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Abscisic Acid Biosynthesis and Signaling in Plants: Key Targets to Improve Water Use Efficiency and Drought Tolerance. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10186322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The observation of a much-improved fitness of wild-type plants over abscisic acid (ABA)-deficient mutants during drought has led researchers from all over to world to perform experiments aiming at a better understanding of how this hormone modulates the physiology of plants under water-limited conditions. More recently, several promising approaches manipulating ABA biosynthesis and signaling have been explored to improve water use efficiency and confer drought tolerance to major crop species. Here, we review recent progress made in the last decade on (i) ABA biosynthesis, (ii) the roles of ABA on plant-water relations and on primary and secondary metabolisms during drought, and (iii) the regulation of ABA levels and perception to improve water use efficiency and drought tolerance in crop species.
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52
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Gambetta GA, Herrera JC, Dayer S, Feng Q, Hochberg U, Castellarin SD. The physiology of drought stress in grapevine: towards an integrative definition of drought tolerance. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:4658-4676. [PMID: 32433735 PMCID: PMC7410189 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Water availability is arguably the most important environmental factor limiting crop growth and productivity. Erratic precipitation patterns and increased temperatures resulting from climate change will likely make drought events more frequent in many regions, increasing the demand on freshwater resources and creating major challenges for agriculture. Addressing these challenges through increased irrigation is not always a sustainable solution so there is a growing need to identify and/or breed drought-tolerant crop varieties in order to maintain sustainability in the context of climate change. Grapevine (Vitis vinifera), a major fruit crop of economic importance, has emerged as a model perennial fruit crop for the study of drought tolerance. This review synthesizes the most recent results on grapevine drought responses, the impact of water deficit on fruit yield and composition, and the identification of drought-tolerant varieties. Given the existing gaps in our knowledge of the mechanisms underlying grapevine drought responses, we aim to answer the following question: how can we move towards a more integrative definition of grapevine drought tolerance?
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory A Gambetta
- EGFV, Bordeaux-Sciences Agro, INRA, Université de Bordeaux, ISVV, chemin de Leysotte, Villenave d’Ornon, France
- Correspondence: or
| | - Jose Carlos Herrera
- Institute of Viticulture and Pomology, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Tulln, Austria
| | - Silvina Dayer
- EGFV, Bordeaux-Sciences Agro, INRA, Université de Bordeaux, ISVV, chemin de Leysotte, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Quishuo Feng
- Wine Research Centre, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Uri Hochberg
- ARO Volcani Center, Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Rishon Lezion, Israel
| | - Simone D Castellarin
- Wine Research Centre, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Correspondence: or
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53
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Cardoso AA, Brodribb TJ, Kane CN, DaMatta FM, McAdam SAM. Osmotic adjustment and hormonal regulation of stomatal responses to vapour pressure deficit in sunflower. AOB PLANTS 2020; 12:plaa025. [PMID: 32665827 PMCID: PMC7346309 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plaa025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic variation of the stomatal pore in response to changes in leaf-air vapour pressure difference (VPD) constitutes a critical regulation of daytime gas exchange. The stomatal response to VPD has been associated with both foliage abscisic acid (ABA) and leaf water potential (Ψ l ); however, causation remains a matter of debate. Here, we seek to separate hydraulic and hormonal control of stomatal aperture by manipulating the osmotic potential of sunflower leaves. In addition, we test whether stomatal responses to VPD in an ABA-deficient mutant (w-1) of sunflower are similar to the wild type. Stomatal apertures during VPD transitions were closely linked with foliage ABA levels in sunflower plants with contrasting osmotic potentials. In addition, we observed that the inability to synthesize ABA at high VPD in w-1 plants was associated with no dynamic or steady-state stomatal response to VPD. These results for sunflower are consistent with a hormonal, ABA-mediated stomatal responses to VPD rather than a hydraulic-driven stomatal response to VPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda A Cardoso
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Timothy J Brodribb
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Cade N Kane
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Fábio M DaMatta
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Scott A M McAdam
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Corresponding author’s e-mail address:
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54
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Klejchová M, Hills A, Blatt MR. Predicting the unexpected in stomatal gas exchange: not just an open-and-shut case. Biochem Soc Trans 2020; 48:881-889. [PMID: 32453378 PMCID: PMC7329339 DOI: 10.1042/bst20190632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Plant membrane transport, like transport across all eukaryotic membranes, is highly non-linear and leads to interactions with characteristics so complex that they defy intuitive understanding. The physiological behaviour of stomatal guard cells is a case in point in which, for example, mutations expected to influence stomatal closing have profound effects on stomatal opening and manipulating transport across the vacuolar membrane affects the plasma membrane. Quantitative mathematical modelling is an essential tool in these circumstances, both to integrate the knowledge of each transport process and to understand the consequences of their manipulation in vivo. Here, we outline the OnGuard modelling environment and its use as a guide to predicting the emergent properties arising from the interactions between non-linear transport processes. We summarise some of the recent insights arising from OnGuard, demonstrate its utility in interpreting stomatal behaviour, and suggest ways in which the OnGuard environment may facilitate 'reverse-engineering' of stomata to improve water use efficiency and carbon assimilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Klejchová
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Bower Building, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K
| | - Adrian Hills
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Bower Building, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K
| | - Michael R. Blatt
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Bower Building, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K
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55
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McAdam SAM, Sussmilch FC. The evolving role of abscisic acid in cell function and plant development over geological time. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 109:39-45. [PMID: 32571626 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is found in a wide diversity of organisms, yet we know most about the hormonal action of this compound in the ecologically dominant and economically important angiosperms. In angiosperms, ABA regulates a suite of critical responses from desiccation tolerance through to seed dormancy and stomatal closure. Work exploring the function of key genes in the ABA signalling pathway of angiosperms has revealed that this signal transduction pathway is ancient, yet considerable change in the physiological roles of this hormone have occurred over geological time. With recent advances in our capacity to characterise gene function in non-angiosperms we are on the cusp of revealing the origins of this critical hormonal signalling pathway in plants, and understanding how a simple hormone may have shaped land plant diversity, ecology and adaptation over the past 500 million years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A M McAdam
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
| | - Frances C Sussmilch
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Sandy Bay, TAS, 7005, Australia
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56
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Grossiord C, Buckley TN, Cernusak LA, Novick KA, Poulter B, Siegwolf RTW, Sperry JS, McDowell NG. Plant responses to rising vapor pressure deficit. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 226:1550-1566. [PMID: 32064613 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 365] [Impact Index Per Article: 91.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Recent decades have been characterized by increasing temperatures worldwide, resulting in an exponential climb in vapor pressure deficit (VPD). VPD has been identified as an increasingly important driver of plant functioning in terrestrial biomes and has been established as a major contributor in recent drought-induced plant mortality independent of other drivers associated with climate change. Despite this, few studies have isolated the physiological response of plant functioning to high VPD, thus limiting our understanding and ability to predict future impacts on terrestrial ecosystems. An abundance of evidence suggests that stomatal conductance declines under high VPD and transpiration increases in most species up until a given VPD threshold, leading to a cascade of subsequent impacts including reduced photosynthesis and growth, and higher risks of carbon starvation and hydraulic failure. Incorporation of photosynthetic and hydraulic traits in 'next-generation' land-surface models has the greatest potential for improved prediction of VPD responses at the plant- and global-scale, and will yield more mechanistic simulations of plant responses to a changing climate. By providing a fully integrated framework and evaluation of the impacts of high VPD on plant function, improvements in forecasting and long-term projections of climate impacts can be made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Grossiord
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne EPFL, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering ENAC, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thomas N Buckley
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Lucas A Cernusak
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Qld, 4814, Australia
| | - Kimberly A Novick
- School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Benjamin Poulter
- Biospheric Sciences Lab, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, 20771, USA
| | - Rolf T W Siegwolf
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - John S Sperry
- Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Nate G McDowell
- Earth Systems Science Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
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57
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Caine RS, Chater CCC, Fleming AJ, Gray JE. Stomata and Sporophytes of the Model Moss Physcomitrium patens. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:643. [PMID: 32523599 PMCID: PMC7261847 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Mosses are an ancient land plant lineage and are therefore important in studying the evolution of plant developmental processes. Here, we describe stomatal development in the model moss species Physcomitrium patens (previously known as Physcomitrella patens) over the duration of sporophyte development. We dissect the molecular mechanisms guiding cell division and fate and highlight how stomatal function might vary under different environmental conditions. In contrast to the asymmetric entry divisions described in Arabidopsis thaliana, moss protodermal cells can enter the stomatal lineage directly by expanding into an oval shaped guard mother cell (GMC). We observed that when two early stage P. patens GMCs form adjacently, a spacing division can occur, leading to separation of the GMCs by an intervening epidermal spacer cell. We investigated whether orthologs of Arabidopsis stomatal development regulators are required for this spacing division. Our results indicated that bHLH transcription factors PpSMF1 and PpSCRM1 are required for GMC formation. Moreover, the ligand and receptor components PpEPF1 and PpTMM are also required for orientating cell divisions and preventing single or clustered early GMCs from developing adjacent to one another. The identification of GMC spacing divisions in P. patens raises the possibility that the ability to space stomatal lineage cells could have evolved before mosses diverged from the ancestral lineage. This would have enabled plants to integrate stomatal development with sporophyte growth and could underpin the adoption of multiple bHLH transcription factors and EPF ligands to more precisely control stomatal patterning in later diverging plant lineages. We also observed that when P. patens sporophyte capsules mature in wet conditions, stomata are typically plugged whereas under drier conditions this is not the case; instead, mucilage drying leads to hollow sub-stomatal cavities. This appears to aid capsule drying and provides further evidence for early land plant stomata contributing to capsule rupture and spore release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S. Caine
