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Zhong H, Lin H, Pang Q, Zhuang J, Liu X, Li X, Liu J, Tang J. Macrophage ICAM-1 functions as a regulator of phagocytosis in LPS induced endotoxemia. Inflamm Res 2021; 70:193-203. [PMID: 33474594 PMCID: PMC7817350 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-021-01437-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), a transmembrane glycoprotein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily, plays a critical role in mediating cell-cell interaction and outside-in cell signaling during the immune response. ICAM-1 is expressed on the cell surface of several cell types including endothelial cells, epithelial cells, leucocytes, fibroblasts, and neutrophils. Despite ICAM-1 has been detected on macrophage, little is known about the function and mechanism of macrophage ICAM-1. METHODS To investigate the role of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in ICAM-1 regulation, both the protein and cell surface expression of ICAM-1 were measured. The phagocytosis of macrophage was evaluated by flow cytometry and Confocal microscopy. Small interfering RNA and neutralizing antibody of ICAM-1 were used to assess the effect of ICAM-1 on macrophage phagocytosis. TLR4 gene knockout mouse and cytoplasmic and mitochondrial ROS scavenger were used for the regulation of ICAM-1 expression. ROS was determined using flow cytometry. RESULTS In this study, we reported that macrophage can be stimulated to increase both the protein and cell surface expression of ICAM-1 by LPS. Macrophage ICAM-1 expression was correlated with enhanced macrophage phagocytosis. We found that using ICAM-1 neutralizing antibody or ICAM-1 silencing to attenuate the function or expression of ICAM-1 could decrease LPS-induced macrophage phagocytosis. Furthermore, we found that knocking out of TLR4 led to inhibited cytoplasmic and mitochondrial ROS production, which in turn, attenuated ICAM-1 expression at both the protein and cell surface levels. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that the mechanism of ICAM-1-mediated macrophage phagocytosis is depending on TLR4-mediated ROS production and provides significant light on macrophage ICAM-1 in endotoxemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanhui Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Haitao Lin
- Health Management Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524000, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiongni Pang
- The Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, SouthernMedicalUniversity, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinling Zhuang
- The Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524000, Guangdong, China
- The Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, SouthernMedicalUniversity, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaolei Liu
- The Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524000, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaolian Li
- The Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524000, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinghua Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Jing Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
- The Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524000, Guangdong, China.
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52
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Tamashunas AC, Katiyar A, Zhang Q, Purkayastha P, Singh PK, Chukkapalli SS, Lele TP. Osteoprotegerin is sensitive to actomyosin tension in human periodontal ligament fibroblasts. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:5715-5724. [PMID: 33400284 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PdLFs) are an elongated cell type in the periodontium with matrix and bone regulatory functions which become abnormal in periodontal disease (PD). Here we found that the normally elongated and oriented PdLF nucleus becomes rounded and loses orientation in a mouse model of PD. Using in vitro micropatterning of cultured primary PdLF cell shape, we show that PdLF elongation correlates with nuclear elongation and the presence of thicker, contractile F-actin fibers. The rounded nuclei in mouse PD models in vivo are, therefore, indicative of reduced actomyosin tension. Inhibiting actomyosin contractility by inhibiting myosin light chain kinase, Rho kinase or myosin ATPase activity, in cultured PdLFs each consistently reduced messenger RNA levels of bone regulatory protein osteoprotegerin (OPG). Infection of cultured PdLFs with two different types of periodontal bacteria (Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum) failed to recapitulate the observed nuclear rounding in vivo, upregulated nonmuscle myosin II phosphorylation and downregulated OPG. Collectively, our results add support to the hypothesis that PdLF contractility becomes decreased and contributes to disease progression in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C Tamashunas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Aditya Katiyar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Qiao Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Purboja Purkayastha
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Pankaj K Singh
- GCC Center for Advanced Microscopy and Image Informatics, Houston, Texas, USA.,Center for Translational Cancer Research, Texas A&M University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sasanka S Chukkapalli
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,Center for Molecular Microbiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Tanmay P Lele
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.,Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.,Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
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53
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Pan M, Jin T. Imaging GPCR-Mediated Signal Events Leading to Chemotaxis and Phagocytosis. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2304:207-220. [PMID: 34028719 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1402-0_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Eukaryotic phagocytes locate microorganisms via chemotaxis and consume them through phagocytosis. The social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum is a stereotypical phagocyte and a well-established model to study both processes. Recent studies show that a G-protein-coupled receptor (fAR1) mediate a signaling network to control reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton leading both the directional cell movement and the engulfment of bacteria. Many live cell imaging methods have been developed and applied to monitor these signaling events. In this chapter, we will introduce how to measure GPCR-mediated signaling events for cell migration and phagocytosis in Dictyostelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Pan
- Chemotaxis Signal Section, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, NIH, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Tian Jin
- Chemotaxis Signal Section, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, NIH, Rockville, MD, USA.
