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Gonçalves AC, Bento C, Silva B, Simões M, Silva LR. Nutrients, Bioactive Compounds and Bioactivity: The Health Benefits of Sweet Cherries (Prunus avium L.). CURRENT NUTRITION & FOOD SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1573401313666170925154707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Sweet cherries are one of the most appreciated fruits worldwide as well as
one of the great sources of several active substances, as phytochemical compounds (carotenoids, serotonin,
melatonin and phenolic compounds) as well as in nutritive compounds (sugars and organic acids).
Accumulating research demonstrate that their supplementation in our daily diet can contradict oxidative
stress, mitigating or even attenuating chronic diseases, as cancerous processes, antiinflammatory-
related disorders, diabetes, and neurological and cardiovascular pathologies. Therefore,
the aims of this review are to present an overview on the effects of sweet cherries as health promotors,
giving emphasis to the health benefits of their bioactive compounds, particularly their antimicrobial,
antioxidant, antidiabetic, anticancer, anti-neurodegeneration, anti-inflammatory and cardiovascular effects.
Methods:
Research and online content about sweet cherry fruits is reviewed. The information available
has been read several times to avoid inconsistencies. In addition, according what we read, original
figures were done and added to facilitate understanding and to enrich the paper.
Results:
In this review, a total of 202 original reports were used. In respect to health benefits, it is possible
to confirm by several studies that, in fact, the consumption of sweet cherries has positive impacts
in human health, owing to their wealthy and vast constitution, particularly in phenolic compounds,
vitamins and carotenoids whose health properties were already documented.
Conclusion:
The findings of this review support the evidence that sweet cherries can be applied in
pharmaceutical and food formulations, since they are able to diminish free radical species and proinflammatory
markers, preventing and/ or ameliorating oxidative-stress disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C. Gonçalves
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilha, Portugal
| | - Catarina Bento
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilha, Portugal
| | - Branca Silva
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilha, Portugal
| | - Manuel Simões
- LEPABE-Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís R. Silva
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilha, Portugal
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Assessment of Tryptophan, Tryptophan Ethylester, and Melatonin Derivatives in Red Wine by SPE-HPLC-FL and SPE-HPLC-MS Methods. Foods 2019; 8:foods8030099. [PMID: 30875821 PMCID: PMC6463071 DOI: 10.3390/foods8030099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin (MEL) is an indoleamine produced mainly by the pineal gland in vertebrates. It plays a significant role in the regulation of circadian rhythms, mitigation of sleeping disorders, and jet lag. This compound is synthetized from tryptophan (TRP) and it has been found in seeds, fruits, and fermented beverages, including wine. Wine is also a source of other tryptophan derivatives, the tryptophan ethylester (TEE) and MEL isomers (MISs), for which the biological properties need to be elucidated. An analytical method for the simultaneous quantification of TRP, TEE, and MEL was developed by a Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) of a preconcentration of wine followed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis either with fluorescence or mass spectrometer detectors. The analytical method showed a relative standard deviation (RSD) lower than 8%, except for TRP (RSD 10.5% in wine). The recovery was higher than 76%. The versatility of SPE preconcentrations allowed for the adequate preconcentration of wine sample as well as detection of low concentrations, an important aspect especially for MEL (detection limit 0.0023 µg/L). The proposed method proved to be suitable for assessing the investigated compounds in some red wine samples, where 74.4⁻256.2 µg/L and 0.038⁻0.063 µg/L of TEE and MEL were detected, respectively. Five MISs were also found in wine samples in concentrations up to 1.97 µg/L.
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Zhang Q, Liu X, Zhang Z, Liu N, Li D, Hu L. Melatonin Improved Waterlogging Tolerance in Alfalfa ( Medicago sativa) by Reprogramming Polyamine and Ethylene Metabolism. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:44. [PMID: 30774639 PMCID: PMC6367245 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin (MT), polyamines (PAs), and ethylene have been suggested to play key roles in plant growth and development in response to environmental abiotic stresses. However, the effect of melatonin on polyamine and ethylene metabolism under waterlogging stress has rarely been elucidated. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of melatonin pretreatment on waterlogging stress in alfalfa. The experiment was arranged into four treatment groups control with water pretreatment (CK-MT), control with melatonin pretreatment (CK+MT), waterlogging pretreated with water (WL-MT) and waterlogging pretreated with melatonin (WL+MT), with three replications. Six-week-old alfalfa seedlings were pretreated with 100 μM melatonin and exposed to waterlogging stress for 10 days. Plant growth rate, different physiological characteristics, and gene expression level were measured. Results showed that waterlogging induced melatonin accumulation, and melatonin pretreatment increased endogenous MT levels for the control and water-logged plants. Waterlogging stress caused a significant reduction in plant growth, chlorophyll content, photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) and net photosynthetic rate (Pn), while also causing increased leaf electrolyte leakage (EL) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Pretreatment with melatonin alleviated the waterlogging-induced damage and reduction in plant growth, chlorophyll content, Fv/Fm and Pn. Waterlogging stress significantly increased leaf polyamines (Put, Spd, Spm) and ethylene levels, and the increased PAs and ethylene levels are coupled with higher metabolic enzymes and gene expressions. While pretreatment with melatonin further increased Put, Spd and Spm levels, it also decreased ethylene levels under waterlogging, and those increased PAs levels or decreased ethylene levels are regulated by the metabolic enzymes and gene expressions. The results in this study provide more comprehensive insight into the physiological and molecular mechanisms of melatonin-improved waterlogging tolerance in alfalfa. Furthermore, they suggested that melatonin improved waterlogging tolerance in alfalfa at least partially by reprogramming ethylene and PA biosynthesis, attributable to the increased PAs and decreased ethylene levels, which leads to more enhanced membrane stability and photosynthesis as well as less leaf senescence caused by ethylene.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Longxing Hu
- Department of Pratacultural Sciences, College of Agriculture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
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54
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Zhang Q, Liu X, Zhang Z, Liu N, Li D, Hu L. Melatonin Improved Waterlogging Tolerance in Alfalfa ( Medicago sativa) by Reprogramming Polyamine and Ethylene Metabolism. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019. [PMID: 30774639 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin (MT), polyamines (PAs), and ethylene have been suggested to play key roles in plant growth and development in response to environmental abiotic stresses. However, the effect of melatonin on polyamine and ethylene metabolism under waterlogging stress has rarely been elucidated. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of melatonin pretreatment on waterlogging stress in alfalfa. The experiment was arranged into four treatment groups control with water pretreatment (CK-MT), control with melatonin pretreatment (CK+MT), waterlogging pretreated with water (WL-MT) and waterlogging pretreated with melatonin (WL+MT), with three replications. Six-week-old alfalfa seedlings were pretreated with 100 μM melatonin and exposed to waterlogging stress for 10 days. Plant growth rate, different physiological characteristics, and gene expression level were measured. Results showed that waterlogging induced melatonin accumulation, and melatonin pretreatment increased endogenous MT levels for the control and water-logged plants. Waterlogging stress caused a significant reduction in plant growth, chlorophyll content, photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) and net photosynthetic rate (Pn), while also causing increased leaf electrolyte leakage (EL) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Pretreatment with melatonin alleviated the waterlogging-induced damage and reduction in plant growth, chlorophyll content, Fv/Fm and Pn. Waterlogging stress significantly increased leaf polyamines (Put, Spd, Spm) and ethylene levels, and the increased PAs and ethylene levels are coupled with higher metabolic enzymes and gene expressions. While pretreatment with melatonin further increased Put, Spd and Spm levels, it also decreased ethylene levels under waterlogging, and those increased PAs levels or decreased ethylene levels are regulated by the metabolic enzymes and gene expressions. The results in this study provide more comprehensive insight into the physiological and molecular mechanisms of melatonin-improved waterlogging tolerance in alfalfa. Furthermore, they suggested that melatonin improved waterlogging tolerance in alfalfa at least partially by reprogramming ethylene and PA biosynthesis, attributable to the increased PAs and decreased ethylene levels, which leads to more enhanced membrane stability and photosynthesis as well as less leaf senescence caused by ethylene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- Department of Pratacultural Sciences, College of Agriculture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaofei Liu
- Department of Pratacultural Sciences, College of Agriculture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhifei Zhang
- Department of Pratacultural Sciences, College of Agriculture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Ningfang Liu
- Department of Pratacultural Sciences, College of Agriculture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Danzhu Li
- Department of Pratacultural Sciences, College of Agriculture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Longxing Hu
- Department of Pratacultural Sciences, College of Agriculture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
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Agathokleous E, Kitao M, Calabrese EJ. New insights into the role of melatonin in plants and animals. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 299:163-167. [PMID: 30553720 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin is a hormone produced in animals by the pineal gland and in plants under stress. Melatonin research has expanded rapidly, affecting an impressive enhancement in the understanding of its functions in plants and animals. However, far less focus has been directed to clarifying the nature of melatonin dose-response relationships. Here, we provide substantial evidence of melatonin-induced biphasic dose-response relationships from a series of independent studies involving plant and animal models. The characteristics of these dose responses are similar to those of the broad toxicological and pharmacological hormesis literature. Our analysis suggests that melatonin, in coordination with the circadian rhythms, is involved in stress adaptive responses, and may act as a conditioning agent protecting organisms against subsequent health threats within an hormetic framework. Incorporation of melatonin-induced hormesis in research protocols has the potential to enhance the treatment of neuropsychiatric diseases, cancers, and other animal diseases, as well as protection against environmental stress and to increase plant productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenios Agathokleous
- Hokkaido Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI), Forest Research and Management Organization, 7 Hitsujigaoka, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 062-8516, Japan; Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita 9 Nishi 9, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8589, Japan.
