA, Sklar P, Neale BM, Holmans PA, Owen MJ, Sullivan PF, O'Donovan MC. Mutation intolerant genes and targets of FMRP are enriched for nonsynonymous alleles in schizophrenia. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2017; 174:724-731. [PMID: 28719003 PMCID: PMC5669020 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Risk of schizophrenia is conferred by alleles occurring across the full spectrum of frequencies from common SNPs of weak effect through to ultra rare alleles, some of which may be moderately to highly penetrant. Previous studies have suggested that some of the risk of schizophrenia is attributable to uncommon alleles represented on Illumina exome arrays. Here, we present the largest study of exomic variation in schizophrenia to date, using samples from the United Kingdom and Sweden (10,011 schizophrenia cases and 13,791 controls). Single variants, genes, and gene sets were analyzed for association with schizophrenia. No single variant or gene reached genome-wide significance. Among candidate gene sets, we found significant enrichment for rare alleles (minor allele frequency [MAF] < 0.001) in genes intolerant of loss-of-function (LoF) variation and in genes whose messenger RNAs bind to fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP). We further delineate the genetic architecture of schizophrenia by excluding a role for uncommon exomic variants (0.01 ≤ MAF ≥ 0.001) that confer a relatively large effect (odds ratio [OR] > 4). We also show risk alleles within this frequency range exist, but confer smaller effects and should be identified by larger studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganna Leonenko
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical NeurosciencesMRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University School of MedicineCardiffUK
| | - Alexander L. Richards
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical NeurosciencesMRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University School of MedicineCardiffUK
| | - James T. Walters
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical NeurosciencesMRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University School of MedicineCardiffUK
| | - Andrew Pocklington
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical NeurosciencesMRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University School of MedicineCardiffUK
| | - Kimberly Chambert
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric ResearchBroad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeMassachusetts
| | - Mariam M. Al Eissa
- Division of Psychiatry, Molecular Psychiatry LaboratoryUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Sally I. Sharp
- Division of Psychiatry, Molecular Psychiatry LaboratoryUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Niamh L. O'Brien
- Division of Psychiatry, Molecular Psychiatry LaboratoryUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | | | - Nicholas J. Bass
- Division of Psychiatry, Molecular Psychiatry LaboratoryUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Andrew McQuillin
- Division of Psychiatry, Molecular Psychiatry LaboratoryUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Christina Hultman
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and BiostatisticsKarolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
| | - Jennifer L. Moran
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric ResearchBroad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeMassachusetts
| | - Steven A. McCarroll
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric ResearchBroad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeMassachusetts
- Program in Medical and Population GeneticsBroad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeMassachusetts
- Department of GeneticsHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusetts
| | - Pamela Sklar
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew York
| | - Benjamin M. Neale
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric ResearchBroad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeMassachusetts
- Analytical and Translational Genetics UnitMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusetts
| | - Peter A. Holmans
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical NeurosciencesMRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University School of MedicineCardiffUK
| | - Michael J. Owen
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical NeurosciencesMRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University School of MedicineCardiffUK
| | - Patrick F. Sullivan
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and BiostatisticsKarolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
- Departments of Genetics and PsychiatryUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNorth Carolina
| | - Michael C. O'Donovan
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical NeurosciencesMRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University School of MedicineCardiffUK
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Fukuda T, Yanagi S. Psychiatric behaviors associated with cytoskeletal defects in radial neuronal migration. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:3533-3552. [PMID: 28516224 PMCID: PMC11107632 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2539-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Normal development of the cerebral cortex is an important process for higher brain functions, such as language, and cognitive and social functions. Psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia and autism, are thought to develop owing to various dysfunctions occurring during the development of the cerebral cortex. Radial neuronal migration in the embryonic cerebral cortex is a complex process, which is achieved by strict control of cytoskeletal dynamics, and impairments in this process are suggested to cause various psychiatric disorders. Our recent findings indicate that radial neuronal migration as well as psychiatric behaviors is rescued by controlling microtubule stability during the embryonic stage. In this review, we outline the relationship between psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia and autism, and radial neuronal migration in the cerebral cortex by focusing on the cytoskeleton and centrosomes. New treatment strategies for psychiatric disorders will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshifumi Fukuda
- Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan.
| | - Shigeru Yanagi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan.
