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Medina-Remón A, Kirwan R, Lamuela-Raventós RM, Estruch R. Dietary patterns and the risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, asthma, and neurodegenerative diseases. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 58:262-296. [PMID: 27127938 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2016.1158690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diet and lifestyle play a significant role in the development chronic diseases; however the full complexity of this relationship is not yet understood. Dietary pattern investigation, which reflects the complexity of dietary intake, has emerged as an alternative and complementary approach for examining the association between diet and chronic diseases. Literature on this association has largely focused on individual nutrients, with conflicting outcomes, but individuals consume a combination of foods from many groups that form dietary patterns. Our objective was to systematically review the current findings on the effects of dietary patterns on chronic diseases. In this review, we describe and discuss the relationships between dietary patterns, such as the Mediterranean, the Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension, Prudent, Seventh-day Adventists, and Western, with risk of obesity, type-2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, asthma, and neurodegenearive diseases. Evidence is increasing from both observational and clinical studies that plant-based dietary patterns, which are rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, are valuable in preventing various chronic diseases, whereas a diet high in red and processed meat, refined grains and added sugar seems to increase said risk. Dietary pattern analysis might be especially valuable to the development and evaluation of food-based dietary guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Medina-Remón
- a Department of Internal Medicine , Hospital Clinic, Biomedical Research Institute "August Pi i Sunyer" (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain.,b The Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN) . Institute of Health Carlos III , Madrid , Spain
| | - Richard Kirwan
- a Department of Internal Medicine , Hospital Clinic, Biomedical Research Institute "August Pi i Sunyer" (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Rosa M Lamuela-Raventós
- b The Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN) . Institute of Health Carlos III , Madrid , Spain.,c Department of Nutrition, Food Science, and Gastronomy . School of Pharmacy and Food Science. INSA-UB. University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Ramón Estruch
- a Department of Internal Medicine , Hospital Clinic, Biomedical Research Institute "August Pi i Sunyer" (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain.,b The Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN) . Institute of Health Carlos III , Madrid , Spain
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52
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Davis CR, Bryan J, Hodgson JM, Woodman R, Murphy KJ. A Mediterranean Diet Reduces F 2-Isoprostanes and Triglycerides among Older Australian Men and Women after 6 Months. J Nutr 2017; 147:1348-1355. [PMID: 28566524 DOI: 10.3945/jn.117.248419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Health benefits of a Mediterranean dietary pattern have been shown. However, there are few data on the effects of increased adherence to a Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) in non-Mediterranean countries.Objective: We aimed to determine whether adherence to a MedDiet would result in changes in plasma lipids, glucose and insulin, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and F2-isoprostanes (F2-IsoPs) in an Australian population.Methods: The study was a 6-mo parallel, randomized, controlled dietary intervention trial. We recruited 166 participants aged ≥65 y. Participants were stratified on body mass index, sex, and age and assigned to receive either a MedDiet or a habitual diet (HabDiet). The primary outcome was cognitive function, reported elsewhere. As secondary outcomes, assessment of fasting total, LDL, and HDL cholesterol; triglycerides (TGs); glucose; insulin; hs-CRP; and F2-IsoPs was completed at baseline and at 3 and 6 mo. The MedDiet group followed a prescribed diet containing 15-45 mL extra-virgin olive oil/d, abundant vegetables, fruit, nuts, legumes, and whole grains, as well as moderate fish, poultry, and dairy foods. Dietary intake was measured by 3-d weighed food records at baseline and at 2 and 4 mo. Results were analyzed by using linear mixed-effects models.Results: Compared with the HabDiet, the MedDiet resulted in lower TGs at 3 mo (mean difference: -0.15 mmol/L; 95% CI: -0.23, -0.07 mmol/L; P < 0.001) and 6 mo (mean difference: -0.09 mmol/L; 95% CI: -0.18, -0.01 mmol/L; P = 0.03) and lower F2-IsoPs at 3 mo (mean difference: -103.5 pmol/L; 95% CI: -154.2, -52.7 pmol/L; P < 0.001) and 6 mo (-65.4 pmol/L; 95% CI: -117.1, -13.7 pmol/L; P < 0.001). Lipoprotein, glucose and insulin, and hs-CRP concentrations were not significantly different between groups.Conclusion: A high adherence to a MedDiet for 6 mo resulted in a significant reduction in TGs and F2-IsoPs among older Australians. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as ACTRN12613000602729.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney Rose Davis
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition, and Activity, School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia;
| | - Janet Bryan
- School of Psychology, Social Work, and Social Policy, University of South Australia, Magill, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jonathan M Hodgson
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; and
| | - Richard Woodman
- Flinders Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Flinders University, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Karen J Murphy
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition, and Activity, School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Guo X, Tresserra-Rimbau A, Estruch R, Martínez-González MA, Medina-Remón A, Fitó M, Corella D, Salas-Salvadó J, Portillo MP, Moreno JJ, Pi-Sunyer X, Lamuela-Raventós RM. Polyphenol Levels Are Inversely Correlated with Body Weight and Obesity in an Elderly Population after 5 Years of Follow Up (The Randomised PREDIMED Study). Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9050452. [PMID: 28467383 PMCID: PMC5452182 DOI: 10.3390/nu9050452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Overweight and obesity have been steadily increasing in recent years and currently represent a serious threat to public health. Few human studies have investigated the relationship between polyphenol intake and body weight. Our aim was to assess the relationship between urinary polyphenol levels and body weight. A cross-sectional study was performed with 573 participants from the PREDIMED (Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea) trial (ISRCTN35739639). Total polyphenol levels were measured by a reliable biomarker, total urinary polyphenol excretion (TPE), determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method in urine samples. Participants were categorized into five groups according to their TPE at the fifth year. Multiple linear regression models were used to assess the relationships between TPE and obesity parameters; body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR). After a five years follow up, significant inverse correlations were observed between TPE at the 5th year and BW (β = −1.004; 95% CI: −1.634 to −0.375, p = 0.002), BMI (β = −0.320; 95% CI: −0.541 to −0.098, p = 0.005), WC (β = −0.742; 95% CI: −1.326 to −0.158, p = 0.013), and WHtR (β = −0.408; 95% CI: −0.788 to −0.028, p = 0.036) after adjustments for potential confounders. To conclude, a greater polyphenol intake may thus contribute to reducing body weight in elderly people at high cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Guo
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, XaRTA, INSA-UB, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Anna Tresserra-Rimbau
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, XaRTA, INSA-UB, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
- CIBEROBN Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ramón Estruch
- CIBEROBN Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Miguel A Martínez-González
- CIBEROBN Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine & IdiSNA (Institute for Health Research), University of Navarra, 31080 Pamplona, Spain.
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Alexander Medina-Remón
- CIBEROBN Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Montserrat Fitó
- CIBEROBN Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group (CARIN, Regicor Study Group), IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Dolores Corella
- CIBEROBN Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Epidemiology, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- CIBEROBN Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Human Nutrition Unit, University Hospital of Sant Joan de Reus, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, IISPV, Rovira i Virgili University, 43201 Reus, Spain.
| | - Maria Puy Portillo
- CIBEROBN Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy and Lucio Lascaray Research Institute, University of País Vasco (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria, Spain.
| | - Juan J Moreno
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, XaRTA, INSA-UB, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Xavier Pi-Sunyer
- New York Obesity Research Center, Department of Medicine and Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Rosa M Lamuela-Raventós
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, XaRTA, INSA-UB, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
- CIBEROBN Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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Tarraga Marcos M, Panisello Royo J, Carbayo-Herencia J, Rosich Domenech N, Alins Presas J, Castell Panisello E, Tárraga López P. Application of telemedicine in obesity management. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurtel.2017.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Ford C, Chang S, Vitolins MZ, Fenton JI, Howard BV, Rhee JJ, Stefanick M, Chen B, Snetselaar L, Urrutia R, Frazier-Wood AC. Evaluation of diet pattern and weight gain in postmenopausal women enrolled in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study. Br J Nutr 2017; 117:1189-1197. [PMID: 28509665 PMCID: PMC5728369 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114517000952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
It is unclear which of four popular contemporary diet patterns is best for weight maintenance among postmenopausal women. Four dietary patterns were characterised among postmenopausal women aged 49-81 years (mean 63·6 (sd 7·4) years) from the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study: (1) a low-fat diet; (2) a reduced-carbohydrate diet; (3) a Mediterranean-style (Med) diet; and (4) a diet consistent with the US Department of Agriculture's Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA). Discrete-time hazards models were used to compare the risk of weight gain (≥10 %) among high adherers of each diet pattern. In adjusted models, the reduced-carbohydrate diet was inversely related to weight gain (OR 0·71; 95 % CI 0·66, 0·76), whereas the low-fat (OR 1·43; 95 % CI 1·33, 1·54) and DGA (OR 1·24; 95 % CI 1·15, 1·33) diets were associated with increased risk of weight gain. By baseline weight status, the reduced-carbohydrate diet was inversely related to weight gain among women who were normal weight (OR 0·72; 95 % CI 0·63, 0·81), overweight (OR 0·67; 95 % CI 0·59, 0·76) or obese class I (OR 0·63; 95 % CI 0·53, 0·76) at baseline. The low-fat diet was associated with increased risk of weight gain in women who were normal weight (OR 1·28; 95 % CI 1·13, 1·46), overweight (OR 1·60; 95 % CI 1·40, 1·83), obese class I (OR 1·73; 95 % CI 1·43, 2·09) or obese class II (OR 1·44; 95 % CI 1·08, 1·92) at baseline. These findings suggest that a low-fat diet may promote weight gain, whereas a reduced-carbohydrate diet may decrease risk of postmenopausal weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Ford
