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Khan MA, Pace-Asciak C, Al-Hassan JM, Afzal M, Liu YF, Oommen S, Paul BM, Nair D, Palaniyar N. Furanoid F-Acid F6 Uniquely Induces NETosis Compared to C16 and C18 Fatty Acids in Human Neutrophils. Biomolecules 2018; 8:biom8040144. [PMID: 30428625 PMCID: PMC6315434 DOI: 10.3390/biom8040144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Various biomolecules induce neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation or NETosis. However, the effect of fatty acids on NETosis has not been clearly established. In this study, we focused on the NETosis-inducing ability of several lipid molecules. We extracted the lipid molecules present in Arabian Gulf catfish (Arius bilineatus, Val) skin gel, which has multiple therapeutic activities. Gas chromatography⁻mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of the lipid fraction-3 from the gel with NETosis-inducing activity contained fatty acids including a furanoid F-acid (F6; 12,15-epoxy-13,14-dimethyleicosa-12,14-dienoic acid) and common long-chain fatty acids such as palmitic acid (PA; C16:0), palmitoleic acid (PO; C16:1), stearic acid (SA; C18:0), and oleic acid (OA; C18:1). Using pure molecules, we show that all of these fatty acids induce NETosis to different degrees in a dose-dependent fashion. Notably, F6 induces a unique form of NETosis that is rapid and induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by both NADPH oxidase (NOX) and mitochondria. F6 also induces citrullination of histone. By contrast, the common fatty acids (PA, PO, SA, and OA) only induce NOX-dependent NETosis. The activation of the kinases such as ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) and JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) is important for long-chain fatty acid-induced NETosis, whereas, in F-acid-induced NETosis, Akt is additionally needed. Nevertheless, NETosis induced by all of these compounds requires the final chromatin decondensation step of transcriptional firing. These findings are useful for understanding F-acid- and other fatty acid-induced NETosis and to establish the active ingredients with therapeutic potential for regulating diseases involving NET formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meraj A Khan
- Program in Translational Medicine, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada.
| | - Cecil Pace-Asciak
- Program in Translational Medicine, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada.
- Departments of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
| | - Jassim M Al-Hassan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, Safat 13060, Kuwait.
| | - Mohammad Afzal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, Safat 13060, Kuwait.
| | - Yuan Fang Liu
- Program in Translational Medicine, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada.
| | - Sosamma Oommen
- Department of Zoology, CMS College, Kottayam 686001, India.
| | - Bincy M Paul
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, Safat 13060, Kuwait.
| | - Divya Nair
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, Safat 13060, Kuwait.
| | - Nades Palaniyar
- Program in Translational Medicine, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada.
- Departments of Lab Medicine and Pathobiology, and Institute of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada.
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53
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Fatty Acid Metabolism Disorder as a Factor in Atherogenesis. ROMANIAN JOURNAL OF DIABETES NUTRITION AND METABOLIC DISEASES 2018. [DOI: 10.2478/rjdnmd-2018-0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background and aims: The study aims to analyze of fatty acid (FA) composition of arteries and blood plasma in atherosclerosis.
Material and method: The blood plasma in patients with coronary atherosclerosis was studied, the blood from healthy volunteers was used as control. There were also analyzed arteries of patients with severe atherosclerotic lesions and arteries of people with significantly less atherosclerotic changes.
Results: The received data indicates that there is a rather active penetration of FA from blood plasma lipoproteins into intima of arteries. Penetration of FA from blood lipoproteins into the depth of atherosclerotic aorta and an atherosclerotic plaque appears to be small and does not effect on their fatty acid composition, which is similar to that of free FA of blood plasma. The evidence of the increased activity of desaturases and fatty acid synthases in atherosclerotic and intact arteries in patients with severe atherosclerotic vascular lesions was obtained. This increase in activity may be related by relatively low content of polyunsaturated linoleic acid in blood plasma in atherosclerosis.
Conclusions: The increased activity of desaturases and fatty acid synthases as well as arterial wall hypoxia must promote accumulation of lipids in vascular wall by increasing the synthesis and inhibition of FA oxidation including free FA coming from blood.
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Messedi M, Naifar M, Grayaa S, Frikha F, Messoued M, Sethom MM, Feki M, Kaabach N, Bahloul Z, Jamoussi K, Ayedi F. Plasma Saturated and Monounsaturated Fatty Acids in Behçet's Disease. Open Rheumatol J 2018; 12:139-151. [PMID: 30258503 PMCID: PMC6128021 DOI: 10.2174/1874312901812010139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Fatty Acid (FA) composition of serum has been associated with many markers of inflammation. In this study, we tried to examine plasma Saturated Fatty Acid (SFA) and Monounsaturated Fatty Acid (MUFA) composition in Behçet's Disease (BD) patients. The associations between the circulating FA levels and some markers of inflammation have also been investigated. Methods: This study is a cross-sectional one. In fact, a total of 101 BD patients and healthy controls group of 99 subjects are enrolled. Gas Chromatograph equipped with a Capillary Split/Splitless Injector and flame ionization detector was used to analyze the plasma SFA and MUFA compositions. The high sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hsCRP) and fibrinogen levels were measured using standard techniques. Results: BD patients had significantly higher proportions of Mystiric Acid (MA), Palmitic Acid (PAM), Palmitoleic Acid (POA) and Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase (SCD)-16, compared to controls. The results revealed that patients with severe involvements had high levels of POA and total MUFA associated with higher SCD-16 activity compared to those with minor ones. The receiver operator characteristic curve analysis revealed that POA could well discriminate BD patients with severe clinical manifestations. In the bivariate analysis, hsCRP was found to be positively correlated with total SAFA and POA elongase activity index but negatively correlated with SCD-18 activity index. The STA, POA, elongase and SCD-16 activity index are correlated with fibrinogen. On the other hand, the multivariate analysis showed that POA remained associated with higher levels of hsCRP. Conclusion: Unfavourable plasma SFA and MUFA profile were reported in BD patients. POA, which is associated with higher plasma hsCRP level, may play a role in the pathogenesis of BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meriam Messedi
- Unit of Research Molecular Bases of Human Diseases, 12ES17, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, University of Sfax, 3029 Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Manel Naifar
- Biochemistry laboratory, Habib Bourguiba University Hospital, 3029 Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Sahar Grayaa
- Unit of Research Molecular Bases of Human Diseases, 12ES17, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, University of Sfax, 3029 Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Faten Frikha
- Internal Medicine Department, Hedi Chaker Hospital, 3029 Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mariem Messoued
- Unit of Research Molecular Bases of Human Diseases, 12ES17, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, University of Sfax, 3029 Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Marouene Sethom
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Biochemistry laboratory, La Rabta Hospital and UR05/08-08, Tunis 1007, Tunisia
| | - Moncef Feki
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Biochemistry laboratory, La Rabta Hospital and UR05/08-08, Tunis 1007, Tunisia
| | - Naziha Kaabach
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Biochemistry laboratory, La Rabta Hospital and UR05/08-08, Tunis 1007, Tunisia
| | - Zouheir Bahloul
- Internal Medicine Department, Hedi Chaker Hospital, 3029 Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Kamel Jamoussi
- Unit of Research Molecular Bases of Human Diseases, 12ES17, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, University of Sfax, 3029 Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Fatma Ayedi
- Unit of Research Molecular Bases of Human Diseases, 12ES17, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, University of Sfax, 3029 Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.,Biochemistry laboratory, Habib Bourguiba University Hospital, 3029 Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
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55
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Zhu S, Tan P, Ji R, Xiang X, Cai Z, Dong X, Mai K, Ai Q. Influence of a Dietary Vegetable Oil Blend on Serum Lipid Profiles in Large Yellow Croaker ( Larimichthys crocea). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:9097-9106. [PMID: 30095902 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b03382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Serum lipid metabolic responses are associated with certain metabolic disorders induced by dietary habits in mammals. However, such associations have not been reported in fish. Lipidomic analyses were performed to investigate fish lipid metabolic responses to a dietary vegetable oil (VO) blend and to elucidate the mechanism of how the dietary VO blend affects serum lipid profiles. Results showed that the dietary VO blend strongly affects serum lipid profiles, especially the ratio of triglyceride/phosphatidylcholine (TAG/PC), via inhibiting hepatic PC biosynthesis and facilitating hepatic and intestinal lipoprotein assembly. Studies in vitro suggested that changes of serum TAG/PC ratio may be partially attributed to altered fatty acid composition in diets. Additionally, the reduction of 16:0/18:1-PC induced by the dietary VO blend may play a role in abnormal lipid deposition through inhibiting PPARA-mediated activation of β-oxidation. These findings suggested that the serum TAG/PC ratio might be a predictive parameter for abnormal lipid metabolism induced by dietary nutrition in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture) & Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education) , Ocean University of China , 5 Yushan Road , Qingdao , Shangdong 266003 , China
| | - Peng Tan
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture) & Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education) , Ocean University of China , 5 Yushan Road , Qingdao , Shangdong 266003 , China
| | - Renlei Ji
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture) & Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education) , Ocean University of China , 5 Yushan Road , Qingdao , Shangdong 266003 , China
| | - Xiaojun Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture) & Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education) , Ocean University of China , 5 Yushan Road , Qingdao , Shangdong 266003 , China
| | - Zuonan Cai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture) & Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education) , Ocean University of China , 5 Yushan Road , Qingdao , Shangdong 266003 , China
| | - Xiaojing Dong
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture) & Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education) , Ocean University of China , 5 Yushan Road , Qingdao , Shangdong 266003 , China
| | - Kangsen Mai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture) & Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education) , Ocean University of China , 5 Yushan Road , Qingdao , Shangdong 266003 , China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries and Aquaculture , Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology , Qingdao , Shangdong China
| | - Qinghui Ai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture) & Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education) , Ocean University of China , 5 Yushan Road , Qingdao , Shangdong 266003 , China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries and Aquaculture , Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology , Qingdao , Shangdong China
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56
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Régnier M, Polizzi A, Guillou H, Loiseau N. Sphingolipid metabolism in non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases. Biochimie 2018; 159:9-22. [PMID: 30071259 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2018.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) involves a panel of pathologies starting with hepatic steatosis and continuing to irreversible and serious conditions like steatohepatitis (NASH) and hepatocarcinoma. NAFLD is multifactorial in origin and corresponds to abnormal fat deposition in liver. Even if triglycerides are mostly associated with these pathologies, other lipid moieties seem to be involved in the development and severity of NAFLD. That is the case with sphingolipids and more particularly ceramides. In this review, we explore the relationship between NAFLD and sphingolipid metabolism. After providing an analysis of complex sphingolipid metabolism, we focus on the potential involvement of sphingolipids in the different pathologies associated with NAFLD. An unbalanced ratio between ceramides and terminal metabolic products in the liver and plasma promotes weight gain, inflammation, and insulin resistance. In the etiology of NAFLD, some sphingolipid species such as ceramides may be potential biomarkers for NAFLD. We review the clinical relevance of sphingolipids in liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Régnier
- INRA UMR1331, ToxAlim, Chemin de Tournefeuille, 31027 Toulouse, France
| | - Arnaud Polizzi
- INRA UMR1331, ToxAlim, Chemin de Tournefeuille, 31027 Toulouse, France
| | - Hervé Guillou
- INRA UMR1331, ToxAlim, Chemin de Tournefeuille, 31027 Toulouse, France
| | - Nicolas Loiseau
- INRA UMR1331, ToxAlim, Chemin de Tournefeuille, 31027 Toulouse, France.