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Fatima A, Farooq M, Abdullah U, Tariq M, Mustafa T, Iqbal M, Tommerup N, Mahmood Baig S. Genome-Wide Supported Risk Variants in MIR137, CACNA1C, CSMD1, DRD2, and GRM3 Contribute to Schizophrenia Susceptibility in Pakistani Population. Psychiatry Investig 2017; 14:687-692. [PMID: 29042896 PMCID: PMC5639139 DOI: 10.4306/pi.2017.14.5.687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Schizophrenia is a chronic neuropsychiatric disease afflicting around 1.1% of the population worldwide. Recently, MIR137, CACNA1C, CSMD1, DRD2, and GRM3 have been reported as the most robustly emerging candidates involved in the etiology of schizophrenia. In this case control study, we performed an association analysis of rs1625579 (MIR137), rs1006737, rs4765905 (CACNA1C), rs10503253 (CSMD1), rs1076560 (DRD2), rs12704290, rs6465084, and rs148754219 (GRM3) in Pakistani population. METHODS Schizophrenia was diagnosed on the basis of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 4th ed (DSM-IV). Detailed clinical information, family history of all patients and healthy controls were collected. RFLP based case control association study was performed in a Pakistani cohort of 508 schizophrenia patients and 300 healthy control subjects. Alleles and genotype frequencies were calculated using SPSS. RESULTS A significant difference in the genotype and allele frequencies for rs4765905, rs1076560 and rs6465084 were found between the patients and controls (p=0.000). CONCLUSION This study provides substantial evidence supporting the role of CACNA1C, GRM3 and DRD2 as schizophrenia susceptibility genes in Pakistani population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambrin Fatima
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), PIEAS, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Farooq
- Wilhelm Johannsen Centre for Functional Genome Research, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Uzma Abdullah
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), PIEAS, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tariq
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), PIEAS, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Tanveer Mustafa
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), PIEAS, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Niels Tommerup
- Wilhelm Johannsen Centre for Functional Genome Research, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Shahid Mahmood Baig
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), PIEAS, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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He K, Guo C, He L, Shi Y. MiRNAs of peripheral blood as the biomarker of schizophrenia. Hereditas 2017; 155:9. [PMID: 28860957 PMCID: PMC5575894 DOI: 10.1186/s41065-017-0044-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis of schizophrenia is currently based on the symptoms and bodily signs rather than on the pathological and physiological markers of the patient. In the search for new molecular targeted therapy medicines, and recurrence of early-warning indicators have become the major focus of contemporary research, because they improve diagnostic accuracy. Biomarkers reflect the physiological, physical and biochemical status of the body, and so have extensive applicability and practical significance. The ascertainment of schizophrenia biomarkers will help diagnose, stratify of disease, and treat of schizophrenia patients. The detection of biomarkers from blood has become a promising area of schizophrenia research. Recently, a series of studies revealed that, MiRNAs play an important role in the genesis of schizophrenia, and their abnormal expressions have the potential to be used as biomarkers of schizophrenia. This article presents and summarizes the value of peripheral blood miRNAs with abnormal expression as the biomarker of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuanjun He
- College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia 028043 People’s Republic of China
| | - Chuang Guo
- College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia 028043 People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin He
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030 People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030 People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Neuropsychiatric Science and Systems Biological Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200042 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongyong Shi
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030 People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030 People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Neuropsychiatric Science and Systems Biological Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200042 People’s Republic of China
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79
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Kantojärvi K, Liuhanen J, Saarenpää-Heikkilä O, Satomaa AL, Kylliäinen A, Pölkki P, Jaatela J, Toivola A, Milani L, Himanen SL, Porkka-Heiskanen T, Paavonen J, Paunio T. Variants in calcium voltage-gated channel subunit Alpha1 C-gene (CACNA1C) are associated with sleep latency in infants. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180652. [PMID: 28792954 PMCID: PMC5549883 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic variants in CACNA1C (calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 C) are associated with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia where sleep disturbances are common. In an experimental model, Cacna1c has been found to modulate the electrophysiological architecture of sleep. There are strong genetic influences for consolidation of sleep in infancy, but only a few studies have thus far researched the genetic factors underlying the process. We hypothesized that genetic variants in CACNA1C affect the regulation of sleep in early development. Seven variants that were earlier associated (genome-wide significantly) with psychiatric disorders at CACNA1C were selected for analyses. The study sample consists of 1086 infants (520 girls and 566 boys) from the Finnish CHILD-SLEEP birth cohort (genotyped by Illumina Infinium PsychArray BeadChip). Sleep length, latency, and nightly awakenings were reported by the parents of the infants with a home-delivered questionnaire at 8 months of age. The genetic influence of CACNA1C variants on sleep in infants was examined by using PLINK software. Three of the examined CACNA1C variants, rs4765913, rs4765914, and rs2239063, were associated with sleep latency (permuted P<0.05). There was no significant association between studied variants and night awakenings or sleep duration. CACNA1C variants for psychiatric disorders were found to be associated with long sleep latency among 8-month-old infants. It remains to be clarified whether the findings refer to defective regulation of sleep, or to distractibility of sleep under external influences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katri Kantojärvi
- Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Liuhanen
- Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Anna-Liisa Satomaa
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Tampere University Hospital, Medical Imaging Centre and Hospital Pharmacy, Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland
| | - Anneli Kylliäinen
- School of Social Sciences and Humanities/Psychology, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Pirjo Pölkki
- Department of Social Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Julia Jaatela
- Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Auli Toivola
- Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lili Milani
- The Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Sari-Leena Himanen
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Tampere University Hospital, Medical Imaging Centre and Hospital Pharmacy, Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Juulia Paavonen
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tiina Paunio
- Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Abstract
