51
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Gipson CD, Rawls S, Scofield MD, Siemsen BM, Bondy EO, Maher EE. Interactions of neuroimmune signaling and glutamate plasticity in addiction. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:56. [PMID: 33612110 PMCID: PMC7897396 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02072-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic use of drugs of abuse affects neuroimmune signaling; however, there are still many open questions regarding the interactions between neuroimmune mechanisms and substance use disorders (SUDs). Further, chronic use of drugs of abuse can induce glutamatergic changes in the brain, but the relationship between the glutamate system and neuroimmune signaling in addiction is not well understood. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to bring into focus the role of neuroimmune signaling and its interactions with the glutamate system following chronic drug use, and how this may guide pharmacotherapeutic treatment strategies for SUDs. In this review, we first describe neuroimmune mechanisms that may be linked to aberrant glutamate signaling in addiction. We focus specifically on the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway, a potentially important neuroimmune mechanism that may be a key player in driving drug-seeking behavior. We highlight the importance of astroglial-microglial crosstalk, and how this interacts with known glutamatergic dysregulations in addiction. Then, we describe the importance of studying non-neuronal cells with unprecedented precision because understanding structure-function relationships in these cells is critical in understanding their role in addiction neurobiology. Here we propose a working model of neuroimmune-glutamate interactions that underlie drug use motivation, which we argue may aid strategies for small molecule drug development to treat substance use disorders. Together, the synthesis of this review shows that interactions between glutamate and neuroimmune signaling may play an important and understudied role in addiction processes and may be critical in developing more efficacious pharmacotherapies to treat SUDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra D Gipson
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Kentucky, 741 S. Limestone, BBSRB, Room 363, Lexington, KY, 40536-0509, USA.
| | - Scott Rawls
- Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Michael D Scofield
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, USA
| | - Benjamin M Siemsen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, USA
| | - Emma O Bondy
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Kentucky, 741 S. Limestone, BBSRB, Room 363, Lexington, KY, 40536-0509, USA
| | - Erin E Maher
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Kentucky, 741 S. Limestone, BBSRB, Room 363, Lexington, KY, 40536-0509, USA
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52
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Pattern of Tobacco Smoking Among Egyptian Patients With Bipolar Disorder. ADDICTIVE DISORDERS & THEIR TREATMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1097/adt.0000000000000248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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53
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Accumbens Cholinergic Interneurons Mediate Cue-Induced Nicotine Seeking and Associated Glutamatergic Plasticity. eNeuro 2021; 8:ENEURO.0276-20.2020. [PMID: 33239269 PMCID: PMC7890519 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0276-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotine, the primary addictive substance in tobacco, is widely abused. Relapse to cues associated with nicotine results in increased glutamate release within nucleus accumbens core (NAcore), modifying synaptic plasticity of medium spiny neurons (MSNs), which contributes to reinstatement of nicotine seeking. However, the role of cholinergic interneurons (ChIs) within the NAcore in mediating these neurobehavioral processes is unknown. ChIs represent less than 1% of the accumbens neuronal population and are activated during drug seeking and reward-predicting events. Thus, we hypothesized that ChIs may play a significant role in mediating glutamatergic plasticity that underlies nicotine-seeking behavior. Using chemogenetics in transgenic rats expressing Cre under the control of the choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) promoter, ChIs were bidirectionally manipulated before cue-induced reinstatement. Following nicotine self-administration and extinction, ChIs were activated or inhibited before a cue reinstatement session. Following reinstatement, whole-cell electrophysiology from NAcore MSNs was used to assess changes in plasticity, measured via AMPA/NMDA (A/N) ratios. Chemogenetic inhibition of ChIs inhibited cued nicotine seeking and resulted in decreased A/N, relative to control animals, whereas activation of ChIs was unaltered, demonstrating that ChI inhibition may modulate plasticity underlying cue-induced nicotine seeking. These results demonstrate that ChI neurons play an important role in mediating cue-induced nicotine reinstatement and underlying synaptic plasticity within the NAcore.
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Quintanilla ME, Morales P, Ezquer F, Ezquer M, Herrera-Marschitz M, Israel Y. Administration of N-acetylcysteine Plus Acetylsalicylic Acid Markedly Inhibits Nicotine Reinstatement Following Chronic Oral Nicotine Intake in Female Rats. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 14:617418. [PMID: 33633548 PMCID: PMC7902020 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2020.617418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nicotine is the major addictive component of cigarette smoke and the prime culprit of the failure to quit smoking. Common elements perpetuating the use of addictive drugs are (i) cues associated with the setting in which drug was used and (ii) relapse/reinstatement mediated by an increased glutamatergic tone (iii) associated with drug-induced neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. Aims The present study assessed the effect of the coadministration of the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) plus the anti-inflammatory acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) on oral nicotine reinstatement intake following a post-deprivation re-access in female rats that had chronically and voluntarily consumed a nicotine solution orally. The nicotine-induced oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in the hippocampus and its effects on the glutamate transporters GLT-1 and XCT mRNA levels in prefrontal cortex were also analyzed. Results The oral coadministration of NAC (40 mg/kg/day) and ASA (15 mg/kg/day) inhibited by 85% of the oral nicotine reinstatement intake compared to control (vehicle), showing an additive effect of both drugs. Acetylsalicylic acid and N-acetylcysteine normalized hippocampal oxidative stress and blunted the hippocampal neuroinflammation observed upon oral nicotine reinstatement. Nicotine downregulated GLT-1 and xCT gene expression in the prefrontal cortex, an effect reversed by N-acetylcysteine, while acetylsalicylic acid reversed the nicotine-induced downregulation of GLT-1 gene expression. The inhibitory effect of N-acetylcysteine on chronic nicotine intake was blocked by the administration of sulfasalazine, an inhibitor of the xCT transporter. Conclusion Nicotine reinstatement, following post-deprivation of chronic oral nicotine intake, downregulates the mRNA levels of GLT-1 and xCT transporters, an effect reversed by the coadministration of N-acetylcysteine and acetylsalicylic acid, leading to a marked inhibition of nicotine intake. The combination of these drugs may constitute a valuable adjunct in the treatment of nicotine-dependent behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Elena Quintanilla
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paola Morales
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernando Ezquer
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcelo Ezquer
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mario Herrera-Marschitz
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Yedy Israel
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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55
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Social isolation enhances cued-reinstatement of sucrose and nicotine seeking, but this is reversed by a return to social housing. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2422. [PMID: 33510269 PMCID: PMC7843648 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81966-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical or perceived (i.e. loneliness) social isolation is increasing in Western cultures. Unfortunately, social isolation is associated with a range of negative physical and mental health outcomes, including increased incidence of obesity and smoking. Here we monitored the impact of social isolation on a range of physical measures, and then tested whether social isolation in adult rats changes how reward-related stimuli motivate sucrose- or nicotine-seeking. Socially isolated rats showed elevated baseline CORT, gained significantly less weight across the study, were more active in response to a novel or familiar environment. Isolated rats also acquired nose-poking for a food pellet more rapidly, and showed increased susceptibility to cue-, but not reward-induced reinstatement. Notably, these effects are partially mitigated by a return to group housing, suggesting that they are not necessarily permanent, and that a return to a social setting can quickly reverse any deficits or changes associated with social isolation. This study advances our understanding of altered reward-processing in socially isolated individuals and reiterates the importance of socialisation in the treatment of disorders such as overeating and addiction.
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56
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Radiske A, Gonzalez MC, Nôga DA, Rossato JI, Bevilaqua LRM, Cammarota M. GluN2B and GluN2A-containing NMDAR are differentially involved in extinction memory destabilization and restabilization during reconsolidation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:186. [PMID: 33420399 PMCID: PMC7794413 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80674-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Extinction memory destabilized by recall is restabilized through mTOR-dependent reconsolidation in the hippocampus, but the upstream pathways controlling these processes remain unknown. Hippocampal NMDARs drive local protein synthesis via mTOR signaling and may control active memory maintenance. We found that in adult male Wistar rats, intra dorsal-CA1 administration of the non-subunit selective NMDAR antagonist AP5 or of the GluN2A subunit-containing NMDAR antagonist TCN201 after step down inhibitory avoidance (SDIA) extinction memory recall impaired extinction memory retention and caused SDIA memory recovery. On the contrary, pre-recall administration of AP5 or of the GluN2B subunit-containing NMDAR antagonist RO25-6981 had no effect on extinction memory recall or retention per se but hindered the recovery of the avoidance response induced by post-recall intra-CA1 infusion of the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin. Our results indicate that GluN2B-containing NMDARs are necessary for extinction memory destabilization whereas GluN2A-containing NMDARs are involved in its restabilization, and suggest that pharmacological modulation of the relative activation state of these receptor subtypes around the moment of extinction memory recall may regulate the dominance of extinction memory over the original memory trace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andressa Radiske
- Memory Research Laboratory, Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Nascimento de Castro 2155, Natal, RN, 59056-450, Brazil
| | - Maria Carolina Gonzalez
- Memory Research Laboratory, Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Nascimento de Castro 2155, Natal, RN, 59056-450, Brazil.,Edmond and Lily Safra International Institute of Neuroscience, Av. Alberto Santos Dumont 1560, Macaiba, RN, 59280-000, Brazil
| | - Diana A Nôga
- Memory Research Laboratory, Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Nascimento de Castro 2155, Natal, RN, 59056-450, Brazil
| | - Janine I Rossato
- Memory Research Laboratory, Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Nascimento de Castro 2155, Natal, RN, 59056-450, Brazil.,Department of Physiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Sen. Salgado Filho 3000, Natal, RN, 59064-741, Brazil
| | - Lia R M Bevilaqua
- Memory Research Laboratory, Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Nascimento de Castro 2155, Natal, RN, 59056-450, Brazil
| | - Martín Cammarota
- Memory Research Laboratory, Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Nascimento de Castro 2155, Natal, RN, 59056-450, Brazil.
