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Wittrisch S, Klöting N, Mörl K, Chakaroun R, Blüher M, Beck-Sickinger AG. NPY 1R-targeted peptide-mediated delivery of a dual PPARα/γ agonist to adipocytes enhances adipogenesis and prevents diabetes progression. Mol Metab 2019; 31:163-180. [PMID: 31918918 PMCID: PMC6931124 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective PPARα/γ dual agonists have been in clinical development for the treatment of metabolic diseases including type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia. However, severe adverse side effects led to complications in clinical trials. As most of the beneficial effects rely on the compound activity in adipocytes, the selective targeting of this cell type is a cutting-edge strategy to develop safe anti-diabetic drugs. The goal of this study was to strengthen the adipocyte-specific uptake of the PPARα/γ agonist tesaglitazar via NPY1R-mediated internalization. Methods NPY1R-preferring peptide tesaglitazar-[F7, P34]-NPY (tesa-NPY) was synthesized by a combination of automated SPPS and manual couplings. Following molecular and functional analyses for proof of concept, cell culture experiments were conducted to monitor the effects on adipogenesis. Mice treated with peptide drug conjugates or vehicle either by gavage or intraperitoneal injection were characterized phenotypically and metabolically. Histological analysis and transcriptional profiling of the adipose tissue were performed. Results In vitro studies revealed that the tesaglitazar-[F7, P34]-NPY conjugate selectively activates PPARγ in NPY1R-expressing cells and enhances adipocyte differentiation and adiponectin expression in adipocyte precursor cells. In vivo studies using db/db mice demonstrated that the anti-diabetic activity of the peptide conjugate is as efficient as that of systemically administered tesaglitazar. Additionally, tesa-NPY induces adipocyte differentiation in vivo. Conclusions The use of the tesaglitazar-[F7, P34]-NPY conjugate is a promising strategy to apply the beneficial PPARα/γ effects in adipocytes while potentially omitting adverse effects in other tissues. Tesaglitazar-NPY targets adipocytes via NPY1R receptor-mediated internalization. Peptide-drug conjugate is specifically delivered to NPY1R-expressing cells. Release of tesaglitazar in adipocytes activates PPARγ. Drug delivery enhances adipocyte differentiation and adiponectin expression. Peptide conjugate exhibits antidiabetic activity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Wittrisch
- Universität Leipzig, Institute of Biochemistry, Brüderstraße 34, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nora Klöting
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity, and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Ph.-Rosenthal-Str. 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Karin Mörl
- Universität Leipzig, Institute of Biochemistry, Brüderstraße 34, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rima Chakaroun
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity, and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Ph.-Rosenthal-Str. 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 20, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity, and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Ph.-Rosenthal-Str. 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 20, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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Patel BM, Goyal RK. Liver and insulin resistance: New wine in old bottle!!! Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 862:172657. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Allium hookeri Root Extract Inhibits Adipogenesis by Promoting Lipolysis in High Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11102262. [PMID: 31547031 PMCID: PMC6836159 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Allium hookeri (AH) is widely consumed as a herbal medicine. It possesses biological activity against metabolic diseases. The objective of this study was to investigate effects of AH root water extract (AHR) on adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells and in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. AHR inhibited lipid accumulation during adipocyte differentiation by downregulation of gene expression, such as hormone sensitive lipase (HSL), lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and an adipogenic gene, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-α in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Oral administration of AHR significantly suppressed body weight gain, adipose tissue weight, serum leptin levels, and adipocyte cell size in HFD-induced obese mice. Moreover, AHR significantly decreased hepatic mRNA expression levels of cholesterol synthesis genes, such as 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase, sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor (SREBP)-2, and low-density lipoprotein receptor, as well as fatty acid synthesis genes, such as SREBP-1c and fatty acid synthase. Serum triglyceride levels were also lowered by AHR, likely as a result of the upregulating gene involved in fatty acid β-oxidation, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a, in the liver. AHR treatment activated gene expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ, which might have promoted HSL and LPL-medicated lipolysis, thereby reducing white adipose tissue weight. In conclusion, AHR treatment can improve metabolic alterations induced by HFD in mice by modifying expression levels of genes involved in adipogenesis, lipogenesis, and lipolysis in the white adipose tissue and liver.
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Laskowski D, Andersson G, Humblot P, Sirard MA, Sjunnesson Y, Ferreira CR, Pirro V, Båge R. Lipid profile of bovine blastocysts exposed to insulin during in vitro oocyte maturation. Reprod Fertil Dev 2019; 30:1253-1266. [PMID: 29655403 DOI: 10.1071/rd17248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin is a key hormone with important functions in energy metabolism and is involved in the regulation of reproduction. Hyperinsulinaemia is known to impair fertility (for example, in obese mothers); therefore, we aimed to investigate the impact of elevated insulin concentrations during the sensitive period of oocyte maturation on gene expression and lipid profiles of the bovine Day-8 embryo. Two different insulin concentrations were used during in vitro oocyte maturation (INS10=10µgmL-1 and INS0.1=0.1µgmL-1) in order to observe possible dose-dependent effects or thresholds for hyperinsulinaemia in vitro. By investigating gene expression patterns by an mRNA microarray in combination with lipid profile analysis by desorption electrospray ionisation-mass spectrometry (DESI-MS) of embryos derived from insulin-treated oocytes, we gained further insights regarding molecular responses of embryos to insulin provocation during the first days of development. Lipid metabolism appeared to be influenced on multiple levels according to gene expression results but the profiles collected in positive-ion mode by DESI-MS (showing mostly ubiquinone, cholesteryl esters and triacylglycerols) did not differ significantly from controls. There are parallels in follicular development of ruminants and humans that make this bovine model relevant for comparative research on early human embryonic development during hyperinsulinaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Laskowski
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 7054, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Göran Andersson
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 7023, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Patrice Humblot
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 7054, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marc-André Sirard
- Departement des Sciences Animales, Centre de Recherche en Biologie de la Reproduction, Pavillon Des Services, Local 2732, University Laval, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Ylva Sjunnesson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 7054, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christina R Ferreira
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2084, USA
| | - Valentina Pirro
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2084, USA
| | - Renée Båge
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 7054, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
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Fujii M, Murakami Y, Karasawa Y, Sumitomo Y, Fujita S, Koyama M, Uda S, Kubota H, Inoue H, Konishi K, Oba S, Ishii S, Kuroda S. Logical design of oral glucose ingestion pattern minimizing blood glucose in humans. NPJ Syst Biol Appl 2019; 5:31. [PMID: 31508240 PMCID: PMC6718521 DOI: 10.1038/s41540-019-0108-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive increase in blood glucose level after eating increases the risk of macroangiopathy, and a method for not increasing the postprandial blood glucose level is desired. However, a logical design method of the dietary ingestion pattern controlling the postprandial blood glucose level has not yet been established. We constructed a mathematical model of blood glucose control by oral glucose ingestion in three healthy human subjects, and predicted that intermittent ingestion 30 min apart was the optimal glucose ingestion patterns that minimized the peak value of blood glucose level. We confirmed with subjects that this intermittent pattern consistently decreased the peak value of blood glucose level. We also predicted insulin minimization pattern, and found that the intermittent ingestion 30 min apart was optimal, which is similar to that of glucose minimization pattern. Taken together, these results suggest that the glucose minimization is achieved by suppressing the peak value of insulin concentration, rather than by enhancing insulin concentration. This approach could be applied to design optimal dietary ingestion patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Fujii
- Molecular Genetic Research Laboratory, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033 Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033 Japan
- Present Address: Department of Integrated Sciences for Life, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 739-8526 Japan
| | - Yohei Murakami
- Department of Systems Science, Graduate School of Informatics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501 Japan
| | - Yasuaki Karasawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Tokyo Hospital, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033 Japan
- Department of Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033 Japan
| | - Yohei Sumitomo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033 Japan
| | - Suguru Fujita
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033 Japan
| | - Masanori Koyama
- Department of Mathematics, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, 525-8577 Japan
| | - Shinsuke Uda
- Division of Integrated Omics, Research Center for Transomics Medicine, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kubota
- Division of Integrated Omics, Research Center for Transomics Medicine, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Inoue
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Unit, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, 920-8640 Japan
| | - Katsumi Konishi
- Faculty of Computer and Information Sciences, Hosei University, Tokyo, 184-8584 Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Oba
- Department of Systems Science, Graduate School of Informatics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501 Japan
| | - Shin Ishii
- Department of Systems Science, Graduate School of Informatics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501 Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, 113-0033 Japan
| | - Shinya Kuroda
- Molecular Genetic Research Laboratory, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033 Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033 Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, 113-0033 Japan
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Physical Exercise Affects Adipose Tissue Profile and Prevents Arterial Thrombosis in BDNF Val66Met Mice. Cells 2019; 8:cells8080875. [PMID: 31405230 PMCID: PMC6721716 DOI: 10.3390/cells8080875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue accumulation is an independent and modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). The recent CVD European Guidelines strongly recommend regular physical exercise (PE) as a management strategy for prevention and treatment of CVD associated with metabolic disorders and obesity. Although mutations as well as common genetic variants, including the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val66Met polymorphism, are associated with increased body weight, eating and neuropsychiatric disorders, and myocardial infarction, the effect of this polymorphism on adipose tissue accumulation and regulation as well as its relation to obesity/thrombosis remains to be elucidated. Here, we showed that white adipose tissue (WAT) of humanized knock-in BDNFVal66Met (BDNFMet/Met) mice is characterized by an altered morphology and an enhanced inflammatory profile compared to wild-type BDNFVal/Val. Four weeks of voluntary PE restored the adipocyte size distribution, counteracted the inflammatory profile of adipose tissue, and prevented the prothrombotic phenotype displayed, per se, by BDNFMet/Met mice. C3H10T1/2 cells treated with the Pro-BDNFMet peptide well recapitulated the gene alterations observed in BDNFMet/Met WAT mice. In conclusion, these data indicate the strong impact of lifestyle, in particular of the beneficial effect of PE, on the management of arterial thrombosis and inflammation associated with obesity in relation to the specific BDNF Val66Met mutation.
