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Mo SJ, Lee JH, Kye HG, Lee JM, Kim EJ, Geum D, Sun W, Chung BG. A microfluidic gradient device for drug screening with human iPSC-derived motoneurons. Analyst 2020; 145:3081-3089. [DOI: 10.1039/c9an02384d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We developed a microfluidic gradient device to utilize as a drug screening system with human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived motoneurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Joon Mo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- Sogang University
- Korea
| | - Ju-Hyun Lee
- Department of Anatomy
- Brain Korea 21 Program
- Korea University College of Medicine
- Seoul
- Korea
| | - Hyeon Gi Kye
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Sogang University
- Seoul
- Korea
| | - Jong Min Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Sogang University
- Seoul
- Korea
| | | | - Dongho Geum
- Department of Biomedical Sciences
- Korea University College of Medicine
- Seoul
- Korea
| | - Woong Sun
- Department of Anatomy
- Brain Korea 21 Program
- Korea University College of Medicine
- Seoul
- Korea
| | - Bong Geun Chung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Sogang University
- Seoul
- Korea
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52
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An S, Han SY, Cho SW. Hydrogel-integrated Microfluidic Systems for Advanced Stem Cell Engineering. BIOCHIP JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13206-019-3402-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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53
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54
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Bonifácio ED, González-Torres LA, Meireles AB, Guimarães MV, Araujo CA. Spatiotemporal pattern of glucose in a microfluidic device depend on the porosity and permeability of the medium: A finite element study. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2019; 182:105039. [PMID: 31472476 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2019.105039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucose plays an important role as a source of nutrients and influence cellular processes such as differentiation, proliferation and migration. In vitro models based on microfluidic devices represent an alternative to study several biological processes in a more reproducible and controllable method compared to in vivo models. Glucose concentration across a microfluidic chip and its behavior in experimental conditions is not completely understood. OBJECTIVE This paper investigated the spatiotemporal distribution of glucose across the hydrogel inside a microfluidic chip. The influence of different parameters, boundary and initial conditions of experiments on glucose concentration was studied. METHODS A finite element model using a two dimensional geometry was developed. With this model, patterns of glucose concentration were investigated for different combinations of flow rate of culture medium, permeability and porosity of the medium. Patterns were also studied for two hydrogels made of collagen type I and fibrin with different initial and boundary conditions for pressure and glucose concentration. RESULTS Porosity influenced significantly on the chemical gradients generated when interstitial fluid flow was null or neglectable. A difference in concentration lower than 15% was obtained at the input of microchamber and after 90 min, when porosity changed from 0.5 to 0.99. In addition, no significant effects of modifications in permeability were observed. Regarding the collagen and fibrin matrices, in the presence of a pressure gradient of 40 Pa, the permeability significantly influenced on the concentration gradients generated. CONCLUSIONS Porosity influences importantly on patterns when diffusion is the main transport mechanism. Permeability is the most influencing parameter when a fluid flow is present. Common insertion rates of culture medium does not significantly modify the patterns of glucose inside the chips. Thus, new experiments must consider the impact of such parameters on the distribution and the time span that nutrients occupy the medium. To better contribute with experimental trials, other studies involving cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions, and different chip geometries should be developed. The results of the present work could assist to develop specific systems for experimentation, to design new experiments and to improve the analysis of the obtained results.
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Affiliation(s)
- E D Bonifácio
- Mechanical Projects Laboratory - LPM, School of Mechanical Engineering - UFU, Uberlandia, Brazil; Institute of Science and Technology - UFVJM, Diamantina, Brazil.
| | | | - A B Meireles
- Pharmacy Department, Laboratory of Immunology, UFVJM and PPGCF-UFVJM, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - M V Guimarães
- Mechanical Projects Laboratory - LPM, School of Mechanical Engineering - UFU, Uberlandia, Brazil
| | - C A Araujo
- Mechanical Projects Laboratory - LPM, School of Mechanical Engineering - UFU, Uberlandia, Brazil
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55
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Tetrafluoroethylene-Propylene Elastomer for Fabrication of Microfluidic Organs-on-Chips Resistant to Drug Absorption. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:mi10110793. [PMID: 31752314 PMCID: PMC6915658 DOI: 10.3390/mi10110793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Organs-on-chips are microfluidic devices typically fabricated from polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). Since PDMS has many attractive properties including high optical clarity and compliance, PDMS is very useful for cell culture applications; however, PDMS possesses a significant drawback in that small hydrophobic molecules are strongly absorbed. This drawback hinders widespread use of PDMS-based devices for drug discovery and development. Here, we describe a microfluidic cell culture system made of a tetrafluoroethylene-propylene (FEPM) elastomer. We demonstrated that FEPM does not absorb small hydrophobic compounds including rhodamine B and three types of drugs, nifedipine, coumarin, and Bay K8644, whereas PDMS absorbs them strongly. The device consists of two FEPM layers of microchannels separated by a thin collagen vitrigel membrane. Since FEPM is flexible and biocompatible, this microfluidic device can be used to culture cells while applying mechanical strain. When human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were subjected to cyclic strain (~10%) for 4 h in this device, HUVECs reoriented and aligned perpendicularly in response to the cyclic stretch. Moreover, we demonstrated that this device can be used to replicate the epithelial–endothelial interface as well as to provide physiological mechanical strain and fluid flow. This method offers a robust platform to produce organs-on-chips for drug discovery and development.
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56
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Abadie T, Sella C, Perrodin P, Thouin L. Electrochemical Generation and Detection of Transient Concentration Gradients in Microfluidic Channels. Theoretical and Experimental Investigations. Front Chem 2019; 7:704. [PMID: 31709233 PMCID: PMC6822297 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient concentration gradients generated and detected electrochemically in continuous flow microchannels were investigated by numerical simulations and amperometric measurements. Operating conditions including device geometry and hydrodynamic regime were theoretically delineated for producing gradients of various profiles with tunable characteristics. Experiments were carried out with microfluidic devices incorporating a dual-channel-electrode configuration. Under these conditions, high electrochemical performance was achieved both to generate concentration gradients and to monitor their dynamics along linear microchannels. Good agreement was observed between simulated and experimental data validating predictions between gradient properties and generation conditions. These results demonstrated the capability of electrochemical microdevices to produce in situ tunable concentration gradients with real-time monitoring. This approach is versatile for the active control in microfluidics of microenvironments or chemical gradients with high spatiotemporal resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Laurent Thouin
- PASTEUR, Département de chimie, École normale supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Paris, France
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Tatkiewicz WI, Seras-Franzoso J, García-Fruitós E, Vazquez E, Kyvik AR, Ventosa N, Guasch J, Villaverde A, Veciana J, Ratera I. High-Throughput Cell Motility Studies on Surface-Bound Protein Nanoparticles with Diverse Structural and Compositional Characteristics. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:5470-5480. [PMID: 33464066 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b01085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Eighty areas with different structural and compositional characteristics made of bacterial inclusion bodies formed by the fibroblast growth factor (FGF-IBs) were simultaneously patterned on a glass surface with an evaporation-assisted method that relies on the coffee-drop effect. The resulting surface patterned with these protein nanoparticles enabled to perform a high-throughput study of the motility of NIH-3T3 fibroblasts under different conditions including the gradient steepness, particle concentrations, and area widths of patterned FGF-IBs, using for the data analysis a methodology that includes "heat maps". From this analysis, we observed that gradients of concentrations of surface-bound FGF-IBs stimulate the total cell movement but do not affect the total net distances traveled by cells. Moreover, cells tend to move toward an optimal intermediate FGF-IB concentration (i.e., cells seeded on areas with high IB concentrations moved toward areas with lower concentrations and vice versa, reaching the optimal concentration). Additionally, a higher motility was obtained when cells were deposited on narrow and highly concentrated areas with IBs. FGF-IBs can be therefore used to enhance and guide cell migration, confirming that the decoration of surfaces with such IB-like protein nanoparticles is a promising platform for regenerative medicine and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Witold I Tatkiewicz
- Department of Molecular Nanoscience and Organic Materials, Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.,CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Joaquin Seras-Franzoso
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Elena García-Fruitós
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Esther Vazquez
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Adriana R Kyvik
