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Feng H, Wang JY, Yu B, Cong X, Zhang WG, Li L, Liu LM, Zhou Y, Zhang CL, Gu PL, Wu LL. Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ Coactivator-1α Inhibits Vascular Calcification Through Sirtuin 3-Mediated Reduction of Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 31:75-91. [PMID: 30829051 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2018.7620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Aims: Vascular calcification is associated with cardiovascular death in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) plays an important role in various cardiovascular diseases. However, its role in vascular calcification remains unknown. Results: Adenine-induced rat CKD model was used to induce arterial medial calcification. The level of PGC-1α decreased in abdominal aorta of CKD rats. Overexpression of PGC-1α significantly ameliorated calcium deposition in rat abdominal aorta, isolated carotid rings, and cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) increased in calcifying aorta and VSMCs. Upregulation of PGC-1α inhibited, whereas PGC-1α depletion promoted β-glycerophosphate-induced mtROS production and calcium deposition. Moreover, PGC-1α increased superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) and SOD2 contents in vivo and in vitro, whereas SOD2 deletion eliminated PGC-1α-mediated mtROS change and promoted calcium deposition. Mechanistically, sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) expression declined in calcifying aorta and VSMCs, while PGC-1α overexpression restored SIRT3 expression. Inhibition of SIRT3 by 3-TYP or siRNA (small interfering RNA) reduced PGC-1α-induced upregulation of SOD1 and SOD2, and abolished the protective effect of PGC-1α on calcification of VSMCs. Importantly, PGC-1α was reduced in calcified femoral arteries in CKD patients. In phosphate-induced human umbilical arterial calcification, upregulation of PGC-1α attenuated calcium nodule formation, while this protective effect was abolished by SIRT3 inhibitor. Innovation: We showed for the first time that PGC-1α is an important endogenous regulator against vascular calcification. Induction of PGC-1α could be a potential strategy to treat vascular calcification in CKD patients. Conclusions: PGC-1α protected against vascular calcification by SIRT3-mediated mtROS reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Feng
- 1 Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Yu Wang
- 1 Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Yu
- 2 Division of Constitutive and Regenerative Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Xin Cong
- 1 Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Guang Zhang
- 3 Department of Human Anatomy, Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Li
- 1 Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Mei Liu
- 1 Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Zhou
- 4 Department of Clinical Laboratory, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng-Lin Zhang
- 1 Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, China
| | - Pei-Liang Gu
- 3 Department of Human Anatomy, Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Ling Wu
- 1 Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, China
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Influence of maternal protein malnutrition on oxidative stress and regulators of mitochondrial biogenesis in female rat hearts over succeeding generations. Life Sci 2019; 232:116579. [PMID: 31252001 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS We sought to evaluate the effects of maternal protein restriction (LP) on oxidative balance and transcription factors for mitochondrial biogenesis in the hearts of young female rats of both the first (F1) and second (F2) generation. MAIN METHODS We evaluated oxidative stress biomarkers (lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation), enzymatic antioxidant defense (activity of superoxide dismutase-SOD, catalase, and glutathione-S-transferase-GST), nonenzymatic antioxidant defense (reduced glutathione-GSH and sulfhydryl groups) and gene expression of AMPK, PGC-1α and TFAM. KEY FINDINGS Interestingly, lipid peroxidation was decreased (49%, p < 0.001) in the LP-F1 group and 59% (p < 0.001) in LP-F2. In enzymatic defense, we observed increases in SOD activity in the LP-F1 group (79%, p = 0.036) and in CAT activity (approximately 40%, p = 0.041). GSH was increased in F2 in both groups (LP 546%, p < 0.0001 and in NP 491.7%, p < 0.0001). With respect to mitochondrial biogenesis gene transcription, we observed a decrease in AMPK (60%, p < 0. 0001) and an increase in PGC-1α (340%, p < 0.001) in LP compared to NP in the F1 generation. TFAM was decreased in LP-F2L compared to NP-F2L (42%, p = 0.0069) and increased in LP-F2 compared to LP-F1 (160%, p = 0.0037). SIGNIFICANCE Our study contributes to knowledge of inheritance, showing that despite the potential mitochondrial 'inheritance' of cardiovascular damage caused by maternal malnutrition, that damage is not cross-generational and can be eliminated with proper nutrition in the F1 generation.
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Yang W, Yan H, Pan Q, Shen JZ, Zhou F, Wu C, Sun Y, Guo S. Glucagon regulates hepatic mitochondrial function and biogenesis through FOXO1. J Endocrinol 2019; 241:265-278. [PMID: 31026811 PMCID: PMC9675317 DOI: 10.1530/joe-19-0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Glucagon promotes hepatic glucose production maintaining glucose homeostasis in the fasting state. Glucagon maintains at high level in both diabetic animals and human, contributing to hyperglycemia. Mitochondria, a major place for glucose oxidation, are dysfunctional in diabetic condition. However, whether hepatic mitochondrial function can be affected by glucagon remains unknown. Recently, we reported that FOXO1 is an important mediator in glucagon signaling in control of glucose homeostasis. In this study, we further assessed the role of FOXO1 in the action of glucagon in the regulation of hepatic mitochondrial function. We found that glucagon decreased the heme production in a FOXO1-dependent manner, suppressed heme-dependent complex III (UQCRC1) and complex IV (MT-CO1) and inhibited hepatic mitochondrial function. However, the suppression of mitochondrial function by glucagon was largely rescued by deleting the Foxo1 gene in hepatocytes. Glucagon tends to reduce hepatic mitochondrial biogenesis by attenuating the expression of NRF1, TFAM and MFN2, which is mediated by FOXO1. In db/db mice, we found that hepatic mitochondrial function was suppressed and expression levels of UQCRC1, MT-CO1, NRF1 and TFAM were downregulated in the liver. These findings suggest that hepatic mitochondrial function can be impaired when hyperglucagonemia occurs in the patients with diabetes mellitus, resulting in organ failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanbao Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Hui Yan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Quan Pan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - James Zheng Shen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Fenghua Zhou
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Chaodong Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Yuxiang Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Shaodong Guo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: Shaodong Guo: Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843; ; Tel: 979-845-0850; Fax: 979-862-6842
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Cao J, Wang X, Wang D, Ma R, Li X, Feng H, Wang J, Liu S, Wang L. PGC-1β cooperating with FOXA2 inhibits proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:93. [PMID: 31007610 PMCID: PMC6458718 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-0810-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancy among females from the worldwide cancer incidence statistics. Peroxisome gamma coactivator-1β (PGC-1β) has long been identified to be involved in this type of tumorigenesis. However, the mechanisms of PGC-1β in human breast cancer have not been fully understood and the function requires to be further elucidated. Methods mRNA and protein expression of PGC-1β and FOXA2 in breast cancer tissues and cell lines were determined by qRT-PCR and Western Blotting, respectively. To further visualize the expression and localization of PGC-1β and FOXA2, immunochemistry and immunofluorescence staining methods were employed. The effect of PGC-1β and FOXA2 on cell proliferation and migration were evaluated by CCK8, clone formation, transwell and wound-healing assays, which has been done either with stable PGC-1β knockdown or FOXA2 overexpression in vitro. Xenografts model of nude mice were used to evaluate tumor growth in vivo. In addition, proteins expression of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway involved in the regulation of breast cancer were detected by Western Blotting. Results Our results showed that PGC-1β was upregulated and FOXA2 was downregulated in breast cancer tissues and cell lines. These two proteins can be interacted with each other to form the complex. Also, we found the combination of PGC-1β interference with FOXA2 overexpression significantly inhibited cell proliferation and migration in vitro as well as tumor growth in vivo. We further identified that PGC-1β and FOXA2 strongly correlated with the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway, and they exerted their biological functions by activating this pathway. Conclusions We demonstrated that downregulation of PGC-1β combined with overexpression of FOXA2 obviously inhibited the function of breast cancer cells through regulating the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Cao
- 1School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004 China.,2Beijing National Biochip Research Center Sub-Center in Ningxia, The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004 China
| | - Xi Wang
- 1School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004 China.,2Beijing National Biochip Research Center Sub-Center in Ningxia, The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004 China
| | - Danni Wang
- 1School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004 China.,2Beijing National Biochip Research Center Sub-Center in Ningxia, The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004 China
| | - Rong Ma
- 2Beijing National Biochip Research Center Sub-Center in Ningxia, The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004 China
| | - Xiaohan Li
- 1School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004 China.,2Beijing National Biochip Research Center Sub-Center in Ningxia, The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004 China
| | - Huimin Feng
- 1School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004 China.,2Beijing National Biochip Research Center Sub-Center in Ningxia, The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004 China
| | - Jia Wang
- 2Beijing National Biochip Research Center Sub-Center in Ningxia, The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004 China
| | - Shihai Liu
- 3Medical Animal Lab, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003 China
| | - Libin Wang
- 1School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004 China.,2Beijing National Biochip Research Center Sub-Center in Ningxia, The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004 China
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Zhao H, Lin C, Hu K, Wen X, Yuan H. Discovery of novel estrogen-related receptor α inverse agonists by virtual screening and biological evaluation. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2019; 37:1641-1648. [PMID: 29633916 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2018.1462736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhao
- a Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines , China Pharmaceutical University , 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009 , China
| | - Chao Lin
- a Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines , China Pharmaceutical University , 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009 , China
| | - Kaiwen Hu
- a Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines , China Pharmaceutical University , 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009 , China
| | - Xiaoan Wen
- a Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines , China Pharmaceutical University , 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009 , China
| | - Haoliang Yuan
- a Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines , China Pharmaceutical University , 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009 , China
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56
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Liver kinase B1 induces browning phenotype in 3 T3-L1 adipocytes. Gene 2019; 682:33-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Jóźków P, Koźlenia D, Zawadzka K, Konefał M, Chmura P, Młynarska K, Kosowski M, Mędraś M, Chmura J, Ponikowski P, Daroszewski J. Effects of running a marathon on irisin concentration in men aged over 50. J Physiol Sci 2019; 69:79-84. [PMID: 29761269 PMCID: PMC10717558 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-018-0619-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Our aim was to verify whether running a marathon is associated with changes in irisin concentration in healthy, endurance-trained men. In an observational study, we assessed baseline biochemical and fitness parameters of 28 middle-aged runners (mean ± SD age, BMI, VO2max: 58 ± 8 years; 24.5 ± 3 kg/m2; 51.1 ± 1.7 ml/kg/min). We evaluated irisin before, immediately after, and 7 days after the marathon. Irisin concentration decreased from a baseline value of 639 ± 427 to 461 ± 255 ng/ml immediately after the marathon (p < 0.05). After 7 days, it was still significantly lower than before the race, at 432 ± 146 ng/ml (p < 0.05). We found no correlations between irisin concentration and the training history of the studied subjects. We conclude that a long-distance run may have a negative impact on irisin release in men. This effect was not correlated with the training history of runners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Jóźków
- Department of Sports Medicine and Dietetics, Wroclaw University of Physical Education, Ul. I.J. Paderewskiego 35, 51-612, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Dawid Koźlenia
- Department of Sports Medicine and Dietetics, Wroclaw University of Physical Education, Ul. I.J. Paderewskiego 35, 51-612, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Zawadzka
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Isotope Therapy, Wroclaw Medical University, L. Pasteur 4, 50-367, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marek Konefał
- Department of Team Sport Games, Wroclaw University of Physical Education, I.J. Paderewskiego 35, 51-612, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Paweł Chmura
- Department of Team Sport Games, Wroclaw University of Physical Education, I.J. Paderewskiego 35, 51-612, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Młynarska
- Department of Heart Diseases, Medical University, Wroclaw, L. Pasteur 4, 50-367, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Michał Kosowski
- Department of Heart Diseases, Medical University, Wroclaw, L. Pasteur 4, 50-367, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marek Mędraś
- Department of Sports Medicine and Dietetics, Wroclaw University of Physical Education, Ul. I.J. Paderewskiego 35, 51-612, Wrocław, Poland
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Isotope Therapy, Wroclaw Medical University, L. Pasteur 4, 50-367, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jan Chmura
- Department of Team Sport Games, Wroclaw University of Physical Education, I.J. Paderewskiego 35, 51-612, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Piotr Ponikowski
- Department of Heart Diseases, Medical University, Wroclaw, L. Pasteur 4, 50-367, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jacek Daroszewski