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54
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Hao Y, Cheng S, Tanaka Y, Hosokawa Y, Yalikun Y, Li M. Mechanical properties of single cells: Measurement methods and applications. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 45:107648. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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55
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Saito-Nakano Y, Wahyuni R, Nakada-Tsukui K, Tomii K, Nozaki T. Rab7D small GTPase is involved in phago-, trogocytosis and cytoskeletal reorganization in the enteric protozoan Entamoeba histolytica. Cell Microbiol 2020; 23:e13267. [PMID: 32975360 PMCID: PMC7757265 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Rab small GTPases regulate membrane traffic between distinct cellular compartments of all eukaryotes in a tempo‐spatially specific fashion. Rab small GTPases are also involved in the regulation of cytoskeleton and signalling. Membrane traffic and cytoskeletal regulation play pivotal role in the pathogenesis of Entamoeba histolytica, which is a protozoan parasite responsible for human amebiasis. E. histolytica is unique in that its genome encodes over 100 Rab proteins, containing multiple isotypes of conserved members (e.g., Rab7) and Entamoeba‐specific subgroups (e.g., RabA, B, and X). Among them, E. histolytica Rab7 is the most diversified group consisting of nine isotypes. While it was previously demonstrated that EhRab7A and EhRab7B are involved in lysosome and phagosome biogenesis, the individual roles of other Rab7 members and their coordination remain elusive. In this study, we characterised the third member of Rab7, Rab7D, to better understand the significance of the multiplicity of Rab7 isotypes in E. histolytica. Overexpression of EhRab7D caused reduction in phagocytosis of erythrocytes, trogocytosis (meaning nibbling or chewing of a portion) of live mammalian cells, and phagosome acidification and maturation. Conversely, transcriptional gene silencing of EhRab7D gene caused opposite phenotypes in phago/trogocytosis and phagosome maturation. Furthermore, EhRab7D gene silencing caused reduction in the attachment to and the motility on the collagen‐coated surface. Image analysis showed that EhRab7D was occasionally associated with lysosomes and prephagosomal vacuoles, but not with mature phagosomes and trogosomes. Finally, in silico prediction of structural organisation of EhRab7 isotypes identified unique amino acid changes on the effector binding surface of EhRab7D. Taken together, our data suggest that EhRab7D plays coordinated counteracting roles: a inhibitory role in phago/trogocytosis and lyso/phago/trogosome biogenesis, and an stimulatory role in adherence and motility, presumably via interaction with unique effectors. Finally, we propose the model in which three EhRab7 isotypes are sequentially involved in phago/trogocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumiko Saito-Nakano
- Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ratna Wahyuni
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.,Department of Health, Faculty of Vocational Studies, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Kumiko Nakada-Tsukui
- Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Tomii
- Artificial Intelligence Research Center (AIRC) and Real World Big-Data Computation Open Innovation Laboratory (RWBC-OIL), National Institute of Advance Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoyoshi Nozaki
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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56
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Lee JH, Liu A, Park JH, Kato H, Hao Q, Zhang X, Zhou L, Lee JW. Therapeutic Effects of Hyaluronic Acid in Peritonitis-Induced Sepsis in Mice. Shock 2020; 54:488-497. [PMID: 31977961 PMCID: PMC7369239 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Intra-abdominal infection is the second most common cause of sepsis, and the mortality rate from abdominal sepsis remains high. High molecular weight (HMW) hyaluronic acid (HA) has been studied in sterile injury models as an anti-inflammatory and anti-permeability agent. This study evaluated the therapeutic effects of intraperitoneal HMW HA administration in mice with peritonitis-induced sepsis. Sepsis was induced in C57BL/6 mice by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), followed 4 h later by an intraperitoneal injection of HMW HA (20 mg/kg) solution or phosphate buffered saline (PBS). Survival, physiological data, organ injury, bacterial burden, and inflammatory cytokine levels were assessed in the CLP mice. To assess the effect of HA on macrophage phagocytosis activity, RAW264.7 cells, primed with lipopolysaccharide, were exposed with either PBS or HMW HA (500 μg/mL) prior to exposure to 10 CFU of E coli bacteria. HMW HA instillation significantly improved blood oxygenation, lung histology, and survival in CLP mice. Inflammatory cytokine levels in the plasma and bacterial burdens in the lung and spleen were significantly decreased by HA administration at 24 h after CLP. At 6 h after CLP, HA significantly decreased bacterial burden in the peritoneal lavage fluid. HMW HA administration significantly increased E coli bacterial phagocytosis by RAW264.7 cells in part through increased phosphorylation of ezrin/radixin/moesin, a known downstream target of CD44 (a HA receptor); ezrin inhibition abolished the enhanced phagocytosis by RAW264.7 cells induced by HA. Intraperitoneal administration of HMW HA had therapeutic effects against CLP-induced sepsis in terms of suppressing inflammation and increasing antimicrobial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hoon Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Airan Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Jeong-Hyun Park
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Hideya Kato
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Qi Hao
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Xiwen Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Jae-Woo Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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57