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57
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Sanders FWB, Acharjee A, Walker C, Marney L, Roberts LD, Imamura F, Jenkins B, Case J, Ray S, Virtue S, Vidal-Puig A, Kuh D, Hardy R, Allison M, Forouhi N, Murray AJ, Wareham N, Vacca M, Koulman A, Griffin JL. Hepatic steatosis risk is partly driven by increased de novo lipogenesis following carbohydrate consumption. Genome Biol 2018; 19:79. [PMID: 29925420 PMCID: PMC6009819 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-018-1439-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diet is a major contributor to metabolic disease risk, but there is controversy as to whether increased incidences of diseases such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease arise from consumption of saturated fats or free sugars. Here, we investigate whether a sub-set of triacylglycerols (TAGs) were associated with hepatic steatosis and whether they arise from de novo lipogenesis (DNL) from the consumption of carbohydrates. Results We conduct direct infusion mass spectrometry of lipids in plasma to study the association between specific TAGs and hepatic steatosis assessed by ultrasound and fatty liver index in volunteers from the UK-based Fenland Study and evaluate clustering of TAGs in the National Survey of Health and Development UK cohort. We find that TAGs containing saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids with 16–18 carbons are specifically associated with hepatic steatosis. These TAGs are additionally associated with higher consumption of carbohydrate and saturated fat, hepatic steatosis, and variations in the gene for protein phosphatase 1, regulatory subunit 3b (PPP1R3B), which in part regulates glycogen synthesis. DNL is measured in hyperphagic ob/ob mice, mice on a western diet (high in fat and free sugar) and in healthy humans using stable isotope techniques following high carbohydrate meals, demonstrating the rate of DNL correlates with increased synthesis of this cluster of TAGs. Furthermore, these TAGs are increased in plasma from patients with biopsy-confirmed steatosis. Conclusion A subset of TAGs is associated with hepatic steatosis, even when correcting for common confounding factors. We suggest that hepatic steatosis risk in western populations is in part driven by increased DNL following carbohydrate rich meals in addition to the consumption of saturated fat. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13059-018-1439-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Animesh Acharjee
- MRC Human Nutrition Research, Fulbourn Road, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Biochemistry and the Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, The Sanger Building, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, UK
| | - Celia Walker
- MRC Human Nutrition Research, Fulbourn Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Luke Marney
- MRC Human Nutrition Research, Fulbourn Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lee D Roberts
- MRC Human Nutrition Research, Fulbourn Road, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Biochemistry and the Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, The Sanger Building, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, UK.,Current address: Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Fumiaki Imamura
- MRC Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Jack Case
- Department of Biochemistry and the Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, The Sanger Building, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, UK
| | - Sumantra Ray
- MRC Human Nutrition Research, Fulbourn Road, Cambridge, UK.,NNEdPro Global Centre for Nutrition and Health, Cambridge, UK
| | - Samuel Virtue
- Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Diana Kuh
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, London, UK
| | - Rebecca Hardy
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, London, UK
| | - Michael Allison
- Liver Unit, Department of Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nita Forouhi
- MRC Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrew J Murray
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nick Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michele Vacca
- MRC Human Nutrition Research, Fulbourn Road, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Biochemistry and the Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, The Sanger Building, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, UK.,NNEdPro Global Centre for Nutrition and Health, Cambridge, UK.,Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Albert Koulman
- MRC Human Nutrition Research, Fulbourn Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Julian L Griffin
- MRC Human Nutrition Research, Fulbourn Road, Cambridge, UK. .,Department of Biochemistry and the Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, The Sanger Building, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, UK.
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58
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Duan RD. Alkaline sphingomyelinase (NPP7) in hepatobiliary diseases: A field that needs to be closely studied. World J Hepatol 2018; 10:246-253. [PMID: 29527260 PMCID: PMC5838443 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v10.i2.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Revised: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alkaline sphingomyelinase cleaves phosphocholine from sphingomyelin, platelet-activating factor, lysophosphatidylcholine, and less effectively phosphatidylcholine. The enzyme shares no structure similarities with acid or neutral sphingomyelinase but belongs to ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase (NPP) family and therefore is also called NPP7 nowadays. The enzyme is expressed in the intestinal mucosa in many species and additionally in human liver. The enzyme in the intestinal tract has been extensively studied but not that in human liver. Studies on intestinal alkaline sphingomyelinase show that it inhibits colonic tumorigenesis and inflammation, hydrolyses dietary sphingomyelin, and stimulates cholesterol absorption. The review aims to summarize the current knowledge on liver alkaline sphingomyelinase in human and strengthen the necessity for close study on this unique human enzyme in hepatobiliary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Dong Duan
- Gastroenterology and Nutrition Lab, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund S-22184, Sweden
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59
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Goda K, Saito K, Muta K, Kobayashi A, Saito Y, Sugai S. Ether-phosphatidylcholine characterized by consolidated plasma and liver lipidomics is a predictive biomarker for valproic acid-induced hepatic steatosis. J Toxicol Sci 2018; 43:395-405. [DOI: 10.2131/jts.43.395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Goda
- Toxicology Research Lab., Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, JAPAN TOBACCO Inc
| | - Kosuke Saito
- Division of Medicinal Safety Science, National Institute of Health Sciences
| | - Kyotaka Muta
- Toxicology Research Lab., Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, JAPAN TOBACCO Inc
| | - Akio Kobayashi
- Toxicology Research Lab., Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, JAPAN TOBACCO Inc
| | - Yoshiro Saito
- Division of Medicinal Safety Science, National Institute of Health Sciences
| | - Shoichiro Sugai
- Toxicology Research Lab., Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, JAPAN TOBACCO Inc
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60
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Carlsson ER, Grundtvig JLG, Madsbad S, Fenger M. Changes in Serum Sphingomyelin After Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery Are Related to Diabetes Status. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:172. [PMID: 29922223 PMCID: PMC5996901 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic surgery is superior to lifestyle intervention in reducing weight and lowering glycemia and recently suggested as treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Especially Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) has been focus for much research, but still the mechanisms of action are only partly elucidated. We suggest that several mechanisms might be mediated by sphingolipids like sphingomyelin. We measured serum sphingomyelin before and up to 2 years after RYGB surgery in 220 patients, divided before surgery in one non-diabetic subgroup and two diabetic subgroups, one of which contained patients obtaining remission of type 2 diabetes after RYGB, while patients in the other still had diabetes after RYGB. Pre- and postoperative sphingomyelin levels were compared within and between groups. Sphingomyelin levels were lower in diabetic patients than in non-diabetic patients before surgery. Following RYGB, mean sphingomyelin concentration fell significantly in the non-diabetic subgroup and the preoperative difference between patients with and without diabetes disappeared. Changes in diabetic subgroups were not significant. Relative to bodyweight, an increase in sphingomyelin was seen in all subgroups, irrespective of diabetes status. We conclude that RYGB has a strong influence on sphingomyelin metabolism, as seen reflected in changed serum levels. Most significantly, no differences between the two diabetic subgroups were detected after surgery, which might suggest that patients in both groups still are in a "diabetic state" using the non-diabetic subgroup as a reference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elin Rebecka Carlsson
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | | | - Sten Madsbad
- Department of Endocrinology, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Mogens Fenger
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
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61
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López-Bascón MA, Calderón-Santiago M, Sánchez-Ceinos J, Fernández-Vega A, Guzmán-Ruiz R, López-Miranda J, Malagon MM, Priego-Capote F. Influence of sample preparation on lipidomics analysis of polar lipids in adipose tissue. Talanta 2017; 177:86-93. [PMID: 29108587 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The main limitations of lipidomics analysis are the chemical complexity of the lipids, the range of concentrations at which they exist, and the variety of samples usually analyzed. These limitations particularly affect the characterization of polar lipids owing to the interference of neutral lipids, essentially acylglycerides, which are at high concentration and suppress ionization of low concentrated lipids in mass spectrometry detection. The influence of sample preparation on lipidomics analysis of polar lipids in adipose tissue by LC-MS/MS was the aim of this research. Two common extractants used for lipids isolation, methanol:chloroform (MeOH:CHCl3) and methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), were qualitatively and quantitatively compared for the extraction of the main families of lipids. The obtained results showed that each family of lipids is influenced differently by the extractant used. However, as a general trend, the use of MTBE as extractant led to higher extraction efficiency for unsaturated fatty acids, glycerophospholipids and ceramides, while MeOH:CHCl3 favored the isolation of saturated fatty acids and plasmalogens. The implementation of a solid-phase extraction (SPE) step for selective isolation of glycerophospholipids prior to LC-MS/MS analysis was assayed to evaluate its influence on lipids detection coverage as compared to direct analysis. This step was critical to enhance the detection coverage of glycerophospholipids by removal of ionization suppression effects caused by acylglycerides.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A López-Bascón
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; CeiA3 Agroalimentary Excellence Campus, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Maimónides Institute for Biomedical Research (IMIBIC)/University of Córdoba/Reina Sofía University Hospital,, Córdoba, Spain; CIBER Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERfes), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - M Calderón-Santiago
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; CeiA3 Agroalimentary Excellence Campus, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Maimónides Institute for Biomedical Research (IMIBIC)/University of Córdoba/Reina Sofía University Hospital,, Córdoba, Spain; CIBER Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERfes), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - J Sánchez-Ceinos
- Maimónides Institute for Biomedical Research (IMIBIC)/University of Córdoba/Reina Sofía University Hospital,, Córdoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - A Fernández-Vega
- Maimónides Institute for Biomedical Research (IMIBIC)/University of Córdoba/Reina Sofía University Hospital,, Córdoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - R Guzmán-Ruiz
- Maimónides Institute for Biomedical Research (IMIBIC)/University of Córdoba/Reina Sofía University Hospital,, Córdoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - J López-Miranda
- CeiA3 Agroalimentary Excellence Campus, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Maimónides Institute for Biomedical Research (IMIBIC)/University of Córdoba/Reina Sofía University Hospital,, Córdoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain; Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Córdoba, Reina Sofía Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
| | - M M Malagon
- CeiA3 Agroalimentary Excellence Campus, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Maimónides Institute for Biomedical Research (IMIBIC)/University of Córdoba/Reina Sofía University Hospital,, Córdoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - F Priego-Capote
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; CeiA3 Agroalimentary Excellence Campus, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Maimónides Institute for Biomedical Research (IMIBIC)/University of Córdoba/Reina Sofía University Hospital,, Córdoba, Spain; CIBER Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERfes), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain.
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62
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Cano A, Mariño Z, Millet O, Martínez-Arranz I, Navasa M, Falcón-Pérez JM, Pérez-Cormenzana M, Caballería J, Embade N, Forns X, Bosch J, Castro A, Mato JM. A Metabolomics Signature Linked To Liver Fibrosis In The Serum Of Transplanted Hepatitis C Patients. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10497. [PMID: 28874799 PMCID: PMC5585246 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10807-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis must be evaluated in patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) after liver transplantation because its severity affects their prognosis and the recurrence of HCV. Since invasive biopsy is still the gold standard to identify patients at risk of graft loss from rapid fibrosis progression, it becomes crucial the development of new accurate, non-invasive methods that allow repetitive examination of the patients. Therefore, we have developed a non-invasive, accurate model to distinguish those patients with different liver fibrosis stages. Two hundred and three patients with HCV were histologically classified (METAVIR) into five categories of fibrosis one year after liver transplantation. In this cross-sectional study, patients at fibrosis stages F0-F1 (n = 134) were categorised as “slow fibrosers” and F2-F4 (n = 69) as “rapid fibrosers”. Chloroform/methanol serum extracts were analysed by reverse ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. A diagnostic model was built through linear discriminant analyses. An algorithm consisting of two sphingomyelins and two phosphatidylcholines accurately classifies rapid and slow fibrosers after transplantation. The proposed model yielded an AUROC of 0.92, 71% sensitivity, 85% specificity, and 84% accuracy. Moreover, specific bile acids and sphingomyelins increased notably along with liver fibrosis severity, differentiating between rapid and slow fibrosers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainara Cano
- OWL, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Derio, 48160, Bizkaia, Spain.