| | - Mitsutoshi Kitao
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita 9 Nishi 9, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8589, Japan.
| | - Edward J Calabrese
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Morrill I, N344, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
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Kleszczyński K, Bilska B, Stegemann A, Flis DJ, Ziolkowski W, Pyza E, Luger TA, Reiter RJ, Böhm M, Slominski AT. Melatonin and Its Metabolites Ameliorate UVR-Induced Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress in Human MNT-1 Melanoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123786. [PMID: 30487387 PMCID: PMC6320988 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin (Mel) is the major biologically active molecule secreted by the pineal gland. Mel and its metabolites, 6-hydroxymelatonin (6(OH)Mel) and 5-methoxytryptamine (5-MT), possess a variety of functions, including the scavenging of free radicals and the induction of protective or reparative mechanisms in the cell. Their amphiphilic character allows them to cross cellular membranes and reach subcellular organelles, including the mitochondria. Herein, the action of Mel, 6(OH)Mel, and 5-MT in human MNT-1 melanoma cells against ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation was investigated. The dose of 50 mJ/cm2 caused a significant reduction of cell viability up to 48%, while investigated compounds counteracted this deleterious effect. UVB exposure increased catalase activity and led to a simultaneous Ca++ influx (16%), while tested compounds prevented these disturbances. Additional analysis focused on mitochondrial respiration performed in isolated mitochondria from the liver of BALB/cJ mice where Mel, 6(OH)Mel, and 5-MT significantly enhanced the oxidative phosphorylation at the dose of 10−6 M with lower effects seen at 10−9 or 10−4 M. In conclusion, Mel, 6(OH)Mel and 5-MT protect MNT-1 cells, which express melatonin receptors (MT1 and MT2) against UVB-induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, including the uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Kleszczyński
- Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 58, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Bernadetta Bilska
- Department of Cell Biology and Imaging, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Agatha Stegemann
- Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 58, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Damian Jozef Flis
- Department of Bioenergetics and Nutrition, Gdańsk University of Physical Education and Sport, Górski Str. 1, 80-336 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Wieslaw Ziolkowski
- Department of Bioenergetics and Nutrition, Gdańsk University of Physical Education and Sport, Górski Str. 1, 80-336 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Elżbieta Pyza
- Department of Cell Biology and Imaging, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Thomas A Luger
- Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 58, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
| | - Markus Böhm
- Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 58, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Andrzej T Slominski
- Department of Dermatology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Service, VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL 35249, USA.
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Mukherjee S. Novel perspectives on the molecular crosstalk mechanisms of serotonin and melatonin in plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2018; 132:33-45. [PMID: 30172851 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Current review focuses on the significant role of serotonin and melatonin in various molecular crosstalk mechanisms in plants. In this context phytohormones (like auxin, gibberellins, ethylene or abscisic acid), plant growth regulators, and associated biomolecules like reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide, brassinosteroids and hydrogen sulphide have been discussed in a wider context. Long distance signaling responses of serotonin in association with auxin, jasmonic acid, salicylic acid and ABA have been critically reviewed. Auxin-serotonin crosstalk in relation to PIN protein functioning and root growth regulation appears to be a major advancement in the context of phytoserotonin signaling in plants. Auxin and serotonin share structural similarities which bring possibilities of auxin receptors being surrogated for serotonin transport in plants. The modulation of root apex architecture is highly regulative in terms of serotonin-jasmonic acid crosstalk. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) appears to be a primary mediator of serotonin mediated root growth response. Serotonin induced signaling therefore involve ROS, auxin, JA and ethylene action. Although there exists handful of critical reviews on the role of phytomelatonin in plants, recent advancements on its regulatory role in modulating plant hormones, ROS scavenging enzymes, ROS/RNS and glutathione levels need attention. Melatonin signaling associated with nitrogen metabolism and nitrosative stress are recent developments in plants. Interesting relationship between nitric oxide and melatonin has been established in relation with biotic and abiotic stress tolerance in plants. Developments in hydrogen sulphide-melatonin signaling in plants are still at its nascent stage but exhibits promising scopes for future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Mukherjee
- Department of Botany, Jangipur College, University of Kalyani, West Bengal, 742213, India.
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Castro-Diehl C, Wood AC, Redline S, Reid M, Johnson DA, Maras JE, Jacobs DR, Shea S, Crawford A, St-Onge MP. Mediterranean diet pattern and sleep duration and insomnia symptoms in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Sleep 2018; 41:5077799. [PMID: 30137563 PMCID: PMC6231522 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsy158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep duration and sleep quality are important predictors of risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). One potential link between sleep health and CVD is through lifestyle factors such as diet. To clarify the association between diet and sleep, we assessed the associations of sleep duration and insomnia symptoms with current Mediterranean-style diet (aMed) and with historical changes in aMed score. Actigraphy-measured sleep duration and self-reported insomnia symptoms categorized as insomnia with short sleep (<6 hr/night), insomnia without short sleep, no insomnia with short sleep, and no insomnia or short sleep were obtained from 2068 individuals who also had dietary intake data. A 10-point aMed score, derived from a self-report food frequency questionnaire, was collected concurrently with the sleep assessment and 10 years before. Compared with individuals who currently reported a low aMed score, those with a moderate-high aMed score were more likely to sleep 6-7 vs. <6 hr/night (p < 0.01) and less likely to report insomnia symptoms occurring with short sleep (vs. no insomnia or short sleep alone; p < 0.05). An increase in aMed score over the preceding 10 years was not associated with sleep duration or insomnia symptoms. However, compared with those with decreasing aMed score, individuals with an unchanging score reported fewer insomnia symptoms (p ≤ 0.01). These results suggest that a Mediterranean-style diet is associated with adequate sleep duration, less insomnia symptoms, and less likely to have insomnia accompanied by short sleep. Further research should identify possible mediators through which diet may promote adequate sleep duration and reduce the risk of insomnia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexis C Wood
- USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Susan Redline
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Michelle Reid
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Dayna A Johnson
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Janice E Maras
- Department of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA
| | - David R Jacobs
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, MN
| | - Steven Shea
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Allison Crawford
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY
| | - Marie-Pierre St-Onge
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY
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Bonomini F, Borsani E, Favero G, Rodella LF, Rezzani R. Dietary Melatonin Supplementation Could Be a Promising Preventing/Therapeutic Approach for a Variety of Liver Diseases. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10091135. [PMID: 30134592 PMCID: PMC6164189 DOI: 10.3390/nu10091135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the therapeutic strategies, the role of diet is a well-established factor that can also have an important role in liver diseases. Melatonin, identified in animals, has many antioxidant properties and it was after discovered also in plants, named phytomelatonin. These substances have a positive effect during aging and in pathological conditions too. In particular, it is important to underline that the amount of melatonin produced by pineal gland in human decreases during lifetime and its reduction in blood could be related to pathological conditions in which mitochondria and oxidative stress play a pivotal role. Moreover, it has been indicated that melatonin/phytomelatonin containing foods may provide dietary melatonin, so their ingestion through balanced diets could be sufficient to confer health benefits. In this review, the classification of liver diseases and an overview of the most important aspects of melatonin/phytomelatonin, concerning the differences among their synthesis, their presence in foods and their role in health and diseases, are summarized. The findings suggest that melatonin/phytomelatonin supplementation with diet should be considered important in preventing different disease settings, in particular in liver. Currently, more studies are needed to strengthen the potential beneficial effects of melatonin/phytomelatonin in liver diseases and to better clarify the molecular mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Bonomini
- Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
- Interdipartimental University Center of Research "Adaption and Regeneration of Tissues and Organs-(ARTO)", University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Elisa Borsani
- Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
- Interdipartimental University Center of Research "Adaption and Regeneration of Tissues and Organs-(ARTO)", University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Gaia Favero
- Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Luigi F Rodella
- Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
- Interdipartimental University Center of Research "Adaption and Regeneration of Tissues and Organs-(ARTO)", University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Rita Rezzani
- Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
- Interdipartimental University Center of Research "Adaption and Regeneration of Tissues and Organs-(ARTO)", University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
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Alghamdi BS. The neuroprotective role of melatonin in neurological disorders. J Neurosci Res 2018; 96:1136-1149. [PMID: 29498103 PMCID: PMC6001545 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin is a neurohormone secreted from the pineal gland and has a wide-ranging regulatory and neuroprotective role. It has been reported that melatonin level is disturbed in some neurological conditions such as stroke, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease, which indicates its involvement in the pathophysiology of these diseases. Its properties qualify it to be a promising potential therapeutic neuroprotective agent, with no side effects, for some neurological disorders. This review discusses and localizes the effect of melatonin in the pathophysiology of some diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. S. Alghamdi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of MedicineKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahKSA
- Neuroscience Unit, Faculty of MedicineKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahKSA
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62
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Song M, Park WS, Yoo J, Ham JS. The Potential of Melatonin for the Application in Dairy Products. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.22424/jmsb.2018.36.1.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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63
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Hamedi S, Forouzanfar F, Rakhshandeh H, Arian A. Hypnotic Effect of Portulaca oleracea on Pentobarbital-Induced Sleep in Mice. Curr Drug Discov Technol 2018. [PMID: 29521239 DOI: 10.2174/1570163815666180308142543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In Iranian Traditional Medicine, the herbs with cold and wet temperament can help to improve insomnia. Portulaca oleracea has a cold and wet temperament, so the present study was carried out to investigate the sleep-prolonging effect of Portulaca oleracea. METHODS This work was an experimental study on mice which were randomly divided into these groups: saline (control); Diazepam: positive control); hydro-alcoholic extract of Portulaca oleracea (12.5, 25, 50, 75 and 100 mg/kg) by Soxhlet apparatus and maceration; in the effective (dose25 mg/kg), different fractions of extract were tested. Ethyl acetate fraction (EAF:); N hexane fraction (n-HF); water fraction (WF). All the test compounds were injected intraperitoneally (IP) 30 minutes before pentobarbital administration (30 mg/kg). Duration and latency of pentobarbital-induced sleep were recorded. Also, LD50 of Portulaca oleracea extract was determined and the possible neurotoxicity of the extract was tested on neural PC12 cells. Besides, 30 min after administration of hydroalcoholic extract (HAE) motor coordination (rota-rod test) was assessed. RESULTS HAE increased the duration of pentobarbital-induced sleep at doses of 25, 50, 75 and 100 mg/kg. The hypnotic effect of HAE was comparable to that induced by diazepam. Similarly, WF, EAF, and NHF at 25 mg/kg could increase sleep duration. The sleep latency was decreased by HAE and NHF but not by WF and EAF. The LD50 value for HAE was found to be 4.8 g/Kg. HAE and its fractions did not show neurotoxic effect in cultured PC12-cell line, also HAE did not affect the animals performance on the rotarod test. CONCLUSION The present data demonstrated that Portulaca oleracea potentiates sleeping behaviors. The main components responsible for the hypnotic effects of this plant is most likely a non-polar agents which is found in NHF. Isolation of the active constituents may yield a novel sedative drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shokouhsadat Hamedi
- Department of Persian Pharmacy, School of Persian and Complementary Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Forouzanfar
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hassan Rakhshandeh
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirali Arian
- Animal Laboratory, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Teas and herbal infusions as sources of melatonin and other bioactive non-nutrient components. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2017.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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65
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Tan DX, Xu B, Zhou X, Reiter RJ. Pineal Calcification, Melatonin Production, Aging, Associated Health Consequences and Rejuvenation of the Pineal Gland. Molecules 2018; 23:E301. [PMID: 29385085 PMCID: PMC6017004 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23020301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The pineal gland is a unique organ that synthesizes melatonin as the signaling molecule of natural photoperiodic environment and as a potent neuronal protective antioxidant. An intact and functional pineal gland is necessary for preserving optimal human health. Unfortunately, this gland has the highest calcification rate among all organs and tissues of the human body. Pineal calcification jeopardizes melatonin's synthetic capacity and is associated with a variety of neuronal diseases. In the current review, we summarized the potential mechanisms of how this process may occur under pathological conditions or during aging. We hypothesized that pineal calcification is an active process and resembles in some respects of bone formation. The mesenchymal stem cells and melatonin participate in this process. Finally, we suggest that preservation of pineal health can be achieved by retarding its premature calcification or even rejuvenating the calcified gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dun Xian Tan
- Department of Cell Systems & Anatomy, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
| | - Bing Xu
- Department of Cell Systems & Anatomy, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
| | - Xinjia Zhou
- Department of Cell Systems & Anatomy, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems & Anatomy, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
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66
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The Potential of Phytomelatonin as a Nutraceutical. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23010238. [PMID: 29361780 PMCID: PMC6017233 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23010238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytomelatonin (plant melatonin) is chemically related to the amino acid tryptophan and has many diverse properties. Phytomelatonin is an interesting compound due to its outstanding actions at the cellular and physiological level, especially its protective effect in plants exposed to diverse stress situations, while its vegetable origin offers many opportunities because it is a natural compound. We present an overview of its origin, its action in plants in general (particularly in plant species with high levels of phytomelatonin), and its possibilities for use as a nutraceutical with particular attention paid to the beneficial effects that it may have in human health. The differences between synthetic melatonin and phytomelatonin, according to its origin and purity, are presented. Finally, the current market for phytomelatonin and its limits and potentials are discussed.
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67
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Erland LAE, Saxena PK, Murch SJ. Melatonin in plant signalling and behaviour. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2018; 45:58-69. [PMID: 32291021 DOI: 10.1071/fp16384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin is an indoleamine neurotransmitter that has recently become well established as an important multi-functional signalling molecule in plants. These signals have been found to induce several important physiological responses that may be interpreted as behaviours. The diverse processes in which melatonin has been implicated in plants have expanded far beyond the traditional roles for which it has been implicated in mammals, which include sleep, tropisms and reproduction. These functions, however, appear to also be important melatonin mediated processes in plants, though the mechanisms underlying these functions have yet to be fully elucidated. Mediation or redirection of plant physiological processes induced by melatonin can be summarised as a series of behaviours including, among others: herbivore defence, avoidance of undesirable circumstances or attraction to opportune conditions, problem solving and response to environmental stimulus. As the mechanisms of melatonin action are elucidated, its involvement in plant growth, development and behaviour is likely to expand beyond the aspects discussed in this review and hold promise for applications in diverse fundamental and applied plant sciences including conservation, cryopreservation, morphogenesis, industrial agriculture and natural health products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A E Erland
- Gosling Research Institute for Plant Preservation, Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road E, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Praveen K Saxena
- Gosling Research Institute for Plant Preservation, Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road E, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Susan J Murch
- Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, V1V 1V7, Canada
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68
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Wang Q, An B, Shi H, Luo H, He C. High Concentration of Melatonin Regulates Leaf Development by Suppressing Cell Proliferation and Endoreduplication in Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18050991. [PMID: 28475148 PMCID: PMC5454904 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18050991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 04/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine (Melatonin), as a crucial messenger in plants, functions in adjusting biological rhythms, stress tolerance, plant growth and development. Several studies have shown the retardation effect of exogenous melatonin treatment on plant growth and development. However, the in vivo role of melatonin in regulating plant leaf growth and the underlying mechanism are still unclear. In this study, we found that high concentration of melatonin suppressed leaf growth in Arabidopsis by reducing both cell size and cell number. Further kinetic analysis of the fifth leaves showed that melatonin remarkably inhibited cell division rate. Additionally, flow cytometic analysis indicated that melatonin negatively regulated endoreduplication during leaf development. Consistently, the expression analysis revealed that melatonin regulated the transcriptional levels of key genes of cell cycle and ribosome. Taken together, this study suggests that high concentration of melatonin negatively regulated the leaf growth and development in Arabidopsis, through modulation of endoreduplication and the transcripts of cell cycle and ribosomal key genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiannan Wang
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources and College of Biology, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Bang An
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources and College of Biology, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Haitao Shi
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources and College of Biology, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Hongli Luo
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources and College of Biology, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Chaozu He
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources and College of Biology, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
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69
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Favero G, Franceschetti L, Buffoli B, Moghadasian MH, Reiter RJ, Rodella LF, Rezzani R. Melatonin: Protection against age-related cardiac pathology. Ageing Res Rev 2017; 35:336-349. [PMID: 27884595 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a complex and progressive process that involves physiological and metabolic deterioration in every organ and system. Cardiovascular diseases are one of the most common causes of mortality and morbidity among elderly subjects worldwide. Most age-related cardiovascular disorders can be influenced by modifiable behaviours such as a healthy diet rich in fruit and vegetables, avoidance of smoking, increased physical activity and reduced stress. The role of diet in prevention of various disorders is a well-established factor, which has an even more important role in the geriatric population. Melatonin, an indoleamine with multiple actions including antioxidant properties, has been identified in a very large number of plant species, including edible plant products and medical herbs. Among products where melatonin has been identified include wine, olive oil, tomato, beer, and others. Interestingly, consumed melatonin in plant foods or melatonin supplementation may promote health benefits by virtue of its multiple properties and it may counteract pathological conditions also related to cardiovascular disorders, carcinogenesis, neurological diseases and aging. In the present review, we summarized melatonin effects against age-related cardiac alterations and abnormalities with a special focus on heart ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury and myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Favero
- Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Franceschetti
- Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Barbara Buffoli
- Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Mohammed H Moghadasian
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba and the Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Luigi F Rodella
- Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Rita Rezzani
- Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
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70
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Pshenichnyuk SA, Modelli A, Jones D, Lazneva EF, Komolov AS. Low-Energy Electron Interaction with Melatonin and Related Compounds. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:3965-3974. [PMID: 28394598 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b01408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The electron attaching properties and fragmentation of temporary negative ions of melatonin and its biosynthetic precursor tryptophan are studied in vacuo using dissociative electron attachment (DEA) spectroscopy. The experimental findings are interpreted in silico with the support of Hartree-Fock and density functional theory calculations of empty orbital energies and symmetries, and evaluation of the electron affinities of the indolic molecules under investigation. The only fragment anions formed by DEA to melatonin at incident electron energies below 2 eV are associated with the elimination of a hydrogen atom (energetically favored from the NH site of the pyrrole ring, leaving the ring intact) or a CH3· radical from the temporary molecular negative ion. Opening of the pyrrole ring of melatonin is not detected over the whole electron energy range of 0-14 eV. The DEA spectra of l- and d-tryptophan are almost identical under the present experimental conditions. The adiabatic electron affinity of melatonin is predicted to be -0.49 eV at the B3LYP/6-31+G(d) level, indicating that the DEA mechanism in melatonin is likely to be present in most life forms given the availability of low energy electrons in living systems in both plant and animal kingdoms. In particular, H atom donation usually associated with free-radical scavenging activity can be stimulated by electron attachment and N-H bond cleavage at electron energies around 1 eV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav A Pshenichnyuk
- Institute of Molecule and Crystal Physics, Ufa Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences , Prospeκt Oktyabrya 151, 450075 Ufa, Russia.,St. Petersburg State University , Universitetskaya nab. 7/9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alberto Modelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician″, Università di Bologna , via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy.,Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca in Scienze Ambientali , via S. Alberto 163, 48123 Ravenna, Italy
| | - Derek Jones
- ISOF, Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività , C.N.R., via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Eleonora F Lazneva
- St. Petersburg State University , Universitetskaya nab. 7/9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexei S Komolov
- St. Petersburg State University , Universitetskaya nab. 7/9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
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71
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Abstract
Melatonin has been proposed as a potent anti-oxidant, and its presence in many plants and foods has been suggested to be beneficial for health. Indeed, the concentrations of melatonin in blood and the melatonin metabolite 6 sulphatoxymelatonin in urine have been found to increase significantly after ingestion of melatonin-rich foods. In this review, the studies have been critically evaluated in light of the reported plant melatonin concentrations and our knowledge of pharmacokinetics of orally administered pure melatonin. In the case of studies involving measurement of plasma melatonin following ingestion of beer or fruits, the reported increase in melatonin is not consistent with the amount of melatonin ingested. Similarly, the amount of melatonin metabolite excreted following ingestion of melatonin-rich foods greatly exceeded the amount of melatonin ingested. It is concluded that studies reporting the appearance of melatonin in blood and its metabolites in urine following ingestion of melatonin-rich foods are flawed. While there may be health benefits for certain foods, it is difficult to accept that these are due to their low melatonin content.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Kennaway
- a School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health , Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide , Adelaide , South Australia , Australia
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72
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Sarafi E, Tsouvaltzis P, Chatzissavvidis C, Siomos A, Therios I. Melatonin and resveratrol reverse the toxic effect of high boron (B) and modulate biochemical parameters in pepper plants (Capsicum annuum L.). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2017; 112:173-182. [PMID: 28088019 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of this research were to test a possible involvement of melatonin (MEL) and resveratrol (RES) in restoring growth and to control boron (B) toxicity in peppers. The plants were subjected to four different nutrient solution treatments as following: 1) half-strength Hoagland's nutrient solution (Control), 2) half-strength Hoagland's nutrient solution+100 μM B (100 μMB), 3) half-strength Hoagland's nutrient solution+100 μM boron+100 μMresveratrol (100 μMRES), and 4) half-strength Hoagland's nutrient solution+100 μM B+1 μMmelatonin (1 μM MEL). Pepper plants subjected to B excess (100 μM) for 68 days (d) exhibited visible B toxicity symptoms, reduced rate of photosynthesis (Pn) and reduced dry weight (DW), while their leaf and fruit had the greatest increase of B concentration. The reduction of photosynthesis was restored, the reduction of DW was prevented, while the B leaf and fruit accumulation was moderated with the application of both 100 μMresveratrol (RES) and 1 μMmelatonin (MEL). Moreover, plants exposed to MEL and/or RES displayed no visible B toxicity symptoms. The present study revealed a novel role of MEL and/or RES in the adaptation of pepper plants to B excess based on plant growth, physiological and biochemical criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleana Sarafi
- Department of Horticulture, Aristotle University, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Pavlos Tsouvaltzis
- Department of Horticulture, Aristotle University, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Anastasios Siomos
- Department of Horticulture, Aristotle University, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis Therios
- Department of Horticulture, Aristotle University, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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73
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Ye T, Hao YH, Yu L, Shi H, Reiter RJ, Feng YQ. A Simple, Rapid Method for Determination of Melatonin in Plant Tissues by UPLC Coupled with High Resolution Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:64. [PMID: 28179912 PMCID: PMC5263157 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin (MLT) was involved in regulating various stages of plant growth and development. However, due to the low concentration and complex matrixes of plant, the analysis of MLT is a challenging task. In this study, we developed a rapid and efficient method with simplified sample preparation by employing UPLC coupled with a high resolution Orbitrap mass spectrometry, and stable isotope-labeled MLT (MLT-d4) was first used as internal standard in the developed analytical method. In the developed method, we used one-step liquid-liquid extraction to purify the crude extracts both from shoot and root of rice for the analysis, which remarkably simplify the sample preparation process. The method exhibits high specificity and recovery yield (>96.4%). Good linearities were obtained for MLT ranging from 0.01 to 20 ng/ mL with determination coefficient (R2) of 0.9991. The limit of detection for MLT was 0.03 pg. Reproducibility of the method was evaluated by intra-day and inter-day measurements and the results showed that relative standard deviations were less than 7.2%. Moreover, MLT quantification was accomplished by using only 100 mg fresh plant tissues. Additionally, the established method was successfully applied to investigate the spatiotemporal distributions of MLT in rice under cadmium (Cd) stress condition. We found that the content of MLT in shoot and root of rice increased under Cd stress, suggesting that MLT would play a crucial role in modulating the responses to Cd stress in different plant tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Ye
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine, Department of Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Wuhan UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Yan-Hong Hao
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine, Department of Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Wuhan UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Lei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine, Department of Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Wuhan UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Haitao Shi
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Hainan UniversityHaikou, China
| | - Russel J. Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San AntonioTX, USA
| | - Yu-Qi Feng
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine, Department of Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Wuhan UniversityWuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Yu-Qi Feng,
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KORKMAZ A, YAKUPOĞLU G, KÖKLÜ Ş, CUCİ Y, KOCAÇINAR F. Determining diurnal and seasonal changes in melatonin andtryptophan contents of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.). TURKISH JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2017; 41:356-366. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.3906/bot-1611-48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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2',3'-Cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase as a messenger of protection of the mitochondrial function during melatonin treatment in aging. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2016; 1859:94-103. [PMID: 27836641 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The process of aging is considered to be tightly related to mitochondrial dysfunction. One of the causes of aging is an increased sensitivity to the induction of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening in the inner membrane of mitochondria. Melatonin, a natural antioxidant, is a hormone produced by the pineal gland. The role of melatonin whose level decreases with aging is well understood. In the present study, we demonstrated that long-term treatment of aged rats with melatonin improved the functional state of mitochondria; thus, the Ca2+ capacity was enhanced and mitochondrial swelling was deaccelerated in mitochondria. Melatonin prevented mPTP and impaired the release of cytochrome c and 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase (CNPase) from mitochondria of both young and aged rats. Our data suggest that melatonin retains СNPase inside mitochondria, thereby providing the protection of the protein against deleterious effects of 2',3'-cAMP in aging.
