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Jain A, Gyori BM, Hakim S, Bunga S, Taub DG, Ruiz-Cantero MC, Tong-Li C, Andrews N, Sorger PK, Woolf CJ. Nociceptor neuroimmune interactomes reveal cell type- and injury-specific inflammatory pain pathways. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.01.526526. [PMID: 36778477 PMCID: PMC9915698 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.01.526526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory pain associated with tissue injury and infections, results from the heightened sensitivity of the peripheral terminals of nociceptor sensory neurons in response to exposure to inflammatory mediators. Targeting immune-derived inflammatory ligands, like prostaglandin E2, has been effective in alleviating inflammatory pain. However, the diversity of immune cells and the vast array of ligands they produce make it challenging to systematically map all neuroimmune pathways that contribute to inflammatory pain. Here, we constructed a comprehensive and updatable database of receptor-ligand pairs and complemented it with single-cell transcriptomics of immune cells and sensory neurons in three distinct inflammatory pain conditions, to generate injury-specific neuroimmune interactomes. We identified cell-type-specific neuroimmune axes that are common, as well as unique, to different injury types. This approach successfully predicts neuroimmune pathways with established roles in inflammatory pain as well as ones not previously described. We found that thrombospondin-1 produced by myeloid cells in all three conditions, is a negative regulator of nociceptor sensitization, revealing a non-canonical role of immune ligands as an endogenous reducer of peripheral sensitization. This computational platform lays the groundwork to identify novel mechanisms of immune-mediated peripheral sensitization and the specific disease contexts in which they act.
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McDaniel MM, Lara HI, von Moltke J. Initiation of type 2 immunity at barrier surfaces. Mucosal Immunol 2023; 16:86-97. [PMID: 36642383 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2022.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Although seemingly unrelated, parasitic worms, venoms, and allergens all induce a type 2 immune response. The effector functions and clinical features of type 2 immunity are well-defined, but fundamental questions about the initiation of type 2 immunity remain unresolved. How are these enormously diverse type 2 stimuli first detected? How are type 2 helper T cells primed and regulated? And how do mechanisms of type 2 initiation vary across tissues? Here, we review the common themes governing type 2 immune sensing and explore aspects of T cell priming and effector reactivation that make type 2 helper T cells a unique T helper lineage. Throughout the review, we emphasize the importance of non-hematopoietic cells and highlight how the unique anatomy and physiology of each barrier tissue shape mechanisms of type 2 immune initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret M McDaniel
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, USA.
| | - Heber I Lara
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, USA
| | - Jakob von Moltke
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, USA
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Starkl P, Jonsson G, Artner T, Turnes BL, Serhan N, Oliveira T, Gail LM, Stejskal K, Channon KM, Köcher T, Stary G, Klang V, Gaudenzio N, Knapp S, Woolf CJ, Penninger JM, Cronin SJ. Mast cell-derived BH4 is a critical mediator of postoperative pain. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.24.525378. [PMID: 37293068 PMCID: PMC10245978 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.24.525378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Postoperative pain affects most patients after major surgery and can transition to chronic pain. Here, we discovered that postoperative pain hypersensitivity correlated with markedly increased local levels of the metabolite BH4. Gene transcription and reporter mouse analyses after skin injury identified neutrophils, macrophages and mast cells as primary postoperative sources of GTP cyclohydrolase-1 (Gch1) expression, the rate-limiting enzyme in BH4 production. While specific Gch1 deficiency in neutrophils or macrophages had no effect, mice deficient in mast cells or mast cell-specific Gch1 showed drastically decreased postoperative pain after surgery. Skin injury induced the nociceptive neuropeptide substance P, which directly triggers the release of BH4-dependent serotonin in mouse and human mast cells. Substance P receptor blockade substantially ameliorated postoperative pain. Our findings underline the unique position of mast cells at the neuro-immune interface and highlight substance P-driven mast cell BH4 production as promising therapeutic targets for the treatment of postoperative pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Starkl
- Research Division of Infection Biology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gustav Jonsson
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna BioCenter PhD Program, Doctoral School of the University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tyler Artner
- Research Division of Infection Biology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bruna Lenfers Turnes
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Research Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, United States, Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nadine Serhan
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), Inserm UMR1291 CNRS UMR5051, University of Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Tiago Oliveira
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Laura-Marie Gail
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- LBI-RUD – Ludwig-Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria
- CeMM, Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karel Stejskal
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Keith M. Channon
- Radcliffe Department of, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Thomas Köcher
- Vienna BioCenter Core Facilities (VBCF), 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg Stary
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- LBI-RUD – Ludwig-Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria
- CeMM, Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Victoria Klang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nicolas Gaudenzio
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), Inserm UMR1291 CNRS UMR5051, University of Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
- Genoskin SAS, Toulouse, France
| | - Sylvia Knapp
- Research Division of Infection Biology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Clifford J. Woolf
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Research Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, United States, Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Josef M. Penninger
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Medical Genetics, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Shane J.F. Cronin
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
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54
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Scibiorek M, Mthembu N, Mangali S, Ngomti A, Ikwegbue P, Brombacher F, Hadebe S. IL-4Rα signalling in B cells and T cells play differential roles in acute and chronic atopic dermatitis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:144. [PMID: 36599893 PMCID: PMC9812985 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26637-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common pruritic inflammatory skin disease with complex environmental and genetic predisposing factors. Primary skin barrier dysfunction and aberrant T helper 2 (TH2) responses to common allergens, together with increased serum IgE antibodies, characterise the disease. B and T cells are essential in the disease manifestation, however, the exact mechanism of how these cells is involved is unclear. Targeting interleukin 4 receptor alpha (IL-4Rα), an IL-4/IL-13 signalling axis, with dupilumab shows efficacy in AD. We investigated the importance of IL-4Rα signalling specifically on B and T cells during acute and chronic models of AD. We used House dust mite (HDM) and Ovalbumin (OVA) in chronic models and a low-calcemic analog of vitamin D (MC903) for acute models of AD. We used mb1creIL-4Rα-/lox, iLCKcreIL-4Rα-/lox, LCKcreIL-4Rα-/lox, CD4creIL-4Rα-/lox, Foxp3creIL-4Rα-/lox and IL-4Rα-/lox littermate controls. IL-4Rα-responsive B cells were essential in serum IgE levels, but not in epidermal thickening in both chronic and acute models. IL-4Rα-responsive T cells were essential in epidermal thickening in the pan-T cell, but not CD4 or CD8 T cells suggesting the importance of γδT cells during acute AD. Our results suggest that IL-4Rα responsiveness on innate T cells regulates acute atopic dermatitis, while on B cells it regulates IgE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyna Scibiorek
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
- Division of Immunology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Health Science Faculty, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Nontobeko Mthembu
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Sandisiwe Mangali
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Immunology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Health Science Faculty, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Amkele Ngomti
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Paul Ikwegbue
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Frank Brombacher
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Immunology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Health Science Faculty, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa (CIDRI-Africa), Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa
| | - Sabelo Hadebe
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
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Liu W, Xu R, Wang F. Recent Advances of Basophils in Pruritic Skin Diseases. J Invest Dermatol 2023; 143:691-698. [PMID: 36608999 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Basophils are a rare type of granulocyte in peripheral blood. Owing to their accessibility in circulation and similarities to mast cells, basophils were considered a tool to gain insight into the function of mast cells. However, recent studies have uncovered that basophils have unique biology, specifically in activation, recruitment, and potential biomarkers. Accordingly, some previously unrecognized functions, particularly in neuroimmunology, have been found, suggesting a role of basophils in inflammatory and pruritic disorders. In this review, we aim to present an overview of basophil biology to show how basophils contribute to certain pruritic skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Liu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Xu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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56
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Keith YH, Honda T, Ono S, Lee B, Shibuya R, Hanakawa S, Ishida Y, Nakamizo S, Kabashima K. Infiltration and local differentiation of bone marrow-derived integrinβ7-positive mast cell progenitors in atopic dermatitis-like skin. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 151:159-171.e8. [PMID: 36122789 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mast cells (MCs) are tissue-resident cells with various immunologic functions. MCs are increased in atopic dermatitis (AD) skin and can contribute to the inflammation. Although skin MCs are inducible from bone marrow (BM) cells in vitro, they are maintained locally by self-proliferation in the steady state in vivo. However, how skin MCs are increased in AD skin, including the infiltration of BM-derived MC progenitors (MCps) and their differentiation, remains unclear. OBJECTIVE We sought to identify and characterize BM-derived MCps in AD skin. METHODS BM-derived MCps in AD skin were analyzed by flow cytometry using BM-chimeric mice and parabiosis in an MC903-induced AD model. BM-derived MCps in AD-like skin were compared with resident MCs for gene expression by RNA- sequencing analysis. RESULTS We observed local proliferation of resident MCs and an increase in BM-derived MCs in AD-like skin. BM-derived MCs in the skin were derived from circulating MCps and were distinguishable from resident MCs by integrinβ7. RNA- sequence analysis showed that integrinβ7+ MCs (BM-derived MCps) in the skin shared the characteristics of both mucosal-type MCs and connective tissue-type MCs, and increased the expression of genes related to MCp migration. BM-derived MCps proliferated in situ, gradually lost the integrinβ7 expression, and acquired connective tissue-type MC phenotypes during the remission phase of inflammation. CONCLUSIONS BM-derived integrinβ7+ MCps migrate to AD-like skin and contribute to the maintenance of skin MCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Honda Keith
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Tetsuya Honda
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Dermatology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.
| | - Sachiko Ono
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Bernett Lee
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Biopolis, Singapore, Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rintaro Shibuya
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Sho Hanakawa
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore (SRIS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Biopolis, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yoshihiro Ishida
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nakamizo
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenji Kabashima
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Biopolis, Singapore, Singapore; Skin Research Institute of Singapore (SRIS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Biopolis, Singapore, Singapore.