| | - Zoe Mariño
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd); Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oscar Millet
- Metabolomic Unit, CIC bioGUNE, CIBERehd, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Derio, 48160, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain
| | | | - Miquel Navasa
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd); Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Falcón-Pérez
- Metabolomic Unit, CIC bioGUNE, CIBERehd, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Derio, 48160, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain
| | | | - Joan Caballería
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd); Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nieves Embade
- Metabolomic Unit, CIC bioGUNE, CIBERehd, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Derio, 48160, Spain
| | - Xavier Forns
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd); Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Bosch
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd); Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Azucena Castro
- OWL, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Derio, 48160, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - José María Mato
- Metabolomic Unit, CIC bioGUNE, CIBERehd, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Derio, 48160, Spain
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63
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von Loeffelholz C, Döcke S, Lock JF, Lieske S, Horn P, Kriebel J, Wahl S, Singmann P, de Las Heras Gala T, Grallert H, Raschzok N, Sauer IM, Heller R, Jahreis G, Claus RA, Bauer M, Stockmann M, Birkenfeld AL, Pfeiffer AFH. Increased lipogenesis in spite of upregulated hepatic 5'AMP-activated protein kinase in human non-alcoholic fatty liver. Hepatol Res 2017; 47:890-901. [PMID: 27689765 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.12825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Molecular adaptations in human non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are incompletely understood. This study investigated the main gene categories related to hepatic de novo lipogenesis and lipid oxidation capacity. METHODS Liver specimens of 48 subjects were histologically classified according to steatosis severity. In-depth analyses were undertaken using real-time polymerase chain reaction, immunoblotting, and immunohistochemistry. Lipid profiles were analyzed by gas chromatography/flame ionization detection, and effects of key fatty acids were studied in primary human hepatocytes. RESULTS Real-time polymerase chain reaction, immunoblotting, and immunohistochemistry indicated 5'AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) to be increased with steatosis score ≥ 2 (all P < 0.05), including various markers of de novo lipogenesis and lipid degradation (all P < 0.05). Regarding endoplasmic reticulum stress, X-Box binding protein-1 (XBP1) was upregulated in steatosis score ≥ 2 (P = 0.029) and correlated with plasma palmitate (r = 0.34; P = 0.035). Palmitate incubation of primary human hepatocytes increased XBP1 and downstream stearoyl CoA desaturase-1 mRNA expression (both P < 0.05). Moreover, plasma and liver tissue exposed a NAFLD-related lipid profile with reduced polyunsaturated/saturated fatty acid ratio, increased palmitate and palmitoleate, and elevated lipogenesis and desaturation indices with steatosis score ≥ 2 (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSION In humans with advanced fatty liver disease, hepatic AMPK protein is upregulated, potentially in a compensatory manner. Moreover, pathways of lipid synthesis and degradation are co-activated in subjects with advanced steatosis. Palmitate may drive lipogenesis by activating XBP1-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress and represent a target for future dietary or pharmacological intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian von Loeffelholz
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Germany.,Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Jena University Hospital, and Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Döcke
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Germany
| | - Johan F Lock
- Department of General-, Visceral-, Vascular- and Paediatric Surgery, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Lieske
- Section of Metabolic and Vascular Medicine, Medical Clinic III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Paul Horn
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Jena University Hospital, and Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Jennifer Kriebel
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Simone Wahl
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Paula Singmann
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Tonia de Las Heras Gala
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany.,Research Group of Diabetes Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Harald Grallert
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Nathaniel Raschzok
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Igor M Sauer
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Regine Heller
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Jena University Hospital, and Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany.,Institute for Molecular Cell Biology, Germany, Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Gerhard Jahreis
- Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Ralf A Claus
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Jena University Hospital, and Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Bauer
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Jena University Hospital, and Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Martin Stockmann
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas L Birkenfeld
- Section of Metabolic and Vascular Medicine, Medical Clinic III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas F H Pfeiffer
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany.,Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
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64
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Abstract
Lipids have the potential to serve as bio-markers, which allow us to analyze and to identify cells under various experimental settings, and to serve as a clinical diagnostic tool. For example, diagnosis according to specific lipids that are associated with diabetes and obesity. The rapid development of mass-spectrometry techniques enables identification and profiling of multiple types of lipid species. Together, lipid profiling and data interpretation forge the new field of lipidomics. Lipidomics can be used to characterize physiologic and pathophysiological processes in adipocytes, since lipid metabolism is at the core of adipocyte physiology and energy homeostasis. A significant bulk of lipids are stored in adipocytes, which can be released and used to produce energy, used to build membranes, or used as signaling molecules that regulate metabolism. In this review, we discuss how exhaust of lipidomes can be used to study adipocyte differentiation, physiology and pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kfir Lapid
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jonathan M. Graff
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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65
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Krautbauer S, Wiest R, Liebisch G, Buechler C. Associations of systemic sphingolipids with measures of hepatic function in liver cirrhosis are related to cholesterol. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2017. [PMID: 28647317 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lipoprotein particles are composed of various lipid classes including cholesterol and sphingolipids, and are low in serum of patients with liver cirrhosis. Hepatic decompensation is associated with a further decline of lipoproteins. Aim of the present work was to evaluate whether ceramide and sphingomyelin species are similarly changed in patients with liver cirrhosis and whether these variations are related to systemic cholesterol levels. In a cohort of 45 patients suffering from liver cirrhosis, cholesteryl ester species and subsequently total cholesterol were identified to be negatively associated with model of end stage liver disease (MELD) score. Indeed, the negative correlations of ceramide (Cer) and sphingomyelin (SM) species with MELD score, bilirubin and anti-thrombin 3 were non-significant after adjustment for cholesterol. Cer/SM ratios of species with identical acyl chains were not related to Child-Pugh or MELD score indicating that both lipids are comparably changed. Further, cholesterol levels and concentrations of all sphingolipids measured were similar in systemic, hepatic vein and portal vein blood. Cholesterol and distinct sphingolipids were similar before and 3 months after insertion of a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt while hexosylceramide 24:1 was significantly induced. It is concluded that analysis of distinct systemic sphingolipid species is not superior to measurement of cholesterol as non-invasive marker of hepatic injury in patients with liver cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Krautbauer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany; Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Reiner Wiest
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, University Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Liebisch
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christa Buechler
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany.
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66
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Badoud F, Brewer D, Charchoglyan A, Cuthbertson DJ, Mutch DM. Multi-omics Integrative Investigation of Fatty Acid Metabolism in Obese and Lean Subcutaneous Tissue. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2017; 21:371-379. [PMID: 28618245 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2017.0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
White adipose tissue (WAT) plays a central role in whole-body energy homeostasis through storage and release of fatty acids. A deeper understanding of the complex and highly integrated pathways regulating WAT fatty acid metabolism, and how they are altered with obesity, is necessary for diagnostic and therapeutic innovations in nutritional disorders. In this multi-omics study, we investigated the influence of obesity on fatty acid metabolism in human subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) using an approach that integrated transcriptomic, peptidomic, and fatty acid analyses. Notably, all analyses were conducted in the same adipose tissue sample from each participant, thus minimizing the chance of spurious results. In a sample of SAT from the periumbilical abdominal region of obese (n = 11, mean body mass index [BMI] = 35.0 ± 1.2 kg/m2) and lean subjects (n = 9, mean BMI = 22.1 ± 0.5 kg/m2), we found that obese SAT tended to have higher relative amounts of specific monounsaturated fatty acids and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and lower amounts of saturated fatty acids (p < 0.05). These changes were associated with differential regulation of lipogenic and lipolytic pathways in obese SAT. Fatty acid analysis showed changes in estimated fatty acid desaturase and elongase activities between lean and obese SAT (p < 0.05). Biomarkers of lipogenesis (e.g., fatty acid synthase protein) were differentially regulated between lean and obese SAT. These changes were noted in conjunction with increases in extracellular matrix remodeling proteins. Transcriptomic data revealed that the key regulators of lipolysis were reduced in obese SAT. This integrative multi-omics analysis collectively shows that obese SAT has a distinct fatty acid signature compared to lean SAT and the pathways underlying fatty acid metabolism are broadly regulated at the level of gene expression and protein abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Badoud
- 1 Department of Human Health & Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph , Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dyanne Brewer
- 2 Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph , Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Armen Charchoglyan
- 2 Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph , Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - David M Mutch
- 1 Department of Human Health & Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph , Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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67
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Chiappini F, Coilly A, Kadar H, Gual P, Tran A, Desterke C, Samuel D, Duclos-Vallée JC, Touboul D, Bertrand-Michel J, Brunelle A, Guettier C, Le Naour F. Metabolism dysregulation induces a specific lipid signature of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in patients. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46658. [PMID: 28436449 PMCID: PMC5402394 DOI: 10.1038/srep46658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a condition which can progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Markers for NASH diagnosis are still lacking. We performed a comprehensive lipidomic analysis on human liver biopsies including normal liver, nonalcoholic fatty liver and NASH. Random forests-based machine learning approach allowed characterizing a signature of 32 lipids discriminating NASH with 100% sensitivity and specificity. Furthermore, we validated this signature in an independent group of NASH patients. Then, metabolism dysregulations were investigated in both patients and murine models. Alterations of elongase and desaturase activities were observed along the fatty acid synthesis pathway. The decreased activity of the desaturase FADS1 appeared as a bottleneck, leading upstream to an accumulation of fatty acids and downstream to a deficiency of long-chain fatty acids resulting to impaired phospholipid synthesis. In NASH, mass spectrometry imaging on tissue section revealed the spreading into the hepatic parenchyma of selectively accumulated fatty acids. Such lipids constituted a highly toxic mixture to human hepatocytes. In conclusion, this study characterized a specific and sensitive lipid signature of NASH and positioned FADS1 as a significant player in accumulating toxic lipids during NASH progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Chiappini
- Inserm, Unité 1193, Villejuif, F-94800, France.,Univ Paris-Sud, UMR-S1193, Villejuif, F-94800, France.,DHU Hepatinov, Villejuif, F-94800, France
| | - Audrey Coilly
- Inserm, Unité 1193, Villejuif, F-94800, France.,Univ Paris-Sud, UMR-S1193, Villejuif, F-94800, France.,DHU Hepatinov, Villejuif, F-94800, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Paul-Brousse, Centre Hépato-Biliaire, Villejuif, F-94800, France
| | - Hanane Kadar
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91198 Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
| | - Philippe Gual
- Inserm, Unité 1065, Nice, F-06204, France.,University of Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, Nice, F-06204, France.,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Hôpital L'Archet, Nice Cedex 3, F-06202, France
| | - Albert Tran
- Inserm, Unité 1065, Nice, F-06204, France.,University of Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, Nice, F-06204, France.,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Hôpital L'Archet, Nice Cedex 3, F-06202, France
| | - Christophe Desterke
- Inserm, US33, Villejuif, F-94800, France.,Univ Paris-Sud, US33, Villejuif, F-94800, France
| | - Didier Samuel
- Inserm, Unité 1193, Villejuif, F-94800, France.,Univ Paris-Sud, UMR-S1193, Villejuif, F-94800, France.,DHU Hepatinov, Villejuif, F-94800, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Paul-Brousse, Centre Hépato-Biliaire, Villejuif, F-94800, France
| | - Jean-Charles Duclos-Vallée
- Inserm, Unité 1193, Villejuif, F-94800, France.,Univ Paris-Sud, UMR-S1193, Villejuif, F-94800, France.,DHU Hepatinov, Villejuif, F-94800, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Paul-Brousse, Centre Hépato-Biliaire, Villejuif, F-94800, France
| | - David Touboul
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91198 Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - Alain Brunelle
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91198 Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
| | - Catherine Guettier
- Inserm, Unité 1193, Villejuif, F-94800, France.,Univ Paris-Sud, UMR-S1193, Villejuif, F-94800, France.,DHU Hepatinov, Villejuif, F-94800, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital du Kremlin-Bicêtre, Service d'Anatomopathologie, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, F-94275, France
| | - François Le Naour
- Inserm, Unité 1193, Villejuif, F-94800, France.,Univ Paris-Sud, UMR-S1193, Villejuif, F-94800, France.,DHU Hepatinov, Villejuif, F-94800, France.,Inserm, US33, Villejuif, F-94800, France.,Univ Paris-Sud, US33, Villejuif, F-94800, France
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68