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Taefehshokr N, Yin C, Heit B. Rab GTPases in the differential processing of phagocytosed pathogens versus efferocytosed apoptotic cells. Histol Histopathol 2020; 36:123-135. [PMID: 32990320 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Phagocytosis is an important feature of innate immunity in which invading microorganisms are engulfed, killed and degraded - and in some immune cells, their antigens presented to adaptive immune system. A closely related process, efferocytosis, removes apoptotic cells, and is essential for the maintenance of homeostasis. Both phagocytosis and efferocytosis are tightly regulated processes that involve target recognition and uptake through specific receptors, followed by endolysosomal trafficking and processing of the internalized target. Central to the uptake and trafficking of these targets are the Rab family of small GTPases, which coordinate the engulfment and trafficking of both phagocytosed and efferocytosed materials through the endolysosomal system. Because of this regulatory function, Rab GTPases are often targeted by pathogens to escape phagocytosis. In this review, we will discuss the shared and differential roles of Rab GTPases in phagocytosis and efferocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Taefehshokr
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Human Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Charles Yin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Human Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bryan Heit
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Human Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada. .,Associate Scientist, Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
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58
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Valverde A, Nares S, Naqvi AR. Impaired cell migration and structural defects in myeloid cells overexpressing miR-30b and miR-142-3p. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2020; 1863:194628. [PMID: 32979559 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2020.194628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages (MΦ) and dendritic cells (DC) play a fundamental role in shaping immune responses by sensing a plethora of Pathogen Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs), phagocytosis and antigen presentation to T lymphocytes. These important biological processes require efficient cell movement and an intact cellular morphology for dynamic interaction. The role of microRNAs (miRs) in this regard, however, is not well understood. In the present study, we show that miR-30b and miR-142-3p regulate migration and morphology of MΦ and DC. Transient overexpression of miR-30b and miR-142-3p attenuates migration and these cells display unique morphological deformities observed under electron microscopy. In addition, miR-142-3p overexpression in MΦ impaired phagocytosis of FITC-conjugated latex beads using live microscopy imaging. Interestingly, live cell imaging and F-actin staining revealed marked changes in the cell polarity and actin polymerization status, respectively. To identify miR-142-3p regulated pathways, we profiled global transcriptome changes in miR-142-3p or control mimic transfected DC. Expression of several genes were differentially altered by miR-142-3p and were associated with pathways related to cell movement, cell adhesion, and cytoskeletal rearrangement. Bioinformatics analysis identified a significant subset of downregulated genes with one or more predicted miR-142-3p binding sites in their 3'UTR strongly suggesting direct post-transcriptional impact of these miRNAs on multiple transcripts. Using dual luciferase assays, novel miR-142-3p binding sites were validated for three genes (Vinculin, Dab2 and Skap2) directly associated with cytoskeletal rearrangement and cell movement. In summary, our results show that miR-30b and miR-142-3p are regulators of myeloid cell cytoskeletal homeostasis and morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Araceli Valverde
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, United States of America
| | - Salvador Nares
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, United States of America
| | - Afsar Raza Naqvi
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, United States of America.
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59
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The influenza virus NS1A binding protein gene modulates macrophages response to cytokines and phagocytic potential in inflammation. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15302. [PMID: 32943673 PMCID: PMC7498593 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72342-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages show remarkable phenotypic plasticity in response to environmental signals. Although it is generally less considered, cytoskeletal changes in macrophages influence their phenotype, including phagocytosis and secretion of soluble cytokines. Influenza virus NS1A-binding protein (Ivns1abp) belongs to the Kelch family of proteins that play a central role in actin cytoskeleton dynamics by directly associating with F-actin and by protecting against actin derangement. Due to its role in cytoskeleton preservation, the Ivns1abp gene might be a critical regulator of the macrophage phenotype and function under inflammatory conditions. In this study, we determine that the modulation of the Ivns1abp gene in macrophages could modify resistance to macrophages against inflammation and maintain functional phagocytosis. Our results indicate that inflammatory insults inhibit the Ivns1abp gene, whereby phagocytosis is inhibited and the ability of macrophages to induce proliferation and repair of damaged cells is compromised. Furthermore, our results show that inflammatory insults alter the activity of the transcription factor c-myc, a factor which directly modulates the expression of the Ivns1abp gene. In conclusion, this study demonstrates a central role of lvns1abp in promoting and preserving a reparative macrophage phenotype and resistance to this inflammatory environment.