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57
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St John AL, Rathore APS, Ginhoux F. New perspectives on the origins and heterogeneity of mast cells. Nat Rev Immunol 2023; 23:55-68. [PMID: 35610312 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-022-00731-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Mast cells are immune cells of the haematopoietic lineage that are now thought to have multifaceted functions during homeostasis and in various disease states. Furthermore, while mast cells have been known for a long time to contribute to allergic disease in adults, recent studies, mainly in mice, have highlighted their early origins during fetal development and potential for immune functions, including allergic responses, in early life. Our understanding of the imprinting of mast cells by particular tissues of residence and their potential for regulatory interactions with organ systems such as the peripheral immune, nervous and vascular systems is also rapidly evolving. Here, we discuss the origins of mast cells and their diverse and plastic phenotypes that are influenced by tissue residence. We explore how divergent phenotypes and functions might result from both their hard-wired 'nature' defined by their ontogeny and the 'nurture' they receive within specialized tissue microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley L St John
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- SingHealth Duke-NUS Global Health Institute, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Abhay P S Rathore
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Florent Ginhoux
- Singapore Immunology Network, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore.
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Translational Immunology Institute, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore.
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58
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Kumar M, Duraisamy K, Annapureddy RR, Chan CB, Chow BKC. Novel small molecule MRGPRX2 antagonists inhibit a murine model of allergic reaction. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 151:1110-1122. [PMID: 36581009 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.12.805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activation of Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor X2 (MRGPRX2) is a crucial non-IgE pathway for mast cell activation associated with allergic reactions and inflammation. Only a few peptides and small compounds targeting MRGPRX2 have been reported, with limited information on their pharmacologic activity. OBJECTIVE We sought to develop novel small molecule MRGPRX2 antagonists to treat MRGPRX2-mediated allergies and inflammation. METHODS A computational approach was used to design novel small molecules as MRGPRX2 antagonists. The short-listed molecules were synthesized and characterized by liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry as well as nuclear magnetic resonance. Inhibitory activity on MRGPRX2 signaling was assessed in vitro by using functional bioassays (β-hexosaminidase, calcium flux, and chemokine synthesis) and receptor activation assays (β-arrestin recruitment and Western blot analysis) in human LAD-2 mast cells and HTLA cells. In vivo effects of the novel MRGPRX2 antagonists were assessed using a mouse model of acute allergy and systemic anaphylaxis. RESULTS The novel small molecules demonstrated higher binding affinity with MRGPRX2 in the docking study. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration is in the low micromolar range (5-21 μM). The small molecules inhibited not only the early phase of mast cell activation but also the late phase, associated with chemokine and prostaglandin release. Further, Western blot analysis revealed inhibition of downstream phospholipase C-γ, extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2, and Akt signaling pathway. Moreover, in the mouse models of allergies, small molecule administration effectively blocks acute, systemic allergic reactions and inflammation and prevents systemic anaphylaxis. CONCLUSION The small molecules might hold a significant therapeutic promise to treat MRGPRX2-mediated allergies and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Kumar
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Karthi Duraisamy
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | | | - Chi Bun Chan
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Billy K C Chow
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR.
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Okano M, Hirahara K, Kiuchi M, Onoue M, Iwamura C, Kokubo K, Hishiya T, Morimoto Y, Ikehara Y, Murakami A, Ebihara N, Nakayama T. Interleukin-33-activated neuropeptide CGRP-producing memory Th2 cells cooperate with somatosensory neurons to induce conjunctival itch. Immunity 2022; 55:2352-2368.e7. [PMID: 36272417 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Allergic conjunctivitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that is characterized by severe itch in the conjunctiva, but how neuro-immune interactions shape the pathogenesis of severe itch remains unclear. We identified a subset of memory-type pathogenic Th2 cells that preferentially expressed Il1rl1-encoding ST2 and Calca-encoding calcitonin-gene-related peptide (CGRP) in the inflammatory conjunctiva using a single-cell analysis. The IL-33-ST2 axis in memory Th2 cells controlled the axonal elongation of the peripheral sensory C-fiber and the induction of severe itch. Pharmacological blockade and genetic deletion of CGRP signaling in vivo attenuated scratching behavior. The analysis of giant papillae from patients with severe allergic conjunctivitis revealed ectopic lymphoid structure formation with the accumulation of IL-33-producing epithelial cells and CGRP-producing pathogenic CD4+ T cells accompanied by peripheral nerve elongation. Thus, the IL-33-ST2-CGRP axis directs severe itch with neuro-reconstruction in the inflammatory conjunctiva and is a potential therapeutic target for severe itch in allergic conjunctivitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikiko Okano
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Chiba 279-0021, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Hirahara
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; AMED-PRIME, AMED, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
| | - Masahiro Kiuchi
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Miki Onoue
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8431, Japan
| | - Chiaki Iwamura
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Kota Kokubo
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Takahisa Hishiya
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Yuki Morimoto
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Yuzuru Ikehara
- Department of Molecular and Tumor Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Akira Murakami
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8431, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Ebihara
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Chiba 279-0021, Japan
| | - Toshinori Nakayama
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; AMED-CREST, AMED, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
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60
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Chong AC, Visitsunthorn K, Ong PY. Genetic/Environmental Contributions and Immune Dysregulation in Children with Atopic Dermatitis. J Asthma Allergy 2022; 15:1681-1700. [PMID: 36447957 PMCID: PMC9701514 DOI: 10.2147/jaa.s293900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the most common skin conditions in humans. AD affects up to 20% of children worldwide and results in morbidity for both patients and their caregivers. The basis of AD is an interplay between genetics and the environment characterized by immune dysregulation. A myriad of mutations that compromise the skin barrier and/or immune function have been linked to AD. Of these, filaggrin gene (FLG) mutations are the most evidenced. Many other mutations have been implicated in isolated studies that are often unreplicated, creating an archive of genes with potential but unconfirmed relevance to AD. Harnessing big data, polygenic risk scores (PRSs) and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) may provide a more practical strategy for identifying the genetic signatures of AD. Epigenetics may also play a role. Staphylococcus aureus is the most evidenced microbial contributor to AD. Cutaneous dysbiosis may result in over-colonization by pathogenic strains and aberrant skin immunity and inflammation. Aeroallergens, air pollution, and climate are other key environmental contributors to AD. The right climate and/or commensals may improve AD for some patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert C Chong
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Peck Y Ong
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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61
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Herrera-Heredia SA, Hsu HP, Kao CY, Tsai YH, Yamaguchi Y, Roers A, Hsu CL, Dzhagalov IL. Heparin is required for the formation of granules in connective tissue mast cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1000405. [DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1000405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells are innate immune cells strategically positioned around blood vessels near body surfaces. Their primary weapons are bioactive amines, mast cell-specific proteases, and cytokines stored in preformed granules. Mast cells granules constituents are packaged efficiently with the help of the highly negatively charged Heparan sulfate-derivative, Heparin. Heparin is one of the most widely used drugs to treat coagulation disorders, yet, it is not found in the circulation at a steady state, casting doubt that the prevention of blood clotting is its physiological function. Early studies using Ndst2-/- mice have shown that Heparin is essential for mast cells granules formation. However, these mice could still produce less sulfated Heparan sulfate that could potentially replace Heparin. Here, we have created and validated a novel genetic model for Heparin deficiency, specifically in connective tissue mast cells, to address the physiological role of this molecule. Using this model, we have demonstrated that Heparin is required for mast cell granules formation; without it, mast cells are reduced in the peritoneal cavity and the skin. The absence of Heparin impaired the response to passive cutaneous anaphylaxis but, surprisingly, enhanced ear swelling in an irritant dermatitis model and reduced the lesion size and bacterial burden in a Staphylococcus aureus necrotizing dermatitis model. The altered function of Heparin-deficient mast cells in the latter two models was not mediated through enhanced Histamine or TNFα release. However, the Mrgprb2 receptor was up-regulated in knock-out mast cells, potentially explaining the enhanced response of mutant mice to irritant and necrotizing dermatitis. Altogether our results expand our current understanding of the physiological role of Heparin and provide unique tools to further dissect its importance.
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Zhang W, Lyu M, Bessman NJ, Xie Z, Arifuzzaman M, Yano H, Parkhurst CN, Chu C, Zhou L, Putzel GG, Li TT, Jin WB, Zhou J, Hu H, Tsou AM, Guo CJ, Artis D. Gut-innervating nociceptors regulate the intestinal microbiota to promote tissue protection. Cell 2022; 185:4170-4189.e20. [PMID: 36240781 PMCID: PMC9617796 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Nociceptive pain is a hallmark of many chronic inflammatory conditions including inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs); however, whether pain-sensing neurons influence intestinal inflammation remains poorly defined. Employing chemogenetic silencing, adenoviral-mediated colon-specific silencing, and pharmacological ablation of TRPV1+ nociceptors, we observed more severe inflammation and defective tissue-protective reparative processes in a murine model of intestinal damage and inflammation. Disrupted nociception led to significant alterations in the intestinal microbiota and a transmissible dysbiosis, while mono-colonization of germ-free mice with Gram+Clostridium spp. promoted intestinal tissue protection through a nociceptor-dependent pathway. Mechanistically, disruption of nociception resulted in decreased levels of substance P, and therapeutic delivery of substance P promoted tissue-protective effects exerted by TRPV1+ nociceptors in a microbiota-dependent manner. Finally, dysregulated nociceptor gene expression was observed in intestinal biopsies from IBD patients. Collectively, these findings indicate an evolutionarily conserved functional link between nociception, the intestinal microbiota, and the restoration of intestinal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhang
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Mengze Lyu
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Nicholas J Bessman
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Zili Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Center for the Study of Itch, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mohammad Arifuzzaman
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Hiroshi Yano
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Christopher N Parkhurst
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Coco Chu
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Lei Zhou
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Gregory G Putzel
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Ting-Ting Li
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Wen-Bing Jin
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Jordan Zhou
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Hongzhen Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Center for the Study of Itch, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Amy M Tsou
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA; Friedman Center for Nutrition and Inflammation, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA; Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chun-Jun Guo
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA; Friedman Center for Nutrition and Inflammation, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - David Artis
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA; Friedman Center for Nutrition and Inflammation, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA.