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Caspar C. C. Chater
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J. Fleming
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Julie E. Gray
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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58
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Wu J, Yan G, Duan Z, Wang Z, Kang C, Guo L, Liu K, Tu J, Shen J, Yi B, Fu T, Li X, Ma C, Dai C. Roles of the Brassica napus DELLA Protein BnaA6.RGA, in Modulating Drought Tolerance by Interacting With the ABA Signaling Component BnaA10.ABF2. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:577. [PMID: 32477388 PMCID: PMC7240051 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Drought is a major threat to plant growth and crop productivity. Reduced level of the gibberellin would result in increased drought tolerance, but the underlying mechanism is still unclear. In Brassica napus, there are four BnaRGA genes that code for DELLA proteins, negative regulators of GA signaling. Among them, expression of BnaA6.RGA was greatly induced by drought and abscisic acid (ABA). Previously, we created the gain-of-function mutant of BnaA6.RGA, bnaa6.rga-D, and the loss-of-function quadruple mutant, bnarga by CRISPR/Cas9, respectively. Here we show that bnaa6.rga-D displayed enhanced drought tolerance, and its stomatal closure was hypersensitive to ABA treatment. By contrast, bnarga displayed reduced drought tolerance and was less sensitive to ABA treatment, but there is no difference in drought tolerance between single BnaRGA mutant and WT, suggesting a functional redundancy between the BnaRGA genes in this process. Furthermore, we found that BnaRGAs were able to interact physically with BnaA10.ABF2, an essential transcription factor in ABA signaling. The BnaA10.ABF2-BnaA6.RGA protein complex greatly increased the expression level of the drought responsive gene BnaC9.RAB18. Taken together, this work highlighted the fundamental roles of DELLA proteins in drought tolerance in B. napus, and provide desirable germplasm for further breeding of drought tolerance in rapeseed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajing Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guanbo Yan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiqiang Duan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhijuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunying Kang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Liang Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kede Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinxing Tu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinxiong Shen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bin Yi
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tingdong Fu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chaozhi Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Cheng Dai
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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59
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Richardson F, Jordan GJ, Brodribb TJ. Leaf hydraulic conductance is linked to leaf symmetry in bifacial, amphistomatic leaves of sunflower. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:2808-2816. [PMID: 31970417 PMCID: PMC7210757 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The hydraulic implications of stomatal positioning across leaf surfaces and the impact on internal water flow through amphistomatic leaves are not currently well understood. Amphistomaty potentially provides hydraulic efficiencies if the majority of hydraulic resistance in the leaf exists outside the xylem in the mesophyll. Such a scenario would mean that the same xylem network could equally supply a hypostomatic or amphistomatic leaf. Here we examine leaves of Helianthus annuus to determine whether amphistomaty in this species is associated with higher hydraulic efficiency compared with hypostomatic leaves. We identified asymmetry in the positioning of minor veins which were significantly closer to the abaxial than the adaxial leaf surface, combined with lower Kleaf when transpiration was driven through the adaxial rather than the abaxial surface. We also identified a degree of coordination in stomatal behaviour driven by leaf hydraulics, where the hydraulic conditions experienced by an individual leaf surface affected the stomatal behaviour on the opposite surface. We found no advantage to amphistomaty based on efficiencies in construction costs of the venous system, represented by vein density:stomatal density, only limited hydraulic independence between leaf surfaces. These results suggest that amphistomaty does not substantially increase whole-leaf hydraulic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freya Richardson
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Gregory J Jordan
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Timothy J Brodribb
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
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60
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Sun S, Jung E, Gaviria J, Engelbrecht BMJ. Drought survival is positively associated with high turgor loss points in temperate perennial grassland species. Funct Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shanwen Sun
- Department of Plant Ecology Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER) University of Bayreuth Bayreuth Germany
| | - Eun‐Young Jung
- Department of Plant Ecology Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER) University of Bayreuth Bayreuth Germany
| | - Julian Gaviria
- Department of Plant Ecology Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER) University of Bayreuth Bayreuth Germany
| | - Bettina M. J. Engelbrecht
- Department of Plant Ecology Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER) University of Bayreuth Bayreuth Germany
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Balboa Ancón Panama
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61
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Brodribb TJ, Carriquí M, Delzon S, McAdam SAM, Holbrook NM. Advanced vascular function discovered in a widespread moss. NATURE PLANTS 2020; 6:273-279. [PMID: 32170283 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-020-0602-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of terrestrial plants capable of growing upwards into the dry atmosphere profoundly transformed the Earth. A transition from small, 'non-vascular' bryophytes to arborescent vascular plants during the Devonian period is partially attributed to the evolutionary innovation of an internal vascular system capable of functioning under the substantial water tension associated with vascular water transport. Here, we show that vascular function in one of the most widespread living bryophytes (Polytrichum commune) exhibits strong functional parallels with the vascular systems of higher plants. These parallels include vascular conduits in Polytrichum that resist buckling while transporting water under tension, and leaves capable of regulating transpiration, permitting photosynthetic gas exchange without cavitation inside the vascular system. The advanced vascular function discovered in this tallest bryophyte family contrasts with the highly inefficient water use found in their leaves, emphasizing the importance of stomatal evolution enabling photosynthesis far above the soil surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Brodribb
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.
| | - M Carriquí
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears - Instituto de Investigaciones Agroambientales y de la Economía del Agua, Palma, Spain
| | - S Delzon
- Université Bordeaux, BIOGECO, INRAE, Pessac, France
| | - S A M McAdam
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - N M Holbrook
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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Guo H, Sun Y, Yan H, Li C, Ge F. O 3-Induced Priming Defense Associated With the Abscisic Acid Signaling Pathway Enhances Plant Resistance to Bemisia tabaci. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:93. [PMID: 32210979 PMCID: PMC7069499 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Elevated ozone (O3) modulates phytohormone signals, which subsequently alters the interaction between plants and herbivorous insects. It has been reported that elevated O3 activates the plant abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathway, but its cascading effect on the performance of herbivorous insects remains unclear. Here, we used the ABA-deficient tomato mutant notabilis (not) and its wild type, Ailsa Craig (AC), to determine the role of ABA signaling in mediating the effects of elevated O3 on Bemisia tabaci in field open-top chambers (OTCs). Our results showed that the population abundance and the total phloem-feeding duration of B. tabaci were decreased by O3 exposure in AC plants compared with not plants. Moreover, elevated O3 and B. tabaci infestation activated the ABA signaling pathway and enhanced callose deposition in AC plants but had little effect on those in not plants. The exogenous application of a callose synthesis inhibitor (2-DDG) neutralized O3-induced resistance to B. tabaci, and the application of ABA enhanced callose deposition and exacerbated the negative effects of elevated O3 on B. tabaci. However, the application of 2-DDG counteracted the negative effects of O3 exposure on B. tabaci in ABA-treated AC plants. Collectively, this study revealed that callose deposition, which relied on the ABA signaling pathway, was an effective O3-induced priming defense of tomato plants against B. tabaci infestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honggang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Bioscience and Resource Environment/Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Yucheng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyu Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanyou Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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63
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Brodribb TJ, Sussmilch F, McAdam SAM. From reproduction to production, stomata are the master regulators. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 101:756-767. [PMID: 31596990 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The best predictor of leaf level photosynthetic rate is the porosity of the leaf surface, as determined by the number and aperture of stomata on the leaf. This remarkable correlation between stomatal porosity (or diffusive conductance to water vapour gs ) and CO2 assimilation rate (A) applies to all major lineages of vascular plants (Figure 1) and is sufficiently predictable that it provides the basis for the model most widely used to predict water and CO2 fluxes from leaves and canopies. Yet the Ball-Berry formulation is only a phenomenological approximation that captures the emergent character of stomatal behaviour. Progressing to a more mechanistic prediction of plant gas exchange is challenging because of the diversity of biological components regulating stomatal action. These processes are the product of more than 400 million years of co-evolution between stomatal, vascular and photosynthetic tissues. Both molecular and structural components link the abiotic world of the whole plant with the turgor pressure of the epidermis and guard cells, which ultimately determine stomatal pore size and porosity to water and CO2 exchange (New Phytol., 168, 2005, 275). In this review we seek to simplify stomatal behaviour by using an evolutionary perspective to understand the principal selective pressures involved in stomatal evolution, thus identifying the primary regulators of stomatal aperture. We start by considering the adaptive process that has locked together the regulation of water and carbon fluxes in vascular plants, finally examining specific evidence for evolution in the proteins responsible for regulating guard cell turgor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Brodribb
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia
| | - Frances Sussmilch
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Wurzburg, Wuerzburg, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Scott A M McAdam