Schizophrenia is a devastating illness that affects up to 1% of the population; it is characterized by a combination of positive symptoms, negative symptoms, and cognitive impairment. Currently, treatment consists of one class of medications known as antipsychotics, which include typical (first-generation) and atypical (second-generation) agents. Unfortunately, antipsychotic medications have limited efficacy, with up to a third of patients lacking a full response. Clozapine, the first atypical antipsychotic developed, is the only medication shown to be superior to all other antipsychotics. However, owing to several life-threatening side effects and required enrollment in a registry with routine blood monitoring, clozapine is greatly underutilized in the US. Developing a medication as efficacious as clozapine with limited side effects would likely become the first-line therapy for schizophrenia and related disorders. In this review, we discuss the history of clozapine, landmark studies, and its clinical advantages and disadvantages. We further discuss the hypotheses for clozapine's superior efficacy based on neuroreceptor binding, and the limitations of a receptor-based approach to antipsychotic development. We highlight some of the advances from pharmacogenetic studies on clozapine and then focus on studies of clozapine using unbiased approaches such as pharmacogenomics and gene expression profiling. Finally, we examine how these approaches could provide insights into clozapine's mechanism of action and side-effect profile, and lead to novel and improved therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick C Nucifora
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | | | - Brian J Lee
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Akira Sawa
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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81
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Zhuo C, Hou W, Lin C, Hu L, Li J. Potential Value of Genomic Copy Number Variations in Schizophrenia. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:204. [PMID: 28680393 PMCID: PMC5478687 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a devastating neuropsychiatric disorder affecting approximately 1% of the global population, and the disease has imposed a considerable burden on families and society. Although, the exact cause of schizophrenia remains unknown, several lines of scientific evidence have revealed that genetic variants are strongly correlated with the development and early onset of the disease. In fact, the heritability among patients suffering from schizophrenia is as high as 80%. Genomic copy number variations (CNVs) are one of the main forms of genomic variations, ubiquitously occurring in the human genome. An increasing number of studies have shown that CNVs account for population diversity and genetically related diseases, including schizophrenia. The last decade has witnessed rapid advances in the development of novel genomic technologies, which have led to the identification of schizophrenia-associated CNVs, insight into the roles of the affected genes in their intervals in schizophrenia, and successful manipulation of the target CNVs. In this review, we focus on the recent discoveries of important CNVs that are associated with schizophrenia and outline the potential values that the study of CNVs will bring to the areas of schizophrenia research, diagnosis, and therapy. Furthermore, with the help of the novel genetic tool known as the Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats-associated nuclease 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) system, the pathogenic CNVs as genomic defects could be corrected. In conclusion, the recent novel findings of schizophrenia-associated CNVs offer an exciting opportunity for schizophrenia research to decipher the pathological mechanisms underlying the onset and development of schizophrenia as well as to provide potential clinical applications in genetic counseling, diagnosis, and therapy for this complex mental disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanjun Zhuo
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Wenzhou Seventh People's HospitalWenzhou, China.,Department of Psychological Medicine, Tianjin Anding HospitalTianjin, China
| | - Weihong Hou
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at CharlotteCharlotte, NC, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou, China
| | - Chongguang Lin
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Wenzhou Seventh People's HospitalWenzhou, China
| | - Lirong Hu
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Wenzhou Seventh People's HospitalWenzhou, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Tianjin Anding HospitalTianjin, China
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82
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Hamedani SY, Gharesouran J, Noroozi R, Sayad A, Omrani MD, Mir A, Afjeh SSA, Toghi M, Manoochehrabadi S, Ghafouri-Fard S, Taheri M. Ras-like without CAAX 2 (RIT2): a susceptibility gene for autism spectrum disorder. Metab Brain Dis 2017; 32:751-755. [PMID: 28190241 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-017-9969-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ras-like without CAAX2 (RIT2) which encodes a GTP-binding protein has recently been reported as a new susceptibility gene for Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) in a genome-wide association study. Since the gene is suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of different neurological diseases, we investigated the association of two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) rs16976358 and rs4130047 of this gene with ASD in Iranian patients. A total of 1004 individuals, comprising 532 ASD cases and 472 healthy subjects participated in this study. Allele frequency analyses showed significant over-presentation of rs16976358-C allele in cases versus controls (P < 0.0001). In addition, rs16976358 CC genotype (OR (95% CI) =3.57(1.72-7.69) and P < 0.0001) and rs4130047 CC genotype (OR (95% CI) =0.64(0.43-0.97) and P = 0.035) were associated with ASD in recessive inheritance model. Besides, haplotype analysis demonstrated an association between the C/T haplotype block (rs16976358/rs4130047) and ASD (OR (95%CI) = 0.44 (0.31-0.62), P < 0.0001). Altogether, our findings provided additional confirmation for the RIT2 gene participation in ASD risk and suggested the rs16976358 variant as a possible genetic risk factor for this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jalal Gharesouran
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 8th Floor, SBUMS Bldg., Next to Ayatollah Taleghani Hospital, Evin, Tehran, 198396-3113, Iran
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Rezvan Noroozi
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Arezou Sayad
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 8th Floor, SBUMS Bldg., Next to Ayatollah Taleghani Hospital, Evin, Tehran, 198396-3113, Iran
| | - Mir Davood Omrani
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 8th Floor, SBUMS Bldg., Next to Ayatollah Taleghani Hospital, Evin, Tehran, 198396-3113, Iran
- Urogenital Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atefeh Mir
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sistan and Balouchestan, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Sarah Sadat Aghabozrg Afjeh
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 8th Floor, SBUMS Bldg., Next to Ayatollah Taleghani Hospital, Evin, Tehran, 198396-3113, Iran
| | - Mehdi Toghi
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 8th Floor, SBUMS Bldg., Next to Ayatollah Taleghani Hospital, Evin, Tehran, 198396-3113, Iran
| | - Saba Manoochehrabadi
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 8th Floor, SBUMS Bldg., Next to Ayatollah Taleghani Hospital, Evin, Tehran, 198396-3113, Iran
| | - Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 8th Floor, SBUMS Bldg., Next to Ayatollah Taleghani Hospital, Evin, Tehran, 198396-3113, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 8th Floor, SBUMS Bldg., Next to Ayatollah Taleghani Hospital, Evin, Tehran, 198396-3113, Iran.