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Isotope Therapy, Wroclaw Medical University, L. Pasteur 4, 50-367, Wrocław, Poland
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Supruniuk E, Mikłosz A, Chabowski A, Łukaszuk B. Dose- and time-dependent alterations in lipid metabolism after pharmacological PGC-1α activation in L6 myotubes. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:11923-11941. [PMID: 30523639 PMCID: PMC6587770 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) acts as a powerful modulator of PGC‐1α activation and therefore regulates multiple pathways involved in cellular energy homeostasis. In the present study, we assessed the effects of L6 myotubes incubation with 0.5, 1, and 3 μM PQQ solution for 2 and 24 hr with respect to the cells' lipid metabolism. We demonstrated that PQQ significantly elevates PGC‐1α content in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner with the highest efficiency for 0.5 and 1 µM. The level of free fatty acids was diminished (24 hr: −66%), while an increase in triacylglycerol (TAG) amount was most pronounced after 0.5 μM (2 hr: +93%, 24 hr: +139%) treatment. Ceramide (CER) content was elevated after 2 hr incubation with 0.5 µM and after prolonged exposure to all PQQ concentrations. The cells treated with PQQ for 2 hr exhibited decreased sphinganine (SFA) and sphinganine‐1‐phosphate (SFA1P) level, while 24 hr incubation resulted in an elevated sphingosine (SFO) amount. In summary, PGC‐1α activation promotes TAG and CER synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Supruniuk
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Mikłosz
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Adrian Chabowski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Łukaszuk
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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Stachowiak M, Szczerbal I, Flisikowski K. Investigation of allele-specific expression of genes involved in adipogenesis and lipid metabolism suggests complex regulatory mechanisms of PPARGC1A expression in porcine fat tissues. BMC Genet 2018; 19:107. [PMID: 30497374 PMCID: PMC6267897 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-018-0696-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The expression of genes involved in regulating adipogenesis and lipid metabolism may affect economically important fatness traits in pigs. Allele-specific expression (ASE) reflects imbalance between allelic transcript levels and can be used to identify underlying cis-regulatory elements. ASE has not yet been intensively studied in pigs. The aim of this investigation was to analyze the differential allelic expression of four genes, PPARA, PPARG, SREBF1, and PPARGC1A, which are involved in the regulation of fat deposition in porcine subcutaneous and visceral fat and longissimus dorsi muscle. Results Quantification of allelic proportions by pyrosequencing revealed that both alleles of PPARG and SREBF1 are expressed at similar levels. PPARGC1A showed the greatest ASE imbalance in fat deposits in Polish Large White (PLW), Polish Landrace and Pietrain pigs; and PPARA in PLW pigs. Significant deviations of mean PPARGC1A allelic transcript ratio between cDNA and genomic DNA were detected in all tissues, with the most pronounced difference (p < 0.001) in visceral fat of PLW pigs. To search for potential cis-regulatory elements affecting ASE in the PPARGC1A gene we analyzed the effects of four SNPs (rs337351686, rs340650517, rs336405906 and rs345224049) in the promoter region, but none were associated with ASE in the breeds studied. DNA methylation analysis revealed significant CpG methylation differences between samples showing balanced (allelic transcript ratio ≈1) and imbalanced allelic expression for CpG site at the genomic position in chromosome 8 (SSC8): 18527678 in visceral fat (p = 0.017) and two CpG sites (SSC8:18525215, p = 0.030; SSC8:18525237, p = 0.031) in subcutaneous fat. Conclusions Our analysis of differential allelic expression suggests that PPARGC1A is subjected to cis-regulation in porcine fat tissues. Further studies are necessary to identify other regulatory elements localized outside the PPARGC1A proximal promoter region. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12863-018-0696-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Stachowiak
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wolynska 33, 60-637, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Izabela Szczerbal
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wolynska 33, 60-637, Poznan, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Flisikowski
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, Technical University of Munich, Liesel-Beckmannstr. 1, 85354, Freising, Germany
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Fujita H, Aratani S, Yagishita N, Nishioka K, Nakajima T. Identification of the inhibitory activity of walnut extract on the E3 ligase Syvn1. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:5701-5708. [PMID: 30365055 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Synoviolin (Syvn1), an E3 ubiquitin ligase in endoplasmic reticulum‑associated protein degradation, is involved in rheumatoid arthritis, fibrosis, liver cirrhosis and obesity. We previously demonstrated that Syvn1 negatively regulates the function of peroxisome proliferator‑activated receptor gamma coactivator‑1β (PGC‑1β). In addition, treatment with a Syvn1 inhibitor suppressed weight gain in a mouse model of obesity by activating PGC‑1β via Syvn1 inhibition. It has been suggested that the Syvn1 inhibitors may have therapeutic benefits in obese patients. The present study tested the inhibitory activity of walnut extract, a natural product, on Syvn1 activity. Walnut extract inhibited the effect of Syvn1 on the cell proliferation of rheumatoid synovial cells and repressed the interaction between PGC‑1β and Syvn1 in an in vitro binding assay. Polyubiquitination of PGC‑1β by Syvn1 was suppressed by walnut extract in a concentration‑dependent manner, but walnut extract did not have an inhibitory effect on the autoubiquitination of Syvn1. Treatment with walnut extract in mouse embryonic fibroblasts increased the number of mitochondria, suggesting that exposure to the extract recovered PGC‑1β function. These results demonstrated that constituents of walnut extract may serve as lead compounds in drug development efforts aiming to produce drugs to treat patients with obesity and obesity‑associated metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetoshi Fujita
- Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160‑8402, Japan
| | - Satoko Aratani
- Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160‑8402, Japan
| | - Naoko Yagishita
- Institute of Medical Science, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 216‑8511, Japan
| | - Kusuki Nishioka
- Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160‑8402, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Nakajima
- Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160‑8402, Japan
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Di Cristo F, Finicelli M, Digilio FA, Paladino S, Valentino A, Scialò F, D'Apolito M, Saturnino C, Galderisi U, Giordano A, Melone MAB, Peluso G. Meldonium improves Huntington's disease mitochondrial dysfunction by restoring peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α expression. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:9233-9246. [PMID: 30362565 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction seems to play a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration in Huntington's disease (HD). We assessed possible neuroprotective actions of meldonium, a small molecule affecting mitochondrial fuel metabolism, in in vitro and in vivo HD models. We found that meldonium was able to prevent cytotoxicity induced by serum deprivation, to reduce the accumulation of mutated huntingtin (mHtt) aggregates, and to upregulate the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) in mHTT-expressing cells. The PGC-1α increase was accompanied by the increment of mitochondrial mass and by the rebalancing of mitochondrial dynamics with a promotion of the mitochondrial fusion. Meldonium-induced PGC-1α significantly alleviated motor dysfunction and prolonged the survival of a transgenic HD Drosophila model in which mHtt expression in the nervous system led to progressive motor performance deficits. Our study strongly suggests that PGC-1α, as a master coregulator of mitochondrial biogenesis, energy homeostasis, and antioxidant defense, is a potential therapeutic target in HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Di Cristo
- Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurological, Metabolic Sciences, and Aging, 2nd Division of Neurology, Center for Rare Diseases and InterUniversity Center for Research in Neurosciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Mauro Finicelli
- Institute of Bioscience and BioResources (IBBR), National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Filomena Anna Digilio
- Institute of Bioscience and BioResources (IBBR), National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Simona Paladino
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Valentino
- Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurological, Metabolic Sciences, and Aging, 2nd Division of Neurology, Center for Rare Diseases and InterUniversity Center for Research in Neurosciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Filippo Scialò
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Bioscience, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, University of Newcastle, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Maria D'Apolito
- Institute of Bioscience and BioResources (IBBR), National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | | | - Umberto Galderisi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Section, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy.,Department of Biology, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Department of Biology, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Mariarosa Anna Beatrice Melone
- Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurological, Metabolic Sciences, and Aging, 2nd Division of Neurology, Center for Rare Diseases and InterUniversity Center for Research in Neurosciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy.,Department of Biology, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Gianfranco Peluso
- Institute of Agro-environmental and Forest Biology (IBAF), National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
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Zhang C, Deng J, Liu D, Tuo X, Xiao L, Lai B, Yao Q, Liu J, Yang H, Wang N. Nuciferine ameliorates hepatic steatosis in high-fat diet/streptozocin-induced diabetic mice through a PPARα/PPARγ coactivator-1α pathway. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 175:4218-4228. [PMID: 30129056 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Nuciferine, an alkaloid found in Nelumbo nucifera leaves, alleviates dyslipidemia in vivo. However, whether it improves liver injury in diabetic conditions and the underlying mechanism is unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of nuciferine on lipid and glucose metabolism in a murine model of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and to determine the underlying mechanisms of these effects. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH A murine model of T2DM was induced by high-fat diet (HFD) feeding combined with streptozocin (STZ) injections, and the diabetic mice were treated with nuciferine in their food. The underlying mechanism of the anti-steatotic effect of nuciferine was further explored in HepG2 hepatocytes cultured with palmitic acid. Major signalling profiles involved in fatty acid oxidation were then evaluated, using Western blot, RT-qPCR and si-RNA techniques, along with immunohistochemistry. KEY RESULTS Nuciferine restored impaired glucose tolerance and insulin resistance in diabetic mice. Hepatic levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL were decreased, as were the number of lipid droplets, by nuciferine treatment. Furthermore, nuciferine up-regulated β-oxidation related genes in livers of diabetic mice. Luciferase reporter cell assay showed that nuciferine directly reversed palmitic acid-induced inhibition of PPARα transcriptional activity. Silencing PPARγ coactivator-1α (PGC1α) expression in HepG2 cells abolished the effects of nuciferine in accelerating β-oxidation. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Nuciferine improved lipid profile and attenuated hepatic steatosis in HFD/STZ-induced diabetic mice by activating the PPARα/PGC1α pathway. Nuciferine may be a potentially important candidate in improving hepatic steatosis and the management of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, College of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jianjun Deng
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, College of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xingxia Tuo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, College of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lei Xiao
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Baochang Lai
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qinyu Yao
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Haixia Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, College of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Nanping Wang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,The Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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63
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Pesta M, Cedikova M, Dvorak P, Dvorakova J, Kulda V, Srbecka K, Muller L, Bouchalova V, Kralickova M, Babuska V, Kuncova J, Mullerova D. Trends in gene expression changes during adipogenesis in human adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells under dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene exposure. Mol Cell Toxicol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-018-0041-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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64
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Porskjær Christensen L, Bahij El-Houri R. Development of an In Vitro Screening Platform for the Identification of Partial PPARγ Agonists as a Source for Antidiabetic Lead Compounds. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23102431. [PMID: 30248999 PMCID: PMC6222920 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a metabolic disorder where insulin-sensitive tissues show reduced sensitivity towards insulin and a decreased glucose uptake (GU), which leads to hyperglycaemia. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ plays an important role in lipid and glucose homeostasis and is one of the targets in the discovery of drugs against T2D. Activation of PPARγ by agonists leads to a conformational change in the ligand-binding domain, a process that alters the transcription of several target genes involved in glucose and lipid metabolism. Depending on the ligands, they can induce different sets of genes that depends of their recruitment of coactivators. The activation of PPARγ by full agonists such as the thiazolidinediones leads to improved insulin sensitivity but also to severe side effects probably due to their behavior as full agonists. Partial PPARγ agonists are compounds with diminished agonist efficacy compared to full agonist that may exhibit the same antidiabetic effect as full agonists without inducing the same magnitude of side effects. In this review, we describe a screening platform for the identification of partial PPARγ agonists from plant extracts that could be promising lead compounds for the development of antidiabetic drugs. The screening platform includes a series of in vitro bioassays, such as GU in adipocytes, PPARγ-mediated transactivation, adipocyte differentiation and gene expression as well as in silico docking for partial PPARγ agonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Porskjær Christensen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg Ø, Denmark.