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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Zhu K, Yuan F, Wang A, Yang H, Guan D, Jin C, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Wu J. Effects of soil rewatering on mesophyll and stomatal conductance and the associated mechanisms involving leaf anatomy and some physiological activities in Manchurian ash and Mongolian oak in the Changbai Mountains. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 144:22-34. [PMID: 31550610 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The recoveries of mesophyll (gm) and stomatal conductance to CO2 (gsc) after soil rewatering have received considerable attention in recent years, but the recovery mechanisms involving leaf anatomy and physiological activities are poorly understood. Moreover, it is also unclear whether leaf gas-phase conductance (gias) or liquid-phase conductance (gliq) is the main factor promoting gm recovery. By simultaneously using gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence, we measured the recoveries of gm and gsc in saplings of Manchurian ash (Fraxinus mandshurica Rupr.) and Mongolian oak (Quercus mongolica Fish. ex Ledeb) exposed to two initial water stress (medium water stress, MW, and severe water stress, SW) and following rewatering. Furthermore, leaf anatomical characteristics and the activities of aquaporin (AQP) and carbonic anhydrase (CA) were measured to explain the mechanisms of gm and gsc recoveries. The results showed that (i) both gm and gsc were partly recovered after rewatering, and the recoveries decreased with initial water stress in both species. (ii) The gm recovery was much greater in Mongolian oak than in Manchurian ash, while the gsc recovery was much greater in Manchurian ash. Consequently, the photosynthesis recovery in Manchurian ash was mostly affected by gsc recovery, while that in Mongolian oak was mostly affected by gm recovery. (iii) The gm recovery mainly resulted from the great increase in leaf gliq after rewatering rather than that in gias, as gias had a negative effect on gm recovery. The stomatal opening status improved after rewatering, as the stomatal pore size (SS) increased, greatly promoting gsc recovery. In addition, the activities of both AQP and CA increased after rewatering, which improved CO2 transmembrane transports and greatly promoted gm and gsc recoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Fenghui Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Anzhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Dexin Guan
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Changjie Jin
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Hongxia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yushu Zhang
- The Institute of Atmospheric Environment, China Meteorological Administration, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Jiabing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
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65
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Buckley TN. How do stomata respond to water status? THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 224:21-36. [PMID: 31069803 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Stomatal responses to humidity, soil moisture and other factors that influence plant water status are critical drivers of photosynthesis, productivity, water yield, ecohydrology and climate forcing, yet we still lack a thorough mechanistic understanding of these responses. Here I review historical and recent advances in stomatal water relations. Clear evidence now implicates a metabolically mediated response to leaf water status ('hydroactive feedback') in stomatal responses to evaporative demand and soil drought, possibly involving abscisic acid production in leaves. Other hypothetical mechanisms involving vapor and heat transport within leaves may contribute to humidity, light and temperature responses, but require further theoretical clarification and experimental validation. Variation and dynamics in hydraulic conductance, particularly within leaves, may contribute to water status responses. Continuing research to fully resolve mechanisms of stomatal responses to water status should focus on several areas: validating and quantifying the mechanism of leaf-based hydroactive feedback, identifying where in leaves water status is actively sensed, clarifying the role of leaf vapor and energy transport in humidity and temperature responses, and verifying foundational but minimally replicated results of stomatal hydromechanics across species. Clarity on these matters promises to deliver modelers with a tractable and reliable mechanistic model of stomatal responses to water status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas N Buckley
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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Menezes‐Silva PE, Loram‐Lourenço L, Alves RDFB, Sousa LF, Almeida SEDS, Farnese FS. Different ways to die in a changing world: Consequences of climate change for tree species performance and survival through an ecophysiological perspective. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:11979-11999. [PMID: 31695903 PMCID: PMC6822037 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic activities such as uncontrolled deforestation and increasing greenhouse gas emissions are responsible for triggering a series of environmental imbalances that affect the Earth's complex climate dynamics. As a consequence of these changes, several climate models forecast an intensification of extreme weather events over the upcoming decades, including heat waves and increasingly severe drought and flood episodes. The occurrence of such extreme weather will prompt profound changes in several plant communities, resulting in massive forest dieback events that can trigger a massive loss of biodiversity in several biomes worldwide. Despite the gravity of the situation, our knowledge regarding how extreme weather events can undermine the performance, survival, and distribution of forest species remains very fragmented. Therefore, the present review aimed to provide a broad and integrated perspective of the main biochemical, physiological, and morpho-anatomical disorders that may compromise the performance and survival of forest species exposed to climate change factors, particularly drought, flooding, and global warming. In addition, we also discuss the controversial effects of high CO2 concentrations in enhancing plant growth and reducing the deleterious effects of some extreme climatic events. We conclude with a discussion about the possible effects that the factors associated with the climate change might have on species distribution and forest composition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucas Loram‐Lourenço
- Laboratory of Plant EcophysiologyInstituto Federal Goiano – Campus Rio VerdeGoiásBrazil
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Fang L, Abdelhakim LOA, Hegelund JN, Li S, Liu J, Peng X, Li X, Wei Z, Liu F. ABA-mediated regulation of leaf and root hydraulic conductance in tomato grown at elevated CO 2 is associated with altered gene expression of aquaporins. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2019; 6:104. [PMID: 31645959 PMCID: PMC6804533 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-019-0187-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Elevated CO2 concentration in the air (e[CO2]) decreases stomatal density (SD) and stomatal conductance (g s) where abscisic acid (ABA) may play a role, yet the underlying mechanism remains largely elusive. We investigated the effects of e[CO2] (800 ppm) on leaf gas exchange and water relations of two tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) genotypes, Ailsa Craig (WT) and its ABA-deficient mutant (flacca). Compared to plants grown at ambient CO2 (400 ppm), e[CO2] stimulated photosynthetic rate in both genotypes, while depressed the g s only in WT. SD showed a similar response to e[CO2] as g s, although the change was not significant. e[CO2] increased leaf and xylem ABA concentrations and xylem sap pH, where the increases were larger in WT than in flacca. Although leaf water potential was unaffected by CO2 growth environment, e[CO2] lowered osmotic potential, hence tended to increase turgor pressure particularly for WT. e[CO2] reduced hydraulic conductance of leaf and root in WT but not in flacca, which was associated with downregulation of gene expression of aquaporins. It is concluded that ABA-mediated regulation of g s, SD, and gene expression of aquaporins coordinates the whole-plant hydraulics of tomato grown at different CO2 environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Fang
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Højbakkegaard Alle 13, 2630 Taastrup, Denmark
- Present Address: Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 430, 6700 AK Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lamis Osama Anwar Abdelhakim
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Højbakkegaard Alle 13, 2630 Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Josefine Nymark Hegelund
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Højbakkegaard Alle 13, 2630 Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Shenglan Li
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Højbakkegaard Alle 13, 2630 Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Højbakkegaard Alle 13, 2630 Taastrup, Denmark
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, 712100 Yangling, Shaanxi China
| | - Xiaoying Peng
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Højbakkegaard Alle 13, 2630 Taastrup, Denmark
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, 410128 Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Xiangnan Li
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 130102 Changchun, China
| | - Zhenhua Wei
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Højbakkegaard Alle 13, 2630 Taastrup, Denmark
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, 712100 Yangling, Shaanxi China
| | - Fulai Liu
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Højbakkegaard Alle 13, 2630 Taastrup, Denmark
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, 712100 Yangling, Shaanxi China
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68
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Franco-Navarro JD, Rosales MA, Cubero-Font P, Calvo P, Álvarez R, Diaz-Espejo A, Colmenero-Flores JM. Chloride as a macronutrient increases water-use efficiency by anatomically driven reduced stomatal conductance and increased mesophyll diffusion to CO 2. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 99:815-831. [PMID: 31148340 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Chloride (Cl- ) has been recently described as a beneficial macronutrient, playing specific roles in promoting plant growth and water-use efficiency (WUE). However, it is still unclear how Cl- could be beneficial, especially in comparison with nitrate (NO3- ), an essential source of nitrogen that shares with Cl- similar physical and osmotic properties, as well as common transport mechanisms. In tobacco plants, macronutrient levels of Cl- specifically reduce stomatal conductance (gs ) without a concomitant reduction in the net photosynthesis rate (AN ). As stomata-mediated water loss through transpiration is inherent in the need of C3 plants to capture CO2 , simultaneous increase in photosynthesis and WUE is of great relevance to achieve a sustainable increase in C3 crop productivity. Our results showed that Cl- -mediated stimulation of larger leaf cells leads to a reduction in stomatal density, which in turn reduces gs and water consumption. Conversely, Cl- improves mesophyll diffusion conductance to CO2 (gm ) and photosynthetic performance due to a higher surface area of chloroplasts exposed to the intercellular airspace of mesophyll cells, possibly as a consequence of the stimulation of chloroplast biogenesis. A key finding of this study is the simultaneous improvement of AN and WUE due to macronutrient Cl- nutrition. This work identifies relevant and specific functions in which Cl- participates as a beneficial macronutrient for higher plants, uncovering a sustainable approach to improve crop yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan D Franco-Navarro
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología, CSIC, Avda Reina Mercedes 10, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Miguel A Rosales
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología, CSIC, Avda Reina Mercedes 10, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Paloma Cubero-Font
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología, CSIC, Avda Reina Mercedes 10, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes (BPMP), Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INRA, SupAgro, 2 Place P. Viala, Montpellier, 34060, France
| | - Purificación Calvo
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda Reina Mercedes 6, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Rosario Álvarez
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Reina Mercedes 6, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Antonio Diaz-Espejo
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología, CSIC, Avda Reina Mercedes 10, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - José M Colmenero-Flores
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología, CSIC, Avda Reina Mercedes 10, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
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69