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Abstract
Animal behavior was classically considered to be determined exclusively by neuronal activity, whereas surrounding glial cells such as astrocytes played only supportive roles. However, astrocytes are as numerous as neurons in the mammalian brain, and current findings indicate a chemically based dialog between astrocytes and neurons. Activation of astrocytes by synaptically released neurotransmitters converges on regulating intracellular Ca2+ in astrocytes, which then can regulate the efficacy of near and distant tripartite synapses at diverse timescales through gliotransmitter release. Here, we discuss recent evidence on how diverse behaviors are impacted by this dialog. These recent findings support a paradigm shift in neuroscience, in which animal behavior does not result exclusively from neuronal activity but from the coordinated activity of both astrocytes and neurons. Decoding how astrocytes and neurons interact with each other in various brain circuits will be fundamental to fully understanding how behaviors originate and become dysregulated in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Kofuji
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA;
| | - Alfonso Araque
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA;
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58
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Metaplasticity in the Ventral Pallidum as a Potential Marker for the Propensity to Gain Weight in Chronic High-Calorie Diet. J Neurosci 2020; 40:9725-9735. [PMID: 33199503 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1809-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A major driver of obesity is the increasing palatability of processed foods. Although reward circuits promote the consumption of palatable food, their involvement in obesity remains unclear. The ventral pallidum (VP) is a key hub in the reward system that encodes the hedonic aspects of palatable food consumption and participates in various proposed feeding circuits. However, there is still no evidence for its involvement in developing diet-induced obesity. Here we examine, using male C57BL6/J mice and patch-clamp electrophysiology, how chronic high-fat high-sugar (HFHS) diet changes the physiology of the VP and whether mice that gain the most weight differ in their VP physiology from others. We found that 10-12 weeks of HFHS diet hyperpolarized and decreased the firing rate of VP neurons without a major change in synaptic inhibitory input. Within the HFHS group, the top 33% weight gainers (WGs) had a more hyperpolarized VP with longer latency to fire action potentials on depolarization compared with bottom 33% of weight gainers (i.e., non-weight gainers). WGs also showed synaptic potentiation of inhibitory inputs both at the millisecond and minute ranges. Moreover, we found that the tendency to potentiate the inhibitory inputs to the VP might exist in overeating mice even before exposure to HFHS, thus making it a potential property of being an overeater. These data point to the VP as a critical player in obesity and suggest that hyperpolarized membrane potential of, and potentiated inhibitory inputs to, VP neurons may play a significant role in promoting the overeating of palatable food.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT In modern world, where highly palatable food is readily available, overeating is often driven by motivational, rather than metabolic, needs. It is thus conceivable that reward circuits differ between obese and normal-weight individuals. But is such difference, if it exists, innate or does it develop with overeating? Here we reveal synaptic properties in the ventral pallidum, a central hub of reward circuits, that differ between mice that gain the most and the least weight when given unlimited access to highly palatable food. We show that these synaptic differences also exist without exposure to palatable food, potentially making them innate properties that render some more susceptible than others to overeat. Thus, the propensity to overeat may have a strong innate component embedded in reward circuits.
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Effects of long-term cocaine self-administration on brain resting-state functional connectivity in nonhuman primates. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:420. [PMID: 33268770 PMCID: PMC7710734 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-01101-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term cocaine use is associated with a variety of neural and behavioral deficits that impact daily function. This study was conducted to examine the effects of chronic cocaine self-administration on resting-state functional connectivity of the dorsal anterior cingulate (dACC) and putamen-two brain regions involved in cognitive function and motoric behavior-identified in a whole brain analysis. Six adult male squirrel monkeys self-administered cocaine (0.32 mg/kg/inj) over 140 sessions. Six additional monkeys that had not received any drug treatment for ~1.5 years served as drug-free controls. Resting-state fMRI imaging sessions at 9.4 Tesla were conducted under isoflurane anesthesia. Functional connectivity maps were derived using seed regions placed in the left dACC or putamen. Results show that cocaine maintained robust self-administration with an average total intake of 367 mg/kg (range: 299-424 mg/kg). In the cocaine group, functional connectivity between the dACC seed and regions primarily involved in motoric behavior was weaker, whereas connectivity between the dACC seed and areas implicated in reward and cognitive processing was stronger. In the putamen seed, weaker widespread connectivity was found between the putamen and other motor regions as well as with prefrontal areas that regulate higher-order executive function; stronger connectivity was found with reward-related regions. dACC connectivity was associated with total cocaine intake. These data indicate that functional connectivity between regions involved in motor, reward, and cognitive processing differed between subjects with recent histories of cocaine self-administration and controls; in dACC, connectivity appears to be related to cumulative cocaine dosage during chronic exposure.
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60
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Cano-Cebrián MJ, Fernández-Rodríguez S, Hipólito L, Granero L, Polache A, Zornoza T. Efficacy of N-acetylcysteine in the prevention of alcohol relapse-like drinking: Study in long-term ethanol-experienced male rats. J Neurosci Res 2020; 99:638-648. [PMID: 33063355 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorders are chronic and highly relapsing disorders, thus alcoholic patients have a high rate of recidivism for drug use even after long periods of abstinence. The literature points to the potential usefulness of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in the management of several substance use disorders probably due to its capacity to restore brain homeostasis of the glutamate system disrupted in addiction. However, there is little evidence in the case of alcohol. The aim of this study was to explore the potential anti-relapse efficacy of NAC using the alcohol deprivation effect (ADE) model in long-term experienced rats. Two experiments were performed in male Wistar rats to: (a) test the efficacy of NAC to prevent relapse and (b) discriminate the best administration schedule (intermittent vs. continuous) for NAC. In the first experiment, animals were implanted with mini-osmotic pumps delivering 0 or 1 mg/hr NAC during 14 days. In a second experiment, rats received 0, 60, or 100 mg/kg once daily by subcutaneous injection. The efficacy to prevent ADE was evaluated in both experiments. NAC subcutaneously administered, either by continuous infusion or by intermittent injections regimen, is able to block the ADE. The best results were obtained after using 60 mg/kg NAC dose. Our findings support the hypothesis that NAC may represent a valuable therapy in the management of alcohol relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José Cano-Cebrián
- Departament de Farmàcia i Tecnologia Farmacèutica i Parasitologia, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Sandra Fernández-Rodríguez
- Departament de Farmàcia i Tecnologia Farmacèutica i Parasitologia, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Lucia Hipólito
- Departament de Farmàcia i Tecnologia Farmacèutica i Parasitologia, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Luis Granero
- Departament de Farmàcia i Tecnologia Farmacèutica i Parasitologia, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Ana Polache
- Departament de Farmàcia i Tecnologia Farmacèutica i Parasitologia, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Teodoro Zornoza
- Departament de Farmàcia i Tecnologia Farmacèutica i Parasitologia, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
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Kumar M, Adeluyi A, Anderson EL, Turner JR. Glial cells as therapeutic targets for smoking cessation. Neuropharmacology 2020; 175:108157. [PMID: 32461156 PMCID: PMC7791555 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Smoking remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States, with less than 5% of smokers attempting to quit succeeding. This low smoking cessation success rate is thought to be due to the long-term adaptations and alterations in synaptic plasticity that occur following chronic nicotine exposure and withdrawal. Glial cells have recently emerged as active players in the development of dependence phenotypes due to their roles in modulating neuronal functions and synaptic plasticity. Fundamental studies have demonstrated that microglia and astrocytes are crucial for synapse formation and elimination in the developing brain, likely contributing to why glial dysfunction is implicated in numerous neurological and psychiatric disorders. Recently, there is increasing evidence for the involvement of glial cells in drug dependence and its associated behavioral manifestations. This review summarizes the newly evaluated role of microglia and astrocytes as molecular drivers of nicotine dependence and withdrawal phenotypes. This article is part of the special issue on 'Contemporary Advances in Nicotine Neuropharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Pharmacy, Lexington, KY, USA.
| | - Adewale Adeluyi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Pharmacy, Lexington, KY, USA; Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Disease, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Erin L Anderson
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA.
| | - Jill R Turner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Pharmacy, Lexington, KY, USA.
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Namba MD, Kupchik YM, Spencer SM, Garcia‐Keller C, Goenaga JG, Powell GL, Vicino IA, Hogue IB, Gipson CD. Accumbens neuroimmune signaling and dysregulation of astrocytic glutamate transport underlie conditioned nicotine-seeking behavior. Addict Biol 2020; 25:e12797. [PMID: 31330570 PMCID: PMC7323912 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Nicotine self-administration is associated with decreased expression of the glial glutamate transporter (GLT-1) and the cystine-glutamate exchange protein xCT within the nucleus accumbens core (NAcore). N-acetylcysteine (NAC) has been shown to restore these proteins in a rodent model of drug addiction and relapse. However, the specific molecular mechanisms driving its inhibitory effects on cue-induced nicotine reinstatement are unknown. Here, we confirm that extinction of nicotine-seeking behavior is associated with impaired NAcore GLT-1 function and expression and demonstrates that reinstatement of nicotine seeking rapidly enhances membrane fraction GLT-1 expression. Extinction and cue-induced reinstatement of nicotine seeking was also associated with increased tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and decreased glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression in the NAcore. NAC treatment (100 mg/kg/day, i.p., for 5 d) inhibited cue-induced nicotine seeking and suppressed AMPA to NMDA current ratios, suggesting that NAC reduces NAcore postsynaptic excitability. In separate experiments, rats received NAC and an antisense vivo-morpholino to selectively suppress GLT-1 expression in the NAcore during extinction and were subsequently tested for cue-induced reinstatement of nicotine seeking. NAC treatment rescued NAcore GLT-1 expression and attenuated cue-induced nicotine seeking, which was blocked by GLT-1 antisense. NAC also reduced TNFα expression in the NAcore. Viral manipulation of the NF-κB pathway, which is downstream of TNFα, revealed that cue-induced nicotine seeking is regulated by NF-κB pathway signaling in the NAcore independent of GLT-1 expression. Ultimately, these results are the first to show that immunomodulatory mechanisms may regulate known nicotine-induced alterations in glutamatergic plasticity that mediate cue-induced nicotine-seeking behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D. Namba
- Department of PsychologyArizona State University Tempe AZ USA
| | - Yonatan M. Kupchik
- Department of Medical NeurobiologyHebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem Israel
| | - Sade M. Spencer
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of Minnesota Minneapolis MN USA
| | | | | | - Gregory L. Powell
- Department of PsychologyArizona State University Tempe AZ USA
- School of Life SciencesArizona State University Tempe AZ USA
| | - Ian A. Vicino
- School of Life SciencesArizona State University Tempe AZ USA
- Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines, and Virotherapy, Biodesign InstituteArizona State University Tempe AZ USA
| | - Ian B. Hogue
- School of Life SciencesArizona State University Tempe AZ USA
- Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines, and Virotherapy, Biodesign InstituteArizona State University Tempe AZ USA
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63
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Kruyer A, Kalivas PW. Astrocytes as cellular mediators of cue reactivity in addiction. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2020; 56:1-6. [PMID: 32862045 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2020.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Relapse to addictive drug use remains a major medical problem worldwide. In rodents, glutamate release in the nucleus accumbens core triggers reinstated drug seeking in response to stress, and drug-associated cues and contexts. Glutamatergic dysregulation in addiction results in part from long-lasting adaptations in accumbens astroglia, including downregulation of the glutamate transporter GLT-1 and retraction from synapses after withdrawal from psychostimulants and opioids. While their capacity to clear glutamate is disrupted by drug use and withdrawal, accumbens astrocytes undergo rapid, transient plasticity in response to drug-associated cues that reinstate seeking. Cued reinstatement of heroin seeking, for example, restores synaptic proximity of astrocyte processes through ezrin phosphorylation, and enhances GLT-1 surface expression. These adaptations limit drug seeking behavior and largely occur on non-overlapping populations of astroglia. Here we review the growing literature supporting a critical role for accumbens astrocytes in modulating glutamate transmission during drug seeking in rodent models of relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kruyer
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, United States.