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Oleszycka E, Kwiecien K, Kwiecinska P, Morytko A, Pocalun N, Camacho M, Brzoza P, Zabel BA, Cichy J. Soluble mediators in the function of the epidermal-immune-neuro unit in the skin. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1003970. [PMID: 36330530 PMCID: PMC9623011 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1003970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin is the largest, environmentally exposed (barrier) organ, capable of integrating various signals into effective defensive responses. The functional significance of interactions among the epidermis and the immune and nervous systems in regulating and maintaining skin barrier function is only now becoming recognized in relation to skin pathophysiology. This review focuses on newly described pathways that involve soluble mediator-mediated crosstalk between these compartments. Dysregulation of these connections can lead to chronic inflammatory diseases and/or pathologic conditions associated with chronic pain or itch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Oleszycka
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Kamila Kwiecien
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Patrycja Kwiecinska
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Morytko
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Natalia Pocalun
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Michelle Camacho
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Piotr Brzoza
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Brian A. Zabel
- Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Joanna Cichy
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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Bawazir M, Amponnawarat A, Hui Y, Oskeritzian CA, Ali H. Inhibition of MRGPRX2 but not FcεRI or MrgprB2-mediated mast cell degranulation by a small molecule inverse receptor agonist. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1033794. [PMID: 36275683 PMCID: PMC9582160 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1033794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor-X2 (MRGPRX2) expressed on mast cells (MCs) contributes to hypersensitivity reactions to cationic US-Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved drugs such as the neuromuscular blocking agent, rocuronium. In addition, activation of MRGPRX2 by the neuropeptide substance P (SP) and the pro-adrenomedullin peptide (PAMP-12) is associated with a variety of cutaneous conditions such as neurogenic inflammation, pain, atopic dermatitis, urticaria, and itch. Thus, small molecules aimed at blocking MRGPRX2 constitute potential options for modulating IgE-independent MC-mediated disorders. Two inverse MRGPRX2 agonists, named C9 and C9-6, have recently been identified, which inhibit basal G protein activation and agonist-induced calcium mobilization in transfected HEK293 cells. Substance P serves as a balanced agonist for MRGPRX2 whereby it activates both G protein-mediated degranulation and β-arrestin-mediated receptor internalization. The purpose of this study was to determine if C9 blocks MRGPRX2's G protein and β-arrestin-mediated signaling and to determine its specificity. We found that C9, but not its inactive analog C7, inhibited degranulation in RBL-2H3 cells stably expressing MRGPRX2 in response to SP, PAMP-12 and rocuronium with an IC50 value of ~300 nM. C9 also inhibited degranulation as measured by cell surface expression of CD63, CD107a and β-hexosaminidase release in LAD2 cells and human skin-derived MCs in response to SP but not the anaphylatoxin, C3a or FcϵRI-aggregation. Furthermore, C9 inhibited β-arrestin recruitment and MRGPRX2 internalization in response to SP and PAMP-12. We found that a G protein-coupling defective missense MRGPRX2 variant (V282M) displays constitutive activity for β-arrestin recruitment, and that this response was significantly inhibited by C9. Rocuronium, SP and PAMP-12 caused degranulation in mouse peritoneal MCs and these responses were abolished in the absence of MrgprB2 or cells treated with pertussis toxin but C9 had no effect. These findings suggest that C9 could provide an important framework for developing novel therapeutic approaches for the treatment of IgE-independent MC-mediated drug hypersensitivity and cutaneous disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maram Bawazir
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aetas Amponnawarat
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Family and Community Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Yvonne Hui
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Carole A. Oskeritzian
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Hydar Ali
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Kalangara JP, Vanijcharoenkarn K, Chisolm S, Kuruvilla ME. Neuropathic pain and itch: mechanisms in allergic conjunctivitis. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 22:298-303. [PMID: 35916592 DOI: 10.1097/aci.0000000000000843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Allergic conjunctivitis is highly prevalent and affects up to one third of the general population. The current understanding of the pathophysiology and therapeutic strategies center around the type 2 inflammatory pathway. However, there is an increasing body of evidence that suggests neurogenic mechanisms also play a role in allergic inflammation, with a substantial proportion of allergic conjunctivitis patients experiencing both ocular itch and pain. RECENT FINDINGS Unmyelinated C fibres on the ocular surface transmit histaminergic itch and can be directly activated by mast cell mediators. The conjunctival mucosa also contains TRPV1+ (histamine-dependent) and TRPA1+ (histamine-independent) neurons that enhance ocular pain and itch in allergic conjunctivitis. Allergen-complexed IgE also binds directly to FcεRI expressed on peripheral neurons. Environmental aeroallergens can also directly stimulate neuronal nociceptors to release inflammatory substances. Allergic inflammation thus stimulates nerve terminals to release vasoactive and inflammatory neuropeptides, leading to a cyclical neuronal dysregulation that augments mast cell activity. These repetitive cycles lead to both peripheral and central sensitization and neuronal plasticity, resulting in decreased itch/pain thresholds and a heightened itch/pain response. SUMMARY Neurogenic mechanisms including peripheral and central sensitization may drive chronic ocular itch and pain secondary to allergic inflammation. Research into these pathways may help to identify therapeutic targets in allergic conjunctivitis patients with refractory symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sarah Chisolm
- Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
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Peng J, Federman HG, Hernandez C, Siracusa MC. Communication is key: Innate immune cells regulate host protection to helminths. Front Immunol 2022; 13:995432. [PMID: 36225918 PMCID: PMC9548658 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.995432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Parasitic helminth infections remain a significant global health issue and are responsible for devastating morbidity and economic hardships. During infection, helminths migrate through different host organs, which results in substantial tissue damage and the release of diverse effector molecules by both hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells. Thus, host protective responses to helminths must initiate mechanisms that help to promote worm clearance while simultaneously mitigating tissue injury. The specialized immunity that promotes these responses is termed type 2 inflammation and is initiated by the recruitment and activation of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells, mast cells, basophils, eosinophils, dendritic cells, neutrophils, macrophages, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and group 2 innate lymphoid cells. Recent work has also revealed the importance of neuron-derived signals in regulating type 2 inflammation and antihelminth immunity. These studies suggest that multiple body systems coordinate to promote optimal outcomes post-infection. In this review, we will describe the innate immune events that direct the scope and intensity of antihelminth immunity. Further, we will highlight the recent progress made in our understanding of the neuro-immune interactions that regulate these pathways and discuss the conceptual advances they promote.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianya Peng
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
- Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Hannah G. Federman
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
- Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Christina M. Hernandez
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
- Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Mark C. Siracusa
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
- Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
- *Correspondence: Mark C. Siracusa,
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Konstantinou GN, Konstantinou GN, Koulias C, Petalas K, Makris M. Further Understanding of Neuro-Immune Interactions in Allergy: Implications in Pathophysiology and Role in Disease Progression. J Asthma Allergy 2022; 15:1273-1291. [PMID: 36117919 PMCID: PMC9473548 DOI: 10.2147/jaa.s282039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The complicated interaction between the central and the autonomic (sympathetic, parasympathetic, and enteric) nervous systems on the one hand and the immune system and its components, on the other hand, seems to substantially contribute to allergy pathophysiology, uncovering an under-recognized association that could have diagnostic and therapeutic potentials. Neurons connect directly with and regulate the function of many immune cells, including mast cells, the cells that have a leading role in allergic disorders. Proinflammatory mediators such as cytokines, neurotrophins, chemokines, and neuropeptides are released by immune cells, which stimulate sensory neurons. The release of neurotransmitters and neuropeptides caused by the activation of these neurons directly impacts the functional activity of immune cells and vice versa, playing a decisive role in this communication. Successful application of Pavlovian conditioning in allergic disorders supports the existence of a psychoneuroimmunological interplay in classical allergic hypersensitivity reactions. Activation of neuronal homeostatic reflexes, like sneezing in allergic rhinitis, coughing in allergic asthma, and vomiting in food allergy, offers additional evidence of a neuroimmunological interaction that aims to maintain homeostasis. Dysregulation of this interaction may cause overstimulation of the immune system that will produce profound symptoms and exaggerated hemodynamic responses that will lead to severe allergic pathophysiological events, including anaphylaxis. In this article, we have systematically reviewed and discussed the evidence regarding the role of the neuro-immune interactions in common allergic clinical modalities like allergic rhinitis, chronic rhinosinusitis, allergic asthma, food allergy, atopic dermatitis, and urticaria. It is essential to understand unknown – to most of the immunology and allergy experts – neurological networks that not only physiologically cooperate with the immune system to regulate homeostasis but also pathogenetically interact with more or less known immunological pathways, contribute to what is known as neuroimmunological inflammation, and shift homeostasis to instability and disease clinical expression. This understanding will provide recognition of new allergic phenotypes/endotypes and directions to focus on specialized treatments, as the era of personalized patient-centered medicine, is hastening apace.
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Affiliation(s)
- George N Konstantinou
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 424 General Military Training Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Gerasimos N Konstantinou
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Centre of Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Christopher Koulias
- Allergy Unit, 2nd Department of Dermatology and Venereology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Attikon" University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Michael Makris
- Allergy Unit, 2nd Department of Dermatology and Venereology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Attikon" University Hospital, Athens, Greece
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Lian Z, Qi H, Liu X, Zhang Y, Xu R, Yang X, Zeng Y, Li J. Ambient ozone, and urban PM 2.5 co-exposure, aggravate allergic asthma via transient receptor potential vanilloid 1-mediated neurogenic inflammation. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 243:114000. [PMID: 35994908 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Allergic asthma is the most common pulmonary inflammatory disease, and epidemiological studies have revealed that PM2.5 or ambient ozone (O3) exposure contribute to the higher prevalence of allergic asthma. Current experimental evidence focus principally on the pathogenic effect of exposure to a single air pollutant, ignoring the possible synergistic effect of combined exposure to a mix of these pollutants, which is a more realistic scenario. In this study, allergic mice and a nociceptor antagonist were used to explore the mechanisms of co-exposure to these two important air pollutants. Compared with exposure to either PM2.5 or O3, combined exposure to both greatly aggravated allergic asthma in a dose dependent manner, including increased airway hyperresponsiveness, goblet cell metaplasia, more severe airway inflammation and higher oxidative stress levels. In addition, co-exposure in the allergic mice resulted in elevation of the expression of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), and of the production of substance P (SP), which exacerbated lung inflammation by neurogenic inflammation. TRPV1 antagonist (capsazepine, CPZ) treatment for the co-exposed allergic mice, markedly attenuated TRPV1 expression and SP release, and reduced airway inflammation and oxidative damage, further alleviating airway hyperresponsiveness. We conclude that neuro-immune interactions might be involved in PM2.5 and O3 co-exposure aggravated allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongpei Lian
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
| | - Haomin Qi
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Xudong Liu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Moutai Institute, Renhuai 564507, China
| | - Yuchao Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Moutai Institute, Renhuai 564507, China
| | - Ruijia Xu
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Xu Yang
- Section of Environmental Biomedicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Yan Zeng
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China.
| | - Jinquan Li
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China.
