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The association of TNF-α -308G/A and -238G/A polymorphisms with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:221417. [PMID: 31803921 PMCID: PMC6923338 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20191301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is involved in insulin resistance and has long been a candidate gene implicated in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), however the association between TNF-α polymorphisms -308G/A and -238G/A and T2DM remains controversial. The present study sought to verify associations between these polymorphisms and T2DM susceptibility using a meta-analysis approach. A total of 49 case-control studies were selected up to October 2018. Statistical analyses were performed by STATA 15.0 software. The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated to estimate associations. Meta-analyses revealed significant associations between TNF-α -308G/A and T2DM in the allele model (P=0.000); the dominant model (P=0.000); the recessive model (P=0.001); the overdominant model (P=0.008) and the codominant model (P=0.000). Subgroup analyses also showed associations in the allele model (P=0.006); the dominant model (P=0.004) and the overdominant model (P=0.005) in the Caucasian and in the allele model (P=0.007); the dominant model (P=0.014); the recessive model (P=0.000) and the codominant model (P=0.000) in the Asian. There were no associations between TNF-α -238G/A and T2DM in the overall and subgroup populations. Meta-regression, sensitivity analysis and publication bias analysis confirmed that results and data were statistically robust. Our meta-analysis suggests that TNF-α -308G/A is a risk factor for T2DM in Caucasian and Asian populations. It also indicates that TNF-α -238G/A may not be a risk factor for T2DM. More comprehensive studies will be required to confirm these associations.
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Chan H, Bhide KP, Vaidyam A, Hedrick V, Sobreira TJP, Sors TG, Grant RW, Aryal UK. Proteomic Analysis of 3T3-L1 Adipocytes Treated with Insulin and TNF-α. Proteomes 2019; 7:35. [PMID: 31635166 PMCID: PMC6958341 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes7040035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance is an indication of early stage Type 2 diabetes (T2D). Insulin resistant adipose tissues contain higher levels of insulin than the physiological level, as well as higher amounts of intracellular tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and other cytokines. However, the mechanism of insulin resistance remains poorly understood. To better understand the roles played by insulin and TNF-α in insulin resistance, we performed proteomic analysis of differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes treated with insulin (Ins), TNF-α (TNF), and both (Ins + TNF). Out of the 693 proteins identified, the abundances of 78 proteins were significantly different (p < 0.05). Carnitine parmitoyltransferase-2 (CPT2), acetyl CoA carboxylase 1 (ACCAC-1), ethylmalonyl CoA decarboxylase (ECHD1), and methylmalonyl CoA isomerase (MCEE), enzymes required for fatty acid β-oxidation and respiratory electron transport, and β-glucuronidase, an enzyme responsible for the breakdown of complex carbohydrates, were down-regulated in all the treatment groups, compared to the control group. In contrast, superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), and glutathione reductase, which are the proteins responsible for cytoskeletal structure, protein folding, degradation, and oxidative stress responses, were up-regulated. This suggests higher oxidative stress in cells treated with Ins, TNF, or both. We proposed a conceptual metabolic pathway impacted by the treatments and their possible link to insulin resistance or T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley Chan
- Department of Computer Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Ketaki P Bhide
- College of Agriculture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Aditya Vaidyam
- Department of Computer Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Victoria Hedrick
- Purdue Proteomics Facility, Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | | | - Thomas G Sors
- Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Ryan W Grant
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Uma K Aryal
- Purdue Proteomics Facility, Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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Wang X, Jiang H, Zhang N, Cai C, Li G, Hao J, Yu G. Anti-diabetic activities of agaropectin-derived oligosaccharides from Gloiopeltis furcata via regulation of mitochondrial function. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 229:115482. [PMID: 31826412 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate whether agaropectin-derived oligosaccharides from Gloiopeltis furcata (SAOs) exert an anti-diabetic effect in sodium palmitate (PA)-induced insulin resistant HepG2 cells. We found that SAOs were co-localized with mitochondria and regulated mitochondrial function. SAOs reduced respiratory chain activities, which led to reduced respiratory oxygen consumption and increased the cellular ADP/ATP ratio in a certain degree of dose-dependent manner. Thus, SAOs alleviated the oxidative stress state in PA-treated cells and, moreover, concurrently regulated the ROS-JNK-IRS-1 pathway. As a result, SAOs enhanced insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism by activating the IRS-1-AKT-GSK-3β-GS pathway. Additionally, SAOs activated AMPK through both PKA-LKB1 and mitochondrial-regulated energy metabolism pathways. Therefore, SAOs decreased accumulation of lipids and improved lipid metabolism via regulating HMGCR, ACC and SREBP-1 proteins in HepG2 cells. Taken together, we conclude that SAOs could significantly ameliorate diabetic states in vitro via regulating mitochondria and their downstream signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueliang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Hao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Chao Cai
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Guoyun Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Jiejie Hao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237, China.
| | - Guangli Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237, China.
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Alsebaey A, Elhelbawy M. Insulin resistance is not a risk factor for oesophageal varices development in hepatitis C. Trop Doct 2019. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1177/0049475519863231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis C (HCV) patients commonly have insulin resistance which is a risk factor for disease progression. Oesophageal varices may bleed with high mortality. We aimed to assess the relationship between insulin resistance and oesophageal varices. HCV-related compensated liver cirrhosis patients (n = 146) underwent gastroscopy and homeostasis model assessment (HOMA)-IR, HOMA-β and HOMA-S calculations. Their average age was 54.98 years; most (84.9%) patients were men and non-diabetic (60.3%). Patients with oesophageal varices had higher median Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) scores and comparable Child-Pugh class. Patients with and without oesophageal varices had comparable ( P > 0.05) HOMA scores and insulin resistance percentage of 82.9% versus 85.5%. We therefore conclude that insulin resistance is unrelated to the presence of oesophageal varices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman Alsebaey
- Associate Professor, Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebeen El-Koom, Egypt
| | - Mostafa Elhelbawy
- Lecturer, Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebeen El-Koom, Egypt
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Alsebaey A, Elhelbawy M. Insulin resistance is not a risk factor for oesophageal varices development in hepatitis C. Trop Doct 2019. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0049475519863231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis C (HCV) patients commonly have insulin resistance which is a risk factor for disease progression. Oesophageal varices may bleed with high mortality. We aimed to assess the relationship between insulin resistance and oesophageal varices. HCV-related compensated liver cirrhosis patients (n = 146) underwent gastroscopy and homeostasis model assessment (HOMA)-IR, HOMA-β and HOMA-S calculations. Their average age was 54.98 years; most (84.9%) patients were men and non-diabetic (60.3%). Patients with oesophageal varices had higher median Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) scores and comparable Child-Pugh class. Patients with and without oesophageal varices had comparable ( P > 0.05) HOMA scores and insulin resistance percentage of 82.9% versus 85.5%. We therefore conclude that insulin resistance is unrelated to the presence of oesophageal varices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman Alsebaey
- Associate Professor, Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebeen El-Koom, Egypt
| | - Mostafa Elhelbawy
- Lecturer, Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebeen El-Koom, Egypt
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Association between cardiovascular risk factors and triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein ratio: a single-center experience. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 4:e196-e200. [PMID: 31538124 PMCID: PMC6749181 DOI: 10.5114/amsad.2019.87301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Introduction We aimed to investigate associations between triglycerides (Tg)/high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and age, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP), fasting blood glucose (FBG), and smoking in patients without diabetes mellitus. Material and methods The study included 91 patients between 18 and 65 years old age, with no diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. Laboratory parameters of Tg, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), HDL cholesterol, FBG, BMI (kg/m2), WC (cm), SBP and DBP (mm Hg), smoking status, and demographic data were collected from patients' electronic records. Patients whose Tg/HDL was under 3 were grouped as group A; those whose ratio was over 3 were grouped as group B. Results The mean age, BMI, WC, SBP, and DBP were higher in the group in which Tg/HDL was higher. Although total cigarette exposure and FBG were higher in group B, the difference between the 2 groups was not statistically significant. Tg/HDL was positively correlated with BMI and positively correlated with WC in correlation analyses. It was observed that every 1-point increase in BMI caused a 0.1-point increase in Tg/HDL and smoking caused a 1.09-point increase in Tg/HDL in multivariate regression analysis. Conclusions The WC, BMI, SBP, and DBP are higher in the group in which Tg/HDL is higher. Further, high BMI and smoking are also related to high Tg/HDL in our study.Key words: smoking, body mass index, triglyceride, waist circumference, HDL cholesterol.