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Vaittinen M, Männistö V, Käkelä P, Ågren J, Tiainen M, Schwab U, Pihlajamäki J. Interorgan cross talk between fatty acid metabolism, tissue inflammation, and FADS2 genotype in humans with obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2017; 25:545-552. [PMID: 28145068 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fatty acid (FA) composition affects obesity-associated low-grade inflammation. It has been shown that the fatty acid desaturase (FADS) 2 gene polymorphism associates with FA metabolism and adipose tissue (AT) inflammation. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between FA metabolism and inflammation in different tissues and the possible interorgan cross talk. METHODS Cross-sectional baseline data from 155 individuals with obesity (both male and female) participating in the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass operation in the ongoing Kuopio Obesity Surgery Study were used. Gas chromatograph for FA composition, liver histology, and targeted RNA expression for gene expression profile were performed. RESULTS It was demonstrated that the saturated fatty acid (SFA) proportion in AT correlated positively with inflammation in subcutaneous AT (SAT) and visceral AT (VAT) but not in the liver, while the monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) proportion in SAT and VAT correlated negatively with AT inflammation. Notably, there was a positive correlation between AT n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), but not AT SFAs or MUFAs, and liver inflammation. This correlation was modified by the FADS2 genotype. CONCLUSIONS The AT FA profile relates with AT inflammation. Additionally, there seems to be a complex interaction, partly regulated by the FADS2 genotype, regulating the interaction between FAs in AT and liver inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maija Vaittinen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Finland
| | - Ville Männistö
- Departments of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Finland
| | - Pirjo Käkelä
- Department of Surgery, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Finland
| | - Jyrki Ågren
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mika Tiainen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ursula Schwab
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Clinical Nutrition and Obesity Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jussi Pihlajamäki
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Clinical Nutrition and Obesity Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
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69
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Kulkarni H, Mamtani M, Blangero J, Curran JE. Lipidomics in the Study of Hypertension in Metabolic Syndrome. Curr Hypertens Rep 2017; 19:7. [DOI: 10.1007/s11906-017-0705-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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70
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Saito K, Goda K, Kobayashi A, Yamada N, Maekawa K, Saito Y, Sugai S. Arachidonic acid-containing phosphatidylcholine characterized by consolidated plasma and liver lipidomics as an early onset marker for tamoxifen-induced hepatic phospholipidosis. J Appl Toxicol 2017; 37:943-953. [PMID: 28138993 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Lipid profiling has emerged as an effective approach to not only screen disease and drug toxicity biomarkers but also understand their underlying mechanisms of action. Tamoxifen, a widely used antiestrogenic agent for adjuvant therapy against estrogen-positive breast cancer, possesses side effects such as hepatic steatosis and phospholipidosis (PLD). In the present study, we administered tamoxifen to Sprague-Dawley rats and used lipidomics to reveal tamoxifen-induced alteration of the hepatic lipid profile and its association with the plasma lipid profile. Treatment with tamoxifen for 28 days caused hepatic PLD in rats. We compared the plasma and liver lipid profiles in treated vs. untreated rats using a multivariate analysis to determine differences between the two groups. In total, 25 plasma and 45 liver lipids were identified and altered in the tamoxifen-treated group. Of these lipids, arachidonic acid (AA)-containing phosphatidylcholines (PCs), such as PC (17:0/20:4) and PC (18:1/20:4), were commonly reduced in both plasma and liver. Conversely, tamoxifen increased other phosphoglycerolipids in the liver, such as phosphatidylethanolamine (18:1/18:1) and phosphatidylinositol (18:0/18:2). We also examined alteration of AA-containing PCs and some phosphoglycerolipids in the pre-PLD stage and found that these lipid alterations were initiated before pathological alteration in the liver. In addition, changes in plasma and liver levels of AA-containing PCs were linearly associated. Moreover, levels of free AA and mRNA levels of AA-synthesizing enzymes, such as fatty acid desaturase 1 and 2, were decreased by tamoxifen treatment. Therefore, our study demonstrated that AA-containing PCs might have potential utility as novel and predictive biomarkers for tamoxifen-induced PLD. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Saito
- Division of Medicinal Safety Science, National Institute of Health Sciences, Setagaya, Tokyo, 158-8501, Japan
| | - Keisuke Goda
- Toxicology Research Lab, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., Hadano, Kanagawa, 257-0024, Japan
| | - Akio Kobayashi
- Toxicology Research Lab, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., Hadano, Kanagawa, 257-0024, Japan
| | - Naohito Yamada
- Toxicology Research Lab, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., Hadano, Kanagawa, 257-0024, Japan
| | - Kyoko Maekawa
- Division of Medicinal Safety Science, National Institute of Health Sciences, Setagaya, Tokyo, 158-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Saito
- Division of Medicinal Safety Science, National Institute of Health Sciences, Setagaya, Tokyo, 158-8501, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Sugai
- Toxicology Research Lab, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., Hadano, Kanagawa, 257-0024, Japan
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Rotondo F, Romero MDM, Ho-Palma AC, Remesar X, Fernández-López JA, Alemany M. Quantitative analysis of rat adipose tissue cell recovery, and non-fat cell volume, in primary cell cultures. PeerJ 2016; 4:e2725. [PMID: 27917316 PMCID: PMC5131620 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND White adipose tissue (WAT) is a complex, diffuse, multifunctional organ which contains adipocytes, and a large proportion of fat, but also other cell types, active in defense, regeneration and signalling functions. Studies with adipocytes often require their isolation from WAT by breaking up the matrix of collagen fibres; however, it is unclear to what extent adipocyte number in primary cultures correlates with their number in intact WAT, since recovery and viability are often unknown. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Epididymal WAT of four young adult rats was used to isolate adipocytes with collagenase. Careful recording of lipid content of tissue, and all fraction volumes and weights, allowed us to trace the amount of initial WAT fat remaining in the cell preparation. Functionality was estimated by incubation with glucose and measurement of glucose uptake and lactate, glycerol and NEFA excretion rates up to 48 h. Non-adipocyte cells were also recovered and their sizes (and those of adipocytes) were measured. The presence of non-nucleated cells (erythrocytes) was also estimated. RESULTS Cell numbers and sizes were correlated from all fractions to intact WAT. Tracing the lipid content, the recovery of adipocytes in the final, metabolically active, preparation was in the range of 70-75%. Cells showed even higher metabolic activity in the second than in the first day of incubation. Adipocytes were 7%, erythrocytes 66% and other stromal (nucleated cells) 27% of total WAT cells. However, their overall volumes were 90%, 0.05%, and 0.2% of WAT. Non-fat volume of adipocytes was 1.3% of WAT. CONCLUSIONS The methodology presented here allows for a direct quantitative reference to the original tissue of studies using isolated cells. We have also found that the "live cell mass" of adipose tissue is very small: about 13 µL/g for adipocytes and 2 µL/g stromal, plus about 1 µL/g blood (the rats were killed by exsanguination). These data translate (with respect to the actual "live cytoplasm" size) into an extremely high metabolic activity, which make WAT an even more significant agent in the control of energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floriana Rotondo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María del Mar Romero
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER OBN, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Cecilia Ho-Palma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Remesar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER OBN, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Antonio Fernández-López
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER OBN, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marià Alemany
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER OBN, Barcelona, Spain
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Gastaldelli A, Gaggini M. Ectopic fat: a target for cardiometabolic risk management. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2016; 14:1301-1303. [DOI: 10.1080/14779072.2016.1256773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Skuladottir GV, Nilsson EK, Mwinyi J, Schiöth HB. One-night sleep deprivation induces changes in the DNA methylation and serum activity indices of stearoyl-CoA desaturase in young healthy men. Lipids Health Dis 2016; 15:137. [PMID: 27562731 PMCID: PMC5000434 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-016-0309-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sleep deprivation has been associated with obesity among adults, and accumulating data suggests that stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) expression has a relevant impact on fatty acid (FA) composition of lipid pools and obesity. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of one-night total sleep deprivation (TSD) on DNA methylation in the 5’-prime region of SCD1, and whether detected changes in DNA methylation are associated with SCD activity indices (product to precursor FA ratios; 16:1n-7/16:0 and 18:1n-9/18:0) derived from serum phospholipids (PL). Methods Sixteen young, normal-weight, healthy men completed two study sessions, one with one-night TSD and one with one-night normal sleep (NS). Sleep quality and length was assessed by polysomnography, and consisted of electroencephalography, electrooculography, and electromyography. Fasting whole blood samples were collected on the subsequent morning for analysis of DNA methylation and FAs in serum PL. Linear regression analyses were performed to assess the association between changes in DNA methylation and SCD activity indices. Results Three CpG sites close to the transcription start site (TSS) of SCD1 (cg00954566, cg24503796, cg14089512) were significantly differentially methylated in dependency of sleep duration (−log10P-value > 1.3). Both SCD-16 and SCD-18 activity indices were significantly elevated (P < 0.05) following one-night TSD, and significantly associated with DNA methylation changes of the three mentioned probes in the 5’ region of SCD1. Conclusion Our results suggest a relevant link between TSD, hepatic SCD1 expression and de-novo fatty acid synthesis via epigenetically driven regulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gudrun Valgerdur Skuladottir
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Vatnsmyrarvegur 16, IS-101, Reykjavik, Iceland.
| | - Emil Karl Nilsson
- Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jessica Mwinyi
- Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Helgi Birgir Schiöth
- Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Sedger LM, Tull DL, McConville MJ, De Souza DP, Rupasinghe TWT, Williams SJ, Dayalan S, Lanzer D, Mackie H, Lam TC, Boyages J. Lipidomic Profiling of Adipose Tissue Reveals an Inflammatory Signature in Cancer-Related and Primary Lymphedema. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154650. [PMID: 27182733 PMCID: PMC4868287 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer-related and primary lymphedema (LE) are associated with the production of adipose tissue (AT). Nothing is known, however, about the lipid-based molecules that comprise LE AT. We therefore analyzed lipid molecules in lipoaspirates and serum obtained from LE patients, and compared them to lipoaspirates from cosmetic surgery patients and healthy control cohort serum. LE patient serum analysis demonstrated that triglycerides, HDL- and LDL-cholesterol and lipid transport molecules remained within the normal range, with no alterations in individual fatty acids. The lipidomic analysis also identified 275 lipid-based molecules, including triacylglycerides, diacylglycerides, fatty acids and phospholipids in AT oil and fat. Although the majority of lipid molecules were present in a similar abundance in LE and non-LE samples, there were several small changes: increased C20:5-containing triacylglycerides, reduced C10:0 caprinic and C24:1 nervonic acids. LE AT oil also contained a signature of increased cyclopropane-type fatty acids and inflammatory mediators arachidonic acid and ceramides. Interestingly C20:5 and C22:6 omega-3-type lipids are increased in LE AT, correlating with LE years. Hence, LE AT has a normal lipid profile containing a signature of inflammation and omega-3-lipids. It remains unclear, however, whether these differences reflect a small-scale global metabolic disturbance or effects within localised inflammatory foci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M. Sedger
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Dedreia L. Tull
- Metabolomics Australia, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Malcolm J. McConville
- Metabolomics Australia, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David P. De Souza
- Metabolomics Australia, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Spencer J. Williams
- Metabolomics Australia, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Saravanan Dayalan
- Metabolomics Australia, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Daniel Lanzer
- Daniel Lanzer Clinic, Malvern, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Helen Mackie
- Macquarie University Hospital, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Thomas C. Lam
- Macquarie University Hospital, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - John Boyages
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Macquarie University Hospital, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Walle P, Takkunen M, Männistö V, Vaittinen M, Lankinen M, Kärjä V, Käkelä P, Ågren J, Tiainen M, Schwab U, Kuusisto J, Laakso M, Pihlajamäki J. Fatty acid metabolism is altered in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis independent of obesity. Metabolism 2016; 65:655-666. [PMID: 27085774 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2016.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is associated with changes in fatty acid (FA) metabolism. However, specific changes in metabolism and hepatic mRNA expression related to NASH independent of simple steatosis, obesity and diet are unknown. METHODS Liver histology, serum and liver FA composition and estimated enzyme activities based on the FA ratios in cholesteryl esters and triglycerides were assessed in 92 obese participants of the Kuopio Obesity Surgery Study (KOBS) divided to those with normal liver, steatosis or NASH (30 men and 62 women, age 46.8±9.5years (mean±SD), BMI 44.2±6.2kg/m(2)). Plasma FA composition was also investigated in the Metabolic Syndrome in Men (METSIM) Study (n=769), in which serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was used as a marker of liver disease. RESULTS Obese individuals with NASH had higher activity of estimated activities of delta-6 desaturase (D6D, p<0.002) and stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1, p<0.002) and lower activity of delta-5 desaturase (D5D, p<0.002) when compared to individuals with normal liver. Estimated activities of D5D, D6D and SCD1 correlated positively between liver and serum indicating that serum estimates reflected liver metabolism. Accordingly, NASH was associated with higher hepatic mRNA expression of corresponding genes FADS1, FADS2 and SCD. Finally, differences in FA metabolism that associated with NASH in obese individuals were also associated with high ALT in the METSIM Study. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated alterations in FA metabolism and endogenous desaturase activities that associate with NASH, independent of obesity and diet. This suggests that changes in endogenous FA metabolism are related to NASH and that they may contribute to the progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Walle
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Finland
| | - Markus Takkunen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Finland
| | - Ville Männistö
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Finland
| | - Maija Vaittinen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Finland
| | - Maria Lankinen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Finland
| | - Vesa Kärjä
- Department of Pathology, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Finland
| | - Pirjo Käkelä
- Department of Surgery, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Finland
| | - Jyrki Ågren
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Finland
| | - Mika Tiainen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland
| | - Ursula Schwab
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Finland; Clinical Nutrition and Obesity Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Finland
| | - Johanna Kuusisto
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Finland
| | - Markku Laakso
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Finland
| | - Jussi Pihlajamäki
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Finland; Clinical Nutrition and Obesity Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Finland.