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PPARG2 Pro12Ala and TNF α -308G>A Polymorphisms Are Not Associated with Heart Failure Development in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease after Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting. PPAR Res 2019; 2019:1932036. [PMID: 31275366 PMCID: PMC6582793 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1932036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
TNFα and PPARγ are important modulators of metabolism, inflammation, and atherosclerosis. Coronary artery disease is the leading cause of heart failure (HF). The aim of the study was to assess whether polymorphisms of the TNFα (-308G>A) and PPARG2 (Pro12Ala) genes are associated with the risk of developing HF by patients with ischemic heart disease. Methods. 122 patients without HF (aged 63 ± 8.8 years, 85% males) with confirmed coronary artery disease qualified for coronary bypass grafting were enrolled in the study. After the procedure, they were screened for cardiac parameters. Those with elevated NT-proBNP or diminished left ventricular ejection fraction during follow-up were assigned to the HF group (n=78), and the remaining ones to the non-HF group (n=44). The TNFα -308G>A and PPARG2 Pro12Ala polymorphisms were detected using the TaqMan method. Results. The distributions of TNFα -308G>A and PPARG2 Pro12Ala did not differ between the HF and non-HF groups (-308G>A: 16% vs. 11.4% of alleles; Pro12Ala: 23.9% vs. 20.5% of alleles, respectively). IL-6 concentration in the plasma of TNFα A-allele carriers at months 1 and 12 after CABG was higher in the HF group compared to the non-HF group (1 month after CABG: 5.3 ± 3.4 vs. 3.1 ± 2.9, p<0.05; 12 months after CABG: 4.2 ± 3,9 vs. 1.4 ± 1.2, p<0.01, respectively). Both polymorphisms were not related to changes in the plasma TNFα concentration or other parameters related to HF. Conclusions. Our study did not reveal any correlation between the PPARG2 Pro12Ala and TNFα -308G>A polymorphisms and development of HF in patients with ischemic heart disease after coronary bypass grafting.
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The Zinc Transporter Zip7 Is Downregulated in Skeletal Muscle of Insulin-Resistant Cells and in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet. Cells 2019; 8:cells8070663. [PMID: 31266232 PMCID: PMC6678147 DOI: 10.3390/cells8070663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The zinc transporter Zip7 modulates zinc flux and controls cell signaling molecules associated with glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle. The present study evaluated the role of Zip7 in cell signaling pathways involved in insulin-resistant skeletal muscle and mice fed a high-fat diet. Methods: Insulin-resistant skeletal muscle cells were prepared by treatment with an inhibitor of the insulin receptor, HNMPA-(AM)3 or palmitate, and Zip7 was analyzed along with pAkt, pTyrosine and Glut4. Similarly, mice fed normal chow (NC) or a high-fat diet (HFD) were also analyzed for protein expression of Glut4 and Zip7. An overexpression system for Zip7 was utilized to determine the action of this zinc transporter on several genes implicated in insulin signaling and glucose control. Results: We identified that Zip7 is upregulated by glucose in normal skeletal muscle cells and downregulated in insulin-resistant skeletal muscle. We also observed (as expected) a decrease in pAkt and Glut4 in the insulin-resistant skeletal muscle cells. The overexpression of Zip7 in skeletal muscle cells led to the modulation of key genes involved in the insulin signaling axis and glucose metabolism including Akt3, Dok2, Fos, Hras, Kras, Nos2, Pck2, and Pparg. In an in vivo mouse model, we identified a reduction in Glut4 and Zip7 in the skeletal muscle of mice fed a HFD compared to NC controls. Conclusions: These data suggest that Zip7 plays a role in skeletal muscle insulin signaling and is downregulated in an insulin-resistant, and HFD state. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of Zip7 action will provide novel opportunities to target this transporter therapeutically for the treatment of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.
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Yagi T, Toyoshima Y, Tokita R, Taguchi Y, Okamoto Y, Takahashi SI, Kato H, Minami S. Low-protein diet enhances adiponectin secretion in rats. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2019; 83:1774-1781. [PMID: 31130066 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2019.1621153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies including ours have shown that a low-protein diet up-regulates insulin signaling in the liver and muscle and induces fatty liver in rats. Adiponectin is known as an insulin-sensitizing adipocytokine. We, therefore, examined the effect of a low-protein diet on the adiponectin levels in rats. The low-protein diet significantly increased serum adiponectin level. However, mRNA and protein levels of adiponectin in white adipose tissue (WAT) were not changed by the low-protein diet. Since it is known that oligomerization is important to control serum adiponectin level, we examined the population of adiponectin oligomeric forms in WAT and found that low-protein diet did not change it. Despite these events, the amount of its secretion was significantly increased in the adipocytes isolated from WAT of low-protein diet-fed rats. These results indicate that a low-protein diet enhances adiponectin secretion, which is not due to the increased intracellular amount and oligomerization of adiponectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Yagi
- a Department of Bioregulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Nippon Medical School , Nakahara-ku, Kawasaki , Kanagawa , Japan
| | - Yuka Toyoshima
- a Department of Bioregulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Nippon Medical School , Nakahara-ku, Kawasaki , Kanagawa , Japan
| | - Reiko Tokita
- a Department of Bioregulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Nippon Medical School , Nakahara-ku, Kawasaki , Kanagawa , Japan
| | - Yusuke Taguchi
- a Department of Bioregulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Nippon Medical School , Nakahara-ku, Kawasaki , Kanagawa , Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Okamoto
- a Department of Bioregulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Nippon Medical School , Nakahara-ku, Kawasaki , Kanagawa , Japan.,b Department of Medicine, Japan Community Health Care Organization Hodogaya Central Hospital , Yokohama , Kanagawa , Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Takahashi
- c Department of Animal Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo , Japan
| | - Hisanori Kato
- d Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Shiro Minami
- a Department of Bioregulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Nippon Medical School , Nakahara-ku, Kawasaki , Kanagawa , Japan
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Tanimura Y, Aoi W, Mizushima K, Higashimura Y, Naito Y. Combined treatment of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor and exercise training improves lipid profile in KK/Ta mice. Exp Physiol 2019; 104:1051-1060. [PMID: 31020720 DOI: 10.1113/ep087449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Exercise for type 2 diabetes patients treated with insulin therapy involves the risk of hypoglycaemia. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors can be effective in combination with exercise because they reduce the incidence of hypoglycaemia. We evaluated the effect of this combination of treatments on hepatic lipid metabolism in diabetic KK/Ta mice. What is the main finding and its importance? The combination of a DPP-4 inhibitor and exercise, which lowers the risk of hypoglycaemia, is useful for improving insulin resistance by inhibiting excess insulin secretion and decreasing hepatic lipid accumulation, validated by downregulated CD36. ABSTRACT The role of exercise training in prevention of diabetes and/or dyslipidaemia has been firmly established. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors improve insulin sensitivity and have attracted attention as therapeutics for hepatic lipid accumulation. The effect of a combination of DPP-4 inhibitor and exercise training on the prevention and treatment of hepatic lipid accumulation is unclear. Here, we investigated whether alogliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor, enhances the preventive effect of exercise-induced hepatic lipid accumulation in diabetic mice. Balb/c and KK/Ta mice were fed a high-fat diet. Mice were divided into the following five groups: B, Balb/c mice; K, KK/Ta mice; K-A, KK/Ta mice with alogliptin (0.01%); K-Ex, KK/Ta mice with exercise training (3 days week-1 , 15-20 m min-1 for 30 min); and K-Ex+A, KK/Ta mice with alogliptin and exercise training (n = 8 or 9 mice per group). After 8 weeks, glucose, insulin and triglyceride concentrations in the blood and triglyceride levels in the liver were significantly lower in the K-Ex+A group than in the K group. The liver expression level of PPAR-γ in the K group was significantly higher than that in the other groups. Additionally, the liver CD36 expression level was significantly lower in the K-Ex+A and B groups than in the K group. Thus, combined therapy of a DPP-4 inhibitor with exercise training was effective against high-fat diet-induced hepatic lipid accumulation in KK/Ta mice. The results of this study provide useful support for the practice of safe exercise therapy even in diabetic patients who require treatment with a DPP-4 inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Tanimura
- Faculty of Human Health, Aichi Toho University, Meito-ku, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Wataru Aoi
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School and Life and Environmental Science, Kyoto Prefectural University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Katsura Mizushima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuki Higashimura
- Department of Bioresources and Environmental Science, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Nonoichi, Japan
| | - Yuji Naito
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
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Longo M, Zatterale F, Naderi J, Parrillo L, Formisano P, Raciti GA, Beguinot F, Miele C. Adipose Tissue Dysfunction as Determinant of Obesity-Associated Metabolic Complications. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092358. [PMID: 31085992 PMCID: PMC6539070 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 811] [Impact Index Per Article: 162.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a critical risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D), and its prevalence is rising worldwide. White adipose tissue (WAT) has a crucial role in regulating systemic energy homeostasis. Adipose tissue expands by a combination of an increase in adipocyte size (hypertrophy) and number (hyperplasia). The recruitment and differentiation of adipose precursor cells in the subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), rather than merely inflating the cells, would be protective from the obesity-associated metabolic complications. In metabolically unhealthy obesity, the storage capacity of SAT, the largest WAT depot, is limited, and further caloric overload leads to the fat accumulation in ectopic tissues (e.g., liver, skeletal muscle, and heart) and in the visceral adipose depots, an event commonly defined as “lipotoxicity.” Excessive ectopic lipid accumulation leads to local inflammation and insulin resistance (IR). Indeed, overnutrition triggers uncontrolled inflammatory responses in WAT, leading to chronic low-grade inflammation, therefore fostering the progression of IR. This review summarizes the current knowledge on WAT dysfunction in obesity and its associated metabolic abnormalities, such as IR. A better understanding of the mechanisms regulating adipose tissue expansion in obesity is required for the development of future therapeutic approaches in obesity-associated metabolic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Longo
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy.