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Trueba S, Pan R, Scoffoni C, John GP, Davis SD, Sack L. Thresholds for leaf damage due to dehydration: declines of hydraulic function, stomatal conductance and cellular integrity precede those for photochemistry. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 223:134-149. [PMID: 30843202 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Given increasing water deficits across numerous ecosystems world-wide, it is urgent to understand the sequence of failure of leaf function during dehydration. We assessed dehydration-induced losses of rehydration capacity and maximum quantum yield of the photosystem II (Fv /Fm ) in the leaves of 10 diverse angiosperm species, and tested when these occurred relative to turgor loss, declines of stomatal conductance gs , and hydraulic conductance Kleaf , including xylem and outside xylem pathways for the same study plants. We resolved the sequences of relative water content and leaf water potential Ψleaf thresholds of functional impairment. On average, losses of leaf rehydration capacity occurred at dehydration beyond 50% declines of gs , Kleaf and turgor loss point. Losses of Fv /Fm occurred after much stronger dehydration and were not recovered with leaf rehydration. Across species, tissue dehydration thresholds were intercorrelated, suggesting trait co-selection. Thresholds for each type of functional decline were much less variable across species in terms of relative water content than Ψleaf . The stomatal and leaf hydraulic systems show early functional declines before cell integrity is lost. Substantial damage to the photochemical apparatus occurs at extreme dehydration, after complete stomatal closure, and seems to be irreversible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Trueba
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Los Angeles, 621 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Ruihua Pan
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Los Angeles, 621 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, 235 University West Road, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010021, China
| | - Christine Scoffoni
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Los Angeles, 621 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Los Angeles, 5151 State University Drive, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
| | - Grace P John
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Los Angeles, 621 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, 2415 Speedway, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Stephen D Davis
- Natural Science Division, Pepperdine University, Malibu, CA, 90263-4321, USA
| | - Lawren Sack
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Los Angeles, 621 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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70
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Fu X, Meinzer FC, Woodruff DR, Liu YY, Smith DD, McCulloh KA, Howard AR. Coordination and trade-offs between leaf and stem hydraulic traits and stomatal regulation along a spectrum of isohydry to anisohydry. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 42:2245-2258. [PMID: 30820970 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The degree of plant iso/anisohydry, a widely used framework for classifying species-specific hydraulic strategies, integrates multiple components of the whole-plant hydraulic pathway. However, little is known about how it associates with coordination of functional and structural traits within and across different organs. We examined stem and leaf hydraulic capacitance and conductivity/conductance, stem xylem anatomical features, stomatal regulation of daily minimum leaf and stem water potential (Ψ), and the kinetics of stomatal responses to vapour pressure deficit (VPD) in six diverse woody species differing markedly in their degree of iso/anisohydry. At the stem level, more anisohydric species had higher wood density and lower native capacitance and conductivity. Like stems, leaves of more anisohydric species had lower hydraulic conductance; however, unlike stems, their leaves had higher native capacitance at their daily minimum values of leaf Ψ. Moreover, rates of VPD-induced stomatal closure were related to intrinsic rather than native leaf capacitance and were not associated with species' degree of iso/anisohydry. Our results suggest a trade-off between hydraulic storage and efficiency in the leaf, but a coordination between hydraulic storage and efficiency in the stem along a spectrum of plant iso/anisohydry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Fu
- Qianyanzhou Ecological Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Zhongke-Ji'an Institute for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Ji'an, China
| | | | - David R Woodruff
- USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Yan-Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf, Ministry of Education, Guangxi Teachers Education University, Nanning, China
| | - Duncan D Smith
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | | | - Ava R Howard
- Department of Biology, Western Oregon University, Monmouth, Oregon
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71
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Scharwies JD, Dinneny JR. Water transport, perception, and response in plants. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2019; 132:311-324. [PMID: 30747327 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-019-01089-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Sufficient water availability in the environment is critical for plant survival. Perception of water by plants is necessary to balance water uptake and water loss and to control plant growth. Plant physiology and soil science research have contributed greatly to our understanding of how water moves through soil, is taken up by roots, and moves to leaves where it is lost to the atmosphere by transpiration. Water uptake from the soil is affected by soil texture itself and soil water content. Hydraulic resistances for water flow through soil can be a major limitation for plant water uptake. Changes in water supply and water loss affect water potential gradients inside plants. Likewise, growth creates water potential gradients. It is known that plants respond to changes in these gradients. Water flow and loss are controlled through stomata and regulation of hydraulic conductance via aquaporins. When water availability declines, water loss is limited through stomatal closure and by adjusting hydraulic conductance to maintain cell turgor. Plants also adapt to changes in water supply by growing their roots towards water and through refinements to their root system architecture. Mechanosensitive ion channels, aquaporins, proteins that sense the cell wall and cell membrane environment, and proteins that change conformation in response to osmotic or turgor changes could serve as putative sensors. Future research is required to better understand processes in the rhizosphere during soil drying and how plants respond to spatial differences in water availability. It remains to be investigated how changes in water availability and water loss affect different tissues and cells in plants and how these biophysical signals are translated into chemical signals that feed into signaling pathways like abscisic acid response or organ development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Daniel Scharwies
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, 260 Panama Street, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, 371 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - José R Dinneny
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, 260 Panama Street, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, 371 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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72
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Abstract
Microalgae are attracting the interest of agrochemical industries and farmers, due to their biostimulant and biofertiliser properties. Microalgal biostimulants (MBS) and biofertilisers (MBF) might be used in crop production to increase agricultural sustainability. Biostimulants are products derived from organic material that, applied in small quantities, are able to stimulate the growth and development of several crops under both optimal and stressful conditions. Biofertilisers are products containing living microorganisms or natural substances that are able to improve chemical and biological soil properties, stimulating plant growth, and restoring soil fertility. This review is aimed at reporting developments in the processing of MBS and MBF, summarising the biologically-active compounds, and examining the researches supporting the use of MBS and MBF for managing productivity and abiotic stresses in crop productions. Microalgae are used in agriculture in different applications, such as amendment, foliar application, and seed priming. MBS and MBF might be applied as an alternative technique, or used in conjunction with synthetic fertilisers, crop protection products and plant growth regulators, generating multiple benefits, such as enhanced rooting, higher crop yields and quality and tolerance to drought and salt. Worldwide, MBS and MBF remain largely unexploited, such that this study highlights some of the current researches and future development priorities.
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73
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Cardoso AA, Randall JM, McAdam SAM. Hydraulics Regulate Stomatal Responses to Changes in Leaf Water Status in the Fern Athyrium filix- femina. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 179:533-543. [PMID: 30538169 PMCID: PMC6426430 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.01412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Stomatal responses to changes in leaf water status are important for the diurnal regulation of gas exchange and the survival of plants during drought. These stomatal responses in angiosperm species are well characterized, yet in species of nonseed plants, an ongoing debate surrounds the role of metabolism, particularly the role of the hormone abscisic acid (ABA), in functionally regulating stomatal responses to changes in leaf water status. Here, we measured the stomatal response to changes in vapor pressure difference (VPD) in two natural forms of the fern species Athyrium filix-femina, recently suggested to have stomata that are regulated by ABA. The two forms measured had considerable differences in key hydraulic traits, including leaf hydraulic conductance and capacitance, as well as the kinetics of stomatal response to changes in VPD. In both forms, the stomatal responses to VPD could be accurately predicted by a dynamic, mechanistic model that assumes guard cell turgor changes in concert with leaf turgor in the light, and not via metabolic processes including the level of ABA. During drought, endogenous ABA did not play a role in stomatal closure, and exogenous ABA applied to live, intact leaves did not induce stomatal closure. Our results indicate that functional stomatal responses to changes in leaf water status in ferns are regulated by leaf hydraulics and not metabolism. With ferns being sister to seed plants, this result has implications for the evolutionary reconstruction of functional stomatal responses across vascular land plant lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda A Cardoso
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Joshua M Randall
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Scott A M McAdam
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
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74
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Kollist H, Zandalinas SI, Sengupta S, Nuhkat M, Kangasjärvi J, Mittler R. Rapid Responses to Abiotic Stress: Priming the Landscape for the Signal Transduction Network. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 24:25-37. [PMID: 30401516 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Plants grow and reproduce within a highly dynamic environment that can see abrupt changes in conditions, such as light intensity, temperature, humidity, or interactions with biotic agents. Recent studies revealed that plants can respond within seconds to some of these conditions, engaging many different metabolic and molecular networks, as well as rapidly altering their stomatal aperture. Some of these rapid responses were further shown to propagate throughout the entire plant via waves of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Ca2+ that are possibly mediated through the plant vascular system. Here, we propose that the integration of these signals is mediated through pulses of gene expression that are coordinated throughout the plant in a systemic manner by the ROS/Ca+2 waves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Kollist
- Plant Signal Research Group, Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu 50411, Estonia
| | - Sara I Zandalinas
- The Division of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA; The Department of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - Soham Sengupta
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203-5017, USA
| | - Maris Nuhkat
- Plant Signal Research Group, Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu 50411, Estonia
| | - Jaakko Kangasjärvi
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ron Mittler
- The Division of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA; The Department of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65201, USA.