- Department of Molecular Nanoscience and Organic Materials, Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.,CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Nora Ventosa
- Department of Molecular Nanoscience and Organic Materials, Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.,CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Judith Guasch
- Department of Molecular Nanoscience and Organic Materials, Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.,CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.,Dynamic Biomimetics for Cancer Immunotherapy, Max Planck Partner Group, ICMAB-CSIC, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Antonio Villaverde
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Jaume Veciana
- Department of Molecular Nanoscience and Organic Materials, Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.,CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Imma Ratera
- Department of Molecular Nanoscience and Organic Materials, Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.,CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
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58
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Ayuso JM, Virumbrales-Munoz M, McMinn PH, Rehman S, Gomez I, Karim MR, Trusttchel R, Wisinski KB, Beebe DJ, Skala MC. Tumor-on-a-chip: a microfluidic model to study cell response to environmental gradients. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:3461-3471. [PMID: 31506657 PMCID: PMC6785375 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00270g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Limited blood supply and rapid tumor metabolism within solid tumors leads to nutrient starvation, waste product accumulation and the generation of pH gradients across the tumor mass. These environmental conditions modify multiple cellular functions, including metabolism, proliferation, and drug response. However, capturing the spatial metabolic and phenotypic heterogeneity of the tumor with classic in vitro models remains challenging. Thus, in this work a microfluidic tumor slice model was developed to study cell behavior under metabolic starvation gradients. The presented microdevice comprises a central chamber where tumor cells were cultured in a 3D collagen hydrogel. A lumen on the flank of the chamber was used to perfuse media, mimicking the vasculature. Under these circumstances, tumor cell metabolism led to the generation of viability, proliferation and pH gradients. The model decoupled the influence of oxygen from other nutrients, revealing that cell necrosis at the core of the model could be explained by nutrient starvation. The microdevice can be disassembled to retrieve the cells from the desired locations to study molecular adaptions due to nutrient starvation. When exposed to these pH gradients and low nutrient conditions, cancer cells showed multiple changes in their gene expression profile depending on their distance from the lumen. Those cells located further from the lumen upregulated several genes related to stress and survival response, whereas genes related to proliferation and DNA repair were downregulated. This model may help to identify new therapeutic opportunities to target the metabolic heterogeneity observed in solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose M. Ayuso
- Morgridge Institute for Research, 330 N Orchard street, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- The University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Maria Virumbrales-Munoz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- The University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Patrick H. McMinn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- The University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Shujah Rehman
- Morgridge Institute for Research, 330 N Orchard street, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- The University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ismael Gomez
- Allergy research group, IdISSC. San Carlos Clinic Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Materials department, Carlos III University. Leganes, Spain
| | - Mohammad R. Karim
- Morgridge Institute for Research, 330 N Orchard street, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- The University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Regan Trusttchel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- The University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kari B. Wisinski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- The University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - David J. Beebe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- The University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI,USA
| | - Melissa C. Skala
- Morgridge Institute for Research, 330 N Orchard street, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- The University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
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Coluccio ML, D'Attimo MA, Cristiani CM, Candeloro P, Parrotta E, Dattola E, Guzzi F, Cuda G, Lamanna E, Carbone E, Krühne U, Di Fabrizio E, Perozziello G. A Passive Microfluidic Device for Chemotaxis Studies. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:mi10080551. [PMID: 31434220 PMCID: PMC6722731 DOI: 10.3390/mi10080551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This work presents a disposable passive microfluidic system, allowing chemotaxis studies, through the generation of a concentration gradient. The device can handle liquid flows without an external supply of pressure or electric gradients, but simply using gravity force. It is able to ensure flow rates of 10 µL/h decreasing linearly with 2.5% in 24 h. The device is made of poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA), a biocompatible material, and it is fabricated by micro-milling and solvent assisted bonding. It is assembled into a mini incubator, designed properly for cell biology studies in passive microfluidic devices, which provides control of temperature and humidity levels, a contamination-free environment for cells with air and 5% of CO2. Furthermore, the mini incubator can be mounted on standard inverted optical microscopes. By using our microfluidic device integrated into the mini incubator, we are able to evaluate and follow in real-time the migration of any cell line to a chemotactic agent. The device is validated by showing cell migration at a rate of 0.36 µm/min, comparable with the rates present in scientific literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Laura Coluccio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Antonia D'Attimo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Costanza Maria Cristiani
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Patrizio Candeloro
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Elvira Parrotta
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Dattola
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesco Guzzi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giovanni Cuda
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Ernesto Lamanna
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Ennio Carbone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Ulrich Krühne
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Enzo Di Fabrizio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gerardo Perozziello
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
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60
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Cooksey GA, Patrone PN, Hands JR, Meek SE, Kearsley AJ. Dynamic Measurement of Nanoflows: Realization of an Optofluidic Flow Meter to the Nanoliter-per-Minute Scale. Anal Chem 2019; 91:10713-10722. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b02056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Stephen E. Meek
- Biotechnology Program, Montgomery College, Germantown, Maryland 20876, United States
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61
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Li N, Zhang W, Li Y, Lin JM. Analysis of cellular biomolecules and behaviors using microfluidic chip and fluorescence method. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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62
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Parittotokkaporn S, Dravid A, Bansal M, Aqrawe Z, Svirskis D, Suresh V, O’Carroll SJ. Make it simple: long-term stable gradient generation in a microfluidic microdevice. Biomed Microdevices 2019; 21:77. [DOI: 10.1007/s10544-019-0427-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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63
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Advanced 2D/3D cell migration assay for faster evaluation of chemotaxis of slow-moving cells. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219708. [PMID: 31314801 PMCID: PMC6636736 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Considering the essential role of chemotaxis of adherent, slow-moving cells in processes such as tumor metastasis or wound healing, a detailed understanding of the mechanisms and cues that direct migration of cells through tissues is highly desirable. The state-of-the-art chemotaxis instruments (e.g. microfluidic-based devices, bridge assays) can generate well-defined, long-term stable chemical gradients, crucial for quantitative investigation of chemotaxis in slow-moving cells. However, the majority of chemotaxis tools are designed for the purpose of an in-depth, but labor-intensive analysis of migratory behavior of single cells. This is rather inefficient for applications requiring higher experimental throughput, as it is the case of e.g. clinical examinations, chemoattractant screening or studies of the chemotaxis-related signaling pathways based on subcellular perturbations. Here, we present an advanced migration assay for accelerated and facilitated evaluation of the chemotactic response of slow-moving cells. The revised chemotaxis chamber contains a hydrogel microstructure–the migration arena, designed to enable identification of chemotactic behavior of a cell population in respect to the end-point of the experiment. At the same time, the assay in form of a microscopy slide enables direct visualization of the cells in either 2D or 3D environment, and provides a stable and linear gradient of chemoattractant. We demonstrate the correctness of the assay on the model study of HT-1080 chemotaxis in 3D and on 2D surface. Finally, we apply the migration arena chemotaxis assay to screen for a chemoattractant of primary keratinocytes, cells that play a major role in wound healing, being responsible for skin re-epithelialization and a successful wound closure. In direction of new therapeutic strategies to promote wound repair, we identified the chemotactic activity of the epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) ligands EGF and TGFα (transforming growth factor α).