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60
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Yuan P, Hu X, Zhou Q. The nanomaterial-induced bystander effects reprogrammed macrophage immune function and metabolic profile. Nanotoxicology 2020; 14:1137-1155. [PMID: 32916084 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2020.1817598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Bystander effects in biological systems are the responses shown by nontargeted neighboring cells, and critical to the bio-nano interface interactions. In addition to direct effects, bystander effects also determine the design, applications and safety of nanomaterials, although the related information of nanomaterial-induced bystander effects remain largely unknown. A coculture system of A549 and THP-1 was established to mimic the lung microenvironment to study the bystander effects of WS2 nanosheets (representative transition-metal dichalcogenide nanosheets) on microenvironment macrophages during the inhalation exposure or the nanomaterial biomedical application in the lung. Lung cells exposed to WS2 nanosheet resulted in an increase in reactive oxygen species and the depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential in neighboring macrophages. Bystander exposure also induced macrophage polarization toward the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype, which is adverse to disease therapy. Metabolomics showed that WS2 nanosheets disturbed the energy metabolism and amino acid metabolism of macrophages, consistent with the metabolic characteristics of M2 macrophages. Nitric oxide-transforming growth factor-β1 played an important mediator in the bystander effects. Importantly, WS2 nanosheet bystander exposure affected macrophage phagocytosis and migration and altered the macrophage immune response to endotoxin. This study improves the current understanding of bio-nano interactions and highlights the importance of neighboring cell responses, allowing us to use the maximum benefits of nanomaterials while limiting their adverse bystander effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xiangang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qixing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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61
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Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Inhibits Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Cells by Airway Epithelial Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:5287131. [PMID: 32879883 PMCID: PMC7448217 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5287131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Professional phagocytes such as dendritic cells and macrophages can ingest particles larger than 0.5 μm in diameter. Epithelial cells are nonprofessional phagocytes that cannot ingest pathogenic microorganisms, but they can ingest apoptotic cells. Inhibition of the engulfment of apoptotic cells by the airway epithelium can cause severe airway inflammation. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an angiogenesis-promoting factor that can mediate allergic airway inflammation and can promote airway epithelial cells (AECs) proliferation, but it is not clear whether it affects the engulfment of apoptotic cells by AECs. In the present study, VEGF inhibited engulfment of apoptotic cells by AECs via binding to VEGF receptor(R)2. This inhibitory effect of VEGF was not influenced by masking of phosphatidylserine (PS) on the surface of apoptotic cells and was partially mediated by the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. VEGF inhibition of phagocytosis involved polymerization of actin and downregulation of the expression of the phagocytic-associated protein Beclin-1 in AECs. Since engulfment of apoptotic cells by AECs is an important mechanism for airway inflammation regression, VEGF inhibition of the engulfment of apoptotic cells by airway epithelial cells may be important for mediating allergic airway inflammation.
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62
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Wakida NM, Gomez-Godinez V, Li H, Nguyen J, Kim EK, Dynes JL, Othy S, Lau AL, Ding P, Shi L, Carmona C, Thompson LM, Cahalan MD, Berns MW. Calcium Dynamics in Astrocytes During Cell Injury. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:912. [PMID: 32984268 PMCID: PMC7481337 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The changes in intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]) following laser-induced cell injury in nearby cells were studied in primary mouse astrocytes selectively expressing the Ca2+ sensitive GFAP-Cre Salsa6f fluorescent tandem protein, in an Ast1 astrocyte cell line, and in primary mouse astrocytes loaded with Fluo4. Astrocytes in these three systems exhibit distinct changes in [Ca2+] following induced death of nearby cells. Changes in [Ca2+] appear to result from release of Ca2+ from intracellular organelles, as opposed to influx from the external medium. Salsa6f expressing astrocytes displayed dynamic Ca2+ changes throughout the phagocytic response, including lamellae protrusion, cytosolic signaling during vesicle formation, vesicle maturation, and vesicle tract formation. Our results demonstrate local changes in [Ca2+] are involved in the process of phagocytosis in astrocytes responding to cell corpses and/or debris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Wakida
- Beckman Laser Institute & Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Veronica Gomez-Godinez
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Huayan Li
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Jessica Nguyen
- Beckman Laser Institute & Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Edward K Kim
- Beckman Laser Institute & Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Joseph L Dynes
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Shivashankar Othy
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Alice L Lau
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Peng Ding
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Linda Shi
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Christopher Carmona
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Leslie M Thompson
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States.,Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States.,Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States.,Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Michael D Cahalan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States.,Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Michael W Berns
- Beckman Laser Institute & Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States.,Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
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63
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Formation and Maturation of the Phagosome: A Key Mechanism in Innate Immunity against Intracellular Bacterial Infection. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8091298. [PMID: 32854338 PMCID: PMC7564318 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8091298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Phagocytosis is an essential mechanism in innate immune defense, and in maintaining homeostasis to eliminate apoptotic cells or microbes, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Salmonella enterica, Streptococcus pyogenes and Legionella pneumophila. After internalizing microbial pathogens via phagocytosis, phagosomes undergo a series of ‘maturation’ steps, to form an increasingly acidified compartment and subsequently fuse with the lysosome to develop into phagolysosomes and effectively eliminate the invading pathogens. Through this mechanism, phagocytes, including macrophages, neutrophils and dendritic cells, are involved in the processing of microbial pathogens and antigen presentation to T cells to initiate adaptive immune responses. Therefore, phagocytosis plays a role in the bridge between innate and adaptive immunity. However, intracellular bacteria have evolved diverse strategies to survive and replicate within hosts. In this review, we describe the sequential stages in the phagocytosis process. We also discuss the immune evasion strategies used by pathogens to regulate phagosome maturation during intracellular bacterial infection, and indicate that these might be used for the development of potential therapeutic strategies for infectious diseases.