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75
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Scoffoni C, Albuquerque C, Cochard H, Buckley TN, Fletcher LR, Caringella MA, Bartlett M, Brodersen CR, Jansen S, McElrone AJ, Sack L. The Causes of Leaf Hydraulic Vulnerability and Its Influence on Gas Exchange in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 178:1584-1601. [PMID: 30366978 PMCID: PMC6288733 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.00743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The influence of the dynamics of leaf hydraulic conductance (K leaf) diurnally and during dehydration on stomatal conductance and photosynthesis remains unclear. Using the model species Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana ecotype Columbia-0), we applied a multitiered approach including physiological measurements, high-resolution x-ray microcomputed tomography, and modeling at a range of scales to characterize (1) K leaf decline during dehydration; (2) its basis in the hydraulic conductances of leaf xylem and outside-xylem pathways (K ox); (3) the dependence of its dynamics on irradiance; (4) its impact on diurnal patterns of stomatal conductance and photosynthetic rate; and (5) its influence on gas exchange and survival under simulated drought regimes. Arabidopsis leaves showed strong vulnerability to dehydration diurnally in both gas exchange and hydraulic conductance, despite lack of xylem embolism or conduit collapse above the turgor loss point, indicating a pronounced sensitivity of K ox to dehydration. K leaf increased under higher irradiance in well-hydrated leaves across the full range of water potential, but no shift in K leaf vulnerability was observed. Modeling indicated that responses to dehydration and irradiance are likely attributable to changes in membrane permeability and that a dynamic K ox would contribute strongly to stomatal closure, improving performance, survival, and efficient water use during drought. These findings for Columbia-0 provide a baseline for assessing variation across genotypes in hydraulic traits and their influence on gas exchange during dehydration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Scoffoni
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Los Angeles, California 90032
| | - Caetano Albuquerque
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Hervé Cochard
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, PIAF, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Thomas N Buckley
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Leila R Fletcher
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Marissa A Caringella
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Megan Bartlett
- Princeton Environmental Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544
| | - Craig R Brodersen
- School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511
| | - Steven Jansen
- Institute of Systematic Botany and Ecology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany 89081
| | - Andrew J McElrone
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, California 95616
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Davis, California 95616
| | - Lawren Sack
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
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76
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Sierla M, Hõrak H, Overmyer K, Waszczak C, Yarmolinsky D, Maierhofer T, Vainonen JP, Salojärvi J, Denessiouk K, Laanemets K, Tõldsepp K, Vahisalu T, Gauthier A, Puukko T, Paulin L, Auvinen P, Geiger D, Hedrich R, Kollist H, Kangasjärvi J. The Receptor-like Pseudokinase GHR1 Is Required for Stomatal Closure. THE PLANT CELL 2018; 30:2813-2837. [PMID: 30361234 PMCID: PMC6305979 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.18.00441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Guard cells control the aperture of stomatal pores to balance photosynthetic carbon dioxide uptake with evaporative water loss. Stomatal closure is triggered by several stimuli that initiate complex signaling networks to govern the activity of ion channels. Activation of SLOW ANION CHANNEL1 (SLAC1) is central to the process of stomatal closure and requires the leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase (LRR-RLK) GUARD CELL HYDROGEN PEROXIDE-RESISTANT1 (GHR1), among other signaling components. Here, based on functional analysis of nine Arabidopsis thaliana ghr1 mutant alleles identified in two independent forward-genetic ozone-sensitivity screens, we found that GHR1 is required for stomatal responses to apoplastic reactive oxygen species, abscisic acid, high CO2 concentrations, and diurnal light/dark transitions. Furthermore, we show that the amino acid residues of GHR1 involved in ATP binding are not required for stomatal closure in Arabidopsis or the activation of SLAC1 anion currents in Xenopus laevis oocytes and present supporting in silico and in vitro evidence suggesting that GHR1 is an inactive pseudokinase. Biochemical analyses suggested that GHR1-mediated activation of SLAC1 occurs via interacting proteins and that CALCIUM-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE3 interacts with GHR1. We propose that GHR1 acts in stomatal closure as a scaffolding component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maija Sierla
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, and Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hanna Hõrak
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu 50411, Estonia
| | - Kirk Overmyer
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, and Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Cezary Waszczak
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, and Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Tobias Maierhofer
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, D-97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Julia P Vainonen
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, and Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jarkko Salojärvi
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, and Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | - Kadri Tõldsepp
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu 50411, Estonia
| | - Triin Vahisalu
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, and Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu 50411, Estonia
| | - Adrien Gauthier
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, and Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuomas Puukko
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, and Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lars Paulin
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Petri Auvinen
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dietmar Geiger
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, D-97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Hedrich
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, D-97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Hannes Kollist
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu 50411, Estonia
| | - Jaakko Kangasjärvi
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, and Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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77
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Wang X, Du T, Huang J, Peng S, Xiong D. Leaf hydraulic vulnerability triggers the decline in stomatal and mesophyll conductance during drought in rice. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:4033-4045. [PMID: 29788146 PMCID: PMC6054168 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the physiological responses of crops to drought is important for ensuring sustained crop productivity under climate change, which is expected to exacerbate the frequency and intensity of periods of drought. Drought responses involve multiple traits, and the correlations between these traits are poorly understood. Using a variety of techniques, we estimated the changes in gas exchange, leaf hydraulic conductance, and leaf turgor in rice (Oryza sativa) in response to both short- and long-term soil drought. We performed a photosynthetic limitation analysis to quantify the contributions of each limiting factor to the resultant overall decrease in photosynthesis during drought. Biomass, leaf area, and leaf width significantly decreased during the 2-week drought treatment, but leaf mass per area and leaf vein density increased. Light-saturated photosynthetic rate declined dramatically during soil drought, mainly due to the decrease in stomatal conductance (gs) and mesophyll conductance (gm). Stomatal modeling suggested that the decline in leaf hydraulic conductance explained most of the decrease in stomatal closure during the drought treatment, and may also trigger the drought-related decrease of stomatal conductance and mesophyll conductance. The results of this study provide insight into the regulation of carbon assimilation under drought conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Tingting Du
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jianliang Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shaobing Peng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Dongliang Xiong
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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78
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Sampaio Filho IDJ, Jardine KJ, de Oliveira RCA, Gimenez BO, Cobello LO, Piva LRDO, Candido LA, Higuchi N, Chambers JQ. Below versus above Ground Plant Sources of Abscisic Acid (ABA) at the Heart of Tropical Forest Response to Warming. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2023. [PMID: 30002274 PMCID: PMC6073271 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19072023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Warming surface temperatures and increasing frequency and duration of widespread droughts threaten the health of natural forests and agricultural crops. High temperatures (HT) and intense droughts can lead to the excessive plant water loss and the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) resulting in extensive physical and oxidative damage to sensitive plant components including photosynthetic membranes. ROS signaling is tightly integrated with signaling mechanisms of the potent phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA), which stimulates stomatal closure leading to a reduction in transpiration and net photosynthesis, alters hydraulic conductivities, and activates defense gene expression including antioxidant systems. While generally assumed to be produced in roots and transported to shoots following drought stress, recent evidence suggests that a large fraction of plant ABA is produced in leaves via the isoprenoid pathway. Thus, through stomatal regulation and stress signaling which alters water and carbon fluxes, we highlight the fact that ABA lies at the heart of the Carbon-Water-ROS Nexus of plant response to HT and drought stress. We discuss the current state of knowledge of ABA biosynthesis, transport, and degradation and the role of ABA and other isoprenoids in the oxidative stress response. We discuss potential variations in ABA production and stomatal sensitivity among different plant functional types including isohydric/anisohydric and pioneer/climax tree species. We describe experiments that would demonstrate the possibility of a direct energetic and carbon link between leaf ABA biosynthesis and photosynthesis, and discuss the potential for a positive feedback between leaf warming and enhanced ABA production together with reduced stomatal conductance and transpiration. Finally, we propose a new modeling framework to capture these interactions. We conclude by discussing the importance of ABA in diverse tropical ecosystems through increases in the thermotolerance of photosynthesis to drought and heat stress, and the global importance of these mechanisms to carbon and water cycling under climate change scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel de Jesus Sampaio Filho
- National Institute for Amazon Research (INPA), Ave. Andre Araujo 2936, Campus II, Building LBA, Manaus, AM 69080-97, Brazil.
| | - Kolby Jeremiah Jardine
- National Institute for Amazon Research (INPA), Ave. Andre Araujo 2936, Campus II, Building LBA, Manaus, AM 69080-97, Brazil.
- Climate Science Department, Earth Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Rd., Building 64-241, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | | | - Bruno Oliva Gimenez
- National Institute for Amazon Research (INPA), Ave. Andre Araujo 2936, Campus II, Building LBA, Manaus, AM 69080-97, Brazil.
| | - Leticia Oliveira Cobello
- National Institute for Amazon Research (INPA), Ave. Andre Araujo 2936, Campus II, Building LBA, Manaus, AM 69080-97, Brazil.
| | - Luani Rosa de Oliveira Piva
- Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Ave. Pref. Lothario Meissner 632, Campus III, Forest Sciences Department, Curitiba, PR 80210-170, Brazil.
| | - Luiz Antonio Candido
- National Institute for Amazon Research (INPA), Ave. Andre Araujo 2936, Campus II, Building LBA, Manaus, AM 69080-97, Brazil.
| | - Niro Higuchi
- National Institute for Amazon Research (INPA), Ave. Andre Araujo 2936, Campus II, Building LBA, Manaus, AM 69080-97, Brazil.
| | - Jeffrey Quintin Chambers
- National Institute for Amazon Research (INPA), Ave. Andre Araujo 2936, Campus II, Building LBA, Manaus, AM 69080-97, Brazil.