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Chiocchetti R, Salamanca G, De Silva M, Gobbo F, Aspidi F, Cunha RZ, Galiazzo G, Tagliavia C, Sarli G, Morini M. Cannabinoid receptors in the inflammatory cells of canine atopic dermatitis. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:987132. [PMID: 36187821 PMCID: PMC9521433 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.987132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundAtopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the most common cutaneous inflammatory and pruritic diseases in dogs. Considering its multifactorial nature, AD can be a challenging disease to manage, and the therapeutic strategy must often be multimodal. In recent years, research has been moving toward the use of natural products which have beneficial effects on inflammation and itching, and no side effects. Cannabinoid receptors have been demonstrated to be expressed in healthy and diseased skin; therefore, one of the potential alternative therapeutic targets for investigating AD is the endocannabinoid system (ECS).ObjectiveTo immunohistochemically investigate the expression of the cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB2R), and the cannabinoid-related receptors G protein-coupled receptor 55 (GPR55), transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) and ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) in mast cells (MCs), macrophages, dendritic cells (DCs), T cells, and neutrophils of the skin of dogs with AD.AnimalsSamples of skin tissues were collected from eight dogs with AD (AD-dogs).Materials and methodsThe immunofluorescent stained cryosections of the skins of 8 dogs with AD having antibodies against CB2R, GPR55, TRPV1, TRPA1 were semiquantitatively evaluated. The inflammatory cells were identified using antibodies against tryptase (mast cells), ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (IBA1) (macrophages/DCs), CD3 (T cells), and calprotectin (neutrophils). The proportions of MCs, macrophages/DCs, T cells, and neutrophils expressing CB2R, GPR55, TRPV1 and TRPA1 were evaluated.ResultsThe cells of the inflammatory infiltrate showed immunoreactivity (IR) for all or for some of the cannabinoid and cannabinoid-related receptors studied. In particular, MCs and macrophages/DCs showed CB2R-, GPR55-, TRPA1-, and TRPV1-IR; T cells showed CB2R-, GPR55- and TRPA1-IR, and neutrophils expressed GPR55-IR. Co-localization studies indicated that CB2R-IR was co-expressed with TRPV1-, TRPA1-, and GPR55-IR in different cellular elements of the dermis of the AD-dogs.Conclusions and clinical importanceCannabinoid receptor 2, and cannabinoid-related receptors GPR55, TRPV1 and TRPA1 were widely expressed in the inflammatory infiltrate of the AD-dogs. Based on the present findings, the ECS could be considered to be a potential therapeutic target for dogs with AD, and may mitigate itch and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Chiocchetti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (UNI EN ISO 9001:2008), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- *Correspondence: Roberto Chiocchetti
| | - Giulia Salamanca
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (UNI EN ISO 9001:2008), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Margherita De Silva
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (UNI EN ISO 9001:2008), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Gobbo
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (UNI EN ISO 9001:2008), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Aspidi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (UNI EN ISO 9001:2008), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Rodrigo Zamith Cunha
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (UNI EN ISO 9001:2008), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giorgia Galiazzo
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (UNI EN ISO 9001:2008), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Tagliavia
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (UNI EN ISO 9001:2008), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Teramo, Località Piano D'Accio, Teramo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Sarli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (UNI EN ISO 9001:2008), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Morini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (UNI EN ISO 9001:2008), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Critical Players and Therapeutic Targets in Chronic Itch. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179935. [PMID: 36077340 PMCID: PMC9456029 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic itch is one of the most prominent clinical characteristics of diverse systematic diseases. It is a devastating sensation in pathological diseases. Despite its importance, there are no FDA-labelled drugs specifically geared toward chronic itch. The associated complex pathogenesis and diverse causes escalate chronic itch to being one of the top challenges in healthcare. Humanized antibodies against IL-13, IL-4, and IL-31 proved effective in treatment of itch-associated atopic dermatitis but remain to be validated in chronic itch. There are still no satisfactory anti-itch therapeutics available toward itch-related neuropeptides including GRP, BNP, SST, CGRP, and SP. The newly identified potential itch targets including OSM, NMB, glutamate, periostin, and Serpin E1 have opened new avenues for therapeutic development. Proof-of-principle studies have been successfully performed on antagonists against these proteins and their receptors in itch treatment in animal models. Their translational interventions in humans need to be evaluated. It is of great importance to summarize and compare the newly emerging knowledge on chronic itch and its pathways to promote the development of novel anti-itch therapeutics. The goal of this review is to analyze the different physiologies and pathophysiologies of itch mediators, whilst assessing their suitability as new targets and discussing future therapeutic development.
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71
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Liu SQ, Li B, Li JJ, Sun S, Sun SR, Wu Q. Neuroendocrine regulations in tissue-specific immunity: From mechanism to applications in tumor. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:896147. [PMID: 36072337 PMCID: PMC9442449 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.896147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune responses in nonlymphoid tissues play a vital role in the maintenance of homeostasis. Lots of evidence supports that tissue-specific immune cells provide defense against tumor through the localization in different tissue throughout the body, and can be regulated by diverse factors. Accordingly, the distribution of nervous tissue is also tissue-specific which is essential in the growth of corresponding organs, and the occurrence and development of tumor. Although there have been many mature perspectives on the neuroendocrine regulation in tumor microenvironment, the neuroendocrine regulation of tissue-specific immune cells has not yet been summarized. In this review, we focus on how tissue immune responses are influenced by autonomic nervous system, sensory nerves, and various neuroendocrine factors and reversely how tissue-specific immune cells communicate with neuroendocrine system through releasing different factors. Furthermore, we pay attention to the potential mechanisms of neuroendocrine-tissue specific immunity axis involved in tumors. This may provide new insights for the immunotherapy of tumors in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Qing Liu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Bei Li
- Department of Pathology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Juan-Juan Li
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Si Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Sheng-Rong Sun
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- *Correspondence: Sheng-Rong Sun, ; Qi Wu,
| | - Qi Wu
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital of Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Sheng-Rong Sun, ; Qi Wu,
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72
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Neuroimmunology and Allergic Disease. ALLERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/allergies2030008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of allergic diseases is rising globally, inducing heavy quality of life and economic burdens. Allergic reactions are mediated by the complex bi-directional cross-talk between immune and nervous systems that we are only beginning to understand. Here, we discuss our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms of how this cross-talk occurs in the skin, gut, and lungs. An improved understanding of the communication between the immune and nervous system may lead to the development of novel therapies for allergic diseases.
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73
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Rahimi RA, Sokol CL. Functional Recognition Theory and Type 2 Immunity: Insights and Uncertainties. Immunohorizons 2022; 6:569-580. [PMID: 35926975 PMCID: PMC9897289 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2200002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 immunity plays an important role in host defense against helminths and toxins while driving allergic diseases. Despite progress in understanding the biology of type 2 immunity, the fundamental mechanisms regulating the type 2 immune module remain unclear. In contrast with structural recognition used by pattern recognition receptors, type 2 immunogens are sensed through their functional properties. Functional recognition theory has arisen as the paradigm for the initiation of type 2 immunity. However, the vast array of structurally unrelated type 2 immunogens makes it challenging to advance our understanding of type 2 immunity. In this article, we review functional recognition theory and organize type 2 immunogens into distinct classes based on how they fit into the concept of functional recognition. Lastly, we discuss areas of uncertainty in functional recognition theory with the goal of providing a framework to further define the logic of type 2 immunity in host protection and immunopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rod A Rahimi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA;
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and
| | - Caroline L Sokol
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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74
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Mast cell–neuron axis in allergy. Curr Opin Immunol 2022; 77:102213. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2022.102213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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75
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Roger A, Reynders A, Hoeffel G, Ugolini S. Neuroimmune crosstalk in the skin: a delicate balance governing inflammatory processes. Curr Opin Immunol 2022; 77:102212. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2022.102212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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76
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Rahimi RA, Cho JL, Jakubzick CV, Khader SA, Lambrecht BN, Lloyd CM, Molofsky AB, Talbot S, Bonham CA, Drake WP, Sperling AI, Singer BD. Advancing Lung Immunology Research: An Official American Thoracic Society Workshop Report. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2022; 67:e1-18. [PMID: 35776495 PMCID: PMC9273224 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2022-0167st] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian airways and lungs are exposed to a myriad of inhaled particulate matter, allergens, and pathogens. The immune system plays an essential role in protecting the host from respiratory pathogens, but a dysregulated immune response during respiratory infection can impair pathogen clearance and lead to immunopathology. Furthermore, inappropriate immunity to inhaled antigens can lead to pulmonary diseases. A complex network of epithelial, neural, stromal, and immune cells has evolved to sense and respond to inhaled antigens, including the decision to promote tolerance versus a rapid, robust, and targeted immune response. Although there has been great progress in understanding the mechanisms governing immunity to respiratory pathogens and aeroantigens, we are only beginning to develop an integrated understanding of the cellular networks governing tissue immunity within the lungs and how it changes after inflammation and over the human life course. An integrated model of airway and lung immunity will be necessary to improve mucosal vaccine design as well as prevent and treat acute and chronic inflammatory pulmonary diseases. Given the importance of immunology in pulmonary research, the American Thoracic Society convened a working group to highlight central areas of investigation to advance the science of lung immunology and improve human health.