- Emory Global Diabetes Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Shine Chang
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mara Z. Vitolins
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Jenifer I. Fenton
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Barbara V. Howard
- Center for the Study of Sex Differences in Health, Aging and Disease, MedStar Health Research Institute and Georgetown/Howard Universities Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Jinnie J. Rhee
- Division of Nephrology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - Marcia Stefanick
- Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Bertha Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Linda Snetselaar
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA
| | - Rachel Urrutia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA
| | - Alexis C. Frazier-Wood
- Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Room CNRC-2036, Mail Stop BCM320, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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56
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Ford ND, Patel SA, Narayan KV. Obesity in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Burden, Drivers, and Emerging Challenges. Annu Rev Public Health 2017; 38:145-164. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031816-044604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We have reviewed the distinctive features of excess weight, its causes, and related prevention and management efforts, as well as data gaps and recommendations for future research in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Obesity is rising in every region of the world, and no country has been successful at reversing the epidemic once it has begun. In LMICs, overweight is higher in women compared with men, in urban compared with rural settings, and in older compared with younger individuals; however, the urban–rural overweight differential is shrinking in many countries. Overweight occurs alongside persistent burdens of underweight in LMICs, especially in young women. Changes in the global diet and physical activity are among the hypothesized leading contributors to obesity. Emerging risk factors include environmental contaminants, chronic psychosocial stress, neuroendocrine dysregulation, and genetic/epigenetic mechanisms. Data on effective strategies to prevent the onset of obesity in LMICs or elsewhere are limited. Expanding the research in this area is a key priority and has important possibilities for reverse innovation that may also inform interventions in high-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole D. Ford
- Nutrition and Health Sciences Program, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Shivani A. Patel
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322;,
| | - K.M. Venkat Narayan
- Nutrition and Health Sciences Program, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322;,
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57
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Kwan HY, Chao X, Su T, Fu X, Tse AKW, Fong WF, Yu ZL. The anticancer and antiobesity effects of Mediterranean diet. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 57:82-94. [PMID: 25831235 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2013.852510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cancers have been the leading cause of death worldwide and the prevalence of obesity is also increasing in these few decades. Interestingly, there is a direct association between cancer and obesity. Each year, more than 90,000 cancer deaths are caused by obesity or overweight. The dietary pattern in Crete, referred as the traditional Mediterranean diet, is believed to confer Crete people the low mortality rates from cancers. Nevertheless, the antiobesity effect of the Mediterranean diet is less studied. Given the causal relationship between obesity and cancer, the antiobesity effect of traditional Mediterranean diet might contribute to its anticancer effects. In this regard, we will critically review the anticancer and antiobesity effects of this diet and its dietary factors. The possible mechanisms underlying these effects will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiu Yee Kwan
- a Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University , Kowloon Tong , Hong Kong , China
| | - Xiaojuan Chao
- a Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University , Kowloon Tong , Hong Kong , China
| | - Tao Su
- a Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University , Kowloon Tong , Hong Kong , China
| | - Xiuqiong Fu
- a Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University , Kowloon Tong , Hong Kong , China
| | - Anfernee Kai Wing Tse
- a Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University , Kowloon Tong , Hong Kong , China
| | - Wang Fun Fong
- a Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University , Kowloon Tong , Hong Kong , China
| | - Zhi-Ling Yu
- a Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University , Kowloon Tong , Hong Kong , China
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58
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Barrea L, Muscogiuri G, Macchia PE, Di Somma C, Falco A, Savanelli MC, Colao A, Savastano S. Mediterranean Diet and Phase Angle in a Sample of Adult Population: Results of a Pilot Study. Nutrients 2017; 9:E151. [PMID: 28218645 PMCID: PMC5331582 DOI: 10.3390/nu9020151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean diet is a healthy dietary pattern known to actively modulate the cell membrane properties. Phase angle (PhA) is a direct measure by Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) used as marker of cell membrane integrity. Both food behaviour and PhA are influenced by age, sex and body weight. The aim of this study was to cross-sectionally evaluate the association between the adherence to Mediterranean diet and PhA in 1013 healthy adult patients stratified according to sex, age, and body mass index (BMI). The adherence to the Mediterranean diet was evaluated using the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED) questionnaire. PhA was calculated by BIA phase-sensitive system (50 kHz BIA 101 RJL, Akern Bioresearch, Florence, Italy Akern). In both sexes, at ROC analysis a PREDIMED score ≥ 6 predicted a PhA beyond the median value. At the multivariate analysis, among PREDIMED score, age, and BMI, the PREDIMED score was the major determinant of PhA, explaining 44.5% and 47.3% of PhA variability, in males and females respectively (p < 0.001). A novel association was reported between the adherence to the Mediterranean diet and PhA, independently of sex, age, and body weight. This association uncovered a new potential benefit of the Mediterranean diet on health outcomes, as in both sexes higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet was associated to larger PhAs, as expression of cell membrane integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Barrea
- I.O.S. COLEMAN Srl, Acerra, 80011 Naples, Italy.
| | | | - Paolo Emidio Macchia
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | | | - Andrea Falco
- I.O.S. COLEMAN Srl, Acerra, 80011 Naples, Italy.
| | | | - Annamaria Colao
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Silvia Savastano
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.
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59
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Han TS, Correa E, Lean MEJ, Lee DM, O'Neill TW, Bartfai G, Forti G, Giwercman A, Kula K, Pendleton N, Punab M, Rutter MK, Vanderschueren D, Huhtaniemi IT, Wu FCW, Casanueva FF. Changes in prevalence of obesity and high waist circumference over four years across European regions: the European male ageing study (EMAS). Endocrine 2017; 55:456-469. [PMID: 27734258 PMCID: PMC5272876 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-016-1135-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Diversity in lifestyles and socioeconomic status among European populations, and recent socio-political and economic changes in transitional countries, may affect changes in adiposity. We aimed to determine whether change in the prevalence of obesity varies between the socio-politically transitional North-East European (Łódź, Poland; Szeged, Hungary; Tartu, Estonia), and the non-transitional Mediterranean (Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Florence, Italy) and North-West European (Leuven, Belgium; Malmö, Sweden; Manchester, UK) cities. This prospective observational cohort survey was performed between 2003 and 2005 at baseline and followed up between 2008 and 2010 of 3369 community-dwelling men aged 40-79 years. Main outcome measures in the present paper included waist circumference, body mass index and mid-upper arm muscle area. Baseline prevalence of waist circumference ≥ 102 cm and body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2, respectively, were 39.0, 29.5 % in North-East European cities, 32.4, 21.9 % in Mediterranean cities, and 30.0, 20.1 % in North-West European cities. After median 4.3 years, men living in cities from transitional countries had mean gains in waist circumference (1.1 cm) and body mass index (0.2 kg/m2), which were greater than men in cities from non-transitional countries (P = 0.005). North-East European cities had greater gains in waist circumference (1.5 cm) than in Mediterranean cities (P < 0.001). Over 4.3 years, the prevalence of waist circumference ≥ 102 cm had increased by 13.1 % in North-East European cities, 5.8 % in the Mediterranean cities, 10.0 % in North-West European cities. Odds ratios (95 % confidence intervals), adjusted for lifestyle factors, for developing waist circumference ≥ 102 cm, compared with men from Mediterranean cities, were 2.3 (1.5-3.5) in North-East European cities and 1.6 (1.1-2.4) in North-West European cities, and 1.6 (1.2-2.1) in men living in cities from transitional, compared with cities from non-transitional countries. These regional differences in increased prevalence of waist circumference ≥ 102 cm were more pronounced in men aged 60-79 years than in those aged 40-59 years. Overall there was an increase in the prevalence of obesity (body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2) over 4.3 years (between 5.3 and 6.1 %) with no significant regional differences at any age. Mid-upper arm muscle area declined during follow-up with the greatest decline among men from North-East European cities. In conclusion, increasing waist circumference is dissociated from change in body mass index and most rapid among men living in cities from transitional North-East European countries, presumably driven by economic and socio-political changes. Information on women would also be of value and it would be of interest to relate the changes in adiposity to dietary and other behavioural habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thang S Han
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Royal Holloway, Egham & Ashford and St Peter's NHS Foundation Trust, University of London (ICR2UL), Surrey, UK.