| | - Rime Bahij El-Houri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Technology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark.
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65
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Koshiguchi M, Hirai S, Egashira Y. PGC1α regulates ACMSD expression through cooperation with HNF4α. Amino Acids 2018; 50:1769-1773. [PMID: 30232574 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-018-2652-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
ACMSD is a tryptophan metabolic key enzyme. HNF4α regulates the transcription of some energy-metabolic enzymes by cooperating with PGC1α, a major transcriptional co-regulator involved in energy metabolism. In this study, we investigated the involvement of PGC1α in Acmsd expression through cooperation with HNF4α. Luciferase reporter assay was performed in NIH3T3 cells using a reporter vector containing HNF4α responsive elements in the Acmsd 5' upstream transcriptional regulatory region together with HNF4α and/or PGC1α expression vectors. The Acmsd luciferase reporter activity was greatly elevated by co-overexpression of HNF4α and PGC1α in NIH3T3 cells. Moreover, the expression level of Acmsd mRNA was significantly increased by co-overexpression of HNF4α and PGC1α in primary hepatocytes compared with expression of either HNF4α or PGC1α alone. These results indicate that PGC1α is involved in Acmsd expression through cooperation with HNF4α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manami Koshiguchi
- Laboratory of Food and Nutrition, Division of Applied Biochemistry, Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, 648 Matsudo, Matsudo, Chiba, 271-8510, Japan
| | - Shizuka Hirai
- Laboratory of Food and Nutrition, Division of Applied Biochemistry, Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, 648 Matsudo, Matsudo, Chiba, 271-8510, Japan
| | - Yukari Egashira
- Laboratory of Food and Nutrition, Division of Applied Biochemistry, Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, 648 Matsudo, Matsudo, Chiba, 271-8510, Japan.
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66
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Pas Kinase Deficiency Triggers Antioxidant Mechanisms in the Liver. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13810. [PMID: 30217996 PMCID: PMC6138710 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32192-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction in the liver is the cause of numerous pathologies, which are associated with an altered redox state. PASK (PAS Domain Kinase) is a nutrient and bioenergetic sensor. We contend that PASK could act as an oxidative stress sensor in liver and/or control the metabolic balance, playing a role in the mitochondrial homeostasis. Using PASK-deficient mice, we observed that PASK deficiency promotes antioxidant response mechanisms: a lower production of ROS/RNS under non-fasting conditions, overexpression of genes coding to ROS-detoxifying enzymes and mitochondrial fusion proteins (MnSod Gpx, Mfn1 and Opa1), coactivator Ppargc1a, transcription factors (Pparg and FoxO3a) and deacetylase Sirt1. Also, under fasting conditions, PASK deficiency induced the overexpression of Ppargc1a, Ppara, Pparg, FoxO3a and Nrf2 leading to the overexpression of genes coding to antioxidant enzymes such as MnSOD, Cu/ZnSOD, GPx, HO1 and GCLm. Additionally, inducing PINK1 involved in cell survival and mitophagy. These changes kept ROS steady levels and improved the regenerative state. We suggest a new role for PASK as a controller of oxidative stress and mitochondrial dynamics in the liver. In fact, antioxidant response is PASK dependent. PASK-targeting could therefore be a good way of reducing the oxidative stress in order to prevent or treat liver diseases.
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67
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Qin SG, Tian HY, Wei J, Han ZH, Zhang MJ, Hao GH, Liu X, Pan LF. 3-Bromo-4,5-Dihydroxybenzaldehyde Protects Against Myocardial Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury Through the Akt-PGC1α-Sirt3 Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:722. [PMID: 30042676 PMCID: PMC6048356 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural marine products are useful candidates for the treatment of oxidative and inflammatory diseases, including myocardial ischemia. 3-bromo-4,5 - dihydroxybenzaldehyde (BDB), a natural bromophenol isolated from marine red algae, has been shown to display anti-microbial, anti-oxidative, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and free radical scavenging activities. In this study, the potential protective effects of BDB against myocardial ischemia and reperfusion (IR) injury was investigated in an in vitro model mimicked by oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) in cardiomyocytes and in an in vivo model induced by coronary artery ligation in rats. The results showed that BDB attenuated the OGD-induced cytotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner, with no toxic effect when treated alone. BDB significantly decreased apoptosis and the cleavage of caspase-3 after OGD. We found that OGD-induced oxidative stress, as evidenced by increases of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation, as well as mitochondrial dysfunction, as measured by mitochondrial reporter gene, cytochrome c release and ATP synthesis, were markedly attenuated by BDB treatment. In addition, BDB increased the enzymatic activities of mitochondrial antioxidant enzymes, including IDH2, GSH-Px and SOD2. Western blot analysis showed that BDB increased Akt phosphorylation and upregulated the expression of Sirt3 and PGC1α after OGD. Furthermore, BDB-induced protection in cardiomyocytes was partially reversed by the Akt inhibitor and downregulation of PGC1α. BDB also attenuated myocardial contractile dysfunction and activated the Akt-PGC1α-Sirt3 pathway in vivo. All these data suggest that BDB protects against myocardial IR injury through activating the Akt-PGC1α-Sirt3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Guang Qin
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hong-Yan Tian
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jin Wei
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhen-Hua Han
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ming-Juan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Guang-Hua Hao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Long-Fei Pan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Zeitz JO, Weber A, Most E, Windisch W, Bolduan C, Geyer J, Romberg FJ, Koch C, Eder K. Effects of supplementing rumen-protected niacin on fiber composition and metabolism of skeletal muscle in dairy cows during early lactation. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:8004-8020. [PMID: 29960772 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-14490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Nicotinic acid (NA) has been shown to induce muscle fiber switching toward oxidative type I fibers and a muscle metabolic phenotype that favors fatty acid (FA) utilization in growing rats, pigs, and lambs. The hypothesis of the present study was that supplementation of NA in cows during the periparturient phase also induces muscle fiber switching from type II to type I fibers in skeletal muscle and increases the capacity of the muscle to use free FA, which may help to reduce nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) flow to the liver, liver triglyceride (TG) accumulation, and ketogenesis. Thirty multiparous Holstein dairy cows were allocated to 2 groups and fed a total mixed ration without (control group) or with ∼55 g of rumen-protected NA per cow per day (NA group) from 21 d before expected calving until 3 wk postpartum (p.p.). Blood samples were collected on d -21, -14, -7, 7, 14, 21, 35, and 63 relative to parturition for analysis of TG, NEFA, and β-hydroxybutyrate. Muscle and liver biopsies were collected on d 7 and 21 for gene expression analysis and to determine muscle fiber composition in the musculus semitendinosus, semimembranosus, and longissimus lumborum by immunohistochemistry, and liver TG concentrations. Supplementation of NA did not affect the proportions of type I (oxidative) or the type II:type I ratio in the 3 muscles considered. A slight shift from glycolytic IIx fibers toward oxidative-glycolytic fast-twitch IIa fibers was found in the semitendinosus, and a tendency in the longissimus lumborum, but not in the semimembranosus. The transcript levels of the genes encoding the muscle fiber type isoforms and involved in FA uptake and oxidation, carnitine transport, tricarboxylic acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, and glucose utilization were largely unaffected by NA supplementation in all 3 muscles. Supplementation of NA had no effect on plasma TG and NEFA concentrations, liver TG concentrations, and hepatic expression of genes involved in hepatic FA utilization and lipogenesis. However, it reduced plasma β-hydroxybutyrate concentrations in wk 2 and 3 p.p. by 18 and 26% and reduced hepatic gene expression of fibroblast growth factor 21, a stress hormone involved in the regulation of ketogenesis, by 74 and 56%. In conclusion, a high dosage of rumen-protected NA reduced plasma β-hydroxybutyrate concentrations in cows during early lactation, but failed to cause an alteration in muscle fiber composition and muscle metabolic phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- J O Zeitz
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Physiology, University of Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32 (IFZ), 35392 Giessen, Germany.