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77
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Taketomi Y, Murakami M. Regulatory Roles of Phospholipase A2 Enzymes and Bioactive Lipids in Mast Cell Biology. Front Immunol 2022; 13:923265. [PMID: 35833146 PMCID: PMC9271868 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.923265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids play fundamental roles in life as an essential component of cell membranes, as a major source of energy, as a body surface barrier, and as signaling molecules that transmit intracellular and intercellular signals. Lipid mediators, a group of bioactive lipids that mediates intercellular signals, are produced via specific biosynthetic enzymes and transmit signals via specific receptors. Mast cells, a tissue-resident immune cell population, produce several lipid mediators that contribute to exacerbation or amelioration of allergic responses and also non-allergic inflammation, host defense, cancer and fibrosis by controlling the functions of microenvironmental cells as well as mast cell themselves in paracrine and autocrine fashions. Additionally, several bioactive lipids produced by stromal cells regulate the differentiation, maturation and activation of neighboring mast cells. Many of the bioactive lipids are stored in membrane phospholipids as precursor forms and released spatiotemporally by phospholipase A2 (PLA2) enzymes. Through a series of studies employing gene targeting and lipidomics, several enzymes belonging to the PLA2 superfamily have been demonstrated to participate in mast cell-related diseases by mobilizing unique bioactive lipids in multiple ways. In this review, we provide an overview of our current understanding of the regulatory roles of several PLA2-driven lipid pathways in mast cell biology.
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78
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Poto R, Quinti I, Marone G, Taglialatela M, de Paulis A, Casolaro V, Varricchi G. IgG Autoantibodies Against IgE from Atopic Dermatitis Can Induce the Release of Cytokines and Proinflammatory Mediators from Basophils and Mast Cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:880412. [PMID: 35711458 PMCID: PMC9192953 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.880412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
IgE-mediated release of proinflammatory mediators and cytokines from basophils and mast cells is a central event in allergic disorders. Several groups of investigators have demonstrated the presence of autoantibodies against IgE and/or FcεRI in patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria. By contrast, the prevalence and functional activity of anti-IgE autoantibodies in atopic dermatitis (AD) are largely unknown. We evaluated the ability of IgG anti-IgE from patients with AD to induce the in vitro IgE-dependent activation of human basophils and skin and lung mast cells. Different preparations of IgG anti-IgE purified from patients with AD and rabbit IgG anti-IgE were compared for their triggering effects on the in vitro release of histamine and type 2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-13) from basophils and of histamine and lipid mediators (prostaglandin D2 and cysteinyl leukotriene C4) from human skin and lung mast cells. One preparation of human IgG anti-IgE out of six patients with AD induced histamine release from basophils, skin and lung mast cells. This preparation of human IgG anti-IgE induced the secretion of cytokines and eicosanoids from basophils and mast cells, respectively. Human monoclonal IgE was a competitive antagonist of both human and rabbit IgG anti-IgE. Human anti-IgE was more potent than rabbit anti-IgE for IL-4 and IL-13 production by basophils and histamine, prostaglandin D2 and leukotriene C4 release from mast cells. Functional anti-IgE autoantibodies rarely occur in patients with AD. When present, they induce the release of proinflammatory mediators and cytokines from basophils and mast cells, thereby possibly contributing to sustained IgE-dependent inflammation in at least a subset of patients with this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remo Poto
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,World Allergy Organization (WAO) Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy
| | - Isabella Quinti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianni Marone
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,World Allergy Organization (WAO) Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy.,Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | | | - Amato de Paulis
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,World Allergy Organization (WAO) Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Casolaro
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry 'Scuola Medica Salernitana', University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Gilda Varricchi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,World Allergy Organization (WAO) Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy.,Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
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79
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Feng S, Liu W, Deng S, Song G, Zhou J, Zheng Z, Song Z. An Atopic Dermatitis-Like Mouse Model by Alternate Epicutaneous Application of Dinitrofluorobenzene and an Extract of Dermatophagoides Farinae. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:843230. [PMID: 35783608 PMCID: PMC9240730 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.843230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have tried to establish mice models of atopic dermatitis (AD) through the allergen of Dermatophagoides farinae (Df). However, there are no typical skin lesions after epicutaneous application of an extract of Df (DfE) on BALB/c mice. Dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) is a common hapten that brings about contact dermatitis. Skin dysfunction induced by DNFB may be a way to enhance the effects of DfE on mice skin. Thus, we hypothesized that alternate epicutaneous application of DNFB and DfE could induce AD-like skin lesions on BALB/c mice. To test this hypothesis, we alternately applied the DNFB and DfE to the back skin of BALB/c mice for 8 weeks. Changes in mice skin lesions and the frequency of scratching behavior were recorded. The variation of Th1-related cytokines (interferon-γ [IFN-γ] and interleukin two [IL-2]) and Th2-related cytokines (IL-4 and IL-13) was detected in serum and lesional skin. Eventually, the BALB/c mice developed severe erythema, erosion, scarring, and excoriation on the entire back, showing a high frequency of scratching behavior. In addition, Th2 cells' dominant cytokines appeared in both serum and lesional skin. Those results indicate that alternating epicutaneous exposure to DNFB and DfE can produce AD-like models with typical clinical features and Th2-type immune responses in BALB/c mice. This model could be valuable for studying the pathogenesis of AD and developing novel therapeutic agents for it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujing Feng
- Department of Dermatology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wengying Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Sisi Deng
- Department of Dermatology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | | | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhengni Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiqiang Song
- Department of Dermatology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhiqiang Song
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80
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Tominaga M, Takamori K. Peripheral itch sensitization in atopic dermatitis. Allergol Int 2022; 71:265-277. [PMID: 35624035 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2022.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis is a skin disorder caused by skin dryness and barrier dysfunction, resulting in skin inflammation and chronic itch (or pruritus). The pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis is thought to be initiated by a lowering of the itch threshold due to dry skin. This lowering of the itch threshold is at least partially due to the increase in intraepidermal nerve fibers and sensitization of sensory nerves by interleukin (IL)-33 produced and secreted by keratinocytes. Such skin is easily prone to itch due to mechanical stimuli, such as rubbing of clothing and chemical stimuli from itch mediators. In patients with atopic dermatitis, once itch occurs, further itch is induced by scratching, and the associated scratching breaks down the skin barrier. Disruption of the skin barrier allows entry into the epidermis of external foreign substances, such as allergens derived from house dust mites, leading to an increased induction of type 2 inflammatory responses. As a result, type 2 cytokines IL-4, IL-13, and IL-31 are mainly secreted by Th2 cells, and their action on sensory nerve fibers causes further itch sensitization. These sequences of events are thought to occur simultaneously in patients with atopic dermatitis, leading to a vicious itch-scratch cycle. This vicious cycle becomes a negative spiral that leads to disease burden. Therefore, controlling itch is essential for the treatment of atopic dermatitis. In this review, we summarize and discuss advances in the mechanisms of peripheral itch sensitization in atopic dermatitis, focusing on skin barrier-neuro-immune triadic connectivity.
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81
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House Dust Mite Exposure through Human Milk and Dust: What Matters for Child Allergy Risk? Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14102095. [PMID: 35631236 PMCID: PMC9143372 DOI: 10.3390/nu14102095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergies are major noncommunicable diseases associated with significant morbidity, reduced quality of life, and high healthcare costs. Despite decades of research, it is still unknown if early-life exposure to indoor allergens plays a role in the development of IgE-mediated allergy and asthma. The objective of this study is to contribute to the identification of early-life risk factors for developing allergy. We addressed whether two different sources of house dust mite Der p 1 allergen exposure during early life, i.e., human milk and dust, have different relationships with IgE levels and asthma outcomes in children. We performed longitudinal analyses in 249 mother−child pairs using data from the PIAMA birth cohort. Asthma symptoms and serum total and specific IgE levels in children were available for the first 16 years of life. Der p 1 levels were measured in human milk and dust samples from infant mattresses. We observed that infant exposure to Der p 1 through human milk was associated with an increased risk of having high levels of serum IgE (top tertile > 150 kU/mL) in childhood as compared to infants exposed to human milk with undetectable Der p 1 [adjusted OR (95% CI) 1.83 (1.05−3.20) p = 0.0294]. The Der p 1 content in infant mattress dust was not associated with increased IgE levels in childhood. The risk of asthma and Der p 1 sensitization was neither associated with Der p 1 in human milk nor with Der p 1 in dust. In conclusion, high levels of IgE in childhood were associated with Der p 1 exposure through human milk but not exposure from mattress dust. This observation suggests that human milk is a source of Der p 1 exposure that is relevant to allergy development and fosters the need for research on the determinants of Der p 1 levels in human milk.