| | - Peter W Kalivas
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, United States
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64
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Jin XT, Tucker BR, Drenan RM. Nicotine Self-Administration Induces Plastic Changes to Nicotinic Receptors in Medial Habenula. eNeuro 2020; 7:ENEURO.0197-20.2020. [PMID: 32675176 PMCID: PMC7405075 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0197-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic nicotine upregulates nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) throughout the brain, and reducing their activity may promote somatic and affective states that lead to nicotine seeking. nAChRs are functionally upregulated in animal models using passive nicotine administration, but whether/how it occurs in response to volitional nicotine intake is unknown. The distinction is critical, as drug self-administration (SA) can induce neurotransmission and cellular excitability changes that passive drug administration does not. In this study, we probed the question of whether medial habenula (MHb) nAChRs are functionally augmented by nicotine SA. Male rats were implanted with an indwelling jugular catheter and trained to nose poke for nicotine infusions. A saline SA group controlled for non-specific responding and nicotine-associated visual cues. Using patch-clamp whole-cell recordings and local application of acetylcholine, we observed robust functional enhancement of nAChRs in MHb neurons from rats with a history of nicotine SA. To determine whether upregulated receptors are generally enhanced or directed to specific cellular compartments, we imaged neurons during recordings using two-photon laser scanning microscopy (2PLSM). nAChR activity at the cell soma and on proximal and distal dendrites was examined by local nicotine uncaging using a photoactivatable nicotine (PA-Nic) probe and focal laser flash photolysis. Results from this experiment revealed strong nAChR enhancement at all examined cellular locations. Our study demonstrates nAChR functional enhancement by nicotine SA, confirming that volitional nicotine intake sensitizes cholinergic systems in the brain. This may be a critical plasticity change supporting nicotine addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Tao Jin
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
| | - Brenton R Tucker
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
| | - Ryan M Drenan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
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65
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Moro F, Giannotti G, Caffino L, Marzo CM, Di Clemente A, Fumagalli F, Cervo L. Lasting reduction of nicotine-seeking behavior by chronic N-acetylcysteine during experimental cue-exposure therapy. Addict Biol 2020; 25:e12771. [PMID: 31132808 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Nicotine-associated cues can trigger reinstatement in humans as well as in animal models of drug addiction. To date, no behavioral intervention or pharmacological treatment has been effective in preventing relapse in the long term. A large body of evidence indicates that N-acetylcysteine (N-AC) blunts the activation of glutamatergic (GLUergic) neurons in the nucleus accumbens (Nacc) associated with reinstatement. We evaluated the effect of an experimental cue exposure therapy (eCET) alone or in combination with N-AC to verify whether restoring GLU homeostasis enhances extinction of nicotine-associated cues. Rats were trained to associate discriminative stimuli with intravenous nicotine or saline self-administration. Reinforced response was followed by cue signals. After rats met the self-administration criteria, the lasting anti-relapse activity of i.p. N-AC or vehicle was assessed in three different experimental conditions after 14 days of treatment: treatment + eCET; treatment + lever-presses extinction (LP-EXT); and treatment + abstinence. N-AC 100 mg/kg, but not 60 mg/kg, induced anti-relapse activity that persisted 50 days after treatment only when paired with either LP-EXT or eCET with the greater activity found in the latter condition. To identify potential mechanisms for behavioral results, separate groups of rats that received either N-AC or vehicle + eCET were killed at different time points for Nacc Western-blot analysis. Seven days after treatment, chronic N-AC restored the expression of proteins crucial for GLU homeostasis, while at 50 days, it increased the expression of type II metabotropic GLU receptors. These results suggest that N-AC treatment in combination with eCET may offer a novel strategy to prevent relapse in nicotine addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Moro
- Experimental Psychopharmacology, Department of Neuroscience Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research—IRCCS Milan Italy
| | | | - Lucia Caffino
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences Università degli Studi di Milano Milan Italy
| | | | - Angelo Di Clemente
- Experimental Psychopharmacology, Department of Neuroscience Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research—IRCCS Milan Italy
| | - Fabio Fumagalli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences Università degli Studi di Milano Milan Italy
| | - Luigi Cervo
- Experimental Psychopharmacology, Department of Neuroscience Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research—IRCCS Milan Italy
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66
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Nicotine reduction does not alter essential value of nicotine or reduce cue-induced reinstatement of nicotine seeking. Drug Alcohol Depend 2020; 212:108020. [PMID: 32362438 PMCID: PMC7293915 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Reduction of nicotine content in tobacco products is a regulatory control strategy intended to decrease smoking dependence, and is hypothesized to produce gradual reductions of nicotine intake. Rats were initially trained to self-administer 0.06 mg/kg/infusion nicotine (Phase 1), which was followed by a threshold procedure to determine nicotine demand via a behavioral economics (BE) paradigm (Phase 2). Rats then either self-administered the training dose (high dose group), or were switched to a low dose of nicotine (0.001 mg/kg/infusion; low dose group) in Phase 3. Both groups then underwent a second threshold procedure and demand curves were re-determined (Phase 4). In Phase 5, responding for nicotine was extinguished over the course of 21 sessions. Cue-induced reinstatement was then evaluated (Phase 6). Rats in the low dose group maintained a steady amount of infusions, and thus, did not compensate for nicotine reduction. Rats in the low dose group also showed similar demand elasticity and nicotine seeking (Phase 6) compared to the high dose group, indicating that nicotine reduction did not decrease nicotine demand or seeking. Further, both groups displayed resistance to extinction, indicating that nicotine reduction did not facilitate extinction learning. These results suggest that although compensation of intake does not occur, decreasing the dose of nicotine does not alter nicotine reinforcement value or relapse vulnerability. Further, these results indicate persistence of nicotine-motivated behavior after self-administration of a low nicotine dose. Translationally, these results suggest that alternative strategies may be needed to achieve positive smoking cessation outcomes.
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67
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Leyrer-Jackson JM, Piña JA, McCallum J, Foster Olive M, Gipson CD. Direct administration of ifenprodil and citalopram into the nucleus accumbens inhibits cue-induced nicotine seeking and associated glutamatergic plasticity. Brain Struct Funct 2020; 225:1967-1978. [PMID: 32591928 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-020-02103-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Nicotine use disorder has been associated with glutamatergic alterations within the basal ganglia that might contribute to relapse. Specifically, initiation of cue-induced nicotine seeking produces rapid, transient synaptic potentiation (t-SP) in nucleus accumbens core (NAcore) medium spiny neurons (MSNs), defined as increases in spine head diameter and AMPA to NMDA current ratios (A/N). Ifenprodil, which inhibits nicotine reinstatement when administered systemically, antagonizes GluN2B-containing NMDA receptors, has affinity for serotonin receptors, and blocks serotonin transporters (SERT). The mechanisms underlying its therapeutic efficacy, however, remain unknown. Using pharmacological and genetic approaches, the current study examined the role of NAcore GluN2B receptors as well as SERT in mediating cue-induced nicotine seeking and associated MSN structure and physiology. Prior to reinstatement, rats received intra-NAcore injections of either ifenprodil, citalopram or artificial cerebral spinal fluid (15 min prior), or GluN2B or control siRNAs (3 consecutive days prior). Rats were sacrificed after a 15-min cue-induced reinstatement session for dendritic spine analysis, western blotting or whole-cell electrophysiology. Intra-NAcore ifenprodil blocked nicotine-seeking behavior and promoted a higher frequency of shorter spines on MSN dendrites. However, a decrease in membrane-bound GluN2B receptor expression did not prevent cue-induced nicotine seeking or associated MSN cell physiology. Interestingly, intra-NAcore citalopram, an SSRI, prevented cue-induced nicotine seeking. Together, these results indicate that the therapeutic effects of ifenprodil on cue-induced nicotine seeking may, in part, be due to its actions at SERT rather than GluN2B, which may be specific to nicotine-seeking as opposed to other drugs of abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jose A Piña
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Joseph McCallum
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - M Foster Olive
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Cassandra D Gipson
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Kentucky, 741 S. Limestone, BBSRB Room 363, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
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68
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Chen X, Fan X, Hu Y, Zuo C, Whitfield-Gabrieli S, Holt D, Gong Q, Yang Y, Pizzagalli DA, Du F, Ongur D. Regional GABA Concentrations Modulate Inter-network Resting-state Functional Connectivity. Cereb Cortex 2020; 29:1607-1618. [PMID: 29608677 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhy059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Coordinated activity within and differential activity between large-scale neuronal networks such as the default mode network (DMN) and the control network (CN) is a critical feature of brain organization. The CN usually exhibits activations in response to cognitive tasks while the DMN shows deactivations; in addition, activity between the two networks is anti-correlated at rest. To address this issue, we used functional MRI to measure whole-brain BOLD signal during resting-state and task-evoked conditions, and MR spectroscopy (MRS) to quantify GABA and glutamate concentrations, in nodes within the DMN and CN (MPFC and DLPFC, respectively) in 19 healthy individuals at 3 Tesla. We found that GABA concentrations in the MPFC were significantly associated with DMN deactivation during a working memory task and with anti-correlation between DMN and CN at rest and during task performance, while GABA concentrations in the DLPFC weakly modulated DMN-CN anti-correlation in the opposite direction. Highlighting specificity, glutamate played a less significant role related to brain activity. These findings indicate that GABA in the MPFC is potentially involved in orchestrating between-network brain activity at rest and during task performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA.,Psychotic Disorders Division, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Xiaoying Fan
- Psychotic Disorders Division, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Yuzheng Hu
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Programs, National Institute of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Chun Zuo
- McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Susan Whitfield-Gabrieli
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Daphne Holt
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yihong Yang
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Programs, National Institute of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Diego A Pizzagalli
- McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA.,Center For Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Fei Du
- McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA.,Psychotic Disorders Division, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Dost Ongur
- Psychotic Disorders Division, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
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69
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Back SE, Gray K, Santa Ana E, Jones JL, Jarnecke AM, Joseph JE, Prisciandaro J, Killeen T, Brown DG, Taimina L, Compean E, Malcolm R, Flanagan JC, Kalivas PW. N-acetylcysteine for the treatment of comorbid alcohol use disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder: Design and methodology of a randomized clinical trial. Contemp Clin Trials 2020; 91:105961. [PMID: 32087337 PMCID: PMC7333883 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2020.105961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are two prevalent psychiatric conditions in the U.S. The co-occurrence of AUD and PTSD is also common, and associated with a more severe clinical presentation and worse treatment outcomes across the biopsychosocial spectrum (e.g., social and vocational functioning, physical health) as compared to either disorder alone. Despite the high co-occurrence and negative outcomes, research on effective medications for AUD/PTSD is sparse and there is little empirical evidence to guide treatment decisions. The study described in this paper addresses this knowledge gap by testing the efficacy of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in reducing alcohol use and PTSD symptoms. Animal studies and prior clinical research suggest a role for NAC in the treatment of substance use disorders and PTSD via glutamate modulation. NAC is a cysteine pro-drug that stimulates the cystine-glutamate exchanger, normalizes glial glutamate transporters, and restores glutamatergic tone on presynaptic receptors in reward regions of the brain. Moreover, NAC is available over-the-counter, has a long-established safety record, and does not require titration to achieve the target dose. This paper describes the rationale, study design, and methodology of a 12-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of NAC (2400 mg/day) among adults with co-occurring AUD and PTSD. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) are utilized to investigate the neural circuitry and neurochemistry underlying comorbid AUD/PTSD and identify predictors of treatment outcome. This study is designed to determine the efficacy of NAC in the treatment of co-occurring AUD/PTSD and provide new information regarding mechanisms of action implicated in co-occurring AUD/PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudie E Back
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA.