- Urogenital Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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83
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Terrillion CE, Dao DT, Cachope R, Lobo MK, Puche AC, Cheer JF, Gould TD. Reduced levels of Cacna1c attenuate mesolimbic dopamine system function. GENES, BRAIN, AND BEHAVIOR 2017; 16:495-505. [PMID: 28186690 PMCID: PMC5457318 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Genetic variation in CACNA1C, which codes for the L-type calcium channel (LTCC) Cav 1.2, is associated with clinical diagnoses of bipolar disorder, depression and schizophrenia. Dysregulation of the mesolimbic-dopamine (ML-DA) system is linked to these syndromes and LTCCs are required for normal DAergic neurotransmission between the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and nucleus accumbens (NAc). It is unclear, however, how variations in CACNA1C genotype, and potential subsequent changes in expression levels in these regions, modify risk. Using constitutive and conditional knockout mice, and treatment with the LTCC antagonist nimodipine, we examined the role of Cacna1c in DA-mediated behaviors elicited by psychomotor stimulants. Using fast-scan cyclic voltammetry, DA release and reuptake in the NAc were measured. We find that subsecond DA release in Cacna1c haploinsufficient mice lacks normal sensitivity to inhibition of the DA transporter (DAT). Constitutive haploinsufficiency of Cacna1c led to attenuation of hyperlocomotion following acute administration of stimulants specific to DAT, and locomotor sensitization of these mice to the DAT antagonist GBR12909 did not reach the same level as wild-type mice. The maintenance of sensitization to GBR12909 was attenuated by administration of nimodipine. Sensitization to GBR12909 was attenuated in mice with reduced Cacna1c selectively in the VTA but not in the NAc. Our findings show that Cacna1c is crucial for normal behavioral responses to DA stimulants and that its activity in the VTA is required for behavioral sensitization. Cacna1c likely exerts these effects through modifications to presynaptic ML-DA system function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantelle E. Terrillion
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - David T. Dao
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Roger Cachope
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Mary Kay Lobo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Adam C. Puche
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Joseph F. Cheer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Todd D. Gould
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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84
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Smeland OB, Wang Y, Lo MT, Li W, Frei O, Witoelar A, Tesli M, Hinds DA, Tung JY, Djurovic S, Chen CH, Dale AM, Andreassen OA. Identification of genetic loci shared between schizophrenia and the Big Five personality traits. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2222. [PMID: 28533504 PMCID: PMC5440373 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02346-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is associated with differences in personality traits, and recent studies suggest that personality traits and schizophrenia share a genetic basis. Here we aimed to identify specific genetic loci shared between schizophrenia and the Big Five personality traits using a Bayesian statistical framework. Using summary statistics from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on personality traits in the 23andMe cohort (n = 59,225) and schizophrenia in the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium cohort (n = 82,315), we evaluated overlap in common genetic variants. The Big Five personality traits neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness and conscientiousness were measured using a web implementation of the Big Five Inventory. Applying the conditional false discovery rate approach, we increased discovery of genetic loci and identified two loci shared between neuroticism and schizophrenia and six loci shared between openness and schizophrenia. The study provides new insights into the relationship between personality traits and schizophrenia by highlighting genetic loci involved in their common genetic etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olav B Smeland
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0407, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Yunpeng Wang
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0407, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, United States of America
| | - Min-Tzu Lo
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, United States of America
| | - Wen Li
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0407, Oslo, Norway
| | - Oleksandr Frei
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0407, Oslo, Norway
| | - Aree Witoelar
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0407, Oslo, Norway
| | - Martin Tesli
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0407, Oslo, Norway
- Lovisenberg Diakonale Hospital, 0456, Oslo, Norway
| | - David A Hinds
- 23andMe, Inc., Mountain View, CA, 94041, United States of America
| | - Joyce Y Tung
- 23andMe, Inc., Mountain View, CA, 94041, United States of America
| | - Srdjan Djurovic
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Chi-Hua Chen
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, United States of America
| | - Anders M Dale
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0407, Oslo, Norway.
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85
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PKBγ/AKT3 loss-of-function causes learning and memory deficits and deregulation of AKT/mTORC2 signaling: Relevance for schizophrenia. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175993. [PMID: 28467426 PMCID: PMC5414975 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychiatric genetic studies have identified genome-wide significant loci for schizophrenia. The AKT3/1q44 locus is a principal risk region and gene-network analyses identify AKT3 polymorphisms as a constituent of several neurobiological pathways relevant to psychiatric risk; the neurobiological mechanisms remain unknown. AKT3 shows prenatal enrichment during human neocortical development and recurrent copy number variations involving the 1q43-44 locus are associated with cortical malformations and intellectual disability, implicating an essential role in early brain development. Here, we investigated the role of AKT3 as it relates to aspects of learning and memory and behavioral function, relevant to schizophrenia and cognitive disability, utilizing a novel murine model of Akt3 genetic deficiency. Akt3 heterozygous (Akt3-/+) or null mice (Akt3-/-) were assessed in a comprehensive test battery. Brain biochemical studies were conducted to assess the impact of Akt3 deficiency on cortical Akt/mTOR signaling. Akt3-/+ and Akt3-/- mice exhibited selective deficits of temporal order discrimination and spatial memory, tasks critically dependent on intact prefrontal-hippocampal circuitry, but showed normal prepulse inhibition, fear conditioned learning, memory for novel objects and social function. Akt3 loss-of-function, reduced brain size and dramatically impaired cortical Akt Ser473 activation in an allele-dose dependent manner. Such changes were observed in the absence of altered Akt1 or Akt2 protein expression. Concomitant reduction of the mTORC2 complex proteins, Rictor and Sin1 identifies a potential mechanism. Our findings provide novel insight into the neurodevelopmental role of Akt3, identify a non-redundant role for Akt3 in the development of prefrontal cortical-mediated cognitive function and show that Akt3 is potentially the dominant regulator of AKT/mTOR signaling in brain.