| | - A Weber
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Physiology, University of Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32 (IFZ), 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - E Most
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Physiology, University of Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32 (IFZ), 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - W Windisch
- Chair of Animal Nutrition, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Strasse 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - C Bolduan
- Chair of Animal Nutrition, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Strasse 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - J Geyer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Giessen, Schubertstraße 81 (BFS), 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - F-J Romberg
- Educational and Research Centre for Animal Husbandry, Hofgut Neumuehle, 67728 Muenchweiler an der Alsenz, Germany
| | - C Koch
- Educational and Research Centre for Animal Husbandry, Hofgut Neumuehle, 67728 Muenchweiler an der Alsenz, Germany
| | - K Eder
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Physiology, University of Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32 (IFZ), 35392 Giessen, Germany
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Im YK, Najyb O, Gravel SP, McGuirk S, Ahn R, Avizonis DZ, Chénard V, Sabourin V, Hudson J, Pawson T, Topisirovic I, Pollak M, St-Pierre J, Ursini-Siegel J. Interplay between ShcA Signaling and PGC-1α Triggers Targetable Metabolic Vulnerabilities in Breast Cancer. Cancer Res 2018; 78:4826-4838. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-3696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Zamaninour N, Mirzaei K, Maghbooli Z, Keshavarz SA. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1α variation: a closer look at obesity onset age and its related metabolic status and body composition. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2018; 43:1321-1325. [PMID: 29879371 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2018-0190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
There is a lack of knowledge regarding the effect of polymorphisms of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) gene on the age of obesity onset. Hence, 3 polymorphisms of the PGC-1α gene (PGC-1α rs17574213, rs8192678, and rs3755863) were examined in association with obesity onset age. Also, obesity onset age-related metabolic status and body composition were evaluated. This cross-sectional study was conducted with a total of 321 obese participants. Anthropometric and biochemical information, body composition, and PGC-1α gene sequences were analyzed. The rs17574213 polymorphism was associated with obesity onset in children aged <1 years and 10-18 years. The rs8192678 polymorphism was associated with obesity onset in adulthood. Body mass index, body fat percent, and trunk fat were higher in groups whose obesity began at age <1 year or 10-18 years than in other groups. Serum levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and total cholesterol were lowest in the group with obesity onset between the ages of 10 and 18 years. Visceral fat and fasting blood glucose were highest in those whose obesity began in adulthood. In conclusion, 2 polymorphisms of the PGC-1α gene were associated with obesity onset age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negar Zamaninour
- a Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Mirzaei
- b Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zhila Maghbooli
- c Osteoporosis Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Keshavarz
- d Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Miranda D, Jara C, Mejias S, Ahumada V, Cortez-San Martin M, Ibañez J, Hirsch S, Montoya M. Deficient mitochondrial biogenesis in IL-2 activated NK cells correlates with impaired PGC1-α upregulation in elderly humans. Exp Gerontol 2018; 110:73-78. [PMID: 29782967 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2018.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Immunosenescence has been described as age-associated changes in the immune function which are thought to be responsible for the increased morbidity with age. Human Natural Killer (NK) cells are a specialized heterogeneous subpopulation of lymphocytes involved in immune defense against tumor and microbial diseases. Interestingly, aging-related NK cell dysfunction is associated with features of aging such as tumor incidence, reduced vaccination efficacy, and short survival due to infection. It is known that NK cell effector functions are critically dependent on cytokines and metabolic activity. Our aim was to determine whether there is a difference in purified human NK cell function in response to high concentration of IL-2 between young and elder donors. Here, we report that the stimulation of human NK cells with IL-2 (2000 U/mL) enhance NK cell cytotoxic activity from both young and elderly donors. However, while NK cells from young people responded to IL-2 signaling by increasing mitochondrial mass and mitochondrial membrane potential, no increase in these mitochondrial functional parameters was seen in purified NK cells from elderly subjects. Moreover, as purified NK cells from the young exhibited an almost three-fold increase in PGC-1α expression after IL-2 (2000 U/mL) stimulation, PGC-1α expression was inhibited in purified NK cells from elders. Furthermore, this response upon PGC-1α expression after IL-2 stimulation promoted an increase in ROS production in NK cells from elderly humans, while no increase in ROS production was observed in NK cells of young donors. Our data show that IL-2 stimulates NK cell effector function through a signaling pathway which involves a PGC-1α-dependent mitochondrial function in young NK cells, however it seems that NK cells from older donors exhibit an altered IL-2 signaling which affects mitochondrial function associated with an increased production of ROS which could represent a feature of NK cell senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dante Miranda
- Immunobiochemistry Laboratory, Departmento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Química y Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Sergio Livingstone 1007, Independencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia Jara
- Cellular Biochemistry Laboratory, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Alameda 3363, Correo 40, Casilla 33, 9170022 Santiago, Chile
| | - Sophia Mejias
- Cellular Biochemistry Laboratory, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Alameda 3363, Correo 40, Casilla 33, 9170022 Santiago, Chile
| | - Viviana Ahumada
- Cellular Biochemistry Laboratory, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Alameda 3363, Correo 40, Casilla 33, 9170022 Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcelo Cortez-San Martin
- Molecular Virology and Pathogen Control Laboratory, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Alameda 3363, Correo 40, Casilla 33, 9170022 Santiago, Chile
| | - Jorge Ibañez
- Cellular Biochemistry Laboratory, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Alameda 3363, Correo 40, Casilla 33, 9170022 Santiago, Chile
| | - Sandra Hirsch
- Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, El Líbano 5524, PO Box 138-11, Santiago, Chile
| | - Margarita Montoya
- Cellular Biochemistry Laboratory, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Alameda 3363, Correo 40, Casilla 33, 9170022 Santiago, Chile.
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Altered expression of PGC-1α and PDX1 and their methylation status are associated with fetal glucose metabolism in gestational diabetes mellitus. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 501:300-306. [PMID: 29730292 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effect of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on the expression and methylation of PGC-1α and PDX1 in placenta and their effects on fetal glucose metabolism. METHODS 20 cases of full-term placenta without pregnancy complications and umbilical cord abnormalities and 20 cases of GDM group were collected. DNA and RNA were isolated from samples of tissue collected from the fetal side of the placenta immediately after delivery. DNA methylation was quantified at 7 CpG sites within the PGC-1α and PDX1 genes using PCR amplification of bisulfite treated DNA and subsequent DNA sequencing. PGC-1α and PDX1 mRNA levels were measured by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Meanwhile, the placental insulin, blood glucose and HbA1c levels were determined. RESULTS The fetus birth weight and placental weight in GDM group were significantly higher than those in control group (P < 0.05). Insulin, HbA1c and blood glucose levels in GDM group were significantly higher than those in control group (P < 0.01). Insulin content was positively correlated with newborn birth weight and placental weight while HbA1c and blood glucose were positively correlated with insulin concentration (r = 0.92, P < 0.01, r = 0.85, P < 0.01). The levels of PGC-1α and PDX1 mRNA were lower in the GDM group compared to the control group. The methylation level of PGC-1α gene was higher in the GDM group compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Blood glucose was negatively correlated with the expression of PGC-1α and PDX1 mRNA in the placenta (r = -0.42, P < 0.01, r = -0.49, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION The changes of epigenetic modification of PGC-1α gene in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus may be a mechanism of abnormal glucose metabolism in offspring.
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Shen J, Zhu B. Integrated analysis of the gene expression profile and DNA methylation profile of obese patients with type 2 diabetes. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:7636-7644. [PMID: 29620215 PMCID: PMC5983955 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to better understand the etiology of obese type 2 diabetes (T2D) at the molecular level, the present study investigated the gene expression and DNA methylation profiles associated with T2D via systemic analysis. Gene expression (GSE64998) and DNA methylation profiles (GSE65057) from liver tissues of healthy controls and obese patients with T2D were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Differentially-expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially-methylated genes (DMGs) were identified using the Limma package, and their overlapping genes were additionally determined. Enrichment analysis was performed using the BioCloud platform on the DEGs and the overlapping genes. Using Cytoscape software, protein-protein interaction (PPI), transcription factor target networks and microRNA (miRNA) target networks were then constructed in order to determine associated hub genes. In addition, a further GSE15653 dataset was utilized in order to validate the DEGs identified in the GSE64998 dataset analyses. A total of 251 DEGs, including 124 upregulated and 127 downregulated genes, were detected, and a total of 9,698 genes were demonstrated to be differentially methylated in obese patients with T2D compared with non-obese healthy controls. A total of 103 overlapping genes between the two datasets were revealed, including 47 upregulated genes and 56 downregulated genes. The identified overlapping genes were revealed to be strongly associated with fatty acid and glucose metabolic pathways, in addition to oxidation/reduction. The overlapping genes cyclin D1 (CCND1), PPARG coactivator α (PPARGC1A), fatty acid synthase (FASN), glucokinase (GCK), steraroyl-coA desaturase (SCD) and tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT) had higher degrees in the PPI, transcription target networks and miRNA target networks. In addition, among the 251 DEGs, a total of 35 DEGs were validated to be being shared genes between the datasets, which included a number of key genes in the PPI network, including CCND1, FASN and TAT. Abnormal gene expression and DNA methylation patterns that were implicated in fatty acid and glucose metabolic pathways and oxidation/reduction reactions were detected in obese patients with T2D. Furthermore, the CCND1, PPARGC1A, FANS, GCK, SCD and TAT genes may serve a role in the development of obesity-associated T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Shen
- Nursing Department, Suzhou Vocational Health College, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, P.R. China
| | - Bin Zhu
- Anesthesiology Department, The People's Liberation Army 100 Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, P.R. China
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74
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Zhang P, Kuang H, He Y, Idiga SO, Li S, Chen Z, Yang Z, Cai X, Zhang K, Potthoff MJ, Xu Y, Lin JD. NRG1-Fc improves metabolic health via dual hepatic and central action. JCI Insight 2018. [PMID: 29515030 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.98522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuregulins (NRGs) are emerging as an important family of signaling ligands that regulate glucose and lipid homeostasis. NRG1 lowers blood glucose levels in obese mice, whereas the brown fat-enriched secreted factor NRG4 protects mice from high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis. However, the therapeutic potential of NRGs remains elusive, given the poor plasma half-life of the native ligands. Here, we engineered a fusion protein using human NRG1 and the Fc domain of human IgG1 (NRG1-Fc) that exhibited extended half-life in circulation and improved potency in receptor signaling. We evaluated its efficacy in improving metabolic parameters and dissected the mechanisms of action. NRG1-Fc treatment triggered potent AKT activation in the liver, lowered blood glucose, improved insulin sensitivity, and suppressed food intake in obese mice. NRG1-Fc acted as a potent secretagogue for the metabolic hormone FGF21; however, the latter was largely dispensable for its metabolic effects. NRG1-Fc directly targeted the hypothalamic POMC neurons to promote membrane depolarization and increase firing rate. Together, NRG1-Fc exhibits improved pharmacokinetic properties and exerts metabolic benefits through dual inhibition of hepatic gluconeogenesis and caloric intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Henry Kuang