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Hasan MM, Teixeira JE, Lam YW, Huston CD. Coactosin Phosphorylation Controls Entamoeba histolytica Cell Membrane Protrusions and Cell Motility. mBio 2020; 11:e00660-20. [PMID: 32753489 PMCID: PMC7407079 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00660-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasion of the colon wall by Entamoeba histolytica during amoebic dysentery entails migration of trophozoites through tissue layers that are rich in extracellular matrix. Transcriptional silencing of the E. histolytica surface metalloprotease EhMSP-1 produces hyperadherent less-motile trophozoites that are deficient in forming invadosomes. Reversible protein phosphorylation is often implicated in regulation of cell motility and invadosome formation. To identify such intermediaries of the EhMSP-1-silenced phenotype, here we compared the phosphoproteomes of EhMSP-1-silenced and vector control trophozoites by using quantitative tandem mass spectrometry-based proteomics. Six proteins were found to be differentially phosphorylated in EhMSP-1-silenced and control cells, including EhCoactosin, a member of the ADF/cofilin family of actin-binding proteins, which was more frequently phosphorylated at serine 147. Regulated overexpression of wild-type, phosphomimetic, and nonphosphorylatable EhCoactosin variants was used to test if phosphorylation functions in control of E. histolytica actin dynamics. Each of the overexpressed proteins colocalized with F-actin during E. histolytica phagocytosis. Nonetheless, trophozoites overexpressing an EhCoactosin phosphomimetic mutant formed more and poorly coordinated cell membrane protrusions compared to those in control or cells expressing a nonphosphorylatable mutant, while trophozoites overexpressing nonphosphorylatable EhCoactosin were significantly more motile within a model of mammalian extracellular matrix. Therefore, although EhCoactosin's actin-binding ability appeared unaffected by phosphorylation, EhCoactosin phosphorylation helps to regulate amoebic motility. These data help to understand the mechanisms underlying altered adherence and motility in EhMSP-1-silenced trophozoites and lay the groundwork for identifying kinases and phosphatases critical for control of amoebic invasiveness.IMPORTANCE Invasive amoebiasis, caused by the intestinal parasite Entamoeba histolytica, causes life-threatening diarrhea and liver abscesses, but, for unknown reasons, only approximately 10% of E. histolytica infections become symptomatic. A key requirement of invasion is the ability of the parasite to migrate through tissue layers. Here, we systematically looked for differences in protein phosphorylation between control parasites and a previously identified hyperadherent E. histolytica cell line that has reduced motility. We identified EhCoactosin, an actin-binding protein not previously known to be phosphoregulated, as one of the differentially phosphorylated proteins in E. histolytica and demonstrated that EhCoactosin phosphorylation functions in control of cell membrane dynamics and amoebic motility. This and the additional differentially phosphorylated proteins reported lay the groundwork for identifying kinases and phosphatases that regulate tissue invasiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad M Hasan
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, USA
- Cellular, Molecular, and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - José E Teixeira
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Ying-Wai Lam
- Proteomics Facility, Vermont Genetics Network, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Christopher D Huston
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, USA
- Cellular, Molecular, and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
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65
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Vorselen D, Labitigan RLD, Theriot JA. A mechanical perspective on phagocytic cup formation. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2020; 66:112-122. [PMID: 32698097 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2020.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Phagocytosis is a widespread and evolutionarily conserved process with diverse biological functions, ranging from engulfment of invading microbes during infection to clearance of apoptotic debris in tissue homeostasis. Along with differences in biochemical composition, phagocytic targets greatly differ in physical attributes, such as size, shape, and rigidity, which are now recognized as important regulators of this process. Force exertion at the cell-target interface and cellular mechanical changes during phagocytosis are emerging as crucial factors underlying sensing of such target properties. With technological developments, mechanical aspects of phagocytosis are increasingly accessible experimentally, revealing remarkable organizational complexity of force exertion. An increasingly high-resolution picture is emerging of how target physical cues and cellular mechanical properties jointly govern important steps throughout phagocytic engulfment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daan Vorselen
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Ramon Lorenzo D Labitigan
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Julie A Theriot
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA.