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Alsebaey A, Elhelbawy M, Abdel-Razek W, Hashim M, Elshenawy H, Waked I. HCV treatment with direct acting antivirals improves the insulin sensitivity. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2019. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14787210.2019.1653184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayman Alsebaey
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebeen Elkoom, Egypt
| | - Mostafa Elhelbawy
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebeen Elkoom, Egypt
| | - Wael Abdel-Razek
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebeen Elkoom, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Hashim
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebeen Elkoom, Egypt
| | - Hassan Elshenawy
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebeen Elkoom, Egypt
| | - Imam Waked
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebeen Elkoom, Egypt
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Alsebaey A, Elhelbawy M, Abdel-Razek W, Hashim M, Elshenawy H, Waked I. HCV treatment with direct acting antivirals improves the insulin sensitivity. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2019. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1080/14787210.2019.1653184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayman Alsebaey
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebeen Elkoom, Egypt
| | - Mostafa Elhelbawy
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebeen Elkoom, Egypt
| | - Wael Abdel-Razek
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebeen Elkoom, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Hashim
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebeen Elkoom, Egypt
| | - Hassan Elshenawy
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebeen Elkoom, Egypt
| | - Imam Waked
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebeen Elkoom, Egypt
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Alsebaey A, Elhelbawy M, Abdel-Razek W, Hashim M, Elshenawy H, Waked I. HCV treatment with direct acting antivirals improves the insulin sensitivity. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2019; 17:749-754. [PMID: 31393188 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2019.1653184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background: There is strong link between hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and the insulin resistance panel. Homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) β is an indirect measurement of insulin secretion from pancreatic β cells, while HOMA-S accounts for insulin sensitivity. Aim: We examined the impact of HCV treatment with direct acting antivirals (DAAs) on HOMA-β and HOMA-S results. Methods: HOMA-IR, HOMA-β, and HOMA-S were calculated before and 12 weeks after treatment in 511 treatment eligible patients with HCV. Five DAA treatment protocols were used. Values before and after treatment were compared. Results: The mean age of patients was 50.63 years with a 3.2:1 male: female ratio. A total of 29.7% of patients were treatment experienced and 24.7% had diabetes. HCV sustained virological response (SVR) was achieved in 91% of patients. Unlike non-responders, SVR patients showed significantly decreased post-treatment HOMA-Β. Delta HOMA-Β was comparable between groups. HOMA-S increased significantly in patients with SVR compared to in non-responders, as did delta HOMA-S. HOMA-S and HOMA-β improved significantly under 5 and 2 DAA protocols, respectively. The treatment status did not affect the HOMA-β and S dynamics during treatment. Conclusions: Insulin sensitivity improved markedly in patients who achieved HCV SVR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman Alsebaey
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University , Shebeen Elkoom , Egypt
| | - Mostafa Elhelbawy
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University , Shebeen Elkoom , Egypt
| | - Wael Abdel-Razek
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University , Shebeen Elkoom , Egypt
| | - Mohammed Hashim
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University , Shebeen Elkoom , Egypt
| | - Hassan Elshenawy
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University , Shebeen Elkoom , Egypt
| | - Imam Waked
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University , Shebeen Elkoom , Egypt
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Alsebaey A, Elhelbawy M. Insulin resistance is not a risk factor for oesophageal varices development in hepatitis C. Trop Doct 2019; 49:281-285. [PMID: 31296148 DOI: 10.1177/0049475519863231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis C (HCV) patients commonly have insulin resistance which is a risk factor for disease progression. Oesophageal varices may bleed with high mortality. We aimed to assess the relationship between insulin resistance and oesophageal varices. HCV-related compensated liver cirrhosis patients (n = 146) underwent gastroscopy and homeostasis model assessment (HOMA)-IR, HOMA-β and HOMA-S calculations. Their average age was 54.98 years; most (84.9%) patients were men and non-diabetic (60.3%). Patients with oesophageal varices had higher median Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) scores and comparable Child-Pugh class. Patients with and without oesophageal varices had comparable (P > 0.05) HOMA scores and insulin resistance percentage of 82.9% versus 85.5%. We therefore conclude that insulin resistance is unrelated to the presence of oesophageal varices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman Alsebaey
- Associate Professor, Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebeen El-Koom, Egypt
| | - Mostafa Elhelbawy
- Lecturer, Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebeen El-Koom, Egypt
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Marsico F, Gargiulo P, Marra AM, Parente A, Paolillo S. Glucose Metabolism Abnormalities in Heart Failure Patients. Heart Fail Clin 2019; 15:333-340. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hfc.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Tagi VM, Giannini C, Chiarelli F. Insulin Resistance in Children. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:342. [PMID: 31214120 PMCID: PMC6558106 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) is a pathological condition strongly associated with obesity. However, corticosteroids or growth hormone therapy and genetic diseases may affect insulin sensitivity lifelong. In obese children and adolescents of any age there is an evident association between IR and an increased prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and other elements contributing to the metabolic syndrome, leading to a higher cardiovascular risk. Therefore, early diagnosis and interventions in the attempt to prevent T2D when glycemia values are still normal is fundamental. The gold standard technique used to evaluate IR is the hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp, however it is costly and difficult to perform in clinical and research sets. Therefore, several surrogate markers have been proposed. Although the treatment of insulin resistance in children is firstly targeted to lifestyle interventions, in selected cases the integration of a pharmacological intervention might be taken into consideration. The aim of this review is to present the current knowledge on IR in children, starting with an outline of the recent evidences about the congenital forms of deficiency in insulin functioning and therefore focusing on the physiopathology of IR, its appropriate measurement, consequences, treatment options and prevention strategies.
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Jayanthi R, Srinivasan AR. "Sex hormone independent associations between insulin resistance and thyroid status -a gender based biochemical study on clinically euthyroid non-obese, overweight and obese type 2 diabetics''. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2019; 13:2286-2291. [PMID: 31235170 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2019.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM Studies indicate that type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) might contribute to the development of thyroid disorders (TD). However, few gender based reports are available describing therelationship between T2DM and TD in clinically euthyroid, anthropometry specified groups of type 2 diabetics. The aim of this study was to relategender based biochemical changes in anthropometry specified, clinically euthyroid type 2 diabetics. METHODOLOGY The study was carried out on clinically euthyroid type 2 diabetics (male n = 269; female n = 301) at a tertiary health care unit in Pondicherry, South India. Three groups were segregatedbased on Body mass Index: 153 non-obese type 2 diabetics (BMI = 18.5-24.99), 291 overweight type 2 diabetics (BMI = 25-29.99) and 126 obese type 2 diabetics (BMI ≥ 30). Biochemical parameters included glycated hemoglobin, insulin resistance, Cortisol and Thyroid profile. RESULTS The study had included clinically euthyroid type 2 diabetics (52.8% females and 47.2% males). Statistically significant associationsweredifferently observed between insulin resistance (dependent variable) andother independent variables, irrespective of sex hormone status. Total protein was negatively related in non -obese male type 2 diabetics (R = 0.780); Triiodothyronine was inversely associated in overweight males, whereas cortisol and the divalent cations (Zinc and Magnesium) depicted positive association (R = 0.555) in the same group (overweight), butcortisol in non -obese female type 2 diabeticswas negative (R = 0.742); Glycated hemoglobin and calcium exhibited positive relationshipin obese type 2 female diabetics (R = 0.771).. CONCLUSION Our study has revealed distinctive relationship between T2DM and TD in the anthropometry specified, clinically euthyroid and gender based type 2 diabetics, independent of the sex hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendran Jayanthi
- Department of Biochemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College & Research Institute, Sri BalajiVidyapeeth (Deemed to be University Accredited with A Grade by NAAC), Pondicherry, 607402, India
| | - Abu Raghavan Srinivasan
- Department of Biochemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College & Research Institute, Sri BalajiVidyapeeth (Deemed to be University Accredited with A Grade by NAAC), Pondicherry, 607402, India.
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Popa ML, Popa AC, Tanase C, Gheorghisan-Galateanu AA. Acanthosis nigricans: To be or not to be afraid. Oncol Lett 2019; 17:4133-4138. [PMID: 30944606 PMCID: PMC6444334 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acanthosis nigricans (AN), a skin disorder with high prevalence, represents a dermatological condition with esthetic implications, but otherwise mild symptoms. For any clinician, it is in fact the tip of the iceberg, leading him/her to investigate what lies beneath the surface, since AN points to a systemic problem or disease: metabolic disorder (most frequently), endocrine syndrome, medication side effects, malignancy, and genetic factors. Sometimes, it is the first observed sign of a malignancy or of diabetes mellitus, especially in patients with chronic metabolic disorder; therefore, it is not to be taken lightly. The present review summarizes the information in literature regarding the etiopathogenesis of AN. We propose a new classification that aims to better organize the different types of AN, with implications on the extent and urgency of the investigation plan, as well as various therapeutic algorithms. Therapy options are also presented, both systemic treatments that target the underlying disease, and local ones for esthetic reasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Linda Popa
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Histology, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Biochemistry-Proteomics, ‘Victor Babes’ National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Cristiana Tanase
- Department of Biochemistry-Proteomics, ‘Victor Babes’ National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ancuta-Augustina Gheorghisan-Galateanu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Histology, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- ‘C.I. Parhon’ National Institute of Endocrinology, 001863 Bucharest, Romania
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Altered foetoplacental vascular endothelial signalling to insulin in diabesity. Mol Aspects Med 2019; 66:40-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Schrauben SJ, Jepson C, Hsu JY, Wilson FP, Zhang X, Lash JP, Robinson BM, Townsend RR, Chen J, Fogelfeld L, Kao P, Landis JR, Rader DJ, Hamm LL, Anderson AH, Feldman HI. Insulin resistance and chronic kidney disease progression, cardiovascular events, and death: findings from the chronic renal insufficiency cohort study. BMC Nephrol 2019; 20:60. [PMID: 30786864 PMCID: PMC6383235 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-019-1220-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin resistance contributes to the metabolic syndrome, which is associated with the development of kidney disease. However, it is unclear if insulin resistance independently contributes to an increased risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression or CKD complications. Additionally, predisposing factors responsible for insulin resistance in the absence of diabetes in CKD are not well described. This study aimed to describe factors associated with insulin resistance and characterize the relationship of insulin resistance to CKD progression, cardiovascular events and death among a cohort of non-diabetics with CKD. METHODS Data was utilized from Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort Study participants without diabetes (N = 1883). Linear regression was used to assess associations with insulin resistance, defined using the Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR). The relationship of HOMA-IR, fasting glucose, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and C-peptide with CKD progression, cardiovascular events, and all-cause mortality was examined with Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS Novel positive associations with HOMA-IR included serum albumin, uric acid, and hemoglobin A1c. After adjustment, HOMA-IR was not associated with CKD progression, cardiovascular events, or all-cause mortality. There was a notable positive association of one standard deviation increase in HbA1c with the cardiovascular endpoint (HR 1.16, 95% CI: 1.00-1.34). CONCLUSION We describe potential determinants of HOMA-IR among a cohort of non-diabetics with mild-moderate CKD. HOMA-IR was not associated with renal or cardiovascular events, or all-cause mortality, which adds to the growing literature describing an inconsistent relationship of insulin resistance with CKD-related outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Schrauben
- Division of Renal-Electrolyte and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19103, PA, USA. .,Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19103, USA.
