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de Campos Fraga-Silva TF, Mimura LAN, de Oliveira LRC, Dos Santos Toledo JH, Borim PA, Zorzella-Pezavento SFG, Alonso DP, Ribolla PEM, de Oliveira CAF, da Fonseca DM, Villablanca EJ, Sartori A. Selenization of S. cerevisiae increases its protective potential in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by triggering an intestinal immunomodulatory loop. Sci Rep 2020; 10:22190. [PMID: 33335128 PMCID: PMC7746691 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79102-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease that affects the myelinated central nervous system (CNS) neurons and triggers physical and cognitive disabilities. Conventional therapy is based on disease-modifying drugs that control disease severity but can also be deleterious. Complementary medicines have been adopted and evidence indicates that yeast supplements can improve symptoms mainly by modulating the immune response. In this investigation, we evaluated the therapeutic potential of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and its selenized derivative (Selemax) in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Female C57BL/6 mice submitted to EAE induction were orally supplemented with these yeasts by gavage from day 0 to day 14 after EAE induction. Both supplements determined significant reduction in clinical signs concomitantly with diminished Th1 immune response in CNS, increased proportion of Foxp3+ lymphocytes in inguinal and mesenteric lymph nodes and increased microbiota diversity. However, Selemax was more effective clinically and immunologically; it reduced disease prevalence more sharply, increased the proportion of CD103+ dendritic cells expressing high levels of PD-L1 in mesenteric lymph nodes and reduced the intestinal inflammatory process more strongly than S. cerevisiae. These results suggest a clear gut-brain axis modulation by selenized S. cerevisiae and suggest their inclusion in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Diego Peres Alonso
- Institute of Biotechnology (IBTEC), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Eduardo J Villablanca
- Immunology and Allergy Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alexandrina Sartori
- Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
- Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
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52
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Tajbakhsh A, Farahani N, Gheibihayat SM, Mirkhabbaz AM, Savardashtaki A, Hamblin MR, Mirzaei H. Autoantigen-specific immune tolerance in pathological and physiological cell death: Nanotechnology comes into view. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 90:107177. [PMID: 33249046 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Apoptotic cells are tolerogenic and can present self-antigens in the absence of inflammation, to antigen-presenting cells by the process of efferocytosis, resulting in anergy and depletion of immune effector cells. This tolerance is essential to maintain immune homeostasis and prevent systemic autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Consequently, effective efferocytosis can result in the induction of immune tolerance mediated via triggering modulatory lymphocytes and anti-inflammatory responses. Furthermore, several distinct soluble factors, receptors and pathways have been found to be involved in the efferocytosis, which are able to regulate immune tolerance by lessening antigen presentation, inhibition of T-cell proliferation and induction of regulatory T-cells. Some newly developed nanotechnology-based approaches can induce antigen-specific immunological tolerance without any systemic immunosuppression. These strategies have been explored to reverse autoimmune responses induced against various protein antigens in different diseases. In this review, we describe some nanotechnology-based approaches for the maintenance of self-tolerance using the apoptotic cell clearance process (efferocytosis) that may be able to induce immune tolerance and treat autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Tajbakhsh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Najmeh Farahani
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sayed Mohammad Gheibihayat
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | | | - Amir Savardashtaki
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa.
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I.R., Iran.
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53
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Linher-Melville K, Shah A, Singh G. Sex differences in neuro(auto)immunity and chronic sciatic nerve pain. Biol Sex Differ 2020; 11:62. [PMID: 33183347 PMCID: PMC7661171 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-020-00339-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain occurs with greater frequency in women, with a parallel sexually dimorphic trend reported in sufferers of many autoimmune diseases. There is a need to continue examining neuro-immune-endocrine crosstalk in the context of sexual dimorphisms in chronic pain. Several phenomena in particular need to be further explored. In patients, autoantibodies to neural antigens have been associated with sensory pathway hyper-excitability, and the role of self-antigens released by damaged nerves remains to be defined. In addition, specific immune cells release pro-nociceptive cytokines that directly influence neural firing, while T lymphocytes activated by specific antigens secrete factors that either support nerve repair or exacerbate the damage. Modulating specific immune cell populations could therefore be a means to promote nerve recovery, with sex-specific outcomes. Understanding biological sex differences that maintain, or fail to maintain, neuroimmune homeostasis may inform the selection of sex-specific treatment regimens, improving chronic pain management by rebalancing neuroimmune feedback. Given the significance of interactions between nerves and immune cells in the generation and maintenance of neuropathic pain, this review focuses on sex differences and possible links with persistent autoimmune activity using sciatica as an example.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Linher-Melville
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anita Shah
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gurmit Singh
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
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Ciesielska A, Matyjek M, Kwiatkowska K. TLR4 and CD14 trafficking and its influence on LPS-induced pro-inflammatory signaling. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 78:1233-1261. [PMID: 33057840 PMCID: PMC7904555 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03656-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 565] [Impact Index Per Article: 141.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 belongs to the TLR family of receptors inducing pro-inflammatory responses to invading pathogens. TLR4 is activated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS, endotoxin) of Gram-negative bacteria and sequentially triggers two signaling cascades: the first one involving TIRAP and MyD88 adaptor proteins is induced in the plasma membrane, whereas the second engaging adaptor proteins TRAM and TRIF begins in early endosomes after endocytosis of the receptor. The LPS-induced internalization of TLR4 and hence also the activation of the TRIF-dependent pathway is governed by a GPI-anchored protein, CD14. The endocytosis of TLR4 terminates the MyD88-dependent signaling, while the following endosome maturation and lysosomal degradation of TLR4 determine the duration and magnitude of the TRIF-dependent one. Alternatively, TLR4 may return to the plasma membrane, which process is still poorly understood. Therefore, the course of the LPS-induced pro-inflammatory responses depends strictly on the rates of TLR4 endocytosis and trafficking through the endo-lysosomal compartment. Notably, prolonged activation of TLR4 is linked with several hereditary human diseases, neurodegeneration and also with autoimmune diseases and cancer. Recent studies have provided ample data on the role of diverse proteins regulating the functions of early, late, and recycling endosomes in the TLR4-induced inflammation caused by LPS or phagocytosis of E. coli. In this review, we focus on the mechanisms of the internalization and intracellular trafficking of TLR4 and CD14, and also of LPS, in immune cells and discuss how dysregulation of the endo-lysosomal compartment contributes to the development of diverse human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ciesielska
- Laboratory of Molecular Membrane Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur St., 02-093, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Marta Matyjek
- Laboratory of Molecular Membrane Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur St., 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kwiatkowska
- Laboratory of Molecular Membrane Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur St., 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
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Δ42PD1-TLR4 Augments γδ-T Cell Activation of the Transitional Memory Subset of CD4 + T Cells. iScience 2020; 23:101620. [PMID: 33089108 PMCID: PMC7567942 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
TLR ligands can contribute to T cell immune responses by indirectly stimulating antigen presentation and cytokines and directly serving as co-stimulatory signals. We have previously reported that the human endogenous surface protein, Δ42PD1, is expressed primarily on (Vγ9)Vδ2 cells and can interact with TLR4. Since Vδ2 cells possess antigen presentation capacity, we sought to further characterize if the Δ42PD1-TLR4 interaction has a role in stimulating T cell responses. In this study, we found that stimulation of Vδ2 cells not only upregulated Δ42PD1 expression but also increased MHC class II molecules necessary for the antigen presentation. In a mixed leukocyte reaction assay, upregulation of Δ42PD1 on Vδ2 cells elevated subsequent T cell proliferation. Furthermore, the interaction between Δ42PD1-TLR4 augments Vδ2 cell stimulation of autologous CMV pp65-or TT-specific CD4+ T cell proliferation and IFN-γ responses, which was specifically and significantly reduced by blocking the Δ42PD1-TLR4 interaction. Furthermore, confocal microscopy analysis confirmed the interaction between Δ42PD1+HLA-DR+Vδ2 cells and TLR4+CD4 T cells. Interestingly, the subset of CD4+ T cells expressing TLR4 appears to be PD-1+ CD45RO+CD45RA+ transitional memory T cells and responded to Δ42PD1+HLA-DR+Vδ2 cells. Overall, this study demonstrated an important biological role of Δ42PD1 protein exhibited by Vδ2 antigen-presenting cells in augmenting T cell activation through TLR4, which may serve as an additional co-stimulatory signal. Δ42PD1 is co-expressed with MHC-II on activated Vδ2 cells Δ42PD1+MHC-II+Vδ2 cells interact directly with TLR4+CD4+T cells in 3D imaging TLR4 is highly expressed on the PD-1+CD45RO+CD45RA+CD4+T cell subset Δ42PD1-TLR4 selectively activates this subset of Ag-specific CD4+ T cells
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56
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Kwilasz AJ, Todd LS, Duran-Malle JC, Schrama AEW, Mitten EH, Larson TA, Clements MA, Harris KM, Litwiler ST, Wang X, Van Dam AM, Maier SF, Rice KC, Watkins LR, Barrientos RM. Experimental autoimmune encephalopathy (EAE)-induced hippocampal neuroinflammation and memory deficits are prevented with the non-opioid TLR2/TLR4 antagonist (+)-naltrexone. Behav Brain Res 2020; 396:112896. [PMID: 32905811 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is associated with burdensome memory impairments and preclinical literature suggests that these impairments are linked to neuroinflammation. Previously, we have shown that toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) antagonists, such as (+)-naltrexone [(+)-NTX], block neuropathic pain and associated spinal inflammation in rats. Here we extend these findings to first demonstrate that (+)-NTX blocks TLR2 in addition to TLR4. Additionally, we examined in two rat strains whether (+)-NTX could attenuate learning and memory disturbances and associated neuroinflammation using a low-dose experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model of MS. EAE is the most commonly used experimental model for the human inflammatory demyelinating disease, MS. This low-dose model avoided motor impairments that would confound learning and memory measurements. Fourteen days later, daily subcutaneous (+)-NTX or saline injections began and continued throughout the study. Contextual and auditory-fear conditioning were conducted at day 21 to assess hippocampal and amygdalar function. With this low-dose model, EAE impaired long-term, but not short-term, contextual fear memory; both long-term and short-term auditory-cued fear memory were spared. This was associated with increased mRNA for hippocampal interleukin-1β (IL-1β), TLR2, TLR4, NLRP3, and IL-17 and elevated expression of the microglial marker Iba1 in CA1 and DG regions of the hippocampus, confirming the neuroinflammation observed in higher-dose EAE models. Importantly, (+)-NTX completely prevented the EAE-induced memory impairments and robustly attenuated the associated proinflammatory effects. These findings suggest that (+)-NTX may exert therapeutic effects on memory function by dampening the neuroinflammatory response in the hippocampus through blockade of TLR2/TLR4. This study suggests that TLR2 and TLR4 antagonists may be effective at treating MS-related memory deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Kwilasz
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; The Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Laurel S Todd
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; The Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Julissa C Duran-Malle
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; The Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Anouk E W Schrama