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64
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Millet LJ, Aufrecht J, Labbé J, Uehling J, Vilgalys R, Estes ML, Miquel Guennoc C, Deveau A, Olsson S, Bonito G, Doktycz MJ, Retterer ST. Increasing access to microfluidics for studying fungi and other branched biological structures. Fungal Biol Biotechnol 2019; 6:1. [PMID: 31198578 PMCID: PMC6556955 DOI: 10.1186/s40694-019-0071-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microfluidic systems are well-suited for studying mixed biological communities for improving industrial processes of fermentation, biofuel production, and pharmaceutical production. The results of which have the potential to resolve the underlying mechanisms of growth and transport in these complex branched living systems. Microfluidics provide controlled environments and improved optical access for real-time and high-resolution imaging studies that allow high-content and quantitative analyses. Studying growing branched structures and the dynamics of cellular interactions with both biotic and abiotic cues provides context for molecule production and genetic manipulations. To make progress in this arena, technical and logistical barriers must be overcome to more effectively deploy microfluidics in biological disciplines. A principle technical barrier is the process of assembling, sterilizing, and hydrating the microfluidic system; the lack of the necessary equipment for the preparatory process is a contributing factor to this barrier. To improve access to microfluidic systems, we present the development, characterization, and implementation of a microfluidics assembly and packaging process that builds on self-priming point-of-care principles to achieve "ready-to-use microfluidics." RESULTS We present results from domestic and international collaborations using novel microfluidic architectures prepared with a unique packaging protocol. We implement this approach by focusing primarily on filamentous fungi; we also demonstrate the utility of this approach for collaborations on plants and neurons. In this work we (1) determine the shelf-life of ready-to-use microfluidics, (2) demonstrate biofilm-like colonization on fungi, (3) describe bacterial motility on fungal hyphae (fungal highway), (4) report material-dependent bacterial-fungal colonization, (5) demonstrate germination of vacuum-sealed Arabidopsis seeds in microfluidics stored for up to 2 weeks, and (6) observe bidirectional cytoplasmic streaming in fungi. CONCLUSIONS This pre-packaging approach provides a simple, one step process to initiate microfluidics in any setting for fungal studies, bacteria-fungal interactions, and other biological inquiries. This process improves access to microfluidics for controlling biological microenvironments, and further enabling visual and quantitative analysis of fungal cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larry J. Millet
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, PO Box 2008, MS 6445, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
- The Bredesen Center, University of Tennessee-Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA
| | - Jayde Aufrecht
- The Bredesen Center, University of Tennessee-Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA
- The Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, PO Box 2008, MS 6445, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
| | - Jessy Labbé
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, PO Box 2008, MS 6445, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA
| | - Jessie Uehling
- Biology Department, Duke University, Box 90338, Durham, NC 27708 USA
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94703 USA
| | - Rytas Vilgalys
- Biology Department, Duke University, Box 90338, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - Myka L. Estes
- The Center for Neuroscience, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95618 USA
| | - Cora Miquel Guennoc
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, PO Box 2008, MS 6445, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
- Institut national de la recherche agronomique (INRA), Centre INRA-Lorraine, 54280 Champenoux, France
| | - Aurélie Deveau
- Institut national de la recherche agronomique (INRA), Centre INRA-Lorraine, 54280 Champenoux, France
| | - Stefan Olsson
- Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou City, 350002 Fujian Province China
| | - Gregory Bonito
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - Mitchel J. Doktycz
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, PO Box 2008, MS 6445, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
- The Bredesen Center, University of Tennessee-Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA
| | - Scott T. Retterer
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, PO Box 2008, MS 6445, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
- The Bredesen Center, University of Tennessee-Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA
- The Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, PO Box 2008, MS 6445, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
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Wondraczek L, Pohnert G, Schacher FH, Köhler A, Gottschaldt M, Schubert US, Küsel K, Brakhage AA. Artificial Microbial Arenas: Materials for Observing and Manipulating Microbial Consortia. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1900284. [PMID: 30993782 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201900284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
From the smallest ecological niche to global scale, communities of microbial life present a major factor in system regulation and stability. As long as laboratory studies remain restricted to single or few species assemblies, however, very little is known about the interaction patterns and exogenous factors controlling the dynamics of natural microbial communities. In combination with microfluidic technologies, progress in the manufacture of functional and stimuli-responsive materials makes artificial microbial arenas accessible. As habitats for natural or multispecies synthetic consortia, they are expected to not only enable detailed investigations, but also the training and the directed evolution of microbial communities in states of balance and disturbance, or under the effects of modulated stimuli and spontaneous response triggers. Here, a perspective on how materials research will play an essential role in generating answers to the most pertinent questions of microbial engineering is presented, and the concept of adaptive microbial arenas and possibilities for their construction from particulate microniches to 3D habitats is introduced. Materials as active and tunable components at the interface of living and nonliving matter offer exciting opportunities in this field. Beyond forming the physical horizon for microbial cultivates, they will enable dedicated intervention, training, and observation of microbial consortia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lothar Wondraczek
- Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Fraunhoferstrasse 6, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Center of Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Microverse Cluster, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Neugasse 23, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Georg Pohnert
- Microverse Cluster, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Neugasse 23, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstrasse 8, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Strasse 8, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Felix H Schacher
- Center of Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Microverse Cluster, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Neugasse 23, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Angela Köhler
- Microverse Cluster, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Neugasse 23, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology (HKI), Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 23, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Gottschaldt
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Ulrich S Schubert
- Center of Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Microverse Cluster, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Neugasse 23, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Kirsten Küsel
- Microverse Cluster, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Neugasse 23, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity, Aquatic Geomicrobiology, Friedrich Schiller University, Dornburger Str. 159, 07743, Jena, Germany
- German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5E, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Axel A Brakhage
- Microverse Cluster, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Neugasse 23, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology (HKI), Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 23, 07745, Jena, Germany
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Ragelle H, Goncalves A, Kustermann S, Antonetti DA, Jayagopal A. Organ-On-A-Chip Technologies for Advanced Blood-Retinal Barrier Models. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2019; 36:30-41. [PMID: 31140899 PMCID: PMC6985766 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2019.0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood-retinal barrier (BRB) protects the retina by maintaining an adequate microenvironment for neuronal function. Alterations of the junctional complex of the BRB and consequent BRB breakdown in disease contribute to a loss of neuronal signaling and vision loss. As new therapeutics are being developed to prevent or restore barrier function, it is critical to implement physiologically relevant in vitro models that recapitulate the important features of barrier biology to improve disease modeling, target validation, and toxicity assessment. New directions in organ-on-a-chip technology are enabling more sophisticated 3-dimensional models with flow, multicellularity, and control over microenvironmental properties. By capturing additional biological complexity, organs-on-chip can help approach actual tissue organization and function and offer additional tools to model and study disease compared with traditional 2-dimensional cell culture. This review describes the current state of barrier biology and barrier function in ocular diseases, describes recent advances in organ-on-a-chip design for modeling the BRB, and discusses the potential of such models for ophthalmic drug discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héloïse Ragelle
- Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreia Goncalves
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Harbor, Michigan
| | - Stefan Kustermann
- Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - David A. Antonetti
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Harbor, Michigan
| | - Ashwath Jayagopal
- Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
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67
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Park K, Lee Y, Seo J. Recent Advances in High-throughput Platforms with Engineered Biomaterial Microarrays for Screening of Cell and Tissue Behavior. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 24:5458-5470. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190207093438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In the last decades, bioengineers have developed myriad biomaterials for regenerative medicine. Development of screening techniques is essential for understanding complex behavior of cells in the biological microenvironments. Conventional approaches to the screening of cellular behavior in vitro have limitations in terms of accuracy, reusability, labor-intensive screening, and versatility. Thus, drug screening and toxicology test through in vitro screening platforms have been underwhelming. Recent advances in the high-throughput screening platforms somewhat overcome the limitations of in vitro screening platforms via repopulating human tissues’ biophysical and biomchemical microenvironments with the ability to continuous monitoring of miniaturized human tissue behavior. Herein, we review current trends in the screening platform in which a high-throughput system composed of engineered microarray devices is developed to investigate cell-biomaterial interaction. Furthermore, diverse methods to achieve continuous monitoring of cell behavior via developments of biosensor integrated high-throughput platforms, and future perspectives on high-throughput screening will be provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kijun Park
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Yeontaek Lee
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Jungmok Seo
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
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68
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Oliveira NM, Vilabril S, Oliveira MB, Reis RL, Mano JF. Recent advances on open fluidic systems for biomedical applications: A review. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 97:851-863. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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69