| | - Christopher Jepson
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19103, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jesse Y Hsu
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19103, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - F Perry Wilson
- Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19103, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - James P Lash
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Bruce M Robinson
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI; Arbor Research Collaborative for Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Raymond R Townsend
- Division of Renal-Electrolyte and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19103, PA, USA
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Lousiana, USA
| | - Leon Fogelfeld
- Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Patricia Kao
- Deparment of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - J Richard Landis
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19103, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Daniel J Rader
- Division of Renal-Electrolyte and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19103, PA, USA
| | - L Lee Hamm
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Lousiana, USA
| | - Amanda H Anderson
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Tulane University, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Harold I Feldman
- Division of Renal-Electrolyte and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19103, PA, USA.,Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19103, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Ibáñez L, Oberfield SE, Witchel S, Auchus RJ, Chang RJ, Codner E, Dabadghao P, Darendeliler F, Elbarbary NS, Gambineri A, Garcia Rudaz C, Hoeger KM, López-Bermejo A, Ong K, Peña AS, Reinehr T, Santoro N, Tena-Sempere M, Tao R, Yildiz BO, Alkhayyat H, Deeb A, Joel D, Horikawa R, de Zegher F, Lee PA. An International Consortium Update: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome in Adolescence. Horm Res Paediatr 2018; 88:371-395. [PMID: 29156452 DOI: 10.1159/000479371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper represents an international collaboration of paediatric endocrine and other societies (listed in the Appendix) under the International Consortium of Paediatric Endocrinology (ICPE) aiming to improve worldwide care of adolescent girls with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)1. The manuscript examines pathophysiology and guidelines for the diagnosis and management of PCOS during adolescence. The complex pathophysiology of PCOS involves the interaction of genetic and epigenetic changes, primary ovarian abnormalities, neuroendocrine alterations, and endocrine and metabolic modifiers such as anti-Müllerian hormone, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, adiposity, and adiponectin levels. Appropriate diagnosis of adolescent PCOS should include adequate and careful evaluation of symptoms, such as hirsutism, severe acne, and menstrual irregularities 2 years beyond menarche, and elevated androgen levels. Polycystic ovarian morphology on ultrasound without hyperandrogenism or menstrual irregularities should not be used to diagnose adolescent PCOS. Hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, and obesity may be present in adolescents with PCOS, but are not considered to be diagnostic criteria. Treatment of adolescent PCOS should include lifestyle intervention, local therapies, and medications. Insulin sensitizers like metformin and oral contraceptive pills provide short-term benefits on PCOS symptoms. There are limited data on anti-androgens and combined therapies showing additive/synergistic actions for adolescents. Reproductive aspects and transition should be taken into account when managing adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Ibáñez
- Endocrinology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERDEM, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sharon E Oberfield
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, CUMC, New York-Presbyterian Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Selma Witchel
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - R Jeffrey Chang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Ethel Codner
- Institute of Maternal and Child Research, University of Chile, School of Medicine, Santiago, Chile
| | - Preeti Dabadghao
- Department of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | | | | | - Alessandra Gambineri
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cecilia Garcia Rudaz
- Division of Women, Youth and Children, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Kathleen M Hoeger
- Department of OBGYN, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Abel López-Bermejo
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Hospital de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain
| | - Ken Ong
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Alexia S Peña
- The University of Adelaide and Robinson Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Thomas Reinehr
- University of Witten/Herdecke, Vestische Kinder- und Jugendklinik, Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition Medicine, Datteln, Germany
| | - Nicola Santoro
- Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Rachel Tao
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, CUMC, New York-Presbyterian Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Bulent O Yildiz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Haya Alkhayyat
- Medical University of Bahrain, BDF Hospital, Riffa, Bahrein
| | - Asma Deeb
- Mafraq Hospital, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Dipesalema Joel
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Health, University of Botswana Teaching Hospital, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Reiko Horikawa
- Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Francis de Zegher
- Department Pediatrics, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter A Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
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Saber-Ayad M, Manzoor S, El Serafi A, Mahmoud I, Hammoudeh S, Rani A, Abusnana S, Sulaiman N. The FTO rs9939609 "A" allele is associated with impaired fasting glucose and insulin resistance in Emirati population. Gene 2018; 681:93-98. [PMID: 30273662 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.09.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fat mass and obesity-associated protein gene variants have shown diverse influence on body weight and metabolism across different populations. Overweight, obesity and metabolic syndrome are multifactorial major health problems in the UAE and worldwide. Insulin resistance represents the link between overweight and development of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus. We investigated two (FTO) variants in Emirati population, in relation to insulin resistance and different parameters of metabolic syndrome. METHODS We recruited 259 Emiratis through the UAE National Diabetes and Lifestyle Project. Ethical approval was obtained. Besides basic data collection, venous blood samples were collected. Fasting blood glucose, Lipid profile, and insulin levels were measured. Genotyping for (FTO) rs9939609 (A>T) and rs9930506 (G>A) were performed using real time-PCR. Insulin resistance were identified using HOMA2-IR calculation; with a cut-off point of 1.4 for female and 1.18 for male subjects. RESULTS The study included 259 Emiratis (age range 30-53 years, mean 41.76 years, 54.4% females), 24.5% are diabetic and 30.8% are hypertensive, with body mass index of 28.4 ± 5.9 and 28.7 ± 5.7 kg/m2 in female and male subjects, respectively. Homozygous A of rs9939609 showed significantly higher fasting glucose compared to other genotypes (p = 0.04) with a trend of higher insulin level and HOMA-2IR. The A/A diabetic patients (n = 13) showed significantly higher insulin levels compared to other genotypes. G allele of rs9930506 showed a trend of higher fasting glucose and HOMA-2IR, but lower insulin level and HbA1c. No association of genotypes was detected with other components of metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSION There is an association of FTO rs9939609 A/A genotype and impaired fasting glucose and insulin resistance. Homozygous A genotype diabetic patients may be more vulnerable to blood glucose fluctuation. Focused genotyping can help the health care providers to identify high risk groups of both normal population and diabetic patients to intervene accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Saber-Ayad
- College of Medicine, Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; College of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.
| | - Shaista Manzoor
- College of Medicine, Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahmed El Serafi
- College of Medicine, Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; College of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim Mahmoud
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sarah Hammoudeh
- College of Medicine, Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Aghila Rani
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Salah Abusnana
- College of Medicine, Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nabil Sulaiman
- College of Medicine, Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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Haynes BA, Huyck RW, James AJ, Carter ME, Gaafar OU, Day M, Pinto A, Dobrian AD. Isolation, Expansion, and Adipogenic Induction of CD34+CD31+ Endothelial Cells from Human Omental and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 30080200 DOI: 10.3791/57804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is accompanied by an extensive remodeling of adipose tissue primarily via adipocyte hypertrophy. Extreme adipocyte growth results in a poor response to insulin, local hypoxia, and inflammation. By stimulating the differentiation of functional white adipocytes from progenitors, radical hypertrophy of the adipocyte population can be prevented and, consequently, the metabolic health of adipose tissue can be improved along with a reduction of inflammation. Also, by stimulating a differentiation of beige/brown adipocytes, the total body energy expenditure can be increased, resulting in weight loss. This approach could prevent the development of obesity co-morbidities such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. This paper describes the isolation, expansion, and differentiation of white and beige adipocytes from a subset of human adipose tissue endothelial cells that co-express the CD31 and CD34 markers. The method is relatively cheap and is not labor-intensive. It requires access to human adipose tissue and the subcutaneous depot is suitable for sampling. For this protocol, fresh adipose tissue samples from morbidly obese subjects [body mass index (BMI) >35] are collected during bariatric surgery procedures. Using a sequential immunoseparation from the stromal vascular fraction, enough cells are produced from as little as 2-3 g of fat. These cells can be expanded in culture over 10-14 days, can be cryopreserved, and retain their adipogenic properties with passaging up to passage 5-6. The cells are treated for 14 days with an adipogenic cocktail using a combination of human insulin and the PPARγ agonist-rosiglitazone. This methodology can be used for obtaining proof of concept experiments on molecular mechanisms that drive adipogenic responses in adipose endothelial cells, or for screening new drugs that can enhance the adipogenic response directed either towards white or beige/brown adipocyte differentiation. Using small subcutaneous biopsies, this methodology can be used to screen out non-responder subjects for clinical trials aimed to stimulate beige/brown and white adipocytes for the treatment of obesity and co-morbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bronson A Haynes
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School
| | - Ryan W Huyck
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School
| | - Ashley J James
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School
| | - Meghan E Carter
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School
| | - Omnia U Gaafar
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School
| | - Marjorie Day
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School
| | - Avennette Pinto
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School
| | - Anca D Dobrian
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School;
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Helicobacter pylori and Risk of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Clin Gastroenterol 2018; 52:386-391. [PMID: 28098578 DOI: 10.1097/mcg.0000000000000784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is the most common chronic bacterial infection. Patients with H. pylori infection may be at an increased risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) because of chronic inflammation and insulin resistance. Several epidemiologic studies attempting to determine this risk have yielded inconsistent results. This meta-analysis was conducted with the aims to summarize all available evidence and estimate the risk of NAFLD in patients with H. pylori infection. METHODS A literature search was performed using MEDLINE and EMBASE database from inception to June 2016. Studies that reported relative risks, odd ratios, or hazard ratios comparing the risk of NAFLD among patients with H. pylori infection versus without H. pylori infection were included. Pooled odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using a random-effect, generic inverse variance method. RESULTS Six studies met our eligibility criteria and were included in this analysis. We found a statistically significant increased risk of NAFLD among patients with H. pylori infection with the pooled odds ratios of 1.21 (95% confidence interval, 1.07-1.37). The statistical heterogeneity was low with an I of 49%. CONCLUSIONS A significantly increased risk of NAFLD among patients with H. pylori infection was demonstrated in this meta-analysis. Further studies are required to clarify how this risk should be addressed in clinical practice.