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; The Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Eric H Mitten
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; The Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Tracey A Larson
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; The Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Madison A Clements
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; The Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Kevin M Harris
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; The Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Scott T Litwiler
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; The Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of the Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Anne-Marie Van Dam
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Steven F Maier
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; The Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Kenner C Rice
- Drug Design and Synthesis Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Linda R Watkins
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; The Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Ruth M Barrientos
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; The Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Chronic Brain Injury Program, Discovery Themes Initiative, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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Tian X, Li R, Jiang Y, Zhao F, Yu Z, Wang Y, Dong Z, Liu P, Li X. Bifidobacterium breve ATCC15700 pretreatment prevents alcoholic liver disease through modulating gut microbiota in mice exposed to chronic alcohol intake. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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58
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Lee HG, Cho MZ, Choi JM. Bystander CD4 + T cells: crossroads between innate and adaptive immunity. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:1255-1263. [PMID: 32859954 PMCID: PMC8080565 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-00486-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
T cells are the central mediators of both humoral and cellular adaptive immune responses. Highly specific receptor-mediated clonal selection and expansion of T cells assure antigen-specific immunity. In addition, encounters with cognate antigens generate immunological memory, the capacity for long-term, antigen-specific immunity against previously encountered pathogens. However, T-cell receptor (TCR)-independent activation, termed “bystander activation”, has also been found. Bystander-activated T cells can respond rapidly and secrete effector cytokines even in the absence of antigen stimulation. Recent studies have rehighlighted the importance of antigen-independent bystander activation of CD4+ T cells in infection clearance and autoimmune pathogenesis, suggesting the existence of a distinct innate-like immunological function performed by conventional T cells. In this review, we discuss the inflammatory mediators that activate bystander CD4+ T cells and the potential physiological roles of these cells during infection, autoimmunity, and cancer. Immune cells that become activated in the absence of antigen stimulation could be harnessed in the fight against infection, autoimmunity, and cancer. Je-Min Choi and colleagues from Hanyang University in Seoul, South Korea, review how the immune system can deploy helper T cells through an unusual process called bystander activation. Most T cells become activated only after receptors on their surface bind to specific cognate antigen. In contrast, bystander T cells are activated non-specifically in response to cytokines and other pro-inflammatory mediators. Studies have shown that this cell population has a variety of protective and pathogenic functions, for example, guarding against multiple sclerosis, aggravating the symptoms of parasitic infections and promoting antitumor immunity. A better understanding of these immune cells could lead to new therapeutic options for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Gyun Lee
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Zi Cho
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Min Choi
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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59
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Amiresmaili S, Khaksari M, Shahrokhi N, Abolhassani M. Evolution of TLR4 role in mediating the hepatoprotective effects of estradiol after traumatic brain injury in male rats. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 178:114044. [PMID: 32445868 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have shown that 17β-estradiol (E2) exerted beneficial effects on liver disease, and it has a protective impact on brain damage after traumatic brain injury (TBI). TBI-induced liver injury is associated with the activation of TLR4. However, it remains unknown whether E2 can modulate TBI-induced liver injury through TLR4. The objective of this study was to determine the role of TLR4 in hepatoprotective mechanisms of E2 after TBI. Diffuse TBI induced by the Marmarou model in male rats. TAK-242 as a selective antagonist of TLR4 (3 mg/kg) and E2 (33.3 μg/kg) were injected (i.p) respectively 30 min before and 30 min after TBI. The results showed that E2 and TAK-242 markedly inhibited TBI-induced liver injury, which was characterized by decreased aminotransferase activities, inhibition of the oxidative stress, and reduced levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and IL-17 in the liver. We also found that TBI induced significant upregulation of TLR4 in the liver, with peak expression occurring 24 h after TBI, and that treatment with E2 significantly inhibited the upregulation of TLR4. Also, both classic [Estrogen receptors alpha (ERα) and beta (ERβ)] and non-classic (G protein-coupled estrogen receptor GPER) E2 receptors are involved in modulating the expression of TLR4. These results suggested that the hepatoprotective effects of estradiol after TBI may be mediated via the downregulation expression of TLR4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedigheh Amiresmaili
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Department of Physiology, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
| | - Mohammad Khaksari
- Neuroscince and Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Centers, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Nader Shahrokhi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Moslem Abolhassani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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60
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Wu N, Chen D, Sun H, Tan J, Zhang Y, Zhang T, Han Y, Liu H, Ouyang X, Yang XD, Niu X, Zhong J, Wang Z, Su B. MAP3K2 augments Th1 cell differentiation via IL-18 to promote T cell-mediated colitis. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2020; 64:389-403. [PMID: 32737854 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-020-1720-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
T cell-mediated immunity in the intestine is stringently controlled to ensure proper immunity against pathogenic microbes and to prevent autoimmunity, a known cause of inflammatory bowel disease. However, precisely how T cells regulate intestine immunity remains to be fully understood. In this study, we found that mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 2 (MAP3K2) is required for the CD4+ T cell-mediated inflammation in the intestine. Using a T cell transfer colitis model, we found that MAP3K2-deficient naïve CD4 T cells had a dramatically reduced ability to induce colitis compared to wild type T cells. In addition, significantly fewer IFN-γ- but more IL-17A-producing CD4+ T cells in the intestines of mice receiving MAP3K2-deficient T cells than in those from mice receiving wild type T cells was observed. Interestingly, under well-defined in vitro differentiation conditions, MAP3K2-deficient naïve T cells were not impaired in their ability to differentiate into Th1, Th17 and Treg. Furthermore, the MAP3K2-regulated colitis severity was mediated by Th1 but not Th17 cells in the intestine. At the molecular level, we showed that MAP3K2-mediated Th1 cell differentiation in the intestine was regulated by IL-18 and required specific JNK activation. Together, our study reveals a novel regulatory role of MAP3K2 in intestinal T cell immunity via the IL-18-MAP3K2-JNK axis and may provide a novel target for intervention in T cell-mediated colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningbo Wu
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, and Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine-Yale Institute for Immune Metabolism, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Dongping Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, and Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine-Yale Institute for Immune Metabolism, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Hongxiang Sun
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, and Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine-Yale Institute for Immune Metabolism, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jianmei Tan
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, and Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine-Yale Institute for Immune Metabolism, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Tianyu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yuheng Han
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, and Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine-Yale Institute for Immune Metabolism, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Hongzhi Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, and Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine-Yale Institute for Immune Metabolism, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xinxing Ouyang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, and Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Yang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, and Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine-Yale Institute for Immune Metabolism, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xiaoyin Niu
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, and Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jie Zhong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Zhengting Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Bing Su
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, and Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
- Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine-Yale Institute for Immune Metabolism, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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Sidletskaya K, Vitkina T, Denisenko Y. The Role of Toll-Like Receptors 2 and 4 in the Pathogenesis of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2020; 15:1481-1493. [PMID: 32606656 PMCID: PMC7320879 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s249131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The determination of immune mechanisms of inflammation in the disease presents an important challenge for fundamental medical research. According to modern views, Toll-like receptors (TLRs), among which TLR2 and TLR4 play a key role, are one of the essential components of inflammatory process in COPD. This review focuses on following aspects: the role of TLR2 and TLR4 in the initiation of inflammatory process in COPD; the mechanisms of influence of various exogenous factors (cigarette smoke, suspended particulate matter, and bacteria) on the expression of TLR2 and TLR4; the contribution of these TLRs to the T-helper (Th) immune response development in COPD, in particular to the Th17 immune response, which contributes to the progression of the disease and therapeutic implications of TLR2 and TLR4 in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Sidletskaya
- Vladivostok Branch of Federal State Budgetary Science Institution "Far Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration" - Institute of Medical Climatology and Rehabilitative Treatment, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Tatyana Vitkina
- Vladivostok Branch of Federal State Budgetary Science Institution "Far Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration" - Institute of Medical Climatology and Rehabilitative Treatment, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Yulia Denisenko
- Vladivostok Branch of Federal State Budgetary Science Institution "Far Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration" - Institute of Medical Climatology and Rehabilitative Treatment, Vladivostok, Russia
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OMV Vaccines and the Role of TLR Agonists in Immune Response. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124416. [PMID: 32575921 PMCID: PMC7352230 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Outer Membrane Vesicles (OMVs) are bacterial nanoparticles that are spontaneously released during growth both in vitro and in vivo by Gram-negative bacteria. They are spherical, bilayered membrane nanostructures that contain many components found within the external surface of the parent bacterium. Naturally, OMVs serve the bacteria as a mechanism to deliver DNA, RNA, proteins, and toxins, as well as to promote biofilm formation and remodel the outer membrane during growth. On the other hand, as OMVs possess the optimal size to be uptaken by immune cells, and present a range of surface-exposed antigens in native conformation and Toll-like receptor (TLR) activating components, they represent an attractive and powerful vaccine platform able to induce both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. This work reviews the TLR-agonists expressed on OMVs and their capability to trigger individual TLRs expressed on different cell types of the immune system, and then focuses on their impact on the immune responses elicited by OMVs compared to traditional vaccines.