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86
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Kim D, Volk H, Girirajan S, Pendergrass S, Hall MA, Verma SS, Schmidt RJ, Hansen RL, Ghosh D, Ludena-Rodriguez Y, Kim K, Ritchie MD, Hertz-Picciotto I, Selleck SB. The joint effect of air pollution exposure and copy number variation on risk for autism. Autism Res 2017; 10:1470-1480. [PMID: 28448694 DOI: 10.1002/aur.1799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder is a complex trait with a high degree of heritability as well as documented susceptibility from environmental factors. In this study the contributions of copy number variation, exposure to air pollutants, and the interaction between the two on autism risk, were evaluated in the population-based case-control Childhood Autism Risks from Genetics and Environment (CHARGE) Study. For the current investigation, we included only those CHARGE children (a) who met criteria for autism or typical development and (b) for whom our team had conducted both genetic evaluation of copy number burden and determination of environmental air pollution exposures based on mapping addresses from the pregnancy and early childhood. This sample consisted of 158 cases of children with autism and 147 controls with typical development. Multiple logistic regression models were fit with and without environmental variable-copy number burden interactions. We found no correlation between average air pollution exposure from conception to age 2 years and the child's CNV burden. We found a significant interaction in which a 1SD increase in duplication burden combined with a 1SD increase in ozone exposure was associated with an elevated autism risk (OR 3.4, P < 0.005) much greater than the increased risks associated with either genomic duplication (OR 1.85, 95% CI 1.25-2.73) or ozone (OR 1.20, 95% CI 0.93-1.54) alone. Similar results were obtained when CNV and ozone were dichotomized to compare those in the top quartile relative to those having a smaller CNV burden and lower exposure to ozone, and when exposures were assessed separately for pregnancy, the first year of life, and the second year of life. No interactions were observed for other air pollutants, even those that demonstrated main effects; ozone tends to be negatively correlated with the other pollutants examined. While earlier work has demonstrated interactions between the presence of a pathogenic CNV and an environmental exposure [Webb et al., 2016], these findings appear to be the first indication that global copy number variation may increase susceptibility to certain environmental factors, and underscore the need to consider both genomics and environmental exposures as well as the mechanisms by which each may amplify the risks for autism associated with the other. Autism Res 2017, 10: 1470-1480. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dokyoon Kim
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802.,Biomedical & Translational Informatics Institute, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA, 17822
| | - Heather Volk
- Department of Mental Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205
| | - Santhosh Girirajan
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802
| | - Sarah Pendergrass
- Biomedical & Translational Informatics Institute, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA, 17822
| | - Molly A Hall
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802
| | - Shefali S Verma
- Biomedical & Translational Informatics Institute, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA, 17822
| | - Rebecca J Schmidt
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA.,The MIND (Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders) Institute, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Robin L Hansen
- The MIND (Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders) Institute, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA.,Department of Pediatrics, Davis School of Medicine, University of California, Sacramento, CA, 95817
| | - Debashis Ghosh
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045
| | | | | | - Marylyn D Ritchie
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802.,Biomedical & Translational Informatics Institute, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA, 17822
| | - Irva Hertz-Picciotto
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA.,The MIND (Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders) Institute, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Scott B Selleck
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802
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87
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Abstract
Schizophrenia (SZ) is a debilitating brain disorder with a complex genetic architecture. Genetic studies, especially recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS), have identified multiple variants (loci) conferring risk to SZ. However, how to efficiently extract meaningful biological information from bulk genetic findings of SZ remains a major challenge. There is a pressing need to integrate multiple layers of data from various sources, eg, genetic findings from GWAS, copy number variations (CNVs), association and linkage studies, gene expression, protein-protein interaction (PPI), co-expression, expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL), and Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) data, to provide a comprehensive resource to facilitate the translation of genetic findings into SZ molecular diagnosis and mechanism study. Here we developed the SZDB database (http://www.szdb.org/), a comprehensive resource for SZ research. SZ genetic data, gene expression data, network-based data, brain eQTL data, and SNP function annotation information were systematically extracted, curated and deposited in SZDB. In-depth analyses and systematic integration were performed to identify top prioritized SZ genes and enriched pathways. Multiple types of data from various layers of SZ research were systematically integrated and deposited in SZDB. In-depth data analyses and integration identified top prioritized SZ genes and enriched pathways. We further showed that genes implicated in SZ are highly co-expressed in human brain and proteins encoded by the prioritized SZ risk genes are significantly interacted. The user-friendly SZDB provides high-confidence candidate variants and genes for further functional characterization. More important, SZDB provides convenient online tools for data search and browse, data integration, and customized data analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, China;,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Yong-Gang Yao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, China;,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China;,CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China,YGY and XJL are co-corresponding authors who jointly directed this work
| | - Xiong-Jian Luo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, China;,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China;,YGY and XJL are co-corresponding authors who jointly directed this work
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88
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Roostaei T, Nazeri A, Felsky D, De Jager PL, Schneider JA, Pollock BG, Bennett DA, Voineskos AN. Genome-wide interaction study of brain beta-amyloid burden and cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease. Mol Psychiatry 2017; 22:287-295. [PMID: 27021820 PMCID: PMC5042808 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2016.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The lack of strong association between brain beta-amyloid deposition and cognitive impairment has been a challenge for the Alzheimer's disease (AD) field. Although beta-amyloid is necessary for the pathologic diagnosis of AD, it is not sufficient to make the pathologic diagnosis or cause dementia. We sought to identify the genetic modifiers of the relation between cortical beta-amyloid burden (measured using [18F]Florbetapir-PET) and cognitive dysfunction (measured using ADAS-cog) by conducting a genome-wide interaction study on baseline data from participants in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) phases GO/2 (n=678). Near genome-wide significant interaction effect was observed for rs73069071 within the IAPP (amylin) and SLCO1A2 genes (P=6.2 × 10-8). Congruent results were found using data from participants followed up from ADNI-1 (Pone-tailed=0.028, n=165). Meta-analysis across ADNI-GO/2 and ADNI-1 revealed a genome-wide significant interaction effect (P=1.1 × 10-8). Our results were further supported by similar interaction effects on temporal lobe cortical thickness (whole-brain voxelwise analysis: familywise error corrected P=0.013) and longitudinal changes in ADAS-cog score and left middle temporal thickness and amygdalar volume (Pone-tailed=0.026, 0.019 and 0.003, respectively). Using postmortem beta-amyloid immunohistochemistry data from 243 AD participants in the Religious Orders Study and Memory and Aging Project, we also observed similar rs73069071-by-beta-amyloid deposition interaction effect on global cognitive function (Pone-tailed=0.005). Our findings provide insight into the complexity of the relationship between beta-amyloid burden and AD-related cognitive impairment. Although functional studies are required to elucidate the role of rs73069071 in AD pathophysiology, our results support the recently growing evidence on the role of amylin in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Roostaei
- Kimel Family Translational Imaging-Genetics Laboratory, Research Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - A Nazeri
- Kimel Family Translational Imaging-Genetics Laboratory, Research Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - D Felsky
- Kimel Family Translational Imaging-Genetics Laboratory, Research Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - P L De Jager
- Program in Translational NeuroPsychiatric Genomics, Institute for the Neurosciences, Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - J A Schneider