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71
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Ingenbleek Y. The Retinol Circulating Complex Releases Hormonal Ligands During Acute Stress Disorders. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:487. [PMID: 30233492 PMCID: PMC6131608 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Intensive care workers actively participate in very hot debates aiming at defining the true metabolic, hormonal and nutritional requirements of critically ill patients, the contributory roles played by thyroid and retinoid ligands being largely underestimated. The present article makes up for redressing the balance on behalf of these last hormonal compounds. The retinol circulating complex is transported in the bloodstream in the form of a trimolecular edifice made up of transthyretin (TTR), retinol-binding protein (RBP) and its retinol ligand. TTR reflects the size of the lean body mass (LBM) and is one of the 3 carrier-proteins of thyroid hormones whereas RBP is the sole conveyor of retinol in human plasma. In acute inflammatory disorders, both TTR and RBP analytes experience abrupt cytokine-induced suppressed hepatic synthesis whose amplitude is dependent on the duration and severity of the inflammatory burden. The steep drop in TTR and RBP plasma values releases thyroxine and retinol ligands in their physiologically active forms, creating free pools estimated to be 10-20 times larger than those described in healthy subjects. The peak endocrine influence is reached on day 4 and the freed ligands undergo instant cellular overconsumption and urinary leakage of unmetabolized fractions. As a result of these transient hyperthyroid and hyperretinoid states, helpful stimulatory and/or inhibitory processes are set in motion, operating as second frontlines fine-tuning the impulses primarily initiated by cytokines. The data explain why preexisting protein malnutrition, as assessed by subnormal LBM and TTR values, impairs the development of appropriate recovery processes in critically ill patients. These findings have survival implications, emphasizing the need for more adapted therapeutic strategies in intensive care units.
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Lee SJ, Shin NH, Jeong JS, Kim ET, Lee SK, Lee ID, Lee SS. Effects of Gelidium amansii extracts on in vitro ruminal fermentation characteristics, methanogenesis, and microbial populations. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2018; 31:71-79. [PMID: 29295611 PMCID: PMC5756926 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.17.0619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gelidium amansii (Lamouroux) is a red alga belonging to the family Gelidaceae and is commonly found in the shallow coasts of many East Asian countries, including Korea, China, and Japan. G. amansii has traditionally been utilized as an edible alga, and has various biological activities. The objective of this study was to determine whether dietary supplementation of G. amansii could be useful for improving ruminal fermentation. METHODS As assessed by in vitro fermentation parameters such as pH, total gas, volatile fatty acid (VFA) production, gas profile (methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, and ammonia), and microbial growth rate was compared to a basal diet with timothy hay. Cannulated Holstein cows were used as rumen fluid donors and 15 mL rumen fluid: buffer (1:2) was incubated for up to 72 h with four treatments with three replicates. The treatments were: control (timothy only), basal diet with 1% G. amansii extract, basal diet with 3% G. amansii extract, and basal diet with 5% G. amansii extract. RESULTS Overall, the results of our study indicate that G. amansii supplementation is potentially useful for improving ruminant growth performance, via increased total gas and VFA production, but does come with some undesirable effects, such as increasing pH, ammonia concentration, and methane production. In particular, real-time polymerase chain reaction indicated that the methanogenic archaea and Fibrobacter succinogenes populations were significantly reduced, while the Ruminococcus flavefaciens populations were significantly increased at 24 h, when supplemented with G. amansii extracts as compared with controls. CONCLUSION More research is required to elucidate what G. amansii supplementation can do to improve growth performance, and its effect on methane production in ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Ja Lee
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science and University-Centered Labs, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Nyeon Hak Shin
- Livestock Experiment Station, Gyeongsangnamdo Livestock Promotion Research Institute, Sancheong 52733, Korea
| | - Jin Suk Jeong
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 program) and Institute of Agriculture & Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Eun Tae Kim
- National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Cheonan 31000, Korea
| | - Su Kyoung Lee
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science and University-Centered Labs, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Il Dong Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Sung Sill Lee
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science and University-Centered Labs, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 program) and Institute of Agriculture & Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
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Aguirre LG, Urrunaga-Pastor D, Moncada-Mapelli E, Guarnizo-Poma M, Lazaro-Alcantara H, Benites-Zapata VA. High serum ferritin levels are associated with insulin resistance but not with impaired glucose tolerance in a healthy people population. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2017; 11 Suppl 2:S983-S988. [PMID: 28755842 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2017.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To assess the association between elevated serum ferritin levels and the presence of insulin resistance (IR) or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) in a population of individuals with no endocrine or metabolic disorders background. METHODS Analytical cross-sectional study, carried out in adults of both sexes with no medical history of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) or other metabolic or endocrine disorder, who attended the outpatient service of a private clinic in Lima-Peru during 2012-2014 period. Impaired serum ferritin levels were defined as serum ferritin values >300μg/L in men and >200μg/L in women. IR was defined as a Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA-IR) value ≥3.8 and IGT was defined as an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) value between 126mg/dL and 199mg/dL. The reported association measure was the prevalence ratio (PR) with their respective 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). RESULTS We analyzed 213 participants, the average age was 35.8±11.1years and 35.7% were males. The prevalence of impaired serum ferritin levels, IR and IGT in the population was 12.7%, 33.3% and 9.9% respectively. In the adjusted Poisson regression models, the prevalence of IR was higher among the group with impaired serum ferritin levels (PR=1.74; 95%CI:1.18-2.56); however, we found no association between impaired serum ferritin levels and IGT (PR=1.42; 95%CI:0.47-4.30). CONCLUSIONS Impaired levels of serum ferritin are associated with IR, nevertheless, not with IGT in a metabolically healthy population. Serum ferritin could be considered as an early marker of IR prior to the onset of glycaemia disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis G Aguirre
- Sociedad Científica de Estudiantes de Medicina de la Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Lima, Peru
| | - Diego Urrunaga-Pastor
- Sociedad Científica de Estudiantes de Medicina de la Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Lima, Peru
| | - Enrique Moncada-Mapelli
- Sociedad Científica de Estudiantes de Medicina de la Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Lima, Peru
| | | | | | - Vicente A Benites-Zapata
- Centre for Public Health Research, Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Lima, Peru.
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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine if the U.S. National Institutes of Health Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) could be successfully implemented in a worksite setting. Thirty-seven adult employees of BD Medical Systems of Sandy, Utah were enrolled in a single-group time-series study using the DPP. Two-hour oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) and other outcomes were measured at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months. Weight, body mass index, waist circumference, 2-hour OGTT, very low density lipoproteins, triglycerides, and aerobic fitness were significantly improved at 6 and 12 months and showed overall significant improvement across time. Fasting blood insulin, total cholesterol, low density lipoproteins, and total cholesterol/high density lipoproteins ratio were significantly improved at 6 months, but not at 12 months. Eighteen of the program participants (51%) were no longer in the pre-diabetes and diabetes categories after 1 year. Existing worksite health promotion and occupational health professionals can successfully offer the DPP and help employees improve glucose tolerance.