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Yanlin He
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sharon O Idiga
- Department of Pharmacology and Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Siming Li
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Zhimin Chen
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Zhao Yang
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Department of Immunology and Biochemistry, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Xing Cai
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kezhong Zhang
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Department of Immunology and Biochemistry, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Matthew J Potthoff
- Department of Pharmacology and Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Yong Xu
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jiandie D Lin
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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75
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Gannon NP, Schnuck JK, Vaughan RA. BCAA Metabolism and Insulin Sensitivity - Dysregulated by Metabolic Status? Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62:e1700756. [PMID: 29377510 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) appear to influence several synthetic and catabolic cellular signaling cascades leading to altered phenotypes in mammals. BCAAs are most notably known to increase protein synthesis through modulating protein translation, explaining their appeal to resistance and endurance athletes for muscle hypertrophy, expedited recovery, and preservation of lean body mass. In addition to anabolic effects, BCAAs may increase mitochondrial content in skeletal muscle and adipocytes, possibly enhancing oxidative capacity. However, elevated circulating BCAA levels have been correlated with severity of insulin resistance. It is hypothesized that elevated circulating BCAAs observed in insulin resistance may result from dysregulated BCAA degradation. This review summarizes original reports that investigated the ability of BCAAs to alter glucose uptake in consequential cell types and experimental models. The review also discusses the interplay of BCAAs with other metabolic factors, and the role of excess lipid (and possibly energy excess) in the dysregulation of BCAA catabolism. Lastly, this article provides a working hypothesis of the mechanism(s) by which lipids may contribute to altered BCAA catabolism, which often accompanies metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jamie K Schnuck
- School of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Roger A Vaughan
- Department of Exercise Science, High Point University, High Point, NC
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76
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Guo X, Jiang Q, Tuccitto A, Chan D, Alqawlaq S, Won GJ, Sivak JM. The AMPK-PGC-1α signaling axis regulates the astrocyte glutathione system to protect against oxidative and metabolic injury. Neurobiol Dis 2018; 113:59-69. [PMID: 29438738 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurons are highly sensitive to metabolic and oxidative injury, but endogenous astrocyte mechanisms have a critical capacity to provide protection from these stresses. We previously reported that the master regulator PGC-1α (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α) is necessary for retinal astrocytes to mount effective injury responses, with particular regard to oxidative stress. Yet, this pathway has not been well studied in glia. PGC-1α is a transcriptional co-activator that is dysregulated in a variety of neurodegenerative diseases. It functions as a master regulator of cellular bioenergetics, with the ability to regulate tissue specific responses. A key inducer of PGC-1α signaling is adenosine monophosphate-activated kinase (AMPK). Thus, the AMPK-PGC-1α signaling axis coordinates metabolic and oxidative damage responses in the central nervous system (CNS). Here we report that AMPK selectively regulates expression of GCLM (glutamate cysteine ligase modulatory subunit) in astrocytes, but not neurons, through PGC-1α activation. Glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL) is the rate limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of glutathione (GSH); a critical antioxidant and detoxifying peptide in the CNS. Through this mechanism we describe PGC-1α-dependent induction of GSH synthesis and antioxidant activity in astrocytes, and in the rodent retina in vivo. Furthermore, we demonstrate that therapeutic agonism of this pathway with the AMP mimetic, AICAR, rescues GSH levels in vivo, while reducing RGC death and astrocyte reactivity, following retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury. This mechanism presents a novel strategy for enhancing protective astrocyte antioxidant capacity in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxin Guo
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Qi Jiang
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alessandra Tuccitto
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Darren Chan
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Samih Alqawlaq
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gah-Jone Won
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeremy M Sivak
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Abstract
Mitochondrial energy metabolism declines during aging. PGC-1α is a transcription coactivator that plays a key role in the regulation of energetic metabolism and mitochondrial biogenesis in the cells. The aim of this study was to compare the PPARGC1A gene expression level in normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF) derived from young and old donors. A PGC-1α-derived peptide was then synthetized and its ability to affect the PPARGC1A gene expression and mitochondrial function was tested. We assessed changes in PPARGC1A gene expression using quantitative RT-PCR. The effect of the PGC-1α-derived peptide on energy production was determined using an ATP bioluminescent assay kit. We also studied changes in mitochondrial membrane potential using JC-1 fluorescent dye and the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) using DCFH-DA dye in NHDF cells after UVA/B irradiation alone and in combination with a peptide treatment. The PPARGC1A gene expression decreased in an aged human dermal fibroblast. The PGC-1α-derived peptide was synthetized and increased the PPARGC1A gene expression and ATP levels in cells. Furthermore, the mitochondrial membrane potential in UVA/B irradiated cells treated with the tested PGC-1α-derived peptide was increased compared to irradiated controls. Moreover, the ROS levels in UVA/B irradiated cells treated with the PGC-1α-derived peptide decreased. On the basis of our results, PGC-1α emerges as an interesting target to combat decreasing energetic metabolism in aging skin cells. Indeed, the PGC-1α-derived peptide increasing the PPARGC1A gene expression improved the mitochondrial function and increased energy production in the cells.
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The Root of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidzumi Prevents Obesity and Glucose Intolerance and Increases Energy Metabolism in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19010278. [PMID: 29342124 PMCID: PMC5796224 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting energy expenditure offers a strategy for treating obesity more effectively and safely. In previous studies, we found that the root of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidzumi (Atractylodis Rhizoma Alba, ARA) increased energy metabolism in C2C12 cells. Here, we investigated the effects of ARA on obesity and glucose intolerance by examining energy metabolism in skeletal muscle and brown fat in high-fat diet (HFD) induced obese mice. ARA decreased body weight gain, hepatic lipid levels and serum total cholesterol levels, but did not modify food intake. Fasting serum glucose, serum insulin levels and glucose intolerance were all improved in ARA treated mice. Furthermore, ARA increased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC1α) expression, and the phosphorylation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in skeletal muscle tissues, and also prevented skeletal muscle atrophy. In addition, the numbers of brown adipocytes and the expressions of PGC1α and uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) were elevated in the brown adipose tissues of ARA treated mice. Our results show that ARA can prevent diet-induced obesity and glucose intolerance in C5BL/6 mice and suggests that the mechanism responsible is related to the promotion of energy metabolism in skeletal muscle and brown adipose tissues.
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79
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Zhang L, Liu J, Zhou F, Wang W, Chen N. PGC-1α ameliorates kidney fibrosis in mice with diabetic kidney disease through an antioxidative mechanism. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:4490-4498. [PMID: 29344670 PMCID: PMC5802225 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a common phenomenon in podocyte impairment, which leads to the irreversible progression of chronic kidney diseases, such as diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Previous research has indicated that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) participates in mitochondrial biogenesis and energy metabolism in certain mitochondria-enriched cells, including myocardial and skeletal muscle cells. Therefore, we hypothesized that PGC-1α may be a protective nuclear factor against energy and oxidative stress in DKD. To investigate this hypothesis, db/db diabetic mice were used to establish a DKD model and the PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone was employed to induce PGC-1α expression in vivo. Additionally, immortalized mouse podocytes and SV40 MES 13 renal mesangial cells were utilized for in vitro experiments. The expression levels of PGC-1α and genes associated with kidney and cell injury were determined by western blotting or reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and intracellular ROS levels were assessed by 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate. The results of the present study demonstrated that endogenous PGC-1α expression exhibited protective effects against oxidative stress, glomerulosclerosis and tubulointerstitial fibrosis in experimental DKD. These results indicated a potential role of PGC-1α in the amelioration of key pathophysiological features of DKD and provided evidence for PGC-1α as a potential therapeutic target in DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Fangfang Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Weiming Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Nan Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
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Ramos-Lopez O, Riezu-Boj JI, Milagro FI, Goni L, Cuervo M, Martinez JA. Association of the Gly482Ser PPARGC1A gene variant with different cholesterol outcomes in response to two energy-restricted diets in subjects with excessive weight. Nutrition 2018; 47:83-89. [PMID: 29429541 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of two PPARGC1A gene polymorphisms on metabolic outcomes in response to two energy-restricted diets. METHODS A 4-mo nutritional intervention was conducted that involved two different hypo-energetic diets based on low-fat (LF) and moderately high-protein (MHP) dietary patterns. Unrelated subjects with excessive weight were genotyped for two PPARGC1A polymorphisms: Rs8192678 (Gly482Ser) and rs3755863 (G > A). Genotyping was performed by next-generation sequencing and haplotypes were screened. Anthropometric measurements and biochemical tests were assessed with standardized methods. RESULTS Different cholesterol outcomes were observed by diet and Gly482Ser genotype. The Gly482 Gly homozygotes after an LF diet had lower reductions in total cholesterol (-9 mg/dL vs. -27 mg/dL; P = 0.017) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (-5 mg/dL vs. -18 mg/dL; P = 0.016) than the subjects who were carriers of 482 Ser allele. However, this finding was not recorded in the MHP group where Gly482 Gly homozygotes underwent similar cholesterol decreases as the 482 Ser allele carriers. Likewise, all genotype carriers had significant reductions in the frequencies of hypercholesterolemia (total cholesterol ≥200 mg/dL) except for Gly482 Gly homozygotes in the LF group. Meanwhile, the rs3755863 polymorphism and PPARGC1A haplotypes showed borderline effects with regard to cholesterol decreases. CONCLUSIONS An energy-restricted MHP diet might be more beneficial than an LF diet to reduce serum cholesterol among subjects who are carriers of the PPARGC1A Gly482Gly genotype. The analysis of this genetic variant might be the basis for a precise, nutrigenetic management of hypercholesterolemia based on genetic makeup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Ramos-Lopez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jose I Riezu-Boj
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Fermin I Milagro
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Biomedical Research Centre Network in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Carlos III Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Leticia Goni
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Marta Cuervo
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain; Biomedical Research Centre Network in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Carlos III Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose A Martinez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain; Biomedical Research Centre Network in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Carlos III Institute, Madrid, Spain; Madrid Institute of Advanced Studies (IMDEA Food), Madrid, Spain.