| | - Kevin Gray
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
| | - Elizabeth Santa Ana
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA.
| | - Jennifer L Jones
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
| | - Amber M Jarnecke
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
| | - Jane E Joseph
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
| | - James Prisciandaro
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
| | - Therese Killeen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
| | - Delisa G Brown
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
| | - Linda Taimina
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
| | - Ebele Compean
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Robert Malcolm
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
| | - Julianne C Flanagan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
| | - Peter W Kalivas
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
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70
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Zhu Z, Wang H, Jiang Y, Hua T, Zhang C. Heroin exposure and withdrawal differentially influence expression of NMDA receptor NR2 subunits in the prelimbic region of rat medial prefrontal cortex. Neurosci Lett 2020; 721:134819. [PMID: 32032749 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.134819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
It is widely reported that drug addiction involves the strengthening of specific reward circuits through N-methyl-d-aspartic acid receptor (NMDAR)-dependent synaptic potentiation, and several lines of evidence strongly implicate NMDA receptor 2 (NR2) subunits in drug abuse. To explore the potential mechanism of heroin dependence, this study examined changes in the expression levels of NR2 subunits NR2A-D in the prelimbic (PL) region of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) after repeated heroin administration and subsequent abstinence. The conditioned place preference (CPP) test confirmed successful induction of heroin dependence and withdrawal. Western blotting and qRT-PCR revealed no differences in NR2A subunit expression among heroin-exposure, heroin-withdrawal, and control group rats; in contrast, expression of NR2B was significantly higher in the heroin-exposure group, whereas expression levels of NR2C and NR2D were significantly higher in the heroin-withdrawal group relative to the controls. Further studies are needed to identify the functional significance based on alterations of NR2 subunits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaiman Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, China; Department of Physiology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Physiology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Yuxin Jiang
- Department of Physiology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Tianmiao Hua
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, China.
| | - Changzheng Zhang
- Department of Psychology & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Development and Education for Special Needs Children, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, 524048, China.
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71
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McConnell PA, Garland EL, Zubieta J, Newman‐Norlund R, Powers S, Froeliger B. Impaired frontostriatal functional connectivity among chronic opioid using pain patients is associated with dysregulated affect. Addict Biol 2020; 25:e12743. [PMID: 30945801 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical studies have shown effects of chronic exposure to addictive drugs on glutamatergic-mediated neuroplasticity in frontostriatal circuitry. These initial findings have been paralleled by human functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) research demonstrating weaker frontostriatal resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) among individuals with psychostimulant use disorders. However, there is a dearth of human imaging literature describing associations between long-term prescription opioid use, frontostriatal rsFC, and brain morphology among chronic pain patients. We hypothesized that prescription opioid users with chronic pain, as compared with healthy control subjects, would evidence weaker frontostriatal rsFC coupled with less frontostriatal gray matter volume (GMV). Further, those opioid use-related deficits in frontostriatal circuitry would be associated with negative affect and drug misuse. Prescription opioid users with chronic pain (n = 31) and drug-free healthy controls (n = 30) underwent a high-resolution anatomical and an eyes-closed resting-state functional scan. The opioid group, relative to controls, exhibited weaker frontostriatal rsFC, and less frontostriatal GMV in both L.NAc and L.vmPFC. Frontostriatal rsFC partially mediated group differences in negative affect. Within opioid users, L.NAc GMV predicted opioid misuse severity. The current study revealed that prescription opioid use in the context of chronic pain is associated with functional and structural abnormalities in frontostriatal circuitry. These results suggest that opioid use-related abnormalities in frontostriatal circuitry may undergird disturbances in affect that may contribute to the ongoing maintenance of opioid use and misuse. These findings warrant further examination of interventions to treat opioid pathophysiology in frontostriatal circuitry over the course of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick A. McConnell
- Department of NeuroscienceMedical University of South Carolina Charleston South Carolina USA
| | - Eric L. Garland
- Center on Mindfulness and Integrative Health Intervention DevelopmentUniversity of Utah Salt Lake City Utah USA
- College of Social WorkUniversity of Utah Salt Lake City Utah USA
| | - Jon‐Kar Zubieta
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Utah Salt Lake City Utah USA
- University Neuropsychiatric InstituteUniversity of Utah Salt Lake City Utah USA
| | - Roger Newman‐Norlund
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of South Carolina Columbia South Carolina USA
| | - Shannon Powers
- Department of NeuroscienceMedical University of South Carolina Charleston South Carolina USA
| | - Brett Froeliger
- Department of NeuroscienceMedical University of South Carolina Charleston South Carolina USA
- Hollings Cancer CenterMedical University of South Carolina Charleston South Carolina USA
- Center for Biomedical ImagingMedical University of South Carolina Charleston South Carolina USA
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72
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Piva A, Caffino L, Padovani L, Pintori N, Mottarlini F, Sferrazza G, Paolone G, Fumagalli F, Chiamulera C. The metaplastic effects of ketamine on sucrose renewal and contextual memory reconsolidation in rats. Behav Brain Res 2020; 379:112347. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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73
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Goenaga J, Powell GL, Leyrer-Jackson JM, Piña J, Phan S, Prakapenka AV, Koebele SV, Namba MD, McClure EA, Bimonte-Nelson HA, Gipson CD. N-acetylcysteine yields sex-specific efficacy for cue-induced reinstatement of nicotine seeking. Addict Biol 2020; 25:e12711. [PMID: 30734439 PMCID: PMC6685767 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Women report greater craving during certain phases of the menstrual cycle. As well, research indicates that pharmacotherapies for smoking may be less efficacious in women compared with men, which may be due to interactions with natural fluctuations in ovarian hormone levels. N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) is a glutamatergic compound that has shown some efficacy in treating substance use disorders and aids in the prevention of relapse. However, it is unclear whether NAC has sex-specific effectiveness for nicotine relapse treatment. Given that NAC has shown promise to reduce nicotine reinstatement in preclinical models using male rats, the exploration of potential sex differences in the efficacy of NAC is warranted. Using a rat model, we first investigated the ability of NAC treatment (100 mg/kg, ip) during nicotine withdrawal with extinction training to reduce cue-induced nicotine seeking in male and female rats. Next, we assessed whether NAC's effects were estrous cycle-dependent for female rats. Results show that following NAC treatment during extinction, reinstatement of nicotine seeking was significantly decreased in males but not females, indicating a sex-specific effect of NAC. Furthermore, for females, both vehicle- and NAC-treated groups significantly reinstated nicotine-seeking behavior compared with extinction, regardless of estrous cycle phase. These results suggest that NAC is inefficacious in reducing nicotine relapse in females regardless of estrous cycle phase at the dose evaluated here. These collective findings could have important clinical implications for use and efficacy of NAC as a pharmacotherapy for freely cycling women smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jose Piña
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
| | - Sandy Phan
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
| | - Alesia V. Prakapenka
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
- Arizona Alzheimer’s Consortium, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Stephanie V. Koebele
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
- Arizona Alzheimer’s Consortium, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Mark D. Namba
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
| | - Erin A. McClure
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Heather A. Bimonte-Nelson
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
- Arizona Alzheimer’s Consortium, Phoenix, AZ
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74
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Kruyer A, Chioma VC, Kalivas PW. The Opioid-Addicted Tetrapartite Synapse. Biol Psychiatry 2020; 87:34-43. [PMID: 31378302 PMCID: PMC6898767 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Opioid administration in preclinical models induces long-lasting adaptations in reward and habit circuitry. The latest research demonstrates that in the nucleus accumbens, opioid-induced excitatory synaptic plasticity involves presynaptic and postsynaptic elements as well as adjacent astroglial processes and the perisynaptic extracellular matrix. We outline opioid-induced modifications within each component of the tetrapartite synapse and provide a neurobiological perspective on how these adaptations converge to produce addiction-related behaviors in rodent models. By incorporating changes observed at each of the excitatory synaptic compartments into a unified framework of opioid-induced glutamate dysregulation, we highlight new avenues for restoring synaptic homeostasis that might limit opioid craving and relapse vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kruyer
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Vivian C Chioma
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Peter W Kalivas
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.