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Leiva T, Cooke RF, Brandão AP, Bertin RD, Colombo EA, Miranda VFB, Lourenço LAC, Rodrigues SMB, Vasconcelos JLM. Effects of supplemental calcium salts of palm oil and chromium-propionate on insulin sensitivity and productive and reproductive traits of mid- to late-lactating Holstein × Gir dairy cows consuming excessive energy. J Dairy Sci 2017; 101:491-504. [PMID: 29102132 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This experiment compared insulin sensitivity, milk production, and reproductive outcomes in dairy cows consuming excessive energy during mid to late lactation and receiving in a 2 × 2 factorial design (1) concentrate based on ground corn (CRN; n = 20) or including 8% (DM basis) of Ca salts of palm oil (CSPO; n = 20), and (2) supplemented (n = 20) or not (n = 20) with 2.5 g/d of Cr-propionate. During the experiment (d 0-203), 40 multiparous, nonpregnant, lactating 3/4 Holstein × 1/4 Gir cows (initial days in milk = 81 ± 2; mean ± SE) were offered corn silage for ad libitum consumption, and individually received concentrate formulated to allow diets to provide 160% of their daily net energy for lactation requirements. From d -15 to 203, milk production was recorded daily, blood samples collected weekly, and cow body weight (BW) and body condition score (BCS) recorded on d 0 and 203. For dry matter intake evaluation, cows from both treatments were randomly divided in 5 groups of 8 cows each, and allocated to 8 individual feeding stations for 3 d. Intake was evaluated 6 times/group. Glucose tolerance tests (GTT; 0.5 g of glucose/kg of BW) were performed on d -3, 100, and 200. Follicle aspiration for in vitro embryo production was performed via transvaginal ovum pick-up on d -1, 98, and 198. Mean DMI, net energy for lactation intake, as well as BW and BCS change were similar across treatments. On average, cows gained 40 kg of BW and 0.49 BCS during the experiment. Within weekly blood samples, CRN cows had lower serum concentrations of glucose, insulin, fatty acids, and insulin-to-glucose ratio compared with CSPO cows, suggesting increased insulin sensitivity in CRN cows. During the GTT, insulin-sensitivity traits were also greater in CRN versus CSPO cows. Supplemental Cr-propionate resulted in lower serum insulin concentrations and insulin-to-glucose ratio within CRN cows only, indicating that Cr-propionate improved basal insulin sensitivity in CRN but not in CSPO cows. During the GTT, however, Cr-propionate supplementation reduced hyperinsulinemia and insulin-to-glucose ratio across CSPO and CRN cows. Milk production, as well as number of viable oocytes collected and embryos produced within each aspiration, were not affected by treatments. Hence, replacing corn by Ca salts of palm oil in the concentrate did not improve insulin sensitivity in Holstein × Gir dairy cows consuming excessive energy during mid to late lactation, whereas Cr-supplementation was effective in improving basal insulin sensitivity in cows not receiving Ca salts of palm oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Leiva
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18168-000, Brazil
| | - R F Cooke
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station 77845.
| | - A P Brandão
- Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center, Oregon State University, Burns 97720
| | - R D Bertin
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18168-000, Brazil
| | - E A Colombo
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18168-000, Brazil
| | - V F B Miranda
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18168-000, Brazil
| | - L A C Lourenço
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18168-000, Brazil
| | - S M B Rodrigues
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18168-000, Brazil
| | - J L M Vasconcelos
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18168-000, Brazil.
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Besson JCF, Hernandes L, Campos JMD, Morikawa KA, Bersani-Amado CA, Matioli G. Insulin complexed with cyclodextrins stimulates epithelialization and neovascularization of skin wound healing in rats. Injury 2017; 48:2417-2425. [PMID: 28888719 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2017.08.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Skin lesions are a significant public health problem, above all that wounds fail to heal properly and become chronic. Due to its reepithelization action, insulin has the potential to heal skin lesions, by stimulating the proliferation and migration of keratinocytes, angiogenic stimulus, and increasing collagen deposition. In the present study insulin was complexed with 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) and its wound healing effect and inclusion complex (HPβCD-I) were evaluated in excisional wounds in the skin of rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS Three different gel based pharmaceutical forms were created: carbopol 940® base gel, an insulin gel comprising the base gel plus 50 IU of insulin and a gel complex comprising the base gel plus (HPβCD) complexed with insulin (HPβCD-I) were used to verify wound healing in vitro and in vivo assays. RESULTS The wounds in the skin of rats were treated with gel containing HPβCD-I not cytoxically irritating and cytotoxic. Analysis of cell proliferation and measurement of the length and thickness of the epidermis showed that HPβCD-I prolonged the proliferation and migration of keratinocytes. Revascularization analysis of lesions treated with HPβCD-I compared to those treated with insulin found that angiogenic stimulus was less intense, but more constant and prolonged in the modified release process. There was increased deposition of type I and III collagen fibers in accordance with the treatment time. CONCLUSION Therefore, the slow release of complexed insulin modulated the reepithelialization process by stimulating cell proliferation and migration of keratinocytes, favoring greater concentration of serum insulin, modulating inflammatory response, matrix remodeling and promoting neovascularization. Angiogenesis extended by the steady release of insulin can be effective in the treatment of chronic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Carlos Fernando Besson
- Department of Morphologic Sciences, State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790-87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Luzmarina Hernandes
- Department of Morphologic Sciences, State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790-87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Men de Campos
- Department of Morphologic Sciences, State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790-87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Karina Amélia Morikawa
- Department of Morphologic Sciences, State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790-87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Ciomar Aparecida Bersani-Amado
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790-87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Graciette Matioli
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790-87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil.
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Bellanti F, Villani R, Facciorusso A, Vendemiale G, Serviddio G. Lipid oxidation products in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 111:173-185. [PMID: 28109892 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the major public health challenge for hepatologists in the twenty-first century. NAFLD comprises a histological spectrum ranging from simple steatosis or fatty liver, to steatohepatitis, fibrosis, and cirrhosis. It can be categorized into two principal phenotypes: (1) non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL), and (2) non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The mechanisms of NAFLD progression consist of lipid homeostasis alterations, redox unbalance, insulin resistance, and inflammation in the liver. Even though several studies show an association between the levels of lipid oxidation products and disease state, experimental evidence suggests that compounds such as reactive aldehydes and cholesterol oxidation products, in addition to representing hallmarks of hepatic oxidative damage, may behave as active players in liver dysfunction and the development of NAFLD. This review summarizes the processes that contribute to the metabolic alterations occurring in fatty liver that produce fatty acid and cholesterol oxidation products in NAFLD, with a focus on inflammation, the control of insulin signalling, and the transcription factors involved in lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Bellanti
- C.U.R.E. Centre for Liver Diseases Research and Treatment, Institute of Internal Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia 71122, Italy
| | - Rosanna Villani
- C.U.R.E. Centre for Liver Diseases Research and Treatment, Institute of Internal Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia 71122, Italy
| | - Antonio Facciorusso
- C.U.R.E. Centre for Liver Diseases Research and Treatment, Institute of Internal Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia 71122, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Vendemiale
- C.U.R.E. Centre for Liver Diseases Research and Treatment, Institute of Internal Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia 71122, Italy
| | - Gaetano Serviddio
- C.U.R.E. Centre for Liver Diseases Research and Treatment, Institute of Internal Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia 71122, Italy.
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Hussain SM, Urquhart DM, Wang Y, Shaw JE, Magliano DJ, Wluka AE, Cicuttini FM. Fat mass and fat distribution are associated with low back pain intensity and disability: results from a cohort study. Arthritis Res Ther 2017; 19:26. [PMID: 28183360 PMCID: PMC5301404 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-017-1242-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Determining the association between body composition and low back pain (LBP) will improve our understanding of the mechanisms by which obesity affects LBP, and inform novel approaches to managing LBP. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between body composition and LBP intensity and disability. Methods A total of 5058 participants (44% men) of the Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle Study were assessed for LBP intensity and disability using the Chronic Pain Grade Questionnaire (2013–2014). Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference were directly obtained. Fat mass and percentage fat were estimated from bioelectrical impedance analysis at study inception (1999–2000). Results Eighty-two percent of participants reported LBP, of whom 27% also reported LBP disability. BMI, waist circumference, percent fat, and fat mass were each positively associated with LBP intensity and disability at 12 years after adjustment for potential confounders. LBP intensity and disability showed significant dose-responses to sex-specific quartiles of BMI, waist circumference, percent fat and fat mass. For example, the adjusted OR for LBP intensity in women increased with increasing fat mass quartiles [Q1: 1, Q2: 1.05 (95%CI 0.84–1.32); Q3: 1.25 (1.00–1.57); and Q4: 1.78 (1.42–2.24); p < 0.001]. Conclusions Fat mass and distribution are associated with LBP intensity and disability, suggesting systemic metabolic factors associated with adiposity play a major role in the pathogenesis of LBP. Clarifying the mechanisms will facilitate developing novel preventive and therapeutic approaches for LBP. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13075-017-1242-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sultana Monira Hussain
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Donna M Urquhart
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Jonathan E Shaw
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.,Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Dianna J Magliano
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.,Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Anita E Wluka
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Flavia M Cicuttini
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.
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79
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Effects of concentrate type and chromium propionate on insulin sensitivity, productive and reproductive parameters of lactating dairy cows consuming excessive energy. Animal 2017; 11:436-444. [DOI: 10.1017/s1751731116001713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Skin Manifestations of Insulin Resistance: From a Biochemical Stance to a Clinical Diagnosis and Management. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 2016; 7:37-51. [PMID: 27921251 PMCID: PMC5336429 DOI: 10.1007/s13555-016-0160-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, more than 1.9 billion adults are overweight, and around 600 million people suffer from obesity. Similarly, ~382 million individuals live with diabetes, and 40–50% of the global population is labeled at “high risk” (i.e., prediabetes). The impact of these two chronic conditions relies not only on the burden of illnesses per se (i.e., associated increased morbidity and mortality), but also on their increased cost, burden of treatment, and decreased health-related quality of life. For this review a comprehensive search in several databases including PubMed (MEDLINE), Ovid EMBASE, Web of Science, and Scopus was conducted. In both diabetes and obesity, genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors overlap and are inclusive rather than exclusive. De facto, 70–80% of the patients with obesity and virtually every patient with type 2 diabetes have insulin resistance. Insulin resistance is a well-known pathophysiologic factor in the development of type 2 diabetes, characteristically appearing years before its diagnosis. The gold standard for insulin resistance diagnosis (the euglycemic insulin clamp) is a complex, invasive, costly, and hence unfeasible test to implement in clinical practice. Likewise, laboratory measures and derived indexes [e.g., homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR-)] are indirect, imprecise, and not highly accurate and reproducible tests. However, skin manifestations of insulin resistance (e.g., acrochordons, acanthosis nigricans, androgenetic alopecia, acne, hirsutism) offer a reliable, straightforward, and real-time way to detect insulin resistance. The objective of this review is to aid clinicians in recognizing skin manifestations of insulin resistance. Diagnosing these skin manifestations accurately may cascade positively in the patient’s health by triggering an adequate metabolic evaluation, a timely treatment or referral with the ultimate objective of decreasing diabetes and obesity burden, and improving the health and the quality of care for these patients.