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82
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Honda T, Keith YH. Novel Insights Into the Immune-Regulatory Functions of Mast Cells in the Cutaneous Immune Response. Front Immunol 2022; 13:898419. [PMID: 35634300 PMCID: PMC9134104 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.898419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin is a frontline organ that is continuously exposed to external stimuli, including pathogens. Various immune cells reside in the skin under physiological conditions and protect the body from the entry of pathogens/antigens by interacting with each other and orchestrating diverse cutaneous immune responses. To avoid unnecessary inflammation and tissue damage during the elimination of external pathogens and antigens, skin possesses regulatory systems that fine-tune these immune reactions. Mast cells (MCs) are one of the skin-resident immune cell populations that play both effector and regulatory functions in the cutaneous immune response. So far, the interleukin-10-mediated mechanisms have mostly been investigated as the regulatory mechanisms of MCs. Recent studies have elucidated other regulatory mechanisms of MCs, such as the maintenance of regulatory T/B cells and the programmed cell death protein-1/programmed cell death-ligand 1-mediated inhibitory pathway. These regulatory pathways of MCs have been suggested to play important roles in limiting the excessive inflammation in inflammatory skin diseases, such as contact and atopic dermatitis. The regulatory functions of MCs may also be involved in the escape mechanisms of antitumor responses in skin cancers, such as melanoma. Understanding and controlling the regulatory functions of skin MCs may lead to novel therapeutic strategies for inflammatory skin diseases and skin cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Honda
- Department of Dermatology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
- *Correspondence: Tetsuya Honda,
| | - Yuki Honda Keith
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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83
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Zhu Y, Duan S, Wang M, Deng Z, Li J. Neuroimmune Interaction: A Widespread Mutual Regulation and the Weapons for Barrier Organs. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:906755. [PMID: 35646918 PMCID: PMC9130600 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.906755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the embryo, the nervous system and immune system have been interacting to regulate each other’s development and working together to resist harmful stimuli. However, oversensitive neural response and uncontrolled immune attack are major causes of various diseases, especially in barrier organs, while neural-immune interaction makes it worse. As the first defense line, the barrier organs give a guarantee to maintain homeostasis in external environment. And the dense nerve innervation and abundant immune cell population in barrier organs facilitate the neuroimmune interaction, which is the physiological basis of multiple neuroimmune-related diseases. Neuroimmune-related diseases often have complex mechanisms and require a combination of drugs, posing challenges in finding etiology and treatment. Therefore, it is of great significance to illustrate the specific mechanism and exact way of neuro-immune interaction. In this review, we first described the mutual regulation of the two principal systems and then focused on neuro-immune interaction in the barrier organs, including intestinal tract, lungs and skin, to clarify the mechanisms and provide ideas for clinical etiology exploration and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Aging Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shixin Duan
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Aging Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mei Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Aging Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhili Deng
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Aging Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Zhili Deng, ; Ji Li,
| | - Ji Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Aging Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Zhili Deng, ; Ji Li,
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84
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Mishra RK, Selim A, Gowri V, Ahmad A, Nadeem A, Siddiqui N, Raza SS, Jayamurugan G, Khan R. Thiol-Functionalized Cellulose-Grafted Copper Oxide Nanoparticles for the Therapy of Experimental Colitis in Swiss Albino Mice. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:2088-2095. [PMID: 35452219 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disease, which deleteriously affects the lower end of the gastrointestinal tract, i.e., the colon and the rectum. UC affects colonic inflammatory homeostasis and disrupts intestinal barrier functions. Intestinal tissue damage activates the immune system and collectively worsens the disease condition via the production of various cytokines. Ongoing therapeutics of UC have marked limitations like rapid clearance, extensive first-pass metabolism, poor drug absorption, very low solubility, bioavailability, etc. Because of these restrictions, the management of UC demands a rational approach that selectively delivers the drug at the site of action to overcome the therapeutic limiting factors. Metallic nanoparticles (NPs) have good therapeutic efficacy against colitis, but their uses are limited due to adverse effects on the biological system. In this study, we have used biocompatible thiol-functionalized cellulose-grafted copper oxide nanoparticles (C-CuI/IIO NPs) to treat UC. The metal NPs alleviated the colitis condition as evidenced by the colon length and observed physical parameters. Analysis of histopathology demonstrated the recovery of the colon architecture damaged by dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis. Treatment with C-CuI/IIO NPs reduced the disintegration of goblet cells and the retainment of sulfomucin. Significant downregulation of inflammatory markers like MPO activity, as well as levels of nitrite and TNF-α, was found following C-CuI/IIO NP treatment. The observations from the study suggested that intrarectal treatment of colitis with cellulose-based C-CuI/IIO NPs successfully combated the intestinal inflammatory condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Kumar Mishra
- Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Knowledge City, Sector 81, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Abdul Selim
- Energy and Environment Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Knowledge City, Sector 81, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Vijayendran Gowri
- Energy and Environment Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Knowledge City, Sector 81, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Anas Ahmad
- Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre (JMDRC) and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Ahmed Nadeem
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nahid Siddiqui
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida 201303, India
| | - Syed Shadab Raza
- Laboratory for Stem Cell & Restorative Neurology, Department of Biotechnology, Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Sarfarazganj, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226003, India
| | - Govindasamy Jayamurugan
- Energy and Environment Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Knowledge City, Sector 81, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Rehan Khan
- Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Knowledge City, Sector 81, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
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85
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Chen SQ, Chen XY, Cui YZ, Yan BX, Zhou Y, Wang ZY, Xu F, Huang YZ, Zheng YX, Man XY. Cutaneous nerve fibers participate in the progression of psoriasis by linking epidermal keratinocytes and immunocytes. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:267. [PMID: 35488965 PMCID: PMC11072315 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04299-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have illustrated that psoriatic lesions are innervated by dense sensory nerve fibers. Psoriatic plaques appeared to improve after central or peripheral nerve injury. Therefore, the nervous system may play a vital role in psoriasis. We aimed to clarify the expression of nerve fibers in psoriasis and their relationship with immune cells and keratinocytes, and to explore the effect of skin nerve impairment. Our results illustrated that nerve fibers in psoriatic lesions increased and were closely innervated around immune cells and keratinocytes. RNA-seq analysis showed that peripheral sensory nerve-related genes were disrupted in psoriasis. In spinal cord hemi-section mice, sensory impairment improved psoriasiform dermatitis and inhibited the abnormal proliferation of keratinocytes. Botulinum toxin A alleviated psoriasiform dermatitis by inhibiting the secretion of calcitonin gene-related peptide. Collectively, cutaneous nerve fibers participate in the progression of psoriasis by linking epidermal keratinocytes and immunocytes. Neurological intervention may be a new treatment strategy for psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Qi Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, #88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xue-Yan Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, #88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying-Zhe Cui
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, #88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bing-Xi Yan
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, #88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, #88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhao-Yuan Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, #88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fan Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, #88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Zhou Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, #88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Xin Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, #88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Yong Man
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, #88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, China.
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86
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Crosson T, Talbot S. Anatomical differences in nociceptor neurons sensitivity. Bioelectron Med 2022; 8:7. [PMID: 35382899 PMCID: PMC8985299 DOI: 10.1186/s42234-022-00088-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dorsal Root Ganglia (DRG) neurons are derived from the neural crest and mainly innervate the skin, while Jugular Nodose Complex (JNC) neurons originate from the placode and innervate internal organs. These ganglia are composed of highly heterogeneous groups of neurons aimed at assessing and preserving homeostasis. Among other subtypes, nociceptor neurons are specialized in sensing and responding to environmental dangers. As form typically follows function, we hypothesized that JNC and DRG neurons would be phenotypically and transcriptomically different. Methods Mouse JNC and DRG neurons were cultured ex vivo. Using calcium imaging, qPCR and neurite outgrowth assay, we compared the sensitivity of JNC and DRG neurons. Using in-silico analysis of existing RNA sequencing datasets, we confronted our results to transcriptomic differences found between both ganglia. Results We found drastically different expression levels of Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) channels, growth factor receptors and neuropeptides in JNC and DRG neurons. Functionally, naïve JNC neurons’ TRP channels are more sensitive to thermal cues than the ones from DRG neurons. However, DRG neurons showed increased TRP channel responsiveness, neuropeptide release and neurite outgrowth when exposed to Nerve Growth Factor (NGF). In contrast, JNC neurons preferentially responded to Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Conclusion Our data show that JNC and DRG neurons are transcriptomically and functionally unique and that pain sensitivity is different across anatomical sites. Drugs targeting NGF signaling may have limited efficacy to treat visceral pain. Bioelectronics nerve stimulation should also be adjusted to the ganglia being targeted and their different expression profile. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s42234-022-00088-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theo Crosson
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sebastien Talbot
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
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87
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Klein Wolterink RGJ, Wu GS, Chiu IM, Veiga-Fernandes H. Neuroimmune Interactions in Peripheral Organs. Annu Rev Neurosci 2022; 45:339-360. [PMID: 35363534 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-neuro-111020-105359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between the nervous and immune systems were recognized long ago, but recent studies show that this crosstalk occurs more frequently than was previously appreciated. Moreover, technological advances have enabled the identification of the molecular mediators and receptors that enable the interaction between these two complex systems and provide new insights on the role of neuroimmune crosstalk in organismal physiology. Most neuroimmune interaction occurs at discrete anatomical locations in which neurons and immune cells colocalize. Here, we describe the interactions of the different branches of the peripheral nervous system with immune cells in various organs, including the skin, intestine, lung, and adipose tissue. We highlight how neuroimmune crosstalk orchestrates physiological processes such as host defense, tissue repair, metabolism, and thermogenesis. Unraveling these intricate relationships is invaluable to explore the therapeutic potential of neuroimmune interaction. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Neuroscience, Volume 45 is July 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Glendon S Wu
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA;
| | - Isaac M Chiu
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA;
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88