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Kuzmic N, Moore T, Devadas D, Young EWK. Modelling of endothelial cell migration and angiogenesis in microfluidic cell culture systems. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2019; 18:717-731. [PMID: 30604299 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-018-01111-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tumour-induced angiogenesis is a complex biological process that involves growth of new blood vessels within the tumour microenvironment and is an important target for cancer therapies. Significant efforts have been undertaken to develop theoretical models as well as in vitro experimental models to study angiogenesis in a highly controllable and accessible manner. Various mathematical models have been developed to study angiogenesis, but these have mostly been applied to in vivo assays. Recently, microfluidic cell culture systems have emerged as useful and powerful tools for studying cell migration and angiogenesis processes, but thus far, mathematical angiogenesis models have not yet been applied to microfluidic geometries. Integrating mathematical and computational modelling with microfluidic-based assays has potential to enable greater control over experimental parameters, provide new insights into fundamental angiogenesis processes and assist in accelerating design and optimization of operating conditions. Here, we describe the development and application of a combined mathematical and computational modelling approach tailored specifically for microfluidic cell culture systems. The objective was to allow optimization of the engineering design of microfluidic systems, where the model may be used to test the impact of various geometric parameters on cell migration and angiogenesis processes, and assist in identifying optimal device dimensions to achieve desired readouts. We employed two separate continuum mathematical models that treated cell density, vessel length density and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) concentration as continuous average variables, and we implemented these models numerically using finite difference discretization and a Method of Lines approach. We examined the average response of cells to VEGF gradients inside our microfluidic device, including the time-dependent changes in cell density and vessel density, and how they were affected by changes in device geometries including the migration port width and length. Our study demonstrated that mathematical modelling can be integrated with microfluidics to offer new perspectives on emerging problems in biomicrofluidics and cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Kuzmic
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Thomas Moore
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Deepika Devadas
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Edmond W K Young
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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70
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Torisawa YS. Microfluidic Organs-on-Chips to Reconstitute Cellular Microenvironments. Bioanalysis 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-6229-3_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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71
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Chi PY, Spuul P, Tseng FG, Genot E, Chou CF, Taloni A. Cell Migration in Microfluidic Devices: Invadosomes Formation in Confined Environments. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1146:79-103. [PMID: 31612455 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-17593-1_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The last 20 years have seen the blooming of microfluidics technologies applied to biological sciences. Microfluidics provides effective tools for biological analysis, allowing the experimentalists to extend their playground to single cells and single molecules, with high throughput and resolution which were inconceivable few decades ago. In particular, microfluidic devices are profoundly changing the conventional way of studying the cell motility and cell migratory dynamics. In this chapter we will furnish a comprehensive view of the advancements made in the research domain of confinement-induced cell migration, thanks to the use of microfluidic devices. The chapter is subdivided in three parts. Each section will be addressing one of the fundamental questions that the microfluidic technology is contributing to unravel: (i) where cell migration takes place, (ii) why cells migrate and, (iii) how the cells migrate. The first introductory part is devoted to a thumbnail, and partially historical, description of microfluidics and its impact in biological sciences. Stress will be put on two aspects of the devices fabrication process, which are crucial for biological applications: materials used and coating methods. The second paragraph concerns the cell migration induced by environmental cues: chemical, leading to chemotaxis, mechanical, at the basis of mechanotaxis, and electrical, which induces electrotaxis. Each of them will be addressed separately, highlighting the fundamental role of microfluidics in providing the well-controlled experimental conditions where cell migration can be induced, investigated and ultimately understood. The third part of the chapter is entirely dedicated to how the cells move in confined environments. Invadosomes (the joint name for podosomes and invadopodia) are cell protrusion that contribute actively to cell migration or invasion. The formation of invadosomes under confinement is a research topic that only recently has caught the attention of the scientific community: microfluidic design is helping shaping the future direction of this emerging field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Yin Chi
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Nano Science and Technology Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Pirjo Spuul
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Division of Gene Technology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Fan-Gang Tseng
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Elisabeth Genot
- Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux (INSERM U1045), Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
| | - Chia-Fu Chou
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China. .,Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China. .,Genomics Research Center and Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Alessandro Taloni
- Institute for Complex Systems, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Roma, Italy.
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72
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Wang L, Li Z, Xu C, Qin J. Bioinspired Engineering of Organ-on-Chip Devices. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1174:401-440. [PMID: 31713207 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-9791-2_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The human body can be viewed as an organism consisting of a variety of cellular and non-cellular materials interacting in a highly ordered manner. Its complex and hierarchical nature inspires the multi-level recapitulation of the human body in order to gain insights into the inner workings of life. While traditional cell culture models have led to new insights into the cellular microenvironment and biological control in vivo, deeper understanding of biological systems and human pathophysiology requires the development of novel model systems that allow for analysis of complex internal and external interactions within the cellular microenvironment in a more relevant organ context. Engineering organ-on-chip systems offers an unprecedented opportunity to unravel the complex and hierarchical nature of human organs. In this chapter, we first highlight the advances in microfluidic platforms that enable engineering of the cellular microenvironment and the transition from cells-on-chips to organs-on-chips. Then, we introduce the key features of the emerging organs-on-chips and their proof-of-concept applications in biomedical research. We also discuss the challenges and future outlooks of this state-of-the-art technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Zhongyu Li
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Cong Xu
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Qin
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, P. R. China. .,CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China. .,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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73
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Wu J, Kumar-Kanojia A, Hombach-Klonisch S, Klonisch T, Lin F. A radial microfluidic platform for higher throughput chemotaxis studies with individual gradient control. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 18:3855-3864. [PMID: 30427358 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00981c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Chemotaxis plays a fundamental role in immune defense and cancer metastasis. Microfluidic devices are increasingly applied to studying chemotaxis, owing to their advantages of reduced reagent consumption, ability to control chemical gradients, tracking of individual cells, and quantification of chemotaxis. Many existing microfluidic chemotaxis devices suffer from limited throughput and complex operation. Here, we describe a microfluidic device with a radial channel design which allows for simultaneous chemotaxis tests of different cell types and different gradient conditions. This radial microfluidic device was capable of stand-alone stable gradient generation using passive pumping and pressure-balancing strategies. The device was validated by testing the migration of fast-migrating human neutrophils and two slower-migrating human breast cancer cell lines, MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells. Furthermore, this radial microfluidic device was useful in studying the influence of the nuclear chromatin binding protein high mobility group A2 (HMGA2) on the migration of the human triple negative breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiandong Wu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.
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74
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Prado RC, Borges ER. MICROBIOREACTORS AS ENGINEERING TOOLS FOR BIOPROCESS DEVELOPMENT. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/0104-6632.20180354s20170433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R. C. Prado
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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75
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Haringa C, Mudde RF, Noorman HJ. From industrial fermentor to CFD-guided downscaling: what have we learned? Biochem Eng J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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76
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Abstract
Microfluidics has played a vital role in developing novel methods to investigate biological phenomena at the molecular and cellular level during the last two decades. Microscale engineering of cellular systems is nevertheless a nascent field marked inherently by frequent disruptive advancements in technology such as PDMS-based soft lithography. Viable culture and manipulation of cells in microfluidic devices requires knowledge across multiple disciplines including molecular and cellular biology, chemistry, physics, and engineering. There has been numerous excellent reviews in the past 15 years on applications of microfluidics for molecular and cellular biology including microfluidic cell culture (Berthier et al., 2012; El-Ali, Sorger, & Jensen, 2006; Halldorsson et al., 2015; Kim et al., 2007; Mehling & Tay, 2014; Sackmann et al., 2014; Whitesides, 2006; Young & Beebe, 2010), cell culture models (Gupta et al., 2016; Inamdar & Borenstein, 2011; Meyvantsson & Beebe, 2008), cell secretion (Schrell et al., 2016), chemotaxis (Kim & Wu, 2012; Wu et al., 2013), neuron culture (Millet & Gillette, 2012a, 2012b), drug screening (Dittrich & Manz, 2006; Eribol, Uguz, & Ulgen, 2016; Wu, Huang, & Lee, 2010), cell sorting (Autebert et al., 2012; Bhagat et al., 2010; Gossett et al., 2010; Wyatt Shields Iv, Reyes, & López, 2015), single cell studies (Lecault et al., 2012; Reece et al., 2016; Yin & Marshall, 2012), stem cell biology (Burdick & Vunjak-Novakovic, 2009; Wu et al., 2011; Zhang & Austin, 2012), cell differentiation (Zhang et al., 2017a), systems biology (Breslauer, Lee, & Lee, 2006), 3D cell culture (Huh et al., 2011; Li et al., 2012; van Duinen et al., 2015), spheroids and organoids (Lee et al., 2016; Montanez-Sauri, Beebe, & Sung, 2015; Morimoto & Takeuchi, 2013; Skardal et al., 2016; Young, 2013), organ-on-chip (Bhatia & Ingber, 2014; Esch, Bahinski, & Huh, 2015; Huh et al., 2011; van der Meer & van den Berg, 2012), and tissue engineering (Andersson & Van Den Berg, 2004; Choi et al., 2007; Hasan et al., 2014). In this chapter, we provide an overview of PDMS-based microdevices for microfluidic cell culture. We discuss the advantages and challenges of using PDMS-based soft lithography for microfluidic cell culture and highlight recent progress and future directions in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melikhan Tanyeri
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Savaş Tay
- Institute of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States; Institute of Genomics and Systems Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.