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Brune Z, Rice MR, Barnes BJ. Potential T Cell-Intrinsic Regulatory Roles for IRF5 via Cytokine Modulation in T Helper Subset Differentiation and Function. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1143. [PMID: 32582209 PMCID: PMC7283537 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon Regulatory Factor 5 (IRF5) is one of nine members of the IRF family of transcription factors. Although initially discovered as a key regulator of the type I interferon and pro-inflammatory cytokine arm of the innate immune response, IRF5 has now been found to also mediate pathways involved in cell growth and differentiation, apoptosis, metabolic homeostasis and tumor suppression. Hyperactivation of IRF5 has been implicated in numerous autoimmune diseases, chief among them systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). SLE is a heterogeneous autoimmune disease in which patients often share similar characteristics in terms of autoantibody production and strong genetic risk factors, yet also possess unique disease signatures. IRF5 pathogenic alleles contribute one of the strongest risk factors for SLE disease development. Multiple models of murine lupus have shown that loss of Irf5 is protective against disease development. In an attempt to elucidate the regulatory role(s) of IRF5 in driving SLE pathogenesis, labs have begun to examine the function of IRF5 in several immune cell types, including B cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells. A somewhat untouched area of research on IRF5 is in T cells, even though Irf5 knockout mice were reported to have skewing of T cell subsets from T helper 1 (Th1) and T helper 17 (Th17) toward T helper 2 (Th2), indicating a potential role for IRF5 in T cell regulation. However, most studies attributed this T cell phenotype in Irf5 knockout mice to dysregulation of antigen presenting cell function rather than an intrinsic role for IRF5 in T cells. In this review, we offer a different interpretation of the literature. The role of IRF5 in T cells, specifically its control of T cell effector polarization and the resultant T cell-mediated cytokine production, has yet to be elucidated. A strong understanding of the regulatory role(s) of this key transcription factor in T cells is necessary for us to grasp the full picture of the complex pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases like SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zarina Brune
- Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States
- Center for Autoimmune Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Diseases, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Matthew R. Rice
- Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States
- Center for Autoimmune Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Diseases, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Betsy J. Barnes
- Center for Autoimmune Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Diseases, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
- Departments of Molecular Medicine and Pediatrics, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States
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Chen YJ, Wu JY, Leung WC, Liu YX, Fu XQ, Zhu JQ, Wu Y, Chou JY, Yin CL, Wang YP, Wang XQ, Bai JX, Wu ZZ, Yu ZL. An herbal formula inhibits STAT3 signaling and attenuates bone erosion in collagen-induced arthritis rats. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 76:153254. [PMID: 32531698 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) facilitates differentiation of osteoclast precursors into osteoclasts, resulting in bone erosion in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) are the main cells for producing RANKL. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling is activated in FLS of RA patients (RA-FLS), which has been linked to RANKL production. A two-herb formula (RL) comprising Rosae Multiflorae Fructus and Lonicerae Japonicae Flos is traditionally used for treating RA in China. We have found that a standardized ethanolic extract of RL (RLE for short) alleviates bone erosion in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rats. PURPOSE This study aimed to determine whether RLE inhibits RANKL production and osteoclastogenesis in cell and rat models, and to explore the involvement of the STAT3 pathway in this inhibition. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS A CIA rat model, interleukin-6/soluble interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6/sIL-6R)-stimulated RA-FLS and a co-culture system (IL-6/sIL-6R-stimulated RA-FLS/peripheral blood mononuclear cells) were used to evaluate the effects of RLE. Micro-computed tomography analysis was used to observe bone erosion in CIA rats. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining was used to evaluate osteoclastogenesis. Western blotting and ELISA assays were employed to examine protein levels. RT-qPCR was used to detect mRNA levels. STAT3-over-activated RA-FLS were used to investigate the involvement of STAT3 signaling in the anti-osteoclastogenic effects of RLE. RESULTS RLE alleviated bone erosion in joints of CIA rats. In both synovial tissues of CIA rats and IL-6/sIL-6R-stimulated RA-FLS, RLE downregulated the protein level of RANKL. In the co-culture system, RLE significantly and dose-dependently inhibited IL-6/sIL-6R-induced osteoclastogenesis. Mechanistic studies revealed that RLE lowered the protein level of phospho-STAT3 (Tyr705) in synovial tissues of CIA rats. In IL-6/sIL-6R-stimulated RA-FLS, RLE inhibited the activation/phosphorylation of a STAT3 upstream kinase Janus kinase 2 (Tyr1007/1008) and STAT3 (Tyr705), decreased the nuclear localization of STAT3, lowered mRNA levels of STAT3-transcriptionally regulated genes IL-1β and TNF-α. RLE's inhibitory effects on RANKL production in RA-FLS gradually decreased when IL-6/sIL-6R doses increased. Over-activation of STAT3 diminished the inhibitory effects of RLE on RANKL production in IL-6/sIL-6R-stimulated RA-FLS, and attenuated the anti-osteoclastogenic effects of RLE in the co-culture system. CONCLUSION We, for the first time, demonstrated that suppressing STAT3 signaling contributes to the inhibition of RANKL production and osteoclastogenesis, and thereby supports the mechanisms responsible for the reduction in bone erosion in RLE-treated CIA rats. This study provides further pharmacological groundwork for developing RLE as a modern anti-arthritic drug, and supports the notion that targeting STAT3 signaling is a viable strategy for managing bone erosion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Jie Chen
- Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China; Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China; Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jia-Ying Wu
- Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China; Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China; Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wai-Chung Leung
- Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China; Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China; Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yu-Xi Liu
- Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China; Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China; Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiu-Qiong Fu
- Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China; Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China; Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jia-Qian Zhu
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China; Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China; Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China; JaneClare Transdermal TCM Therapy Laboratory, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ji-Yao Chou
- Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China; Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China; Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cheng-Le Yin
- Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China; Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China; Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ya-Ping Wang
- Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China; Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China; Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiao-Qi Wang
- Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China; Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China; Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jing-Xuan Bai
- Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China; Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China; Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zheng-Zhi Wu
- Shenzhen Institute of Geriatrics, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhi-Ling Yu
- Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China; Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China; Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China; JaneClare Transdermal TCM Therapy Laboratory, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China.
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Stögerer T, Stäger S. Innate Immune Sensing by Cells of the Adaptive Immune System. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1081. [PMID: 32547564 PMCID: PMC7274159 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sensing of microbes or of danger signals has mainly been attributed to myeloid innate immune cells. However, T and B cells also express functional pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). In these cells, PRRs mediate signaling cascades that result in different functions depending on the cell's activation and/or differentiation status, on the environment, and on the ligand/agonist. Some of these functions are beneficial for the host; however, some are detrimental and are exploited by pathogens to establish persistent infections. In this review, we summarize the available literature on innate immune sensing by cells of the adaptive immune system and discuss possible implications for chronic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Stögerer
- INRS Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Simona Stäger
- INRS Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, QC, Canada
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Wang LJ, Zhu J, Wu XJ, Li T, Yang CJ, Kang XX, Zhang HL, Zhang GJ. Effect of Toll-like receptor 4 deficiency on clinical severity and expression of Th1/Th2/Th17-associated cytokines in a murine model of experimental autoimmune neuritis. Arch Med Sci 2020; 19:1145-1150. [PMID: 37560732 PMCID: PMC10408011 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2020.94982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim was to observe the effect of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) deficiency on clinical severity and expression of Th1/Th2/Th17-associated cytokines in experimental autoimmune neuritis (EAN). MATERIAL AND METHODS We selected C57BL/10 wild type (WT) mice and TLR4 knockout (KO) mice with the C57BL/10 background for induction of the EAN model by immunizing mice twice (days 0 and 8) via subcutaneous injection of 180 μg P0 peptide 180-199 emulsion in 25 μl of PBS and 0.5 mg Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Difco, USA) in 25 μl of Freund's incomplete adjuvant into the back of mice. The concentrations of serum cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, IFN-γ and TNF) were determined using the Ms Th1/Th2/Th17 CBA kit. RESULTS We found that TLR4 deficiency could attenuate the clinical severity and delay the onset of EAN. Moreover, our data showed that the sera levels of IFN-γ, TNF, IL-6 and IL-17A were elevated in the WT mice with EAN when compared with the naive WT mice, but only the production of IL-17A was significantly lower in the TLR4 KO mice with EAN than in their WT counterparts. CONCLUSIONS Based on these findings, TLR4 may contribute to the pathogenesis of EAN by regulating Th17 cells and the production of Th17-associated factors. However, the exact mechanism remains unclear and more evidence is needed to elucidate its role in EAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Juan Wang
- Laboratory Diagnosis Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Monogenic Disease Research Center for Neurological Disorder, Beijing, China
- Precision Medicine Research Center for Neurological Disorder, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiu-Juan Wu
- Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ting Li
- Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chun-Jiao Yang
- Laboratory Diagnosis Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Monogenic Disease Research Center for Neurological Disorder, Beijing, China
- Precision Medicine Research Center for Neurological Disorder, Beijing, China
| | - Xi-Xiong Kang
- Laboratory Diagnosis Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Monogenic Disease Research Center for Neurological Disorder, Beijing, China
- Precision Medicine Research Center for Neurological Disorder, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Liang Zhang
- Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Department of Life Sciences, the National Natural Science Foundation of China, Beijing, China
| | - Guo-Jun Zhang
- Laboratory Diagnosis Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Monogenic Disease Research Center for Neurological Disorder, Beijing, China
- Precision Medicine Research Center for Neurological Disorder, Beijing, China
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Comprehensive Molecular Profiles of Functionally Effective MSC-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Immunomodulation. Mol Ther 2020; 28:1628-1644. [PMID: 32380062 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2020.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that mesenchymal stem/stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) exhibit immunomodulatory effects by delivering therapeutic RNAs and proteins; however, the molecular mechanism underlying the EV-mediated immunomodulation is not fully understood. In this study, we found that EVs from early-passage MSCs had better immunomodulatory potency than did EVs from late-passage MSCs in T cell receptor (TCR)- or Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-stimulated splenocytes and in mice with ocular Sjögren's syndrome. Moreover, MSC-EVs were more effective when produced from 3D culture of the cells than from the conventional 2D culture. Comparative molecular profiling using proteomics and microRNA sequencing revealed the enriched factors in MSC-EVs that were functionally effective in immunomodulation. Among them, manipulation of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), pentraxin 3 (PTX3), let-7b-5p, or miR-21-5p levels in MSCs significantly affected the immunosuppressive effects of their EVs. Furthermore, there was a strong correlation between the expression levels of TGF-β1, PTX3, let-7b-5p, or miR-21-5p in MSC-EVs and their suppressive function. Therefore, our comparative strategy identified TGF-β1, PTX3, let-7b-5p, or miR-21-5p as key molecules mediating the therapeutic effects of MSC-EVs in autoimmune disease. These findings would help understand the molecular mechanism underlying EV-mediated immunomodulation and provide functional biomarkers of EVs for the development of robust EV-based therapies.