- URT Genomic of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Federica Zatterale
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy.
- URT Genomic of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Jamal Naderi
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy.
- URT Genomic of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Luca Parrillo
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy.
- URT Genomic of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Pietro Formisano
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy.
- URT Genomic of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Gregory Alexander Raciti
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy.
- URT Genomic of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Francesco Beguinot
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy.
- URT Genomic of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Claudia Miele
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy.
- URT Genomic of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy.
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Suzuki C, Ushijima K, Ando H, Kitamura H, Horiguchi M, Akita T, Yamashita C, Fujimura A. Induction of Dbp by a histone deacetylase inhibitor is involved in amelioration of insulin sensitivity via adipocyte differentiation in ob/ob mice. Chronobiol Int 2019; 36:955-968. [DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2019.1602841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chisato Suzuki
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Drug Delivery Systems, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kentaro Ushijima
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ando
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Function Analysis, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Hiroko Kitamura
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Michiko Horiguchi
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Drug Delivery Systems, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomomi Akita
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Drug Delivery Systems, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Chikamasa Yamashita
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Drug Delivery Systems, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Akio Fujimura
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
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63
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Bayindir-Buchhalter I, Wolff G, Lerch S, Sijmonsma T, Schuster M, Gronych J, Billeter AT, Babaei R, Krunic D, Ketscher L, Spielmann N, Hrabe de Angelis M, Ruas JL, Müller-Stich BP, Heikenwalder M, Lichter P, Herzig S, Vegiopoulos A. Cited4 is a sex-biased mediator of the antidiabetic glitazone response in adipocyte progenitors. EMBO Mol Med 2019; 10:emmm.201708613. [PMID: 29973382 PMCID: PMC6079535 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201708613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Most antidiabetic drugs treat disease symptoms rather than adipose tissue dysfunction as a key pathogenic cause in the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. Pharmacological targeting of adipose tissue through the nuclear receptor PPARg, as exemplified by glitazone treatments, mediates efficacious insulin sensitization. However, a better understanding of the context‐specific PPARg responses is required for the development of novel approaches with reduced side effects. Here, we identified the transcriptional cofactor Cited4 as a target and mediator of rosiglitazone in human and murine adipocyte progenitor cells, where it promoted specific sets of the rosiglitazone‐dependent transcriptional program. In mice, Cited4 was required for the proper induction of thermogenic expression by Rosi specifically in subcutaneous fat. This phenotype had high penetrance in females only and was not evident in beta‐adrenergically stimulated browning. Intriguingly, this specific defect was associated with reduced capacity for systemic thermogenesis and compromised insulin sensitization upon therapeutic rosiglitazone treatment in female but not male mice. Our findings on Cited4 function reveal novel unexpected aspects of the pharmacological targeting of PPARg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irem Bayindir-Buchhalter
- DKFZ Junior Group Metabolism and Stem Cell Plasticity, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gretchen Wolff
- DKFZ Junior Group Metabolism and Stem Cell Plasticity, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sarah Lerch
- DKFZ Junior Group Metabolism and Stem Cell Plasticity, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tjeerd Sijmonsma
- Division Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Schuster
- DKFZ Junior Group Metabolism and Stem Cell Plasticity, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan Gronych
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Adrian T Billeter
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rohollah Babaei
- DKFZ Junior Group Metabolism and Stem Cell Plasticity, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Damir Krunic
- Light Microscopy Facility, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lars Ketscher
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Molecular and Cellular Exercise Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nadine Spielmann
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Hrabe de Angelis
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Chair of Experimental Genetics, School of Life Science Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jorge L Ruas
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Molecular and Cellular Exercise Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Beat P Müller-Stich
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mathias Heikenwalder
- Division Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Lichter
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephan Herzig
- Helmholtz Center Munich, Institute for Diabetes and Cancer IDC, Neuherberg, Germany.,Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexandros Vegiopoulos
- DKFZ Junior Group Metabolism and Stem Cell Plasticity, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
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64
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Inhibition of oncogenic Src induces FABP4-mediated lipolysis via PPARγ activation exerting cancer growth suppression. EBioMedicine 2019; 41:134-145. [PMID: 30755372 PMCID: PMC6442332 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background c-Src is a driver oncogene well-known for tumorigenic signaling, but little for metabolic function. Previous reports about c-Src regulation of glucose metabolism prompted us to investigate its function in other nutrient modulation, particularly in lipid metabolism. Methods Oil-red O staining, cell growth assay, and tumor volume measurement were performed to determine lipid amount and growth inhibitory effect of treatments in lung cancer cells and xenograft model. Gene expression was evaluated by immunoblotting and relative RT-PCR. Transcriptional activity of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) was assessed by luciferase assay. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured using ROS sensing dye. Oxygen consumption rate was evaluated by Seahorse XF Mito Stress Test. Clinical relevance of candidate proteins was examined using patient samples and public database analysis. Findings Inhibition of Src induced lipolysis and increased intracellular ROS. Src inhibition derepressed PPARγ transcriptional activity leading to induced expression of lipolytic gene fatty acid binding protein (FABP) 4 which accompanies reduced lipid droplets and decreased tumor growth. The reverse correlation of Src and FABP4 was confirmed in pair-matched lung cancer patient samples, and further analysis using public datasets revealed upregulation of lipolytic genes is associated with better prognosis of cancer patients. Interpretation This study provides an insight of how oncogenic factor Src concurrently regulates both cellular signaling pathways and metabolic plasticity to drive cancer progression. Fund National Research Foundation of Korea and Korea Health Industry Development Institute.
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65
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Okouchi R, E S, Yamamoto K, Ota T, Seki K, Imai M, Ota R, Asayama Y, Nakashima A, Suzuki K, Tsuduki T. Simultaneous Intake of Euglena gracilis and Vegetables Exerts Synergistic Anti-Obesity and Anti-Inflammatory Effects by Modulating the Gut Microbiota in Diet-Induced Obese Mice. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11010204. [PMID: 30669573 PMCID: PMC6356467 DOI: 10.3390/nu11010204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We determined whether the anti-obesity effect provided by the consumption of Euglena gracilis (Euglena), which is rich in insoluble dietary fiber, could be enhanced by the co-consumption of vegetables with an abundance of soluble dietary fiber. Nine-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were divided into five groups as follows: group 1 received a normal diet, group 2 received a high-fat diet, and groups 3, 4, and 5 received high fat diets containing 0.3% paramylon, 1.0% Euglena, or 1.0% Euglena plus 0.3% vegetables (barley leaf, kale, and ashitaba), respectively. Mice were fed ad libitum until 18 weeks of age. Euglena intake significantly reduced visceral fat accumulation in obese mice, and co-consumption of vegetables enhanced this effect. Consumption of Euglena with vegetables reduced adipocyte area, suppressed the expression of genes related to fatty acid synthesis, upregulated genes related to adipocyte lipolysis, and suppressed serum markers of inflammation. Notably, we also observed an increase in the fraction of short-chain fatty acid-producing beneficial bacteria, a reduction in harmful bacteria that cause inflammation, and an increase in short-chain fatty acid production. Therefore, the co-consumption of vegetables enhanced the anti-obesity and anti-inflammatory effects of Euglena, likely by modulating the gut microbiota composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Okouchi
- Laboratory of Food and Biomolecular Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tohoku University, Sendai 981-8555, Japan.
| | - Shuang E
- Laboratory of Food and Biomolecular Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tohoku University, Sendai 981-8555, Japan.
| | - Kazushi Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Food and Biomolecular Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tohoku University, Sendai 981-8555, Japan.
| | - Toshikuni Ota
- Takeda Consumer Healthcare Company Limited, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0005, Japan.
| | - Kentarou Seki
- Takeda Consumer Healthcare Company Limited, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0005, Japan.
| | - Mayumi Imai
- Takeda Consumer Healthcare Company Limited, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0005, Japan.
| | - Ryuki Ota
- Takeda Consumer Healthcare Company Limited, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0005, Japan.
| | - Yuta Asayama
- Euglena Co., Ltd, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-0014, Japan.
| | | | - Kengo Suzuki
- Euglena Co., Ltd, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-0014, Japan.
| | - Tsuyoshi Tsuduki
- Laboratory of Food and Biomolecular Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tohoku University, Sendai 981-8555, Japan.