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76
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Pelagio-Flores R, Ruiz-Herrera LF, López-Bucio J. Serotonin modulates Arabidopsis root growth via changes in reactive oxygen species and jasmonic acid-ethylene signaling. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2016; 158:92-105. [PMID: 26864878 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) is a bioactive indoleamine with neurotransmitter function in vertebrates, which represents an emerging signaling molecule in plants, playing key roles in the development and defense. In this study, the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and jasmonic acid (JA)-ethylene (Et) signaling in root developmental alterations induced by serotonin was investigated. An Arabidopsis thaliana mutant defective at the RADICAL-INDUCED CELL DEATH1 (RCD1) locus was resistant to paraquat-induced ROS accumulation in primary roots and showed decreased inhibition or root growth in response to serotonin. A suite of JA- and Et-related mutants including coronatine insensitive1, jasmonic acid resistant1 (jar1), etr1, ein2 and ein3 showed tolerance to serotonin in the inhibition of primary root growth and ROS redistribution within the root tip when compared with wild-type (WT) seedlings. Competence assays between serotonin and AgNO3 , a well-known blocker of Et action, showed that primary root growth in medium supplemented with serotonin was normalized by AgNO3 , whereas roots of eto3, an Et overproducer mutant, were oversensitive to serotonin. Comparison of ROS levels in WT, etr1, jar1 and rcd1 primary root tips using the ROS-specific probe 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate and confocal imaging showed that serotonin inhibition of primary root growth likely occurs independently of its conversion into melatonin. Our results provide compelling evidence that serotonin affects ROS distribution in roots, involving RCD1 and components of the JA-Et signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramón Pelagio-Flores
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo Edificio B3, Ciudad Universitaria, C. P. 58030, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - León Francisco Ruiz-Herrera
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo Edificio B3, Ciudad Universitaria, C. P. 58030, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - José López-Bucio
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo Edificio B3, Ciudad Universitaria, C. P. 58030, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
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77
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Tan DX, Hardeland R, Back K, Manchester LC, Alatorre-Jimenez MA, Reiter RJ. On the significance of an alternate pathway of melatonin synthesis via 5-methoxytryptamine: comparisons across species. J Pineal Res 2016; 61:27-40. [PMID: 27112772 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin is a phylogenetically ancient molecule. It is ubiquitously present in almost all organisms from primitive photosynthetic bacteria to humans. Its original primary function is presumable to be that of an antioxidant with other functions of this molecule having been acquired during evolution. The synthetic pathway of melatonin in vertebrates has been extensively studied. It is common knowledge that serotonin is acetylated to form N-acetylserotonin by arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT) or arylamine N-acetyltransferase (SNAT or NAT) and N-acetylserotonin is, subsequently, methylated to melatonin by N-acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase (ASMT; also known as hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase, HIOMT). This is referred to as a classic melatonin synthetic pathway. Based on new evidence, we feel that this classic melatonin pathway is not generally the prevailing route of melatonin production. An alternate pathway is known to exist, in which serotonin is first O-methylated to 5-methoxytryptamine (5-MT) and, thereafter, 5-MT is N-acetylated to melatonin. Here, we hypothesize that the alternate melatonin synthetic pathway may be more important in certain organisms and under certain conditions. Evidence strongly supports that this alternate pathway prevails in some plants, bacteria, and, perhaps, yeast and may also occur in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dun-Xian Tan
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Rüdiger Hardeland
- Johann Friedrich Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kyoungwhan Back
- Department of Biotechnology, Bioenergy Research Center, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Lucien C Manchester
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Moises A Alatorre-Jimenez
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
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78
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Motawi TK, Ahmed SA, Hamed MA, El-Maraghy SA, Aziz WM. Combination of melatonin and certain drugs for treatment of diabetic nephropathy in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats. Diabetol Int 2016; 7:413-424. [PMID: 30603294 DOI: 10.1007/s13340-016-0268-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy is a major complication of diabetes and a leading cause of end-stage renal failure in many developed countries. The study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of certain drugs and melatonin in the treatment of nephropathy secondary to diabetes. Diabetes was induced in rats by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg body weight). Three days after induction of diabetes (460-500 mg/dl), rats were treated daily for 60 days with Rowatinex, melatonin, Rowatinex + melatonin, Amosar (Losartan Potassium) (LSP) and LSP + melatonin. The evaluations were made by measuring blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum uric acid, serum creatinine, urine creatinine, creatinine clearance, nitric oxide, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, glutathione, total antioxidant capacity, kidney injury molecule-1, heat shock protein-70, caspase-3, transforming growth factor β1, and DNA degradation by comet assay and total protein contents. The histopathological picture of the kidneys and pancreases was confirmed in our results. Diabetic rats showed drastic changes in all the measured parameters. Treatment with melatonin and the selected drugs revealed amelioration levels with variable degrees. In conclusion, the combination of LSP and melatonin had the most potent effect on treating the deleterious action of diabetes on rat kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek K Motawi
- 1Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samia A Ahmed
- 2Therapeutic Chemistry Department, National Research Centre (ID: 60014618), 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Manal A Hamed
- 2Therapeutic Chemistry Department, National Research Centre (ID: 60014618), 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shohda A El-Maraghy
- 1Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Wessam M Aziz
- 2Therapeutic Chemistry Department, National Research Centre (ID: 60014618), 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
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Savvides A, Ali S, Tester M, Fotopoulos V. Chemical Priming of Plants Against Multiple Abiotic Stresses: Mission Possible? TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 21:329-340. [PMID: 26704665 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Crop plants are subjected to multiple abiotic stresses during their lifespan that greatly reduce productivity and threaten global food security. Recent research suggests that plants can be primed by chemical compounds to better tolerate different abiotic stresses. Chemical priming is a promising field in plant stress physiology and crop stress management. We review here promising chemical agents such as sodium nitroprusside, hydrogen peroxide, sodium hydrosulfide, melatonin, and polyamines that can potentially confer enhanced tolerance when plants are exposed to multiple abiotic stresses. The challenges and opportunities of chemical priming are addressed, with the aim to boost future research towards effective application in crop stress management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Savvides
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, 3603 Lemesos, Cyprus; Agrisearch Innovations Ltd, 2108 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Shawkat Ali
- Center for Desert Agriculture, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mark Tester
- Center for Desert Agriculture, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vasileios Fotopoulos
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, 3603 Lemesos, Cyprus.
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80
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Basheer M, Rai S. Melatonin vs. phytomelatonin: Therapeutic uses with special reference to polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/23312025.2015.1136257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Muddasir Basheer
- Department of Zoology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Koni, Bilaspur 495009, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Seema Rai
- Department of Zoology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Koni, Bilaspur 495009, Chhattisgarh, India
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81
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Cerezo AB, Leal Á, Álvarez-Fernández MA, Hornedo-Ortega R, Troncoso AM, García-Parrilla MC. Quality control and determination of melatonin in food supplements. J Food Compost Anal 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2015.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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82
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Kim M, Seo H, Park C, Park WJ. Examination of the auxin hypothesis of phytomelatonin action in classical auxin assay systems in maize. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 190:67-71. [PMID: 26681269 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2015.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin has been found in a wide range of plant groups. Its physiological roles have been suggested to be diverse in stress protection and plant growth regulation. An attractive hypothesis is that phytomelatonin acts as an auxin to regulate plant development. However, the auxin hypothesis is controversial, since both supporting and contradictory evidence has been reported. We systematically investigated whether melatonin fulfilled the definition for auxin in maize (Zea mays). Melatonin did not affect coleoptile elongation, root growth or ACC synthase gene expression, contrary to 10(-5)M IAA in our assay system. The auxin hypothesis of phytomelatonin action is not supported in maize, because melatonin appeared inactive in all of the auxin activity tests. On the other hand, melatonin was active in the protection of maize growth against salt stress, suggesting its importance in another context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjae Kim
- Department of Molecular Biology & Institute of Nanosensor and Biotechnology, Dankook University, Yongin-si 448-701, South Korea
| | - Hyesu Seo
- Department of Molecular Biology & Institute of Nanosensor and Biotechnology, Dankook University, Yongin-si 448-701, South Korea
| | - Chanwoo Park
- Department of Molecular Biology & Institute of Nanosensor and Biotechnology, Dankook University, Yongin-si 448-701, South Korea
| | - Woong June Park
- Department of Molecular Biology & Institute of Nanosensor and Biotechnology, Dankook University, Yongin-si 448-701, South Korea.
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83
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Marta B, Szafrańska K, Posmyk MM. Exogenous Melatonin Improves Antioxidant Defense in Cucumber Seeds (Cucumis sativus L.) Germinated under Chilling Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:575. [PMID: 27200048 PMCID: PMC4848318 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between exogenous melatonin applied into cucumber seeds during osmopriming and modifications of their antioxidant defense was studied. Accumulation of hydrogen peroxide, antioxidant enzyme activities and glutathione pool were investigated in embryonic axes isolated from the control, osmoprimed, and osmoprimed with melatonin seeds. Germinating cucumber seeds are very sensitive to chilling. Temperature 10°C causes oxidative stress in young seedlings. Seed pre-treatment with melatonin seemed to limit H2O2 accumulation during germination under optimal condition as well as during chilling stress and recovery period. Melatonin affected superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and its isoforms during stress and recovery period but did not influence CAT and POX activities. Thus it is possible that in cucumber this indoleamine could act mostly as a direct H2O2 scavenger, but superoxide anion combat via SOD stimulation. The GSH/GSSG ratio is considered as an indirect determinant of oxidative stress. When the cells are exposed to oxidative stress GSSG is accumulated and the ratio of GSH to GSSG decreases. In our research pre-sowing melatonin application into the cucumber seeds caused high beneficial value of GSH/GSSG ratio that could be helpful for stress countering. Glutathione reductase (GSSG-R) activity in the axes isolated from these seeds was two fold higher than in those isolated from the control and from the osmoprimed without melatonin ones. Additional isoforms of GSSG-R in melatonin treated seeds were also observed. It explains high and effective GSH pool restoration in the seeds pre-treated with melatonin. We confirmed that melatonin could protect cucumber seeds and young seedlings against oxidative stress directly and indirectly detoxifying ROS, thereby plants grown better even in harmful environmental conditions. This work is the first that investigated on plant in vivo model and documented melatonin influence on redox state during seed germination. This way we try to fill lack of information about melatonin-regulated pathways involved in antioxidant strategy of plant defense.