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75
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Chen J, Liu Q, Fan R, Han H, Yang Z, Cui W, Song G, Li MD. Demonstration of critical role of GRIN3A in nicotine dependence through both genetic association and molecular functional studies. Addict Biol 2020; 25:e12718. [PMID: 30741440 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Nicotine dependence (ND) is a chronic disease with catastrophic effects on individual and public health. The glutamate receptor subunit gene, ionotropic N-methyl-d-aspartate 3A (GRIN3A), encodes a crucial subunit of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs), which play an essential role in synaptic plasticity in the brain. Although various variants of GRIN3A have been associated with ND in European-American and African-American samples, no study has been reported for the association between GRIN3A and ND in Chinese Han population. We performed an association study of 16 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in GRIN3A with ND in 2616 Chinese individuals. SNP-based association analysis indicated that SNP rs1323423 was significantly associated with the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) score after correction for multiple testing (P = 0.0026). Haplotype-based association analysis revealed that Block 3, formed by rs1323423-rs10989591, was significantly associated with the FTND score after correction for multiple testing (global P = 0.0183). Furthermore, luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that the DNA region containing rs1323423 was an enhancer element, the activity of which was significantly impacted by rs1323423 genotype. Considering that rs1323423 is located in a potential enhancer region, we performed GRIN3A editing in HEK293T cells with CRISPR/Cas9 and found that the DNA region around rs1323423 has a regulatory function and the expression of GRIN3A affects the expression of other NMDA subunits. Moreover, we demonstrated that nicotine at a concentration of 100 μM decreased expression of GRIN3A in SH-SY5Y and HEK293T cells at the RNA and protein level, respectively. This study provides novel evidence for the involvement of GRIN3A in ND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesZhejiang University School of Medicine China
| | - Qiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesZhejiang University School of Medicine China
| | - Rongli Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesZhejiang University School of Medicine China
| | - Haijun Han
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesZhejiang University School of Medicine China
| | - Zhongli Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesZhejiang University School of Medicine China
| | - Wenyan Cui
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesZhejiang University School of Medicine China
| | - Guohua Song
- Animal Research CenterShanxi Medical University China
| | - Ming D. Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesZhejiang University School of Medicine China
- Research Center for Air Pollution and HealthZhejiang University China
- Institute of NeuroImmune PharmacologySeton Hall University South Orange New Jersey USA
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76
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Hou YY, Cai YQ, Pan ZZ. GluA1 in Central Amygdala Promotes Opioid Use and Reverses Inhibitory Effect of Pain. Neuroscience 2019; 426:141-153. [PMID: 31863796 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that long-term opioids and pain induce similar adaptive changes in the brain's reward circuits, however, how pain alters the addictive properties of opioids remains poorly understood. In this study using a rat model of morphine self-administration (MSA), we found that short-term pain, induced by an intraplantar injection of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA), acutely decreased voluntary morphine intake, but not food intake, only at a morphine dose that did not affect pain itself. Pre-treatment with indomethacin, a non-opioid inhibitor of pain, before the pain induction blocked the decrease in morphine intake. In rats with steady MSA, the protein level of GluA1 subunits of glutamate AMPA receptors (AMPARs) was significantly increased, but that of GluA2 was decreased, resulting in an increased GluA1/GluA2 ratio in central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA). In contrast, pain decreased the GluA1/GluA2 ratio in the CeA of rats with MSA. Microinjection of NASPM, a selective inhibitor of homomeric GluA1-AMPARs, into CeA inhibited morphine intake. Furthermore, viral overexpression of GluA1 protein in CeA maintained morphine intake at a higher level than controls and reversed the pain-induced reduction in morphine intake. These findings suggest that CeA GluA1 promotes opioid use and its upregulation is sufficient to increase opioid consumption, which counteracts the acute inhibitory effect of pain on opioid intake. These results demonstrate that the CeA GluA1 is a shared target of opioid and pain in regulation of opioid use, which may aid in future development of therapeutic applications in opioid abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Hou
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - You-Qing Cai
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zhizhong Z Pan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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77
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Hong Q, Liu J, Lin Z, Zhuang D, Xu W, Xu Z, Lai M, Zhu H, Zhou W, Liu H. Histone 3 lysine 9 acetylation of BRG1 in the medial prefrontal cortex is associated with heroin self‑administration in rats. Mol Med Rep 2019; 21:405-412. [PMID: 31939625 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Heroin addiction is a chronic relapsing brain disorder with negative social consequences. Histone acetylation serves a role in drug‑induced behavior and neuroplasticity impairment. Brahma/SWI2‑related gene‑1 (BRG1) participates in cerebellar development, embryogenesis and transcriptional regulation of neuronal genes concurrent with histone modifications. However, little is known about the relationship between histone H3 lysine 9 acetylation (H3K9ac) and BRG1 in response to heroin. The present study aimed to assess the contribution of histone 3 lysine 9 acetylation of BRG1 to heroin self‑administration. The present study established a Sprague‑Dawley rat model of heroin self‑administration under a fixed‑ratio‑1 paradigm. Chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR (RT‑qPCR) was used to detect the accumulation of H3K9ac on BRG1 in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and nucleus accumbens (NAc) following heroin self‑administration. The relative expression levels of BRG1 were analyzed by RT‑qPCR. H3K9ac at the promoter region of BRG1 was significantly elevated (P=0.002), and the expression of BRG1 in the mPFC increased 1.47‑fold in the heroin self‑administration group compared with the control group. No significant difference in H3K9ac at the BRG1 locus was observed in the NAc (P=0.323), with the expression of BRG1 decreasing 1.38‑fold in the heroin self‑administering rats compared with the control group. H3K9ac is associated with transcriptional activation, and the increased BRG1 expression suggested an essential and novel role for BRG1 and its H3K9ac‑mediated regulation in the mPFC after heroin self‑administration; and this may function through epigenetically modulating the activation of neuroplasticity‑associated genes. This association may provide a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of heroin addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxiao Hong
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Ningbo Addiction Research and Treatment Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, P.R. China
| | - Jing Liu
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Ningbo Addiction Research and Treatment Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, P.R. China
| | - Zi Lin
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Ningbo Addiction Research and Treatment Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, P.R. China
| | - Dingding Zhuang
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Ningbo Addiction Research and Treatment Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, P.R. China
| | - Wenjin Xu
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Ningbo Addiction Research and Treatment Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, P.R. China
| | - Zemin Xu
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Ningbo Addiction Research and Treatment Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, P.R. China
| | - Miaojun Lai
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Ningbo Addiction Research and Treatment Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, P.R. China
| | - Huaqiang Zhu
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Ningbo Addiction Research and Treatment Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, P.R. China
| | - Wenhua Zhou
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Ningbo Addiction Research and Treatment Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, P.R. China
| | - Huifen Liu
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Ningbo Addiction Research and Treatment Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, P.R. China
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78
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Struik RF, Marchant NJ, de Haan R, Terra H, van Mourik Y, Schetters D, Carr MR, van der Roest M, Heistek TS, De Vries TJ. Dorsomedial prefrontal cortex neurons encode nicotine-cue associations. Neuropsychopharmacology 2019; 44:2011-2021. [PMID: 31242502 PMCID: PMC6898138 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-019-0449-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The role of medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in regulating nicotine taking and seeking remains largely unexplored. In this study we took advantage of the high time-resolution of optogenetic intervention by decreasing (Arch3.0) or increasing (ChR2) the activity of neurons in the dorsal and ventral mPFC during 5-s nicotine cue presentations in order to evaluate their contribution to cued nicotine seeking and taking. Wistar rats were trained to self-administer intravenous nicotine in 1 h self-administration sessions twice a day for a minimum of 10 days. Subsequently, dmPFC or vmPFC neuronal activity was modulated during or following presentation of the 5-s nicotine cue, both under extinction and self-administration conditions. We also used in vivo electrophysiology to record the activity of dmPFC neurons during nicotine self-administration and extinction tests. We show that optogenetic inhibition of dmPFC neurons during, but not following, response-contingent presentations of the nicotine cue increased nicotine seeking. We found no effect on nicotine self-administration or on food seeking in an extinction test. We also show that this effect is specific to dmPFC, because optogenetic inhibition of vmPFC had no effect on nicotine seeking and taking. In vivo recordings revealed that dmPFC network neuronal activity was modulated more strongly following nicotine cue presentation in extinction, compared to following nicotine self-administration. Our results strongly suggest that a population of neurons within the dmPFC is involved in encoding the incentive value of nicotine-associated cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roeland F Struik
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nathan J Marchant
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Roel de Haan
- Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Huub Terra
- Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Yvar van Mourik
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dustin Schetters
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Madison R Carr
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marcel van der Roest
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tim S Heistek
- Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Taco J De Vries
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
- Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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79
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Althobaiti YS, Almalki A, Alsaab H, Alsanie W, Gaber A, Alhadidi Q, Hardy AMG, Nasr A, Alzahrani O, Stary CM, Shah ZA. Pregabalin: Potential for Addiction and a Possible Glutamatergic Mechanism. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15136. [PMID: 31641170 PMCID: PMC6805907 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51556-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug addiction remains a prevalent and fatal disease worldwide that carries significant social and economic impacts. Recent reports suggest illicit pregabalin (Lyrica) use may be increasing among youth, however the addictive potential of pregabalin has not been well established. Drug seeking behavior and chronic drug use are associated with deficits in glutamate clearance and activation of postsynaptic glutamatergic receptors. In the current study, we investigated the abuse potential of pregabalin using conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm. Different doses of pregabalin (30, 60, 90, and 120 mg/kg) were used to assess the seeking behavior in mice. Glutamate homeostasis is maintained by glutamate transporter type-1 (GLT-1), which plays a vital role in clearing the released glutamate from synapses and drug seeking behavior. Therefore, we investigated the role of glutamate in pregabalin-seeking behavior with ceftriaxone (CEF), a potent GLT-1 upregulator. Mice treated with pregabalin 60 and 90 mg/kg doses demonstrated drug seeking-like behavior, which was significantly blocked by CEF pretreatment. These results suggest that pregabalin-induced CPP was successfully modulated by CEF which could serve as a lead compound for developing treatment for pregabalin abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf S Althobaiti
- Taif University, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Taif, Saudi Arabia. .,Taif University, College of Pharmacy, Addiction and Neuroscience Research Unit, Taif, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Atiah Almalki
- Taif University, College of Pharmacy, Addiction and Neuroscience Research Unit, Taif, Saudi Arabia.,Taif University, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical chemistry, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hashem Alsaab
- Taif University, College of Pharmacy, Addiction and Neuroscience Research Unit, Taif, Saudi Arabia.,Taif University, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Walaa Alsanie
- Taif University, College of Pharmacy, Addiction and Neuroscience Research Unit, Taif, Saudi Arabia.,Taif University, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Gaber
- Taif University, College of Pharmacy, Addiction and Neuroscience Research Unit, Taif, Saudi Arabia.,Taif University, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Qasim Alhadidi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford Medical School, Stanford University, CA, USA
| | - Ana Maria Gregio Hardy
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Abdulrahman Nasr
- Taif University, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar Alzahrani
- Taif University, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Creed M Stary
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford Medical School, Stanford University, CA, USA
| | - Zahoor A Shah
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, OH, USA
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80
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Madayag AC, Gomez D, Anderson EM, Ingebretson AE, Thomas MJ, Hearing MC. Cell-type and region-specific nucleus accumbens AMPAR plasticity associated with morphine reward, reinstatement, and spontaneous withdrawal. Brain Struct Funct 2019; 224:2311-2324. [PMID: 31201496 PMCID: PMC6698404 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-019-01903-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Despite evidence that morphine-related pathologies reflect adaptations in NAc glutamate signaling, substantial gaps in basic information remain. The current study examines the impact of non-contingent acute, repeated, and withdrawal-inducing morphine dosing regimens on glutamate transmission in D1- or D2-MSNs in the nucleus accumbens shell (NAcSh) and core (NAcC) sub-regions in hopes of identifying excitatory plasticity that may contribute to unique facets of opioid addiction-related behavior. Following an acute morphine injection (10 mg/kg), average miniature excitatory postsynaptic current (mEPSC) amplitude mediated by AMPA-type glutamate receptors was increased at D1-MSNs in the both the NAcShl and NAcC, whereas only the frequency of events was elevated at D2-MSNs in the NAcSh. In contrast, spontaneous somatic withdrawal induced by escalating dose of repeated morphine twice per day (20, 40, 60, 80, 100 mg/kg) enhanced mEPSC frequency specifically at D2-MSNs in the NAcSh. Similar to previous findings, excitatory drive was elevated at NAcSh D1-MSNs after 10-14 days home cage abstinence. Following abstinence, an acute drug re-exposure produced a rapid and enduring endocytosis of GluA2-containing AMPARs at D1-MSNs in the shell, that when blocked by an intra-NAc shell infusion of the Tat-GluA23Y peptide, increased reinstatement of morphine place preference-a phenomenon distinctly different than effects previously found with cocaine. The present study is the first to directly identify unique circuit specific adaptations in NAc glutamate synaptic transmission associated with morphine-related acute reward and somatic withdrawal as well as post-abstinence short-term plasticity. Moreover, while differing classes of abused drugs (i.e., psychostimulants and opioids) produce seemingly similar bidirectional plasticity in the NAc following drug re-exposure, our findings indicate this plasticity has distinct behavioral consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aric C Madayag
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, 53233, USA
| | - Devan Gomez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, 53233, USA
| | - Eden M Anderson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, 53233, USA
| | - Anna E Ingebretson
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Mark J Thomas
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Matthew C Hearing
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, 53233, USA.