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Fitzpatrick JM, Minogue E, Curham L, Tyrrell H, Gavigan P, Hind W, Downer EJ. MyD88-dependent and -independent signalling via TLR3 and TLR4 are differentially modulated by Δ 9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol in human macrophages. J Neuroimmunol 2020; 343:577217. [PMID: 32244040 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2020.577217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are sensors of pathogen-associated molecules that trigger inflammatory signalling in innate immune cells including macrophages. All TLRs, with the exception of TLR3, promote intracellular signalling via recruitment of the myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) adaptor, while TLR3 signals via Toll-Interleukin-1 Receptor (TIR)-domain-containing adaptor-inducing interferon (IFN)-β (TRIF) adaptor to induce MyD88-independent signalling. Furthermore, TLR4 can activate both MyD88-dependent and -independent signalling (via TRIF). The study aim was to decipher the impact of the highly purified plant-derived (phyto) cannabinoids Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), when delivered in isolation and in combination (1:1), on MyD88-dependent and -independent signalling in macrophages. We employed the use of the viral dsRNA mimetic poly(I:C) and endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS), to induce viral TLR3 and bacterial TLR4 signalling in human Tamm-Horsfall protein-1 (THP-1)-derived macrophages, respectively. TLR3/TLR4 stimulation promoted the activation of interferon (IFN) regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and TLR4 promoted the activation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB signalling, with downstream production of the type I IFN-β, the chemokines CXCL10 and CXCL8, and cytokine TNF-α. THC and CBD (both at 10 μM) attenuated TLR3/4-induced IRF3 activation and induction of CXCL10/IFN-β, while both phytocannabinoids failed to impact TLR4-induced IκB-α degradation and TNF-α/CXCL8 expression. The role of CB1, CB2 and PPARγ receptors in mediating the effect of THC and CBD on MyD88-independent signalling was investigated. TLRs are attractive therapeutic targets given their role in inflammation and initiation of adaptive immunity, and data herein indicate that both CBD and THC preferentially modulate TLR3 and TLR4 signalling via MyD88-independent mechanisms in macrophages. This offers mechanistic insight into the role of phytocannabinoids in modulating cellular inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- John-Mark Fitzpatrick
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eleanor Minogue
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lucy Curham
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Harry Tyrrell
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Philip Gavigan
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - William Hind
- GW Research Ltd, Sovereign House, Vision Park, Histon, CB24 9BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Eric J Downer
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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Xu L, Yu Y, Sang R, Ge B, Wang M, Zhou H, Zhang X. Inonotus obliquus polysaccharide protects against adverse pregnancy caused by Toxoplasma gondii infection through regulating Th17/Treg balance via TLR4/NF-κB pathway. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 146:832-840. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.10.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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A peptide derived from the core β-sheet region of TIRAP decoys TLR4 and reduces inflammatory and autoimmune symptoms in murine models. EBioMedicine 2020; 52:102645. [PMID: 32014819 PMCID: PMC6997517 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND TLRs are some of the actively pursued drug-targets in immune disorders. Owing to a recent surge in the cognizance of TLR structural biology and signalling pathways, numerous therapeutic modulators, ranging from low-molecular-weight organic compounds to polypeptides and nucleic acid agents have been developed. METHODS A penetratin-conjugated small peptide (TIP3), derived from the core β-sheet of TIRAP, was evaluated in vitro by monitoring the TLR-mediated cytokine induction and quantifying the protein expression using western blot. The therapeutic potential of TIP3 was further evaluated in TLR-dependent in vivo disease models. FINDINGS TIP3 blocks the TLR4-mediated cytokine production through both the MyD88- and TRIF-dependent pathways. A similar inhibitory-effect was exhibited for TLR3 but not on other TLRs. A profound therapeutic effect was observed in vivo, where TIP3 successfully alleviated the inflammatory response in mice model of collagen-induced arthritis and ameliorated the disease symptoms in psoriasis and SLE models. INTERPRETATION Our data suggest that TIP3 may be a potential lead candidate for the development of effective therapeutics against TLR-mediated autoimmune disorders. FUNDING This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF-2019M3A9A8065098, 2019M3D1A1078940 and 2019R1A6A1A11051471). The funders did not have any role in the design of the present study, data collection, data analysis, interpretation, or the writing of the manuscript.
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Javaid N, Choi S. Toll-like Receptors from the Perspective of Cancer Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E297. [PMID: 32012718 PMCID: PMC7072551 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) represent a family of pattern recognition receptors that recognize certain pathogen-associated molecular patterns and damage-associated molecular patterns. TLRs are highly interesting to researchers including immunologists because of the involvement in various diseases including cancers, allergies, autoimmunity, infections, and inflammation. After ligand engagement, TLRs trigger multiple signaling pathways involving nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), interferon-regulatory factors (IRFs), and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) for the production of various cytokines that play an important role in diseases like cancer. TLR activation in immune as well as cancer cells may prevent the formation and growth of a tumor. Nonetheless, under certain conditions, either hyperactivation or hypoactivation of TLRs supports the survival and metastasis of a tumor. Therefore, the design of TLR-targeting agonists as well as antagonists is a promising immunotherapeutic approach to cancer. In this review, we mainly describe TLRs, their involvement in cancer, and their promising properties for anticancer drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sangdun Choi
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea;
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72
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Tarang S, Kesherwani V, LaTendresse B, Lindgren L, Rocha-Sanchez SM, Weston MD. In silico Design of a Multivalent Vaccine Against Candida albicans. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1066. [PMID: 31974431 PMCID: PMC6978452 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57906-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive candidiasis (IC) is the most common nosocomial infection and a leading cause of mycoses-related deaths. High-systemic toxicity and emergence of antifungal-resistant species warrant the development of newer preventive approaches against IC. Here, we have adopted an immunotherapeutic peptide vaccine-based approach, to enhance the body's immune response against invasive candida infections. Using computational tools, we screened the entire candida proteome (6030 proteins) and identified the most immunodominant HLA class I, HLA class II and B- cell epitopes. By further immunoinformatic analyses for enhanced vaccine efficacy, we selected the 18- most promising epitopes, which were joined together using molecular linkers to create a multivalent recombinant protein against Candida albicans (mvPC). To increase mvPC's immunogenicity, we added a synthetic adjuvant (RS09) to the mvPC design. The selected mvPC epitopes are homologous against all currently available annotated reference sequences of 22 C. albicans strains, thus offering a higher coverage and greater protective response. A major advantage of the current vaccine approach is mvPC's multivalent nature (recognizing multiple-epitopes), which is likely to provide enhanced protection against complex candida antigens. Here, we describe the computational analyses leading to mvPC design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Tarang
- Creighton University School of Dentistry, Department of Oral Biology, Omaha, NE, 68178, USA.
| | - Varun Kesherwani
- Child Health Research Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Blake LaTendresse
- Creighton University School of Dentistry, Department of Oral Biology, Omaha, NE, 68178, USA
| | - Laramie Lindgren
- Creighton University School of Dentistry, Department of Oral Biology, Omaha, NE, 68178, USA
| | - Sonia M Rocha-Sanchez
- Creighton University School of Dentistry, Department of Oral Biology, Omaha, NE, 68178, USA
| | - Michael D Weston
- Creighton University School of Dentistry, Department of Oral Biology, Omaha, NE, 68178, USA
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73
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Zheng C, Chen J, Chu F, Zhu J, Jin T. Inflammatory Role of TLR-MyD88 Signaling in Multiple Sclerosis. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 12:314. [PMID: 31998072 PMCID: PMC6965019 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neuro-autoimmune and neurodegenerative disorder leading to chronic inflammation, demyelination, axonal, and neuronal loss in the central nervous system (CNS). Despite intense research efforts, the pathogenesis of MS still remains unclear. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a family of type I transmembrane receptors that play a crucial role in the innate immune response. Myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) is the adaptor of major TLRs. It has been widely considered that the TLR-MyD88 signaling pathway plays an important role in the occurrence and development of autoimmune disease. Data have revealed that the TLR-MyD88 signaling may be involved in the pathogenesis of MS and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model for MS, by regulating the antigen presentation of dendritic cells, the integrity of blood-brain barrier (BBB), and the activation of T cells and B cells. Here, we summarize the role of TLRs and MyD88 in MS and discuss the possible therapies that are based on these molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zheng
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jingtao Chen
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Fengna Chu
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tao Jin
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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74
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Vasilichin VA, Tsymbal SA, Fakhardo AF, Anastasova EI, Marchenko AS, Shtil AA, Vinogradov VV, Koshel EI. Effects of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles on Toll-Like Receptor mRNAs in Human Monocytes. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E127. [PMID: 32284505 PMCID: PMC7023015 DOI: 10.3390/nano10010127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
For the widespread application of nanotechnology in biomedicine, it is necessary to obtain information about their safety. A critical problem is presented by the host immune responses to nanomaterials. It is assumed that the innate immune system plays a crucial role in the interaction of nanomaterials with the host organism. However, there are only fragmented data on the activation of innate immune system factors, such as toll-like receptors (TLRs), by some nanoparticles (NPs). In this study, we investigated TLRs' activation by clinically relevant and promising NPs, such as Fe3O4, TiO2, ZnO, CuO, Ag2O, and AlOOH. Cytotoxicity and effects on innate immunity factors were studied in THP-1(Tohoku Hospital Pediatrics-1) cell culture. NPs caused an increase of TLR-4 and -6 expression, which was comparable with the LPS-induced level. This suggests that the studied NPs can stimulate the innate immune system response inside the host. The data obtained should be taken into account in future research and to create safe-by-design biomedical nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladislav A. Vasilichin
- International Institute Solution Chemistry of Advanced Materials and Technologies, ITMO University, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia; (V.A.V.); (S.A.T.); (A.F.F.); (E.I.A.); (A.S.M.); (A.A.S.)
| | - Sergey A. Tsymbal
- International Institute Solution Chemistry of Advanced Materials and Technologies, ITMO University, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia; (V.A.V.); (S.A.T.); (A.F.F.); (E.I.A.); (A.S.M.); (A.A.S.)
| | - Anna F. Fakhardo
- International Institute Solution Chemistry of Advanced Materials and Technologies, ITMO University, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia; (V.A.V.); (S.A.T.); (A.F.F.); (E.I.A.); (A.S.M.); (A.A.S.)
| | - Elizaveta I. Anastasova
- International Institute Solution Chemistry of Advanced Materials and Technologies, ITMO University, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia; (V.A.V.); (S.A.T.); (A.F.F.); (E.I.A.); (A.S.M.); (A.A.S.)
| | - Andrey S. Marchenko
- International Institute Solution Chemistry of Advanced Materials and Technologies, ITMO University, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia; (V.A.V.); (S.A.T.); (A.F.F.); (E.I.A.); (A.S.M.); (A.A.S.)
| | - Alexander A. Shtil
- International Institute Solution Chemistry of Advanced Materials and Technologies, ITMO University, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia; (V.A.V.); (S.A.T.); (A.F.F.); (E.I.A.); (A.S.M.); (A.A.S.)
- Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 115478 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir V. Vinogradov
- International Institute Solution Chemistry of Advanced Materials and Technologies, ITMO University, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia; (V.A.V.); (S.A.T.); (A.F.F.); (E.I.A.); (A.S.M.); (A.A.S.)
| | - Elena I. Koshel
- International Institute Solution Chemistry of Advanced Materials and Technologies, ITMO University, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia; (V.A.V.); (S.A.T.); (A.F.F.); (E.I.A.); (A.S.M.); (A.A.S.)
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75
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Jeong Y, Kim GB, Ji Y, Kwak GJ, Nam GH, Hong Y, Kim S, An J, Kim SH, Yang Y, Chung HS, Kim IS. Dendritic cell activation by an E. coli-derived monophosphoryl lipid A enhances the efficacy of PD-1 blockade. Cancer Lett 2019; 472:19-28. [PMID: 31857157 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy is a powerful approach for cancer treatment, but its clinical effects rely on the tumor's immune conditions. In particular, low response rates to PD-1 blockades are highly correlated with impaired T cell priming. Here, we demonstrate that E. coli-derived monophosphoryl lipid A (EcML) activates dendritic cells in a toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4)-dependent manner and increases the sensitivity of cancer cells to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. EcML is a mixture of 4'-monophosphoryl lipids A (MPLAs) produced directly by an engineered Escherichia coli strain; it has a unique congener composition that differentiates it from the well-established MPLA adjuvants, 3-O-desacyl-4'-monophosphoryl lipid A and glucopyranosyl lipid A. Given that active dendritic cells initiate adaptive immune responses, we investigated the anti-tumor activity of an aqueous formulation of EcML. Upon sensing EcML via TLR-4, dendritic cells matured into powerful antigen-presenting cells that could stimulate naïve T cells. EcML reduced tumor growth in the B16F10 mouse model via dendritic cell activation and potentiated PD-1 blockade therapy in the B16F10-OVA melanoma model. These data identify EcML as a promising TLR-4 agonist that can induce anti-tumor immune responses and potentiate PD-1 blockade therapy against tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngmin Jeong
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea; Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Beom Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea; Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuhyun Ji
- Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea; Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Jung Kwak
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea; Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Hoon Nam
- Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonsun Hong
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea; Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Seohyun Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea; Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsu An
- Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Hwa Kim
- Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoosoo Yang
- Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hak Suk Chung
- Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
| | - In-San Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea; Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
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76
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Deerhake ME, Biswas DD, Barclay WE, Shinohara ML. Pattern Recognition Receptors in Multiple Sclerosis and Its Animal Models. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2644. [PMID: 31781124 PMCID: PMC6861384 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) coordinate the innate immune response and have a significant role in the development of multiple sclerosis (MS). Accumulating evidence has identified both pathogenic and protective functions of PRR signaling in MS and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Additionally, evidence for PRR signaling in non-immune cells and PRR responses to host-derived endogenous ligands has also revealed new pathways controlling the development of CNS autoimmunity. Many PRRs remain uncharacterized in MS and EAE, and understanding the distinct triggers and functions of PRR signaling in CNS autoimmunity requires further investigation. In this brief review, we discuss the diverse pathogenic and protective functions of PRRs in MS and EAE, and highlight major avenues for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Elizabeth Deerhake
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Debolina D Biswas
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - William E Barclay
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Mari L Shinohara
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States.,Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
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77
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Qu X, Han J, Zhang Y, Wang X, Fan H, Hua F, Yao R. TLR4-RelA-miR-30a signal pathway regulates Th17 differentiation during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis development. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:183. [PMID: 31561751 PMCID: PMC6764145 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1579-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is well known for activating the innate immune system; however, it is also highly expressed in adaptive immune cells, such as CD4+ T-helper 17 (Th17) cells, which play a key role in multiple sclerosis (MS) pathology. However, the function and governing mechanism of TLR4 in Th17 remain unclear. Methods The changes of TLR4 in CD4+ T cells from MS patients and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mice were tested. TLR4-deficient (TLR4−/−) naïve T cells were induced in vitro and transferred into Rag1−/− mice to measure Th17 differentiation and EAE pathology. DNA sequence analyses combining with deletion fragments and mutation analyses, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) were used to explore the mechanism of TLR4 signaling pathway in regulating Th17 differentiation. Results The levels of TLR4 were increased in CD4+ Th17 cells both from MS patients and EAE mice, as well as during Th17 differentiation in vitro. TLR4−/− CD4+ naïve T cells inhibited their differentiation into Th17, and transfer of TLR4−/− CD4+ naïve T cells into Rag1−/− mice was defective in promoting EAE, characterized by less demyelination and Th17 infiltration in the spinal cord. TLR4 signal enhanced Th17 differentiation by activating RelA, downregulating the expression of miR-30a, a negative regulator of Th17 differentiation. Inhibition of RelA activity increased miR-30a level, but decreased Th17 differentiation rate. Furthermore, RelA directly regulated the expression of miR-30a via specific binding to a conserved element of miR-30a gene. Conclusions TLR4−/− CD4+ naïve T cells are inadequate in differentiating to Th17 cells both in vitro and in vivo. TLR4-RelA-miR-30a signal pathway regulates Th17 differentiation via direct binding of RelA to the regulatory element of miR-30a gene. Our results indicate modulating TLR4-RelA-miR-30a signal in Th17 may be a therapeutic target for Th17-mediated neurodegeneration in neuroinflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuebin Qu
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jingjing Han
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingqi Wang
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongbin Fan
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fang Hua
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, China.,Institute of Neurological Diseases of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ruiqin Yao
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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78
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Hess KL, Medintz IL, Jewell CM. Designing inorganic nanomaterials for vaccines and immunotherapies. NANO TODAY 2019; 27:73-98. [PMID: 32292488 PMCID: PMC7156029 DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Vaccines and immunotherapies have changed the face of health care. Biomaterials offer the ability to improve upon these medical technologies through increased control of the types and concentrations of immune signals delivered. Further, these carriers enable targeting, stability, and delivery of poorly soluble cargos. Inorganic nanomaterials possess unique optical, electric, and magnetic properties, as well as defined chemistry, high surface-to-volume- ratio, and high avidity display that make this class of materials particularly advantageous for vaccine design, cancer immunotherapy, and autoimmune treatments. In this review we focus on this understudied area by highlighting recent work with inorganic materials - including gold nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, and quantum dots. We discuss the intrinsic features of these materials that impact the interactions with immune cells and tissue, as well as recent reports using inorganic materials across a range of emerging immunological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystina L. Hess
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 8278 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Igor L. Medintz
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC, 20375, USA
| | - Christopher M. Jewell
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 8278 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
- Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, 8278 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland Medical School, 685 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, 22 South Greene St, Baltimore, MD, 21201 USA
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Maryland Health Care System, 10 North Greene St, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
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79
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Macrophage migration inhibitory factor regulates TLR4 expression and modulates TCR/CD3-mediated activation in CD4+ T lymphocytes. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9380. [PMID: 31253838 PMCID: PMC6599059 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45260-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is involved in CD4+ T lymphocyte-mediated pathologies. Here, we demonstrate that CD4+ T lymphocytes express functional TLR4 that contributes to their activation, proliferation and cytokine secretion. In addition, we demonstrate that TLR4-induced responses are mediated by macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), a pro-inflammatory cytokine. We also demonstrate that MIF regulates suboptimal TCR/CD3-mediated activation of T lymphocytes. On one hand, MIF prevents excessive TCR/CD3-mediated activation of CD4+ T lymphocytes under suboptimal stimulation conditions and, on the other hand, MIF enables activated CD4+ T lymphocytes to sense their microenvironment and adapt their effector response through TLR4. Therefore, MIF appears to be a major regulator of the activation of CD4+ T lymphocytes and the intensity of their effector response. TLR4-mediated activation is thus an important process for T cell-mediated immunity.
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80
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Toll-Like Receptor 4 Promotes Th17 Lymphocyte Infiltration Via CCL25/CCR9 in Pathogenesis of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2019; 14:493-502. [PMID: 31065973 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-019-09854-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is a key component in innate immunity and has been linked to central nervous system (CNS) inflammation diseases, such as multiple sclerosis (MS), an inflammatory disorder induced by autoreactive Th17 cells. In our study, we found that TLR4 deficient (TLR4-/-) mice were inadequate to induce experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), characterized by low clinic score and weight loss, alleviative demyelinating, as well as decreased inflammatory cell infiltration in the spinal cord. In the lesion area of EAE mice, loss of TLR4 down-regulated the secretion of inflammatory cytokines and chemokine CCL25. Furthermore, the expression of CCR9 was decreased and chemotactic migration was attenuated in TLR4-/- Th17 cells. Our results demonstrate that TLR4 may mediate Th17 infiltration through CCL25/CCR9 signal during pathogenesis of EAE. Graphical Abstract Immunofluorescent staining of RORγt (green) and CCR9 (red) in spinal cords. TLR4 deficiency down-regulates CCR9 expression in infiltrating lymphocytes.