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66
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Chhatre A, Sanghavi P, Mallik R. Lis1 co-localizes with actin in the phagocytic cup and regulates phagocytosis. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2020; 77:249-260. [PMID: 32524725 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Phagocytosis, the ingestion of solid particles by cells is essential for nutrient uptake, innate immune response, antigen presentation and organelle homeostasis. Here we show that Lissencephaly-1 (Lis1), a well-known regulator of the microtubule motor dynein, co-localizes with actin at the phagocytic cup in the early stages of phagocytosis. Both knockdown and overexpression of Lis1 perturb phagocytosis, suggesting that Lis1 levels may be regulated during particle engulfment to facilitate remodeling of actin filaments within the phagocytic cup. This requirement of Lis1 is replicated in mouse macrophage cells as well as in the amoeba Dictyostelium, indicating an evolutionarily conserved role for Lis1 in phagocytosis. In support of these findings, Dictyostelium cells overexpressing Lis1 show defects in migration possibly caused by dysregulated actin. Taken together, Lis1 localizes to the phagocytic cup and influences the actin cytoskeleton in a manner that appears important for the uptake of solid particles into cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Chhatre
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
| | - Paulomi Sanghavi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
| | - Roop Mallik
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
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67
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Anaerobic metabolism of Foraminifera thriving below the seafloor. ISME JOURNAL 2020; 14:2580-2594. [PMID: 32641728 PMCID: PMC7490399 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-020-0708-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Foraminifera are single-celled eukaryotes (protists) of large ecological importance, as well as environmental and paleoenvironmental indicators and biostratigraphic tools. In addition, they are capable of surviving in anoxic marine environments where they represent a major component of the benthic community. However, the cellular adaptations of Foraminifera to the anoxic environment remain poorly constrained. We sampled an oxic-anoxic transition zone in marine sediments from the Namibian shelf, where the genera Bolivina and Stainforthia dominated the Foraminifera community, and use metatranscriptomics to characterize Foraminifera metabolism across the different geochemical conditions. Relative Foraminifera gene expression in anoxic sediment increased an order of magnitude, which was confirmed in a 10-day incubation experiment where the development of anoxia coincided with a 20–40-fold increase in the relative abundance of Foraminifera protein encoding transcripts, attributed primarily to those involved in protein synthesis, intracellular protein trafficking, and modification of the cytoskeleton. This indicated that many Foraminifera were not only surviving but thriving, under the anoxic conditions. The anaerobic energy metabolism of these active Foraminifera was characterized by fermentation of sugars and amino acids, fumarate reduction, and potentially dissimilatory nitrate reduction. Moreover, the gene expression data indicate that under anoxia Foraminifera use the phosphogen creatine phosphate as an ATP store, allowing reserves of high-energy phosphate pool to be maintained for sudden demands of increased energy during anaerobic metabolism. This was co-expressed alongside genes involved in phagocytosis and clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME). Foraminifera may use CME to utilize dissolved organic matter as a carbon and energy source, in addition to ingestion of prey cells via phagocytosis. These anaerobic metabolic mechanisms help to explain the ecological success of Foraminifera documented in the fossil record since the Cambrian period more than 500 million years ago.
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68
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Blangy A, Bompard G, Guerit D, Marie P, Maurin J, Morel A, Vives V. The osteoclast cytoskeleton - current understanding and therapeutic perspectives for osteoporosis. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:133/13/jcs244798. [PMID: 32611680 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.244798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoclasts are giant multinucleated myeloid cells specialized for bone resorption, which is essential for the preservation of bone health throughout life. The activity of osteoclasts relies on the typical organization of osteoclast cytoskeleton components into a highly complex structure comprising actin, microtubules and other cytoskeletal proteins that constitutes the backbone of the bone resorption apparatus. The development of methods to differentiate osteoclasts in culture and manipulate them genetically, as well as improvements in cell imaging technologies, has shed light onto the molecular mechanisms that control the structure and dynamics of the osteoclast cytoskeleton, and thus the mechanism of bone resorption. Although essential for normal bone physiology, abnormal osteoclast activity can cause bone defects, in particular their hyper-activation is commonly associated with many pathologies, hormonal imbalance and medical treatments. Increased bone degradation by osteoclasts provokes progressive bone loss, leading to osteoporosis, with the resulting bone frailty leading to fractures, loss of autonomy and premature death. In this context, the osteoclast cytoskeleton has recently proven to be a relevant therapeutic target for controlling pathological bone resorption levels. Here, we review the present knowledge on the regulatory mechanisms of the osteoclast cytoskeleton that control their bone resorption activity in normal and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Blangy
- Centre de Recherche de Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier (CRBM), Montpellier Univ., CNRS, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Guillaume Bompard
- Centre de Recherche de Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier (CRBM), Montpellier Univ., CNRS, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - David Guerit
- Centre de Recherche de Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier (CRBM), Montpellier Univ., CNRS, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Pauline Marie
- Centre de Recherche de Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier (CRBM), Montpellier Univ., CNRS, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Justine Maurin
- Centre de Recherche de Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier (CRBM), Montpellier Univ., CNRS, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Anne Morel
- Centre de Recherche de Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier (CRBM), Montpellier Univ., CNRS, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Virginie Vives
- Centre de Recherche de Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier (CRBM), Montpellier Univ., CNRS, 34000 Montpellier, France
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69
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Chemical genetics strategy to profile kinase target engagement reveals role of FES in neutrophil phagocytosis. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3216. [PMID: 32587248 PMCID: PMC7316778 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17027-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemical tools to monitor drug-target engagement of endogenously expressed protein kinases are highly desirable for preclinical target validation in drug discovery. Here, we describe a chemical genetics strategy to selectively study target engagement of endogenous kinases. By substituting a serine residue into cysteine at the DFG-1 position in the ATP-binding pocket, we sensitize the non-receptor tyrosine kinase FES towards covalent labeling by a complementary fluorescent chemical probe. This mutation is introduced in the endogenous FES gene of HL-60 cells using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing. Leveraging the temporal and acute control offered by our strategy, we show that FES activity is dispensable for differentiation of HL-60 cells towards macrophages. Instead, FES plays a key role in neutrophil phagocytosis via SYK kinase activation. This chemical genetics strategy holds promise as a target validation method for kinases.