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66
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Takahashi S, Waki N, Mohri S, Takahashi H, Ara T, Aizawa K, Suganuma H, Kawada T, Goto T. Apo-12'-lycopenal, a Lycopene Metabolite, Promotes Adipocyte Differentiation via Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ Activation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:13152-13161. [PMID: 30449105 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b04736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Apo-lycopenals, lycopene metabolites produced by an initial cleavage by β,β-carotene-9',10'-oxygenase, exhibit diverse biologically active effects. In this study, we investigated the effect of apo-lycopenals on the activation of nuclear receptors involved in glucose and lipid metabolism. Only apo-12'-lycopenal exhibited selective and dose-dependent transactivation activity for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), whereas neither apo-6'- nor apo-8'-lycopenals displayed this activity ((7.83 ± 0.66)-, (1.32 ± 0.10)-, and (1.31 ± 0.37)-fold higher activity relative to control, respectively). Additionally, apo-12'-lycopenal promoted adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells and subsequently increased the mRNA levels of PPARγ (a (2.36 ± 0.07)-fold increase relative to control; p < 0.01) and its target genes, as well as enhanced adiponectin secretion (a (3.25 ± 0.27)-fold increase relative to control; p < 0.01) and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake (1486 ± 85 pmol/well; p < 0.001) in 3T3-L1 cells. Our results indicated that apo-12'-lycopenal promoted adipocyte differentiation by direct binding and activation of PPARγ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Takahashi
- Nature & Wellness Department, Innovation Division , Kagome Co., Ltd. , Nasushiobara , Tochigi 329-2762 , Japan
| | - Naoko Waki
- Nature & Wellness Department, Innovation Division , Kagome Co., Ltd. , Nasushiobara , Tochigi 329-2762 , Japan
| | - Shinsuke Mohri
- Laboratory of Molecular Function of Food, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture , Kyoto University , Uji , Kyoto 611-0011 , Japan
| | - Haruya Takahashi
- Laboratory of Molecular Function of Food, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture , Kyoto University , Uji , Kyoto 611-0011 , Japan
| | - Takeshi Ara
- Laboratory of Molecular Function of Food, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture , Kyoto University , Uji , Kyoto 611-0011 , Japan
| | - Koichi Aizawa
- Nature & Wellness Department, Innovation Division , Kagome Co., Ltd. , Nasushiobara , Tochigi 329-2762 , Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Suganuma
- Nature & Wellness Department, Innovation Division , Kagome Co., Ltd. , Nasushiobara , Tochigi 329-2762 , Japan
| | - Teruo Kawada
- Laboratory of Molecular Function of Food, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture , Kyoto University , Uji , Kyoto 611-0011 , Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Goto
- Laboratory of Molecular Function of Food, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture , Kyoto University , Uji , Kyoto 611-0011 , Japan
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67
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Abstract
Since its discovery, aldosterone and ion modulation have been entwined. While scientific investigations throughout the decades have emphasized aldosterone's connection to Na+, K+, and H+ homeostasis, more recent research has demonstrated a relationship between aldosterone and Mg2+, Ca2+, and Cl- homeostasis. The mechanisms connecting aldosterone to ion regulation frequently involve ion channels; the membrane localized proteins containing at least one aqueous pore for ion conduction. In order to precisely control intracellular or intraorganelle ion concentrations, ion channels have evolved highly specific regions within the conduction pore that select ions by charge, size, and/or dehydration energy requirement, meaning aldosterone must be able to modulate multiple ion channels to regulate the many ions described above. The list of ion channels presently connected to aldosterone includes ENaC (Na+), ROMK/BK (K+), TRPV4/5/6 (Ca2+), TRPM7/6 (Mg2+), and ClC-K/CFTR (Cl-), among others. This list is only expected to grow over time, as the promiscuity of aldosterone becomes more understood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rhian M Touyz
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Alvin Shrier
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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68
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Abu Bakar MH, Azmi MN, Shariff KA, Tan JS. Withaferin A Protects Against High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity Via Attenuation of Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Insulin Resistance. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2018; 188:241-259. [PMID: 30417321 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-018-2920-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Withaferin A (WA), a bioactive constituent derived from Withania somnifera plant, has been shown to exhibit many qualifying properties in attenuating several metabolic diseases. The current investigation sought to elucidate the protective mechanisms of WA (1.25 mg/kg/day) on pre-existing obese mice mediated by high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks. Following dietary administration of WA, significant metabolic improvements in hepatic insulin sensitivity, adipocytokines with enhanced glucose tolerance were observed. The hepatic oxidative functions of obese mice treated with WA were improved via augmented antioxidant enzyme activities. The levels of serum pro-inflammatory cytokines and hepatic mRNA expressions of toll-like receptor (TLR4), nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), chemokine (C-C motif) ligand-receptor, and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) in HFD-induced obese mice were reduced. Mechanistically, WA increased hepatic mRNA expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36), fatty acid synthase (FAS), carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), glucokinase (GCK), phosphofructokinase (PFK), and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PCK1) that were associated with enhanced lipid and glucose metabolism. Taken together, these results indicate that WA exhibits protective effects against HFD-induced obesity through attenuation of hepatic inflammation, oxidative stress, and insulin resistance in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Hafizi Abu Bakar
- Bioprocess Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Gelugor, Penang, Malaysia.
| | - Mohamad Nurul Azmi
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Gelugor, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Khairul Anuar Shariff
- School of Materials & Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300, Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Joo Shun Tan
- Bioprocess Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Gelugor, Penang, Malaysia
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69
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Takaguri A. Elucidation of a New Mechanism of Onset of Insulin Resistance: Effects of Statins and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α on Insulin Signal Transduction. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2018; 138:1329-1334. [DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.18-00116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akira Takaguri
- Department of Pharmacology, Hokkaido Pharmaceutical University School of Pharmacy
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70
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Iizuka Y, Kim H, Hirako S, Chiba K, Wada M, Matsumoto A. Benefits of combination low-dose pioglitazone plus fish oil on aged type 2 diabetes mice. J Food Drug Anal 2018; 26:1265-1274. [PMID: 30249325 PMCID: PMC9298570 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The elderly patients with type 2 diabetes suffer more adverse drug events than young adults due to pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic changes associated with aging. Reducing the risks of these medication-related problems are equally important for the clinical care of older type 2 diabetes patients. Pioglitazone is used for treating type 2 diabetes as an oral antidiabetic drug. Despite pioglitazone is used helpful insulin sensitizers, the accumulation of subcutaneous fat is considered a major adverse effect of pioglitazone therapy. We investigated to reduce the adverse effect of pioglitazone by combination with fish oil rich in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in aged diabetic KK mice. The accumulation of subcutaneous fat associated with high-dose pioglitazone is reduced by fish oil, suppressing lipogenesis and stimulating fatty acid β-oxidation in the liver. Our data suggest that adding fish oil to low-dose pioglitazone results in anti-diabetic efficacy similar to that of the high-dose without concomitant body weight gain.
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71
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Corrales P, Vidal-Puig A, Medina-Gómez G. PPARs and Metabolic Disorders Associated with Challenged Adipose Tissue Plasticity. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19072124. [PMID: 30037087 PMCID: PMC6073677 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19072124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are members of a family of nuclear hormone receptors that exert their transcriptional control on genes harboring PPAR-responsive regulatory elements (PPRE) in partnership with retinoid X receptors (RXR). The activation of PPARs coordinated by specific coactivators/repressors regulate networks of genes controlling diverse homeostatic processes involving inflammation, adipogenesis, lipid metabolism, glucose homeostasis, and insulin resistance. Defects in PPARs have been linked to lipodystrophy, obesity, and insulin resistance as a result of the impairment of adipose tissue expandability and functionality. PPARs can act as lipid sensors, and when optimally activated, can rewire many of the metabolic pathways typically disrupted in obesity leading to an improvement of metabolic homeostasis. PPARs also contribute to the homeostasis of adipose tissue under challenging physiological circumstances, such as pregnancy and aging. Given their potential pathogenic role and their therapeutic potential, the benefits of PPARs activation should not only be considered relevant in the context of energy balance-associated pathologies and insulin resistance but also as potential relevant targets in the context of diabetic pregnancy and changes in body composition and metabolic stress associated with aging. Here, we review the rationale for the optimization of PPAR activation under these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Corrales
- Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Avda. de Atenas s/n. Alcorcón, 28922 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Antonio Vidal-Puig
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK.
| | - Gema Medina-Gómez
- Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Avda. de Atenas s/n. Alcorcón, 28922 Madrid, Spain.