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81
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Pinkney JH, Nagi DK, Yudkin JS. From ‘Syndrome X’ to the Thrifty Phenotype: A Reappraisal of the Insulin Resistance Theory of Atherogenesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/1358863x9300400103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan H Pinkney
- Department of Medicine, University College London Medical School, London, UK
| | - Dinesh K Nagi
- Department of Medicine, University College London Medical School, London, UK
| | - John S Yudkin
- Department of Medicine, University College London Medical School, London, UK
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Li KK, Wong HL, Hu T, Zhang C, Han XQ, Ye CX, Leung PC, Cheng BH, Ko CH. Impacts ofCamelliakucha and its main chemical components on the lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Int J Food Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.13236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Kai Li
- College of Food Science and Technology; Huazhong Agricultural University; Wuhan 430070 China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin New Territories Hong Kong SAR 999077 China
| | - Hing Lok Wong
- Institute of Chinese Medicine; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin New Territories Hong Kong SAR 999077 China
| | - Tianyong Hu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of ENT; Longgang ENT hospital & Institute of ENT; Shenzhen 518172 China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Medicine; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin New Territories Hong Kong SAR 999077 China
| | - Xiao Qiang Han
- Institute of Chinese Medicine; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin New Territories Hong Kong SAR 999077 China
| | - Chuang Xing Ye
- Department of Biology; School of Life Sciences; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Ping Chung Leung
- Institute of Chinese Medicine; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin New Territories Hong Kong SAR 999077 China
| | - Bao Hui Cheng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of ENT; Longgang ENT hospital & Institute of ENT; Shenzhen 518172 China
| | - Chun Hay Ko
- Institute of Chinese Medicine; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin New Territories Hong Kong SAR 999077 China
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Bricambert J, Favre D, Brajkovic S, Bonnefond A, Boutry R, Salvi R, Plaisance V, Chikri M, Chinetti-Gbaguidi G, Staels B, Giusti V, Caiazzo R, Pattou F, Waeber G, Froguel P, Abderrahmani A. Impaired histone deacetylases 5 and 6 expression mimics the effects of obesity and hypoxia on adipocyte function. Mol Metab 2016; 5:1200-1207. [PMID: 27900262 PMCID: PMC5123204 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2016.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The goal of the study was to investigate the role of histone deacetylases (HDACs) in adipocyte function associated with obesity and hypoxia. Methods Total proteins and RNA were prepared from human visceral adipose tissues (VAT) of human obese and normal weight subjects and from white adipose tissue (WAT) of C57Bl6-Rj mice fed a normal or high fat diet (HFD) for 16 weeks. HDAC activity was measured by colorimetric assay whereas the gene and protein expression were monitored by real-time PCR and by western blotting, respectively. RNA interference (RNAi) was used to silence the expression of genes in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Results Total HDAC activity was decreased in VAT and WAT from obese individuals and from mice fed a HFD, respectively. The HDAC activity reduction was associated with decreased HDAC5/Hdac5 and HDAC6/Hdac6 expression in human and mice adipocyte fraction. Similarly, hypoxia hampered total Hdac activity and reduced the expression of Hdac5 and Hdac6 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The decrease of both Hdac5 and Hdac6 by hypoxia was associated with altered expression of adipokines and of the inducible cAMP early repressor (Icer), a key repressor that is defective in human and mice obesity. Silencing of Icer in adipocytes reproduced the changes in adipokine levels under hypoxia and obesity, suggesting a causative effect. Finally, modeling the defect of the two Hdacs in adipocytes by RNAi or selective inhibitors mimicked the effects of hypoxia on the expression of Icer, leading to impairment of insulin-induced glucose uptake. Conclusion Hdac5 and Hdac6 expression are required for the adequate expression of Icer and adipocyte function. Altered adipose expression of the two Hdacs in obesity by hypoxia may contribute to the development of metabolic abnormalities. Impaired adipose HDAC activity in human obese subjects and obese mice. HDAC5 and HDAC6 expression is reduced in adipocytes of obese mice and human. The expression of HDAC5, HDAC6 and ICER is altered by hypoxia in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. ICER regulates hypoxia-sensitive adipokines expression. Hdac5 and Hdac6 control the expression of ICER and glucose uptake in adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Bricambert
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8199 - EGID, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Dimitri Favre
- Service of Internal Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Saška Brajkovic
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8199 - EGID, F-59000 Lille, France; Service of Internal Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Amélie Bonnefond
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8199 - EGID, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Raphael Boutry
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8199 - EGID, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Roberto Salvi
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8199 - EGID, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Valérie Plaisance
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8199 - EGID, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Mohamed Chikri
- Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box 5825, Doha, Qatar; Univ. Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah, FMPF, Fes, Morocco
| | - Giulia Chinetti-Gbaguidi
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011 - EGID, F-59000 Lille, France; Inserm, U 1081, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice (IRCAN), University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Nice and Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, University Hospital, Nice, France
| | - Bart Staels
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011 - EGID, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Vittorio Giusti
- Metabolic Center, Fribourg Hospital HFR, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Robert Caiazzo
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1190 - EGID, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - François Pattou
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1190 - EGID, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Gérard Waeber
- Service of Internal Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Froguel
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8199 - EGID, F-59000 Lille, France; Department of Genomic of Common Disease, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Amar Abderrahmani
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8199 - EGID, F-59000 Lille, France; Department of Genomic of Common Disease, Imperial College London, UK.
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Impact of insulin resistance on cardiac and vascular function. Int J Cardiol 2016; 221:1095-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.07.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Bradley D, Hsueh W. Type 2 Diabetes in the Elderly: Challenges in a Unique Patient Population. JOURNAL OF GERIATRIC MEDICINE AND GERONTOLOGY 2016; 2:14. [PMID: 31692858 PMCID: PMC6831098 DOI: 10.23937/2469-5858/1510014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In the older patient population, rates of Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) and obesity are reaching epidemic proportions. In fact, older patients will soon constitute the majority of patients with T2D in most developed countries. The higher prevalence of T2D in older individuals is seen in both men and women and across racial and ethnic groups. However, certain ethnic groups are disproportionately affected and successful strategies must account for these fundamental differences. T2D in old age is associated with traditional diabetes-associated complications including micro- and macro vascular disease, but is also closely related to numerous other comorbidities including cognitive impairment, urinary incontinence, sarcopenia, and increased fall risk. An overall state of chronic inflammation and dysregulated immune system may underlie these increased risks; yet our understanding of immunometabolism during the aging process remains incomplete. In addition, optimal recognition and treatment of diabetes in the elderly is hampered by a lack of relevant, high-quality studies, as the majority of clinical trial data establishing risk profiles, glycemic targets, and therapeutic interventions for T2D are not applicable for large segments of the older patient population. Simply acknowledging this gap is inadequate. We need strong evidence-based data upon which to successfully identify diabetic patients and then intervene in ways that are targeted to specific individuals within a heterogeneous group of elderly patients with T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bradley
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, USA
| | - Willa Hsueh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, USA
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86
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Rankin JG. Biological mechanisms at moderate levels of alcohol consumption that may affect coronary heart disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/009145099402100106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James G. Rankin
- Central Sydney Area Health Service Drug and Alcohol Services (c/o Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Missenden Rd., Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia)
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Seo MJ, Seo YJ, Pan CH, Lee OH, Kim KJ, Lee BY. Fucoxanthin Suppresses Lipid Accumulation and ROS Production During Differentiation in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes. Phytother Res 2016; 30:1802-1808. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min-Jung Seo
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology; CHA University; Seongnam Korea
| | - Young-Jin Seo
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology; CHA University; Seongnam Korea
| | - Cheol-Ho Pan
- Laboratory of Biomodulation, Natural Products Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST); Gangneung 25451 Korea
| | - Ok-Hwan Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology; Kangwon National University; Chuncheon South Korea
| | - Kui-Jin Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology; CHA University; Seongnam Korea
| | - Boo-Yong Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology; CHA University; Seongnam Korea
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Marques F, Crespo ME, Pantaleão O, Bicho M. Insulin activation of NADH ferricyanide reductase in human erythrocytes is mediated by the insulin receptor tyrosine kinase: a comparative study in normal and diabetic states. Redox Rep 2016; 2:373-8. [DOI: 10.1080/13510002.1996.11747077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Storch KJ. Terminology: Kwashiorkor and Visceral Protein. Nutr Clin Pract 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/088453360101600610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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90
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Wu Y, Lu H, Yang H, Li C, Sang Q, Liu X, Liu Y, Wang Y, Sun Z. Zinc stimulates glucose consumption by modulating the insulin signaling pathway in L6 myotubes: essential roles of Akt-GLUT4, GSK3β and mTOR-S6K1. J Nutr Biochem 2016; 34:126-35. [PMID: 27295130 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The present study was performed to evaluate the insulin-like effects of zinc in normal L6 myotubes as well as its ability to alleviate insulin resistance. Glucose consumption was measured in both normal and insulin-resistant L6 myotubes. Western blotting and immunofluorescence revealed that zinc exhibited insulin-like glucose transporting effects by activating key markers that are involved in the insulin signaling cascade (including Akt, GLUT4 and GSK3β), and downregulating members of the insulin signaling feedback cascade such as mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and ribosomal protein S6 kinase (S6K1). In normal L6 myotubes, zinc enhanced glucose consumption via a mechanism that might involve the activation of Akt phosphorylation, glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) translocation and GSK3β phosphorylation. In contrast, zinc exerted insulin-mimetic effects in insulin-resistant L6 myotubes by upregulating Akt phosphorylation, GLUT4 translocation and GSK3β phosphorylation, and downregulating the expression of mTOR and S6K1. In conclusion, zinc might enhance glucose consumption by modulating insulin signaling pathways including Akt-GLUT4, GSK3β, mTOR and S6K1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuntang Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Huizi Lu