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Abstract
As the HIV population continues to live longer as a result of antiretroviral therapy, liver-related mortality has become one of the leading causes of non-AIDS related death in this patient population. The liver possesses a remarkable regenerative capacity but undergoes complex biological changes in response to aging and inflammation that result in decreased cellular regeneration and a tipping of the scales towards fibrogenesis. Patients with HIV infection have serological evidence of ongoing inflammation, with elevations in some biomarkers persisting despite adequate virologic control. In addition, HIV-co-infected patients have markers of advanced age on liver biopsy and increased prevalence of fibrosis as compared to an age-matched HCV mono-infected cohort. In this review, we will discuss the biology of aging, age-related changes in the liver, and the relevant mechanisms by which HIV causes inflammation in the context of accelerated aging, fibrosis of the liver, and other viral co-infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin W Chan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, 315 Trent Dr, PO Box 102359, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
| | - Yuval A Patel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Steve Choi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Durham VA Medical Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
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Zheng T, Kang JH, Sim JS, Kim JW, Koh JT, Shin CS, Lim H, Yim M. The farnesoid X receptor negatively regulates osteoclastogenesis in bone remodeling and pathological bone loss. Oncotarget 2017; 8:76558-76573. [PMID: 29100332 PMCID: PMC5652726 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Farnesoid X receptor (FXR, NR1H4) is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors. Since the role of FXR in osteoclast differentiation remains ill-defined, we investigated the biological function of FXR on osteoclastogenesis, using FXR-deficient mice. We demonstrated that FXR deficiency increases osteoclast formation in vitro and in vivo. First, FXR deficiency was found to accelerate osteoclast formation via down-regulation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) 1/2 expression. Increased expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 (PGC-1)β seems to mediate the pro-osteoclastogenic effect of FXR deficiency via the JNK pathway. In addition, we found that FXR deficiency downregulated the expression of interferon-β (IFN-β), a strong inhibitor of osteoclastogenesis, via receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand (RANKL). We further suggested that interference of IFN-β expression by FXR deficiency impaired the downstream JAK3-STAT1 signaling pathways, which in turn increased osteoclast formation. Finally, FXR deficiency accelerated unloading- or ovariectomy-induced bone loss in vivo. Thus, our findings demonstrate that FXR is a negative modulator in osteoclast differentiation and identify FXR as a potential therapeutic target for postmenopausal osteoporosis and unloading-induced bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zheng
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Yongsan-ku, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Hee Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Yongsan-ku, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Sun Sim
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Yongsan-ku, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Woo Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Tae Koh
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Soo Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungsik Lim
- Departments of Physics, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Mijung Yim
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Yongsan-ku, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Effects of trimetazidine on mitochondrial respiratory function, biosynthesis, and fission/fusion in rats with acute myocardial ischemia. Anatol J Cardiol 2017; 18:175-181. [PMID: 28761019 PMCID: PMC5689048 DOI: 10.14744/anatoljcardiol.2017.7771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Myocardial ischemia affects mitochondrial functions, leading to ionic imbalance and susceptibility to ventricular fibrillation. Trimetazidine, a metabolic agent, is clinically used in anti-anginal therapy. METHODS In this study, the rats were orally treated by gavage with trimetazidine 10 mg/kg/d for 7 days, and the effects of trimetazidine on mitochondrial respiratory function, biosynthesis, and fission/fusion in rats with acute myocardial ischemia were evaluated. RESULTS It has been suggested that acute myocardial ischemia leads to a damage to mitochondrial functions. However, compared with ischemia group without trimetazidine administration, a significant reduction in the infarct size was observed in trimetazidine-treated ischemia group (31.24±3.02% vs. 52.87±4.89%). Trimetazidine preserved the mitochondrial structure and improved respiratory control ratio and complex I activity. Furthermore, trimetazidine improved mitochondrial biosynthesis and fission/fusion, as demonstrated by the promotion of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) co-activator 1α (PGC-1α), mitofusins 1 (Mfn1), dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), and optic atrophy 1 (Opa1) expressions in rats with acute myocardial ischemia. CONCLUSION Taken together, it was suggested that in this rat model of myocardial ischemia, trimetazidine demonstrated cardioprotective effects attributing to the preservation of mitochondrial respiratory function, biosynthesis, and fission/fusion and, thus, could be considered as an agent for cardioprotection.
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Regulation of Metabolic Activity by p53. Metabolites 2017; 7:metabo7020021. [PMID: 28531108 PMCID: PMC5487992 DOI: 10.3390/metabo7020021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells is controlled by the activation of multiple oncogenic signalling pathways in order to promote macromolecule biosynthesis during rapid proliferation. Cancer cells also need to adapt their metabolism to survive and multiply under the metabolically compromised conditions provided by the tumour microenvironment. The tumour suppressor p53 interacts with the metabolic network at multiple nodes, mostly to reduce anabolic metabolism and promote preservation of cellular energy under conditions of nutrient restriction. Inactivation of this tumour suppressor by deletion or mutation is a frequent event in human cancer. While loss of p53 function lifts an important barrier to cancer development by deleting cell cycle and apoptosis checkpoints, it also removes a crucial regulatory mechanism and can render cancer cells highly sensitive to metabolic perturbation. In this review, we will summarise the major concepts of metabolic regulation by p53 and explore how this knowledge can be used to selectively target p53 deficient cancer cells in the context of the tumour microenvironment.
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Interaction effect of PGC-1α rs10517030 variants and energy intake in the risk of type 2 diabetes in middle-aged adults. Eur J Clin Nutr 2017; 71:1442-1448. [DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2017.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 01/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Chen S, Wen X, Zhang W, Wang C, Liu J, Liu C. Hypolipidemic effect of oleanolic acid is mediated by the miR-98-5p/PGC-1β axis in high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemic mice. FASEB J 2017; 31:1085-1096. [PMID: 27903618 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201601022r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Oleanolic acid (OA) is an active component of the traditional Chinese herb Olea europaea L. and has been found to exhibit a significant lipid-lowering effect; however, its direct molecular target is still unknown, which limits its clinical application and the possible structure modification to improve its beneficial functions. In this regard, we carried out the present study to identify potential hepatic targets of OA to mediate its lipid-lowering effect. We found that both acute and chronic OA treatments reduced serum levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol, and decreased hepatic expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1β (PGC-1β), which is an important regulator in maintaining hepatic lipid homeostasis, and its downstream target genes. Of note, liver-specific knockdown of PGC-1β recapitulated the hypolipidemic effects of OA. At the molecular level, OA accelerated mRNA degradation of PGC-1β. Microarray analysis revealed a host of microRNAs that potentially mediate OA-induced PGC-1β mRNA degradation, among which, miR-98-5p significantly inhibited activity of Pgc-1β 3' UTR as well as PGC-1β expression and promoted its mRNA degradation. Conversely, miR-98-5p inhibitors blunted the inhibitory effects of OA on PGC-1β expression. Collectively, our data demonstrated that OA ameliorated hyperlipidemia, likely via regulation of the miR-98-5p/PGC-1β axis.-Chen, S., Wen, X., Zhang, W., Wang, C., Liu, J., Liu, C. Hypolipidemic effect of oleanolic acid is mediated by the miR-98-5p/PGC-1β axis in high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China; and
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoan Wen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China; and
| | - Wenxiang Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China; and
| | - Chen Wang
- School of Life Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China; and
| | - Jun Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China; and
| | - Chang Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China; and
- School of Life Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China; and
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
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87
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Zolezzi JM, Santos MJ, Bastías-Candia S, Pinto C, Godoy JA, Inestrosa NC. PPARs in the central nervous system: roles in neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2017; 92:2046-2069. [PMID: 28220655 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Over 25 years have passed since peroxisome proliferators-activated receptors (PPARs), were first described. Like other members of the nuclear receptors superfamily, PPARs have been defined as critical sensors and master regulators of cellular metabolism. Recognized as ligand-activated transcription factors, they are involved in lipid, glucose and amino acid metabolism, taking part in different cellular processes, including cellular differentiation and apoptosis, inflammatory modulation and attenuation of acute and chronic neurological damage in vivo and in vitro. Interestingly, PPAR activation can simultaneously reprogram the immune response, stimulate metabolic and mitochondrial functions, promote axonal growth, induce progenitor cells to differentiate into myelinating oligodendrocytes, and improve brain clearance of toxic molecules such as β-amyloid peptide. Although the molecular mechanisms and cross-talk with different molecular pathways are still the focus of intense research, PPARs are considered potential therapeutic targets for several neuropathological conditions, including degenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington's disease. This review considers recent advances regarding PPARs, as well as new PPAR agonists. We focus on the mechanisms behind the neuroprotective effects exerted by PPARs and summarise the roles of PPARs in different pathologies of the central nervous system, especially those associated with degenerative and inflammatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Zolezzi
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE-UC), P. Catholic University of Chile, PO Box 114-D, 8331150, Santiago, Chile
| | - Manuel J Santos
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Alameda 340, 8331150, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sussy Bastías-Candia
- Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología, Universidad de Tarapacá, Gral. Velásquez 1775, 1000007, Arica, Chile
| | - Claudio Pinto
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE-UC), P. Catholic University of Chile, PO Box 114-D, 8331150, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan A Godoy
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE-UC), P. Catholic University of Chile, PO Box 114-D, 8331150, Santiago, Chile.,Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Alameda 340, 8331150, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nibaldo C Inestrosa
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE-UC), P. Catholic University of Chile, PO Box 114-D, 8331150, Santiago, Chile.,Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Alameda 340, 8331150, Santiago, Chile.,Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Avoca Street Randwick NSW 2031, Sydney, Australia.,Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA), Universidad de Magallanes, PO Box 113-D, Avenida Bulnes 01855, 6210427, Punta Arenas, Chile
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88
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Galmés-Pascual BM, Nadal-Casellas A, Bauza-Thorbrügge M, Sbert-Roig M, García-Palmer FJ, Proenza AM, Gianotti M, Lladó I. 17β-estradiol improves hepatic mitochondrial biogenesis and function through PGC1B. J Endocrinol 2017; 232:297-308. [PMID: 27885055 DOI: 10.1530/joe-16-0350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Sexual dimorphism in mitochondrial biogenesis and function has been described in many rat tissues, with females showing larger and more functional mitochondria. The family of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 (PGC1) plays a central role in the regulatory network governing mitochondrial biogenesis and function, but little is known about the different contribution of hepatic PGC1A and PGC1B in these processes. The aim of this study was to elucidate the role of 17β-estradiol (E2) in mitochondrial biogenesis and function in liver and assess the contribution of both hepatic PGC1A and PGC1B as mediators of these effects. In ovariectomized (OVX) rats (half of which were treated with E2) estrogen deficiency led to impaired mitochondrial biogenesis and function, increased oxidative stress, and defective lipid metabolism, but was counteracted by E2 treatment. In HepG2 hepatocytes, the role of E2 in enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis and function was confirmed. These effects were unaffected by the knockdown of PGC1A, but were impaired when PGC1B expression was knocked down by specific siRNA. Our results reveal a widespread protective role of E2 in hepatocytes, which is explained by enhanced mitochondrial content and oxidative capacity, lower hepatic lipid accumulation, and a reduction of oxidative stress. We also suggest a novel hepatic protective role of PGC1B as a modulator of E2 effects on mitochondrial biogenesis and function supporting activation of PGC1B as a therapeutic target for hepatic mitochondrial disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bel M Galmés-Pascual
- Departament de Biologia Fonamental i Ciències de la SalutGrup Metabolisme Energètic i Nutrició, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària de Palma (IdISPa)Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Antonia Nadal-Casellas
- Departament de Biologia Fonamental i Ciències de la SalutGrup Metabolisme Energètic i Nutrició, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Marco Bauza-Thorbrügge