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Elzinga S, Wood P, Adams AA. Plasma Lipidomic and Inflammatory Cytokine Profiles of Horses With Equine Metabolic Syndrome. J Equine Vet Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2016.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
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77
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Luukkonen PK, Zhou Y, Sädevirta S, Leivonen M, Arola J, Orešič M, Hyötyläinen T, Yki-Järvinen H. Hepatic ceramides dissociate steatosis and insulin resistance in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Hepatol 2016; 64:1167-1175. [PMID: 26780287 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Recent data in mice have identified de novo ceramide synthesis as the key mediator of hepatic insulin resistance (IR) that in humans characterizes increases in liver fat due to IR ('Metabolic NAFLD' but not that due to the I148M gene variant in PNPLA3 ('PNPLA3 NAFLD'). We determined which bioactive lipids co-segregate with IR in the human liver. METHODS Liver lipidome was profiled in liver biopsies from 125 subjects that were divided into equally sized groups based on median HOMA-IR ('High and Low HOMA-IR', n=62 and n=63) or PNPLA3 genotype (PNPLA3(148MM/MI), n=61 vs. PNPLA3(148II), n=64). The subjects were also divided into 4 groups who had either IR, the I148M gene variant, both of the risk factors or neither. RESULTS Steatosis and NASH prevalence were similarly increased in 'High HOMA-IR' and PNPLA3(148MM/MI) groups compared to their respective control groups. The 'High HOMA-IR' but not the PNPLA3(148MM/MI) group had features of IR. The liver in 'High HOMA-IR' vs. 'Low HOMA-IR' was markedly enriched in saturated and monounsaturated triacylglycerols and free fatty acids, dihydroceramides (markers of de novo ceramide synthesis) and ceramides. Markers of other ceramide synthetic pathways were unchanged. In PNPLA3(148MM/MI)vs. PNPLA3(148II), the increase in liver fat was due to polyunsaturated triacylglycerols while other lipids were unchanged. Similar changes were observed when data were analyzed using the 4 subgroups. CONCLUSIONS Similar increases in liver fat and NASH are associated with a metabolically harmful saturated, ceramide-enriched liver lipidome in 'Metabolic NAFLD' but not in 'PNPLA3 NAFLD'. This difference may explain why metabolic but not PNPLA3 NAFLD increases the risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panu K Luukkonen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - You Zhou
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sanja Sädevirta
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marja Leivonen
- Department of Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Arola
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | - Hannele Yki-Järvinen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Radde BN, Alizadeh-Rad N, Price SM, Schultz DJ, Klinge CM. Anacardic Acid, Salicylic Acid, and Oleic Acid Differentially Alter Cellular Bioenergetic Function in Breast Cancer Cells. J Cell Biochem 2016; 117:2521-32. [PMID: 26990649 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Anacardic acid is a dietary and medicinal phytochemical that inhibits breast cancer cell proliferation and uncouples oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in isolated rat liver mitochondria. Since mitochondrial-targeted anticancer therapy (mitocans) may be useful in breast cancer, we examined the effect of anacardic acid on cellular bioenergetics and OXPHOS pathway proteins in breast cancer cells modeling progression to endocrine-independence: MCF-7 estrogen receptor α (ERα)+ endocrine-sensitive; LCC9 and LY2 ERα+, endocrine-resistant, and MDA-MB-231 triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. At concentrations similar to cell proliferation IC50 s, anacardic acid reduced ATP-linked oxygen consumption rate (OCR), mitochondrial reserve capacity, and coupling efficiency while increasing proton leak, reflecting mitochondrial toxicity which was greater in MCF-7 compared to endocrine-resistant and TNBC cells. These results suggest tolerance in endocrine-resistant and TNBC cells to mitochondrial stress induced by anacardic acid. Since anacardic acid is an alkylated 2-hydroxybenzoic acid, the effects of salicylic acid (SA, 2-hydroxybenzoic acid moiety) and oleic acid (OA, monounsaturated alkyl moiety) were tested. SA inhibited whereas OA stimulated cell viability. In contrast to stimulation of basal OCR by anacardic acid (uncoupling effect), neither SA nor OA altered basal OCR- except OA inhibited basal and ATP-linked OCR, and increased ECAR, in MDA-MB-231 cells. Changes in OXPHOS proteins correlated with changes in OCR. Overall, neither the 2-hydroxybenzoic acid moiety nor the monounsaturated alky moiety of anacardic acid is solely responsible for the observed mitochondria-targeted anticancer activity in breast cancer cells and hence both moieties are required in the same molecule for the observed effects. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 2521-2532, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandie N Radde
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292
| | - Negin Alizadeh-Rad
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292
| | - Stephanie M Price
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292
| | - David J Schultz
- Department of Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292
| | - Carolyn M Klinge
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292.
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Ishikawa M, Saito K, Yamada H, Nakatsu N, Maekawa K, Saito Y. Plasma lipid profiling of different types of hepatic fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride and lomustine in rats. Lipids Health Dis 2016; 15:74. [PMID: 27068811 PMCID: PMC4828842 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-016-0244-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Plasma lipid profiling has emerged as a useful tool for understanding the pathophysiology of hepatic injury and disease. Hepatic fibrosis results from chronic, progressive damage to the liver and can lead, in turn, to more serious conditions such as hepatic cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the plasma lipid profiles of two types of hepatic fibrosis in order to aid the understanding of the pathophysiology of hepatic fibrosis. Methods A liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry platform was used to reveal and compare the plasma lipid profiles of two types of chemical-induced hepatic fibrosis. Rat models of centrilobular fibrosis and bile duct fibrosis were established via chronic exposure to the known fibrogenic hepatotoxins, carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) or lomustine (LS), respectively, over a 28-day period. To delineate the specific alterations in the lipid profiles as a result of the hepatic fibrosis, we also employed non-fibrogenic hepatotoxicants (2-acetamidofluorene, N-nitrosodiethylamine, and ethambutol) as well as 3-day treatment of CCl4 and LS, which did not induce fibrosis. Results Our assay platform identified 228 lipids in the rat plasma, and the global lipid profile clearly distinguished these models from the control via principal component analysis. In addition, the alteration of the plasma lipid profile caused by CCl4 and LS were clearly different. Furthermore, a number of lipids were identified as specific alterations caused by fibrosis induced only by CCl4 and LS, respectively. Three lysophosphatidylcholines (LPC[18:3], LPC[20:4], and LPC[22:6]), and three phosphatidylcholines (PC[18:2/20:4], PC[40:8], and PC[20:4/22:6]) are specific circulating lipids, the levels of which were altered by both CCl4 and LS treatment; however, their levels were decreased by chronic exposure to CCl4 and increased by chronic exposure to LS. Conclusions These results suggest that different types of chemical-induced hepatic fibrosis demonstrate clear differences in their plasma lipid profiles. Our study provides insights into the alteration of plasma lipidomic profiles as a result of the fibrosis of different parts of the hepatic lobule, and may help to understand the pathophysiology of different types of hepatic fibrosis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12944-016-0244-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Ishikawa
- Division of Medical Safety Science, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya, Tokyo, 158-8501, Japan
| | - Kosuke Saito
- Division of Medical Safety Science, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya, Tokyo, 158-8501, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Yamada
- Toxicogenomics Informatics Project, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 7-6-8 Saitoazagi, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0085, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Nakatsu
- Toxicogenomics Informatics Project, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 7-6-8 Saitoazagi, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0085, Japan
| | - Keiko Maekawa
- Division of Medical Safety Science, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya, Tokyo, 158-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Saito
- Division of Medical Safety Science, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya, Tokyo, 158-8501, Japan
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Perreault L, Starling AP, Glueck D, Brozinick JT, Sanders P, Siddall P, Kuo MS, Dabelea D, Bergman BC. Biomarkers of Ectopic Fat Deposition: The Next Frontier in Serum Lipidomics. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2016; 101:176-82. [PMID: 26574956 PMCID: PMC4701843 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2015-3213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Strong evidence suggests that ectopic fat rather than fat mass per se drives risk for type 2 diabetes. Nonetheless, biomarkers of ectopic fat have gone unexplored. OBJECTIVE To determine the utility of serum lipidomics to predict ectopic lipid deposition. DESIGN Cross-sectional. SETTING The Clinical Translational Research Center at the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus. PARTICIPANTS Endurance-trained athletes (n = 15, 41 ± 0.9 y old; body mass index 24 ± 0.6 kg/m(2)) and obese people with or without type 2 diabetes (n = 29, 42 ± 1.4 y old; body mass index 32 ± 2.5 kg/m(2)). INTERVENTION Blood sampling and skeletal muscle biopsy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Multivariable models determined the ability of serum lipids to predict intramuscular (im) lipid accumulation of triacylglycerol (TAG), diacylglycerol (DAG), and ceramide (liquid chromatography tandem mass spectroscopy). RESULTS Among people with obesity, serum ganglioside C22:0 and lactosylceramide C14:0 predicted muscle TAG (overall model R(2) = 0.48), whereas serum DAG C36:1 and free fatty acid (FFA) C18:4 were strong predictors of muscle DAG (overall model R(2) = 0.77), as were serum TAG C58:5, FFA C14:2 and C14:3, phosphotidylcholine C38:1, and cholesterol ester C24:1 to predict muscle ceramide (overall model R(2) = 0.85). Among endurance-trained athletes, serum FFA C14:1 and sphingosine were significant predictors of muscle TAG (overall model R(2) = 0.81), whereas no models could predict intramuscular DAG or ceramide in this group. CONCLUSIONS Different serum lipids predict intramuscular TAG accumulation in obese people vs athletes. The ability of serum lipidomics to predict intramuscular DAG and ceramide in insulin-resistant humans may prove a new biomarker to determine risk for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh Perreault
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes (L.P., B.C.B.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045; Department of Epidemiology (L.P., A.P.S., D.D.), Colorado School of Public Heath, Aurora, Colorado 80045; Department of Biostatistics and Informatics (D.G.), Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado 80045; and Eli Lilly and Company (J.T.B., P.Sa., P.Si., M.S.K.), Indianapolis, Indiana 46285
| | - Anne P Starling
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes (L.P., B.C.B.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045; Department of Epidemiology (L.P., A.P.S., D.D.), Colorado School of Public Heath, Aurora, Colorado 80045; Department of Biostatistics and Informatics (D.G.), Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado 80045; and Eli Lilly and Company (J.T.B., P.Sa., P.Si., M.S.K.), Indianapolis, Indiana 46285
| | - Deborah Glueck
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes (L.P., B.C.B.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045; Department of Epidemiology (L.P., A.P.S., D.D.), Colorado School of Public Heath, Aurora, Colorado 80045; Department of Biostatistics and Informatics (D.G.), Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado 80045; and Eli Lilly and Company (J.T.B., P.Sa., P.Si., M.S.K.), Indianapolis, Indiana 46285
| | - Joseph T Brozinick
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes (L.P., B.C.B.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045; Department of Epidemiology (L.P., A.P.S., D.D.), Colorado School of Public Heath, Aurora, Colorado 80045; Department of Biostatistics and Informatics (D.G.), Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado 80045; and Eli Lilly and Company (J.T.B., P.Sa., P.Si., M.S.K.), Indianapolis, Indiana 46285
| | - Phil Sanders
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes (L.P., B.C.B.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045; Department of Epidemiology (L.P., A.P.S., D.D.), Colorado School of Public Heath, Aurora, Colorado 80045; Department of Biostatistics and Informatics (D.G.), Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado 80045; and Eli Lilly and Company (J.T.B., P.Sa., P.Si., M.S.K.), Indianapolis, Indiana 46285
| | - Parker Siddall
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes (L.P., B.C.B.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045; Department of Epidemiology (L.P., A.P.S., D.D.), Colorado School of Public Heath, Aurora, Colorado 80045; Department of Biostatistics and Informatics (D.G.), Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado 80045; and Eli Lilly and Company (J.T.B., P.Sa., P.Si., M.S.K.), Indianapolis, Indiana 46285
| | - Ming Shang Kuo
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes (L.P., B.C.B.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045; Department of Epidemiology (L.P., A.P.S., D.D.), Colorado School of Public Heath, Aurora, Colorado 80045; Department of Biostatistics and Informatics (D.G.), Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado 80045; and Eli Lilly and Company (J.T.B., P.Sa., P.Si., M.S.K.), Indianapolis, Indiana 46285
| | - Dana Dabelea
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes (L.P., B.C.B.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045; Department of Epidemiology (L.P., A.P.S., D.D.), Colorado School of Public Heath, Aurora, Colorado 80045; Department of Biostatistics and Informatics (D.G.), Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado 80045; and Eli Lilly and Company (J.T.B., P.Sa., P.Si., M.S.K.), Indianapolis, Indiana 46285
| | - Bryan C Bergman
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes (L.P., B.C.B.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045; Department of Epidemiology (L.P., A.P.S., D.D.), Colorado School of Public Heath, Aurora, Colorado 80045; Department of Biostatistics and Informatics (D.G.), Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado 80045; and Eli Lilly and Company (J.T.B., P.Sa., P.Si., M.S.K.), Indianapolis, Indiana 46285