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84
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Hardeland R. Melatonin in Plants - Diversity of Levels and Multiplicity of Functions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:198. [PMID: 26925091 PMCID: PMC4759497 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin has been detected in numerous plant species. A particularly surprising finding concerns the highly divergent levels of melatonin that vary between species, organs and environmental conditions, from a few pg/g to over 20 μg/g, reportedly up to 200 μg/g. Highest values have been determined in oily seeds and in plant organs exposed to high UV radiation. The divergency of melatonin concentrations is discussed under various functional aspects and focused on several open questions. This comprises differences in precursor availability, catabolism, the relative contribution of isoenzymes of the melatonin biosynthetic pathway, and differences in rate limitation by either serotonin N-acetyltransferase or N-acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase. Other differences are related to the remarkable pleiotropy of melatonin, which exhibits properties as a growth regulator and morphogenetic factor, actually debated in terms of auxin-like effects, and as a signaling molecule that modulates pathways of ethylene, abscisic, jasmonic and salicylic acids and is involved in stress tolerance, pathogen defense and delay of senescence. In the context of high light/UV intensities, elevated melatonin levels exceed those required for signaling via stress-related phytohormones and may comprise direct antioxidant and photoprotectant properties, perhaps with a contribution of its oxidatively formed metabolites, such as N (1)-acetyl-N (2)-formyl-5-methoxykynuramine and its secondary products. High melatonin levels in seeds may also serve antioxidative protection and have been shown to promote seed viability and germination capacity.
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85
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Yuan S, Huang Y, Liu S, Guan C, Cui X, Tian D, Zhang Y, Yang F. RNA-seq Analysis of Overexpressing Ovine AANAT Gene of Melatonin Biosynthesis in Switchgrass. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1289. [PMID: 27656186 PMCID: PMC5026198 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin serves important functions in the promotion of growth and anti-stress regulation by efficient radical scavenging and regulation of antioxidant enzyme activity in various plants. To investigate its regulatory roles and metabolism pathways, the transcriptomic profile of overexpressing the ovine arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (oAANAT) gene, encoding the penultimate enzyme in melatonin biosynthesis, was compared with empty vector control using RNA-seq in switchgrass, a model plant of cellulosic ethanol conversion. The 85.22 million high quality reads that were assembled into 135,684 unigenes were generated by Illumina sequencing for transgenic oAANAT switchgrass with an average sequence length of 716 bp. A total of 946 differentially expression genes in transgenic line comparing to control switchgrass, including 737 up-regulated and 209 down-regulated genes, were mainly enriched with two main functional patterns of melatonin identifying by gene ontology analysis: the growth regulator and stress tolerance. Furthermore, KEGG maps indicated that the biosynthetic pathways of secondary metabolite (phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, steroids, stilbenoid, diarylheptanoid, and gingerol) and signaling pathways (MAPK signaling pathway, estrogen signaling pathway) were involved in melatonin metabolism. This study substantially expands the transcriptome information for switchgrass and provides valuable clues for identifying candidate genes involved in melatonin biosynthesis and elucidating the mechanism of melatonin metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Yuan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Yanhua Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
- College of Agriculture, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Sijia Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Cong Guan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Xin Cui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Danyang Tian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Yunwei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Grassland Science, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
- National Energy R&D Center for BiomassBeijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yunwei Zhang, Fuyu Yang,
| | - Fuyu Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
- Beijing Sure Academy of BiosciencesBeijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yunwei Zhang, Fuyu Yang,
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86
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Hu W, Kong H, Guo Y, Zhang Y, Ding Z, Tie W, Yan Y, Huang Q, Peng M, Shi H, Guo A. Comparative Physiological and Transcriptomic Analyses Reveal the Actions of Melatonin in the Delay of Postharvest Physiological Deterioration of Cassava. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:736. [PMID: 27303428 PMCID: PMC4882330 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin plays important roles in various aspects of biological processes. However, it is less known on the effects and mechanism of melatonin on the postharvest physiological deterioration (PPD) process of cassava, which largely restricts the potential of cassava as a food and industrial crop. In this study, we found that exogenous application of melatonin significantly delayed PPD of cassava tuberous roots by reducing H2O2 content and improving activities of catalase and peroxidase. Moreover, 3425 differentially expressed genes by melatonin during the PPD process were identified by transcriptomic analysis. Several pathways were markedly affected by melatonin treatments, including metabolic-, ion homeostasis-, and enzyme activity-related processes. Further detailed analysis revealed that melatonin acted through activation of ROS-scavenging and ROS signal transduction pathways, including antioxidant enzymes, calcium signaling, MAPK cascades, and transcription factors at early stages. Notably, the starch degradation pathway was also activated at early stages, whereas it was repressed by melatonin at middle and late stages, thereby indicating its regulatory role in starch metabolism during PPD. Taken together, this study yields new insights into the effect and underlying mechanism of melatonin on the delay of PPD and provides a good strategy for extending shelf life and improvement of cassava tuberous roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural SciencesHaikou, China
| | - Hua Kong
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural SciencesHaikou, China
| | - Yunling Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural SciencesHaikou, China
| | - Yuliang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural SciencesHaikou, China
| | - Zehong Ding
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural SciencesHaikou, China
| | - Weiwei Tie
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural SciencesHaikou, China
| | - Yan Yan
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural SciencesHaikou, China
| | - Qixing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural SciencesHaikou, China
| | - Ming Peng
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural SciencesHaikou, China
| | - Haitao Shi
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Hainan UniversityHaikou, China
- *Correspondence: Haitao Shi, ; Anping Guo,
| | - Anping Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural SciencesHaikou, China
- *Correspondence: Haitao Shi, ; Anping Guo,
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87
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Solid phase extraction/cyclodextrin-modified micellar electrokinetic chromatography for the analysis of melatonin and related indole compounds in plants. Microchem J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2015.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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88
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Wang D, Wei Y, Wang T, Wan X, Yang CS, Reiter RJ, Zhang J. Melatonin attenuates (-)-epigallocatehin-3-gallate-triggered hepatotoxicity without compromising its downregulation of hepatic gluconeogenic and lipogenic genes in mice. J Pineal Res 2015; 59:497-507. [PMID: 26426126 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
(-)-Epigallocatehin-3-gallate (EGCG), a major constituent of green tea, can ameliorate metabolic syndrome at least in part through reducing gluconeogenesis and lipogenesis. Green tea extracts, of which EGCG is a key constituent, have been used for weight loss in humans. A potential adverse effect of high-dose EGCG or green tea extracts is hepatotoxicity. Melatonin, an endogenous antioxidant with a high safety profile, is effective in preventing various types of tissue damage. The current study investigated the influence of melatonin on EGCG-triggered hepatotoxicity and EGCG-downregulated hepatic genes responsible for gluconeogenesis and lipogenesis in mice. We found that (i) melatonin extended survival time of mice intoxicated with lethal doses of EGCG; (ii) melatonin ameliorated acute liver damage and associated hepatic Nrf2 suppression caused by a nonlethal toxic dose of EGCG; (iii) melatonin reduced subacute liver injury and hepatic Nrf2 activation caused by lower toxic doses of EGCG; and (iv) melatonin did not compromise the action of pharmacological doses of EGCG in downregulating a battery of hepatic genes responsible for gluconeogenesis and lipogenesis, including G6Pc, PEPCK, FOXO1α, SCD1, Fasn, leptin, ACCα, ACCβ, GAPT, and Srebp-1. Taken together, these results suggest that the combination of EGCG and melatonin is an effective approach for preventing potential adverse effects of EGCG as a dietary supplement for metabolic syndrome alleviation and body weight reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea & Food Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yaqing Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea & Food Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Taotao Wang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaochun Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea & Food Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Chung S Yang
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Jinsong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea & Food Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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89
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Comparative metabolomic analysis highlights the involvement of sugars and glycerol in melatonin-mediated innate immunity against bacterial pathogen in Arabidopsis. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15815. [PMID: 26508076 PMCID: PMC4623600 DOI: 10.1038/srep15815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is an important secondary messenger in plant innate immunity against the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringe pv. tomato (Pst) DC3000 in the salicylic acid (SA)- and nitric oxide (NO)-dependent pathway. However, the metabolic homeostasis in melatonin-mediated innate immunity is unknown. In this study, comparative metabolomic analysis found that the endogenous levels of both soluble sugars (fructose, glucose, melibose, sucrose, maltose, galatose, tagatofuranose and turanose) and glycerol were commonly increased after both melatonin treatment and Pst DC3000 infection in Arabidopsis. Further studies showed that exogenous pre-treatment with fructose, glucose, sucrose, or glycerol increased innate immunity against Pst DC3000 infection in wild type (Col-0) Arabidopsis plants, but largely alleviated their effects on the innate immunity in SA-deficient NahG plants and NO-deficient mutants. This indicated that SA and NO are also essential for sugars and glycerol-mediated disease resistance. Moreover, exogenous fructose, glucose, sucrose and glycerol pre-treatments remarkably increased endogenous NO level, but had no significant effect on the endogenous melatonin level. Taken together, this study highlights the involvement of sugars and glycerol in melatonin-mediated innate immunity against bacterial pathogen in SA and NO-dependent pathway in Arabidopsis.