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81
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Abstract
Substance and alcohol use disorders impose large health and economic burdens on individuals, families, communities, and society. Neither prevention nor treatment efforts are effective in all individuals. Results are often modest. Advances in neuroscience and addiction research have helped to describe the neurobiological changes that occur when a person transitions from recreational substance use to a substance use disorder or addiction. Understanding both the drivers and consequences of substance use in vulnerable populations, including those whose brains are still maturing, has revealed behavioral and biological characteristics that can increase risks of addiction. These findings are particularly timely, as law- and policymakers are tasked to reverse the ongoing opioid epidemic, as more states legalize marijuana, as new products including electronic cigarettes and newly designed abused substances enter the legal and illegal markets, and as "deaths of despair" from alcohol and drug misuse continue.
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Affiliation(s)
- George R. Uhl
- New Mexico VA Healthcare SystemAlbuquerqueNew Mexico
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82
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Waeiss RA, Knight CP, Carvajal GB, Bell RL, Engleman EA, McBride WJ, Hauser SR, Rodd ZA. Peri-adolescent alcohol consumption increases sensitivity and dopaminergic response to nicotine during adulthood in female alcohol-preferring (P) rats: Alterations to α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor expression. Behav Brain Res 2019; 376:112190. [PMID: 31473285 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Adolescent alcohol drinking has been linked to increased risk for drug abuse during adulthood. Nicotine microinjected directly into the posterior ventral tegmental area (pVTA) stimulates dopamine (DA) release in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) shell. The α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) is a potent regulator of dopaminergic activity in the pVTA. The current experiments examined the effects of peri-adolescent ethanol (EtOH) drinking on the ability of intra-pVTA nicotine to stimulate DA release during adulthood and alterations in α7 nAChR expression within the pVTA. Alcohol-preferring (P) female rats consumed EtOH and/or water during adolescence (post-natal day [PND] 30-60) or adulthood (PND 90-120). Thirty days following removal of EtOH, subjects received microinjections of 1 μM, 10 μM, or 50 μM nicotine into the pVTA concurrently with microdialysis for extracellular DA in the NAc shell. Brains were harvested from an additional cohort after PND 90 for quantification of α7 nAChR within the pVTA. The results indicated that only adolescent EtOH consumption produced a leftward and upward shift in the dose response curve for nicotine to stimulate DA release in the NAc shell. Investigation of α7 nAChR expression within the pVTA revealed a significant increase in animals that consumed EtOH during adolescence compared to naïve animals. The data suggests that peri-adolescent EtOH consumption produced cross-sensitization to the effects of nicotine during adulthood. The interaction between adolescent EtOH consumption and inflated adult risk for drug dependency could be predicated, at least in part, upon alterations in α7 nAChR expression within the mesolimbic reward pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Waeiss
- Program in Medical Neuroscience, Paul and Carole Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, United States.
| | - Christopher P Knight
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, United States
| | - Gustavo B Carvajal
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, United States
| | - Richard L Bell
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, United States; Paul and Carole Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, United States
| | - Eric A Engleman
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, United States; Paul and Carole Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, United States
| | - William J McBride
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, United States; Paul and Carole Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, United States
| | - Sheketha R Hauser
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, United States
| | - Zachary A Rodd
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, United States; Paul and Carole Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, United States
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83
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Sanchez V, Bakhti-Suroosh A, Chen A, Brunzell DH, Erisir A, Lynch WJ. Exercise during abstinence normalizes ultrastructural synaptic plasticity associated with nicotine-seeking following extended access self-administration. Eur J Neurosci 2019; 50:2707-2721. [PMID: 30888721 PMCID: PMC6742551 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Nicotine-craving progressively increases, or incubates, over abstinence following extended access self-administration. While not yet examined for nicotine, the incubation of cocaine-seeking is accompanied by changes in synaptic plasticity in the nucleus accumbens. Here, we determined whether such changes also accompany enhanced nicotine-seeking following extended access self-administration and abstinence, and whether exercise, a potential intervention for nicotine addiction, may exert its efficacy by normalizing these changes. Given that in humans, tobacco/nicotine use begins during adolescence, we used an adolescent-onset model. Nicotine-seeking was assessed in male rats following extended access nicotine or saline self-administration (23-hr/day, 10 days) and 10 days of abstinence, conditions known to induce the incubation of nicotine-seeking, using a within-session extinction/cue-induced reinstatement procedure. A subset of rats had 2-hr/day access to a running wheel during abstinence. Ultrastructural alterations of synapses in the nucleus accumbens core and shell were examined using electron microscopy. Nicotine-seeking was elevated following extended access self-administration and abstinence (in sedentary group), and levels of seeking were associated with an increase in the density of asymmetric (excitatory) and symmetric (inhibitory) synapses onto dendrites in the core, as well as longer asymmetric synapses onto spines, a marker of synaptic potentiation, in both the core and shell. Exercise normalized each of these changes; however, in the shell, exercise and nicotine similarly increased the synapse length. Together, these findings indicate an association between nicotine-seeking and synaptic plasticity in the nucleus accumbens, particularly the core, and indicate that the efficacy of exercise to reduce nicotine-seeking may be mediated by reversing these adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Sanchez
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Anousheh Bakhti-Suroosh
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Andrew Chen
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Darlene H Brunzell
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Alev Erisir
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Wendy J Lynch
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
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84
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Benneyworth MA, Hearing MC, Asp AJ, Madayag A, Ingebretson AE, Schmidt CE, Silvis KA, Larson EB, Ebner SR, Thomas MJ. Synaptic Depotentiation and mGluR5 Activity in the Nucleus Accumbens Drive Cocaine-Primed Reinstatement of Place Preference. J Neurosci 2019; 39:4785-4796. [PMID: 30948476 PMCID: PMC6561685 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3020-17.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the neurobiological processes that incite drug craving and drive relapse has the potential to help target efforts to treat addiction. The NAc serves as a critical substrate for reward and motivated behavior, in part due to alterations in excitatory synaptic strength within cortical-accumbens pathways. The present studies investigated a causal link between cocaine-induced reinstatement of conditioned place preference and rapid reductions of cocaine-dependent increases in NAc shell synaptic strength in male mice. Cocaine-conditioned place preference behavior and ex vivo whole-cell electrophysiology showed that cocaine-primed reinstatement and synaptic depotentiation were disrupted by inhibiting AMPAR internalization via intra-NAc shell infusion of a Tat-GluA23Y peptide. Furthermore, reinstatement was driven by an mGluR5-dependent reduction in AMPAR signaling. Intra-NAc shell infusion of the mGluR5 antagonist MTEP blocked cocaine-primed reinstatement and corresponding depotentiation, whereas infusion of the mGluR5 agonist CHPG itself promoted reinstatement and depotentiated synaptic strength in the NAc shell. Optogenetic examination of circuit-specific plasticity showed that inhibition of infralimbic cortical input to the NAc shell blocked cocaine-primed reinstatement, whereas low-frequency stimulation (10 Hz) of this pathway in the absence of cocaine triggered a reduction in synaptic strength akin to that observed with cocaine, and was sufficient to promote reinstatement in the absence of a cocaine challenge. These data support a model in which mGluR5-mediated reduction in GluA2-containing AMPARs at NAc shell synapses receiving input from the infralimbic cortex is a critical factor in triggering reinstatement of cocaine-primed conditioned approach behavior.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT These studies identified a sequence of neural events whereby reexposure to cocaine activates a signaling cascade that alters synaptic strength in the NAc shell and triggers a behavioral response driven by a drug-associated memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Benneyworth
- Department of Neuroscience
- Mouse Behavior Core, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, and
| | - Matthew C Hearing
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53233
| | | | - Aric Madayag
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53233
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85
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Stellwagen D, Kemp GM, Valade S, Chambon J. Glial regulation of synaptic function in models of addiction. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2019; 57:179-185. [PMID: 31163290 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2019.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The glial regulation of synaptic function provides important modulation of the synaptic and behavioral changes induced by drugs of abuse. In some cases, this regulation is adaptive, reducing drug-induced change, and in other cases maladaptive, contributing to the induction or maintenance of these changes. Understanding the contribution of glia to addictive behaviors will be important to fully understand the development of addiction, and a critical entry into methods to potentially mitigate this affliction. This review will cover recent advances in elucidating the contribution of the major types of glia - microglia and astrocytes - to drug-induced synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Stellwagen
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Centre for Research in Neuroscience, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Gina M Kemp
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Centre for Research in Neuroscience, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Simone Valade
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Centre for Research in Neuroscience, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Julien Chambon
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Centre for Research in Neuroscience, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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86
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Augustine V, Ebisu H, Zhao Y, Lee S, Ho B, Mizuno GO, Tian L, Oka Y. Temporally and Spatially Distinct Thirst Satiation Signals. Neuron 2019; 103:242-249.e4. [PMID: 31153646 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
For thirsty animals, fluid intake provides both satiation and pleasure of drinking. How the brain processes these factors is currently unknown. Here, we identified neural circuits underlying thirst satiation and examined their contribution to reward signals. We show that thirst-driving neurons receive temporally distinct satiation signals by liquid-gulping-induced oropharyngeal stimuli and gut osmolality sensing. We demonstrate that individual thirst satiation signals are mediated by anatomically distinct inhibitory neural circuits in the lamina terminalis. Moreover, we used an ultrafast dopamine (DA) sensor to examine whether thirst satiation itself stimulates the reward-related circuits. Interestingly, spontaneous drinking behavior but not thirst drive reduction triggered DA release. Importantly, chemogenetic stimulation of thirst satiation neurons did not activate DA neurons under water-restricted conditions. Together, this study dissected the thirst satiation circuit, the activity of which is functionally separable from reward-related brain activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineet Augustine
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Haruka Ebisu
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Yuan Zhao
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Sangjun Lee
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Brittany Ho
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Grace O Mizuno
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Lin Tian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Yuki Oka
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
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87
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Lebourgeois S, González-Marín MC, Antol J, Naassila M, Vilpoux C. Evaluation of N-acetylcysteine on ethanol self-administration in ethanol-dependent rats. Neuropharmacology 2019; 150:112-120. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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88