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70
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Ndao O, Puech PH, Bérard C, Limozin L, Rabhi S, Azas N, Dubey JP, Dumètre A. Dynamics of Toxoplasma gondii Oocyst Phagocytosis by Macrophages. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:207. [PMID: 32509593 PMCID: PMC7248298 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Oocysts are the environmentally resistant stage of the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii. They are responsible for foodborne infections in humans and animals worldwide. Infectious oocysts contain sporozoites that have to exit the sporocyst and oocyst walls to initiate replication of the parasite within the host tissues. Given their robustness and resistance to chemical degradation, it is still unclear how the oocyst and sporocyst walls release the sporozoites. This process called excystation is thought to occur in the small intestine as a result of the combined action of digestive agents, yet to be identified. By using an oocyst-macrophage co-culture platform, we previously demonstrated in vitro that the excystation of sporozoites and their differentiation into replicative tachyzoites could occur in absence of digestive factors, following phagocytosis by macrophages. Here, we further characterize the dynamics of the oocyst phagocytosis at the single-cell level by using optical tweezers and micropipette aspiration techniques. Our results show that the oocyst internalization kinetics can vary among a given population of macrophages, but similar processes and dynamics could be observed. Most of the cells manipulate oocysts for ~15 min before internalizing them in typically 30 min. This process mainly involves the actin cytoskeleton of the macrophages. Liberated sporozoites within macrophages then differentiate into tachyzoites within 4-6 h following oocyst-macrophage contact. Tachyzoites appear to develop better in macrophages challenged with free sporocysts or sporozoites than with whole oocysts, suggesting that opening of the oocyst wall is one of the most limiting steps for sporozoite excystation completion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Ndao
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Pierre-Henri Puech
- Aix Marseille Univ, LAI UM 61, Marseille, France
- Inserm, UMR_S 1067, Marseille, France
- CNRS, UMR 7333, Marseille, France
| | - Camille Bérard
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Laurent Limozin
- Aix Marseille Univ, LAI UM 61, Marseille, France
- Inserm, UMR_S 1067, Marseille, France
- CNRS, UMR 7333, Marseille, France
| | - Sameh Rabhi
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Nadine Azas
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Jitender P. Dubey
- Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, United States
| | - Aurélien Dumètre
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
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71
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RIAM-VASP Module Relays Integrin Complement Receptors in Outside-In Signaling Driving Particle Engulfment. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051166. [PMID: 32397169 PMCID: PMC7291270 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The phagocytic integrins and complement receptors αMβ2/CR3 and αXβ2/CR4 are classically associated with the phagocytosis of iC3b-opsonized particles. The activation of this receptor is dependent on signals derived from other receptors (inside-out signaling) with the crucial involvement of the Rap1-RIAM-Talin-1 pathway. Here, we analyze the implication of RIAM and its binding partner VASP in the signaling events occurring downstream of β2 integrins (outside-in) during complement-mediated phagocytosis. To this end, we used HL-60 promyelocytic cell lines deficient in RIAM or VASP or overexpressing EGFP-tagged VASP to determine VASP dynamics at phagocytic cups. Our results indicate that RIAM-deficient HL-60 cells presented impaired particle internalization and altered integrin downstream signaling during complement-dependent phagocytosis. Similarly, VASP deficiency completely blocked phagocytosis, while VASP overexpression increased the random movement of phagocytic particles at the cell surface, with reduced internalization. Moreover, the recruitment of VASP to particle contact sites, amount of pSer157-VASP and formation of actin-rich phagocytic cups were dependent on RIAM expression. Our results suggested that RIAM worked as a relay for integrin complement receptors in outside-in signaling, coordinating integrin activation and cytoskeletal rearrangements via its interaction with VASP.