- Climate Science Department, Earth Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Rd., Building 64-241, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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79
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McAdam SAM, Brodribb TJ. Mesophyll Cells Are the Main Site of Abscisic Acid Biosynthesis in Water-Stressed Leaves. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 177:911-917. [PMID: 29735726 PMCID: PMC6052997 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.01829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The hormone abscisic acid (ABA) plays a critical role in enhancing plant survival during water deficit. Recent molecular evidence suggests that ABA is synthesized in the phloem companion cells and guard cells. However, the nature of cell turgor and water status in these two cell types cannot easily account for the rapid, water status-triggered ABA biosynthesis observed in leaves. Here, we utilize the unique foliar anatomies of an angiosperm (Hakea lissosperma) and four conifer species (Saxegothaea conspicua, Podocarpus latifolius, Cephalotaxus harringtonii, and Amentotaxus formosana) in which the mesophyll can be isolated from the vascular tissue to identify the main site of ABA biosynthesis in water-stressed leaves. In all five species tested, considerable ABA biosynthesis occurred in mesophyll tissue that had been separated from vascular tissue. In addition, the removal of the epidermis from the mesophyll in two conifer species had no impact on the observed increase in ABA levels under water deficit. Our results suggest that mesophyll cells are the predominant location of water deficit-triggered ABA biosynthesis in the leaf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A M McAdam
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Timothy J Brodribb
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7005, Australia
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80
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Tyutereva EV, Dmitrieva VA, Shavarda AL, Voitsekhovskaja OV. Stomata control is changed in a chlorophyll b-free barley mutant. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2018; 45:453-463. [PMID: 32290984 DOI: 10.1071/fp17056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) chlorina f2 3613 mutant exhibits low photosynthesis and slow growth. This results from downregulation of the levels of photosynthetic antenna proteins caused by the absence of chl b, the major regulator of photosynthetic antennae in land plants. Here, we demonstrate that, when grown in the field in full sunlight, this mutant displays a changed pattern of stomatal responses compared with the parental wild-type cultivar Donaria. However, stomatal regulation of chlorina f2 3613 plants was restored when plants were placed under a shade cover for several days. The shade cover reduced incident PAR from 2000-2200μmolm-2s-1 to 800-880μmolm-2s-1 as measured at noon. Contents of ABA, the xanthophyll precursors of ABA biosynthesis and minor antenna proteins, as well as reactive oxygen species levels in stomata and the sensitivity of stomata to exogenously supplied ABA, were determined in leaves of wild-type Donaria and chlorina f2 3613 before and after shading. The results support the view that the restoration of stomatal control in barley chlorina f2 3613 is correlated with an increase in the levels of the minor antenna protein Lhcb6, which has recently been implicated in the enhancement of stomatal sensitivity to ABA in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V Tyutereva
- Laboratory of Molecular and Ecological Physiology, Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Professora Popova 2, 197376 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Valeria A Dmitrieva
- Laboratory of Molecular and Ecological Physiology, Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Professora Popova 2, 197376 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexey L Shavarda
- Laboratory of Analytical Phytochemistry, Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Professora Popova 2, 197376 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Olga V Voitsekhovskaja
- Laboratory of Molecular and Ecological Physiology, Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Professora Popova 2, 197376 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
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81
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Zhang FP, Sussmilch F, Nichols DS, Cardoso AA, Brodribb TJ, McAdam SAM. Leaves, not roots or floral tissue, are the main site of rapid, external pressure-induced ABA biosynthesis in angiosperms. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:1261-1267. [PMID: 29340606 PMCID: PMC6018962 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Rapid biosynthesis of abscisic acid (ABA) in the leaf, triggered by a decrease in cell volume, is essential for a functional stomatal response. However, it is not known whether rapid biosynthesis of ABA is also triggered in other plant tissues. Through the application of external pressure to flower, root, and leaf tissues, we test whether a reduction in cell volume can trigger rapid increases in ABA levels across the plant body in two species, Solanum lycopersicum and Passiflora tarminiana. Our results show that, in contrast to rapid ABA synthesis in the leaf, flower and root tissue did not show a significant, increase in ABA level in response to a drop in cell volume over a short time frame, suggesting that rapid ABA biosynthesis occurs only in leaf, not in flower or root tissues. A gene encoding the key, rate-limiting carotenoid cleavage enzyme (9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase, NCED) in the ABA biosynthetic pathway in S. lycopersicum, NCED1, was upregulated to a lesser degree in flowers and roots compared with leaves in response to applied pressure. In both species, floral tissues contained substantially lower levels of the NCED substrate 9'-cis-neoxanthin than leaves, and this ABA precursor could not be detected in roots. Slow and minimal ABA biosynthesis was detected after 2 h in petals, indicating that floral tissue is capable of synthesizing ABA in response to sustained water deficit. Our results indicate that rapid ABA biosynthesis predominantly occurs in the leaves, and not in other tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Ping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Frances Sussmilch
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Würzburg, Germany
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Australia
| | - David S Nichols
- Central Science Laboratory, University of Tasmania, Australia
| | - Amanda A Cardoso
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Australia
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Campus Universitário, Brasil
| | | | - Scott A M McAdam
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology and Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, USA
- Correspondence:
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82
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Merilo E, Yarmolinsky D, Jalakas P, Parik H, Tulva I, Rasulov B, Kilk K, Kollist H. Stomatal VPD Response: There Is More to the Story Than ABA. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 176:851-864. [PMID: 28986421 PMCID: PMC5761775 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.00912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Guard cells shrink and close stomatal pores when air humidity decreases (i.e. when the difference between the vapor pressures of leaf and atmosphere [VPD] increases). The role of abscisic acid (ABA) in VPD-induced stomatal closure has been studied using ABA-related mutants that respond to VPD in some studies and not in others. The importance of ABA biosynthesis in guard cells versus vasculature for whole-plant stomatal regulation is unclear as well. Here, we show that Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) lines carrying mutations in different steps of ABA biosynthesis as well as pea (Pisum sativum) wilty and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) flacca ABA-deficient mutants had higher stomatal conductance compared with wild-type plants. To characterize the role of ABA production in different cells, we generated transgenic plants where ABA biosynthesis was rescued in guard cells or phloem companion cells of an ABA-deficient mutant. In both cases, the whole-plant stomatal conductance, stunted growth phenotype, and leaf ABA level were restored to wild-type values, pointing to the redundancy of ABA sources and to the effectiveness of leaf ABA transport. All ABA-deficient lines closed their stomata rapidly and extensively in response to high VPD, whereas plants with mutated protein kinase OST1 showed stunted VPD-induced responses. Another strongly ABA-insensitive mutant, defective in the six ABA PYR/RCAR receptors, responded to changes in VPD in both directions strongly and symmetrically, indicating that its VPD-induced closure could be passive hydraulic. We discuss that both the VPD-induced passive hydraulic stomatal closure and the stomatal VPD regulation of ABA-deficient mutants may be conditional on the initial pretreatment stomatal conductance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebe Merilo
- Plant Signal Research Group, Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu 50411, Estonia
| | - Dmitry Yarmolinsky
- Plant Signal Research Group, Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu 50411, Estonia
| | - Pirko Jalakas
- Plant Signal Research Group, Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu 50411, Estonia
| | - Helen Parik
- Plant Signal Research Group, Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu 50411, Estonia
| | - Ingmar Tulva
- Plant Signal Research Group, Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu 50411, Estonia
| | - Bakhtier Rasulov
- Plant Signal Research Group, Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu 50411, Estonia
| | - Kalle Kilk
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu 50411, Estonia
| | - Hannes Kollist
- Plant Signal Research Group, Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu 50411, Estonia
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83
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Sack L, John GP, Buckley TN. ABA Accumulation in Dehydrating Leaves Is Associated with Decline in Cell Volume, Not Turgor Pressure. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 176:489-495. [PMID: 29061906 PMCID: PMC5761807 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.01097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Reanalysis of published experimental data shows that in dehydrating leaves ABA accumulation is linked with reduction of cell volume rather than turgor, providing clues toward signaling mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawren Sack
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095
| | - Grace P John
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095
| | - Thomas N Buckley
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616
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84
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Nir I, Shohat H, Panizel I, Olszewski N, Aharoni A, Weiss D. The Tomato DELLA Protein PROCERA Acts in Guard Cells to Promote Stomatal Closure. THE PLANT CELL 2017; 29:3186-3197. [PMID: 29150547 PMCID: PMC5757276 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.17.00542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Plants employ stomatal closure and reduced growth to avoid water deficiency damage. Reduced levels of the growth-promoting hormone gibberellin (GA) lead to increased tolerance to water deficit, but the underlying mechanism is unknown. Here, we show that the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) DELLA protein PROCERA (PRO), a negative regulator of GA signaling, acts in guard cells to promote stomatal closure and reduce water loss in response to water deficiency by increasing abscisic acid (ABA) sensitivity. The loss-of-function pro mutant exhibited increased stomatal conductance and rapid wilting under water deficit stress. Transgenic tomato overexpressing constitutively active stable DELLA proteins (S-della) displayed the opposite phenotype. The effects of S-della on stomatal aperture and water loss were strongly suppressed in the ABA-deficient mutant sitiens, indicating that these effects of S-della are ABA dependent. While DELLA had no effect on ABA levels, guard cell ABA responsiveness was increased in S-della and reduced in pro plants compared with the wild type. Expressing S-della under the control of a guard-cell-specific promoter was sufficient to increase stomatal sensitivity to ABA and to reduce water loss under water deficit stress but had no effect on leaf size. This result indicates that DELLA promotes stomatal closure independently of its effect on growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ido Nir
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Hagai Shohat
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Irina Panizel
- Department of Plant Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Neil Olszewski
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108
| | - Asaph Aharoni
- Department of Plant Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - David Weiss
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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85
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Nolan RH, Tarin T, Santini NS, McAdam SAM, Ruman R, Eamus D. Differences in osmotic adjustment, foliar abscisic acid dynamics, and stomatal regulation between an isohydric and anisohydric woody angiosperm during drought. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2017; 40:3122-3134. [PMID: 28982212 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Species are often classified along a continuum from isohydric to anisohydric, with isohydric species exhibiting tighter regulation of leaf water potential through stomatal closure in response to drought. We investigated plasticity in stomatal regulation in an isohydric (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) and an anisohydric (Acacia aptaneura) angiosperm species subject to repeated drying cycles. We also assessed foliar abscisic acid (ABA) content dynamics, aboveground/belowground biomass allocation and nonstructural carbohydrates. The anisohydric species exhibited large plasticity in the turgor loss point (ΨTLP ), with plants subject to repeated drying exhibiting lower ΨTLP and correspondingly larger stomatal conductance at low water potential, compared to plants not previously exposed to drought. The anisohydric species exhibited a switch from ABA to water potential-driven stomatal closure during drought, a response previously only reported for anisohydric gymnosperms. The isohydric species showed little osmotic adjustment, with no evidence of switching to water potential-driven stomatal closure, but did exhibit increased root:shoot ratios. There were no differences in carbohydrate depletion between species. We conclude that a large range in ΨTLP and biphasic ABA dynamics are indicative of anisohydric species, and these traits are associated with exposure to low minimum foliar water potential, dense sapwood and large resistance to xylem embolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael H Nolan
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, Ultimo, New South Wales, 2007, Australia
| | - Tonantzin Tarin
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, Ultimo, New South Wales, 2007, Australia
| | - Nadia S Santini
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, Ultimo, New South Wales, 2007, Australia
- Institute of Ecology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, External Circuit S/N annex Botanical Garden exterior, University City, Mexico City, 04500, Mexico
| | - Scott A M McAdam
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Rizwana Ruman
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, Ultimo, New South Wales, 2007, Australia
| | - Derek Eamus
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, Ultimo, New South Wales, 2007, Australia
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86
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Sussmilch FC, McAdam SAM. Surviving a Dry Future: Abscisic Acid (ABA)-Mediated Plant Mechanisms for Conserving Water under Low Humidity. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 6:E54. [PMID: 29113039 PMCID: PMC5750630 DOI: 10.3390/plants6040054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Angiosperms are able to respond rapidly to the first sign of dry conditions, a decrease in air humidity, more accurately described as an increase in the vapor pressure deficit between the leaf and the atmosphere (VPD), by abscisic acid (ABA)-mediated stomatal closure. The genes underlying this response offer valuable candidates for targeted selection of crop varieties with improved drought tolerance, a critical goal for current plant breeding programs, to maximize crop production in drier and increasingly marginalized environments, and meet the demands of a growing population in the face of a changing climate. Here, we review current understanding of the genetic mechanisms underpinning ABA-mediated stomatal closure, a key means for conserving water under dry conditions, examine how these mechanisms evolved, and discuss what remains to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances C Sussmilch
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart TAS 7001, Australia.