- Tanggu Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin Binhai New Area,Tianjin, China
| | - Huijun Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunlei Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qian Sang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinyan Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yongzhe Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yongming Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhong Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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91
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Choi JH, Kang M, Kim JH, Cho J, Kim GH, Yoo HW. Identification and Functional Characterization of Two Novel Nonsense Mutations in the β-Subunit of INSR That Cause Severe Insulin Resistance Syndrome. Horm Res Paediatr 2016; 84:73-8. [PMID: 26160152 DOI: 10.1159/000381624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Donohue syndrome is an extremely rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in INSR. This study describes the clinical course of a patient with Donohue syndrome, and we also evaluated the molecular and functional characteristics of 2 novel INSR mutations. METHODS Our patient was a male newborn with acanthosis nigricans, lack of subcutaneous fat, hirsutism, thick lips, and high serum insulin levels, all of which are characteristic of Donohue syndrome. INSR mutation analysis was performed, and Western blot analysis was used to verify the effects of the novel mutations on INSR protein expression. RESULTS Direct INSR sequencing identified the following 2 novel compound heterozygous mutations in the β-subunit of INSR: p.Arg1066* and p.Gln1232*. Western blot analysis of skin fibroblasts revealed a comparable expression of the α-subunit of INSR in mutant and control samples, but reduced levels of mature INSR β-subunit protein were found in mutant INSR-expressing cells in comparison to the controls. CONCLUSIONS This study describes the clinical course of a male patient with Donohue syndrome and the molecular characteristics of 2 novel compound heterozygous mutations in INSR. These novel nonsense mutations are associated with reduced expression of the mature INSR β-subunit, which was most likely due to impaired proreceptor processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ho Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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92
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Alptekin H, Çizmecioğlu A, Işık H, Cengiz T, Yildiz M, Iyisoy MS. Predicting gestational diabetes mellitus during the first trimester using anthropometric measurements and HOMA-IR. J Endocrinol Invest 2016; 39:577-83. [PMID: 26754418 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-015-0427-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the predictability of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) during the first trimester using the degree of insulin resistance and anthropometric measurements and to assign the risk of developing GDM by weight gained during pregnancy (WGDP). METHODS A total of 250 singleton pregnancies at 7-12 gestational weeks were studied. Body mass index (BMI), waist/hip ratio (WHR), quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI), homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) scores and WGDP were determined. The backward stepwise method was applied to estimate possible associations with GDM. Cutoff points were estimated using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. RESULTS GDM was found in 20 of 227 singleton pregnancies (8.8 %). The calculated HOMA-IR, QUICKI, BMI, WHR, WGDP, and parity were significantly associated with GDM. Logistic regression analyses showed that three covariates (HOMA-IR, BMI, WGDP) remained independently associated with GDM. It was calculated as OR 1.254 (95 % CI 1.006-1.563), AUC 0.809, sensitivity 90 %, specificity 61 % with cutoff = 2.08 for HOMA-IR; OR 1.157 (CI 1.045-1.281), AUC 0.723, sensitivity 80 %, specificity 58 % with cutoff = 25.95 for BMI; OR 1.221, (CI 1.085-1.374), AUC 0.654, sensitivity 80 %, specificity 46 % with cutoff = 4.7 for WGDP. Despite a HOMA-IR score of >3.1 in pregnant women, GDM was detected in only three of 29 patients (10.3 %) if WGDP was <4.7 kg at weeks 24-28. CONCLUSIONS First trimester screening for GDM can be achieved based on maternal anthropometric measurements and HOMA-IR. In particular, if BMI is >25.95 kg/m(2) and the HOMA-IR score >2.08, controlling weight gain may protect against GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hüsnü Alptekin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mevlana University Faculty of Medicine, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Ahmet Çizmecioğlu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mevlana University Faculty of Medicine, Konya, Turkey
| | - Hatice Işık
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mevlana University Faculty of Medicine, Konya, Turkey
| | - Türkan Cengiz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mevlana University Faculty of Medicine, Konya, Turkey
| | - Murat Yildiz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mevlana University Faculty of Medicine, Konya, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Sinan Iyisoy
- Department of Medical Education and Informatics, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
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93
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Treating Diabetes Mellitus: Pharmacophore Based Designing of Potential Drugs from Gymnema sylvestre against Insulin Receptor Protein. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:3187647. [PMID: 27034931 PMCID: PMC4806669 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3187647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most prevalent metabolic disorders which can affect the quality of life severely. Injectable insulin is currently being used to treat DM which is mainly associated with patient inconvenience. Small molecules that can act as insulin receptor (IR) agonist would be better alternatives to insulin injection. Herein, ten bioactive small compounds derived from Gymnema sylvestre (G. sylvestre) were chosen to determine their IR binding affinity and ADMET properties using a combined approach of molecular docking study and computational pharmacokinetic elucidation. Designing structural analogues were also performed for the compounds associated with toxicity and less IR affinity. Among the ten parent compounds, six were found to have significant pharmacokinetic properties with considerable binding affinity towards IR while four compounds were associated with toxicity and less IR affinity. Among the forty structural analogues, four compounds demonstrated considerably increased binding affinity towards IR and less toxicity compared with parent compounds. Finally, molecular interaction analysis revealed that six parent compounds and four analogues interact with the active site amino acids of IR. So this study would be a way to identify new therapeutics and alternatives to insulin for diabetic patients.
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94
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Amengual-Cladera E, Capllonch-Amer G, Lladó I, Gianotti M, Proenza AM. Proteomic study of periovarian adipose tissue in 17β-estradiol-treated and untreated ovariectomized rats. Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 94:167-75. [PMID: 26914441 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2015-0077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Taking into account the sexual dimorphism previously found in white adipose tissue (WAT) regarding mitochondrial function and biogenesis, as well as insulin sensitivity, the aim of this study was to go further into the role of sex hormones in this dimorphism. To achieve this objective, we used ovariectomized rats and performed a screening by means of proteomic analyses of the periovarian WAT, combined with a study of the protein levels of specific factors involved in mitochondrial function. Rats were ovariectomized at 5 weeks of age and subcutaneously injected every 48 h with corn-oil (OVX group) or with 17β-estradiol (E2, 10 μg/kg body mass; OVX + E2 group) for 4 weeks prior to sacrifice. Beside proteomic analysis, protein levels of Transcription Factor A, Mitochondrial (TFAM), cytochrome oxidase (COX)II, and COXIV were determined by Western blot, and mRNA levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator (PGC)-1α, ERα, ERβ, lipoprotein lipase (LPL), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ), and adiponectin were quantified by real-time PCR. Our results show that ovariectomy leads to an increase in anabolic processes and inflammatory protein levels as well as to a decrease in some of the markers of mitochondrial function, which are restored, at least in part, by E2 supplementation. Indeed, this E2 supplementation seems to be counteracted by a decline in ERα and in the ERα to ERβ ratio values that could be directed to avoid an over-stimulation of the E2 signaling pathway, given the possibility of an activation of extra-gonadal steroid biosynthetic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Amengual-Cladera
- a Grup Metabolisme Energètic i Nutrició, Departament de Biologia Fonamental i Ciències de la Salut, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,b Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn, CB06/03/0043), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/Sinesio Delgado 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gabriela Capllonch-Amer
- a Grup Metabolisme Energètic i Nutrició, Departament de Biologia Fonamental i Ciències de la Salut, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Isabel Lladó
- a Grup Metabolisme Energètic i Nutrició, Departament de Biologia Fonamental i Ciències de la Salut, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,b Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn, CB06/03/0043), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/Sinesio Delgado 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Magdalena Gianotti
- a Grup Metabolisme Energètic i Nutrició, Departament de Biologia Fonamental i Ciències de la Salut, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,b Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn, CB06/03/0043), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/Sinesio Delgado 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana M Proenza
- a Grup Metabolisme Energètic i Nutrició, Departament de Biologia Fonamental i Ciències de la Salut, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,b Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn, CB06/03/0043), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/Sinesio Delgado 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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95
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Kang MC, Kang N, Kim SY, Lima IS, Ko SC, Kim YT, Kim YB, Jeung HD, Choi KS, Jeon YJ. Popular edible seaweed, Gelidium amansii prevents against diet-induced obesity. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 90:181-7. [PMID: 26911551 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The popular edible seaweed, Gelidium amansii is broadly used as food worldwide. To determine whether G. amansii extract (GAE) has protective effects on obesity, mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) treated with GAE (1 and 3 %) were studied. After 12 weeks of GAE treatment, body weight was greatly decreased in mice fed a high-fat diet. This effect could be due to decreased adipogenesis, as evidenced by the fact that GAE suppressed adipogenic gene expression in adipocytes. In addition, blood glucose and serum insulin levels were reduced by GAE treatment in mice fed a high-fat diet, suggesting improvement in glucose metabolism. GAE supplementation also led to a significant decrease in total cholesterol and triglyceride levels. These data are further confirmed by H&E staining. Our findings indicate that Gelidium amansii prevents against the development of diet-induced obesity, and further implicate that GAE supplementation could be the therapeutical option for treatment of metabolic disorder such as obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Cheol Kang
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nalae Kang
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo-Young Kim
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Inês S Lima
- Centro de Estudos de Doenças Crónicas CEDOC, NOVA Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Seok-Chun Ko
- Marine-Integrated Bionics Research Center, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Engineering, and Center for Marine-Integrated Biomedical Technology (BK21 Plus), Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Tae Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kunsan National University, Gunsan 573-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Bum Kim
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hee-Do Jeung
- Tidal Flat Research Center, West Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), 11 Seollim-gill, 54014 Gunsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Sik Choi
- School of Marine Biomedical Science, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Jin Jeon
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea.