| | - Elon Correa
- School of Computing, Science and Engineering, University of Salford, Salford, UK
| | - Michael E J Lean
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - David M Lee
- Cathie Marsh Institute for Social Research, School of Social Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Terrence W O'Neill
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Epidemiology & NIHR Manchester Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - György Bartfai
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Andrology, Albert Szent-György Medical University, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gianni Forti
- Endocrinology Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Aleksander Giwercman
- Reproductive Medicine Centre, Skåne University Hospital, University of Lund, Lund, Sweden
| | - Krzysztof Kula
- Department of Andrology and Reproductive Endocrinology, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - Neil Pendleton
- Institute of Brain Behaviour and Mental Health, Salford Royal NHS Trust, University of Manchester, Salford, UK
| | - Margus Punab
- Andrology Unit, United Laboratories of Tartu University Clinics, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Martin K Rutter
- The Endocrinology and Diabetes Research Group, Institute of Human Development, Department of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Diabetes Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Dirk Vanderschueren
- Department of Andrology and Endocrinology, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ilpo T Huhtaniemi
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, UK
| | - Frederick C W Wu
- Andrology Research Unit, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Felipe F Casanueva
- Department of Medicine, CIBER de Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CB06/03), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS), Santiago de Compostela University, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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60
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Gardener SL, Rainey-Smith SR, Martins RN. Diet and Inflammation in Alzheimer's Disease and Related Chronic Diseases: A Review. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 50:301-34. [PMID: 26682690 DOI: 10.3233/jad-150765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is one of the pathological features of the neurodegenerative disease, Alzheimer's disease (AD). A number of additional disorders are likewise associated with a state of chronic inflammation, including obesity, cardiovascular disease, and type-2 diabetes, which are themselves risk factors for AD. Dietary components have been shown to modify the inflammatory process at several steps of the inflammatory pathway. This review aims to evaluate the published literature on the effect of consumption of pro- or anti-inflammatory dietary constituents on the severity of both AD pathology and related chronic diseases, concentrating on the dietary constituents of flavonoids, spices, and fats. Diet-based anti-inflammatory components could lead to the development of potent novel anti-inflammatory compounds for a range of diseases. However, further work is required to fully characterize the therapeutic potential of such compounds, including gaining an understanding of dose-dependent relationships and limiting factors to effectiveness. Nutritional interventions utilizing anti-inflammatory foods may prove to be a valuable asset in not only delaying or preventing the development of age-related neurodegenerative diseases such as AD, but also treating pre-existing conditions including type-2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L Gardener
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia.,Sir James McCusker Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit (Hollywood Private Hospital), Perth, Australia
| | - Stephanie R Rainey-Smith
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia.,Sir James McCusker Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit (Hollywood Private Hospital), Perth, Australia
| | - Ralph N Martins
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia.,Sir James McCusker Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit (Hollywood Private Hospital), Perth, Australia
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Jessri M, Lou WY, L'Abbé MR. The 2015 Dietary Guidelines for Americans is associated with a more nutrient-dense diet and a lower risk of obesity. Am J Clin Nutr 2016; 104:1378-1392. [PMID: 27680992 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.116.132647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary pattern analysis represents a departure from the traditional focus on single foods and nutrients and provides a comprehensive understanding of the role of the diet in chronic disease prevention and etiology. Dietary patterns of Canadians have not been evaluated comprehensively with the use of an updated a priori dietary quality index. OBJECTIVES We aimed to update the Dietary Guidelines for Americans Adherence Index (DGAI) on the basis of the 2015 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA), to evaluate the construct validity and reliability of the revised index, and to examine whether closer adherence to this index is associated with a lower risk of obesity with or without an accompanying chronic disease. DESIGN Data from 11,748 participants (≥18 y of age) in the cross-sectional Canadian Community Health Survey cycle 2.2 were used in weighted multivariate analyses. Multinomial logistic regression was used to test the association between diet quality and obesity risk. RESULTS With the use of principal component analyses, the multidimensionality of the 2015 DGAI was confirmed, and its reliability was shown with a high Cronbach's α = 0.75. Moving from the first to the fourth (healthiest) quartile of the 2015 DGAI score, there was a trend toward decreased energy (2492 ± 26 compared with 2403 ± 22 kcal, respectively; ±SE) and nutrients of concern (e.g., sodium), whereas intakes of beneficial nutrients increased (P-trend < 0.05). In the age- and sex-adjusted model, a lack of adherence to the 2015 DGA recommendations increased the OR of being unhealthy obese from 1.42 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.99) in quartile 3 to 2.08 (95% CI: 1.49, 2.90) in quartile 2 to 2.31 (95% CI: 1.65, 3.23) in the first quartile of the 2015 DGAI score, compared with the fourth quartile (healthiest) (P-trend < 0.0001). The odds of being obese without a chronic disease (healthy obese) and having a chronic disease without being obese also increased in the lowest DGAI quartile compared with the highest DGAI quartile, albeit not as much as in the unhealthy obese group. CONCLUSION The 2015 DGAI provides a valid and reliable measure of diet quality among Canadians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Jessri
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, and
| | - Wendy Y Lou
- Biostatistics Division, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mary R L'Abbé
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, and
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Salvia R, D'Amore S, Graziano G, Capobianco C, Sangineto M, Paparella D, de Bonfils P, Palasciano G, Vacca M. Short-term benefits of an unrestricted-calorie traditional Mediterranean diet, modified with a reduced consumption of carbohydrates at evening, in overweight-obese patients. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2016; 68:234-248. [PMID: 27615385 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2016.1228100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The Mediterranean diet (MeD) is believed to promote health; nevertheless, changes in the nutritional patterns in the Mediterranean area (increased intake of refined carbohydrates/saturated fats; reduced fibers intake; main calorie load shifted to dinner) led to reduced MeD benefits in recent decades. We retrospectively investigated the effects of a MeD with a low intake of refined carbohydrates in the evening ("MeDLowC") on body weight (BW) and metabolic profile of overweight/obese subjects. According to their adherence to MeDLowC, subjects were classified into 44 (41%) individuals with "excellent" adherence and 63 (59%) with "poor" adherence. Nutritional counseling induced an improvement in BW, glucose metabolism and liver transaminases in both groups, with an increased magnitude of these effects in the "Excellent" adherence group. "Excellent" adherence to MeDLowC improved insulin sensitivity and lipid metabolism. In conclusion, MeD with a restriction of carbohydrates in the evening significantly ameliorates obesity and associated metabolic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Salvia
- a Clinica Medica "Augusto Murri", University of Bari "Aldo Moro" , Bari , Italy.,b Dipartimento Interdisciplinare di Medicina , University of Bari "Aldo Moro" , Bari , Italy
| | - Simona D'Amore
- a Clinica Medica "Augusto Murri", University of Bari "Aldo Moro" , Bari , Italy.,c National Cancer Research Centre , IRCCS Istituto Oncologico Giovanni Paolo II , Bari , Italy
| | - Giusi Graziano
- c National Cancer Research Centre , IRCCS Istituto Oncologico Giovanni Paolo II , Bari , Italy
| | - Caterina Capobianco
- a Clinica Medica "Augusto Murri", University of Bari "Aldo Moro" , Bari , Italy
| | - Moris Sangineto
- b Dipartimento Interdisciplinare di Medicina , University of Bari "Aldo Moro" , Bari , Italy
| | - Domenico Paparella
- a Clinica Medica "Augusto Murri", University of Bari "Aldo Moro" , Bari , Italy
| | - Paola de Bonfils
- a Clinica Medica "Augusto Murri", University of Bari "Aldo Moro" , Bari , Italy
| | - Giuseppe Palasciano
- a Clinica Medica "Augusto Murri", University of Bari "Aldo Moro" , Bari , Italy
| | - Michele Vacca
- a Clinica Medica "Augusto Murri", University of Bari "Aldo Moro" , Bari , Italy.,b Dipartimento Interdisciplinare di Medicina , University of Bari "Aldo Moro" , Bari , Italy
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63
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Bahreini Esfahani N, Ganjali Dashti N, Ganjali Dashti M, Noorv MI, Koon PB, Talib RA, Lubis SH. Dietary Predictors of Overweight and Obesity in Iranian Adolescents. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2016; 18:e25569. [PMID: 28144452 PMCID: PMC5253209 DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.25569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Considering both diet and energy expenditures possess some influence on weight status, research into dietary determinants of obesity is challenging but essential to rational planning of well-organized interventions to avoid obesity. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine whether dietary factors were predictive of overweight and obesity in adolescents in the Iranian population. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 840 students, ages 15 - 17, from six schools were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. A diet-patterns approach often has been used to describe the eating patterns in adolescents. Height, weight, and waist circumference anthropometric indices, physical activity, waist hip ratio, and BMI measurements were determined. Daily dietary data and weighed food records were collected in 2010 and 2011. Abdominal obesity was defined according to world health organization guidelines, and the relationship between dietary predictor variables and the measures of adiposity were determined by using linear regression. Usual dietary intakes were assessed in an experimental study of Esfahani students. RESULTS In total, 38.5% of girls and 32.2% of boys had a Western dietary pattern as the more prevalent pattern. The diet quality of adolescents with the lowest score on each dietary pattern was compared with those recording the highest scores. Those with the Western dietary pattern score were less likely to exercise and had a higher prevalence of general obesity. Adolescents in the greater quartile of the Mediterranean dietary patterns had the lowest odds of being overweight (OR 0.50, 95%; CI 0.27 - 0.73) and obese (OR 0.48, 95%; CI 0.15 - 0.80) than those in the lower quartile, whereas those in the greater quartile of the Western dietary pattern had the highest odds of being overweight (OR 1.69, 95%; CI 1.10 - 2.04) and obese (OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.05 - 1.84). Higher consumption of a Western dietary pattern and a salty dietary pattern were associated significantly with obesity (P < 0.05). Intake of a Western dietary pattern and a salty-sweet dietary pattern were associated positively with measures of adiposity, namely body mass index and waist circumference. CONCLUSIONS This study showed significant associations between the seven dietary patterns and overweight and obesity among adolescents. Using dietary patterns within adolescents can provide important information on dietary consumption, and this approach is clearer and much easier to follow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimah Bahreini Esfahani
- Department of Community Nutrition, Food Security Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran
| | - Neda Ganjali Dashti
- Department of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Perak, Malaysia
| | | | - Mohd Ismail Noorv
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Poh Bee Koon
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ruzita Abd Talib
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Syarif Husin Lubis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Garcia-Pastor T, Salinero JJ, Sanz-Frias D, Pertusa G, Del Coso J. Body fat percentage is more associated with low physical fitness than with sedentarism and diet in male and female adolescents. Physiol Behav 2016; 165:166-72. [PMID: 27474415 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a multifactorial disease and our understanding of this disease is still incomplete. PURPOSE The aim of this investigation was to examine the associations between body fat percentage and physical fitness, diet and active/sedentary behaviors in female and male adolescents. METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out on a sample of 1389 Spanish adolescents (706 boys and 683 girls) aged between 14 and 17years. Individual body fat percentage was measured by means of bioelectrical impedance analysis and participants' physical fitness was determined by measuring cardiorespiratory fitness (20-m shuttle run test), muscular strength (handgrip dynamometry), muscular endurance (curl-up and 90° push up repetition tests) and muscular flexibility (sit-and-reach test). Daily physical activity, sedentary time and diet were estimated using validated and self-reported questionnaires. The participants were divided into quartiles based on their body fat percentage. RESULTS Boys and girls included in Q3 and Q4 presented lower values for cardiorespiratory fitness than Q1 (P<0.05). Boys and girls included in Q4 also presented lower values for muscular endurance than Q1 (P<0.05). Only boys in Q4 presented lower levels of physical activity than Q1 (P<0.05). Physical activity, physical fitness and diet can explain 30% of the variance for body fat percentage in boys and 17% in girls. CONCLUSIONS Female and male adolescents with a higher body fat percentage presented lower cardiorespiratory and muscular endurance fitness than leaner counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Garcia-Pastor
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Camilo José Cela University, C/Castillo de Alarcon, 49, Villafranca del Castillo 28692, Spain.
| | - Juan Jose Salinero
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Camilo José Cela University, C/Castillo de Alarcon, 49, Villafranca del Castillo 28692, Spain.
| | - Daniel Sanz-Frias
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Camilo José Cela University, C/Castillo de Alarcon, 49, Villafranca del Castillo 28692, Spain.
| | - German Pertusa
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Camilo José Cela University, C/Castillo de Alarcon, 49, Villafranca del Castillo 28692, Spain.
| | - Juan Del Coso
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Camilo José Cela University, C/Castillo de Alarcon, 49, Villafranca del Castillo 28692, Spain.