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Würzburg, D-97082 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Scott A M McAdam
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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87
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Wang Y, Hills A, Vialet-Chabrand S, Papanatsiou M, Griffiths H, Rogers S, Lawson T, Lew VL, Blatt MR. Unexpected Connections between Humidity and Ion Transport Discovered Using a Model to Bridge Guard Cell-to-Leaf Scales. THE PLANT CELL 2017; 29:2921-2939. [PMID: 29093213 PMCID: PMC5728137 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.17.00694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Stomatal movements depend on the transport and metabolism of osmotic solutes that drive reversible changes in guard cell volume and turgor. These processes are defined by a deep knowledge of the identities of the key transporters and of their biophysical and regulatory properties, and have been modeled successfully with quantitative kinetic detail at the cellular level. Transpiration of the leaf and canopy, by contrast, is described by quasilinear, empirical relations for the inputs of atmospheric humidity, CO2, and light, but without connection to guard cell mechanics. Until now, no framework has been available to bridge this gap and provide an understanding of their connections. Here, we introduce OnGuard2, a quantitative systems platform that utilizes the molecular mechanics of ion transport, metabolism, and signaling of the guard cell to define the water relations and transpiration of the leaf. We show that OnGuard2 faithfully reproduces the kinetics of stomatal conductance in Arabidopsis thaliana and its dependence on vapor pressure difference (VPD) and on water feed to the leaf. OnGuard2 also predicted with VPD unexpected alterations in K+ channel activities and changes in stomatal conductance of the slac1 Cl- channel and ost2 H+-ATPase mutants, which we verified experimentally. OnGuard2 thus bridges the micro-macro divide, offering a powerful tool with which to explore the links between guard cell homeostasis, stomatal dynamics, and foliar transpiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhou Wang
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian Hills
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | | | - Maria Papanatsiou
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Howard Griffiths
- Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Rogers
- Computing Science, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Tracy Lawson
- Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom
| | - Virgilio L Lew
- Physiological Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, United Kingdom
| | - Michael R Blatt
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
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88
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Sweet KJ, Peak D, Mott KA. Stomatal heterogeneity in responses to humidity and temperature: Testing a mechanistic model. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2017; 40:2771-2779. [PMID: 28777880 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The role of stomatal heterogeneity in the response of stomatal conductance (gs ) to the mole fraction difference in water vapour between the inside of the leaf and the ambient air (Δw) was determined using thermography and gas exchange for 3 species. The value of Δw for the leaf was varied in 2 different ways: first by varying air humidity while holding leaf temperature constant and second by varying leaf temperature while holding air humidity constant. Stomatal heterogeneity was explored by examining the response of gs in small areas of the leaf (as determined by thermography) and comparing them to each other and to the average value of gs (as determined by gas exchange). These analyses show that despite substantial heterogeneity in gs values, the response of gs to Δw was qualitatively similar in all areas of the leaf, and all responses of gs to Δw were well predicted by a recently proposed, vapour-phase mechanism for stomatal responses to temperature and humidity. Remarkably, the 2 model parameters, Θ and Z, that depend on leaf anatomy were constant for a given species, and only the maximum conductance varied in different regions of the leaf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn J Sweet
- Department of Physics, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322, USA
| | - David Peak
- Department of Physics, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322, USA
| | - Keith A Mott
- Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322, USA
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89
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Skelton RP, Brodribb TJ, McAdam SAM, Mitchell PJ. Gas exchange recovery following natural drought is rapid unless limited by loss of leaf hydraulic conductance: evidence from an evergreen woodland. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 215:1399-1412. [PMID: 28620915 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Drought can cause major damage to plant communities, but species damage thresholds and postdrought recovery of forest productivity are not yet predictable. We used an El Niño drought event as a natural experiment to test whether postdrought recovery of gas exchange could be predicted by properties of the water transport system, or if metabolism, primarily high abscisic acid concentration, might delay recovery. We monitored detailed physiological responses, including shoot sapflow, leaf gas exchange, leaf water potential and foliar abscisic acid (ABA), during drought and through the subsequent rehydration period for a sample of eight canopy and understory species. Severe drought caused major declines in leaf water potential, elevated foliar ABA concentrations and reduced stomatal conductance and assimilation rates in our eight sample species. Leaf water potential surpassed levels associated with incipient loss of leaf hydraulic conductance in four species. Following heavy rainfall gas exchange in all species, except those trees predicted to have suffered hydraulic impairment, recovered to prestressed rates within 1 d. Recovery of plant gas exchange was rapid and could be predicted by the hydraulic safety margin, providing strong support for leaf vulnerability to water deficit as an index of damage under natural drought conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert P Skelton
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, 7005, Australia
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Timothy J Brodribb
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, 7005, Australia
| | - Scott A M McAdam
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, 7005, Australia
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90
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Qiu C, Ethier G, Pepin S, Dubé P, Desjardins Y, Gosselin A. Persistent negative temperature response of mesophyll conductance in red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) leaves under both high and low vapour pressure deficits: a role for abscisic acid? PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2017. [PMID: 28620951 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The temperature dependence of mesophyll conductance (gm ) was measured in well-watered red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) plants acclimated to leaf-to-air vapour pressure deficit (VPDL) daytime differentials of contrasting amplitude, keeping a fixed diurnal leaf temperature (Tleaf ) rise from 20 to 35 °C. Contrary to the great majority of gm temperature responses published to date, we found a pronounced reduction of gm with increasing Tleaf irrespective of leaf chamber O2 level and diurnal VPDL regime. Leaf hydraulic conductance was greatly enhanced during the warmer afternoon periods under both low (0.75 to 1.5 kPa) and high (0.75 to 3.5 kPa) diurnal VPDL regimes, unlike stomatal conductance (gs ), which decreased in the afternoon. Consequently, the leaf water status remained largely isohydric throughout the day, and therefore cannot be evoked to explain the diurnal decrease of gm . However, the concerted diurnal reductions of gm and gs were well correlated with increases in leaf abscisic acid (ABA) content, thus suggesting that ABA can induce a significant depression of gm under favourable leaf water status. Our results challenge the view that the temperature dependence of gm can be explained solely from dynamic leaf anatomical adjustments and/or from the known thermodynamic properties of aqueous solutions and lipid membranes..
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Affiliation(s)
- Changpeng Qiu
- Department of Plant Sciences, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gilbert Ethier
- Department of Plant Sciences, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Steeve Pepin
- Department of Soils and Agri-Food Engineering, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Pascal Dubé
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yves Desjardins
- Department of Plant Sciences, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - André Gosselin
- Department of Plant Sciences, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
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91
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Rockwell FE, Holbrook NM. Leaf Hydraulic Architecture and Stomatal Conductance: A Functional Perspective. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 174:1996-2007. [PMID: 28615346 PMCID: PMC5543976 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.00303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Mechanistic modeling of water transport from petiole to stomata provides new perspectives on optimality in vascular and mesophyll transport properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulton E Rockwell
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - N Michele Holbrook
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
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92
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Richardson F, Brodribb TJ, Jordan GJ. Amphistomatic leaf surfaces independently regulate gas exchange in response to variations in evaporative demand. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 37:869-878. [PMID: 28898992 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpx073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of amphistomatic leaves (stomata on both surfaces) versus hypostomatic leaves (stomata limited to the lower or abaxial surface) has strong associations with environment. Amphistomy provides the advantage of higher conductance of CO2 for photosynthesis, however, unless the stomata on both leaf surfaces can be independently controlled in response to environmental cues, amphistomy may lead to inefficient gas exchange. While previous studies have found evidence that stomata can operate independently across and between surfaces of dorsiventral leaves, we investigate whether an independent stomatal response can be induced for isobilateral leaves by largely natural conditions. Here, we exposed surfaces of isobilateral, amphistomatic Eucalyptus globulus Labill. leaves to natural diurnal variation in differential evaporative demand, using leaf orientation to drive differences in irradiance and heat load on leaf surfaces. We identified preferential closure of stomata on the surface exposed to higher irradiation (and therefore evaporative demand) during the afternoon under natural conditions and similarly induced differential stomatal closure under experimental conditions in the laboratory. The differential response confirms that sufficient hydraulic isolation exists for independent stomatal response to occur between surfaces of amphistomatic, isobilateral leaves, and importantly, we show that natural conditions can induce surface-specific stomatal closure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freya Richardson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Timothy J Brodribb
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Gregory J Jordan
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
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93
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Zhang Z, Zhou J, Zhao X, Zhao P, Zhu L, Ouyang L, Ni G. Maximised photosynthetic capacity and decreased hydraulic failure risk during aging in the clump bamboo, Bambusa chungii. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2017; 44:785-794. [PMID: 32480607 DOI: 10.1071/fp16381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
To assess the water use of a clumped bamboo species, we investigated water use, physiological responses and structural changes related to culm aging in the clumped bamboo species Bambusa chungii McClure. Anisohydric behaviour was characterised by the independent stomatal conductance (gs) to leaf water potential (ΨL), and the low stomatal sensitivity (-m) in the young (0.52) and mature groups together with the aged group (0.41): gs was negatively related to intercellular CO2 (Ci), especially during the dry season (R2=0.62). Hydraulic conductivity (ks) decreased by 57.9 and 58.8% in the mature and aged groups. This was accompanied by a leaf area (AL) decrease of 55.7 and 63.7% and a water transport path (h) reduction of 8.5 and 23.3% to maintain the hydraulic safety. The net photosynthetic rate (An) was similar among the three age groups even during the dry season when water deficits occurred. The observed increase in chlorophyll content (5.3% greater for the mature group) and stomata density (7.4 and 8.1% greater for the mature and aged groups) with age might compensation the reduced whole culm carbon assimilation caused by decreased AL. Physiological and structural regulation contributes to the fitness of B. chungii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Juan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Xiuhua Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Ping Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Liwei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Lei Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Guangyan Ni
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
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94
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Sinclair TR, Devi J, Shekoofa A, Choudhary S, Sadok W, Vadez V, Riar M, Rufty T. Limited-transpiration response to high vapor pressure deficit in crop species. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 260:109-118. [PMID: 28554468 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Water deficit under nearly all field conditions is the major constraint on plant yields. Other than empirical observations, very little progress has been made in developing crop plants in which specific physiological traits for drought are expressed. As a consequence, there was little known about under what conditions and to what extent drought impacts crop yield. However, there has been rapid progress in recent years in understanding and developing a limited-transpiration trait under elevated atmospheric vapor pressure deficit to increase plant growth and yield under water-deficit conditions. This review paper examines the physiological basis for the limited-transpiration trait as result of low plant hydraulic conductivity, which appears to be related to aquaporin activity. Methodology was developed based on aquaporin involvement to identify candidate genotypes for drought tolerance of several major crop species. Cultivars of maize and soybean are now being marketed specifically for arid conditions. Understanding the mechanism of the limited-transpiration trait has allowed a geospatial analyses to define the environments in which increased yield responses can be expected. This review highlights the challenges and approaches to finally develop physiological traits contributing directly to plant improvement for water-limited environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R Sinclair
- Crop Science Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7620, USA.