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72
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Li S, Liu L, He G, Wu J. Molecular targets and mechanisms of bioactive peptides against metabolic syndromes. Food Funct 2018; 9:42-52. [PMID: 29188845 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo01323j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bioactive peptides are present in all living organisms and have critical roles ranging from protection against infection as the key element of innate immunity, regulating blood pressure and glucose levels, to reducing signs of ageing by killing senescent cells. Bioactive peptides are also encrypted within food protein sequences that can be released during proteolysis or food processing. These specific food protein fragments are reported to have potential for improving human health and preventing metabolic diseases through their impact on inflammation, blood pressure, obesity, and type-2 diabetes. This review mainly focuses on the molecular targets and the underlying mechanisms of bioactive peptides against various metabolic syndromes including inflammation, high blood pressure, obesity, and type-2 diabetes, to provide new insights and perspectives on the potential of bioactive peptides for management of metabolic syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Li
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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73
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Kraakman MJ, Liu Q, Postigo-Fernandez J, Ji R, Kon N, Larrea D, Namwanje M, Fan L, Chan M, Area-Gomez E, Fu W, Creusot RJ, Qiang L. PPARγ deacetylation dissociates thiazolidinedione's metabolic benefits from its adverse effects. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:2600-2612. [PMID: 29589839 DOI: 10.1172/jci98709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) are PPARγ agonists with potent insulin-sensitizing effects. However, their use has been curtailed by substantial adverse effects on weight, bone, heart, and hemodynamic balance. TZDs induce the deacetylation of PPARγ on K268 and K293 to cause the browning of white adipocytes. Here, we show that targeted PPARγ mutations resulting in constitutive deacetylation (K268R/K293R, 2KR) increased energy expenditure and protected from visceral adiposity and diet-induced obesity by augmenting brown remodeling of white adipose tissues. Strikingly, when 2KR mice were treated with rosiglitazone, they maintained the insulin-sensitizing, glucose-lowering response to TZDs, while displaying little, if any, adverse effects on fat deposition, bone density, fluid retention, and cardiac hypertrophy. Thus, deacetylation appears to fulfill the goal of dissociating the metabolic benefits of PPARγ activation from its adverse effects. Strategies to leverage PPARγ deacetylation may lead to the design of safer, more effective agonists of this nuclear receptor in the treatment of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Qiongming Liu
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology
| | - Jorge Postigo-Fernandez
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center.,Department of Medicine, Columbia Center for Translational Immunology
| | - Ruiping Ji
- Center for Advanced Cardiac Care, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology
| | - Ning Kon
- Institute for Cancer Genetics and Department of Pathology, and
| | - Delfina Larrea
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University New York, New York, USA
| | - Maria Namwanje
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology
| | - Lihong Fan
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology.,Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Michelle Chan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Estela Area-Gomez
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University New York, New York, USA
| | - Wenxian Fu
- Department of Pediatrics, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Remi J Creusot
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center.,Department of Medicine, Columbia Center for Translational Immunology
| | - Li Qiang
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology
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74
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An JY, Jheng HF, Nagai H, Sanada K, Takahashi H, Iwase M, Watanabe N, Kim YI, Teraminami A, Takahashi N, Nakata R, Inoue H, Seno S, Mastuda H, Kawada T, Goto T. A Phytol-Enriched Diet Activates PPAR-α in the Liver and Brown Adipose Tissue to Ameliorate Obesity-Induced Metabolic Abnormalities. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62:e1700688. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yeong An
- Laboratory of Molecular Function of Food; Division of Food Science and Biotechnology; Graduate School of Agriculture; Kyoto University; Uji Japan
| | - Huei-Fen Jheng
- Laboratory of Molecular Function of Food; Division of Food Science and Biotechnology; Graduate School of Agriculture; Kyoto University; Uji Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nagai
- Laboratory of Molecular Function of Food; Division of Food Science and Biotechnology; Graduate School of Agriculture; Kyoto University; Uji Japan
- Gifu Prefectural Research Institute for Health and Environmental Science; Kakamigahara Japan
| | - Kohei Sanada
- Laboratory of Molecular Function of Food; Division of Food Science and Biotechnology; Graduate School of Agriculture; Kyoto University; Uji Japan
| | - Haruya Takahashi
- Laboratory of Molecular Function of Food; Division of Food Science and Biotechnology; Graduate School of Agriculture; Kyoto University; Uji Japan
| | - Mari Iwase
- Laboratory of Molecular Function of Food; Division of Food Science and Biotechnology; Graduate School of Agriculture; Kyoto University; Uji Japan
| | - Natsumi Watanabe
- Laboratory of Molecular Function of Food; Division of Food Science and Biotechnology; Graduate School of Agriculture; Kyoto University; Uji Japan
| | - Young-Il Kim
- Laboratory of Molecular Function of Food; Division of Food Science and Biotechnology; Graduate School of Agriculture; Kyoto University; Uji Japan
| | - Aki Teraminami
- Laboratory of Molecular Function of Food; Division of Food Science and Biotechnology; Graduate School of Agriculture; Kyoto University; Uji Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Takahashi
- Laboratory of Molecular Function of Food; Division of Food Science and Biotechnology; Graduate School of Agriculture; Kyoto University; Uji Japan
- Research Unit for Physiological Chemistry; The Center for the Promotion of Interdisciplinary Education and Research; Kyoto University; Uji Japan
| | - Rieko Nakata
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition; Nara Women's University; Nara Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Inoue
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition; Nara Women's University; Nara Japan
| | - Shigeto Seno
- Graduate School of Information Science and Technology; Osaka University; Osaka Japan
| | - Hideo Mastuda
- Graduate School of Information Science and Technology; Osaka University; Osaka Japan
| | - Teruo Kawada
- Laboratory of Molecular Function of Food; Division of Food Science and Biotechnology; Graduate School of Agriculture; Kyoto University; Uji Japan
- Research Unit for Physiological Chemistry; The Center for the Promotion of Interdisciplinary Education and Research; Kyoto University; Uji Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Goto
- Laboratory of Molecular Function of Food; Division of Food Science and Biotechnology; Graduate School of Agriculture; Kyoto University; Uji Japan
- Research Unit for Physiological Chemistry; The Center for the Promotion of Interdisciplinary Education and Research; Kyoto University; Uji Japan
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75
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Aldosterone, SGK1, and ion channels in the kidney. Clin Sci (Lond) 2018; 132:173-183. [PMID: 29352074 PMCID: PMC5817097 DOI: 10.1042/cs20171525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hyperaldosteronism, a common cause of hypertension, is strongly connected to Na+, K+, and Mg2+ dysregulation. Owing to its steroidal structure, aldosterone is an active transcriptional modifier when bound to the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) in cells expressing the enzyme 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2, such as those comprising the aldosterone-sensitive distal nephron (ASDN). One such up-regulated protein, the ubiquitous serum and glucocorticoid regulated kinase 1 (SGK1), has the capacity to modulate the surface expression and function of many classes of renal ion channels, including those that transport Na+ (ENaC), K+ (ROMK/BK), Ca2+ (TRPV4/5/6), Mg2+ (TRPM7/6), and Cl− (ClC-K, CFTR). Here, we discuss the mechanisms by which ASDN expressed channels are up-regulated by SGK1, while highlighting newly discovered pathways connecting aldosterone to nonselective cation channels that are permeable to Mg2+ (TRPM7) or Ca2+ (TRPV4).
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Lee YS, Park JS, Lee DH, Lee DK, Kwon SW, Lee BW, Bae SH. The Antidiabetic Drug Lobeglitazone Protects Mice From Lipogenesis-Induced Liver Injury via Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 Inhibition. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:539. [PMID: 30298052 PMCID: PMC6161559 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a metabolic disorder closely linked with type II diabetes (T2D). The progression of NAFLD is associated with the induction of lipogenesis through hyperactivation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) pathway. An increase in lipogenesis induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and accelerates oxidative liver injury in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Lobeglitazone, one of thiazolidinediones (TZDs), is used as an antidiabetic drug to lower serum glucose level through an increase in insulin sensitivity. It is known to improve pathological symptoms in animals and humans with NAFLD. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of the protective effects of lobeglitazone against NAFLD has not been elucidated. Here, we show that under the physiological condition of acute lipogenesis, lobeglitazone inhibits hepatic lipid synthesis, the subsequent ER stress, and ω-oxidation of fatty acids by inhibiting the mTORC1 pathway. As a result, lobeglitazone protected mice from lipogenesis-induced oxidative liver injury. Taken together, lobeglitazone might be a suitable drug for the treatment of patients with diabetes and NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Seol Lee
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeong Su Park
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Da Hyun Lee
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong-Kyu Lee
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung Won Kwon
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byung-Wan Lee
- Graduate School, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute of Endocrine Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soo Han Bae
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Soo Han Bae
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77
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Cigarette Smoking and Adipose Tissue: The Emerging Role in Progression of Atherosclerosis. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:3102737. [PMID: 29445255 PMCID: PMC5763059 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3102737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Smoking is an established risk factor for atherosclerosis through several underlying pathways. Moreover, in the development of atherosclerotic plaque formation, obesity, defined as excess fat mass accumulation, also plays a vital role in dyslipidemia and insulin resistance. Substantial evidence shows that cigarette smoking induces multiple pathological effects in adipose tissue, such as differentiation of adipocytes, lipolysis, and secretion properties in adipose tissue. Therefore, there is an emerging speculation in which adipose tissue abnormality induced by smoking or nicotine is likely to accelerate the progression of atherosclerosis. Herein, this review aims to investigate the possible interplay between smoking and adipose tissue dysfunction in the development of atherosclerosis.