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Álvarez-Pérez J, Sánchez-Villegas A, Díaz-Benítez EM, Ruano-Rodríguez C, Corella D, Martínez-González MÁ, Estruch R, Salas-Salvadó J, Serra-Majem L. Influence of a Mediterranean Dietary Pattern on Body Fat Distribution: Results of the PREDIMED–Canarias Intervention Randomized Trial. J Am Coll Nutr 2016; 35:568-580. [PMID: 27314172 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2015.1102102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Alnasser A, Sathiaseelan A, Al-Khalifa A, Marais D. Development of 'Twazon': An Arabic App for Weight Loss. JMIR Res Protoc 2016; 5:e76. [PMID: 27185568 PMCID: PMC4886101 DOI: 10.2196/resprot.5497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Weight gain and its related illnesses have become a major public health issue across the world, with Saudi Arabia and other Gulf countries seeing dramatic increases in obesity and overweight, and yet there is very little information on how to intervene with this demographic due to cultural and linguistic barriers. As the use of smartphones and apps has also increased in the region, information communication technologies could be a cost-effective means of facilitating the delivery of behavior-modification interventions directly to the target population. Although there are existing apps that offer lifestyle-modification tools, they do not give consideration to the evidence-based practices for weight management. This offers an opportunity to create an Arabic language weight loss app that offers localized content and adheres to evidence-informed practices that are needed for effective weight loss. OBJECTIVE This paper describes the process of developing an Arabic weight loss app designed to facilitate the modification of key nutritional and physical activity behaviors among Saudi adults, while taking into consideration cultural norms. METHODS The development of the Twazon app involved: (1) reviewing all available Arabic weight loss apps and compared with evidence-based practices for weight loss, (2) conducting a qualitative study with overweight and obese Saudi women to ascertain their preferences, (3) selecting which behavioral change strategies and guidelines to be used in the app, (4) creating the Saudi Food Database, (5) deciding on graphic design for both iPhone operating system and Android platforms, including user interface, relational database, and programming code, and (6) testing the beta version of the app with health professionals and potential users. RESULTS The Twazon app took 23 months to develop and included the compilation of an original Saudi Food database. Eight subjects gave feedback regarding the content validity and usability of the app and its features during a pilot study. The predominant issue among the group was the lack of information explaining how to use the app. This has since been resolved through the implementation of a tutorial. No other changes were required to be made. CONCLUSIONS Information communication technologies, such as smartphone apps, may be an effective tool for facilitating the modification of unhealthy lifestyle habits in Saudi; however, consideration must be given to the target population, cultural norms, and changing trends in the global market. The effectiveness of the app will be better determined during a 6-month intervention with 200 overweight and obese Saudi women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aroub Alnasser
- Food Science and Nutrition, King Saud University, SA, Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen,, Food Science and Nutrition, Applied Health Sciences,, King Saud University, University of Aberdeen., Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Reynolds K, Wood J, Wang F, Zhou Z, Blanchard C, Strappe P. Extracts of common pulses demonstrate potent in vitro
anti-adipogenic properties. Int J Food Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.13102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Reynolds
- School of Biomedical Sciences; Charles Sturt University; Boorooma St Wagga Wagga NSW 2678 Australia
- Plant Industry; CSIRO; Clunies Ross Street Black Mountain ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Jenny Wood
- Department of Primary Industries; Tamworth Agricultural Institute; 4 Marsden Park Road Calala NSW 2340 Australia
| | - Fang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety; Ministry of Education; Tianjin University of Science and Technology; Tianjin 300457 China
| | - Zhongkai Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety; Ministry of Education; Tianjin University of Science and Technology; Tianjin 300457 China
| | - Christopher Blanchard
- School of Biomedical Sciences; Charles Sturt University; Boorooma St Wagga Wagga NSW 2678 Australia
- Australian Research Council Functional Grains Centre; Charles Sturt University; Boorooma St Wagga Wagga NSW 2678 Australia
| | - Padraig Strappe
- School of Biomedical Sciences; Charles Sturt University; Boorooma St Wagga Wagga NSW 2678 Australia
- Australian Research Council Functional Grains Centre; Charles Sturt University; Boorooma St Wagga Wagga NSW 2678 Australia
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68
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Al-Bachir M, Ahhmad H. Detecting overweight and obesity among young Syrian boys based on skinfold thickness. ANTHROPOLOGICAL REVIEW 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/anre-2016-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
There is no data on the prevalence of overweight and obesity in young Syrian boys. Therefore, the present study aimed to provide baseline and reference data on the prevalence of overweight and obesity among young Syrian boys using skin-fold thickness measurements and deuterium dilution (DD) as a reference method. The sample of 2470 healthy Syrian 18- to 19-year-old boys were enrolled in this study. SFTs were measured at the biceps (B), triceps (T), subscapular (SI) and suprailiac locations (SS) were done and validated using the DD technique as a reference method. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve was drawn to determine appropriate cut-off points of the Σ2 limb SFT (T+B), Σ2 trunk SFT (SI+SS), Σ4 SFT (T+B+SI+SS) and Log Σ4 SFT for defining overweight and obesity. The overall prevalence of overweight and obesity in young Syrian boys, based on biceps SFT, triceps SFT, subscapular SFT, suprailiac SFT, Σ2 limb SFT, Σ2 trunk SFT, Σ4 SFT, logarithm Σ4 SFT, and DDT were 35.3%, 32%, 31.6%, 14.8%, 32.9%, 26.6%, 28.1%, 24.1%, 46.5%, respectively. Strongly positive correlation was found between SFT and total body fat in adolescents. For diagnosing overweight on the basis of Σ2 limb SFT, Σ2 trunk SFT, Σ4 SFT and logarithm Σ4 SFT, we propose the following cut-off points: 17.25 mm, 23.50 mm, 39.25 mm and 1.60, respectively. To predict obesity, Σ2 limb SFT, Σ2 trunk SFT, Σ4 SFT and logarithm Σ4 SFT threshold were increased to 23.25 mm, 32.50 mm, 55.25 and 1.75, respectively. Basing on SFT clearly leads to underestimates of the prevalence of weight problems among young boys. SFT measurement screen missed 11.2 to 31.7% of overall overweight and obesity cases.
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Karfopoulou E, Brikou D, Mamalaki E, Bersimis F, Anastasiou CA, Hill JO, Yannakoulia M. Dietary patterns in weight loss maintenance: results from the MedWeight study. Eur J Nutr 2016; 56:991-1002. [PMID: 26744302 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-1147-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The dietary habits contributing to weight loss maintenance are not sufficiently understood. We studied weight loss maintainers in comparison with regainers, to identify the differentiating behaviors. METHODS The MedWeight study is a Greek registry of weight loss maintainers and regainers. Participants had intentionally lost ≥10 % of their weight and either had maintained this loss for over a year, or had regained weight. Questionnaires on demographics and lifestyle habits were completed online. Dietary assessment was carried out by two telephone 24-h recalls. RESULTS Present analysis focused on 361 participants (32 years old, 39 % men): 264 maintainers and 97 regainers. Energy and macronutrient intake did not differ by maintenance status (1770 ± 651 kcal in maintainers vs. 1845 ± 678 kcal in regainers, p = 0.338), although protein intake per kg of body weight was higher in maintainers (1.02 ± 0.39 vs. 0.83 ± 0.28 g/kg in regainers, p < 0.001). Physical activity energy expenditure was greater for maintainers in men (by 1380 kcal per week, p = 0.016), but not women. Salty snacks, alcohol and regular soda were more frequently consumed by men regainers. Principal component analysis identified a healthy dietary pattern featuring mainly unprocessed cereal, fruit, vegetables, olive oil and low-fat dairy. Male maintainers were 4.6 times more likely to follow this healthy pattern compared to regainers (OR 4.6, 95 % CI 2.0-11.0). No similar finding was revealed in women. Other characteristics of maintainers but not of regainers were: involvement in meal preparation and eating at home for men, and a higher eating frequency and slower eating rate for women. CONCLUSIONS Men maintaining weight loss were much more likely to adhere to a healthy eating pattern. Eating at home, involvement in meal preparation, higher eating frequency and slower eating rate were also associated with maintenance. These lifestyle habits of successful maintainers provide target behaviors to improve obesity treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Karfopoulou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, El. Venizelou 70, 17671, Athens, Greece
| | - Dora Brikou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, El. Venizelou 70, 17671, Athens, Greece
| | - Eirini Mamalaki
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, El. Venizelou 70, 17671, Athens, Greece
| | - Fragiskos Bersimis
- Department of Informatics and Telematics, Harokopio University, El. Venizelou 70, 17671, Athens, Greece
| | - Costas A Anastasiou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, El. Venizelou 70, 17671, Athens, Greece
| | - James O Hill
- Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, University of Colorado, 12348 E Montview Blvd, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Mary Yannakoulia
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, El. Venizelou 70, 17671, Athens, Greece.