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81
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Matsuoka S, Hashimoto D, Kadowaki M, Ohigashi H, Hayase E, Yokoyama E, Hasegawa Y, Tateno T, Chen X, Aoyama K, Oka H, Onozawa M, Takeda K, Akashi K, Teshima T. Myeloid differentiation factor 88 signaling in donor T cells accelerates graft- versus-host disease. Haematologica 2019; 105:226-234. [PMID: 31048358 PMCID: PMC6939524 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2018.203380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) signaling has a crucial role in activation of both innate and adoptive immunity. MyD88 transduces signals via Toll-like receptor and interleukin-1 receptor superfamily to the NFκB pathway and inflammasome by forming a molecular complex with interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4. The MyD88/interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 pathway plays an important role, not only in innate immunity, but also T-cell immunity; however, its role in donor T cells on the pathophysiology of graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) remains to be elucidated. We addressed this issue by using MyD88-deficient T cells in a mouse model of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT). While MyD88-deficient and wild-type T cells proliferated equivalently after transplantation, MyD88-deficient T cells demonstrated impaired survival and differentiation toward Th1, Tc1, and Th17, and induced less severe GvHD compared to wild-type T cells. Administration of interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 inhibitor PF-06650833 significantly ameliorated GvHD after allo-SCT. These results thus demonstrate that donor T-cell MyD88/interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 pathway is a novel therapeutic target against GvHD after allo-SCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satomi Matsuoka
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo
| | - Daigo Hashimoto
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo
| | - Masanori Kadowaki
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka
| | - Hiroyuki Ohigashi
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo
| | - Eiko Hayase
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo
| | - Emi Yokoyama
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo
| | - Yuta Hasegawa
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo
| | - Takahiro Tateno
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo
| | - Xuanzhong Chen
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo
| | - Kazutoshi Aoyama
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka
| | - Hideyo Oka
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka
| | - Masahiro Onozawa
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo
| | - Kiyoshi Takeda
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Koichi Akashi
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka
| | - Takanori Teshima
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo
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Griesenauer B, Jiang H, Yang J, Zhang J, Ramadan AM, Egbosiuba J, Campa K, Paczesny S. ST2/MyD88 Deficiency Protects Mice against Acute Graft-versus-Host Disease and Spares Regulatory T Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 202:3053-3064. [PMID: 30979817 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) hinders the efficacy of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Plasma levels of soluble membrane-bound ST2 (ST2) are elevated in human and murine aGVHD and correlated to type 1 T cells response. ST2 signals through the adapter protein MyD88. The role of MyD88 in T cells during aGVHD has yet to be elucidated. We found that knocking out MyD88 in the donor T cells protected against aGVHD independent of IL-1R and TLR4 signaling in two murine HCT models. This protection was entirely driven by MyD88-/- CD4 T cells. Transplanting donor MyD88-/- conventional T cells (Tcons) with wild-type (WT) or MyD88-/- regulatory T cells (Tregs) lowered aGVHD severity and mortality. Transcriptome analysis of sorted MyD88-/- CD4 T cells from the intestine 10 d post-HCT showed lower levels of Il1rl1 (gene of ST2), Ifng, Csf2, Stat5, Batf, and Jak2 Transplanting donor ST2-/- Tcons with WT or ST2-/- Tregs showed a similar phenotype with what we observed when using donor MyD88-/- Tcons. Decreased ST2 was confirmed at the protein level with less secretion of soluble ST2 and more expression of ST2 compared with WT T cells. Our data suggest that Treg suppression from lack of MyD88 signaling in donor Tcons during alloreactivity uses the ST2 but not the IL-1R or TLR4 pathways, and ST2 represents a potential aGVHD therapeutic target sparing Tregs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hua Jiang
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Jinfeng Yang
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Jilu Zhang
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | | | - Jane Egbosiuba
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Khaled Campa
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Sophie Paczesny
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
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83
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Chehimi M, Ward R, Pestel J, Robert M, Pesenti S, Bendridi N, Michalski MC, Laville M, Vidal H, Eljaafari A. Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Inhibit IL-17A Secretion through Decreased ICAM-1 Expression in T Cells Co-Cultured with Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Harvested from Adipose Tissues of Obese Subjects. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1801148. [PMID: 30848861 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201801148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Obese adipose tissue (AT) is infiltrated by inflammatory immune cells including IL-17A-producing-T (Th17) cells. It has been previously demonstrated that adipose-derived stem cells from obese (ob-ASCs), but not lean AT promote Th17 cells. Because n-3 PUFAs are known to inhibit obese AT inflammation, it is tested here whether they could inhibit ob-ASC-mediated IL-17A secretion. METHODS AND RESULTS The n-3 PUFA precursor, alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), or its derivatives, eicosapentaenoic, or docosahexaenoic acid, is added to co-cultures of human ob-ASCs and mononuclear cells (MNCs). All three inhibited IL-17A, but not IL-1β, IL-6, nor TNFα secretion. As a control, palmitic acid (PA), a saturated fatty acid, did not inhibit IL-17A secretion. ALA also inhibited IL-17A secretion mediated by adipocytes differentiated from ob-ASCs. Toll-like-receptor 4 is shown to be involved in ob-ASC-mediated-IL-17A secretion, and to be inhibited by ALA, together with Cyclo-Oxygenase-2 and Signal-Transducer-and-Activator-of-transcription-3. In addition, ALA down-regulated Intercellular-Adhesion-Molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression in both monocytes and ASCs, which resulted in decreased interactions between ob-ASCs and MNCs, and inhibition of IL-17A secretion. CONCLUSION It is demonstrated herein that ALA inhibits Th17 cell promotion, through decreased ICAM-1expression in both ob-ASCs and monocytes. This novel mechanism may contribute to explain the beneficial effects of n-3 PUFA in IL-17A-related inflammatory pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Chehimi
- INSERM U 1060-CarMen, University Claude Bernard Lyon I, 165 Chemin du Grand Revoyet, 69310, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Robert Ward
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Sciences, Utah State University, Old Main Hill, Logan, Utah, 84322, USA
| | - Julien Pestel
- INSERM U 1060-CarMen, University Claude Bernard Lyon I, 165 Chemin du Grand Revoyet, 69310, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Maud Robert
- Department of Surgery in Gastro-enterology, Edouard Herriot Hospital, 1 place d'Arsonval, 69003, Lyon, France
| | - Sandra Pesenti
- INSERM U 1060-CarMen, University Claude Bernard Lyon I, 165 Chemin du Grand Revoyet, 69310, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Nadia Bendridi
- INSERM U 1060-CarMen, University Claude Bernard Lyon I, 165 Chemin du Grand Revoyet, 69310, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Marie-Caroline Michalski
- INSERM U 1060-CarMen, University Claude Bernard Lyon I, 165 Chemin du Grand Revoyet, 69310, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Martine Laville
- INSERM U 1060-CarMen, University Claude Bernard Lyon I, 165 Chemin du Grand Revoyet, 69310, Pierre Bénite, France.,Department of Nutrition, South Lyon Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 165 Chemin du Grand Revoyet, 69310, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Hubert Vidal
- INSERM U 1060-CarMen, University Claude Bernard Lyon I, 165 Chemin du Grand Revoyet, 69310, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Assia Eljaafari
- INSERM U 1060-CarMen, University Claude Bernard Lyon I, 165 Chemin du Grand Revoyet, 69310, Pierre Bénite, France.,Research DO-IT Team, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Faculte de Medecine Lyon Sud, Inserm U1060-CarMen, 165 Chemin du Grand Revoyet, 69310, Pierre Bénite, France
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84
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Van Kaer L, Postoak JL, Wang C, Yang G, Wu L. Innate, innate-like and adaptive lymphocytes in the pathogenesis of MS and EAE. Cell Mol Immunol 2019; 16:531-539. [PMID: 30874627 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-019-0221-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) in which the immune system damages the protective insulation surrounding the nerve fibers that project from neurons. A hallmark of MS and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), is autoimmunity against proteins of the myelin sheath. Most studies in this field have focused on the roles of CD4+ T lymphocytes, which form part of the adaptive immune system as both mediators and regulators in disease pathogenesis. Consequently, the treatments for MS often target the inflammatory CD4+ T-cell responses. However, many other lymphocyte subsets contribute to the pathophysiology of MS and EAE, and these subsets include CD8+ T cells and B cells of the adaptive immune system, lymphocytes of the innate immune system such as natural killer cells, and subsets of innate-like T and B lymphocytes such as γδ T cells, natural killer T cells, and mucosal-associated invariant T cells. Several of these lymphocyte subsets can act as mediators of CNS inflammation, whereas others exhibit immunoregulatory functions in disease. Importantly, the efficacy of some MS treatments might be mediated in part by effects on lymphocytes other than CD4+ T cells. Here we review the contributions of distinct subsets of lymphocytes on the pathogenesis of MS and EAE, with an emphasis on lymphocytes other than CD4+ T cells. A better understanding of the distinct lymphocyte subsets that contribute to the pathophysiology of MS and its experimental models will inform the development of novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Van Kaer
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
| | - Joshua L Postoak
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Chuan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Guan Yang
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Lan Wu
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
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85
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Tostanoski LH, Eppler HB, Xia B, Zeng X, Jewell CM. Engineering release kinetics with polyelectrolyte multilayers to modulate TLR signaling and promote immune tolerance. Biomater Sci 2019; 7:798-808. [PMID: 30656310 PMCID: PMC6391195 DOI: 10.1039/c8bm01572d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune disorders, such as multiple sclerosis and type 1 diabetes, occur when immune cells fail to recognize "self" molecules. Recently, studies have revealed aberrant inflammatory signaling through pathogen sensing pathways, such as toll-like receptors (TLRs), during autoimmune disease. Therapeutic inhibition of these pathways might attenuate disease development, skewing disease-causing inflammatory cells towards cell types that promote tolerance. Delivering antagonistic ligands to a TLR upstream of an inflammatory signaling cascade, TLR9, has demonstrated exciting potential in a mouse model of MS; however, strategies that enable sustained delivery could reduce the need for repeated administration or enhance therapeutic efficacy. We hypothesized that GpG - an oligonucleotide TLR9 antagonist - which is inherently anionic, could be self-assembled into polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) with a cationic, degradable poly(β-amino ester) (Poly1). We hypothesized that degradable Poly1/GpG PEMs could promote sustained release of GpG and modulate inflammatory immune cell functions. Here we demonstrate layer-by-layer assembly of degradable PEMs, as well as subsequent degradation and release of GpG. Following assembly and release, GpG maintains the ability to reduce dendritic cell activation and inflammatory cytokine secretion, restrain TLR9 signaling, and polarize myelin specific T cells towards regulatory phenotypes and functions in primarily immune cells. These results indicate that degradable PEMs may be able to promote tolerogenic immune function in the context of autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa H Tostanoski
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, A. James Clark Hall, Room 5110, 8278 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.