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77
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Zhang Y, Li C, Wu Y, Zhang Y, Zhou Z, Cao B. A microfluidic gradient mixer-flow chamber as a new tool to study biofilm development under defined solute gradients. Biotechnol Bioeng 2018; 116:54-64. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.26852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yingdan Zhang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University; Singapore
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University; Singapore
| | - Cheng Li
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University; Singapore
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University; Singapore
| | - Yichao Wu
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University; Singapore
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University; Singapore
| | - Yilei Zhang
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University; Singapore
| | - Zhi Zhou
- Division of Environmental and Ecological Engineering and School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University; Indiana USA
| | - Bin Cao
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University; Singapore
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University; Singapore
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78
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Gu Y, Hegde V, Bishop KJM. Measurement and mitigation of free convection in microfluidic gradient generators. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 18:3371-3378. [PMID: 30256366 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00526e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic gradient generators are used to study the movement of living cells, lipid vesicles, and colloidal particles in response to spatial variations in their local chemical environment. Such gradient driven motions are often slow (less than 1 μm s-1) and therefore influenced or disrupted by fluid flows accompanying the formation and maintenance of the applied gradient. Even when external flows are carefully eliminated, the solute gradient itself can drive fluid motions due to combinations of gravitational body forces and diffusioosmotic surface forces. Here, we develop a microfluid gradient generator based on the in situ formation of biopolymer membranes and quantify the fluid flows induced by steady solute gradients. The measured velocity profiles agree quantitatively with those predicted by analytical approximations of relevant hydrodynamic models. We discuss how the speed of gradient-driven flows depends on system parameters such as the gradient magnitude, the fluid viscosity, the channel dimensions, and the solute type. These results are useful in identifying and mitigating undesired flows within microfluidic gradient systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Gu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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79
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Jo Y, Choi N, Kim K, Koo HJ, Choi J, Kim HN. Chemoresistance of Cancer Cells: Requirements of Tumor Microenvironment-mimicking In Vitro Models in Anti-Cancer Drug Development. Am J Cancer Res 2018; 8:5259-5275. [PMID: 30555545 PMCID: PMC6276092 DOI: 10.7150/thno.29098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
For decades, scientists have been using two-dimensional cell culture platforms for high-throughput drug screening of anticancer drugs. Growing evidence indicates that the results of anti-cancer drug screening vary with the cell culture microenvironment, and this variation has been proposed as a reason for the high failure rate of clinical trials. Since the culture condition-dependent drug sensitivity of anti-cancer drugs may negatively impact the identification of clinically effective drug candidates, more reliable in vitro cancer platforms are urgently needed. In this review article, we provide an overview of how cell culture conditions can alter drug efficacy and highlight the importance of developing more reliable cancer drug testing platforms for use in the drug discovery process. The environmental factors that can alter drug delivery and efficacy are reviewed. Based on these observations of chemoresistant tumor physiology, we summarize the recent advances in the fabrication of in vitro cancer models and the model-dependent cytotoxicity of anti-cancer drugs, with a particular focus on engineered environmental factors in these platforms. It is believed that more physiologically relevant cancer models can revolutionize the drug discovery process.
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80
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Drug screening of biopsy-derived spheroids using a self-generated microfluidic concentration gradient. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14672. [PMID: 30279484 PMCID: PMC6168499 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33055-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Performing drug screening of tissue derived from cancer patient biopsies using physiologically relevant 3D tumour models presents challenges due to the limited amount of available cell material. Here, we present a microfluidic platform that enables drug screening of cancer cell-enriched multicellular spheroids derived from tumour biopsies, allowing extensive anticancer compound screening prior to treatment. This technology was validated using cell lines and then used to screen primary human prostate cancer cells, grown in 3D as a heterogeneous culture from biopsy-derived tissue. The technology enabled the formation of repeatable drug concentration gradients across an array of spheroids without external fluid actuation, delivering simultaneously a range of drug concentrations to multiple sized spheroids, as well as replicates for each concentration. As proof-of-concept screening, spheroids were generated from two patient biopsies and a panel of standard-of-care compounds for prostate cancer were tested. Brightfield and fluorescence images were analysed to provide readouts of spheroid growth and health, as well as drug efficacy over time. Overall, this technology could prove a useful tool for personalised medicine and future drug development, with the potential to provide cost- and time-reduction in the healthcare delivery.
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81
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Chun H, Marriott I, Lee CJ, Cho H. Elucidating the Interactive Roles of Glia in Alzheimer's Disease Using Established and Newly Developed Experimental Models. Front Neurol 2018; 9:797. [PMID: 30319529 PMCID: PMC6168676 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an irreversible neurodegenerative illness and the exact etiology of the disease remains unknown. It is characterized by long preclinical and prodromal phases with pathological features including an accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptides into extracellular Aβ plaques in the brain parenchyma and the formation of intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) within neurons as a result of abnormal phosphorylation of microtubule-associated tau proteins. In addition, prominent activation of innate immune cells is also observed and/or followed by marked neuroinflammation. While such neuroinflammatory responses may function in a neuroprotective manner by clearing neurotoxic factors, they can also be neurotoxic by contributing to neurodegeneration via elevated levels of proinflammatory mediators and oxidative stress, and altered levels of neurotransmitters, that underlie pathological symptoms including synaptic and cognitive impairment, neuronal death, reduced memory, and neocortex and hippocampus malfunctions. Glial cells, particularly activated microglia and reactive astrocytes, appear to play critical and interactive roles in such dichotomous responses. Accumulating evidences clearly point to their critical involvement in the prevention, initiation, and progression, of neurodegenerative diseases, including AD. Here, we review recent findings on the roles of astrocyte-microglial interactions in neurodegeneration in the context of AD and discuss newly developed in vitro and in vivo experimental models that will enable more detailed analysis of glial interplay. An increased understanding of the roles of glia and the development of new exploratory tools are likely to be crucial for the development of new interventions for early stage AD prevention and cures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heejung Chun
- Center for Glia-Neuron Interaction, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ian Marriott
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, United States
| | - C Justin Lee
- Center for Glia-Neuron Interaction, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea.,Bio-Med, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Hansang Cho
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, United States.,Department of Mechanical Engineering and Engineering Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, United States.,Center for Biomedical Engineering and Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, United States.,The Nanoscale Science Program, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, United States
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82
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Shi Y, Liu HL, Zhu XQ, Zhu JM, Zuo YF, Yang Y, Jiang FH, Sun CJ, Zhao WH, Han XT. Optofluidic differential colorimetry for rapid nitrite determination. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 18:2994-3002. [PMID: 30128458 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00690c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Nitrite detection plays a very important role in environmental monitoring and for industrial purposes. The commonly used colorimetric analysis requires the measurement of a system's calibration curve by asynchronously preparing and detecting a dozen standard samples, leading to time-consuming, slow and cumbersome procedures. Here, we present a differential colorimetry method that determines the nitrite level based on the paired chromaticity gradient, formed by coupling the colour reaction into the microfluidic network. The two gradients reshape each other and contain enough information for the quantitative analysis of the sample being tested, without the need for a calibration curve. The independence of the two gradients of the absorbance change caused by the detecting system and water quality results in a high stability and anti-interference performance, with the assistance of its self-correcting ability. This differential colorimetry method requires little time and energy consumption as only one sample is needed. Standard nitrite solutions of 0.50 mM and 0.33 mM have been determined with an error of 1.16% and 0.50%, respectively. These measurements are advantageous in terms of greater stability by up to 10 times and accuracy by 6 times, compared with the calibration curve approaches. It is foreseeable that this differential colorimetry method will find a wide range of applications in the field of chemical detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Shi
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics & Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
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83
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Microfluidics: an Untapped Resource in Viral Diagnostics and Viral Cell Biology. CURRENT CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40588-018-0105-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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84
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Tzeng BB, Sun YS. Design and Fabrication of a Microfluidic Viscometer Based on Electrofluidic Circuits. MICROMACHINES 2018; 9:mi9080375. [PMID: 30424308 PMCID: PMC6187613 DOI: 10.3390/mi9080375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports a microfluidic viscometer based on electrofluidic circuits for measuring viscosities of liquid samples. The developed micro-device consists of a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) layer for electrofluidic circuits, a thin PDMS membrane, another PDMS layer for sample pretreatment, and a glass substrate. As the sample flows inside the microfluidic channel, its viscosity causes flow resistance and a pressure drop along this channel. This pressure drop, in turn, generates a hydraulic pressure which deforms the PDMS membrane, causing changes in the cross-sectional area and the electrical resistance of the electrofluidic resistor. This small resistance change is then measured via the electrofluidic Wheatstone bridge to relate the measured voltage difference to the fluidic viscosity. The performance of this viscometer was first tested by flowing nitrogen gas with controllable pressures into the device. The relationship between measured voltage difference and input gas pressure was analyzed to be linear in the pressure range of 0–15 psi. Another test using pure water indicated good linearity between measured voltage difference and flow rate in the rate range of 20–100 μL/min. Viscosities of glycerol/water solutions with volume/volume (v/v) concentrations ranging from 0 to 30% were measured, and these values were close to those obtained using commercially available viscometers. In addition, the sample-pretreatment layer can be used to mix and/or dilute liquid samples to desired concentrations. Therefore, this microfluidic device has potential for measurements of fluidic viscosity in a fast, accurate, and high-throughput manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Bi Tzeng
- Department of Physics, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan.