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Lankinen MA, Stančáková A, Uusitupa M, Ågren J, Pihlajamäki J, Kuusisto J, Schwab U, Laakso M. Plasma fatty acids as predictors of glycaemia and type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 2015; 58:2533-44. [PMID: 26277381 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-015-3730-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Our aim was to investigate the fasting proportions of fatty acids and estimated desaturase and elongase activities in three different lipid fractions in plasma, phospholipids (PLs), cholesteryl esters (CEs) and triacylglycerols (TGs), as predictors for the worsening of glycaemia (area under the glucose curve in an OGTT [glucose AUC]) and incident type 2 diabetes in a 5.9 year follow-up of the Metabolic Syndrome in Men population-based cohort. METHODS Fatty acid proportions were measured in plasma PL, CE and TG fractions in 1,364 Finnish men aged 45-68 years at baseline. The prospective follow-up study included only men who were non-diabetic at baseline and had data available at follow-up (n = 1,302). A total of 71 participants developed new type 2 diabetes during follow-up. RESULTS After adjusting for confounding factors, total saturated fatty acids, palmitoleic acid (16:1n-7), dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (20:3n-6) and estimated stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 and Δ(6)-desaturase (D6D) enzyme activities significantly predicted the worsening of glycaemia whereas total polyunsaturated fatty acid, linoleic acid (18:2n-6) and elongase activity predicted a decrease in the glucose AUC. Estimated D6D activity and dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (20:3n-6) were associated with an increased risk of incident type 2 diabetes. Results were consistent across the three different lipid fractions. However, fatty acid proportions in the PL and CE fractions were stronger predictors for glycaemia and incident type 2 diabetes compared with fatty acid proportions in the TG fraction. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Selected fatty acid proportions of plasma lipid fractions and their ratios, which reflect desaturase and elongase enzyme activities, may be good biomarkers for the worsening of glycaemia and incident type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Lankinen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Alena Stančáková
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Matti Uusitupa
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Research Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jyrki Ågren
- Institute of Biomedicine, Physiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jussi Pihlajamäki
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Clinical Nutrition and Obesity Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Johanna Kuusisto
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70210, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ursula Schwab
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Internal Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Markku Laakso
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70210, Kuopio, Finland.
- Department of Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.
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82
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Ishikawa M, Saito K, Urata M, Kumagai Y, Maekawa K, Saito Y. Comparison of circulating lipid profiles between fasting humans and three animal species used in preclinical studies: mice, rats and rabbits. Lipids Health Dis 2015; 14:104. [PMID: 26358237 PMCID: PMC4566205 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-015-0104-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Circulating lipid metabolites are associated with many physiological and biological processes in the body, and therefore could be used as biomarkers for evaluating drug efficacy and safety in preclinical studies. However, differences in circulating lipid profiles among humans and animals often used in preclinical studies have not been fully investigated. Methods We performed lipidomic analysis to obtain circulating lipid profiles of fasted humans (Caucasian, n = 15) and three animal species used in preclinical studies (mice [BALB/c, n = 5], rats [Sprague–Dawley, n = 5], and rabbits [New Zealand White, n = 5]) by using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results Our data showed marked differences in lipid profiles among humans and these animal species. Furthermore, we observed that the levels of many lipid metabolites, such as poly-unsaturated fatty acid-containing cholesteryl esters, ether-type phosphoglycerolipids, and sulfatides, were significantly different (p < 0.05) by more than 10-fold in these animals (depending on the animal species) from humans. Conclusion Our data could be useful while extrapolating the data on the biomarker candidates identified in preclinical studies into clinical studies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12944-015-0104-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Ishikawa
- Division of Medicinal Safety Science, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya, Tokyo, 158-8501, Japan
| | - Kosuke Saito
- Division of Medicinal Safety Science, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya, Tokyo, 158-8501, Japan.
| | - Masayo Urata
- Division of Medicinal Safety Science, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya, Tokyo, 158-8501, Japan
| | - Yuji Kumagai
- Clinical Research Center, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Keiko Maekawa
- Division of Medicinal Safety Science, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya, Tokyo, 158-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Saito
- Division of Medicinal Safety Science, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya, Tokyo, 158-8501, Japan
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83
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Cingolani F, Futerman AH, Casas J. Ceramide synthases in biomedical research. Chem Phys Lipids 2015; 197:25-32. [PMID: 26248326 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2015.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Sphingolipid metabolism consists of multiple metabolic pathways that converge upon ceramide, one of the key molecules among sphingolipids (SLs). In mammals, ceramide synthesis occurs via N-acylation of sphingoid backbones, dihydrosphingosine (dhSo) or sphingosine (So). The reaction is catalyzed by ceramide synthases (CerS), a family of enzymes with six different isoforms, with each one showing specificity towards a restricted group of acyl-CoAs, thus producing ceramides (Cer) and dihydroceramides (dhCer) with different fatty acid chain lengths. A large body of evidence documents the role of both So and dhSo as bioactive molecules, as well as the involvement of dhCer and Cer in physiological and pathological processes. In particular, the fatty acid composition of Cer has different effects in cell biology and in the onset and progression of different diseases. Therefore, modulation of CerS activity represents an attractive target in biomedical research and in finding new treatment modalities. In this review, we discuss functional, structural and biochemical features of CerS and examine CerS inhibitors that are currently available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Cingolani
- Research Unit on BioActive Molecules (RUBAM), Department of Biomedicinal Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anthony H Futerman
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Josefina Casas
- Research Unit on BioActive Molecules (RUBAM), Department of Biomedicinal Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
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84
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Deciphering non-alcoholic fatty liver disease through metabolomics. Biochem Soc Trans 2015; 42:1447-52. [PMID: 25233430 DOI: 10.1042/bst20140138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common liver disorders in industrialized countries. NAFLD develops in the absence of alcohol abuse and encompasses a wide spectrum of disorders ranging from benign fatty liver to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). NASH often leads to fibrosis, cirrhosis and, finally, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Therefore the earlier NAFLD is diagnosed, the better the patient's outlook. A tightly connected basic and applied research is essential to find the molecular mechanisms that accompany illness and to translate them into the clinic. From the simple starting point for triacylglycerol (TG) accumulation in the liver to the more complex implications of phospholipids in membrane biophysics, the influence of lipids may be the clue to understand NAFLD pathophysiology. Nowadays, it is achievable to diagnose non-invasively the initial symptoms to stop, revert or even prevent disease development. In this context, merging metabolomics with other techniques and the interpretation of the huge information obtained resembles the 'Rosetta stone' to decipher the pathological metabolic fluxes that must be targeted to find a cure. In the present review, we have tackled the application of metabolomics to find out the metabolic fluxes that underlie membrane integrity in NAFLD.
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85
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Siddiqui MS, Fuchs M, Idowu M, Luketic VA, Boyett S, Sargeant C, Stravitz RT, Puri P, Matherly S, Sterling RK, Contos M, Sanyal AJ. Severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and progression to cirrhosis are associated with atherogenic lipoprotein profile. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015; 13:1000-8.e3. [PMID: 25311381 PMCID: PMC4395517 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2014.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated independently with increased cardiovascular mortality. Although NAFLD is associated with dyslipidemia, it is not clear whether recently identified markers of cardiovascular risk indicate liver disease progression in patients with histologically confirmed NAFLD. We evaluated an extensive panel of serum markers of cardiovascular risk in nondiabetic patients with histologically proven NAFLD. METHODS We performed a case-control study in which we compared serum levels of laboratory markers of cardiovascular risk among 81 nondiabetic subjects with histologically confirmed NAFLD vs lean (N = 81) and obese (N = 81) individuals without NAFLD (based on liver fat score, controls). For ex vivo studies, liver tissues were obtained from subjects undergoing elective cholecystectomy or from a tissue repository. RESULTS Subjects with NAFLD had increased serum levels of insulin, triglycerides, and apolipoprotein B; increased size and concentration of very large density lipoprotein particles; increased concentrations of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles and small dense LDL (sdLDL) cholesterol, and an increased percentage of sdLDL, compared with controls. Although nonalcoholic steatohepatitis was associated with a worse profile of serum atherogenic markers than NAFLD, these differences did not reach statistical significance. Despite hyperinsulinemia, triglyceride and apolipoprotein B levels, concentrations of LDL particles and LDL cholesterol, and sdLDL-related parameters decreased significantly in patients with cirrhosis. Ex vivo studies showed that patients with NAFLD had increased sensitivity of hepatic triglyceride levels and cholesterol synthesis to insulin, and that sensitivity increased the development of cirrhosis. CONCLUSIONS Atherogenic dyslipidemia is related to increased insulin-induced hepatic lipid synthesis in patients with NAFLD. Reduced dyslipidemia in patients with cirrhosis is associated with increased insulin resistance and possibly failed lipid synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S. Siddiqui
- Div. of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Dept. of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298
| | - Michael Fuchs
- Div. of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Dept. of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298
| | - Michael Idowu
- Div. of Surgical Pathology, Dept. of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298
| | - Velimir A. Luketic
- Div. of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Dept. of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298
| | - Sherry Boyett
- Div. of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Dept. of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298
| | - Carol Sargeant
- Div. of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Dept. of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298
| | - Richard T. Stravitz
- Div. of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Dept. of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298
| | - Puneet Puri
- Div. of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Dept. of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298
| | - Scott Matherly
- Div. of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Dept. of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298
| | - Richard K. Sterling
- Div. of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Dept. of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298
| | - Melissa Contos
- Div. of Surgical Pathology, Dept. of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298
| | - Arun J. Sanyal
- Div. of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Dept. of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298
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86
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Maternal high-fat-diet programs rat offspring liver fatty acid metabolism. Lipids 2015; 50:565-73. [PMID: 25899040 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-015-4018-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In offspring exposed in utero to a maternal diet high in fat (HF), we have previously demonstrated that despite similar birth weights, HF adult offspring at 6 months of age had significantly higher body weights, greater adiposity, and increased triacylglycerol (TAG) levels as compared to controls. We hypothesized that a maternal HF diet predisposes to offspring adiposity via a programmed increase in the synthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids in the liver and hence increased substrate availability for liver TAG synthesis. We further hypothesized that programmed changes in offspring liver fatty acid metabolism are associated with increased liver expression of the lipogenic enzyme stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD-1). Female rats were maintained on a HF diet rich in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) prior to and throughout pregnancy and lactation. After birth, newborns were nursed by the same dam, and all offspring were weaned to control diet. Plasma and liver fatty acid compositions were determined using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Fatty acid C16 desaturation indices of palmitoleic/palmitic and (vaccenic + palmitoleic)/palmitic and the C18 desaturation index of oleic/stearic were calculated. Liver protein abundance of SCD-1 was analyzed in newborns and adult offspring. Plasma and liver C16 desaturation indices were decreased in HF newborns, but increased in the adult offspring. Liver SCD-1 expression was increased in the HF adult offspring. These data show that the maternal HF diet during pregnancy and lactation increases offspring liver SCD-1 protein abundance and alters the liver C16 desaturase pathway.