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86
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Li H, Chen L, Ma X, Cui P, Lang W, Hao J. Shared Gene Expression Between Multiple Sclerosis and Ischemic Stroke. Front Genet 2019; 9:598. [PMID: 30809253 PMCID: PMC6379658 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) appear to have an increased risk of ischemic stroke (IS). Although MS and IS have very different phenotypes, gene-based and pathway-based analyses of large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have increasingly enhanced our understanding of these two diseases. Whether there are common molecular mechanisms connecting MS and IS is still unclear. Here, we describe the outcome of gene-based test and pathway-based analysis of GWAS datasets that explored potential gene expression links between MS and IS. After identifying significant gene sets individually of MS and IS, we performed pathway-based analysis in four biological pathway databases (KEGG, PANTHER, REACTOME, and WikiPathways) and GO categories. We discovered that there were 9 shared pathways between MS and IS in KEGG, 2 in PANTHER, 14 in REACTOME, 1 in WikiPathways, and 194 in GO annotations (p < 0.05). These results provide an improved understanding about possible shared mechanisms and treatments strategies for MS and IS. They also provide some basis for further studies of how these two diseases are linked at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Li
- Department of Neurology and Tianjin Neurological Institute, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Neurology and Tianjin Neurological Institute, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaofeng Ma
- Department of Neurology and Tianjin Neurological Institute, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, China
| | - Pan Cui
- Department of Neurology and Tianjin Neurological Institute, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenjing Lang
- Department of Neurology and Tianjin Neurological Institute, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, China
| | - Junwei Hao
- Department of Neurology and Tianjin Neurological Institute, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, China
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87
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Schmolka N, Papotto PH, Romero PV, Amado T, Enguita FJ, Amorim A, Rodrigues AF, Gordon KE, Coroadinha AS, Boldin M, Serre K, Buck AH, Gomes AQ, Silva-Santos B. MicroRNA-146a controls functional plasticity in γδ T cells by targeting NOD1. Sci Immunol 2019; 3:3/23/eaao1392. [PMID: 29728425 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aao1392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
γδ T cells are major providers of proinflammatory cytokines. They are preprogrammed in the mouse thymus into distinct subsets producing either interleukin-17 (IL-17) or interferon-γ (IFN-γ), which segregate with CD27 expression. In the periphery, CD27- γδ (γδ27-) T cells can be induced under inflammatory conditions to coexpress IL-17 and IFN-γ; the molecular basis of this functional plasticity remains to be determined. On the basis of differential microRNA (miRNA) expression analysis and modulation in γδ T cell subsets, we identified miR-146a as a thymically imprinted post-transcriptional brake to limit IFN-γ expression in γδ27- T cells in vitro and in vivo. On the basis of biochemical purification of Argonaute 2-bound miR-146a targets, we identified Nod1 to be a relevant mRNA target that regulates γδ T cell plasticity. In line with this, Nod1-deficient mice lacked multifunctional IL-17+ IFN-γ+ γδ27- cells and were more susceptible to Listeria monocytogenes infection. Our studies establish the miR-146a/NOD1 axis as a key determinant of γδ T cell effector functions and plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Schmolka
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Pedro H Papotto
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Paula Vargas Romero
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Tiago Amado
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Francisco J Enguita
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Amorim
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana F Rodrigues
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal.,Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Katrina E Gordon
- Institute of Immunology and Infection and Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, UK
| | - Ana S Coroadinha
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal.,Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Mark Boldin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Karine Serre
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Amy H Buck
- Institute of Immunology and Infection and Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, UK
| | - Anita Q Gomes
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal. .,Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa, 1990-096 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Bruno Silva-Santos
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal.
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88
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Morris G, Berk M, Maes M, Puri BK. Could Alzheimer's Disease Originate in the Periphery and If So How So? Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:406-434. [PMID: 29705945 PMCID: PMC6372984 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1092-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The classical amyloid cascade model for Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been challenged by several findings. Here, an alternative molecular neurobiological model is proposed. It is shown that the presence of the APOE ε4 allele, altered miRNA expression and epigenetic dysregulation in the promoter region and exon 1 of TREM2, as well as ANK1 hypermethylation and altered levels of histone post-translational methylation leading to increased transcription of TNFA, could variously explain increased levels of peripheral and central inflammation found in AD. In particular, as a result of increased activity of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM-2), the presence of the apolipoprotein E4 (ApoE4) isoform, and changes in ANK1 expression, with subsequent changes in miR-486 leading to altered levels of protein kinase B (Akt), mechanistic (previously mammalian) target of rapamycin (mTOR) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), all of which play major roles in microglial activation, proliferation and survival, there is activation of microglia, leading to the subsequent (further) production of cytokines, chemokines, nitric oxide, prostaglandins, reactive oxygen species, inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2, and other mediators of inflammation and neurotoxicity. These changes are associated with the development of amyloid and tau pathology, mitochondrial dysfunction (including impaired activity of the electron transport chain, depleted basal mitochondrial potential and oxidative damage to key tricarboxylic acid enzymes), synaptic dysfunction, altered glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) activity, mTOR activation, impairment of autophagy, compromised ubiquitin-proteasome system, iron dyshomeostasis, changes in APP translation, amyloid plaque formation, tau hyperphosphorylation and neurofibrillary tangle formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerwyn Morris
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, P.O. Box 291, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael Berk
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, P.O. Box 291, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, Level 1 North, Main Block, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, Kenneth Myer Building, University of Melbourne, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, 35 Poplar Rd, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael Maes
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, P.O. Box 291, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Basant K Puri
- Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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89
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Bystander T Cells: A Balancing Act of Friends and Foes. Trends Immunol 2018; 39:1021-1035. [PMID: 30413351 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
T cell responses are essential for appropriate protection against pathogens. T cell immunity is achieved through the ability to discriminate between foreign and self-molecules, and this relies heavily on stringent T cell receptor (TCR) specificity. Recently, bystander activated T lymphocytes, that are specific for unrelated epitopes during an antigen-specific response, have been implicated in diverse diseases. Numerous infection models have challenged the classic dogma of T cell activation as being solely dependent on TCR and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) interactions, indicating an unappreciated role for pathogen-associated receptors on T cells. We discuss here the specific roles of bystander activated T cells in pathogenesis, shedding light on the ability of these cells to modulate disease severity independently from TCR recognition.
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90
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Moon JS, Lee HJ, Ho CC, Shin JS, Ghosh S, Kim JH, Lee SK. Immuno-suppressive function of nucleus-transducible BAF57-ΔPH in T cell activation via degradation of endogenous BAF57. Int J Hematol 2018; 108:375-383. [PMID: 29978433 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-018-2491-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The BAF57 subunit, an indispensable member of the BAF complex, is functionally implicated in apoptosis, cell cycle, and T cell development through chromosomal remodeling. However, the precise roles of BAF57 in the T cell receptor (TcR)-mediated signaling pathway have not been elucidated. In this study, a nucleus-transducible form of BAF57, absent the proline-rich and HMG domains (ntBAF57-ΔPH), was generated to interfere with the interaction between BAF57 and its binding protein, BAF155. ntBAF57-ΔPH was effectively delivered into mouse CD4+ T cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner, without cellular toxicity. Inhibition of T cell activation by ntBAF57-ΔPH was mediated by its disruption of the interaction between BAF155 and BAF57, leading to the degradation of endogenous BAF57 and BAF155. This phenomenon led to alterations in gene expression similar to those associated with Ciclosporin A treatment. In vivo administration of ntBAF57-ΔPH enhanced survival rate of sepsis-induced mice and reduced the LPS-induced secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the expression of endogenous BAF57. These results reveal a novel function of BAF57 as an essential regulator of T cell activation. ntBAF57-ΔPH represents a novel immune-suppressive drug candidate with potential uses in the treatment of autoimmunity and graft rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Seung Moon
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Jai Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chun-Chang Ho
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Su Shin
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sankar Ghosh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jung-Ho Kim
- Good T cells, Inc, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Kyou Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Good T cells, Inc, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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91
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Sahoo SS, Pratheek BM, Meena VS, Nayak TK, Kumar PS, Bandyopadhyay S, Maiti PK, Chattopadhyay S. VIPER regulates naive T cell activation and effector responses: Implication in TLR4 associated acute stage T cell responses. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7118. [PMID: 29740052 PMCID: PMC5940837 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25549-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Naive T cells are known to express the modest level of TLR4 while it is known to go down during TCR activation. However, information towards the requirement of TLR4 signaling during TCR or mitogenic activation of naive wild-type T cells remains scanty. Here we have investigated the endogenous functional expression of TLR4 in naive mice T cells during TCR and mitogenic stimulation in presence of VIPER peptide (VP), an established inhibitor of TLR4 signaling. As expected we found that TLR4 expression goes down during TCR and mitogenic activation. Interestingly, we observed that VP treatment restores TLR4 expression on those activated T cells. Moreover, VP was found to regulate such activation of naive T cell as evident by reduction of CD25, CD69 expression, effector cytokines (IL-2, IFN-γ, TNF) production, T cell proliferation and down-regulation of T cell activation-dependent Fas (CD95), FasL (CD95L) expression. Together, our current observation highlights a possible requirement of TLR4 responses in T cells, which might have possible implication towards the pathogenic acute phase activation of naive T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhransu Sekhar Sahoo
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Bhubaneswar, Jatni, Khurda, 752050, Odisha, India
| | - Belluru M Pratheek
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Bhubaneswar, Jatni, Khurda, 752050, Odisha, India
| | - Vikram S Meena
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Bhubaneswar, Jatni, Khurda, 752050, Odisha, India
| | - Tapas Kumar Nayak
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Bhubaneswar, Jatni, Khurda, 752050, Odisha, India
| | - P Sanjai Kumar
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Bhubaneswar, Jatni, Khurda, 752050, Odisha, India
| | - Saumya Bandyopadhyay
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Bhubaneswar, Jatni, Khurda, 752050, Odisha, India
| | | | - Subhasis Chattopadhyay
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Bhubaneswar, Jatni, Khurda, 752050, Odisha, India.