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96
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Carnagarin R, Dharmarajan AM, Dass CR. PEDF attenuates insulin-dependent molecular pathways of glucose homeostasis in skeletal myocytes. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 422:115-124. [PMID: 26700654 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is an anti-angiogenic serpin associated with insulin resistance in metabolic disorders such as diabetes, metabolic syndrome, obesity and polycystic ovarian syndrome. While the mechanism of PEDF induced-insulin resistance of metabolic disorders has been attributed to its inflammatory and lipolytic effects, little evidence exists to support a direct role of PEDF in mediating insulin resistance. Here, we seminally provide evidence that PEDF can inhibit insulin signal transduction governing glucose homeostasis from the receptor to the effector phosphorylation through Akt/PKB-dependent and -independent pathways in mouse and human skeletal muscle cell lines. PEDF attenuates the insulin-dependent molecular axes of glucose metabolism. Exposure of skeletal myocytes to PEDF attenuates insulin-dependent insulin receptor autophosphorylation, tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1, and dual loop phosphorylation-activation of Akt. PEDF significantly inhibits the downstream effector - glycogen synthase kinase (and thereby the glycogenic axis of insulin signalling). PEDF turned off both the molecular switches of GLUT4 translocation: IRS-Akt/PKB-AS160 mediated and IR-pCbl-dependent GLUT4 translocation (the molecular axis of glucose uptake). These findings implicate a direct effect of PEDF on multiple insulin-dependent molecular mechanisms of glucose homeostasis in skeletal muscle cells, thereby enabling it to contribute to peripheral insulin resistance at the cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Revathy Carnagarin
- Curtin Biosciences Research Precinct, Bentley, 6102, Australia; School of Pharmacy, Curtin University, Bentley, 6102, Australia
| | - Arun M Dharmarajan
- Curtin Biosciences Research Precinct, Bentley, 6102, Australia; School of Biomedical Science, Curtin University, Bentley, 6102, Australia
| | - Crispin R Dass
- Curtin Biosciences Research Precinct, Bentley, 6102, Australia; School of Pharmacy, Curtin University, Bentley, 6102, Australia.
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97
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Abstract
Previously considered a disease isolated to the pulmonary circulation, pulmonary arterial hypertension is now being recognized as a systemic disorder that is associated with significant metabolic dysfunction. Numerous animal models have demonstrated the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension following the onset of insulin resistance, indicating that insulin resistance may be causal. Recent publications highlighting alterations in aerobic glycolysis, fatty acid oxidation, and the tricarboxylic acid cycle in the pulmonary circulation and right ventricle have expanded our understanding of the complex pathobiology of this disease. By targeting these derangements in metabolism, numerous researchers are investigating noninvasive techniques to monitor disease activity and therapeutics that address the underlying metabolic condition. In the following review, we will explore pre-clinical and clinical studies investigating the metabolic dysfunction seen in pulmonary arterial hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tufik R Assad
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, T1218 Medical Center North, 1161 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
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98
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Galenova TI, Kyznetsova MY, Savchuk ON, Ostapchenco LI. [Low molecular weight regulators of the intracellular insulin signal transduction as a correction method of the insulin resistance in the treatment of type 2 diabetes]. BIOMEDITSINSKAIA KHIMIIA 2016; 62:31-7. [PMID: 26973184 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20166201031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance is the characteristic feature of type 2 diabetes. This condition is manifested in the reduction of peripheral tissues sensitivity to the biological action of insulin and is expressed in the inhibition of cellular glucose absorption and metabolism in response to hormonal stimulation. At the cellular level, disorders which are realized both at the receptor and the postreceptor levels can serve a prerequisite to the formation of insulin resistance and are associated with a change in the amount or dysfunction of major molecular signaling cascade. Thus, the insulin receptor, as well as the other related signaling molecules can be considered as ideal therapeutic targets for the correction of insulin resistance and thus low molecular weight effectors which act on the individual links of insulin signaling cascade may be positioned as a new generation of anti-diabetic agents. This report provides information on the regulators of insulin receptor cascade, main advantages and disadvantages of their impact on biological targets and prospects for their therapeutic use as anti-diabetic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- T I Galenova
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Educational and Scientific Centre "Institute of Biology", Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - M Y Kyznetsova
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Educational and Scientific Centre "Institute of Biology", Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - O N Savchuk
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Educational and Scientific Centre "Institute of Biology", Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - L I Ostapchenco
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Educational and Scientific Centre "Institute of Biology", Kyiv, Ukraine
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99
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Latoch E, Muszynska-Roslan K, Panas A, Panasiuk A, Sawicka-Zukowska M, Zelazowska-Rutkowska B, Zabrocka E, Krawczuk-Rybak M. Adipokines and Insulin Resistance in Young Adult Survivors of Childhood Cancer. Int J Endocrinol 2016; 2016:6349134. [PMID: 27212946 PMCID: PMC4860245 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6349134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the association between adipokines (leptin, adiponectin, and resistin), radiotherapy, measurement of body fat, and insulin resistance among young adult survivors of childhood cancer (CCS). Materials and Methods. Seventy-six survivors were included (mean age 24.1 ± 3.5 years). Insulin resistance (IR) was calculated using the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR). The serum levels of adipokines were assayed by immunoassays. Fat mass was evaluated by DXA. Results. Mean adiponectin level and mean body FAT were higher in the examined females than in males (10009 ± 6367 ng/mL versus 6433 ± 4136 ng/mL, p < 0.01; 35.98 ± 9.61% versus 22.7 ± 7.46%, p < 0.001). Among CCS, one of 75 patients met the criteria of insulin resistance, and in 14 patients there was impaired fasting glucose. The multiple regression model for females showed that leptin/adiponectin ratio (LA ratio) significantly affected HOMA-IR (increase of 0.024 per each unit of LA ratio; p < 0.05). Radiotherapy had no effect on serum adipokines and IR. Conclusion. The observed results support the hypothesis that adiponectin might be associated with insulin resistance and it can not be ruled out that changes in the mean level of adiponectin per FAT mass or leptin/adiponectin ratio may precede the occurrence of insulin resistance in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eryk Latoch
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland
- *Eryk Latoch:
| | - Katarzyna Muszynska-Roslan
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Agata Panas
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Anna Panasiuk
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland
| | | | - Beata Zelazowska-Rutkowska
- Department of Pediatric Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Ewa Zabrocka
- Student's Scientific Society by the Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Maryna Krawczuk-Rybak
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland
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100
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Yang Z, Li W, He C, Xie C, Zhu Y, Lu NH. Potential effect of chronic Helicobacter pylori infection on glucose metabolism of Mongolian gerbils. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:12593-12604. [PMID: 26640335 PMCID: PMC4658613 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i44.12593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To assess the effect of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection on metabolic parameters in Mongolian gerbils.
METHODS: A total of 40 male, 5- to 8-wk-old, specific-pathogen-free Mongolian gerbils (30-50 g) were randomly allocated into two groups: a control group (n = 20) and an H. pylori group (n = 20). After a two-week acclimation period, the control group was administered Brucella broth and the H. pylori group was challenged intra-gastrically five times every other day with approximately 109/CFU H. pylori ATCC43504 (CagA+, VacA+). Each group was then divided into two subgroups, which were sacrificed at either 6 or 12 mo. The control and H. pylori subgroups each contained 10 Mongolian gerbils. Body weight, abdominal circumference, and body length were measured, and body mass index (BMI) and Lee’s index were calculated. Biochemical assays were used to detect serum indexes, including glucose, glycated hemoglobin (GHb), glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), triacylglycerol, and total cholesterol, using an automatic biochemistry analyzer. Inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, IL-12, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interferon (IFN)-γ, were assayed using ELISA. The expression of insulin and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) was detected by immunohistochemistry, and islet apoptosis was measured using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay.
RESULTS: At each time point, body weight, abdominal circumference, BMI, and Lee’s index were increased after H. pylori infection. However, these differences were not significant. H. pylori infection significantly increased the GHb (5.45 ± 0.53 vs 4.98 ± 0.22, P < 0.05) and HbA1c (4.91 ± 0.61 vs 4.61 ± 0.15, P < 0.05) levels at 12 mo. We observed no significant differences in serum biochemical indexes, including fasting blood glucose, triacylglycerol and total cholesterol, at 6 or 12 mo after infection. H. pylori infection significantly increased the expression of IGF-1 (P < 0.05). Insulin levels from the pancreas and the apoptotic rate of islet β-cells remained unchanged. Also, we observed no significant differences among cytokines levels, including IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, IL-12, TNF-α and IFN-γ. IL-4 was the only exception, which increased at 6 (44.36 ± 25.17 vs 17.38 ± 3.47, P < 0.05) and 12 mo (33.41 ± 10.00 vs 18.91 ± 5.31, P < 0.05) after H. pylori infection.
CONCLUSION: Long-term H. pylori infection is significantly associated with high levels of HbA1c in Mongolian gerbils, indicating a potential role of H. pylori infection in glucose dysregulation.
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