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90
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Santofimia-Castaño P, Clea Ruy D, Garcia-Sanchez L, Jimenez-Blasco D, Fernandez-Bermejo M, Bolaños JP, Salido GM, Gonzalez A. Melatonin induces the expression of Nrf2-regulated antioxidant enzymes via PKC and Ca2+ influx activation in mouse pancreatic acinar cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 87:226-36. [PMID: 26163001 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2015] [Revised: 05/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to evaluate the potential activation of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor and the antioxidant-responsive element (Nrf2-ARE) signaling pathway in response to melatonin in isolated mouse pancreatic acinar cells. Changes in intracellular free Ca(2+) concentration were followed by fluorimetric analysis of fura-2-loaded cells. The activations of PKC and JNK were measured by Western blot analysis. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was employed to detect the expression of Nrf2-regulated antioxidant enzymes. Immunocytochemistry was employed to determine nuclear location of phosphorylated Nrf2, and the cellular redox state was monitored following MitoSOX Red-derived fluorescence. Our results show that stimulation of fura-2-loaded cells with melatonin (1 µM to 1 mM), in the presence of Ca(2+) in the extracellular medium, induced a slow and progressive increase of [Ca(2+)](c) toward a stable level. Melatonin did not inhibit the typical Ca(2+) response induced by CCK-8 (1 nM). When the cells were challenged with indoleamine in the absence of Ca(2+) in the extracellular solution (medium containing 0.5 mM EGTA) or in the presence of 1 mM LaCl(3), to inhibit Ca(2+) entry, we could not detect any change in [Ca(2+)](c). Nevertheless, CCK-8 (1 nM) was able to induce the typical mobilization of Ca(2+). When the cells were incubated with the PKC activator PMA (1 µM) in the presence of Ca(2+) in the extracellular medium, we observed a response similar to that noted when the cells were challenged with melatonin 100 µM. However, in the presence of Ro31-8220 (3 µM), a PKC inhibitor, stimulation of cells with melatonin failed to evoke changes in [Ca(2+)]c. Immunoblots, using an antibody specific for phospho-PKC, revealed that melatonin induces PKCα activation, either in the presence or in the absence of external Ca(2+). Melatonin induced the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of the transcription factor Nrf2, and evoked a concentration-dependent increase in the expression of the antioxidant enzymes NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase 1, catalytic subunit of glutamate-cysteine ligase, and heme oxygenase-1. Incubation of MitoSOX Red-loaded pancreatic acinar cells in the presence of 1 nM CCK-8 induced a statistically significant increase in dye-derived fluorescence, reflecting an increase in oxidation, that was abolished by pretreatment of cells with melatonin (100 µM) or PMA (1 µM). On the contrary, pretreatment with Ro31-8220 (3 µM) blocked the effect of melatonin on CCK-8-induced increase in oxidation. Finally, phosphorylation of JNK in the presence of CCK-8 or melatonin was also observed. We conclude that melatonin, via modulation of PKC and Ca(2+) signaling, could potentially stimulate the Nrf2-mediated antioxidant response in mouse pancreatic acinar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Deborah Clea Ruy
- Facultade de Agronomia & Medicina Veterinaria, Universidade de Brasilia, 70900-100, Brasilia DF, Brazil
| | - Lourdes Garcia-Sanchez
- Cell Physiology Research Group (FICEL), Department of Physiology, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
| | - Daniel Jimenez-Blasco
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics (IBFG), University of Salamanca-CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Miguel Fernandez-Bermejo
- Cell Physiology Research Group (FICEL), Department of Physiology, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain; Department of Gastroenterology, San Pedro de Alcantara Hospital, E-10003 Caceres, Spain
| | - Juan P Bolaños
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics (IBFG), University of Salamanca-CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Gines M Salido
- Cell Physiology Research Group (FICEL), Department of Physiology, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
| | - Antonio Gonzalez
- Cell Physiology Research Group (FICEL), Department of Physiology, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain.
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91
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Shi H, Qian Y, Tan DX, Reiter RJ, He C. Melatonin induces the transcripts of CBF/DREB1s and their involvement in both abiotic and biotic stresses in Arabidopsis. J Pineal Res 2015; 59:334-42. [PMID: 26182834 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is a naturally occurring small molecule that acts as an important secondary messenger in plant stress responses. However, the mechanism underlying the melatonin-mediated signaling pathway in plant stress responses has not been established. C-repeat-binding factors (CBFs)/Drought response element Binding 1 factors (DREB1s) encode transcription factors that play important roles in plant stress responses. This study has determined that endogenous melatonin and transcripts level of CBFs (AtCBF1, AtCBF2, and AtCBF3) in Arabidopsis leaves were significantly induced by salt, drought, and cold stresses and by pathogen Pseudomonas syringe pv. tomato (Pst) DC3000 infection. Moreover, both exogenous melatonin treatment and overexpression of CBFs conferred enhanced resistance to both abiotic and biotic stresses in Arabidopsis. Notably, AtCBFs and exogenous melatonin treatment positively regulated the mRNA expression of several stress-responsive genes (COR15A, RD22, and KIN1) and accumulation of soluble sugars content such as sucrose in Arabidopsis under control and stress conditions. Additionally, exogenous sucrose also conferred improved resistance to both abiotic and biotic stresses in Arabidopsis. Taken together, this study indicates that AtCBFs confer enhanced resistance to both abiotic and biotic stresses, and AtCBF-mediated signaling pathway and sugar accumulation may be involved in melatonin-mediated stress response in Arabidopsis, at least partially.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Shi
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Yongqiang Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Dun-Xian Tan
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Chaozu He
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou, China
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92
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Aguilera Y, Herrera T, Liébana R, Rebollo-Hernanz M, Sanchez-Puelles C, Martín-Cabrejas MA. Impact of Melatonin Enrichment during Germination of Legumes on Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Activity. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:7967-74. [PMID: 26307852 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b03128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
This study assesses the impact of melatonin enriched watering on the germination of lentils (Lens culinaris L.) and kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). The melatonin levels in lentil and bean sprouts measured by HPLC-MS/MS were more important than those found in other legumes and sprouts, being higher in lentil (1090 ng/g) than in kidney bean (529 ng/g) sprouts. This alternative germination promoted a significant increase of the development of radicles in comparison with the traditional germination. The decreases in the phenolic load were less accentuated than previously observed (lentil sprouts displayed 394 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/100 g of dry weight (DW)), probably due to the protective effect of melatonin. The antioxidant capacity (oxygen radical absorbing capacity assay) increased in these sprouts, reaching 85 and 56 μmol of Trolox equivalents/g DW in lentils and beans, respectively. Hence, the melatonin-enriched foods exhibited potent free radical scavenger and antioxidant functions that may be used as a nutritional strategy to alleviate and prevent chronic and age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Aguilera
- Instituto de Investigación de Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , C/Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Herrera
- Instituto de Investigación de Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , C/Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa Liébana
- Instituto de Investigación de Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , C/Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Rebollo-Hernanz
- Instituto de Investigación de Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , C/Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Sanchez-Puelles
- Instituto de Investigación de Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , C/Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - María A Martín-Cabrejas
- Instituto de Investigación de Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , C/Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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93
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Zhao H, Su T, Huo L, Wei H, Jiang Y, Xu L, Ma F. Unveiling the mechanism of melatonin impacts on maize seedling growth: sugar metabolism as a case. J Pineal Res 2015; 59:255-66. [PMID: 26122919 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin regulates growth in many plants; however, the mechanism remains unclear. In this study, exogenous melatonin feeding resulted in both promotional (≤10 μm) and inhibitory (≥100 μm) effects on maize seedling growth. Initial analyses suggested positive correlations between the amount of melatonin and sucrose synthesis and hydrolysis-related gene expression, enzyme activities, and sucrose metabolites. However, assays of photosynthetic rate, hexokinase (HxK) activity, expression of photosynthetic marker genes, and HxK-related genes showed opposite effects under 10 μm (positive) and 100 μm (negative) melatonin treatments. Similarly, 10 μm melatonin accelerated starch catabolism at night, whereas 100 μm melatonin significantly decreased this process and led to starch accumulation in photosynthetic tissues. Furthermore, expression analysis of genes related to sucrose phloem loading resulted in a slight upregulation of sucrose transporters (SUT1 and SUT2) when seedlings were induced with 10 μm melatonin, while treatment with 100 μm melatonin resulted in significant downregulation of these sucrose transporter genes (SUT1 and SUT2), as well as tie-dyed2 (Tdy2) and sucrose export defective 1. Taken together, these results suggest that low doses of melatonin benefit maize seedling growth by promoting sugar metabolism, photosynthesis, and sucrose phloem loading. Conversely, high doses of melatonin inhibit seedling growth by inducing the excessive accumulation of sucrose, hexose and starch, suppressing photosynthesis and sucrose phloem loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tao Su
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Liuqing Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hongbin Wei
- Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yang Jiang
- Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lingfei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fengwang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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94