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92
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Short chain fatty acid, acetate ameliorates sepsis-induced acute kidney injury by inhibition of NADPH oxidase signaling in T cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 58:24-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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93
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Genistein modulates the expression of Toll-like receptors in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Inflamm Res 2018; 67:597-608. [DOI: 10.1007/s00011-018-1146-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
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94
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Huang L, Xu H, Peng G. TLR-mediated metabolic reprogramming in the tumor microenvironment: potential novel strategies for cancer immunotherapy. Cell Mol Immunol 2018; 15:428-437. [PMID: 29553135 PMCID: PMC6068099 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2018.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular energy metabolism not only promotes tumor cell growth and metastasis but also directs immune cell survival, proliferation and the ability to perform specific and functional immune responses within the tumor microenvironment. A better understanding of the molecular regulation of metabolism in different cell components in the tumor-suppressive microenvironment is critical for the development of effective strategies for human cancer treatments. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have recently been recognized as critical factors involved in tumor pathogenesis, regulating both tumor cells and tumor-infiltrating innate and adaptive immune cells. However, little is known about the molecular crosstalk between TLR signaling and tumor or/and immune cell metabolism, although there is abundant expression of TLRs in these cells. In this review, we explore the functional role of TLR signaling in reprogramming cell metabolism in the tumor microenvironment. In particular, we discuss how malignant tumors regulate metabolism to support their growth and survival, summarize more recently identified metabolic profiles of different immune cell subsets and TLR-mediated regulation of cellular metabolism in both tumor and immune cells, and further explore potential strategies targeting cell metabolism for TLR-based cancer therapy. An improved understanding of these issues should open new avenues for the development of novel strategies via TLR-mediated metabolic reprogramming of the tumor microenvironment for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Huang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 63104, Saint Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Jiangsu University School of Medicine, 212013, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Huaxi Xu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Jiangsu University School of Medicine, 212013, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Guangyong Peng
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 63104, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
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95
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McGinley AM, Edwards SC, Raverdeau M, Mills KHG. Th17 cells, γδ T cells and their interplay in EAE and multiple sclerosis. J Autoimmun 2018; 87:S0896-8411(18)30007-6. [PMID: 29395738 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS) that shares many features with the human disease. This review will focus on the role of IL-17-secreting CD4 and γδ T cells in EAE and MS, the plasticity of Th17 cells in vivo and the application of these findings to the understating of the pathogenesis and the development of new treatments for MS. There is convincing evidence that IL-17-secreting CD4 T cells (Th17 cells) and IL-17-secreting γδ T cells play a critical pathogenic role in central nervous system (CNS) inflammation in EAE and MS. Indeed a significant number of the major discoveries on the pathogenic role of IL-17-secreting T cells in autoimmunity were made in the EAE model. These included the first demonstration that IL-23-activated IL-17-secreting T cells are the key T cells in driving autoimmune disease pathology. Although the early studies on IL-17 focused on Th17 cells, it was later demonstrated that γδ T cells were an important early source of IL-17 and IL-21 that helped amplify IL-17 production by Th17 cells in autoimmune diseases. Furthermore, it emerged that Th1 cells can also have encephalitogenic activity and that there was considerable plasticity in these T cell responses, with Th17 cells reverting to a Th1 phenotype in vivo. This questioned the pathogenic role of IL-17 and suggested that other cytokines, such as IFN-γ, GM-CSF and TNF, may be important. Nevertheless, biological drugs that target the IL-23-IL-17 pathway are highly effective in treating human psoriasis and are showing promise in the treatment of relapsing remitting MS and other T-cell mediated autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoife M McGinley
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Sarah C Edwards
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Mathilde Raverdeau
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Kingston H G Mills
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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96
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Chang CA, Akinbobuyi B, Quintana JM, Yoshimatsu G, Naziruddin B, Kane RR. Ex-vivo generation of drug-eluting islets improves transplant outcomes by inhibiting TLR4-Mediated NFkB upregulation. Biomaterials 2017; 159:13-24. [PMID: 29309990 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The systemic administration of immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory drugs is routinely employed in organ transplantation to minimize graft rejection and improve graft survival. Localized drug delivery has the potential to improve transplant outcomes by providing sustained exposure to efficacious drug concentrations while avoiding systemic immunosuppression and off-target effects. Here, we describe the synthesis of a novel prodrug and its direct covalent conjugation to pancreatic islets via a cleavable linker. Post-transplant, linker hydrolysis results in the release of a potent anti-inflammatory antagonist of TLR4, localized to the site of implantation. This covalent islet modification significantly reduces the time and the minimal effective dose of islets necessary to achieve normoglycemia in a murine transplantation model. In streptozotocin-induced diabetic C57BL/6 mice a syngeneic transplant of ∼100 modified islets achieved a 100% cure rate by the end of a 4-week monitoring period, compared to a 0% cure rate for untreated control islets. Overall, this direct prodrug conjugation to islets is well tolerated and preserves their functionality while affording significantly superior transplant outcomes. The development of drug-eluting tissues that deliver sustained and localized doses of small-molecule therapeutics represents a novel pathway for enhancing success in transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles A Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| | - Babatope Akinbobuyi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| | - Jeremy M Quintana
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| | - Gumpei Yoshimatsu
- Islet Cell Laboratory, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, TX 75226, USA
| | - Bashoo Naziruddin
- Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA; Annette C. and Harold C. Simmons Transplant Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75246, USA
| | - Robert R Kane
- Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA.
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97
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Ferreira TB, Hygino J, Wing AC, Kasahara TM, Sacramento PM, Camargo S, Rueda F, Alves-Leon SV, Alvarenga R, Vasconcelos CC, Agrawal A, Gupta S, Bento CAM. Different interleukin-17-secreting Toll-like receptor + T-cell subsets are associated with disease activity in multiple sclerosis. Immunology 2017; 154:239-252. [PMID: 29168181 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Signalling through Toll-like receptors (TLRs) may play a role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, such as multiple sclerosis (MS). In the present study, the expression of TLR-2, -4 and -9 was significantly higher on CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells from MS patients compared to healthy individuals. Following in-vitro activation, the proportion of interleukin (IL)-17+ and IL-6+ CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells was higher in the patients. In addition, the proportion of IFN-γ-secreting TLR+ CD8+ T-cells was increased in MS patients. Among different IL-17+ T-cell phenotypes, the proportion of IL-17+ TLR+ CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells producing IFN-γ or IL-6 were positively associated with the number of active brain lesions and neurological disabilities. Interestingly, activation of purified CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells with ligands for TLR-2 (Pam3Csk4), TLR-4 [lipopolysaccharide (LPS)] and TLR-9 [oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN)] directly induced cytokine production in MS patients. Among the pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), Pam3Csk4 was more potent than other TLR ligands in inducing the production of all proinflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, IL-6, IFN-γ, IL-17 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) levels produced by Pam3Csk4-activated CD4+ cells were directly associated with disease activity. A similar correlation was observed with regard to IL-17 levels released by Pam3Csk4-stimulated CD8+ T-cells and clinical parameters. In conclusion, our data suggest that the expansion of different T helper type 17 (Th17) phenotypes expressing TLR-2, -4 and -9 is associated with MS disease activity, and reveals a preferential ability of TLR-2 ligand in directly inducing the production of cytokines related to brains lesions and neurological disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais B Ferreira
- Post-graduate Program in Microbiology, University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Joana Hygino
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Wing
- Post-graduate Program Neurology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Taissa M Kasahara
- Post-graduate Program in Microbiology, University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Priscila M Sacramento
- Post-graduate Program in Microbiology, University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Solange Camargo
- Lagoa Hospital, Barra da Tijuca Unity, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Rueda
- Clinical of Diagnosis by Image, Barra da Tijuca Unity, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Soniza V Alves-Leon
- Post-graduate Program Neurology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Regina Alvarenga
- Post-graduate Program Neurology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Cleonice A M Bento
- Post-graduate Program in Microbiology, University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Post-graduate Program Neurology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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98
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Immuno-enhancement effect of polysaccharide extracted from Stichopus japonicus on cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression mice. Food Sci Biotechnol 2017; 27:565-573. [PMID: 30263781 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-017-0248-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharide (SJP) was extracted from Sea cucumber, Stichopus japonicas, and its immune-enhancing activities were evaluated in vivo immune-suppressed mice systems. Cyclophosphamide(CY)-treated mice were orally administrated with SJP according to different concentrations. The results showed that administration of SJP significantly increased spleen index without variation of the body weight, compared to only CY treatment group. The proliferation of splenic lymphocyte and NK activity was also stimulated by SJP. In addition, the oral administration of SJP up-regulated COX-2 and TLR-4 as well as cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and IFN-γ, which are secreted from splenic lymphocytes in cyclophosphamide-treated mice. Moreover, our results showed that SJP stimulated macrophages via NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. These findings provided the potential use of SJP as an alternative means under immune-suppressed conditions, and furthermore can be utilized as a functional material for food and pharmaceutical industries.
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99
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Quercetin protects mouse liver against triptolide-induced hepatic injury by restoring Th17/Treg balance through Tim-3 and TLR4-MyD88-NF-κB pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 53:73-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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100
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Borba HHL, Funke A, Wiens A, Utiyama SRDR, Perlin CM, Pontarolo R. Update on Biologic Therapies for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2017; 18:44. [PMID: 27299782 DOI: 10.1007/s11926-016-0589-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic multisystemic autoimmune disease driven by genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors. Despite the advances in diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in the last decades, SLE still leads to significant morbidity and increased mortality. Although a cure for SLE is still unknown, treatment is required to control acute disease exacerbation episodes (flares), decrease the frequency and severity of subsequent lupus flares, address comorbidities, and prevent end-organ damage. While conventional SLE pharmacotherapy may exhibit suboptimal efficacy and substantial toxicity, a growing knowledge of the disease pathogenesis enabled the research on novel therapeutic agents directed at specific disease-related targets. In this paper, we review the recent progress in the clinical investigation of biologic agents targeting B cells, T cells, cytokines, innate immunity, and other immunologic or inflammatory pathways. Although many investigational agents exhibited insufficient efficacy or inadequate safety in clinical trials, one of them, belimumab, fulfilled the efficacy and safety regulatory requirements and was approved for the treatment of SLE in Europe and the USA, which confirms that, despite all difficulties, advances in this field are possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Hiemisch Lobo Borba
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences Postgraduate Research Program, Federal University of Parana, Campus III, Av. Pref. Lothario Meissner, 632, Jardim Botanico, Curitiba, PR, 80210-170, Brazil
| | - Andreas Funke
- Rheumatology Service, Hospital de Clinicas, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Astrid Wiens
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences Postgraduate Research Program, Federal University of Parana, Campus III, Av. Pref. Lothario Meissner, 632, Jardim Botanico, Curitiba, PR, 80210-170, Brazil
| | - Shirley Ramos da Rosa Utiyama
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences Postgraduate Research Program, Federal University of Parana, Campus III, Av. Pref. Lothario Meissner, 632, Jardim Botanico, Curitiba, PR, 80210-170, Brazil
| | - Cássio Marques Perlin
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences Postgraduate Research Program, Federal University of Parana, Campus III, Av. Pref. Lothario Meissner, 632, Jardim Botanico, Curitiba, PR, 80210-170, Brazil
| | - Roberto Pontarolo
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences Postgraduate Research Program, Federal University of Parana, Campus III, Av. Pref. Lothario Meissner, 632, Jardim Botanico, Curitiba, PR, 80210-170, Brazil.
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