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78
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Sakkiah S, Wang T, Zou W, Wang Y, Pan B, Tong W, Hong H. Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals Mediated through Binding Androgen Receptor Are Associated with Diabetes Mellitus. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 15:ijerph15010025. [PMID: 29295509 PMCID: PMC5800125 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can mimic natural hormone to interact with receptors in the endocrine system and thus disrupt the functions of the endocrine system, raising concerns on the public health. In addition to disruption of the endocrine system, some EDCs have been found associated with many diseases such as breast cancer, prostate cancer, infertility, asthma, stroke, Alzheimer’s disease, obesity, and diabetes mellitus. EDCs that binding androgen receptor have been reported associated with diabetes mellitus in in vitro, animal, and clinical studies. In this review, we summarize the structural basis and interactions between androgen receptor and EDCs as well as the associations of various types of diabetes mellitus with the EDCs mediated through androgen receptor binding. We also discuss the perspective research for further understanding the impact and mechanisms of EDCs on the risk of diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sugunadevi Sakkiah
- National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
| | - Tony Wang
- Department of Biology, Arkansas University, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.
| | - Wen Zou
- National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
| | - Yuping Wang
- National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
| | - Bohu Pan
- National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
| | - Weida Tong
- National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
| | - Huixiao Hong
- National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
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79
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Targeting white, brown and perivascular adipose tissue in atherosclerosis development. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 816:82-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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80
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Fluid Retention Caused by Rosiglitazone Is Related to Increases in AQP2 and αENaC Membrane Expression. PPAR Res 2017; 2017:8130968. [PMID: 29230238 PMCID: PMC5688369 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8130968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) is a ligand-activated transcription factor of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily. The decreased phosphorylation of PPARγ due to rosiglitazone (ROS) is the main reason for the increased insulin sensitivity caused by this antidiabetic drug. However, there is no clear evidence whether the nuclear translocation of p-PPARγ stimulated by ROS is related to fluid retention. It is also unclear whether the translocation of p-PPARγ is associated with the change of aquaporin-2 (AQP2) and epithelial sodium channel α subunit (αENaC) in membranes, cytoplasm, and nucleus. Our experiments indicate that ROS significantly downregulates nuclear p-PPARγ and increases membrane AQP2 and αENaC; however, SR1664 (a nonagonist PPARγ ligand) reduces p-PPARγ and has no effect on AQP2 and αENaC. Therefore, we conclude that in vitro the fluid retention caused by ROS is associated with the increases in membrane αENaC and AQP2 but has little relevance to the phosphorylation of PPARγ.
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81
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Matsushita K, Dzau VJ. Mesenchymal stem cells in obesity: insights for translational applications. J Transl Med 2017; 97:1158-1166. [PMID: 28414326 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2017.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is now a major public health problem worldwide. Lifestyle modification to reduce the characteristic excess body adiposity is important in the treatment of obesity, but effective therapeutic intervention is still needed to control what has become an obesity epidemic. Unfortunately, many anti-obesity drugs have been withdrawn from market due to adverse side effects. Bariatric surgery therefore remains the most effective therapy for severe cases, although such surgery is invasive and researchers continue to seek new control strategies for obesity. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a major source of adipocyte generation, and studies have been conducted into the potential roles of MSCs in treating obesity. However, despite significant progress in stem cell research and its potential applications for obesity, adipogenesis is a highly complex process and the molecular mechanisms governing MSC adipogenesis remain ill defined. In particular, successful clinical application of MSCs will require extensive identification and characterization of the transcriptional regulators controlling MSC adipogenesis. Since obesity is associated with the incidence of multiple important comorbidities, an in-depth understanding of the relationship between MSC adipogenesis and the comorbidities of obesity is also necessary to evaluate the potential of effective and safe MSC-based therapies for obesity. In addition, brown adipogenesis is an attractive topic from the viewpoint of therapeutic innovation and future research into MSC-based brown adipogenesis could lead to a novel breakthrough. Ongoing stem cell studies and emerging research fields such as epigenetics are expected to elucidate the complicated mechanisms at play in MSC adipogenesis and develop novel MSC-based therapeutic options for obesity. This review discusses the current understanding of MSCs in adipogenesis and their potential clinical applications for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Matsushita
- Division of Cardiology, Second Department of Internal Medicine, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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82
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Mizuno H, Hatano T, Taketomi A, Kawabata M, Nakabayashi T. Bergamottin Promotes Adipocyte Differentiation and Inhibits Tumor Necrosis Factor-α-induced Inflammatory Cytokines Induction in 3T3-L1 Cells. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2017; 137:775-781. [PMID: 28566583 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.16-00269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, a lot of food ingredients are marketed as dietary supplements for health. Because the effectiveness and mechanisms of these compounds have not been fully characterized, they might have unknown functions. Therefore, we investigated the effect of several food ingredients (Bergamottin, Chrysin, L-Citrulline and β-Carotene) known as health foods on adipocyte differentiation by using 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. In this study, we found that Bergamottin, a furanocoumarin isolated from grapefruit juice, promotes adipocyte differentiation. In addition, Bergamottin increases the expression of adiponectin, an anti-inflammatory adipokine, and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ), a nuclear receptor regulating adipocyte differentiation. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory activity of Bergamottin was demonstrated by its inhibition of the activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), an inflammatory transcription factor. Stimulation of mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes by tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) decreased the expression of the endogeneous NF-κB inhibitor, IκBα. Treatment with Bergamottin further decreased the TNF-α-induced change in IκBα expression, suggesting that Bergamottin mediated the inhibition of NF-κB activation. In addition, Bergamottin decreased the TNF-α-induced increase in the mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory adipokines, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and interleukin-6. Taken together, our results show that Bergamottin treatment could inhibit inflammatory activity through promoting adipocyte differentiation, which in turn suggests that Bergamottin has the potential to minimize the risk factors of metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideya Mizuno
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University
| | - Tomoko Hatano
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University
| | - Ayako Taketomi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University
| | - Mami Kawabata
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University
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83
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Effect of the antidiabetic agent pioglitazone on bone metabolism in rats. J Pharmacol Sci 2017; 135:22-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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84
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Wang S, Goodspeed L, Turk KE, Houston B, den Hartigh LJ. Rosiglitazone Improves Insulin Resistance Mediated by 10,12 Conjugated Linoleic Acid in a Male Mouse Model of Metabolic Syndrome. Endocrinology 2017; 158. [PMID: 28651330 PMCID: PMC5659669 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-00213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid (10,12 CLA) is a dietary fatty acid that promotes weight loss and disproportionate fat loss. Obese mice fed a high-fat, high-sucrose (HFHS) diet containing 10,12 CLA are resistant to weight gain and contain markedly reduced subcutaneous fat and adiponectin, with a concurrent lack of improvement in insulin sensitivity despite significant weight loss. Taken together, 10,12 CLA promotes a phenotype resembling peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ antagonism. Because thiazolidinediones such as rosiglitazone (Rosi) are used clinically to improve insulin sensitivity by activating PPARγ, with particular efficacy in subcutaneous white adipose tissue, we hypothesized that Rosi would improve glucose metabolism in mice losing weight with 10,12 CLA. Obese low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice were fed a HFHS control diet, or supplemented with 1% 10,12 CLA with or without Rosi (10 mg/kg) for 8 weeks. Body composition, glucose and insulin tolerance tests, tissue gene expression, and plasma lipid analyses were performed. Mice consuming 10,12 CLA with Rosi lost weight and body fat compared with control groups, but with a healthier redistribution of body fat toward more subcutaneous adipose tissue than with 10,12 CLA alone. Further, Rosi improved 10,12 CLA-mediated insulin resistance parameters and increased plasma and subcutaneous adipose tissue adiponectin levels without adverse effects on plasma or hepatic lipids. We conclude that cotreatment of mice with 10,12 CLA and Rosi promotes fat loss with a healthier fat distribution that leads to improved insulin sensitivity, suggesting that the combination treatment strategy of 10,12 CLA with Rosi could have therapeutic potential for obesity treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shari Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109
| | - Leela Goodspeed
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109
| | - Katherine E. Turk
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109
| | - Barbara Houston
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109
| | - Laura J. den Hartigh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109
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85
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Jankovic A, Otasevic V, Stancic A, Buzadzic B, Korac A, Korac B. Physiological regulation and metabolic role of browning in white adipose tissue. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2017; 31:hmbci-2017-0034. [PMID: 28862984 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2017-0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Great progress has been made in our understanding of the browning process in white adipose tissue (WAT) in rodents. The recognition that i) adult humans have physiologically inducible brown adipose tissue (BAT) that may facilitate resistance to obesity and ii) that adult human BAT molecularly and functionally resembles beige adipose tissue in rodents, reignited optimism that obesity and obesity-related diabetes type 2 can be battled by controlling the browning of WAT. In this review the main cellular mechanisms and molecular mediators of browning of WAT in different physiological states are summarized. The relevance of browning of WAT in metabolic health is considered primarily through a modulation of biological role of fat tissue in overall metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Jankovic