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Iriti M, Varoni EM. Melatonin in Mediterranean diet, a new perspective. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2015; 95:2355-9. [PMID: 25501293 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The health-promoting properties of the Mediterranean diet have been attributed, at least in part, to the chemical diversity of plant foods. Among phytochemicals, polyphenols represent the paradigm of the relationship between healthy foods and reduced risk of chronic-degenerative diseases, although, in the past few years, a new element has enriched this scenario. Melatonin, and possibly other indoleamines recently discovered in some relevant Mediterranean foods, may represent a new factor contributing to the elucidation of the protective effects of diets rich in plant products. Therefore, in synergy with polyphenols and other bioactive phytochemicals (e.g. carotenoids and glucosinolates), melatonin may contribute to maximizing the benefits of healthy dietary styles. This brief survey deals with the occurrence of melatonin in the Mediterranean diet, with an emphasis on grape products, and focuses on the biological significance of dietary melatonin, an emerging and exciting topic in the field of nutritional sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Iriti
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Milan State University, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Maria Varoni
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Milan State University, Milan, Italy
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95
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Arnao MB, Hernández-Ruiz J. Functions of melatonin in plants: a review. J Pineal Res 2015; 59:133-50. [PMID: 26094813 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 417] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The number of studies on melatonin in plants has increased significantly in recent years. This molecule, with a large set of functions in animals, has also shown great potential in plant physiology. This review outlines the main functions of melatonin in the physiology of higher plants. Its role as antistress agent against abiotic stressors, such as drought, salinity, low and high ambient temperatures, UV radiation and toxic chemicals, is analyzed. The latest data on their role in plant-pathogen interactions are also discussed. Both abiotic and biotic stresses produce a significant increase in endogenous melatonin levels, indicating its possible role as effector in these situations. The existence of endogenous circadian rhythms in melatonin levels has been demonstrated in some species, and the data, although limited, suggest a central role of this molecule in the day/night cycles in plants. Finally, another aspect that has led to a large volume of research is the involvement of melatonin in aspects of plant development regulation. Although its role as a plant hormone is still far of from being fully established, its involvement in processes such as growth, rhizogenesis, and photosynthesis seems evident. The multiple changes in gene expression caused by melatonin point to its role as a multiregulatory molecule capable of coordinating many aspects of plant development. This last aspect, together with its role as an alleviating-stressor agent, suggests that melatonin is an excellent prospect for crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marino B Arnao
- Department of Plant Biology (Plant Physiology), Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Josefa Hernández-Ruiz
- Department of Plant Biology (Plant Physiology), Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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96
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Quan X, Wang J, Liang C, Zheng H, Zhang L. Melatonin inhibits tunicamycin-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and insulin resistance in skeletal muscle cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 463:1102-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.06.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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97
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Zhao H, Xu L, Su T, Jiang Y, Hu L, Ma F. Melatonin regulates carbohydrate metabolism and defenses against Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 infection in Arabidopsis thaliana. J Pineal Res 2015; 59:109-19. [PMID: 25958775 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin has been reported to promote plant growth and development. Our experiments with Arabidopsis thaliana showed that exogenous applications of this molecule mediated invertase inhibitor (C/VIF)-regulated invertase activity and enhanced sucrose metabolism. Hexoses were accumulated in response to elevated activities by cell wall invertase (CWI) and vacuolar invertase (VI). Analyses of sugar metabolism-related genes revealed differential expression during plant development that was modulated by melatonin. In particular, C/VIF1 and C/VIF2 were strongly down-regulated by exogenous feeding. We also found the elevated CWI activity in melatonin-treated Arabidopsis improved the factors (cellulose, xylose, and galactose) for cell wall reinforcement and callose deposition during Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 infection, therefore, partially induced the pathogen resistance. However, CWI did not involve in salicylic acid (SA)-regulated defense pathway. Taken together, this study reveals that melatonin plays an important role in invertase-related carbohydrate metabolism, plant growth, and pathogen defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lingfei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tao Su
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Yang Jiang
- Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, Heidelberg university, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lingyu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fengwang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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98
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Shi H, Wang X, Tan DX, Reiter RJ, Chan Z. Comparative physiological and proteomic analyses reveal the actions of melatonin in the reduction of oxidative stress in Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon (L). Pers.). J Pineal Res 2015; 59:120-31. [PMID: 25958881 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The fact of melatonin as an important antioxidant in animals led plant researchers to speculate that melatonin also acts in the similar manner in plants. Although melatonin has significant effects on alleviating stress-triggered reactive oxygen species (ROS), the involvement of melatonin in direct oxidative stress and the underlying physiological and molecular mechanisms remain unclear in plants. In this study, we found that exogenous melatonin significantly alleviated hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-modulated plant growth, cell damage, and ROS accumulation in Bermuda grass. Additionally, 76 proteins significantly influenced by melatonin during mock or H2O2 treatment were identified by gel-free proteomics using iTRAQ (isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation). Metabolic pathway analysis showed that several pathways were markedly enhanced by melatonin and H2O2 treatments, including polyamine metabolism, ribosome pathway, major carbohydrate metabolism, photosynthesis, redox, and amino acid metabolism. Taken together, this study provides more comprehensive insights into the physiological and molecular mechanisms of melatonin in Bermuda grass responses to direct oxidative stress. This may relate to the activation of antioxidants, modulation of metabolic pathways, and extensive proteome reprograming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Shi
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- National Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Dun-Xian Tan
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Zhulong Chan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
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99
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Shi H, Chen Y, Tan DX, Reiter RJ, Chan Z, He C. Melatonin induces nitric oxide and the potential mechanisms relate to innate immunity against bacterial pathogen infection in Arabidopsis. J Pineal Res 2015; 59:102-8. [PMID: 25960153 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is a naturally occurring small molecule, serving as important secondary messenger in the response of plants to various biotic and abiotic stresses. However, the interactions between melatonin and other important molecules in the plant stress response, especially in plant immunity, are largely unknown. In this study, we found that both melatonin and nitric oxide (NO) levels in Arabidopsis leaves were significantly induced by bacterial pathogen (Pst DC3000) infection. The elevated NO production was caused by melatonin as melatonin application enhanced endogenous NO level with great efficacy. Moreover, both melatonin and NO conferred improved disease resistance against Pseudomonas syringe pv. tomato (Pst) DC3000 infection in Arabidopsis. NO scavenger significantly suppressed the rise of NO which was induced by exogenous application of melatonin. As a result, the beneficial effects of melatonin on the expression of salicylic acid (SA)-related genes and disease resistance against bacterial pathogen infection were jeopardized by use of a NO scavenger. Consistently, melatonin application significantly lost its effect on the innate immunity against P. syringe pv. tomato (Pst) DC3000 infection in NO-deficient mutants of Arabidopsis. The results indicate that melatonin-induced NO production is responsible for innate immunity response of Arabidopsis against Pst DC3000 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Shi
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Yinhua Chen
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Dun-Xian Tan
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Zhulong Chan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Chaozu He
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou, China
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100
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Paredes SD, Forman KA, García C, Vara E, Escames G, Tresguerres JAF. Protective actions of melatonin and growth hormone on the aged cardiovascular system. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2015; 18:79-88. [PMID: 25390004 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2014-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies indicate that certain aspects of lifestyle and genetics act as risk factors for a variety of cardiovascular disorders, including coronary disease, hypertension, heart failure and stroke. Aging, however, appears to be the major contributor for morbidity and mortality of the impaired cardiovascular system. Growth hormone (GH) and melatonin seem to prevent cardiac aging, as they contribute to the recovery of several physiological parameters affected by age. These hormones exhibit antioxidant properties and decrease oxidative stress and apoptosis. This paper summarizes a set of studies related to the potential role that therapy with GH and melatonin may play in the protection of the altered cardiac function due to aging, with a focus on experiments performed in our laboratory using the senescence-accelerated mouse as an aging model. In general, we observed significantly increased inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis markers in hearts from senescence-accelerated prone 10-month-old animals compared to 2-month-old controls, while anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic markers as well as endothelial nitric oxide synthase were decreased. Senescence-accelerated resistant animals showed no significant changes with age. GH or melatonin treatment prevented the age-dependent cardiac alterations observed in the senescence-accelerated prone group. Combined administration of GH plus melatonin reduced the age-related changes in senescence-accelerated prone hearts in an additive fashion that was different to that displayed when administered alone. GH and melatonin may be potential agents for counteracting oxidative stress, apoptosis and inflammation in the aging heart.
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