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Mika A, Kaska L, Korczynska J, Mirowska A, Stepnowski P, Proczko M, Ratnicki-Sklucki K, Goyke E, Sledzinski T. Visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 mRNA levels and fatty acid desaturation index positively correlate with BMI in morbidly obese women. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201400372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Mika
- Department of Lipid Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics; Polish Academy of Sciences; Warsaw Poland
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry; University of Gdansk; Gdansk Poland
| | - Lukasz Kaska
- Department of General, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery; Medical University of Gdansk; Gdansk Poland
| | - Justyna Korczynska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry; Medical University of Gdansk; Gdansk Poland
| | - Agnieszka Mirowska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry; Medical University of Gdansk; Gdansk Poland
| | - Piotr Stepnowski
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry; University of Gdansk; Gdansk Poland
| | - Monika Proczko
- Department of General, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery; Medical University of Gdansk; Gdansk Poland
| | | | - Elzbieta Goyke
- Department of Biochemistry; Medical University of Gdansk; Gdansk Poland
| | - Tomasz Sledzinski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry; Medical University of Gdansk; Gdansk Poland
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Scherer M, Montoliu I, Qanadli SD, Collino S, Rezzi S, Kussmann M, Giusti V, Martin FPJ. Blood plasma lipidomic signature of epicardial fat in healthy obese women. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2015; 23:130-7. [PMID: 25400283 DOI: 10.1002/oby.20925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A lipidomic approach was employed in a clinically well-defined cohort of healthy obese women to explore blood lipidome phenotype ascribed to body fat deposition, with emphasis on epicardial adipose tissue (EAT). METHODS The present investigation delivered a lipidomics signature of epicardial adiposity under healthy clinical conditions using a cohort of 40 obese females (age: 25-45 years, BMI: 28-40 kg/m(2) ) not showing any metabolic disease traits. Lipidomics analysis of blood plasma was employed in combination with in vivo quantitation of mediastinal fat depots by computerized tomography. RESULTS All cardiac fat depots correlated to indicators of hepatic dysfunctions (ALAT and ASAT), which describe physiological connections between hepatic and cardiac steatosis. Plasma lipidomics encompassed overall levels of lipid classes, fatty acid profiles, and individual lipid species. EAT and visceral fat associated with diacylglycerols (DAG), triglycerides, and distinct phospholipid and sphingolipid species. A pattern of DAG and phosphoglycerols was specific to EAT. CONCLUSIONS Human blood plasma lipidomics appears to be a promising clinical and potentially diagnostic readout for patient stratification and monitoring. Association of blood lipidomics signature to regio-specific mediastinal and visceral adiposity under healthy clinical conditions may help provide more biological insights into obese patient stratification for cardiovascular disease risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Scherer
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences SA, Lausanne, Switzerland
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89
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Effects of sex, age, and fasting conditions on plasma lipidomic profiles of fasted Sprague-Dawley rats. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112266. [PMID: 25375860 PMCID: PMC4223040 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating lipid molecules reflect biological processes in the body and, thus, are useful tools for preclinical estimation of the efficacy and safety of newly developed drugs. However, background information on profiles of circulating lipid molecules in preclinical animal models is limited. Therefore, we examined the effects of multiple factors such as sex (fasted male vs. female), age (fasted 10 vs. 30 weeks old), and feeding conditions (feeding vs. fasting, 16 vs. 22 hr fasting, 10 AM vs. 4 PM blood collection), on the global profiles of lipid molecules in plasma from Sprague-Dawley rats by using a lipidomic approach. Our assay platform determined 262 lipid molecules (68 phospholipids, 20 sphingolipids, 138 neutral lipids, and 36 polyunsaturated fatty acids and their metabolites) in rat plasma. Multivariate discriminant analysis (orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis) and heat maps of statistically significant lipid molecules revealed that the plasma lipid profiles in rats are predominantly influenced by feeding conditions, followed by sex and age. In addition, the fasting duration (16 vs. 22 hr fasting) or the time of blood collection (10 AM vs. 4 PM blood collection) has limited or no contribution on the profiles of lipid molecules in rat plasma. Our results provide useful, fundamental information for exploring and validating biomarkers in future preclinical studies and may help to establish regulatory standards for such studies.
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90
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Turpin SM, Nicholls HT, Willmes DM, Mourier A, Brodesser S, Wunderlich CM, Mauer J, Xu E, Hammerschmidt P, Brönneke HS, Trifunovic A, LoSasso G, Wunderlich FT, Kornfeld JW, Blüher M, Krönke M, Brüning JC. Obesity-induced CerS6-dependent C16:0 ceramide production promotes weight gain and glucose intolerance. Cell Metab 2014; 20:678-86. [PMID: 25295788 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2014.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 481] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Ceramides increase during obesity and promote insulin resistance. Ceramides vary in acyl-chain lengths from C14:0 to C30:0 and are synthesized by six ceramide synthase enzymes (CerS1-6). It remains unresolved whether obesity-associated alterations of specific CerSs and their defined acyl-chain length ceramides contribute to the manifestation of metabolic diseases. Here we reveal that CERS6 mRNA expression and C16:0 ceramides are elevated in adipose tissue of obese humans, and increased CERS6 expression correlates with insulin resistance. Conversely, CerS6-deficient (CerS6(Δ/Δ)) mice exhibit reduced C16:0 ceramides and are protected from high-fat-diet-induced obesity and glucose intolerance. CerS6 deletion increases energy expenditure and improves glucose tolerance, not only in CerS6(Δ/Δ) mice, but also in brown adipose tissue- (CerS6(ΔBAT)) and liver-specific (CerS6(ΔLIVER)) CerS6 knockout mice. CerS6 deficiency increases lipid utilization in BAT and liver. These experiments highlight CerS6 inhibition as a specific approach for the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus, circumventing the side effects of global ceramide synthesis inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Turpin
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia 50931, Germany; CECAD, Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia 50931, Germany
| | - Hayley T Nicholls
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia 50931, Germany; CECAD, Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia 50931, Germany
| | - Diana M Willmes
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia 50931, Germany; CECAD, Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia 50931, Germany
| | - Arnaud Mourier
- CECAD, Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia 50931, Germany; Max Planck Institute for the Biology of Aging, Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia 50931, Germany
| | | | - Claudia M Wunderlich
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia 50931, Germany; CECAD, Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia 50931, Germany
| | - Jan Mauer
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia 50931, Germany; CECAD, Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia 50931, Germany
| | - Elaine Xu
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia 50931, Germany; CECAD, Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia 50931, Germany
| | - Philipp Hammerschmidt
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia 50931, Germany; CECAD, Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia 50931, Germany
| | - Hella S Brönneke
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia 50931, Germany; CECAD, Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia 50931, Germany
| | | | - Giuseppe LoSasso
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - F Thomas Wunderlich
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia 50931, Germany; CECAD, Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia 50931, Germany
| | - Jan-Wilhelm Kornfeld
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia 50931, Germany; CECAD, Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia 50931, Germany
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Saxony 04103, Germany
| | - Martin Krönke
- CECAD, Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia 50931, Germany; Institute for Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia 50931, Germany
| | - Jens C Brüning
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia 50931, Germany; CECAD, Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia 50931, Germany; Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (CEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia 50931, Germany.
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91
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Systems biology strategies to study lipidomes in health and disease. Prog Lipid Res 2014; 55:43-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2013] [Revised: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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92
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Roles of Sphingolipid Metabolism in Pancreatic β Cell Dysfunction Induced by Lipotoxicity. J Clin Med 2014; 3:646-62. [PMID: 26237395 PMCID: PMC4449690 DOI: 10.3390/jcm3020646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Revised: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic β cells secrete insulin in order to maintain glucose homeostasis. However, various environmental stresses such as obesity have been shown to induce loss of secretory responsiveness in pancreatic β cells and pancreatic β cell apoptosis which can favor the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Indeed, elevated levels of free fatty acids (FFAs) have been shown to induce β cell apoptosis. Importantly, the chronic adverse effects of FFAs on β cell function and viability are potentiated in the presence of hyperglycaemia, a phenomenon that has been termed gluco-lipotoxicity. The molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of gluco-lipotoxicity in pancreatic β cells are not completely understood. Recent studies have shown that sphingolipid metabolism plays a key role in gluco-lipotoxicity induced apoptosis and loss of function of pancreatic β cells. The present review focuses on how the two main sphingolipid mediators, ceramides and sphingoid base-1-phosphates, regulate the deleterious effects of gluco-lipotoxicity on pancreatic β cells. The review highlights the role of a sphingolipid biostat on the dysregulation of β cell fate and function induced by gluco-lipotoxicity, offering the possibility of new therapeutic targets to prevent the onset of T2D.
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93
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Li S, Zhou T, Li C, Dai Z, Che D, Yao Y, Li L, Ma J, Yang X, Gao G. High metastaticgastric and breast cancer cells consume oleic acid in an AMPK dependent manner. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97330. [PMID: 24823908 PMCID: PMC4019637 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 04/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer and breast cancer have a clear tendency toward metastasis and invasion to the microenvironment predominantly composed of adipocytes. Oleic acid is an abundant monounsaturated fatty acid that releases from adipocytes and impinges on different energy metabolism responses. The effect and underlying mechanisms of oleic acid on highly metastatic cancer cells are not completely understood. We reported that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) was obviously activated in highly aggressive carcinoma cell lines treated by oleic acid, including gastric carcinoma HGC-27 and breast carcinoma MDA-MB-231 cell lines. AMPK enhanced the rates of fatty acid oxidation and ATP production and thus significantly promoted cancer growth and migration under serum deprivation. Inactivation of AMPK attenuated these activities of oleic acid. Oleic acid inhibited cancer cell growth and survival in low metastatic carcinoma cells, such as gastric carcinoma SGC7901 and breast carcinoma MCF-7 cell lines. Pharmacological activation of AMPK rescued the cell viability by maintained ATP levels by increasing fatty acid β-oxidation. These results indicate that highly metastatic carcinoma cells could consume oleic acid to maintain malignancy in an AMPK-dependent manner. Our findings demonstrate the important contribution of fatty acid oxidation to cancer cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, SunYat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ti Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, SunYat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cen Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, SunYat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyu Dai
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, SunYat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Di Che
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, SunYat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yachao Yao
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, SunYat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, SunYat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianxing Ma
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma, Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Xia Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, SunYat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecules from Marine Microorganisms (Sun Yat-sen University), Department of Education of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (GG); (XY)
| | - Guoquan Gao
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, SunYat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- China Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (SunYat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (GG); (XY)
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94
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Metabolic profiling of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells: influence of vitamin d status and gender. Metabolites 2014; 4:248-59. [PMID: 24957025 PMCID: PMC4101505 DOI: 10.3390/metabo4020248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Revised: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic profiling of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) could serve as a less invasive and more direct alternative to tissue biopsies or serum in metabolomic research. We conducted two exploratory independent studies in order to characterise PBMC’s metabolomic profile following short-term vitamin D3 supplementation and to determine gender effects. In the first study, eight healthy males and females aged 40–65 y were randomly selected for profiling of PBMCs after receiving either 15 µg of vitamin D3 or placebo for four weeks. In the second study, twenty younger healthy males and females were studied. Cell metabolites were extracted and deproteinised using methanol/chloroform/water method and analysed by GC-MS. Higher vitamin D status had no effect on the fatty acid profile of PBMCs, but inflammatory biomarkers and adipokines correlated positively with stearic acid levels. In the second study, no gender-specific metabolites were identified. Valine, leucine and aspartic acid were identified as potential BMI-sensitive amino acids. Larger studies are needed to confirm the influence of BMI on these parameters. This work clearly demonstrates the utility of metabolomics profiling of PBMCs and paves the way for future applications of metabolomics in identifying metabolic profiles of blood cells as a measure for dietary intakes or physiological status.