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Pathology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - B G Pollock
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Geriatric Psychiatry Division, Campbell Family Mental Health Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - D A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - A N Voineskos
- Kimel Family Translational Imaging-Genetics Laboratory, Research Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Underserved Populations Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
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89
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Schizophrenia risk variants in ITIH4 and CALN1 regulate gene expression in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Psychiatr Genet 2017; 26:142-3. [PMID: 26991396 DOI: 10.1097/ypg.0000000000000127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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90
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Abstract
Epidemiological studies and mouse models suggest that maternal immune activation, induced clinically through prenatal exposure to one of several infectious diseases, is a risk factor in the development of schizophrenia. This is supported by the strong genetic association established by genome wide association studies (GWAS) between the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) locus and schizophrenia. HLA proteins (also known in mice as the major histocompatibility complex; MHC) are mediators of the T-lymphocyte responses, and genetic variability is well-established as a risk factor for autoimmune diseases and susceptibility to infectious diseases. Taken together, the findings strongly suggest that schizophrenia risk in a subgroup of patients is caused by an infectious disease, and/or an autoimmune phenomenon. However, this view may be overly simplistic. First, MHC proteins have a non-immune effect on synaptogenesis by modulating synaptic pruning by microglia and other mechanisms, suggesting that genetic variability could be compromising this physiological process. Second, some GWAS signals in the HLA locus map near non-HLA genes, such as the histone gene cluster. On the other hand, recent GWAS data show association signals near B-lymphocyte enhancers, which lend support for an infectious disease etiology. Thus, although the genetic findings implicating the HLA locus are very robust, how genetic variability in this region leads to schizophrenia remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Mokhtari
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Herbert M Lachman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, New York, USA; Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, New York, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, New York, USA; Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, New York, USA
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91
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Liu J, Li M, Su B. GWAS-identified schizophrenia risk SNPs at TSPAN18 are highly diverged between Europeans and East Asians. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2016; 171:1032-1040. [PMID: 27312590 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified multiple schizophrenia (SCZ) risk variants for samples of European and East Asian descent, but most of the identified susceptibility variants are population-specific to either Europeans or East Asians. This strong genetic heterogeneity suggests that differential population histories may play a role in SCZ susceptibility. Here, we explored this possibility by examining the allele frequency divergence of 136 previously reported genome-wide SCZ risk SNPs between European and East Asian populations. Our results showed that two SNPs (rs11038167 and rs11038172) at TSPAN18, reported as genome-wide significant SCZ risk variants in Han Chinese, were entirely monomorphic in Europeans, indicating a deep between-population divergence at this gene locus. To explore the evolutionary history of TSPAN18 in East Asians, we conducted population genetic analyses including multiple neutrality tests, the haplotype-based iHS and EHH tests, as well as haplotype bifurcation map and network constructions. We found that the protective allele of rs11038172 (G allele) had a long extended haplotype with much slower decay compared to the A allele. The star-like shape of the G-allele-carrying haplotypes indicates a recent enrichment in East Asians. Together, the evidences suggest that the protective allele of rs11038172 has experienced recent Darwinian positive selection in East Asians. These findings provide new insights that may help explain the strong genetic heterogeneity in SCZ risk and previous inconsistent association results for SCZ among both Europeans and East Asians. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiewei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China.,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Ming Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Bing Su
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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92
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Gregersen NO, Lescai F, Liang J, Li Q, Als T, Buttenschøn HN, Hedemand A, Biskopstø M, Wang J, Wang AG, Børglum AD, Mors O, Demontis D. Whole-exome sequencing implicates DGKH as a risk gene for panic disorder in the Faroese population. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2016; 171:1013-1022. [PMID: 27255576 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The demographic history of the isolated population of the Faroe Islands may have induced enrichment of variants rarely seen in outbred European populations, including enrichment of risk variants for panic disorder (PD). PD is a common mental disorder, characterized by recurring and unprovoked panic attacks, and genetic factors have been estimated to explain around 40% of the risk. In this study the potential enrichment of PD risk variants was explored based on whole-exome sequencing of 54 patients with PD and 211 control individuals from the Faroese population. No genome-wide significant associations were found, however several single variants and genes showed strong association with PD, where DGKH was found to be the strongest PD associated gene. Interestingly DGKH has previously demonstrated genome-wide significant association with bipolar disorder as well as evidence of association to other mental disorders. Additionally, we found an enrichment of PD risk variants in the Faroese population; variants with otherwise low frequency in more outbreed European populations. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noomi O Gregersen
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Biomedicine and Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark.,Genetic Biobank of the Faroe Islands, Torshavn, Faroe Islands
| | - Francesco Lescai
- Department of Biomedicine and Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | | | - Thomas Als
- Department of Biomedicine and Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Henriette N Buttenschøn
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anne Hedemand
- Department of Biomedicine and Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Jun Wang
- Department of Biomedicine and Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - August G Wang
- Centre of Psychiatry Amager, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders D Børglum
- Department of Biomedicine and Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ole Mors
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark.,Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov, Denmark
| | - Ditte Demontis
- Department of Biomedicine and Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
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93
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94
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Separating the wheat from the chaff: systematic identification of functionally relevant noncoding variants in ADHD. Mol Psychiatry 2016; 21:1589-1598. [PMID: 27113999 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2016.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a highly heritable psychiatric condition with negative lifetime outcomes. Uncovering its genetic architecture should yield important insights into the neurobiology of ADHD and assist development of novel treatment strategies. Twenty years of candidate gene investigations and more recently genome-wide association studies have identified an array of potential association signals. In this context, separating the likely true from false associations ('the wheat' from 'the chaff') will be crucial for uncovering the functional biology of ADHD. Here, we defined a set of 2070 DNA variants that showed evidence of association with ADHD (or were in linkage disequilibrium). More than 97% of these variants were noncoding, and were prioritised for further exploration using two tools-genome-wide annotation of variants (GWAVA) and Combined Annotation-Dependent Depletion (CADD)-that were recently developed to rank variants based upon their likely pathogenicity. Capitalising on recent efforts such as the Encyclopaedia of DNA Elements and US National Institutes of Health Roadmap Epigenomics Projects to improve understanding of the noncoding genome, we subsequently identified 65 variants to which we assigned functional annotations, based upon their likely impact on alternative splicing, transcription factor binding and translational regulation. We propose that these 65 variants, which possess not only a high likelihood of pathogenicity but also readily testable functional hypotheses, represent a tractable shortlist for future experimental validation in ADHD. Taken together, this study brings into sharp focus the likely relevance of noncoding variants for the genetic risk associated with ADHD, and more broadly suggests a bioinformatics approach that should be relevant to other psychiatric disorders.