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Sayer RD, Amankwaah AF, Tamer GG, Chen N, Wright AJ, Tregellas JR, Cornier MA, Kareken DA, Talavage TM, McCrory MA, Campbell WW. Effects of Dietary Protein and Fiber at Breakfast on Appetite, ad Libitum Energy Intake at Lunch, and Neural Responses to Visual Food Stimuli in Overweight Adults. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8010021. [PMID: 26742068 PMCID: PMC4728635 DOI: 10.3390/nu8010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing either protein or fiber at mealtimes has relatively modest effects on ingestive behavior. Whether protein and fiber have additive or interactive effects on ingestive behavior is not known. Fifteen overweight adults (5 female, 10 male; BMI: 27.1 ± 0.2 kg/m2; aged 26 ± 1 year) consumed four breakfast meals in a randomized crossover manner (normal protein (12 g) + normal fiber (2 g), normal protein (12 g) + high fiber (8 g), high protein (25 g) + normal fiber (2 g), high protein (25 g) + high fiber (8 g)). The amount of protein and fiber consumed at breakfast did not influence postprandial appetite or ad libitum energy intake at lunch. In the fasting-state, visual food stimuli elicited significant responses in the bilateral insula and amygdala and left orbitofrontal cortex. Contrary to our hypotheses, postprandial right insula responses were lower after consuming normal protein vs. high protein breakfasts. Postprandial responses in other a priori brain regions were not significantly influenced by protein or fiber intake at breakfast. In conclusion, these data do not support increasing dietary protein and fiber at breakfast as effective strategies for modulating neural reward processing and acute ingestive behavior in overweight adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Drew Sayer
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Akua F Amankwaah
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Gregory G Tamer
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Ningning Chen
- Department of Statistics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Amy J Wright
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Jason R Tregellas
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Marc-Andre Cornier
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - David A Kareken
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Thomas M Talavage
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Megan A McCrory
- Department of Nutrition, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
| | - Wayne W Campbell
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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Lifestyle Therapy as Medicine for the Treatment of Obesity. LIFESTYLE MEDICINE 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-24687-1_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Lockard B, Earnest CP, Oliver J, Goodenough C, Rasmussen C, Greenwood M, Kreider RB. Retrospective Analysis of Protein- and Carbohydrate-Focused Diets Combined with Exercise on Metabolic Syndrome Prevalence in Overweight and Obese Women. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2015; 14:228-37. [PMID: 26554616 DOI: 10.1089/met.2015.0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To examine the effect of protein-focused (PRO, 1.14 g/kg/day) and carbohydrate-focused (CHO, ∼2.2 g/kg/day) diets (∼1600 kcals) combined with 10 weeks of circuit exercise training in sedentary overweight/obese women (N = 661, age 46 ± 11 years) on metabolic syndrome (MetS). METHODS We retrospectively analyzed eight exercise training studies performed from 2002-2014. Primary (MetS), secondary (MetS z-scores and individual MetS components), and tertiary outcomes [body mass index (BMI) by WHO cut points] were analyzed using chi-square, GLM, and McNemar's tests. RESULTS Both groups experienced significant weight loss, improvements in fitness, and reductions in MetS prevalence from baseline to follow-up (PRO: 49% to 42%, CHO: 42% to 36%, both P < 0.01). MetS z-score improvement (∼66.5%) was similar for both groups with no significant between-group differences noted. There were also no significant differences for individual component features between groups for the following: waist circumference (-0.28 ± 0.02 vs. -0.28 ± 0.025 cm, P = 0.97), glucose (-0.07 ± 0.03 vs. -0.08 ± 0.04 mM, P = 0.87), triglycerides (-0.16 ± 0.04 vs. -0.09 ± 0.04 mM, P = 0.20), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (-0.21 ± 0.03 vs. -0.19 ± 0.04 mM, P = 0.68), and systolic BP (-0.16 ± 0.4 vs. -0.24 ± 0.05 mmHg, P = 0.26). Diastolic BP showed a minor advantage for the PRO group (-0.14 ± 0.05 vs. -0.30 ± 0.05 mmHg P = 0.02). When stratified by BMI, those with morbid obesity did not show a significant improvement in MetS while following a PRO-focused diet; however, caution is warranted given the exploratory nature of this analysis. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that a low-moderate calorie diet partitioned for CHO and PRO preference is equally effective when combined with a structured exercise program for reducing the prevalence of MetS prevalence in overweight/obese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittanie Lockard
- 1 Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas
| | - Conrad P Earnest
- 1 Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas
| | - Jonathan Oliver
- 2 Department of Kinesiology, Texas Christian University , Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Chelsea Goodenough
- 1 Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas
| | | | - Mike Greenwood
- 1 Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas
| | - Richard B Kreider
- 1 Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas
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Earnest CP, Church TS. Evaluation of a Voluntary Worksite Weight Loss Program on Metabolic Syndrome. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2015; 13:406-14. [DOI: 10.1089/met.2015.0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Conrad P. Earnest
- Exercise and Sport Nutrition Lab, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
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Dietary patterns are associated with excess weight and abdominal obesity in a cohort of young Brazilian adults. Eur J Nutr 2015; 55:2081-91. [PMID: 26318444 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-1022-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of the present study was to investigate whether dietary patterns are associated with excess weight and abdominal obesity among young adults (23-25 years). METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted on 2061 participants of a birth cohort from Ribeirão Preto, Brazil, started in 1978-1979. Twenty-seven subjects with caloric intake outside ±3 standard deviation range were excluded, leaving 2034 individuals. Excess weight was defined as body mass index (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m(2)), abdominal obesity as waist circumference (WC > 80 cm for women; >90 cm for men) and waist/hip ratio (WHR > 0.85 for women; >0.90 for men). Poisson regression with robust variance adjustment was used to estimate the prevalence ratio (PR) adjusted for socio-demographic and lifestyle variables. Four dietary patterns were identified by principal component analysis: healthy, traditional Brazilian, bar and energy dense. RESULTS In the adjusted analysis, the bar pattern was associated with a higher prevalence of excess weight (PR 1.46; 95 % CI 1.23-1.73) and abdominal obesity based on WHR (PR 2.19; 95 % CI 1.59-3.01). The energy-dense pattern was associated with a lower prevalence of excess weight (PR 0.73; 95 % CI 0.61-0.88). Men with greater adherence to the traditional Brazilian pattern showed a lower prevalence of excess weight (PR 0.65; 95 % CI 0.51-0.82), but no association was found for women. There was no association between the healthy pattern and excess weight/abdominal obesity. CONCLUSIONS In this sample, the bar pattern was associated with higher prevalences of excess weight and abdominal obesity, while the energy-dense (for both genders) and traditional Brazilian (only for men) patterns were associated with lower prevalences of excess weight.
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Abdullah MMH, Jones JPH, Jones PJH. Economic benefits of the Mediterranean-style diet consumption in Canada and the United States. Food Nutr Res 2015; 59:27541. [PMID: 26111965 PMCID: PMC4481044 DOI: 10.3402/fnr.v59.27541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 05/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Mediterranean-style diet (MedDiet) is an established healthy-eating behavior that has consistently been shown to favorably impact cardiovascular health, thus likely improving quality of life and reducing costs associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Data on the economic benefits of MedDiet intakes are, however, scarce. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to estimate the annual healthcare and societal cost savings that would accrue to the Canadian and American public, independently, as a result of a reduction in the incidence of CVD following adherence to a MedDiet. DESIGN A variation in cost-of-illness analysis entailing three stages of estimations was developed to 1) identify the proportion of individuals who are likely to adopt a MedDiet in North America, 2) assess the impact of the MedDiet intake on CVD incidence reduction, and 3) impute the potential savings in costs associated with healthcare and productivity following the estimated CVD reduction. To account for the uncertainty factor, a sensitivity analysis of four scenarios, including ideal, optimistic, pessimistic, and very-pessimistic assumptions, was implemented within each of these stages. RESULTS Significant improvements in CVD-related costs were evident with varying MedDiet adoption and CVD reduction rates. Specifically, CAD $41.9 million to 2.5 billion in Canada and US $1.0-62.8 billion in the United States were estimated to accrue as total annual savings in economic costs, given the 'very-pessimistic' through 'ideal' scenarios. CONCLUSIONS Closer adherence to dietary behaviors that are consistent with the principles of the MedDiet is expected to contribute to a reduction in the monetary burdens of CVD in Canada, the United States, and possibly other parts of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad M H Abdullah
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals (RCFFN), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Jason P H Jones
- Department of Agricultural Economics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Peter J H Jones
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals (RCFFN), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada;
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Mendez MA. Invited commentary: Dietary misreporting as a potential source of bias in diet-disease associations: future directions in nutritional epidemiology research. Am J Epidemiol 2015; 181:234-6. [PMID: 25656531 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwu306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Error and bias in self-reported intakes make estimating relationships among dietary factors, obesity, and related health outcomes a complex challenge in observational studies. In the absence of measures that can be applied in calibration adjustments of dietary data, simple methods to identify persons who misreport their intakes have been used to assess the impact of screening out reports characterized by energy intakes that are implausible when compared with estimated energy needs. Sensitivity analyses in cross-sectional studies have shown these methods to yield more plausible associations between diet and obesity, but few longitudinal studies have evaluated this approach. In this issue of the Journal, findings reported by Rhee et al. (Am J Epidemiol. 2015;181(4):237) underscore the need for caution in drawing conclusions on how self-reported diet may influence such outcomes based on cross-sectional associations but suggest that this approach might have little impact on the more credible associations derived from prospective analyses. However, other prospective studies have found that diet-disease relationships emerge or are substantially strengthened with the use of calibration adjustments using recovery biomarkers. To better understand the influence of diet on obesity-related health outcomes, efforts to reduce dietary measurement error through improved collection, evaluation, and analysis of consumption data are still urgently needed.
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Aljadani H, Patterson A, Sibbritt D, Collins CE. Diet Quality and Weight Change in Adults Over Time: A Systematic Review of Cohort Studies. Curr Nutr Rep 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13668-014-0115-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Molina-Montes E, Uzhova I, Molina-Portillo E, Huerta JM, Buckland G, Amiano P, Menéndez V, Barricarte A, González CA, Sánchez MJ. Adherence to the Spanish dietary guidelines and its association with obesity in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Granada study. Public Health Nutr 2014; 17:2425-35. [PMID: 24762818 PMCID: PMC10282431 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980014000688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Revised: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dietary guidelines are intended to prevent chronic diseases and obesity. The aim of the present study was to develop a diet quality index based on the Spanish Food Pyramid (SFP) and to further explore its association with obesity in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Granada study. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. The SFP score considered recommendations given for twelve food groups, and for physical activity and alcohol consumption. Obesity was defined as BMI over 30 kg/m2 and abdominal obesity as waist circumference larger than 102 cm (men) and 88 cm (women). Logistic regression was conducted to estimate odds ratios of obesity by quintiles and by 10-point increment in adherence to the score, controlling for potential confounders. SETTING EPIC-Granada study. SUBJECTS Participants (n 6717) aged 35-69 years (77 % women). RESULTS A 10-point increase in adherence to the SFP score was associated with a 14 % (OR=0·86; 95 % CI 0·79, 0·94) lower odds of obesity in men (P interaction by sex=0·02). The odds of abdominal obesity decreased globally by 12 % (OR=0·88; 95 % CI 0·84, 0·93) per 10-point increase in adherence to this score. The effect of higher adherence to the score on abdominal obesity was stronger in physically inactive men and women (ORper 10-point increase=0·79; 95 % CI 0·68, 0·92 and ORper 10-point increase=0·89; 95 % CI 0·84, 0·95, respectively). CONCLUSIONS These findings support that the Spanish dietary guidelines might be an effective tool for obesity prevention. However, prospective studies investigating this association are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Molina-Montes
- Andalusian School of Public Health, Granada Cancer Registry, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Granada.bs), Campus Universitario de Cartuja, Cuesta del Observatorio 4, E-18080 Granada, Spain
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Irina Uzhova
- Department of Bioscience and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elena Molina-Portillo
- Andalusian School of Public Health, Granada Cancer Registry, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Granada.bs), Campus Universitario de Cartuja, Cuesta del Observatorio 4, E-18080 Granada, Spain
| | - José-María Huerta
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Council, Murcia, Spain
| | - Genevieve Buckland
- Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pilar Amiano
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BioDonostia Research Institute, San Sebastián, Spain
| | | | - Aurelio Barricarte
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Public Health Institute of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carlos A González
- Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - María-José Sánchez
- Andalusian School of Public Health, Granada Cancer Registry, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Granada.bs), Campus Universitario de Cartuja, Cuesta del Observatorio 4, E-18080 Granada, Spain
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
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García-Fernández E, Rico-Cabanas L, Rosgaard N, Estruch R, Bach-Faig A. Mediterranean diet and cardiodiabesity: a review. Nutrients 2014; 6:3474-500. [PMID: 25192027 PMCID: PMC4179172 DOI: 10.3390/nu6093474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Revised: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiodiabesity has been used to define and describe the well-known relationship between type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), obesity, the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). The objective of this study was to perform a scientific literature review with a systematic search to examine all the cardiovascular risk factors combined and their relationship with adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) pattern as primary prevention against cardiodiabesity in a holistic approach. Research was conducted using the PubMed database including clinical trials, cross-sectional and prospective cohort studies. Thirty-seven studies were reviewed: fourteen related to obesity, ten to CVD, nine to MetS, and four to T2DM. Indeed 33 provided strong evidence on the association between adherence to a MedDiet and a reduced incidence of collective cardiodiabesity risk in epidemiological studies. This scientific evidence makes the MedDiet pattern very useful for preventive strategies directed at the general population and also highlights the need to consider all these diet-related risk factors and health outcomes together in daily primary care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ramón Estruch
- Mediterranean Diet Foundation, Barcelona 08021, Spain.