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Ponzoni L, Moretti M, Braida D, Zoli M, Clementi F, Viani P, Sala M, Gotti C. Increased sensitivity to Δ 9-THC-induced rewarding effects after seven-week exposure to electronic and tobacco cigarettes in mice. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2019; 29:566-576. [PMID: 30773388 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette (CIG) smoking often precedes the use of illegal drugs. Electronic-cigarettes (e-CIGs) have been promoted as a means of stopping smoking and reducing the harmful effects of CIGs on the population. However, although e-CIGs eliminate some of the morbidity associated with combustible tobacco, they are still nicotine-delivery devices. In order to study whether the nicotine delivered via e-CIG acts as "a gateway drug" to the use of cannabis, we analysed the behavioural and molecular effects of 7 weeks' pre-exposure to air (AIR), e-CIGs or CIGs on addiction-related conditioned place preference (CPP) in mice using a sub-threshold (0.01 mg/kg) dose of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), the principal psychoactive constituent of cannabis. After 8 and 66 days of withdrawal, this Δ9-THC dose was ineffective in inducing CPP in mice pre-exposed to pump-driven AIR, but very effective in mice pre-exposed to e-CIGs or CIGs. Exposure to e-CIGs or CIGs increases the expression of ΔFosB in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), which remains high during short-term e-CIG or CIG withdrawal and long-term CIG withdrawal and is not influenced by treatment with Δ9-THC. At the end of e-CIG or CIG exposure and during withdrawal, the mice also had a higher AMPA receptors GluA1/GluA2-3 ratio in the NAc. Chronic nicotine exposure increases sensitivity to rewarding effects of Δ9-THC in mice and produces long-lasting neurobiological changes regardless of the delivery method (CIG vs. e-CIG). The exposure to passive tobacco smoke or e-CIG vapours can similarly increase vulnerability to the effects of cannabis and possibly other drugs of abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Milena Moretti
- CNR, Institute of Neuroscience, Milan, Italy; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Braida
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Zoli
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Center for Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Francesco Clementi
- CNR, Institute of Neuroscience, Milan, Italy; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Viani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Mariaelvina Sala
- CNR, Institute of Neuroscience, Milan, Italy; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Cecilia Gotti
- CNR, Institute of Neuroscience, Milan, Italy; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
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89
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Siemsen BM, Reichel CM, Leong KC, Garcia-Keller C, Gipson CD, Spencer S, McFaddin JA, Hooker KN, Kalivas PW, Scofield MD. Effects of Methamphetamine Self-Administration and Extinction on Astrocyte Structure and Function in the Nucleus Accumbens Core. Neuroscience 2019; 406:528-541. [PMID: 30926546 PMCID: PMC6545487 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Astrocytes provide support for neurons, regulate metabolic processes, and influence neuronal communication in a variety of ways, including through the homeostatic regulation of glutamate. Following 2-h cocaine or methamphetamine self-administration (SA) and extinction, rodents display decreased levels of basal glutamate in the nucleus accumbens core (NAcore), which transitions to elevated glutamate levels during drug seeking. We hypothesized that, like cocaine, this glutamate 'overflow' during methamphetamine seeking arises via decreased expression of the astroglial glutamate transporter GLT-1, and withdrawal of perisynaptic astroglial processes (PAPs) from synapses. As expected, methamphetamine self-administration and extinction decreased the level of contact made by PAPs in the NAcore, yet did not impact glutamate uptake, GLT-1 expression, or the general structural characteristics of astrocytes. Interestingly, systemic administration of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a drug that both upregulates GLT-1 and promotes glial-glutamate release, reduced cued methamphetamine seeking. In order to test the impact of astrocyte activation and the induction of glial glutamate release within the NAcore, we employed astrocyte-specific expression of designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs). We show here that acute activation of Gq-coupled DREADDs in this region inhibited cued methamphetamine seeking. Taken together, these data indicate that cued methamphetamine seeking following two-hour SA is not mediated by deficient glutamate clearance in the NAcore, yet can be inhibited by engaging NAcore astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Siemsen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - C M Reichel
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - K C Leong
- Department of Psychology, Trinity University, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - C Garcia-Keller
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - C D Gipson
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - S Spencer
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - J A McFaddin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - K N Hooker
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - P W Kalivas
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - M D Scofield
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
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90
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Schmidt HD, Rupprecht LE, Addy NA. Neurobiological and Neurophysiological Mechanisms Underlying Nicotine Seeking and Smoking Relapse. MOLECULAR NEUROPSYCHIATRY 2019; 4:169-189. [PMID: 30815453 PMCID: PMC6388439 DOI: 10.1159/000494799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco-related morbidity and mortality continue to be a significant public health concern. Unfortunately, current FDA-approved smoking cessation pharmacotherapies have limited efficacy and are associated with high rates of relapse. Therefore, a better understanding of the neurobiological and neurophysiological mechanisms that promote smoking relapse is needed to develop novel smoking cessation medications. Here, we review preclinical studies focused on identifying the neurotransmitter and neuromodulator systems that mediate nicotine relapse, often modeled in laboratory animals using the reinstatement paradigm, as well as the plasticity-dependent neurophysiological mechanisms that facilitate nicotine reinstatement. Particular emphasis is placed on how these neuroadaptations relate to smoking relapse in humans. We also highlight a number of important gaps in our understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying nicotine reinstatement and critical future directions, which may lead toward the development of novel, target pharmacotherapies for smoking cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heath D. Schmidt
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Laura E. Rupprecht
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Nii A. Addy
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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91
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Powell GL, Leyrer‐Jackson JM, Goenaga J, Namba MD, Piña J, Spencer S, Stankeviciute N, Schwartz D, Allen NP, Del Franco AP, McClure EA, Olive MF, Gipson CD. Chronic treatment with N-acetylcysteine decreases extinction responding and reduces cue-induced nicotine-seeking. Physiol Rep 2019; 7:e13958. [PMID: 30632301 PMCID: PMC6328917 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Revised: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a promising glutamatergic therapeutic agent, has shown some clinical efficacy in reducing nicotine use in humans and has been shown to reverse drug-induced changes in glutamatergic neurophysiology. In rats, nicotine-seeking behavior is associated with alterations in glutamatergic plasticity within the nucleus accumbens core (NAcore). Specifically, cue-induced nicotine-seeking is associated with rapid, transient synaptic plasticity (t-SP) in glutamatergic synapses on NAcore medium spiny neurons. The goal of the present study was to determine if NAC reduces nicotine-seeking behavior and reverses reinstatement-associated NAcore glutamatergic alterations. Rats were extinguished from nicotine self-administration, followed by subchronic NAC administration (0 or 100 mg/kg/d) for 4 days prior to cue-induced reinstatement. NAcore synaptic potentiation was measured via dendritic spine morphology and mRNA and protein of relevant glutamatergic genes were quantified. Nicotine-seeking behavior was not reduced by subchronic NAC treatment. Also, NAcore transcript and protein expression of multiple glutamatergic genes, as well as spine morphological measures, were unaffected by subchronic NAC. Finally, chronic NAC treatment (15 days total) during extinction and prior to reinstatement significantly decreased extinction responding and reduced reinstatement of nicotine-seeking compared to vehicle. Together, these results suggest that chronic NAC treatment is necessary for its therapeutic efficacy as a treatment strategy for nicotine addiction and relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory L. Powell
- Department of PsychologyArizona State UniversityTempeArizona
- School of Life SciencesArizona State UniversityTempeArizona
| | | | | | - Mark D. Namba
- Department of PsychologyArizona State UniversityTempeArizona
| | - Jose Piña
- Department of PsychologyArizona State UniversityTempeArizona
| | - Sade Spencer
- Department of NeuroscienceMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSC
| | | | - Danielle Schwartz
- Department of NeuroscienceMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSC
| | - Nicholas P. Allen
- School of Dental MedicineLake Erie College of Osteopathic MedicineBradentonFlorida
| | | | - Erin A. McClure
- Department of PsychiatryMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth Carolina
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92
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Kim R, Healey KL, Sepulveda-Orengo MT, Reissner KJ. Astroglial correlates of neuropsychiatric disease: From astrocytopathy to astrogliosis. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 87:126-146. [PMID: 28989099 PMCID: PMC5889368 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Complex roles for astrocytes in health and disease continue to emerge, highlighting this class of cells as integral to function and dysfunction of the nervous system. In particular, escalating evidence strongly implicates a range of changes in astrocyte structure and function associated with neuropsychiatric diseases including major depressive disorder, schizophrenia, and addiction. These changes can range from astrocytopathy, degeneration, and loss of function, to astrogliosis and hypertrophy, and can be either adaptive or maladaptive. Evidence from the literature indicates a myriad of changes observed in astrocytes from both human postmortem studies as well as preclinical animal models, including changes in expression of glial fibrillary protein, as well as changes in astrocyte morphology and astrocyte-mediated regulation of synaptic function. In this review, we seek to provide a comprehensive assessment of these findings and consequently evidence for common themes regarding adaptations in astrocytes associated with neuropsychiatric disease. While results are mixed across conditions and models, general findings indicate decreased astrocyte cellular features and gene expression in depression, chronic stress and anxiety, but increased inflammation in schizophrenia. Changes also vary widely in response to different drugs of abuse, with evidence reflective of features of astrocytopathy to astrogliosis, varying across drug classes, route of administration and length of withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Kim
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, CB 3270, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - Kati L Healey
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, CB 3270, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - Marian T Sepulveda-Orengo
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, CB 3270, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - Kathryn J Reissner
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, CB 3270, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States..
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93
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Yates JR, Prior NA, Chitwood MR, Day HA, Heidel JR, Hopkins SE, Muncie BT, Paradella-Bradley TA, Sestito AP, Vecchiola AN, Wells EE. Effects of GluN2B-selective antagonists on delay and probability discounting in male rats: Modulation by delay/probability presentation order. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 2018; 26:525-540. [PMID: 30035577 PMCID: PMC6283694 DOI: 10.1037/pha0000216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The contribution of the GluN2B subunit of the NMDA receptor to impulsivity has recently been examined. Ro 63-1908, a highly selective antagonist for the GluN2B, decreases impulsive choice. Because the order in which delays are presented modulates drug effects in discounting procedures, one goal of the current study was to determine the effects of Ro 63-1908 in delay discounting procedures in which the delays to obtaining the large reinforcer either increase or decrease across the session. We also determined if Ro 63-1908 differentially alters risky choice in probability discounting procedures that use ascending/descending schedules. Male rats were trained in either delay (n = 24) or probability (n = 24) discounting in which the delay to/odds against reinforcement were presented in either ascending or descending order (n = 12 each schedule). Following training, rats received the GluN2B antagonists Ro 63-1908 (0-1.0 mg/kg) and CP-101,606 (0-3.0 mg/kg). In delay discounting, Ro 63-1908 (1.0 mg/kg), but not CP-101,606, decreased choice for the large reinforcer, but only when the delays decreased across the session. In probability discounting, Ro 63-1908 (0.3 mg/kg)/CP-101,606 (1.0 mg/kg) increased choice for the large reinforcer when the probability of obtaining this alternative decreased across the session, but Ro 63-1908 (1.0 mg/kg)/CP-101,606 (3.0 mg/kg) decreased choice when the probabilities increased. These results show that the GluN2B is a mediator of impulsive/risky choice, but the effects of GluN2B antagonists are dependent on the order in which delays/probabilities are presented. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).