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95
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The implications of the shared genetics of psychiatric disorders. Nat Med 2016; 22:1214-1219. [DOI: 10.1038/nm.4196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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96
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Brandl EJ, Lett TA, Chowdhury NI, Tiwari AK, Bakanidze G, Meltzer HY, Potkin SG, Lieberman JA, Kennedy JL, Müller DJ. The role of the ITIH3 rs2535629 variant in antipsychotic response. Schizophr Res 2016; 176:131-135. [PMID: 27396837 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2016.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is mounting evidence that schizophrenia risk variants influence response to antipsychotic medication. Common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in or near the inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H3 (ITIH3) gene have been repeatedly associated with schizophrenia and related psychiatric disorders in genome-wide association studies. Here, we provide the first study to assess the relevance of the ITIH3 rs2535629 SNP in response to antipsychotic medication. METHODS The rs2535629 SNP was genotyped in N=256 patients receiving various antipsychotics for up to 26weeks. Treatment response was assessed using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) including its positive and negative subscales. Follow-up analyses were performed after stratifying for ethnicity and medication. RESULTS We found significant association of rs2535629 with improvement of negative symptoms in patients of European ancestry after six months of clozapine treatment (F1,87=8.8, pcorr=0.032). Patients homozygous for the minor A-allele showed the best improvement of negative BPRS scores. However, we observed no association between rs2535629 and changes in total BPRS score in the entire sample or the clozapine-treated subgroup. DISCUSSION Although there was no association of genotype with overall changes in BPRS scores, the greater improvement of negative symptoms in minor allele carriers indicates that rs2535629 may help to identify a subset of schizophrenia patients with better treatment response to clozapine. Therefore, our findings provide the first suggestive evidence that rs2535629 is relevant in antipsychotic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Brandl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Mitte, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Pharmacogenetics Research Clinic, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - T A Lett
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Mitte, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - N I Chowdhury
- Pharmacogenetics Research Clinic, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - A K Tiwari
- Pharmacogenetics Research Clinic, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - G Bakanidze
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Mitte, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - H Y Meltzer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - S G Potkin
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, CA, USA
| | - J A Lieberman
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York City, NY, USA
| | - J L Kennedy
- Pharmacogenetics Research Clinic, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - D J Müller
- Pharmacogenetics Research Clinic, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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97
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Sittig LJ, Carbonetto P, Engel KA, Krauss KS, Barrios-Camacho CM, Palmer AA. Genetic Background Limits Generalizability of Genotype-Phenotype Relationships. Neuron 2016; 91:1253-1259. [PMID: 27618673 PMCID: PMC5033712 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2016.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified numerous loci that influence risk for psychiatric diseases. Genetically engineered mice are often used to characterize genes implicated by GWASs. These studies are based on the assumption that observed genotype-phenotype relationships will generalize to humans, implying that the results would at least generalize to other inbred mouse strains. Given current concerns about reproducibility, we sought to directly test this assumption. We produced F1 crosses between male C57BL/6J mice heterozygous for null alleles of Cacna1c and Tcf7l2 and wild-type females from 30 inbred laboratory strains. We found extremely strong interactions with genetic background that sometimes supported diametrically opposing conclusions. These results do not negate the invaluable contributions of mouse genetics to biomedical science, but they do show that genotype-phenotype relationships cannot be reliably inferred by studying a single genetic background, and thus constitute a major challenge to the status quo. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Sittig
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, 920 East 58th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Peter Carbonetto
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, 920 East 58th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Kyle A Engel
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, 920 East 58th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Kathleen S Krauss
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, 920 East 58th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Camila M Barrios-Camacho
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, 920 East 58th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Abraham A Palmer
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, 920 East 58th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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98
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Gonzalez S, Gupta J, Villa E, Mallawaarachchi I, Rodriguez M, Ramirez M, Zavala J, Armas R, Dassori A, Contreras J, Flores D, Jerez A, Ontiveros A, Nicolini H, Escamilla M. Replication of genome-wide association study (GWAS) susceptibility loci in a Latino bipolar disorder cohort. Bipolar Disord 2016; 18:520-527. [PMID: 27759212 PMCID: PMC5095871 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.12438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recent genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified numerous putative genetic polymorphisms associated with bipolar disorder (BD) and/or schizophrenia (SC). We hypothesized that a portion of these polymorphisms would also be associated with BD in the Latino American population. To identify such regions, we tested previously identified genetic variants associated with BD and/or SC and ancestral haploblocks containing these single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a sample of Latino subjects with BD. METHODS A total of 2254 Latino individuals were genotyped for 91 SNPs identified in previous BD and/or SC GWASs, along with selected SNPs in strong linkage disequilibrium with these markers. Family-based single marker and haplotype association testing was performed using the PBAT software package. Empirical P-values were derived from 10 000 permutations. RESULTS Associations of eight a priori GWAS SNPs with BD were replicated with nominal (P≤.05) levels of significance. These included SNPs within nuclear factor I A (NFIA), serologically defined colon cancer antigen 8 (SDCCAG8), lysosomal associated membrane protein 3 (LAMP3), nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 (NFKB1), major histocompatibility complex, class I, B (HLA-B) and 5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic II (NT5C2) and SNPs within intragenic regions microRNA 6828 (MIR6828)-solute carrier family 7 member 14 (SLC7A14) and sonic hedgehog (SHH)-long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1006 (LINC01006). Of the 76 ancestral haploblocks that were tested for associations with BD, our top associated haploblock was located in LAMP3; however, the association did not meet statistical thresholds of significance following Bonferroni correction. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that some of the gene variants found to be associated with BD or SC in other populations are also associated with BD risk in Latinos. Variants in six genes and two intragenic regions were associated with BD in our Latino sample and provide additional evidence for overlap in genetic risk between SC and BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Gonzalez
- Center of Excellence in Neurosciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, USA.