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Yannakoulia M, Aggelopoulou D, Skenderi K, Koinaki S, Yiannakouris N. A Mediterranean-like breakfast affects energy intake and appetite-related feelings. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2014; 65:899-902. [PMID: 25010358 DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2014.931359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Energy intake and appetite feelings after the consumption of two different types of breakfast, a high-fiber, traditional, Mediterranean-type breakfast and a low-fiber, Western-type breakfast were compared. Sixteen non-obese young men received the two treatments on separate days: the Mediterranean- and the Western-type breakfasts were isocaloric, similar in volume and macronutrient content, but different in fiber content. Following a 4-hour fast, subjects offered an ad libitum lunch. Food consumed and subjective feelings of hunger, fullness, and desire to eat were evaluated. Energy intake in the ad libitum lunch was significantly lower after the Mediterranean-type, compared to the Western-type breakfast, adjusting for previous day's energy intake (1488 ± 468 versus 1674 ± 416 kcal, respectively), whereas no energy compensation was made throughout the day. Furthermore, those who had the Mediterranean-type breakfast reported lower values in the desire to eat during study's course. These findings propose a fulfilling effect of a traditional, Mediterranean, high in fiber breakfast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Yannakoulia
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University , Athens , Greece
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García-Meseguer MJ, Burriel FC, García CV, Serrano-Urrea R. Adherence to Mediterranean diet in a Spanish university population. Appetite 2014; 78:156-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2014.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Mediterranean diet impact on changes in abdominal fat and 10-year incidence of abdominal obesity in a Spanish population. Br J Nutr 2014; 111:1481-7. [PMID: 24382017 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114513003966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Abdominal obesity is a strong predictor of metabolic disorders. Prospective data on the association between the Mediterranean diet and surrogate markers of abdominal adiposity are scarce. The present study evaluated the relationship between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and (1) changes in waist circumference (WC) and (2) 10-year incidence of abdominal obesity. We conducted a prospective, population-based study in 3058 male and female Spaniards aged 25-74 years, followed from 2000 to 2009. Dietary intake and leisure-time physical activity levels were recorded using validated questionnaires. Weight, height and WC were measured. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet, determined using the previously validated REGICOR-Mediterranean diet score (R-MDS), based on the distribution of population food intake and on the dietary recommendations (MDS-rec), was negatively associated with WC gain (P = 0.007 and 0.024, respectively) in fully adjusted models. In the multivariate logistic analysis, the odds of abdominal obesity incidence decreased across the tertiles of the R-MDS, but the association was not significant. In conclusion, adherence to the Mediterranean diet was associated with lower abdominal fat gain, but not with 10-year incidence of abdominal obesity.
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84
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Grosso G, Mistretta A, Frigiola A, Gruttadauria S, Biondi A, Basile F, Vitaglione P, D’Orazio N, Galvano F. Mediterranean Diet and Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Systematic Review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2013; 54:593-610. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2011.596955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Aljadani H, Patterson A, Sibbritt D, Collins C. The association between dietary patterns and weight change in adults over time: a systematic review of studies with follow up. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.11124/jbisrir-2013-714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Hu EA, Toledo E, Diez-Espino J, Estruch R, Corella D, Salas-Salvado J, Vinyoles E, Gomez-Gracia E, Aros F, Fiol M, Lapetra J, Serra-Majem L, Pintó X, Portillo MP, Lamuela-Raventos RM, Ros E, Sorli JV, Martinez-Gonzalez MA. Lifestyles and risk factors associated with adherence to the Mediterranean diet: a baseline assessment of the PREDIMED trial. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60166. [PMID: 23637743 PMCID: PMC3639284 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 02/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The traditional Mediterranean dietary pattern (MedDiet) is associated with longevity and low rates of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, there is little information on who is more likely to follow this food pattern. Aim To evaluate how different factors are associated with lower MedDiet adherence in older Spanish subjects. Methods We included 7305 participants (men aged 55–80 y, women 60–80 y) at high-risk of CVD recruited into the PREDIMED trial (ISRCTN35739639). Socioeconomic, anthropometric, lifestyle characteristics and CVD risk factors were recorded. A validated 14-item questionnaire was used to evaluate MedDiet adherence at baseline. Multivariate models were used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals for lower adherence to the MedDiet (<9 points out of 14) and ascertain factors independently associated with it. Results Former smoking (OR = 0.87; 95% CI, 0.78–0.98), physical activity (OR for the 3rd vs. the 1sttertile: 0.69; 0.62–0.78), and higher educational level (OR for university vs. less than primary school: 0.54; 0.38–0.77) were associated with higher MedDiet adherence. Conversely, having a larger waist-to-height ratio (OR for 0.1 units, 1.35; 1.22–1.49), being diabetic (OR = 1.13; 1.03–1.24), being single (OR = 1.27; 1.01–1.61) or divorced or separated (OR = 1.44; 1.09–1.89), and current smoking (OR = 1.28; 1.11–1.47) were associated with lower adherence. Conclusions Participants with little education, a larger waist-to-height ratio, or diabetes and those who were less physically active, single, divorced or separated, or smokers were less likely to adhere to the MedDiet, an ideal model for food choices. Stronger efforts of health promotion are needed in these groups to foster adoption of the MedDiet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A. Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Estefania Toledo
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine-Clinic, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
- RETIC RD06/0045, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spanish Government, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBER obn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spanish Government, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Javier Diez-Espino
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine-Clinic, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
- RETIC RD06/0045, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spanish Government, Madrid, Spain
- Primary Health Care Center of Tafalla-Osasunbidea, Tafalla, Navarra, Spain
| | - Ramon Estruch
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBER obn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spanish Government, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institut d’Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dolores Corella
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBER obn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spanish Government, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvado
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBER obn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spanish Government, Madrid, Spain
- Human Nutrition Department, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Ernest Vinyoles
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBER obn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spanish Government, Madrid, Spain
- La Mina Primary Care Center, University of Barcelona, Spain
- IDIAP JordiGol. Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enrique Gomez-Gracia
- RETIC RD06/0045, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spanish Government, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBER obn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spanish Government, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Fernando Aros
- RETIC RD06/0045, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spanish Government, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBER obn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spanish Government, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Alava, Vitoria, Spain
| | - Miquel Fiol
- RETIC RD06/0045, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spanish Government, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBER obn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spanish Government, Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Health Sciences IUNICS, University of Balearic Islands, and Hospital Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Jose Lapetra
- RETIC RD06/0045, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spanish Government, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBER obn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spanish Government, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Family Medicine, Primary Care Division of Sevilla, San Pablo Health Center, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Lluis Serra-Majem
- RETIC RD06/0045, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spanish Government, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBER obn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spanish Government, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Xavier Pintó
- RETIC RD06/0045, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spanish Government, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBER obn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spanish Government, Madrid, Spain
- Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Puy Portillo
- RETIC RD06/0045, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spanish Government, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBER obn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spanish Government, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque County (UPV/EHU), Vitoria, Spain
| | - Rosa M. Lamuela-Raventos
- RETIC RD06/0045, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spanish Government, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBER obn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spanish Government, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, XaRTA, INSA, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emilio Ros
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBER obn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spanish Government, Madrid, Spain
- Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d’Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose V. Sorli
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBER obn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spanish Government, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Martinez-Gonzalez
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine-Clinic, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
- RETIC RD06/0045, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spanish Government, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBER obn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spanish Government, Madrid, Spain
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Abstract
Background/Objectives Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MD) high in fruits, vegetables and monounsaturated fats, has been associated with lower body mass index. Associations with measured body fat, including regional adiposity, have not been previously investigated. We examined the associations between the alternate Mediterranean Diet Score (aMED), anthropometry and measured adiposity by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Subjects/Methods This study included 248 healthy females, aged 18–44 years from the BioCycle Study. Each woman’s aMED (range 0–9) was calculated from up to eight 24-hr dietary recalls over 1–2 menstrual cycles (>97% had ≥7 recalls). Multiple linear regression was used to determine whether aMED and its specific components were associated with total and regional adiposity after adjusting for age, race, education, physical activity and energy intake. Results Participants had an average (SD) aMED of 4.2 (1.7) and percent body fat of 29.5 (6.0)%. Significant inverse associations were found between aMED and all the examined adiposity measures except waist to hip ratio. Among the DXA measures, a 1-unit increment in aMED was associated with a 0.06 (95% CI:−0.09,−0.02) lower trunk-to-leg fat ratio (T/L), a measure of upper to lower body fat. In an analysis examining T/L as an outcome with the separate components of the aMED, T/L was lower with increased legume consumption (β=−0.280, 95% CI:−0.550,−0.010) but was higher with increased consumption of red and processed meat (β=0.060, 95% CI:0.002,0.117). Conclusions Adherence to the aMED was associated with lower total and regional adiposity, adding to the mounting evidence of the health benefits of the MD.