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95
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Mamtani M, Meikle PJ, Kulkarni H, Weir JM, Barlow CK, Jowett JB, Bellis C, Dyer TD, Almasy L, Mahaney MC, Duggirala R, Comuzzie AG, Blangero J, Curran JE. Plasma dihydroceramide species associate with waist circumference in Mexican American families. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2014; 22:950-6. [PMID: 23929697 PMCID: PMC3918249 DOI: 10.1002/oby.20598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 08/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Waist circumference (WC), the clinical marker of central obesity, is gaining popularity as a screening tool for type 2 diabetes (T2D). While there is epidemiologic evidence favoring the WC-T2D association, its biological substantiation is generally weak. Our objective was to determine the independent association of plasma lipid repertoire with WC. METHODS Samples and data from the San Antonio Family Heart Study of 1208 Mexican Americans from 42 extended families were used. Association of plasma lipidomic profiles with the cross-sectionally assessed WC was determined. Plasma lipidomic profiling entailed liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry. Statistical analyses included multivariable polygenic regression models and bivariate trait analyses using the SOLAR software. RESULTS After adjusting for age and sex interactions, body mass index, homeostasis model of assessment-insulin resistance, total cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoproteins and use of lipid lowering drugs, dihydroceramides as a class were associated with WC. Dihydroceramide species 18:0, 20:0, 22:0, and 24:1 were significantly associated and genetically correlated with WC. Two sphingomyelin species (31:1 and 41:1) were also associated with WC. CONCLUSIONS Plasma dihydroceramide levels independently associate with WC. Thus, high resolution plasma lipidomic studies can provide further credence to the biological underpinnings of the association of WC with T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manju Mamtani
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
| | - Peter J. Meikle
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Hemant Kulkarni
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
| | - Jacquelyn M. Weir
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | | | - Jeremy B. Jowett
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Claire Bellis
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
| | - Thomas D. Dyer
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
| | - Laura Almasy
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
| | - Michael C. Mahaney
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
| | | | - Anthony G. Comuzzie
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
| | - John Blangero
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
| | - Joanne E. Curran
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
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96
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Gertow J, Kjellqvist S, Ståhlman M, Cheung L, Gottfries J, Werngren O, Borén J, Franco-Cereceda A, Eriksson P, Fisher RM. Ceramides are associated with inflammatory processes in human mediastinal adipose tissue. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2014; 24:124-131. [PMID: 24113394 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2013.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Revised: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Ceramides are poorly characterized in human adipose tissue. The aim of this study was to investigate concentrations of different ceramide species in human subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue depots and to determine associations between ceramides and global gene expression profiles. METHODS AND RESULTS Concentrations of six ceramide species were determined in plasma and in subcutaneous and mediastinal adipose tissue from 10 overweight subjects (BMI 29.4 ± 4.9 kg/m(2)). In the adipose tissue biopsies gene expression arrays were performed and relationships between ceramides and gene expression analyzed. Immunostaining of the two adipose tissue depots was performed in an independent group of 10 patients. Mediastinal adipose tissue contained significantly higher concentrations (p < 0.05) of all six ceramide species than the subcutaneous depot. Of the six ceramides in plasma, concentrations of only two (Cer d18:1/18:0 and Cer d18:1/22:0) correlated significantly (p < 0.05) with the corresponding species in mediastinal adipose tissue, but there were no significant correlations between ceramides in plasma and subcutaneous adipose tissue. Multivariate analysis identified significant correlations between the total ceramide concentration and global gene expression within mediastinal, but not subcutaneous adipose tissue, according to cross-validation. Gene ontology analysis of genes related to ceramides in the mediastinal depot revealed that genes positively correlated with ceramides were associated mainly with immune and inflammatory categories, while genes negatively correlated with ceramides were associated mainly with lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. CONCLUSIONS Ceramides in human mediastinal adipose tissue may be involved in inflammation and lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gertow
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S Kjellqvist
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Ståhlman
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - L Cheung
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J Gottfries
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - O Werngren
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J Borén
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - A Franco-Cereceda
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - P Eriksson
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - R M Fisher
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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97
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Lopez S, Bermudez B, Montserrat-de la Paz S, Jaramillo S, Varela LM, Ortega-Gomez A, Abia R, Muriana FJG. Membrane composition and dynamics: a target of bioactive virgin olive oil constituents. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2014; 1838:1638-56. [PMID: 24440426 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2014.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Revised: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The endogenous synthesis of lipids, which requires suitable dietary raw materials, is critical for the formation of membrane bilayers. In eukaryotic cells, phospholipids are the predominant membrane lipids and consist of hydrophobic acyl chains attached to a hydrophilic head group. The relative balance between saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated acyl chains is required for the organization and normal function of membranes. Virgin olive oil is the richest natural dietary source of the monounsaturated lipid oleic acid and is one of the key components of the healthy Mediterranean diet. Virgin olive oil also contains a unique constellation of many other lipophilic and amphipathic constituents whose health benefits are still being discovered. The focus of this review is the latest evidence regarding the impact of oleic acid and the minor constituents of virgin olive oil on the arrangement and behavior of lipid bilayers. We highlight the relevance of these interactions to the potential use of virgin olive oil in preserving the functional properties of membranes to maintain health and in modulating membrane functions that can be altered in several pathologies. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Membrane Structure and Function: Relevance in the Cell's Physiology, Pathology and Therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Lopez
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, Instituto de la Grasa, CSIC, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Beatriz Bermudez
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, Instituto de la Grasa, CSIC, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | | | - Sara Jaramillo
- Laboratory of Phytochemicals and Food Quality, Instituto de la Grasa, CSIC, 41014 Seville, Spain
| | - Lourdes M Varela
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, Instituto de la Grasa, CSIC, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Almudena Ortega-Gomez
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, Instituto de la Grasa, CSIC, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Rocio Abia
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, Instituto de la Grasa, CSIC, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Francisco J G Muriana
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, Instituto de la Grasa, CSIC, 41012 Seville, Spain.
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98
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Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most prevalent chronic liver disease in western countries and is closely related to the metabolic syndrome. When NAFLD is associated with hepatocellular damage and inflammation (non-alcoholic steatohepatitis [NASH]) it can lead to severe liver disease. However, it has become clear that NAFLD is also associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), independently of classical known risk factors for the latter. In the current review we briefly summarise the current clinical evidence on the role of NAFLD in CVD and discuss the potential mechanisms by which NAFLD can be linked to the pathophysiology of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven M Francque
- Department of Gastroenterology Hepatology, University Hospital Antwerp & Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Paediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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99
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Heilbronn LK, Coster ACF, Campbell LV, Greenfield JR, Lange K, Christopher MJ, Meikle PJ, Samocha-Bonet D. The effect of short-term overfeeding on serum lipids in healthy humans. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2013; 21:E649-59. [PMID: 23640727 DOI: 10.1002/oby.20508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES While chronic obesity is associated with alterations in circulating glycerolipids, sphingolipids and plasmalogens, the effects of short-term overfeeding in humans are unclear. DESIGN AND METHODS Healthy individuals (n = 40) were overfed by 1,250 kcal day(-1) for 28 days. Insulin sensitivity (hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp), abdominal fat distribution and serum lipidomics (mass spectrometry) were assessed. RESULTS Overfeeding increased liver fat, insulin resistance, serum C-reactive protein and urinary F2-isoprostanes. HDL increased (11% ± 2%, P < 0.001) while LDL, triglycerides and nonesterified fatty acids were unchanged. Three hundred and thirty three serum lipids were detected, of which 13% increased and 20% decreased with overfeeding. Total diacylglycerol and lysoalkylphosphatidylcholine (LPC(O)) concentrations decreased (P < 0.01), while total ceramide, Cer22:0 and Cer24:0 increased (P ≤ 0.01). The most notable increases were observed in the HDL-associated phosphatidylethanolamine-based plasmalogens and their precursors alkylhosphatidylethanolamine (18 ± 5% and 38 ± 8% respectively, P ≤ 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Overfeeding led to weight gain and changes in the serum lipid profile. Increases in ceramides were noted, which left unchecked may promote systemic insulin resistance. Uniform increases were observed in plasmalogens and their precursors. Because plasmalogens are powerful antioxidants, this may be an appropriate response against increased oxidative stress generated by over-nutrition. The metabolic consequences of changes in concentrations of many circulating lipid species with overfeeding require further study. Copyright © 2013 The Obesity Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie K Heilbronn
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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100
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Liu S, Brown JD, Stanya KJ, Homan E, Leidl M, Inouye K, Bhargava P, Gangl MR, Dai L, Hatano B, Hotamisligil GS, Saghatelian A, Plutzky J, Lee CH. A diurnal serum lipid integrates hepatic lipogenesis and peripheral fatty acid use. Nature 2013; 502:550-4. [PMID: 24153306 PMCID: PMC4141623 DOI: 10.1038/nature12710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Food intake increases the activity of hepatic de novo lipogenesis, which mediates the conversion of glucose to fats for storage or utilization. In mice, this program follows a circadian rhythm that peaks with nocturnal feeding1,2 and is repressed by Rev-erbα/β and an HDAC3-containing complex3–5 during the day. The transcriptional activators controlling rhythmic lipid synthesis in the dark cycle remain poorly defined. Disturbances in hepatic lipogenesis are also associated with systemic metabolic phenotypes6–8, suggesting that lipogenesis in the liver communicates with peripheral tissues to control energy substrate homeostasis. Here we identify a PPARδ-dependent de novo lipogenic pathway in the liver that modulates fat utilization by muscle via a circulating lipid. The nuclear receptor PPARδ controls diurnal expression of lipogenic genes in the dark/feeding cycle. Liver-specific PPARδ activation increases, while hepatocyte-Ppard deletion reduces, muscle fatty acid (FA) uptake. Unbiased metabolite profiling identifies PC(18:0/18:1), or 1-stearoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (SOPC), as a serum lipid regulated by diurnal hepatic PPARδ activity. PC(18:0/18:1) reduces postprandial lipid levels and increases FA utilization through muscle PPARα. High fat feeding diminishes rhythmic production of PC(18:0/18:1), whereas PC(18:0/18:1) administration in db/db mice improves metabolic homeostasis. These findings reveal an integrated regulatory circuit coupling lipid synthesis in the liver to energy utilization in muscle by coordinating the activity of two closely related nuclear receptors. These data implicate alterations in diurnal hepatic PPARδ-PC(18:0/18:1) signaling in metabolic disorders including obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihao Liu
- 1] Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Division of Biological Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA [2]
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