| | - Jayanta Gupta
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Health Professions & Social Work, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, FL, USA
| | - Erika Villa
- Center of Excellence in Neurosciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Indika Mallawaarachchi
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Consulting Lab, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Marco Rodriguez
- Center of Excellence in Neurosciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Mercedes Ramirez
- Center of Excellence in Neurosciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Juan Zavala
- Center of Excellence in Neurosciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Regina Armas
- Langley Porter Psychiatric Institute, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Albana Dassori
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Javier Contreras
- Centro de Investigación en Biología Celular y Molecular y Escuela de Biologia, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica
| | - Deborah Flores
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Center at Harbor, University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Alvaro Jerez
- Centro Internacional de Trastornos Afectivos y de la Conducta Adictiva, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Alfonso Ontiveros
- Instituto de Información e Investigación en Salud Mental AC, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, México
| | - Humberto Nicolini
- Grupo de Estudios Médicos y Familiares Carracci S.C., México D.F, México
| | - Michael Escamilla
- Center of Excellence in Neurosciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, USA
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99
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Common alleles contribute to schizophrenia in CNV carriers. Mol Psychiatry 2016; 21:1085-9. [PMID: 26390827 PMCID: PMC4960448 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2015.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The genetic architecture of schizophrenia is complex, involving risk alleles ranging from common alleles of weak effect to rare alleles of large effect, the best exemplar of the latter being large copy number variants (CNVs). It is currently unknown whether pathophysiology in those with defined rare mutations overlaps with that in other individuals with the disorder who do not share the same rare mutation. Under an extreme heterogeneity model, carriers of specific high-penetrance mutations form distinct subgroups. In contrast, under a polygenic threshold model, high-penetrance rare allele carriers possess many risk factors, of which the rare allele is the only one, albeit an important, factor. Under the latter model, cases with rare mutations can be expected to share some common risk alleles, and therefore pathophysiological mechanisms, with cases without the same mutation. Here we show that, compared with controls, individuals with schizophrenia who have known pathogenic CNVs carry an excess burden of common risk alleles (P=2.25 × 10(-17)) defined from a genome-wide association study largely based on individuals without known CNVs. Our finding is not consistent with an extreme heterogeneity model for CNV carriers, but does offer support for the polygenic threshold model of schizophrenia. That this is so provides support for the notion that studies aiming to model the effects of rare variation may uncover pathophysiological mechanisms of relevance to those with the disorder more widely.
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100
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Douglas LN, McGuire AB, Manzardo AM, Butler MG. High-resolution chromosome ideogram representation of recognized genes for bipolar disorder. Gene 2016; 586:136-47. [PMID: 27063557 PMCID: PMC6675571 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BPD) is genetically heterogeneous with a growing list of BPD associated genes reported in recent years resulting from increased genetic testing using advanced genetic technology, expanded genomic databases, and better awareness of the disorder. We compiled a master list of recognized susceptibility and genes associated with BPD identified from peer-reviewed medical literature sources using PubMed and by searching online databases, such as OMIM. Searched keywords were related to bipolar disorder and genetics. Our compiled list consisted of 290 genes with gene names arranged in alphabetical order in tabular form with source documents and their chromosome location and gene symbols plotted on high-resolution human chromosome ideograms. The identified genes impacted a broad range of biological pathways and processes including cellular signaling pathways particularly cAMP and calcium (e.g., CACNA1C, CAMK2A, CAMK2D, ADCY1, ADCY2); glutamatergic (e.g., GRIK1, GRM3, GRM7), dopaminergic (e.g., DRD2, DRD4, COMT, MAOA) and serotonergic (e.g., HTR1A, HTR2A, HTR3B) neurotransmission; molecular transporters (e.g., SLC39A3, SLC6A3, SLC8A1); and neuronal growth (e.g., BDNF, IGFBP1, NRG1, NRG3). The increasing prevalence of BPD calls for better understanding of the genetic etiology of this disorder and associations between the observed BPD phenotype and genes. Visual representation of genes for bipolar disorder becomes a tool enabling clinical and laboratory geneticists, genetic counselors, and other health care providers and researchers easy access to the location and distribution of currently recognized BPD associated genes. Our study may also help inform diagnosis and advance treatment developments for those affected with this disorder and improve genetic counseling for families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay N Douglas
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences and Pediatrics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Austen B McGuire
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences and Pediatrics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Ann M Manzardo
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences and Pediatrics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Merlin G Butler
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences and Pediatrics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
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