- Departament de Biologia Fonamental i Ciències de la SalutGrup Metabolisme Energètic i Nutrició, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària de Palma (IdISPa)Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Miquel Sbert-Roig
- Departament de Biologia Fonamental i Ciències de la SalutGrup Metabolisme Energètic i Nutrició, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària de Palma (IdISPa)Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Francisco J García-Palmer
- Departament de Biologia Fonamental i Ciències de la SalutGrup Metabolisme Energètic i Nutrició, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària de Palma (IdISPa)Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn, CB06/03/0043)Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana M Proenza
- Departament de Biologia Fonamental i Ciències de la SalutGrup Metabolisme Energètic i Nutrició, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària de Palma (IdISPa)Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn, CB06/03/0043)Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Magdalena Gianotti
- Departament de Biologia Fonamental i Ciències de la SalutGrup Metabolisme Energètic i Nutrició, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària de Palma (IdISPa)Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn, CB06/03/0043)Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Lladó
- Departament de Biologia Fonamental i Ciències de la SalutGrup Metabolisme Energètic i Nutrició, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària de Palma (IdISPa)Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn, CB06/03/0043)Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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89
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Besse-Patin A, Léveillé M, Oropeza D, Nguyen BN, Prat A, Estall JL. Estrogen Signals Through Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ Coactivator 1α to Reduce Oxidative Damage Associated With Diet-Induced Fatty Liver Disease. Gastroenterology 2017; 152:243-256. [PMID: 27658772 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2016.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Inefficient fatty acid oxidation in mitochondria and increased oxidative damage are features of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In rodent models and patients with NAFLD, hepatic expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARG) coactivator 1α (PPARGC1A or PGC1A) is inversely correlated with liver fat and disease severity. A common polymorphism in this gene (rs8192678, encoding Gly482Ser) has been associated with NAFLD. We investigated whether reduced expression of PGC1A contributes to development of NAFLD using mouse models, primary hepatocytes, and human cell lines. METHODS HepG2 cells were transfected with variants of PPARGC1A and protein and messenger RNA levels were measured. Mice with liver-specific hemizygous or homozygous disruption of Ppargc1a (Ppargc1af/+Alb-cre+/0 and Ppargc1af/f Alb-cre+/0 mice, respectively) were fed regular chow (control) or a high-fat diet supplemented with 30% d-fructose in drinking water (obesogenic diet) for 25-33 weeks. Liver tissues were analyzed by histology and by immunoblotting. Primary hepatocytes were analyzed for insulin signaling, reactive oxygen species, and estrogen response. Luciferase reporter expression was measured in transfected H2.35 cells expressing an estrogen receptor reporter gene, estrogen receptor 1, and/or PGC1A/B. RESULTS The serine 482 variant of the human PGC1A protein had a shorter half-life than the glycine 482 variant when expressed in HepG2 cells. Liver tissues from mice with liver-specific hemizygous disruption of Ppargc1a placed on an obesogenic diet expressed increased markers of inflammation and fibrosis and decreased levels of antioxidant enzymes compared with the Ppargc1a+/+ on the same diet. Oxidative damage was observed in livers from Ppargc1af/+Alb-cre+/0 mice of each sex, in a cell-autonomous manner, but was greater in livers from the female mice. Expression of PGC1A in H2.35 cells coactivated estrogen receptor 1 and was required for estrogen-dependent expression of genes that encode antioxidant proteins. These findings could account for the increased liver damage observed in female Ppargc1af/+Alb-cre+/0 mice; while, compensatory increases in PPARG coactivator 1β could prevent oxidative damage associated with complete loss of PGC1A expression in Ppargc1af/fAlb-cre+/0 female mice. CONCLUSIONS In mice, loss of estrogen signaling contributes to oxidative damage caused by low levels of PGC1A in liver, exacerbating steatohepatitis associated with diets high in fructose and fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurèle Besse-Patin
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Mélissa Léveillé
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Daniel Oropeza
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Bich N Nguyen
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada; University of Montreal Health Network, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Annik Prat
- Laboratory of Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jennifer L Estall
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada.
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90
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Minsky N, Roeder RG. Inhibition of Adhesion Molecule Gene Expression and Cell Adhesion by the Metabolic Regulator PGC-1α. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165598. [PMID: 27984584 PMCID: PMC5161318 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell adhesion plays an important role in determining cell shape and function in a variety of physiological and pathophysiological conditions. While links between metabolism and cell adhesion were previously suggested, the exact context and molecular details of such a cross-talk remain incompletely understood. Here we show that PGC-1α, a pivotal transcriptional co-activator of metabolic gene expression, acts to inhibit expression of cell adhesion genes. Using cell lines, primary cells and mice, we show that both endogenous and exogenous PGC-1α down-regulate expression of a variety of cell adhesion molecules. Furthermore, results obtained using mRNA stability measurements as well as intronic RNA expression are consistent with a transcriptional effect of PGC-1α on cell adhesion gene expression. Interestingly, the L2/L3 motifs of PGC-1α, necessary for nuclear hormone receptor activation, are only partly required for inhibition of several cell adhesion genes by PGC-1α. Finally, PGC-1α is able to modulate adhesion of primary fibroblasts and hepatic stellate cells to extracellular matrix proteins. Our results delineate a cross talk between a central pathway controlling metabolic regulation and cell adhesion, and identify PGC-1α as a molecular link between these two major cellular networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neri Minsky
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Robert G. Roeder
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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91
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Minsky N, Roeder RG. Control of Secreted Protein Gene Expression and the Mammalian Secretome by the Metabolic Regulator PGC-1α. J Biol Chem 2016; 292:43-50. [PMID: 27909049 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.c116.761049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Secreted proteins serve pivotal roles in the development of multicellular organisms, acting as structural matrix, extracellular enzymes, and signal molecules. However, how the secretome is regulated remains incompletely understood. Here we demonstrate, unexpectedly, that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1-α (PGC-1α), a critical transcriptional co-activator of metabolic gene expression, functions to down-regulate the expression of diverse genes encoding secreted molecules and extracellular matrix components to modulate the secretome. Using cell lines, primary cells, and mice, we show that both endogenous and exogenous PGC-1α down-regulate the expression of numerous genes encoding secreted molecules. Mechanistically, results obtained using mRNA stability measurements as well as intronic RNA expression analysis are consistent with a transcriptional effect of PGC-1α on the expression of genes encoding secreted proteins. Interestingly, PGC-1α requires the central heat shock response regulator heat shock factor protein 1 (HSF1) to affect some of its targets, and both factors co-reside on several target genes encoding secreted molecules in cells. Finally, using a mass spectrometric analysis of secreted proteins, we demonstrate that PGC-1α modulates the secretome of mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Our results define a link between a key pathway controlling metabolic regulation and the regulation of the mammalian secretome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neri Minsky
- From the Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065
| | - Robert G Roeder
- From the Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065
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92
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Pavek P. Pregnane X Receptor (PXR)-Mediated Gene Repression and Cross-Talk of PXR with Other Nuclear Receptors via Coactivator Interactions. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:456. [PMID: 27932985 PMCID: PMC5122737 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnane X receptor is a ligand-activated nuclear receptor (NR) that mainly controls inducible expression of xenobiotics handling genes including biotransformation enzymes and drug transporters. Nowadays it is clear that PXR is also involved in regulation of intermediate metabolism through trans-activation and trans-repression of genes controlling glucose, lipid, cholesterol, bile acid, and bilirubin homeostasis. In these processes PXR cross-talks with other NRs. Accumulating evidence suggests that the cross-talk is often mediated by competing for common coactivators or by disruption of coactivation and activity of other transcription factors by the ligand-activated PXR. In this respect mainly PXR-CAR and PXR-HNF4α interference have been reported and several cytochrome P450 enzymes (such as CYP7A1 and CYP8B1), phase II enzymes (SULT1E1, Gsta2, Ugt1a1), drug and endobiotic transporters (OCT1, Mrp2, Mrp3, Oatp1a, and Oatp4) as well as intermediate metabolism enzymes (PEPCK1 and G6Pase) have been shown as down-regulated genes after PXR activation. In this review, I summarize our current knowledge of PXR-mediated repression and coactivation interference in PXR-controlled gene expression regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Pavek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Centre for Drug Development, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague Hradec Kralove, Czechia
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93
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Vancura P, Wolloscheck T, Baba K, Tosini G, Iuvone PM, Spessert R. Circadian and Dopaminergic Regulation of Fatty Acid Oxidation Pathway Genes in Retina and Photoreceptor Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164665. [PMID: 27727308 PMCID: PMC5058478 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The energy metabolism of the retina might comply with daily changes in energy demand and is impaired in diabetic retinopathy-one of the most common causes of blindness in Europe and the USA. The aim of this study was to investigate putative adaptation of energy metabolism in healthy and diabetic retina. Hence expression analysis of metabolic pathway genes was performed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction, semi-quantitative western blot and immunohistochemistry. Transcriptional profiling of key enzymes of energy metabolism identified transcripts of mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation enzymes, i.e. carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1α (Cpt-1α) and medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (Acadm) to display daily rhythms with peak values during daytime in preparations of the whole retina and microdissected photoreceptors. The cycling of both enzymes persisted in constant darkness, was dampened in mice deficient for dopamine D4 (D4) receptors and was altered in db/db mice-a model of diabetic retinopathy. The data of the present study are consistent with circadian clock-dependent and dopaminergic regulation of fatty acid oxidation in retina and its putative disturbance in diabetic retina.
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MESH Headings
- Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase/genetics
- Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase/metabolism
- Animals
- Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase/genetics
- Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase/metabolism
- Circadian Rhythm/physiology
- Diabetic Retinopathy/metabolism
- Diabetic Retinopathy/pathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dopamine/metabolism
- Energy Metabolism
- Fatty Acids/chemistry
- Fatty Acids/metabolism
- Female
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C3H
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Obese
- Microscopy, Fluorescence
- Oxidation-Reduction
- Photoreceptor Cells/metabolism
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT1/deficiency
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT1/genetics
- Receptors, Dopamine D4/deficiency
- Receptors, Dopamine D4/genetics
- Retina/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Vancura
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tanja Wolloscheck
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kenkichi Baba
- Neuroscience Institute and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Gianluca Tosini
- Neuroscience Institute and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - P. Michael Iuvone
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Rainer Spessert
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
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94
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PGC-1α-Dependent Mitochondrial Adaptation Is Necessary to Sustain IL-2-Induced Activities in Human NK Cells. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:9605253. [PMID: 27413259 PMCID: PMC4931085 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9605253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Human Natural Killer (NK) cells are a specialized heterogeneous subpopulation of lymphocytes involved in antitumor defense reactions. NK cell effector functions are critically dependent on cytokines and metabolic activity. Among various cytokines modulating NK cell function, interleukin-2 (IL-2) can induce a more potent cytotoxic activity defined as lymphokine activated killer activity (LAK). Our aim was to determine if IL-2 induces changes at the mitochondrial level in NK cells to support the bioenergetic demand for performing this enhanced cytotoxic activity more efficiently. Purified human NK cells were cultured with high IL-2 concentrations to develop LAK activity, which was assessed by the ability of NK cells to lyse NK-resistant Daudi cells. Here we show that, after 72 h of culture of purified human NK cells with enough IL-2 to induce LAK activity, both the mitochondrial mass and the mitochondrial membrane potential increased in a PGC-1α-dependent manner. In addition, oligomycin, an inhibitor of ATP synthase, inhibited IL-2-induced LAK activity at 48 and 72 h of culture. Moreover, the secretion of IFN-γ from NK cells with LAK activity was also partially dependent on PGC-1α expression. These results indicate that PGC-1α plays a crucial role in regulating mitochondrial function involved in the maintenance of LAK activity in human NK cells stimulated with IL-2.