| | - Yung-Shin Sun
- Department of Physics, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan.
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85
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Rico-Varela J, Ho D, Wan LQ. In Vitro Microscale Models for Embryogenesis. ADVANCED BIOSYSTEMS 2018; 2:1700235. [PMID: 30533517 PMCID: PMC6286056 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201700235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Embryogenesis is a highly regulated developmental process requiring complex mechanical and biochemical microenvironments to give rise to a fully developed and functional embryo. Significant efforts have been taken to recapitulate specific features of embryogenesis by presenting the cells with developmentally relevant signals. The outcomes, however, are limited partly due to the complexity of this biological process. Microtechnologies such as micropatterned and microfluidic systems, along with new emerging embryonic stem cell-based models, could potentially serve as powerful tools to study embryogenesis. The aim of this article is to review major studies involving the culturing of pluripotent stem cells using different geometrical patterns, microfluidic platforms, and embryo/embryoid body-on-a-chip modalities. Indeed, new research opportunities have emerged for establishing in vitro culture for studying human embryogenesis and for high-throughput pharmacological testing platforms and disease models to prevent defects in early stages of human development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Rico-Varela
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy NY 12180
| | - Dominic Ho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy NY 12180
| | - Leo Q. Wan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy NY 12180
- Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy NY 12180
- Center for Modeling, Simulation and Imaging in Medicine, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy NY 12180
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86
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87
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Laromaine A, Tronser T, Pini I, Parets S, Levkin PA, Roig A. Free-standing three-dimensional hollow bacterial cellulose structures with controlled geometry via patterned superhydrophobic-hydrophilic surfaces. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:3955-3962. [PMID: 29736513 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm00112j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria can produce cellulose, one of the most abundant biopolymer on earth, and emerge as an interesting candidate to fabricate advanced materials. Cellulose produced by Komagataeibacter Xylinus, a bacterial strain, is a pure water insoluble biopolymer, without hemicellulose or lignin. Bacterial cellulose (BC) exhibits a nanofibrous porous network microstructure with high strength, low density and high biocompatibility and it has been proposed as cell scaffold and wound healing material. The formation of three dimensional (3D) cellulose self-standing structures is not simple. It either involves complex multi-step synthetic procedures or uses chemical methods to dissolve cellulose and remold it. Here we present an in situ single-step method to produce self-standing 3D-BC structures with controllable wall thickness, size and geometry in a reproducible manner. Parameters such as hydrophobicity of the surfaces, volume of the inoculum and time of culture define the resulting 3D-BC structures. Hollow spheres and convex domes can be easily obtained by changing the surface wettability. The potential of these structures as a 3D cell scaffold is exemplified supporting the growth of mouse embryonic stem cells within a hollow spherical BC structure, indicating its biocompatibility and future prospective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Laromaine
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus de la UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalunya, Spain.
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88
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Boneschansker L, Jorgensen J, Ellett F, Briscoe DM, Irimia D. Convergent and Divergent Migratory Patterns of Human Neutrophils inside Microfluidic Mazes. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1887. [PMID: 29382882 PMCID: PMC5789854 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20060-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are key cellular components of the innate immune response and characteristically migrate from the blood towards and throughout tissues. Their migratory process is complex, guided by multiple chemoattractants released from injured tissues and microbes. How neutrophils integrate the various signals in the tissue microenvironment and mount effective responses is not fully understood. Here, we employed microfluidic mazes that replicate features of interstitial spaces and chemoattractant gradients within tissues to analyze the migration patterns of human neutrophils. We find that neutrophils respond to LTB4 and fMLF gradients with highly directional migration patterns and converge towards the source of chemoattractant. We named this directed migration pattern convergent. Moreover, neutrophils respond to gradients of C5a and IL-8 with a low-directionality migration pattern and disperse within mazes. We named this alternative migration pattern divergent. Inhibitors of MAP kinase and PI-3 kinase signaling pathways do not alter either convergent or divergent migration patterns, but reduce the number of responding neutrophils. Overlapping gradients of chemoattractants conserve the convergent and divergent migration patterns corresponding to each chemoattractant and have additive effects on the number of neutrophils migrating. These results suggest that convergent and divergent neutrophil migration-patterns are the result of simultaneous activation of multiple signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo Boneschansker
- BioMEMS Resource Center, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, MA, USA.,Transplant Research Program and The Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Julianne Jorgensen
- BioMEMS Resource Center, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Felix Ellett
- BioMEMS Resource Center, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David M Briscoe
- Transplant Research Program and The Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel Irimia
- BioMEMS Resource Center, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, MA, USA.
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89
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Wang Y, Kim R, Hinman SS, Zwarycz B, Magness ST, Allbritton NL. Bioengineered Systems and Designer Matrices That Recapitulate the Intestinal Stem Cell Niche. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 5:440-453.e1. [PMID: 29675459 PMCID: PMC5904029 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between intestinal stem cells (ISCs) and the surrounding niche environment is complex and dynamic. Key factors localized at the base of the crypt are necessary to promote ISC self-renewal and proliferation, to ultimately provide a constant stream of differentiated cells to maintain the epithelial barrier. These factors diminish as epithelial cells divide, migrate away from the crypt base, differentiate into the postmitotic lineages, and end their life span in approximately 7 days when they are sloughed into the intestinal lumen. To facilitate the rapid and complex physiology of ISC-driven epithelial renewal, in vivo gradients of growth factors, extracellular matrix, bacterial products, gases, and stiffness are formed along the crypt-villus axis. New bioengineered tools and platforms are available to recapitulate various gradients and support the stereotypical cellular responses associated with these gradients. Many of these technologies have been paired with primary small intestinal and colonic epithelial cells to re-create select aspects of normal physiology or disease states. These biomimetic platforms are becoming increasingly sophisticated with the rapid discovery of new niche factors and gradients. These advancements are contributing to the development of high-fidelity tissue constructs for basic science applications, drug screening, and personalized medicine applications. Here, we discuss the direct and indirect evidence for many of the important gradients found in vivo and their successful application to date in bioengineered in vitro models, including organ-on-chip and microfluidic culture devices.