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Flynn MM, Reinert S, Schiff AR. A Six-Week Cooking Program of Plant-Based Recipes Improves Food Security, Body Weight, and Food Purchases for Food Pantry Clients. JOURNAL OF HUNGER & ENVIRONMENTAL NUTRITION 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/19320248.2012.758066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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89
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Changes in bread consumption and 4-year changes in adiposity in Spanish subjects at high cardiovascular risk. Br J Nutr 2012. [PMID: 23199451 DOI: 10.1017/s000711451200476x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The effects of bread consumption change over time on anthropometric measures have been scarcely studied. We analysed 2213 participants at high risk for CVD from the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED) trial to assess the association between changes in the consumption of bread and weight and waist circumference gain over time. Dietary habits were assessed with validated FFQ at baseline and repeatedly every year during 4 years of follow-up. Using multivariate models to adjust for covariates, long-term weight and waist circumference changes according to quartiles of change in energy-adjusted white and whole-grain bread consumption were calculated. The present results showed that over 4 years, participants in the highest quartile of change in white bread intake gained 0·76 kg more than those in the lowest quartile (P for trend = 0·003) and 1·28 cm more than those in the lowest quartile (P for trend < 0·001). No significant dose-response relationships were observed for change in whole-bread consumption and anthropometric measures. Gaining weight (>2 kg) and gaining waist circumference (>2 cm) during follow-up was not associated with increase in bread consumption, but participants in the highest quartile of changes in white bread intake had a reduction of 33 % in the odds of losing weight (>2 kg) and a reduction of 36 % in the odds of losing waist circumference (>2 cm). The present results suggest that reducing white bread, but not whole-grain bread consumption, within a Mediterranean-style food pattern setting is associated with lower gains in weight and abdominal fat.
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90
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Martínez-González MA, García-Arellano A, Toledo E, Salas-Salvadó J, Buil-Cosiales P, Corella D, Covas MI, Schröder H, Arós F, Gómez-Gracia E, Fiol M, Ruiz-Gutiérrez V, Lapetra J, Lamuela-Raventos RM, Serra-Majem L, Pintó X, Muñoz MA, Wärnberg J, Ros E, Estruch R. A 14-item Mediterranean diet assessment tool and obesity indexes among high-risk subjects: the PREDIMED trial. PLoS One 2012; 7:e43134. [PMID: 22905215 PMCID: PMC3419206 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0043134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 622] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Independently of total caloric intake, a better quality of the diet (for example, conformity to the Mediterranean diet) is associated with lower obesity risk. It is unclear whether a brief dietary assessment tool, instead of full-length comprehensive methods, can also capture this association. In addition to reduced costs, a brief tool has the interesting advantage of allowing immediate feedback to participants in interventional studies. Another relevant question is which individual items of such a brief tool are responsible for this association. We examined these associations using a 14-item tool of adherence to the Mediterranean diet as exposure and body mass index, waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) as outcomes. DESIGN Cross-sectional assessment of all participants in the "PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea" (PREDIMED) trial. SUBJECTS 7,447 participants (55-80 years, 57% women) free of cardiovascular disease, but with either type 2 diabetes or ≥ 3 cardiovascular risk factors. Trained dietitians used both a validated 14-item questionnaire and a full-length validated 137-item food frequency questionnaire to assess dietary habits. Trained nurses measured weight, height and waist circumference. RESULTS Strong inverse linear associations between the 14-item tool and all adiposity indexes were found. For a two-point increment in the 14-item score, the multivariable-adjusted differences in WHtR were -0.0066 (95% confidence interval, -0.0088 to -0.0049) for women and -0.0059 (-0.0079 to -0.0038) for men. The multivariable-adjusted odds ratio for a WHtR>0.6 in participants scoring ≥ 10 points versus ≤ 7 points was 0.68 (0.57 to 0.80) for women and 0.66 (0.54 to 0.80) for men. High consumption of nuts and low consumption of sweetened/carbonated beverages presented the strongest inverse associations with abdominal obesity. CONCLUSIONS A brief 14-item tool was able to capture a strong monotonic inverse association between adherence to a good quality dietary pattern (Mediterranean diet) and obesity indexes in a population of adults at high cardiovascular risk.
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91
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Bautista-Castaño I, Serra-Majem L. Relationship between bread consumption, body weight, and abdominal fat distribution: evidence from epidemiological studies. Nutr Rev 2012; 70:218-33. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2012.00454.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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92
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Travier N, Agudo A, May AM, Gonzalez C, Luan J, Wareham NJ, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, van den Berg SW, Slimani N, Rinaldi S, Clavel-Chapelon F, Boutron-Ruault MC, Palli D, Sieri S, Mattiello A, Tumino R, Vineis P, Norat T, Romaguera D, Rodriguez L, Sanchez MJ, Dorronsoro M, Barricarte A, Huerta JM, Key TJ, Orfanos P, Naska A, Trichopoulou A, Rohrmann S, Kaaks R, Bergmann MM, Boeing H, Hallmans G, Johansson I, Manjer J, Lindkvist B, Jakobsen MU, Overvad K, Tjonneland A, Halkjaer J, Lund E, Braaten T, Odysseos A, Riboli E, Peeters PH. Longitudinal changes in weight in relation to smoking cessation in participants of the EPIC-PANACEA study. Prev Med 2012; 54:183-92. [PMID: 21939684 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2011.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2011] [Revised: 08/30/2011] [Accepted: 09/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We assessed the association between smoking cessation and prospective weight change in the European population of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition-Physical Activity, Nutrition, Alcohol, Cessation of smoking, Eating out of home And obesity (EPIC-PANACEA) project. METHODS The study involved more than 300,000 healthy volunteers, recruited between 1992 and 2000 in 9 European countries, who provided data on anthropometry and smoking habits at baseline and after a follow-up of 5 years on average. Adjusted mixed-effects linear regression models were used to obtain sex-specific summary estimates of the association between the change in smoking status and the annual change in weight. RESULTS Smoking cessation tends to be followed by weight gain; when compared to stable smokers, annual weight gain was higher in men (0.44 kg (95%CI: 0.36; 0.52)) and women (0.46 kg (95%CI: 0.41; 0.52)) who stopped smoking during follow-up. When smokers who stopped smoking at least 1 year before recruitment were compared to never smokers, no major differences in annual weight gain were observed. The excess weight gain following smoking cessation appears to mainly occur in the first years following the cessation. CONCLUSIONS When considering the benefits of smoking cessation, such findings strengthen the need for promoting cessation offering information on weight gain control and support to weight-concerned smokers in order to remove a barrier to quitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noémie Travier
- Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain.
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93
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Lin PH, Wang Y, Grambow SC, Goggins W, Almirall D. Dietary saturated fat intake is negatively associated with weight maintenance among the PREMIER participants. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2012; 20:571-5. [PMID: 21331065 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2011.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Research finding on the composition of macronutrient intakes on body weight has not been consistent. Furthermore, little research has examined the impact of subcomponents of macronutrients such as saturated fat or plant protein on body weight. The purpose of this report was to examine the impact of saturated fat, animal and plant protein, and other macronutrient intakes at the end of an intensive intervention on subsequent follow-up body weight. This is a secondary, observational data analysis using data from PREMIER, an 18-month randomized clinical trial that enrolled a total of 810 participants. Participants completed group and individual sessions designed to help them improve blood pressure (BP) control by making lifestyle changes. Dietary intakes were assessed by two 24-h diet recalls at baseline, 6, and 18 months. Body weight and physical fitness were monitored regularly. Regression models were used to examine the impact of animal or plant protein and other macronutrient intakes on subsequent body weight. After controlling for potential confounders, none of the calorie-contributing nutrient intakes at baseline was associated with subsequent weight at 6 or 18 months. However, a greater intake of saturated fat at 6 months was associated with higher weight at 18 months (P = 0.002). A greater intake of plant protein at 6 month was marginally associated with lower absolute weight at 18 month (P = 0.069). We conclude that macronutrient intakes before the intervention were not associated with subsequent body weight at 6 or 18 months. However, a lower saturated fat intake achieved after 6-month intervention predicts a lower body weight at 18 months and thus greater weight-loss maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pao-Hwa Lin
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
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94
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Benítez-Arciniega AD, Gómez-Ulloa D, Vila A, Giralt L, Colprim D, Rovira Martori MA, Schröder H. Olive oil consumption, BMI, and risk of obesity in Spanish adults. Obes Facts 2012; 5:52-9. [PMID: 22433617 DOI: 10.1159/000336848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Olive oil is an energy-dense food frequently consumed in south European countries with increasingly high obesity prevalence. Evidence of the impact of olive oil consumption on BMI and the risk of obesity is limited. We analyzed this association taking into consideration the problem of energy underreporting. METHODS Cross-sectional data on 6,352 Spanish adults were analyzed. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Height and weight were measured. RESULTS Higher olive oil consumption was not associated with energy compensation in the overall diet. Olive oil consumption was positively associated (p < 0.004) with BMI in non-energy-adjusted multivariate linear regression models. Statistical significance of this association disappeared after controlling for energy intake in plausible energy intake reporters. The obesity risk increased for olive oil consumption of more than 2 tablespoons/day in both plausible energy intake reporters (odds ratio 1.30 (95% CI 1.01-1.70)) and energy intake underreporters (odds ratio 3.06 (95% CI 2.15-4.35)). This association was not significant after additional adjustment for energy intake (odds ratio 1.19 (95% CI 0.91-1.56)) in plausible energy intake reporters. CONCLUSION Olive oil intake did not affect BMI and the risk of obesity after adjustment for total energy intake in plausible energy intake reporters. The lack of energy intake compensation for olive oil consumption might explain the positive associations in models not adjusted for energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra D Benítez-Arciniega
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Research Program in Inflammatory and Cardiovascular Disorders, Institut de Recerca Hospital del Mar, Biomedical Research Park, Barcelona, Spain
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Abstract