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vesna Otasevic
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Stancic
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Biljana Buzadzic
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Korac
- Faculty of Biology, Center for Electron Microscopy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Bato Korac
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia, Phone: (381-11)-2078-307, Fax: (381-11)-2761-433
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86
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Pirat C, Dacquet C, Leclerc V, Hennuyer N, Beucher-Gaudin M, Zanirato G, Géant A, Staels B, Ktorza A, Farce A, Caignard DH, Berthelot P, Lebegue N. Anti-diabetic activity of fused PPARγ-SIRT1 ligands with limited body-weight gain by mimicking calorie restriction and decreasing SGK1 expression. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 137:310-326. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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87
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Okazaki H, Takeda S, Ishii H, Takemoto Y, Fujita S, Suyama M, Matsumoto K, Shindo M, Aramaki H. A Novel Bongkrekic Acid Analog-Mediated Modulation of the Size of Lipid Droplets: Evidence for the Appearance of Smaller Adipocytes. Biol Pharm Bull 2017; 40:1192-1198. [PMID: 28769000 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b16-00915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) are known as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) activators, and are used in the treatment of diabetes. Although the usefulness of TZDs has been demonstrated, some of their side effects are becoming an obstacle to their clinical applicability; edema is known to be evoked by the "structural characteristics" of TZD, but not by the PPARγ activation. Thus, novel therapeutic modalities (i.e., non-TZD-type PPARγ activators) having different structures to those of TZDs are desired. We previously identified bongkrekic acid (BKA) as a PPARγ activator using the human breast cancer MCF-7 cell line as a model system. In the present study, we newly synthesized BKA analogs and examined the usefulness of BKA and its analogs as PPARγ activators in differentiated adipocyte cells. Among the chemicals investigated, one of the BKA analogs (BKA-#2) strongly stimulated PPARγ and the differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells similar to pioglitazone, a positive control. Furthermore, BKA-#2 reduced the size of lipid droplets in the mature adipocyte cells. The possible modulation mechanism by BKA-#2 is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shuso Takeda
- Laboratory of Xenobiotic Metabolism and Environmental Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hiroshima International University (HIU)
| | - Hiroyuki Ishii
- Department of Molecular Biology, Daiichi University of Pharmacy
| | - Yukimi Takemoto
- Department of Molecular Biology, Daiichi University of Pharmacy
| | - Satoshi Fujita
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University
| | - Masaki Suyama
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University
| | - Kenji Matsumoto
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University
| | - Mitsuru Shindo
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University
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88
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Sakuma S, Sumida M, Endoh Y, Kurita A, Yamaguchi A, Watanabe T, Kohda T, Tsukiyama Y, Fujimoto Y. Curcumin inhibits adipogenesis induced by benzyl butyl phthalate in 3T3-L1 cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2017; 329:158-164. [PMID: 28595985 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Phthalates are a group of endocrine disrupting chemicals and may have contributed to the recent global obesity health crisis. Increased adipogenesis via the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ)-CCAAT-enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα) pathway could be one critical mechanism responsible for phthalate-induced weight gain. On the other hand, curcumin has been shown to inhibit adipogenesis in cells and animal models. The present study was undertaken to evaluate, for the first time, whether curcumin could reduce adipogenesis induced by benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP) via downregulation of the PPARγ-C/EBPα pathway. 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were differentiated by treating them with insulin, dexamethasone, and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine in the presence of BBP, with or without curcumin. Cells that were grown in the presence of BBP alone showed a significant increase in triacylglycerol (TG) levels. In addition, the number of Oil Red O-stained cells and the mRNA expression levels of PPARγ, C/EBPα, adiponectin, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) were significantly increased. However, treatment with BBP in combination with curcumin resulted in major reductions in TG levels, the numbers of Oil Red O-stained cells, and the mRNA expression levels of the four proteins. These results suggest that curcumin might be an inhibitor of BBP-induced weight gain and inflammation via stimulation of adipocyte differentiation and TNFα generation. Curcumin may, therefore, be a potential medication for preventing the harmful effects of phthalates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Sakuma
- Laboratory of Physiological Chemistry, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan.
| | - Maki Sumida
- Laboratory of Physiological Chemistry, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | - Yukiko Endoh
- Laboratory of Physiological Chemistry, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | - Ayaka Kurita
- Laboratory of Physiological Chemistry, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | - Ayana Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Physiological Chemistry, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | - Tomoki Watanabe
- Laboratory of Physiological Chemistry, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kohda
- Laboratory of Physiological Chemistry, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | - Yui Tsukiyama
- Laboratory of Physiological Chemistry, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | - Yohko Fujimoto
- Laboratory of Physiological Chemistry, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan.
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89
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Caputo T, Gilardi F, Desvergne B. From chronic overnutrition to metaflammation and insulin resistance: adipose tissue and liver contributions. FEBS Lett 2017; 591:3061-3088. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Caputo
- Center for Integrative Genomics; Lausanne Faculty of Biology and Medicine; University of Lausanne; Switzerland
| | - Federica Gilardi
- Center for Integrative Genomics; Lausanne Faculty of Biology and Medicine; University of Lausanne; Switzerland
| | - Béatrice Desvergne
- Center for Integrative Genomics; Lausanne Faculty of Biology and Medicine; University of Lausanne; Switzerland
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90
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Abstract
Adiponectin is the most abundant peptide secreted by adipocytes, whose reduction plays a central role in obesity-related diseases, including insulin resistance/type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. In addition to adipocytes, other cell types, such as skeletal and cardiac myocytes and endothelial cells, can also produce this adipocytokine. Adiponectin effects are mediated by adiponectin receptors, which occur as two isoforms (AdipoR1 and AdipoR2). Adiponectin has direct actions in liver, skeletal muscle, and the vasculature.Adiponectin exists in the circulation as varying molecular weight forms, produced by multimerization. Several endoplasmic reticulum ER-associated proteins, including ER oxidoreductase 1-α (Ero1-α), ER resident protein 44 (ERp44), disulfide-bond A oxidoreductase-like protein (DsbA-L), and glucose-regulated protein 94 (GPR94), have recently been found to be involved in the assembly and secretion of higher-order adiponectin complexes. Recent data indicate that the high-molecular weight (HMW) complexes have the predominant action in metabolic tissues. Studies have shown that adiponectin administration in humans and rodents has insulin-sensitizing, anti-atherogenic, and anti-inflammatory effects, and, in certain settings, also decreases body weight. Therefore, adiponectin replacement therapy in humans may suggest potential versatile therapeutic targets in the treatment of obesity, insulin resistance/type 2 diabetes, and atherosclerosis. The current knowledge on regulation and function of adiponectin in obesity, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular disease is summarized in this review.
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91
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Kubo H, Hoshi M, Matsumoto T, Irie M, Oura S, Tsutsumi H, Hata Y, Yamamoto Y, Saito K. Sake lees extract improves hepatic lipid accumulation in high fat diet-fed mice. Lipids Health Dis 2017; 16:106. [PMID: 28578672 PMCID: PMC5457550 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-017-0501-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasing worldwide as one of the leading causes of chronic liver disease. Sake lees (SL) are secondary products of sake manufacturing and are considered to have beneficial effects on human health. To investigate these effects, we used high fat diet (HFD)-fed mice treated with or without the SL extract. Method Mice were the HFD ad libitum for 8 weeks and were administered 500 μL of distilled water with or without the SL extract (350 mg/mL) by a feeding needle daily for the last 4 weeks. Food intake, body weight, and liver weight were measured. Triacylglycerol content and the mRNA and protein expression levels of various lipid and glucose metabolism-related genes were determined in liver tissues. The levels of triglyceride, free fatty acids, glucose, insulin, and liver cell damage markers were determined in serum. Fatty acid-induced lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells was assessed in the presence or absence of the SL extract. Results Mice fed a HFD and treated with the SL extract demonstrated a significant reduction in hepatic lipid accumulation and mRNA and protein levels of peroxidome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), PPARα, CD36, and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 in the liver, while the SL extract did not affect body weight and food intake. Moreover, insulin resistance and hepatic inflammation in HFD-fed mice improved after administration of the SL extract. In HepG2 cells, the SL extract suppressed fatty acid-induced intracellular lipid accumulation. Conclusions These findings suggest that treatment with the SL extract could potentially reduce the risk of NAFLD development, and that the SL extract may be clinically useful for the treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisako Kubo
- Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Masato Hoshi
- Department of Biochemical and Analytical Sciences, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukakecho, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Takuya Matsumoto
- Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Motoko Irie
- Research Institute, Gekkeikan Sake Co. Ltd., 247 Minamihamcho, Fushimi, Kyoto, 612-8385, Japan
| | - Shin Oura
- Research Institute, Gekkeikan Sake Co. Ltd., 247 Minamihamcho, Fushimi, Kyoto, 612-8385, Japan
| | - Hiroko Tsutsumi
- Research Institute, Gekkeikan Sake Co. Ltd., 247 Minamihamcho, Fushimi, Kyoto, 612-8385, Japan
| | - Yoji Hata
- Research Institute, Gekkeikan Sake Co. Ltd., 247 Minamihamcho, Fushimi, Kyoto, 612-8385, Japan
| | - Yasuko Yamamoto
- Department of Disease Control and Prevention, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukakecho, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Kuniaki Saito
- Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan. .,Department of Disease Control and Prevention, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukakecho, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan.