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Key Words
- 3D, 3-dimensional
- BMP, Bone morphogenetic protein
- Bioengineering
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- Eph, erythropoietin-producing human hepatocellular receptor
- Ephrin, Eph family receptor interacting proteins
- Gradients
- IFN-γ, interferon-γ
- ISC, intestinal stem cell
- Intestinal Epithelial Cells
- NO, nitric oxide
- SFCA, short-chain fatty acids
- Stem Cell Niche
- TA, transit amplifying
- Wnt, wingless-related integration site
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuli Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Raehyun Kim
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Samuel S. Hinman
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Bailey Zwarycz
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Scott T. Magness
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina,Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina,Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina,Scott T. Magness, PhD, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 111 Mason Farm Road, Room 4337 Medical Biomolecular Research Building, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599. fax: (919) 966-2284.
| | - Nancy L. Allbritton
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina,Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Nancy L. Allbritton, MD, PhD, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chapman Hall, Room 241, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599. fax: (919) 966-2963.
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90
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Role of Microenvironment in Glioma Invasion: What We Learned from In Vitro Models. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19010147. [PMID: 29300332 PMCID: PMC5796096 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The invasion properties of glioblastoma hamper a radical surgery and are responsible for its recurrence. Understanding the invasion mechanisms is thus critical to devise new therapeutic strategies. Therefore, the creation of in vitro models that enable these mechanisms to be studied represents a crucial step. Since in vitro models represent an over-simplification of the in vivo system, in these years it has been attempted to increase the level of complexity of in vitro assays to create models that could better mimic the behaviour of the cells in vivo. These levels of complexity involved: 1. The dimension of the system, moving from two-dimensional to three-dimensional models; 2. The use of microfluidic systems; 3. The use of mixed cultures of tumour cells and cells of the tumour micro-environment in order to mimic the complex cross-talk between tumour cells and their micro-environment; 4. And the source of cells used in an attempt to move from commercial lines to patient-based models. In this review, we will summarize the evidence obtained exploring these different levels of complexity and highlighting advantages and limitations of each system used.
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91
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Luan S, Hao R, Wei Y, Chen D, Fan B, Dong F, Guo W, Wang J, Chen J. A microfabricated 96-well wound-healing assay. Cytometry A 2017; 91:1192-1199. [PMID: 29156109 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This article presents a microfabricated 96-well wound-healing assay enabling high-throughput measurement of cellular migration capabilities. Within each well, the middle area is the wound region, made of microfabricated gold surface with self-assembled PEG repellent for cell seeding. After the formation of a cellular confluent monolayer around the wound region, collagen solution was applied to form three-dimensional matrix to cover the PEG surface, initiating the wound-healing process. By interpreting the numbers of migrated cells into the wound regions as a function of specific stimuli with different concentrations, EC50 (half-maximal effective concentration) was obtained. Using H1299 as a model, values of EC50 were quantified as 8% and 160 ng/ml for fetal bovine serum and CXCL12, respectively. In addition, the values of EC50 were demonstrated not to be affected by variations in compositions of extracellular matrix and geometries of wounds, which can thus be regarded as an intrinsic marker. Furthermore, the migration capabilities of a second cell type (HeLa) were characterized by the developed wound-healing assay, producing EC50 of 2% when fetal bovine serum was used as the stimuli. These results validated the proposed high-throughput wound-healing assay, which may function as an enabling tool in studying cellular capabilities of migration and invasion. © 2017 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoliang Luan
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Clinical Division of Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Institute of Electronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- Univesity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanchen Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Institute of Electronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Deyong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Institute of Electronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- Univesity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Beiyuan Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Institute of Electronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- Univesity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengliang Dong
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Clinical Division of Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Junbo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Institute of Electronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- Univesity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Institute of Electronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- Univesity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
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92
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Aizel K, Clark AG, Simon A, Geraldo S, Funfak A, Vargas P, Bibette J, Vignjevic DM, Bremond N. A tuneable microfluidic system for long duration chemotaxis experiments in a 3D collagen matrix. LAB ON A CHIP 2017; 17:3851-3861. [PMID: 29022983 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc00649g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In many cell types, migration can be oriented towards a chemical stimulus. In mammals, for example, embryonic cells migrate to follow developmental cues, immune cells migrate toward sites of inflammation, and cancer cells migrate away from the primary tumour and toward blood vessels during metastasis. Understanding how cells migrate in 3D environments in response to chemical cues is thus crucial to understanding directed migration in normal and disease states. To date, chemotaxis in mammalian cells has been primarily studied using 2D migration models. However, it is becoming increasingly clear that the mechanisms by which cells migrate in 2D and 3D environments dramatically differ, and cells in their native environments are confronted with a complex chemical milieu. To address these issues, we developed a microfluidic device to monitor the behaviour of cells embedded in a 3D collagen matrix in the presence of complex concentration fields of chemoattractants. This tuneable microsystem enables the generation of (1) homogeneous, stationary gradients set by a purely diffusive mechanism, or (2) spatially evolving, stationary gradients, set by a convection-diffusion mechanism. The device allows for stable gradients over several days and is large enough to study the behaviour of large cell aggregates. We observe that primary mature dendritic cells respond uniformly to homogeneous diffusion gradients, while cell behaviour is highly position-dependent in spatially variable convection-diffusion gradients. In addition, we demonstrate a directed response of cancer cells migrating away from tumour-like aggregates in the presence of soluble chemokine gradients. Together, this microfluidic device is a powerful system to observe the response of different cells and aggregates to tuneable chemical gradients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koceila Aizel
- Laboratoire Colloïdes et Matériaux Divisés, CNRS UMR 8231, Chemistry Biology & Innovation, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, 10 rue Vauquelin, F-75005 Paris, France.
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93
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Del Amo C, Borau C, Movilla N, Asín J, García-Aznar JM. Quantifying 3D chemotaxis in microfluidic-based chips with step gradients of collagen hydrogel concentrations. Integr Biol (Camb) 2017; 9:339-349. [PMID: 28300261 DOI: 10.1039/c7ib00022g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cell migration is an essential process involved in crucial stages of tissue formation, regeneration or immune function as well as in pathological processes including tumor development or metastasis. During the last few years, the effect of gradients of soluble molecules on cell migration has been widely studied, and complex systems have been used to analyze cell behavior under simultaneous mechano-chemical stimuli. Most of these chemotactic assays have, however, focused on specific substrates in 2D. The aim of the present work is to develop a novel microfluidic-based chip that allows the long-term chemoattractant effect of growth factors (GFs) on 3D cell migration to be studied, while also providing the possibility to analyze the influence of the interface generated between different adjacent hydrogels. Namely, 1.5, 2, 2.5 and 4 mg ml-1 concentrations of collagen type I were alternatively combined with 5, 10 or 50 ng ml-1 concentrations of PDGF and VEGF (as a negative control). To achieve this goal, we have designed a new microfluidic device including three adjacent chambers to introduce hydrogels that allow the generation of a collagen concentration step gradient. This versatile and simple platform was tested by using dermal human fibroblasts embedded in 3D collagen matrices. Images taken over a week were processed to quantify the number of cells in each zone. We found, in terms of cell distribution, that the presence of PDGF, especially in small concentrations, was a strong chemoattractant for dermal human fibroblasts across the gels regardless of their collagen concentration and step gradient direction, whereas the effects of VEGF or collagen step gradient concentrations alone were negligible.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Del Amo
- Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
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94
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Pezzulo G, Levin M. Top-down models in biology: explanation and control of complex living systems above the molecular level. J R Soc Interface 2017; 13:rsif.2016.0555. [PMID: 27807271 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2016.0555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
It is widely assumed in developmental biology and bioengineering that optimal understanding and control of complex living systems follows from models of molecular events. The success of reductionism has overshadowed attempts at top-down models and control policies in biological systems. However, other fields, including physics, engineering and neuroscience, have successfully used the explanations and models at higher levels of organization, including least-action principles in physics and control-theoretic models in computational neuroscience. Exploiting the dynamic regulation of pattern formation in embryogenesis and regeneration requires new approaches to understand how cells cooperate towards large-scale anatomical goal states. Here, we argue that top-down models of pattern homeostasis serve as proof of principle for extending the current paradigm beyond emergence and molecule-level rules. We define top-down control in a biological context, discuss the examples of how cognitive neuroscience and physics exploit these strategies, and illustrate areas in which they may offer significant advantages as complements to the mainstream paradigm. By targeting system controls at multiple levels of organization and demystifying goal-directed (cybernetic) processes, top-down strategies represent a roadmap for using the deep insights of other fields for transformative advances in regenerative medicine and systems bioengineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Pezzulo
- Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Michael Levin
- Biology Department, Allen Discovery Center at Tufts, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
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95
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Barata D, Spennati G, Correia C, Ribeiro N, Harink B, van Blitterswijk C, Habibovic P, van Rijt S. Development of a shear stress-free microfluidic gradient generator capable of quantitatively analyzing single-cell morphology. Biomed Microdevices 2017; 19:81. [PMID: 28884359 PMCID: PMC5589786 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-017-0222-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidics, the science of engineering fluid streams at the micrometer scale, offers unique tools for creating and controlling gradients of soluble compounds. Gradient generation can be used to recreate complex physiological microenvironments, but is also useful for screening purposes. For example, in a single experiment, adherent cells can be exposed to a range of concentrations of the compound of interest, enabling high-content analysis of cell behaviour and enhancing throughput. In this study, we present the development of a microfluidic screening platform where, by means of diffusion, gradients of soluble compounds can be generated and sustained. This platform enables the culture of adherent cells under shear stress-free conditions, and their exposure to a soluble compound in a concentration gradient-wise manner. The platform consists of five serial cell culture chambers, all coupled to two lateral fluid supply channels that are used for gradient generation through a source-sink mechanism. Furthermore, an additional inlet and outlet are used for cell seeding inside the chambers. Finite element modeling was used for the optimization of the design of the platform and for validation of the dynamics of gradient generation. Then, as a proof-of-concept, human osteosarcoma MG-63 cells were cultured inside the platform and exposed to a gradient of Cytochalasin D, an actin polymerization inhibitor. This set-up allowed us to analyze cell morphological changes over time, including cell area and eccentricity measurements, as a function of Cytochalasin D concentration by using fluorescence image-based cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Barata
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands.,Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200, MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Giulia Spennati
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Cristina Correia
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Nelson Ribeiro
- Instituto de Engenharia Mecânica, Laboratório Associado de Energia, Transportes e Aeronáutica, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Björn Harink
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Clemens van Blitterswijk
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands.,Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200, MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Pamela Habibovic
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands.,Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200, MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sabine van Rijt
- Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200, MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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96
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Bang S, Lee SR, Ko J, Son K, Tahk D, Ahn J, Im C, Jeon NL. A Low Permeability Microfluidic Blood-Brain Barrier Platform with Direct Contact between Perfusable Vascular Network and Astrocytes. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8083. [PMID: 28808270 PMCID: PMC5556097 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07416-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel three dimensional blood brain barrier (BBB) platform was developed by independently supplying different types of media to separate cell types within a single device. One channel (vascular channel, VC) is connected to the inner lumen of the vascular network while the other supplies media to the neural cells (neural channel, NC). Compared to co-cultures supplied with only one type of medium (or 1:1 mixture), best barrier properties and viability were obtained with culturing HUVECs with endothelial growth medium (EGM) and neural cells with neurobasal medium supplemented with fetal bovine serum (NBMFBS) independently. The measured vascular network permeability were comparable to reported in vivo values (20 kDa FITC-dextran, 0.45 ± 0.11 × 10−6 cm/s; 70 kDa FITC-dextran, 0.36 ± 0.05 × 10−6 cm/s) and a higher degree of neurovascular interfacing (astrocytic contact with the vascular network, GFAP-CD31 stain overlap) and presence of synapses (stained with synaptophysin). The BBB platform can dependably imitate the perivascular network morphology and synaptic structures characteristic of the NVU. This microfluidic BBB model can find applications in screening pharmaceuticals that target the brain for in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seokyoung Bang
- Division of WCU (World Class University) Multiscale Mechanical Design, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung-Ryeol Lee
- Division of WCU (World Class University) Multiscale Mechanical Design, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jihoon Ko
- Division of WCU (World Class University) Multiscale Mechanical Design, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyungmin Son
- Division of WCU (World Class University) Multiscale Mechanical Design, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dongha Tahk
- Division of WCU (World Class University) Multiscale Mechanical Design, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jungho Ahn
- Division of WCU (World Class University) Multiscale Mechanical Design, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Changkyun Im
- BK21 Plus Transformative Training Program for Creative Mechanical Engineers, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Noo Li Jeon
- Division of WCU (World Class University) Multiscale Mechanical Design, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea. .,Institute of Advanced Machinery and Design, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
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97
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Kim M, Lim JW, Lee SK, Kim T. Nanoscale Hydrodynamic Film for Diffusive Mass Transport Control in Compartmentalized Microfluidic Chambers. Anal Chem 2017; 89:10286-10295. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b01966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Minseok Kim
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Won Lim
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Kuk Lee
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Taesung Kim
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
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98
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Shakeri A, Sun N, Badv M, Didar TF. Generating 2-dimensional concentration gradients of biomolecules using a simple microfluidic design. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2017; 11:044111. [PMID: 28852431 PMCID: PMC5552394 DOI: 10.1063/1.4991550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
This study reports a microfluidic device for generating 2-dimensional concentration gradients of biomolecules along the width and length of a chamber and conventional 1-dimensional gradients along the width of its lateral parallel channels. The gradient profile can be precisely controlled by the applied flow rate. The proposed design is simple and straightforward, has a small footprint size compared to previously reported devices such as tree-shape designs, and for the first time, provides capability of generating desired 2D and 1D gradients, simultaneously. The finite element simulation analysis proves the feasibility of the microfluidic device, and the fluorescently labelled IgG antibody is used to demonstrate generated chemical gradients. This simple microfluidic device can be implemented for a wide range of high-throughput concentration gradient applications such as chemotaxis, drug screening, and organs-on-chips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amid Shakeri
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Nick Sun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Maryam Badv
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
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99
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Kaneda S, Kawada J, Akutsu H, Ichida J, Ikeuchi Y, Fujii T. Compartmentalized embryoid body culture for induction of spatially patterned differentiation. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2017; 11:041101. [PMID: 28852428 PMCID: PMC5552387 DOI: 10.1063/1.4994989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We developed a compartmentalized culture system of single embryoid bodies (EBs) utilizing a through-hole on a membrane to induce spatially patterned differentiation. An EB derived from mouse pluripotent stem cells was immobilized on the through-hole. By introducing a stem cell maintenance medium and a differentiation medium into upper and lower culture compartments, respectively, a localized differentiated state was achieved only in the lower part of EB, which is exposed to the medium in the lower compartment. This system may enable us to reconstruct complex tissues and to recapitulate developmental processes using EBs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jiro Kawada
- Center for International Research on Integrative Biomedical Systems, Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidenori Akutsu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Centre for Regenerative Medicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Teruo Fujii
- Center for International Research on Integrative Biomedical Systems, Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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100
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Electroceutical Approach for Impairing the Motility of Pathogenic Bacterium Using a Microfluidic Platform. MICROMACHINES 2017; 8:mi8070207. [PMID: 30400398 PMCID: PMC6189992 DOI: 10.3390/mi8070207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Electrotaxis, or galvanotaxis, refers to the migration pattern of cells induced in response to electrical potential. Electrotaxis has not been explored in detail in bacterial cells; information regarding the impact of current on pathogenic bacteria is severely lacking. Using microfluidic platforms and optical microscopy, we designed a series of single- and multi-cue experiments to assess the impact of varying electrical currents and acetic acid concentrations on bacterial motility dynamics in pathogenic multi-drug resistant (MDR) strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. The use of the microfluidic platform allows for single-cue experiments where electrical current is supplied at a range that is biocidal to bacteria and multi-cue experiments where acetic acid is combined with current to enhance disinfection. These strategies may offer substantial therapeutic benefits, specifically for the treatment of biofilm infections, such as those found in the wound environment. Our results showed that an application of current in combination with acetic acid has profound inhibitory effects on MDR strains of P. aeruginosa and E. coli, even with brief applications. Specifically, E. coli motility dynamics and cell survival were significantly impaired starting at a concentration of 0.125 mA of direct current (DC) and 0.31% acetic acid, while P. aeruginosa was impaired at 0.70 mA and 0.31% acetic acid. As these strains are relevant wound pathogens, it is likely that this strategy would be effective against similar strains in vivo and could represent a new approach to hasten wound healing.
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