This article reviews Western dietary attitudes and lifestyle choices by identifying the environmental, social and personal factors that determine said attitudes and choices. Environmental factors exert a major influence on, and complicate, dietary behavior, primarily by facilitating the consumption of meals away from home and by minimizing time dedicated to meal preparation and consumption. Social factors, from mass media to advertising and cultural traditions, also influence food intake, to an extent that is still underestimated. Ignorance of the real influence of environment and society on food choices could well blind consumers to the real significance of such choices. Accordingly, this review discusses differing aspects of emerging dietary trends and/or philosophies, and underlines their potentially harmful influence on health. Western countries are increasingly witnessing a dichotomy between the findings of nutritional science and the choices that dietary trends propose and impose. Coinciding with the obesity epidemic and the spread of other food-related diseases, this dichotomy calls for the development of effective preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Allegri
- Department of Applied Health Sciences, Human Nutrition Section, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Via Bassi 21, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
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96
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Tyrovolas S, Psaltopoulou T, Pounis G, Papairakleous N, Bountziouka V, Zeimbekis A, Gotsis E, Antonopoulou M, Metallinos G, Polychronopoulos E, Lionis C, Panagiotakos DB. Nutrient intake in relation to central and overall obesity status among elderly people living in the Mediterranean islands: the MEDIS study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2011; 21:438-445. [PMID: 20153615 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2009.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2009] [Revised: 09/02/2009] [Accepted: 10/26/2009] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The aim of the present work was to evaluate the relationship between energy-generating nutrients and the presence of central and overall obesity after correcting for socio-demographic, lifestyle and clinical characteristics, among healthy elders. METHODS AND RESULTS During 2005-2007, 553 elderly men and 637 elderly women (mean age 74±7years) from eight Mediterranean islands in Greece and Cyprus, were enrolled. The retrieved information included demographic, bio-clinical and dietary characteristics. MedDietScore assessed adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern. The prevalence of obesity was 27% in males and 39% in females (p<0.001), while 73% of males and 87% of females had central obesity. The prevalence of diabetes, hypercholesterolemia and hypertension was higher in the obese than in the non-obese participants (p<0.01). After adjusting for various confounders, a 1% increase in carbohydrate consumption was associated with a 12% (95% CI 0.78-0.99) lower likelihood of having central obesity, while a 1% increase in carbohydrate and protein consumption was associated with a 14% (95% CI 0.78-0.95) and 16% (95% CI 0.72-0.97) lower likelihood of being obese, respectively. Vegetable protein was found to be associated with a 15% (95% CI 0.77-0.93) lower likelihood of being obese while, only low glycemic index carbohydrates seem to be associated with a 6% (95% CI 0.90-0.98) lower likelihood of having central obesity. CONCLUSIONS The presented findings suggest that a diet high in carbohydrates and vegetable protein is associated with a lower likelihood of being obese and may help elderly people to preserve normal weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tyrovolas
- Department of Nutrition Science--Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
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97
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Scarmeas N, Luchsinger JA, Stern Y, Gu Y, He J, DeCarli C, Brown T, Brickman AM. Mediterranean diet and magnetic resonance imaging-assessed cerebrovascular disease. Ann Neurol 2011; 69:257-68. [PMID: 21387371 DOI: 10.1002/ana.22317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cerebrovascular disease is 1 of the possible mechanisms of the previously reported relationship between Mediterranean-type diet (MeDi) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). We sought to investigate the association between MeDi and MRI infarcts. METHODS High-resolution structural MRI was collected on 707 elderly 65 years or older community residents of New York with available dietary assessments administered an average of 5.8 years (3.22 standard deviations [SDs]) before the MRI. Participants were divided into 3 groups of adherence to MeDi (low, middle, and high tertiles). We examined the association of increasing adherence to MeDi with presence of infarcts on MRI. Models were run without adjustment, adjusted for basic demographic and clinical factors, and adjusted for vascular risk factors. RESULTS A total of 222 participants had at least 1 infarct. In the unadjusted model, compared to the low adherence group, those in the moderate MeDi adherence group had a 22% reduced odds of having an infarct (odds ratio [OR], 0.78; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.55-1.14), while participants in the highest MeDi adherence group had a 36% reduced odds (OR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.42-0.97; p for trend = 0.04). In adjusted models, the association between MeDi adherence and MRI infarcts remained essentially unchanged. The association of high MeDi adherence with infarcts was comparable to that of hypertension (40% reduced probability), did not vary by infarct size or after excluding patients with dementia (n = 46) or clinical strokes (n = 86). There was no association between MeDi and white matter hyperintensities. INTERPRETATION Higher adherence to the MeDi is associated with reduced cerebrovascular disease burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Scarmeas
- Taub Institute for Research in Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, USA.
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98
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Denova-Gutiérrez E, Castañón S, Talavera JO, Flores M, Macías N, Rodríguez-Ramírez S, Flores YN, Salmerón J. Dietary patterns are associated with different indexes of adiposity and obesity in an urban Mexican population. J Nutr 2011; 141:921-7. [PMID: 21451126 DOI: 10.3945/jn.110.132332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Our objective was to evaluate the relationships between dietary patterns and obesity, abdominal obesity, and high body fat proportion (measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; >25% in men and >35% in women) in an urban Mexican population. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis with the baseline data from 6070 men and women aged 20-70 y participating in the Health Workers Cohort Study, including information on participants' socio-demographic status and physical activity collected via self-administered questionnaires. Dietary intake was evaluated using a 116-item FFQ. Anthropometric measures were obtained using standardized procedures. We used factor analysis to identify 3 major dietary patterns: prudent, Westernized, and high animal protein/fat. We found that participants in the highest quintile of the prudent pattern were less likely to have high-body fat proportion (OR, 0.82; 95% CI: 0.70-0.98) and that participants in the highest quintile of the Westernized pattern had greater odds for obesity (OR, 1.46; 95% CI: 1.23-1.73), abdominal obesity (OR, 1.64; 95% CI: 1.37-1.96), and high-body fat proportion (OR, 1.17; 95% CI: 1.01-1.35). Additionally, participants in the upper quintile of the high-animal protein/-fat pattern had greater odds of being obese (OR, 1.23; 95% CI: 1.06-1.42). These results indicate that the dietary patterns of Mexican adults are associated with different levels of adiposity and obesity. Further prospective studies are required to confirm these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Denova-Gutiérrez
- Unidad de Investigación Epidemiológica y en Servicios de Salud, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Cuernavaca Morelos, México. CP 62000
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99
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Jennings A, Welch A, van Sluijs EMF, Griffin SJ, Cassidy A. Diet quality is independently associated with weight status in children aged 9-10 years. J Nutr 2011; 141:453-9. [PMID: 21270356 DOI: 10.3945/jn.110.131441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although energy imbalance is key to the development of childhood obesity, the association between different dietary components, reflected in diet quality scores, and children's weight status has not been extensively studied. The current study determined if diet quality, characterized according to 3 predefined scores, was associated with weight status in a population-based sample of 9- to 10-y-old British children, independently of factors previously associated with weight status. In a cross-sectional study of 1700 children (56% girls), data from 4-d food diaries were used to calculate 3 diet quality scores modified to be reflective of children's diets: the Diet Quality Index (DQI), Healthy Diet Indicator (HDI), and Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS). Physical activity was measured with 7-d accelerometery, and height, weight, waist, and bio-impedance were objectively measured and used to calculate weight status variables. After multiple adjustments, including physical activity and overall energy density, higher DQI and HDI scores were significantly associated with improved weight status. Comparing extreme quintiles of the scores revealed the DQI and HDI were associated with lower waist circumference (-3.0%, P = 0.005 and -2.5%, P = 0.033, respectively), and lower body fat (-5.1%, P = 0.023 and -4.9%, P = 0.026, respectively). The DQI was also associated with lower weight (-5.9%; P = 0.002) and BMI (-4.2%; P = 0.004). No significant associations were observed with the MDS. These findings suggest that diet quality is independently associated with children's weight status. Future work should consider if diet quality scores could be key components of interventions designed to reduce obesity in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Jennings
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK NR4 7TJ
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100
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Garaulet M, Sánchez-Moreno C, Smith CE, Lee YC, Nicolás F, Ordovás JM. Ghrelin, sleep reduction and evening preference: relationships to CLOCK 3111 T/C SNP and weight loss. PLoS One 2011; 6:e17435. [PMID: 21386998 PMCID: PMC3046145 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0017435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2010] [Accepted: 02/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Circadian Locomotor Output Cycles Kaput (CLOCK), an essential element of the positive regulatory arm in the human biological clock, is involved in metabolic regulation. The aim was to investigate the behavioral (sleep duration, eating patterns and chronobiological characteristics) and hormonal (plasma ghrelin and leptin concentrations) factors which could explain the previously reported association between the CLOCK 3111T/C SNP and weight loss. Methodology/Principal Findings We recruited 1495 overweight/obese subjects (BMI: 25–40 kg/m2) of 20–65 y. who attended outpatient obesity clinics in Murcia, in southeastern Spain. We detected an association between the CLOCK 3111T/C SNP and weight loss, which was particularly evident after 12–14 weeks of treatment (P = 0.038). Specifically, carriers of the minor C allele were more resistant to weight loss than TT individuals (Mean±SEM) (8.71±0.59 kg vs 10.4±0.57 kg) C and TT respectively. In addition, our data show that minor C allele carriers had: 1. shorter sleep duration Mean ± SEM (7.0±0.05 vs 7.3±0.05) C and TT respectively (P = 0.039), 2. higher plasma ghrelin concentrations Mean ± SEM (pg/ml) (1108±49 vs 976±47)(P = 0.034); 3. delayed breakfast time; 4. evening preference and 5. less compliance with a Mediterranean Diet pattern, as compared with TT homozygotes. Conclusions/Significance Sleep reduction, changes in ghrelin values, alterations of eating behaviors and evening preference that characterized CLOCK 3111C carriers could be affecting weight loss. Our results support the hypothesis that the influence of the CLOCK gene may extend to a broad range of variables linked with human behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Garaulet
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
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