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Chong AC, Chwa WJ, Ong PY. Aeroallergens in Atopic Dermatitis and Chronic Urticaria. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2022; 22:67-75. [PMID: 35362938 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-022-01033-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW While aeroallergens are a well-established trigger of asthma and allergic rhinitis, their role in allergic skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis and chronic urticaria remains controversial. This paper reviews the pathophysiology and clinical evidence for aeroallergens in these allergic skin diseases and summarizes current strategies for evaluation and management. RECENT FINDINGS Current evidence implicates aeroallergens as triggers of cutaneous reactions in atopic dermatitis. Direct skin contact is the likely route of trigger. Aeroallergens may also trigger chronic urticaria, though mechanistic studies are limited. These allergens may cross the skin barrier and directly trigger neurons to release substance P, resulting in mast cell degranulation and dumping of histamine and prostaglandin D2. Many studies link aeroallergen sensitization to chronic urticaria, and case reports suggest the utility of avoidance strategies. The role of aeroallergens as a trigger is clear in atopic dermatitis and becoming emergent in chronic urticaria. Skin prick testing or serum-specific immunoglobulin E testing may be used to determine sensitivities. Management at this time centers on avoidance, and further studies are necessary to evaluate the efficacy of aeroallergen immunotherapy for both conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert C Chong
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Won Jong Chwa
- Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Peck Y Ong
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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89
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Szöllősi AG, Oláh A, Lisztes E, Griger Z, Tóth BI. Pruritus: A Sensory Symptom Generated in Cutaneous Immuno-Neuronal Crosstalk. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:745658. [PMID: 35321329 PMCID: PMC8937025 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.745658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pruritus or itch generated in the skin is one of the most widespread symptoms associated with various dermatological and systemic (immunological) conditions. Although many details about the molecular mechanisms of the development of both acute and chronic itch were uncovered in the last 2 decades, our understanding is still incomplete and the clinical management of pruritic conditions is one of the biggest challenges in daily dermatological practice. Recent research revealed molecular interactions between pruriceptive sensory neurons and surrounding cutaneous cell types including keratinocytes, as well as resident and transient cells of innate and adaptive immunity. Especially in inflammatory conditions, these cutaneous cells can produce various mediators, which can contribute to the excitation of pruriceptive sensory fibers resulting in itch sensation. There also exists significant communication in the opposite direction: sensory neurons can release mediators that maintain an inflamed, pruritic tissue-environment. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about the sensory transduction of pruritus detailing the local intercellular interactions that generate itch. We especially emphasize the role of various pruritic mediators in the bidirectional crosstalk between cutaneous non-neuronal cells and sensory fibers. We also list various dermatoses and immunological conditions associated with itch, and discuss the potential immune-neuronal interactions promoting the development of pruritus in the particular diseases. These data may unveil putative new targets for antipruritic pharmacological interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila Gábor Szöllősi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Attila Oláh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Erika Lisztes
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Griger
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Balázs István Tóth
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- *Correspondence: Balázs István Tóth,
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90
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Redhu D, Franke K, Aparicio-Soto M, Kumari V, Pazur K, Illerhaus A, Hartmann K, Worm M, Babina M. Mast cells instruct keratinocytes to produce TSLP - relevance of the tryptase/PAR-2 axis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 149:2053-2061.e6. [PMID: 35240143 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) promotes Th2 inflammation and is deeply intertwined with inflammatory dermatoses like atopic dermatitis. The mechanisms regulating TSLP are poorly defined. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether and by what mechanisms mast cells (MCs) foster TSLP responses in the cutaneous environment. METHODS Ex vivo and in vivo skin MC degranulation was induced by compound 48/80 in wildtype, PAR-2- and MC-deficient mice in the presence/absence of neutralizing antibodies, antagonists or exogenous mMCP6. Primary human keratinocytes (hKCs) and murine skin explants (mSEs) were stimulated with lysates/supernatants of human skin MCs, purified tryptase or MC-lysate diminished of tryptase. Chymase and histamine were also used. TSLP was quantified by ELISA, RT-qPCR and immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS Mrgprb2-activation elicited TSLP in intact skin, mainly in the epidermis. Responses were strictly MC-dependent and relied on PAR-2. Complementarily, TSLP was elicited by tryptase in mSEs. Exogenous mMCP6 could fully restore responsiveness in MC-deficient mSEs. Conversely, PAR-2-knockout mice were unresponsive to mMCP6, while displaying increased responsiveness to other inflammatory pathways, e.g. IL-1α. Indeed, IL-1α acted in concert with tryptase. In hKCs, MC-elicited TSLP generation was likewise abolished by tryptase inhibition or elimination. Chymase and histamine did not impact TSLP production, but histamine triggered IL-6, IL-8, and SCF. CONCLUSION MCs communicate with KCs more broadly than hitherto suspected. The tryptase-PAR-2 axis is a crucial component of this crosstalk, underlying MC-dependent stimulation of TSLP in neighboring KCs. Interference specifically with MC tryptase may offer a treatment option for disorders initiated or perpetuated by aberrant TSLP, such as atopic dermatitis. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Awareness of the crosstalk between MCs and KCs may permit improved management of skin disorders, e.g. by selective targeting of tryptase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davender Redhu
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Allergy Center Charité, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kristin Franke
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Allergy Center Charité, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marina Aparicio-Soto
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Allergy Center Charité, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Vandana Kumari
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Allergy Center Charité, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kristijan Pazur
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Allergy Center Charité, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Illerhaus
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Karin Hartmann
- Department of Dermatology, Division of Allergy, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Margitta Worm
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Allergy Center Charité, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Magda Babina
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Allergy Center Charité, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.
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91
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Abstract
Transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) is a nonselective cation channel that is intensively expressed in the peripheral nerve system and involved in a variety of physiological and pathophysiological processes in mammals. Its activity is of great significance in transmitting pain or itch signals from peripheral sensory neurons to the central nervous system. The alteration or hypersensitivity of TRPV1 channel is well evidenced under various pathological conditions. Moreover, accumulative studies have revealed that TRPV1-expressing (TRPV1+) sensory neurons mediate the neuroimmune crosstalk by releasing neuropeptides to innervated tissues as well as immune cells. In the central projection, TRPV1+ terminals synapse with the secondary neurons for the transmission of pain and itch signalling. The intense involvement of TRPV1 and TRPV1+ neurons in pain and itch makes it a potential pharmaceutical target. Over decades, the basis of TRPV1 channel structure, the nature of its activity, and its modulation in pathological processes have been broadly studied and well documented. Herein, we highlight the role of TRPV1 and its associated neurons in sensing pain and itch. The fundamental understandings of TRPV1-involved nociception, pruriception, neurogenic inflammation, and cell-specific modulation will help bring out more effective strategies of TRPV1 modulation in treating pain- and itch-related diseases.
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92
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Luo X, Chen J, Yang H, Hu X, Alphonse MP, Shen Y, Kawakami Y, Zhou X, Tu W, Kawakami T, Wan M, Archer NK, Wang H, Gao P. Dendritic cell immunoreceptor drives atopic dermatitis by modulating oxidized CaMKII-involved mast cell activation. JCI Insight 2022; 7:152559. [PMID: 35113811 PMCID: PMC8983143 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.152559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergens have been identified as potential triggers in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD). AD patients are highly sensitive to cockroach allergen. The underlying mechanism, however, remains undetermined. Here, we established a cockroach allergen-induced AD-like mouse model and demonstrated that repeated exposure to cockroach allergen led to aggravated mouse skin inflammation, characterized by increased type 2 immunity, type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), and mast cells. Increased skin mast cells were also observed in AD patients. AD mice with mast cell-deficient mice (kitW-sh/W-sh) showed diminished skin inflammation, suggesting that mast cells are required in allergen-induced skin inflammation. Furthermore, dendritic cell immuno-receptor (DCIR) is up-regulated in skin mast cells of AD patients and mediates allergen binding and uptake. DCIR-/- mice or reconstituted kitW-sh/W-sh mice with DCIR-/- mast cells showed a significant reduction in AD-like inflammation. Both in vitro and in vivo analyses demonstrated that DCIR-/- mast cells had reduced IgE-mediated mast cell activation and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis. Mechanistically, DCIR regulates allergen-induced IgE-mediated mast cell ROS generation and oxidation of calmodulin kinase II (ox-CaMKII). ROS-resistant CaMKII (MM-VVδ) prevents allergen-induced mast cell activation and inflammatory mediator release. Our study reveals a previously unrecognized DCIR-ROS-CaMKII axis that controls allergen-induced mast cell activation and AD-like inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Luo
- Pediatric Dermatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jingsi Chen
- Pediatric Dermatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huan Yang
- Pediatric Dermatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinyue Hu
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States of America
| | - Martin P Alphonse
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States of America
| | - Yingchun Shen
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States of America
| | - Yuko Kawakami
- Division of Cell Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, United States of America
| | - Xiaoying Zhou
- Pediatric Dermatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Tu
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States of America
| | - Toshiaki Kawakami
- Division of Cell Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, United States of America
| | - Mei Wan
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States of America
| | - Nathan K Archer
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States of America
| | - Hua Wang
- Pediatric Dermatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Peisong Gao
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States of America
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93
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Flayer CH, Sokol CL. Sensory neurons control the functions of dendritic cells to guide allergic immunity. Curr Opin Immunol 2022; 74:85-91. [PMID: 34808584 PMCID: PMC8901476 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2021.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells of the innate immune system and sensory neurons of the peripheral nervous system are embedded in barrier tissues and gather information about an organisms' environment. While the mechanisms by which dendritic cells recognize and initiate adaptive immune responses to pathogens is well defined, how they sense allergens is poorly understood. Indeed, allergens induce dendritic cell maturation and migration in vivo, but not in vitro. How are adaptive immune responses to allergens initiated if dendritic cells do not directly sense allergens? Sensory neurons release neuropeptides within minutes of allergen exposure. Recent evidence demonstrated that while neuropeptides modify dendritic cell function during pathogen responses, they are required for dendritic cell function during allergic responses. These emerging studies suggest that sensory neurons do not just pass information along to the central nervous system, but also to dendritic cells, particularly during the initiation of adaptive immunity to allergens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Caroline L Sokol
- Corresponding author: , 149 13th St Room 8103, Charlestown, MA 02129
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94
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Ma F, Liu J, Lv X, Liu HZ, Yang PC, Ning Y. Characterization of allergic inflammation in chronic uterine cervicitis. Clin Exp Immunol 2022; 207:44-52. [PMID: 35020843 PMCID: PMC8802179 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxab026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Female genital tract chronic inflammation is common in clinics; the pathogenesis is not fully understood yet. House dust mite (HDM) involves the pathogenesis of many chronic diseases in human. This study aims to identify HDM-specific allergic response in the cervix of patients with cervical inflammation. Patients (n = 80) with chronic cervicitis (CC) and non-CC control (NC) subjects (n = 80) were recruited into this study. Vaginal lavage fluids (VLF) were collected from CC patients and NC subjects. Cellular components and fluid part of VLF were separated by centrifugation, and analyzed by flow cytometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We found that a portion (52 out of 80) of CC patients responded to HDM, manifesting positive skin prick test, and HDM-specific IgE and IgG was detected in the VLF (designated CCp patients). VLF of CCp patients showed a Th2-dominant profile. HDM-specific Th2 cells were detected in VLF in CCp patients. Exposure to HDM in the culture induced proinflammatory cytokine release from CCp VLF CD4+ T cells. Exposure to CCp VLF CD4+ T cell-conditioned medium induced de novo Th2 response. Direct exposure to HDM induced allergic response in the cervix of CCp patients. In summary, a portion of CC patients respond to HDM challenge in the cervix. Exposure to HDM induces an allergy-like response in the cervix of CCp patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Ma