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94
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Sharp BM, Chen H. Neurogenetic determinants and mechanisms of addiction to nicotine and smoked tobacco. Eur J Neurosci 2018; 50:2164-2179. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Burt M. Sharp
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics College of Medicine University of Tennessee Health Science Center 19 S. Manassas, CRB #220 Memphis TN 38103 USA
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Pharmacology University of Tennessee Health Science Center Memphis TN USA
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95
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Linker KE, Cross SJ, Leslie FM. Glial mechanisms underlying substance use disorders. Eur J Neurosci 2018; 50:2574-2589. [PMID: 30240518 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Addiction is a devastating disorder that produces persistent maladaptive changes to the central nervous system, including glial cells. Although there is an extensive body of literature examining the neuronal mechanisms of substance use disorders, effective therapies remain elusive. Glia, particularly microglia and astrocytes, have an emerging and meaningful role in a variety of processes beyond inflammation and immune surveillance, and may represent a promising therapeutic target. Indeed, glia actively modulate neurotransmission, synaptic connectivity and neural circuit function, and are critically poised to contribute to addictive-like brain states and behaviors. In this review, we argue that glia influence the cellular, molecular, and synaptic changes that occur in neurons following drug exposure, and that this cellular relationship is critically modified following drug exposure. We discuss direct actions of abused drugs on glial function through immune receptors, such as Toll-like receptor 4, as well as other mechanisms. We highlight how drugs of abuse affect glia-neural communication, and the profound effects that glial-derived factors have on neuronal excitability, structure, and function. Recent research demonstrates that glia have brain region-specific functions, and glia in different brain regions have distinct contributions to drug-associated behaviors. We will also evaluate the evidence demonstrating that glial activation is essential for drug reward and drug-induced dopamine release, and highlight clinical evidence showing that glial mechanisms contribute to drug abuse liability. In this review, we synthesize the extensive evidence that glia have a unique, pivotal, and underappreciated role in the development and maintenance of addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Linker
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - S J Cross
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - F M Leslie
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
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96
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Spencer S, Neuhofer D, Chioma VC, Garcia-Keller C, Schwartz DJ, Allen N, Scofield MD, Ortiz-Ithier T, Kalivas PW. A Model of Δ 9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Self-administration and Reinstatement That Alters Synaptic Plasticity in Nucleus Accumbens. Biol Psychiatry 2018; 84:601-610. [PMID: 29861097 PMCID: PMC6162175 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cannabis is the most widely used illicit drug, but knowledge of the neurological consequences of cannabis use is deficient. Two primary components of cannabis are Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD). We established a THC+CBD model of self-administration and reinstated drug seeking to determine if, similar to other addictive drugs, cannabis produces enduring synaptic changes in nucleus accumbens core (NAcore) thought to contribute vulnerability to drug reinstatement. METHODS Sprague Dawley rats were trained to self-administer THC+CBD (n = 165) or were used as vehicle self-administering control animals (n = 24). Reinstatement was initiated by context, cues, drug priming, and stress (yohimbine injection). Enduring neuroadaptations produced by THC+CBD self-administration were assayed using four measures: dendritic spine morphology, long-term depression, alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid/N-methyl-D-aspartate ratios, and behavioral pharmacology. RESULTS We described a novel rodent model of cannabis relapse involving intravenous THC+CBD self-administration and drug seeking induced by conditioned context, cues, and stress. Cued reinstatement of THC+CBD seeking depended on a sequence of events implicated in relapse to other addictive drugs, as reinstatement was prevented by daily treatment with N-acetylcysteine or acute intra-NAcore pretreatment with a neuronal nitric oxide synthase or matrix metalloprotease-9 inhibitor, all of which normalize impaired glutamate homeostasis. The capacity to induce N-methyl-D-aspartate long-term depression in NAcore medium spiny neurons was abolished and dendritic spine density was reduced, but alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid/N-methyl-D-aspartate ratio was unaltered in THC+CBD-trained animals, akin to opioids, but not to psychostimulants. CONCLUSIONS We report enduring consequences of THC+CBD use on critical relapse circuitry and synaptic physiology in NAcore following rat self-administration and provide the first report of cue- and stress-induced reinstatement with this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sade Spencer
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.
| | - Daniela Neuhofer
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Vivian C Chioma
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Constanza Garcia-Keller
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Danielle J Schwartz
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Nicholas Allen
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Michael D Scofield
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; Department of Anesthesiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Tara Ortiz-Ithier
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; Department of Physiology, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico
| | - Peter W Kalivas
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
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97
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Neuhofer D, Kalivas P. Metaplasticity at the addicted tetrapartite synapse: A common denominator of drug induced adaptations and potential treatment target for addiction. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2018; 154:97-111. [PMID: 29428364 PMCID: PMC6112115 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In light of the current worldwide addiction epidemic, the need for successful therapies is more urgent than ever. Although we made substantial progress in our basic understanding of addiction, reliable therapies are lacking. Since 40-60% of patients treated for substance use disorder return to active substance use within a year following treatment discharge, alleviating the vulnerability to relapse is regarded as the most promising avenue for addiction therapy. Preclinical addiction research often focuses on maladaptive synaptic plasticity within the reward pathway. However, drug induced neuroadaptations do not only lead to a strengthening of distinct drug associated cues and drug conditioned behaviors, but also seem to increase plasticity thresholds for environmental stimuli that are not associated with the drug. This form of higher order plasticity, or synaptic metaplasticity, is not expressed as a change in the efficacy of synaptic transmission but as a change in the direction or degree of plasticity induced by a distinct stimulation pattern. Experimental addiction research has demonstrated metaplasticity after exposure to multiple classes of addictive drugs. In this review we will focus on the concept of synaptic metaplasticity in the context of preclinical addiction research. We will take a closer look at the tetrapartite glutamatergic synapse and outline forms of metaplasticity that have been described at the addicted synapse. Finally we will discuss the different potential avenues for pharmacotherapies that target glutamatergic synaptic plasticity and metaplasticity. Here we will argue that aberrant metaplasticity renders the reward seeking circuitry more rigid and hence less able to adapt to changing environmental contingencies. An understanding of the molecular mechanisms that underlie this metaplasticity is crucial for the development of new strategies for addiction therapy. The correction of drug-induced metaplasticity could be used to support behavioral and pharmacotherapies for the treatment of addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Neuhofer
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, United States.
| | - Peter Kalivas
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, United States
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98
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Zhang YX, Akumuo RC, España RA, Yan CX, Gao WJ, Li YC. The histone demethylase KDM6B in the medial prefrontal cortex epigenetically regulates cocaine reward memory. Neuropharmacology 2018; 141:113-125. [PMID: 30165076 PMCID: PMC6170674 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic remodeling contributes to synaptic plasticity via modification of gene expression, which underlies cocaine-induced long-term memory. A prevailing hypothesis in drug addiction is that drugs of abuse rejuvenate developmental machinery to render reward circuitry highly plastic and thus engender drug memories to be highly stable. Identification and reversal of these pathological pathways are therefore critical for cocaine abuse treatment. Previous studies revealed an interesting finding in which the mRNA of histone lysine demethylase, KDM6B, is upregulated in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) during early cocaine withdrawal. However, whether and how it contributes to drug-seeking behavior remain unknown. Here we used a conditioned place preference paradigm to investigate the potential role of KDM6B in drug-associated memory. We found that KDM6B protein levels selectively increased in the mPFC during cocaine withdrawal. Notably, systemic injection of KDM6B inhibitor, GSK-J4, disrupted both reconsolidation of cocaine-conditioned memory and cocaine-primed reinstatement, suggesting dual effects of KDM6B in cocaine reward memory. In addition, we found that NMDAR expression and function were both enhanced during early cocaine withdrawal in mPFC. Injection of GSK-J4 selectively reversed this cocaine-induced increase of NR2A expression and synaptic function, suggesting that mal-adaptation of cocaine-induced synaptic plasticity in mPFC largely underlies KDM6B-mediated cocaine-associated memory. Altogether, these data suggest that KDM6B plays an essential role in cocaine-associated memory, which mainly acts through enhancing cocaine-induced synaptic plasticity in the mPFC. Our findings revealed a novel role of KDM6B in cocaine-associated memory and inhibition of KDM6B is a potential strategy to alleviate drug-seeking behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xiang Zhang
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China; Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19129, USA
| | - Rita C Akumuo
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19129, USA
| | - Rodrigo A España
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19129, USA
| | - Chun-Xia Yan
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China.
| | - Wen-Jun Gao
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19129, USA.
| | - Yan-Chun Li
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19129, USA.
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99
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Guo N, Zhang X, Huang M, Li X, Li Y, Zhou X, Bai J. Geranylgeranylacetone blocks the reinstatement of morphine-conditioned place preference. Neuropharmacology 2018; 143:63-70. [PMID: 30240785 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Morphine is widely used for clinical pain management and induces the dependence. Addiction to morphine is a major public health issue. Geranylgeranylacetone (GGA) is widely used in clinic for treating ulcer. GGA induces expression of thioredoxin-1 (Trx-1) extensively. Trx-1 is a redox regulating protein and plays protecting roles in nervous system. GGA prevents mice against morphine-induced hyperlocomotion, rewarding effect, and withdrawal syndrome. However, whether GGA blocks morphine-conditioned place preference (CPP) reinstatement is still unknown. In the present study, we found that GGA administration blocked the reinstatement of morphine-CPP. The expressions of Trx-1, N-methyl d-aspartate receptor 2B subunit (NR2B), phosphorylated Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (p-CaMKII), phosphorylated extracellular signaling regulated kinases (p-ERK), and phosphorylated cAMP-response element binding protein (p-CREB) were induced in nucleus accumbens (NAc) and hippocampus by morphine or GGA, whereas these proteins were not changed by morphine in GGA-treated mice. Our results indicate that GGA may prevent the reinstatement of morphine-CPP through strengthening the expression of Trx-1 and regulating NR2B/ERK pathway. Thus, we suggest that GGA may be a promising therapeutic candidate for morphine-induced relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Guo
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China; Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Xianwen Zhang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China; Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Mengbing Huang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China; Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China; Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Ye Li
- Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Zhou
- Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Jie Bai
- Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China.
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100
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Sifat AE, Vaidya B, Villalba H, Albekairi TH, Abbruscato TJ. Neurovascular unit transport responses to ischemia and common coexisting conditions: smoking and diabetes. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2018; 316:C2-C15. [PMID: 30207783 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00187.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Transporters at the neurovascular unit (NVU) are vital for the regulation of normal brain physiology via ion, water, and nutrients movement. In ischemic stroke, the reduction of cerebral blood flow causes several complex pathophysiological changes in the brain, one of which includes alterations of the NVU transporters, which can exacerbate stroke outcome by increased brain edema (by altering ion, water, and glutamate transporters), altered energy metabolism (by altering glucose transporters), and enhanced drug toxicity (by altering efflux transporters). Smoking and diabetes are common risk factors as well as coexisting conditions in ischemic stroke that are also reported to change the expression and function of NVU transporters. Coexistence of these conditions could cause an additive effect in terms of the alterations of brain transporters that might lead to worsened ischemic stroke prognosis and recovery. In this review, we have discussed the effects of ischemic stroke, smoking, and diabetes on some essential NVU transporters and how the simultaneous presence of these conditions can affect the clinical outcome after an ischemic episode. Further scientific investigations are required to elucidate changes in NVU transport in cerebral ischemia, which can lead to better, personalized therapeutic interventions tailor-made for these comorbid conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali E Sifat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center , Amarillo, Texas
| | - Bhuvaneshwar Vaidya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center , Amarillo, Texas
| | - Heidi Villalba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center , Amarillo, Texas
| | - Thamer H Albekairi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center , Amarillo, Texas
| | - Thomas J Abbruscato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center , Amarillo, Texas
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