| | - Jyostna Devi
- Crop Science Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7620, USA
| | - Avat Shekoofa
- Crop Science Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7620, USA
| | - Sunita Choudhary
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru 502324, Greater Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Walid Sadok
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108-6026, USA
| | - Vincent Vadez
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru 502324, Greater Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Mandeep Riar
- Crop Science Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7620, USA
| | - Thomas Rufty
- Crop Science Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7620, USA
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95
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Deans RM, Brodribb TJ, McAdam SAM. An Integrated Hydraulic-Hormonal Model of Conifer Stomata Predicts Water Stress Dynamics. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 174:478-486. [PMID: 28341770 PMCID: PMC5462058 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.00150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
A simple model combining leaf hydraulics and abscisic acid sensitivity can predict stomatal dynamics to short-term changes in plant water status in a conifer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross M Deans
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Timothy J Brodribb
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Scott A M McAdam
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
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96
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Brodribb TJ, McAdam SA, Carins Murphy MR. Xylem and stomata, coordinated through time and space. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2017; 40:872-880. [PMID: 27531223 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Land plants exhibit a degree of homeostasis in leaf water content to protect against damage to photosynthetic and xylem tissues, and to maintain an efficient allocation of resources. This is achieved by a strong coordination between the systems regulating water delivery (xylem) and water loss (stomata). This review discusses evolution in xylem and stomatal function, specifically focussing on the interactions between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Brodribb
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia
| | - Scott Am McAdam
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia
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97
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Hochberg U, Bonel AG, David-Schwartz R, Degu A, Fait A, Cochard H, Peterlunger E, Herrera JC. Grapevine acclimation to water deficit: the adjustment of stomatal and hydraulic conductance differs from petiole embolism vulnerability. PLANTA 2017; 245:1091-1104. [PMID: 28214919 PMCID: PMC5432590 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-017-2662-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Drought-acclimated vines maintained higher gas exchange compared to irrigated controls under water deficit; this effect is associated with modified leaf turgor but not with improved petiole vulnerability to cavitation. A key feature for the prosperity of plants under changing environments is the plasticity of their hydraulic system. In the present research we studied the hydraulic regulation in grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.) that were first acclimated for 39 days to well-watered (WW), sustained water deficit (SD), or transient-cycles of dehydration-rehydration-water deficit (TD) conditions, and then subjected to varying degrees of drought. Vine development under SD led to the smallest leaves and petioles, but the TD vines had the smallest mean xylem vessel and calculated specific conductivity (k ts). Unexpectedly, both the water deficit acclimation treatments resulted in vines more vulnerable to cavitation in comparison to WW, possibly as a result of developmental differences or cavitation fatigue. When exposed to drought, the SD vines maintained the highest stomatal (g s) and leaf conductance (k leaf) under low stem water potential (Ψs), despite their high xylem vulnerability and in agreement with their lower turgor loss point (ΨTLP). These findings suggest that the down-regulation of k leaf and g s is not associated with embolism, and the ability of drought-acclimated vines to maintain hydraulic conductance and gas exchange under stressed conditions is more likely associated with the leaf turgor and membrane permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uri Hochberg
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Via delle Scienze 206, 33100, Udine, Italy
- PIAF, INRA, Univ. Clermont-Auvergne, 63100, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Andrea Giulia Bonel
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Via delle Scienze 206, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Rakefet David-Schwartz
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Centre, 50250, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Asfaw Degu
- The French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer, Israel
| | - Aaron Fait
- The French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer, Israel
| | - Hervé Cochard
- PIAF, INRA, Univ. Clermont-Auvergne, 63100, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Enrico Peterlunger
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Via delle Scienze 206, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Jose Carlos Herrera
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Via delle Scienze 206, 33100, Udine, Italy.
- Division of Viticulture and Pomology, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenz Str. 24, 3430, Tulln, Austria.
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98
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Buckley TN, Sack L, Farquhar GD. Optimal plant water economy. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2017; 40:881-896. [PMID: 27644069 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
It was shown over 40 years ago that plants maximize carbon gain for a given rate of water loss if stomatal conductance, gs , varies in response to external and internal conditions such that the marginal carbon revenue of water, ∂A/∂E, remains constant over time. This theory has long held promise for understanding the physiological ecology of water use and for informing models of plant-atmosphere interactions. Full realization of this potential hinges on three questions: (i) Are analytical approximations adequate for applying the theory at diurnal time scales? (ii) At what time scale is it realistic and appropriate to apply the theory? (iii) How should gs vary to maximize growth over long time scales? We review the current state of understanding for each of these questions and describe future research frontiers. In particular, we show that analytical solutions represent the theory quite poorly, especially when boundary layer or mesophyll resistances are significant; that diurnal variations in hydraulic conductance may help or hinder maintenance of ∂A/∂E, and the matter requires further study; and that optimal diurnal responses are distinct from optimal long-term variations in gs , which emerge from optimal shifts in carbon partitioning at the whole-plant scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas N Buckley
- Plant Breeding Institute, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Sydney, Narrabri, New South Wales, 2390, Australia
| | - Lawren Sack
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095, United States
| | - Graham D Farquhar
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, 0200, Australia
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Chater CCC, Caine RS, Fleming AJ, Gray JE. Origins and Evolution of Stomatal Development. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 174:624-638. [PMID: 28356502 PMCID: PMC5462063 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The fossil record suggests stomata-like pores were present on the surfaces of land plants over 400 million years ago. Whether stomata arose once or whether they arose independently across newly evolving land plant lineages has long been a matter of debate. In Arabidopsis, a genetic toolbox has been identified that tightly controls stomatal development and patterning. This includes the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors SPEECHLESS (SPCH), MUTE, FAMA, and ICE/SCREAMs (SCRMs), which promote stomatal formation. These factors are regulated via a signaling cascade, which includes mobile EPIDERMAL PATTERNING FACTOR (EPF) peptides to enforce stomatal spacing. Mosses and hornworts, the most ancient extant lineages to possess stomata, possess orthologs of these Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) stomatal toolbox genes, and manipulation in the model bryophyte Physcomitrella patens has shown that the bHLH and EPF components are also required for moss stomatal development and patterning. This supports an ancient and tightly conserved genetic origin of stomata. Here, we review recent discoveries and, by interrogating newly available plant genomes, we advance the story of stomatal development and patterning across land plant evolution. Furthermore, we identify potential orthologs of the key toolbox genes in a hornwort, further supporting a single ancient genetic origin of stomata in the ancestor to all stomatous land plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caspar C C Chater
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Cuernavaca 62210, Mexico (C.C.C.C.);
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom (R.S.C., J.E.G.); and
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom (A.J.F.)
| | - Robert S Caine
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Cuernavaca 62210, Mexico (C.C.C.C.)
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom (R.S.C., J.E.G.); and
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom (A.J.F.)
| | - Andrew J Fleming
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Cuernavaca 62210, Mexico (C.C.C.C.)
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom (R.S.C., J.E.G.); and
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom (A.J.F.)
| | - Julie E Gray
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Cuernavaca 62210, Mexico (C.C.C.C.)
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom (R.S.C., J.E.G.); and
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom (A.J.F.)
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Brodribb TJ, McAdam SAM. Evolution of the Stomatal Regulation of Plant Water Content. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 174:639-649. [PMID: 28404725 PMCID: PMC5462025 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Changes in the function of stomata from the earliest bryophytes to derived angiosperms are examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Brodribb
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Scott A M McAdam
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart TAS 7001, Australia
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