- Department of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Medical Record Management, Shenzhen Maternal and Child HealthCare Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaodan Lv
- Department of Pediatrics, Longgang Maternal and Child HealthCare Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hua-Zhen Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Shenzhen, China.,Institute of Allergy and Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Allergy Division at Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ping-Chang Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Shenzhen, China.,Institute of Allergy and Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Allergy Division at Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yan Ning
- Department of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
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95
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Chaki S, Alkanfari I, Roy S, Amponnawarat A, Hui Y, Oskeritzian CA, Ali H. Inhibition of Orai Channel Function Regulates Mas-Related G Protein-Coupled Receptor-Mediated Responses in Mast Cells. Front Immunol 2022; 12:803335. [PMID: 35126366 PMCID: PMC8810828 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.803335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are tissue resident immune cells that play important roles in the pathogenesis of allergic disorders. These responses are mediated via the cross-linking of cell surface high affinity IgE receptor (FcϵRI) by antigen resulting in calcium (Ca2+) mobilization, followed by degranulation and release of proinflammatory mediators. In addition to FcϵRI, cutaneous MCs express Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor X2 (MRGPRX2; mouse ortholog MrgprB2). Activation of MRGPRX2/B2 by the neuropeptide substance P (SP) is implicated in neurogenic inflammation, chronic urticaria, mastocytosis and atopic dermatitis. Although Ca2+ entry is required for MRGPRX2/B2-mediated MC responses, the possibility that calcium release-activated calcium (CRAC/Orai) channels participate in these responses has not been tested. Lentiviral shRNA-mediated silencing of Orai1, Orai2 or Orai3 in a human MC line (LAD2 cells) resulted in partial inhibition of SP-induced Ca2+ mobilization, degranulation and cytokine/chemokine generation (TNF-α, IL-8, and CCL-3). Synta66, which blocks homo and hetero-dimerization of Orai channels, caused a more robust inhibition of SP-induced responses than knockdown of individual Orai channels. Synta66 also blocked SP-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and Akt phosphorylation and abrogated cytokine/chemokine production. It also inhibited SP-induced Ca2+ mobilization and degranulation in primary human skin MCs and mouse peritoneal MCs. Furthermore, Synta66 attenuated both SP-induced cutaneous vascular permeability and leukocyte recruitment in mouse peritoneum. These findings demonstrate that Orai channels contribute to MRGPRX2/B2-mediated MC activation and suggest that their inhibition could provide a novel approach for the modulation of SP-induced MC/MRGPRX2-mediated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaswati Chaki
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ibrahim Alkanfari
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Faculty of Dentistry, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saptarshi Roy
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Aetas Amponnawarat
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Family and Community Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Yvonne Hui
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Carole A. Oskeritzian
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Hydar Ali
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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96
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Design and synthesis of first environment-sensitive coumarin fluorescent agonists for MrgX2. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 203:481-491. [PMID: 35051504 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Mas related G-protein-coupled receptor member X2 (MrgX2) has been identified as the crucial receptor in drug induced pseudo-allergic reactions and allergic diseases. In this research, the first type of fluorescent agonists (ZX1, ZX2 and ZX3) for MrgX2 were developed by conjugating environment-sensitive fluorophore coumarin to MrgX2 selective agonists (R)-ZINC-3573. Their environment-sensitive property was confirmed by the dramatically increase of fluorescent intensity after binding to the hydrophobic ligand binding domain MrgX2, which help to overcome the high background signal. Based on these characteristics, they can be used for selective visualization of MrgX2 in living cells even with their own background interference. Among these fluorescent agonists, compound ZX2 possessed splendid spectroscopic properties, outstanding pharmacological activities (EC50 = 0.93 μM, KD = 1.97 μM). And a competitive binding assay was established with ZX2 to analysis the binding affinity of MrgX2 agonists, which shown high coherence with the results of cell membrane chromatography. To our knowledge, these probes are the first fluorescent ligands of MrgX2 with agonistic activity and environment-sensitive property, which is expected to use for the development of MrgX2 molecular pharmacology and serve as a convenient high-throughput screening tool for the drug candidates targeting MrgX2.
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Iio K, Kutsumura N, Nagumo Y, Saitoh T, Tokuda A, Hashimoto K, Yamamoto N, Kise R, Inoue A, Mizoguchi H, Nagase H. Synthesis of unnatural morphinan compounds to induce itch-like behaviors in mice: Towards the development of MRGPRX2 selective ligands. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2022; 56:128485. [PMID: 34861349 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.128485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor X2 (MRGPRX2) mediates the itch response in neurons and is involved in atopic dermatitis (AD)-associated inflammation and itch. Potent and MRGPRX2-selective ligands are essential to an understanding of the detailed function of the receptor and to develop new therapeutic agents for its related diseases. (+)-TAN-67 (1), the enantiomer of the δ-opioid receptor (DOR) selective ligand (-)-TAN-67 (1), has been reported to activate MRGPRX2, although (+)-1 also interacts with DOR, which prevents investigators from interrogating the function of MRGPRX2. Here, we have succeeded in developing a novel unnatural morphinan compound (+)-2a by a transformation based on the structure of (+)-1, which removes the DOR binding affinity. (+)-2a activated both human MRGPRX2 and the mouse orthologue Mrgprb2 in in vitro experiments and induced itch-like behaviors in mice to the same extent as (+)-1. The (+)-2a-induced itch response in mice was suppressed by administration of the tripeptide QWF, an MRGPRX2/Mrgprb2 antagonist, or the antipruritic drug nalfurafine. Together, (+)-2a serves as a useful tool to elucidate the itch-related function/action of MRGPRX2 and its mouse orthologue Mrgprb2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Iio
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Noriki Kutsumura
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan; International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan; Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Nagumo
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Saitoh
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan; Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Akihisa Tokuda
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Kao Hashimoto
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Naoshi Yamamoto
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Ryoji Kise
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Asuka Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Mizoguchi
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 981-8558, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nagase
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan; International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
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98
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Lidocaine Ameliorates Psoriasis by Obstructing Pathogenic CGRP Signaling-Mediated Sensory Neuron-Dendritic Cell Communication. J Invest Dermatol 2022; 142:2173-2183.e6. [PMID: 35032503 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic immune-mediated skin disorder with the nervous system contributing to its pathology. The neurogenic mediators of psoriasis are elusive and whether the intervention of cutaneous nervous system can treat psoriasis remains to be determined. Here we conducted a pilot study using epidural injection of lidocaine to treat patients with psoriasis. Lidocaine treatment markedly reduced patients' clinical scores, and improved an imiquimod (IMQ)-induced rat model of psoriasis as competent as systemic delivery of a TNF-α antibody. IMQ application elicited aberrant cutaneous nerve outgrowth and excessive generation of neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) from dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, both of which were inhibited by epidural lidocaine treatment. Single-cell RNA sequencing unveiled the overrepresentation of CGRP receptors in dermal dendritic cell (DC) populations of patients with psoriasis. Through disturbing CGRP signaling, lidocaine inhibited IL-23 production by DCs co-cultured with DRG neurons. Thus, epidural nerve block with lidocaine demonstrates an effective therapy for psoriasis, which suppresses both inordinate sensory nerve growth in the inflamed skin and CGRP-mediated IL-23 production from psoriatic DCs.
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99
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Somatosensory and autonomic neuronal regulation of the immune response. Nat Rev Neurosci 2022; 23:157-171. [PMID: 34997214 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-021-00555-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bidirectional communication between the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and the immune system is a crucial part of an effective but balanced mammalian response to invading pathogens, tissue damage and inflammatory stimuli. Here, we review how somatosensory and autonomic neurons regulate immune cellular responses at barrier tissues and in peripheral organs. Immune cells express receptors for neuronal mediators, including neuropeptides and neurotransmitters, allowing neurons to influence their function in acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. Distinct subsets of peripheral sensory, sympathetic, parasympathetic and enteric neurons are able to signal to innate and adaptive immune cells to modulate their cellular functions. In this Review, we highlight recent studies defining the molecular mechanisms by which neuroimmune signalling mediates tissue homeostasis and pathology. Understanding the neural circuitry that regulates immune responses can offer novel targets for the treatment of a wide array of diseases.
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100
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Vitte J, Vibhushan S, Bratti M, Montero-Hernandez JE, Blank U. Allergy, Anaphylaxis, and Nonallergic Hypersensitivity: IgE, Mast Cells, and Beyond. Med Princ Pract 2022; 31:501-515. [PMID: 36219943 PMCID: PMC9841766 DOI: 10.1159/000527481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
IgE-mediated type I hypersensitivity reactions have many reported beneficial functions in immune defense against parasites, venoms, toxins, etc. However, they are best known for their role in allergies, currently affecting almost one third of the population worldwide. IgE-mediated allergic diseases result from a maladaptive type 2 immune response that promotes the synthesis of IgE antibodies directed at a special class of antigens called allergens. IgE antibodies bind to type I high-affinity IgE receptors (FcεRI) on mast cells and basophils, sensitizing them to get triggered in a subsequent encounter with the cognate allergen. This promotes the release of a large variety of inflammatory mediators including histamine responsible for the symptoms of immediate hypersensitivity. The development of type 2-driven allergies is dependent on a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors at barrier surfaces including the host microbiome that builds up during early life. While IgE-mediated immediate hypersensitivity reactions are undoubtedly at the origin of the majority of allergies, it has become clear that similar responses and symptoms can be triggered by other types of adaptive immune responses mediated via IgG or complement involving other immune cells and mediators. Likewise, various nonadaptive innate triggers via receptors expressed on mast cells have been found to either directly launch a hypersensitivity reaction and/or to amplify existing IgE-mediated responses. This review summarizes recent findings on both IgE-dependent and IgE-independent mechanisms in the development of allergic hypersensitivities and provides an update on the diagnosis of allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Vitte
- Aix-Marseille Université, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Marseille, France
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- IDESP, INSERM UMR UA 11, Montpellier, France
| | - Shamila Vibhushan
- Université Paris Cité - Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, INSERM UMRS 1149, CNRS EMR8252, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Paris, France
| | - Manuela Bratti
- Université Paris Cité - Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, INSERM UMRS 1149, CNRS EMR8252, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Paris, France
| | - Juan Eduardo Montero-Hernandez
- Université Paris Cité - Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, INSERM UMRS 1149, CNRS EMR8252, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Paris, France
| | - Ulrich Blank
- Université Paris Cité - Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, INSERM UMRS 1149, CNRS EMR8252, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Paris, France
- *Ulrich Blank,
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