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95
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Wang G, Song Y, Feng W, Liu L, Zhu Y, Xie X, Pan Y, Ke R, Li S, Li F, Yang L, Li M. Activation of AMPK attenuates LPS-induced acute lung injury by upregulation of PGC1α and SOD1. Exp Ther Med 2016; 12:1551-1555. [PMID: 27602077 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests that an imbalance between oxidation and antioxidation is involved in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS). Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has been shown to inhibit the occurrence of ALI/ARDS. However, it is unknown whether activation of AMPK benefits ALI/ARDS by restoration of the oxidant and antioxidant balance, and which mechanisms are responsible for this process. The present study aimed to address these issues. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced pronounced pathological changes of ALI in mice; these were accompanied by elevated production of malondialdehyde (MDA) and decreased activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) compared with control mice. Prior treatment of mice with the AMPK agonist metformin significantly suppressed the LPS-induced development of ALI, reduced the elevation of MDA and increased the activity of SOD. Further analysis indicated that activation of AMPK also stimulated the protein expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC1α) and superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1). This study suggests that activation of AMPK by metformin inhibits oxidative stress by upregulation of PGC1α and SOD1, thereby suppressing the development of ALI/ARDS, and has potential value in the clinical treatment of such conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guizuo Wang
- Department of Respiratory Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Yang Song
- Department of Respiratory Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Wei Feng
- Department of Respiratory Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Respiratory Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Yanting Zhu
- Department of Respiratory Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Xinming Xie
- Department of Respiratory Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Yilin Pan
- Department of Respiratory Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Rui Ke
- Department of Respiratory Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Shaojun Li
- Department of Respiratory Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Fangwei Li
- Department of Respiratory Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Lan Yang
- Department of Respiratory Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Manxiang Li
- Department of Respiratory Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710061, P.R. China
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96
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Li Z, Liu X, Wang L, Wang Y, Du C, Xu S, Zhang Y, Wang C, Yang C. The role of PGC-1α and MRP1 in lead-induced mitochondrial toxicity in testicular Sertoli cells. Toxicology 2016; 355-356:39-48. [PMID: 27236077 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2016.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The lead-induced toxic effect on mitochondria in Sertoli cells is not well studied and the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. Here we reported the potential role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) and multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1) in lead acetate-induced mitochondrial toxicity in mouse testicular Sertoli cells TM4 line. We found that lead acetate treatment significantly reduced the expression level of PGC-1α, but increased the level of MRP1 in mitochondria of TM4 cells. To determine the role of PGC-1α and MRP1 in lead acetate-induced mitochondrial toxicity, we then generated PGC-1α stable overexpression and MRP1 stable knockdown TM4 cells, respectively. The lead acetate treatment caused TM4 cell mitochondrial ultrastructure damages, a decrease in ATP synthesis, an increase in ROS levels, and apoptotic cell death. In contrast, stably overexpressing PGC-1α significantly ameliorated the lead acetate treatment-caused mitochondrial toxicity and apoptosis. Moreover, it was also found that stably knocking down the level of MRP1 increased the TM4 cell mitochondrial lead-accumulation by 4-6 folds. Together, the findings from this study suggest that PGC-1α and MRP1 plays important roles in protecting TM4 cells against lead-induced mitochondrial toxicity, providing a better understanding of lead-induced mitochondrial toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Donghu Road 115, Wuhan 430071, PR China
| | - Xi Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Donghu Road 115, Wuhan 430071, PR China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Donghu Road 115, Wuhan 430071, PR China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chineses Medicine, Wuhan 430065, PR China
| | - Chuang Du
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Donghu Road 115, Wuhan 430071, PR China
| | - Siyuan Xu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Applied Toxicology, Hubei Provincial Academy for Preventive Medicine, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Yucheng Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Donghu Road 115, Wuhan 430071, PR China
| | - Chunhong Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Donghu Road 115, Wuhan 430071, PR China.
| | - Chengfeng Yang
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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97
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Tan Z, Luo X, Xiao L, Tang M, Bode AM, Dong Z, Cao Y. The Role of PGC1α in Cancer Metabolism and its Therapeutic Implications. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 15:774-82. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-15-0621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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98
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Sbert-Roig M, Bauzá-Thorbrügge M, Galmés-Pascual BM, Capllonch-Amer G, García-Palmer FJ, Lladó I, Proenza AM, Gianotti M. GPER mediates the effects of 17β-estradiol in cardiac mitochondrial biogenesis and function. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 420:116-24. [PMID: 26628039 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Considering the sexual dimorphism described in cardiac mitochondrial function and oxidative stress, we aimed to investigate the role of 17β-estradiol (E2) in these sex differences and the contribution of E2 receptors to these effects. As a model of chronic deprivation of ovarian hormones, we used ovariectomized (OVX) rats, half of which were treated with E2. Ovariectomy decreased markers of cardiac mitochondrial biogenesis and function and also increased oxidative stress, whereas E2 counteracted these effects. In H9c2 cardiomyocytes we observed that G-protein coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) agonist mimicked the effects of E2 in enhancing mitochondrial function and biogenesis, whereas GPER inhibitor neutralized them. These data suggest that E2 enhances mitochondrial function and decreases oxidative stress in cardiac muscle, thus it could be responsible for the sexual dimorphism observed in mitochondrial biogenesis and function in this tissue. These effects seem to be mediated through GPER stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miquel Sbert-Roig
- Grup Metabolisme Energètic i Nutrició, Departament de Biologia Fonamental i Ciències de la Salut, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Ctra. Valldemossa, km 7, 5. E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma (IdISPa), Hospital Universitario Son Espases, edificio S. E-07120 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Marco Bauzá-Thorbrügge
- Grup Metabolisme Energètic i Nutrició, Departament de Biologia Fonamental i Ciències de la Salut, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Ctra. Valldemossa, km 7, 5. E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma (IdISPa), Hospital Universitario Son Espases, edificio S. E-07120 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Bel M Galmés-Pascual
- Grup Metabolisme Energètic i Nutrició, Departament de Biologia Fonamental i Ciències de la Salut, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Ctra. Valldemossa, km 7, 5. E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma (IdISPa), Hospital Universitario Son Espases, edificio S. E-07120 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Gabriela Capllonch-Amer
- Grup Metabolisme Energètic i Nutrició, Departament de Biologia Fonamental i Ciències de la Salut, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Ctra. Valldemossa, km 7, 5. E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma (IdISPa), Hospital Universitario Son Espases, edificio S. E-07120 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Francisco J García-Palmer
- Grup Metabolisme Energètic i Nutrició, Departament de Biologia Fonamental i Ciències de la Salut, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Ctra. Valldemossa, km 7, 5. E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma (IdISPa), Hospital Universitario Son Espases, edificio S. E-07120 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn, CB06/03/0043), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Lladó
- Grup Metabolisme Energètic i Nutrició, Departament de Biologia Fonamental i Ciències de la Salut, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Ctra. Valldemossa, km 7, 5. E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma (IdISPa), Hospital Universitario Son Espases, edificio S. E-07120 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn, CB06/03/0043), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana M Proenza
- Grup Metabolisme Energètic i Nutrició, Departament de Biologia Fonamental i Ciències de la Salut, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Ctra. Valldemossa, km 7, 5. E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma (IdISPa), Hospital Universitario Son Espases, edificio S. E-07120 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn, CB06/03/0043), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Magdalena Gianotti
- Grup Metabolisme Energètic i Nutrició, Departament de Biologia Fonamental i Ciències de la Salut, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Ctra. Valldemossa, km 7, 5. E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma (IdISPa), Hospital Universitario Son Espases, edificio S. E-07120 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn, CB06/03/0043), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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99
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Kunst S, Wolloscheck T, Kelleher DK, Wolfrum U, Sargsyan SA, Iuvone PM, Baba K, Tosini G, Spessert R. Pgc-1α and Nr4a1 Are Target Genes of Circadian Melatonin and Dopamine Release in Murine Retina. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2016; 56:6084-94. [PMID: 26393668 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.15-17503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The neurohormones melatonin and dopamine mediate clock-dependent/circadian regulation of inner retinal neurons and photoreceptor cells and in this way promote their functional adaptation to time of day and their survival. To fulfill this function they act on melatonin receptor type 1 (MT1 receptors) and dopamine D4 receptors (D4 receptors), respectively. The aim of the present study was to screen transcriptional regulators important for retinal physiology and/or pathology (Dbp, Egr-1, Fos, Nr1d1, Nr2e3, Nr4a1, Pgc-1α, Rorβ) for circadian regulation and dependence on melatonin signaling/MT1 receptors or dopamine signaling/D4 receptors. METHODS This was done by gene profiling using quantitative polymerase chain reaction in mice deficient in MT1 or D4 receptors. RESULTS The data obtained determined Pgc-1α and Nr4a1 as transcriptional targets of circadian melatonin and dopamine signaling, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that Pgc-1α and Nr4a1 represent candidate genes for linking circadian neurohormone release with functional adaptation and healthiness of retina and photoreceptor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Kunst
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany 2Department of Cell and Matrix Biology, Institute of Zoology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tanja Wolloscheck
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Debra K Kelleher
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Uwe Wolfrum
- Department of Cell and Matrix Biology, Institute of Zoology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - S Anna Sargsyan
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - P Michael Iuvone
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Kenkichi Baba
- Neuroscience Institute and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Gianluca Tosini
- Neuroscience Institute and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Rainer Spessert
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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100
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Direct link between metabolic regulation and the heat-shock response through the transcriptional regulator PGC-1α. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:E5669-78. [PMID: 26438876 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1516219112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years an extensive effort has been made to elucidate the molecular pathways involved in metabolic signaling in health and disease. Here we show, surprisingly, that metabolic regulation and the heat-shock/stress response are directly linked. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α), a critical transcriptional coactivator of metabolic genes, acts as a direct transcriptional repressor of heat-shock factor 1 (HSF1), a key regulator of the heat-shock/stress response. Our findings reveal that heat-shock protein (HSP) gene expression is suppressed during fasting in mouse liver and in primary hepatocytes dependent on PGC-1α. HSF1 and PGC-1α associate physically and are colocalized on several HSP promoters. These observations are extended to several cancer cell lines in which PGC-1α is shown to repress the ability of HSF1 to activate gene-expression programs necessary for cancer survival. Our study reveals a surprising direct link between two major cellular transcriptional networks, highlighting a previously unrecognized facet of the activity of the central metabolic regulator PGC-1α beyond its well-established ability to boost metabolic genes via its interactions with nuclear hormone receptors and nuclear respiratory factors. Our data point to PGC-1α as a critical repressor of HSF1-mediated transcriptional programs, a finding with possible implications both for our understanding of the full scope of metabolically regulated target genes in vivo and, conceivably, for therapeutics.
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