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92
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Qiu Y, Sui X, Cao S, Li X, Ning Y, Wang S, Yin L, Zhi X. Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory Protein (StAR) Overexpression Reduces Inflammation and Insulin Resistance in Obese Mice. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:3932-3942. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Qiu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology School of Basic Medical Sciences Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Xianxian Sui
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology School of Basic Medical Sciences Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Shengxuan Cao
- Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Experimental Teaching Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology School of Basic Medical Sciences Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Yanxia Ning
- Department of Internal Medicine School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia
| | - Songmei Wang
- Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Experimental Teaching Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Lianhua Yin
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology School of Basic Medical Sciences Fudan University Shanghai China
- Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Experimental Teaching Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Xiuling Zhi
- Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Experimental Teaching Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences Fudan University Shanghai China
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93
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Abstract
The heart utilizes large amounts of fatty acids as energy providing substrates. The physiological balance of lipid uptake and oxidation prevents accumulation of excess lipids. Several processes that affect cardiac function, including ischemia, obesity, diabetes mellitus, sepsis, and most forms of heart failure lead to altered fatty acid oxidation and often also to the accumulation of lipids. There is now mounting evidence associating certain species of these lipids with cardiac lipotoxicity and subsequent myocardial dysfunction. Experimental and clinical data are discussed and paths to reduction of toxic lipids as a means to improve cardiac function are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Christian Schulze
- From the Divisions of Cardiology, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Germany, and Columbia University, New York, NY (P.C.S.); Metabolic Biology Laboratory, Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (K.D.); and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY (I.J.G.).
| | - Konstantinos Drosatos
- From the Divisions of Cardiology, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Germany, and Columbia University, New York, NY (P.C.S.); Metabolic Biology Laboratory, Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (K.D.); and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY (I.J.G.)
| | - Ira J Goldberg
- From the Divisions of Cardiology, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Germany, and Columbia University, New York, NY (P.C.S.); Metabolic Biology Laboratory, Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (K.D.); and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY (I.J.G.)
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94
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Li X, Wang J, Yang Q, Shao S. 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 in Obese Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Am J Med Sci 2017; 354:408-414. [PMID: 29078846 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2017.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is one of the most significant contributors to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Tissue-specific glucocorticoids regulated by 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase enzyme (11β-HSD) type 1 are involved in central obesity and obesity-related comorbidities. Moderate downregulation of 11β-HSD1 can attenuate insulin insensitivity and the impairment of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Some of the beneficial effects of 11β-HSD1 inhibition may be mediated, at least in part, through inactivation of tissue-specific glucocorticoid action related to insulin signaling mechanisms, alleviation of abnormal cytokine profile and the improvement of β-cell function. Thus, 11β-HSD1 is a promising target for the treatment and prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Li
- Division of Endocrinology, The First People׳s Hospital of Yichang, Three Gorges University People׳s Hospital, Yichang, P.R. China
| | - Jingli Wang
- Division of Endocrinology, Jingzhou Central Hospital, Jingzhou, P.R. China
| | - Qin Yang
- Division of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China.
| | - Shiying Shao
- Division of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China.
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95
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Martín-Jiménez CA, Salazar-Barreto D, Barreto GE, González J. Genome-Scale Reconstruction of the Human Astrocyte Metabolic Network. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:23. [PMID: 28243200 PMCID: PMC5303712 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are the most abundant cells of the central nervous system; they have a predominant role in maintaining brain metabolism. In this sense, abnormal metabolic states have been found in different neuropathological diseases. Determination of metabolic states of astrocytes is difficult to model using current experimental approaches given the high number of reactions and metabolites present. Thus, genome-scale metabolic networks derived from transcriptomic data can be used as a framework to elucidate how astrocytes modulate human brain metabolic states during normal conditions and in neurodegenerative diseases. We performed a Genome-Scale Reconstruction of the Human Astrocyte Metabolic Network with the purpose of elucidating a significant portion of the metabolic map of the astrocyte. This is the first global high-quality, manually curated metabolic reconstruction network of a human astrocyte. It includes 5,007 metabolites and 5,659 reactions distributed among 8 cell compartments, (extracellular, cytoplasm, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticle, Golgi apparatus, lysosome, peroxisome and nucleus). Using the reconstructed network, the metabolic capabilities of human astrocytes were calculated and compared both in normal and ischemic conditions. We identified reactions activated in these two states, which can be useful for understanding the astrocytic pathways that are affected during brain disease. Additionally, we also showed that the obtained flux distributions in the model, are in accordance with literature-based findings. Up to date, this is the most complete representation of the human astrocyte in terms of inclusion of genes, proteins, reactions and metabolic pathways, being a useful guide for in-silico analysis of several metabolic behaviors of the astrocyte during normal and pathologic states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia A Martín-Jiménez
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Diego Salazar-Barreto
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Bogotá, Colombia
| | - George E Barreto
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad JaverianaBogotá, Colombia; Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Janneth González
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Bogotá, Colombia
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96
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de Fatima Silva F, Ortiz-Silva M, de Souza Galia WB, Cassolla P, Graciano MFR, Zaia CTBV, Zaia D, Carpinelli ÂR, da Silva FG, de Souza HM. Pioglitazone improves insulin sensitivity and reduces weight loss in Walker-256 tumor-bearing rats. Life Sci 2017; 171:68-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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97
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Abstract
Objective The use of thiazolidinediones is reported to be associated with an increased frequency of fractures, especially in women; however, the underlying mechanism is not clear. In this prospective study, we compared the effects of pioglitazone and metformin on bone metabolism in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods A total of 58 patients with type 2 diabetes (24 men and 34 women) were randomly assigned to receive either pioglitazone (30 and 15 mg/day for men and women, respectively) or metformin (750 mg/day). The changes in serum and urinary type 1 cross-linked N-telopeptide (NTX), type 1 cross-linked C-telopeptide (CTX), bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP), homocysteine, and serum pentosidine were evaluated before and after three months of treatment. The primary endpoint was changes in bone resorption markers after three months. Patients The subjects of this research were male and female type 2 diabetes patients, less than 80 years of age. Results Pioglitazone significantly increased the serum and urinary NTX and serum and urinary CTX levels. The rates of changes in the serum and urinary NTX and CTX were significantly greater in the pioglitazone group than in the metformin group. Although the BAP levels decreased significantly in the pioglitazone group, the rates of change were similar between the two groups. In the pioglitazone group, the changes in fasting insulin levels correlated significantly with increased bone resorption, independent of age and gender. Conclusion The results demonstrated that pioglitazone increased bone resorption independent of age and gender in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Mori
- First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
| | - Yosuke Okada
- First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Tanaka
- First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
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98
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Role of PPARG (Pro12Ala) in Malaysian type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13410-015-0462-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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99
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Saleh R, Zahid ZI, Rahman MA, Jain P, Alam A, Kawaichi M, Reza HM. Prevalence of PPAR-γ2 (rs1801282), RETN (rs3745367) and ADIPOQ (rs2241766) SNP markers in the Bangladeshi type 2 diabetic population. Meta Gene 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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100
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Kadowaki T, Hara K, Yamauchi T, Terauchi Y, Tobe K, Nagai R. Molecular Mechanism of Insulin Resistance and Obesity. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 228:1111-7. [PMID: 14610248 DOI: 10.1177/153537020322801003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and insulin resistance have been recognized as leading causes of major health issues. We have endeavored to depict the molecular mechanism of insulin resistance, focusing on the function of adipocyte. We have investigated a role of PPARgamma on the pathogenesis of Type II diabetes. Heterozygous PPARgamma-deficient mice were protected from the development of insulin resistance due to adipocyte hypertrophy under a high-fat diet. Moreover, a Pro12Ala polymorphism in the human PPARgamma2 gene was associated with decreased risk of Type II diabetes in Japanese. Taken together with these results, PPARgamma is proved to be a thrifty gene mediating Type II diabetes. Pharmacological inhibitors of PPARgamma/RXR ameliorate high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance in animal models of Type II diabetes. We have performed a genome-wide scan of Japanese Type 2 diabetic families using affected sib pair analysis. Our genome scan reveals at least 9 chromosomal regions potentially harbor susceptibility genes of Type II diabetes in Japanese. Among these regions, 3q26-q28 appeared to be very attractive one, because of the gene encoding adiponectin, the expression of which we had found enhanced in insulin-sensitive PPARgamma-deficient mice. Indeed, the subjects with the G/G genotype of SNP276 in the adiponectin gene were at increased risk for Type II diabetes compared with those having the T/T genotype. The plasma adiponectin levels were lower in the subjects with the G allele, suggesting that genetically inherited decrease in adiponectin levels predispose subjects to insulin resistance and Type II diabetes. Our work also confirmed that replenishment of adiponectin represents a novel treatment strategy for insulin resistance and Type II diabetes using animal models. Further investigation will be needed to clarify how adiponectin exerts its effect and to discover the molecular target of therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kadowaki
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
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