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72
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Development of a new macrophage-specific TRAP mouse (Mac TRAP) and definition of the renal macrophage translational signature. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7519. [PMID: 32372032 PMCID: PMC7200716 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63514-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue macrophages play an important role in organ homeostasis, immunity and the pathogenesis of various inflammation-driven diseases. One major challenge has been to selectively study resident macrophages in highly heterogeneous organs such as kidney. To address this problem, we adopted a Translational Ribosome Affinity Purification (TRAP)- approach and designed a transgene that expresses an eGFP-tagged ribosomal protein (L10a) under the control of the macrophage-specific c-fms promoter to generate c-fms-eGFP-L10a transgenic mice (MacTRAP). Rigorous characterization found no gross abnormalities in MacTRAP mice and confirmed transgene expression across various organs. Immunohistological analyses of MacTRAP kidneys identified eGFP-L10a expressing cells in the tubulointerstitial compartment which stained positive for macrophage marker F4/80. Inflammatory challenge led to robust eGFP-L10a upregulation in kidney, confirming MacTRAP responsiveness in vivo. We successfully extracted macrophage-specific polysomal RNA from MacTRAP kidneys and conducted RNA sequencing followed by bioinformatical analyses, hereby establishing a comprehensive and unique in vivo gene expression and pathway signature of resident renal macrophages. In summary, we created, validated and applied a new, responsive macrophage-specific TRAP mouse line, defining the translational profile of renal macrophages and dendritic cells. This new tool may be of great value for the study of macrophage biology in different organs and various models of injury and disease.
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73
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Kim JS, Yoon SJ, Park YJ, Kim SY, Ryu CM. Crossing the kingdom border: Human diseases caused by plant pathogens. Environ Microbiol 2020; 22:2485-2495. [PMID: 32307848 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between pathogenic microorganisms and their hosts are varied and complex, encompassing open-field scale interactions to interactions at the molecular level. The capacity of plant pathogenic bacteria and fungi to cause diseases in human and animal systems was, until recently, considered of minor importance. However, recent evidence suggests that animal and human infections caused by plant pathogenic fungi, bacteria and viruses may have critical impacts on human and animal health and safety. This review analyses previous research on plant pathogens as causal factors of animal illness. In addition, a case study involving disruption of type III effector-mediated phagocytosis in a human cell line upon infection with an opportunistic phytopathogen, Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato, is discussed. Further knowledge regarding the molecular interactions between plant pathogens and human and animal hosts is needed to understand the extent of disease incidence and determine mechanisms for disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Seob Kim
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yuseng-gu, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Sung-Jin Yoon
- Environmental Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yuseng-gu, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Young-Jun Park
- Environmental Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yuseng-gu, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Seon-Yeong Kim
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yuseng-gu, Daejeon, South Korea.,Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Choong-Min Ryu
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yuseng-gu, Daejeon, South Korea
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74
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Tripathi A, Jain M, Chandra M, Parveen S, Yadav R, Collins BM, Maiti S, Datta S. EhC2B, a C2 domain-containing protein, promotes erythrophagocytosis in Entamoeba histolytica via actin nucleation. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008489. [PMID: 32365140 PMCID: PMC7197785 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Remodelling of the actin cytoskeleton in response to external stimuli is obligatory for many cellular processes in the amoebic cell. A rapid and local rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton is required for the development of the cellular protrusions during phagocytosis, trogocytosis, migration, and invasion. Here, we demonstrated that EhC2B, a C2 domain-containing protein, is an actin modulator. EhC2B was first identified as an effector of EhRab21 from E. histolytica. In vitro interaction studies including GST pull-down, fluorescence-based assay and ITC also corroborated with our observation. In the amoebic trophozoites, EhC2B accumulates at the pseudopods and the tips of phagocytic cups. FRAP based studies confirmed the recruitment and dynamics of EhC2B at the phagocytic cup. Moreover, we have shown the role of EhC2B in erythrophagocytosis. It is well known that calcium-dependent signal transduction is essential for the cytoskeletal dynamics during phagocytosis in the amoebic parasite. Using liposome pelleting assay, we demonstrated that EhC2B preferentially binds to the phosphatidylserine in the presence of calcium. The EhC2B mutants defective in calcium or lipid-binding failed to localise beneath the plasma membrane. The cells overexpressing these mutants have also shown a significant reduction in erythrophagocytosis. The role of EhC2B in erythrophagocytosis and pseudopod formation was also validated by siRNA-based gene knockdown approach. Finally, with the help of in vitro nucleation assay using fluorescence spectroscopy and total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy, we have established that EhC2B is an actin nucleator. Collectively, based on the results from the study, we propose that EhC2B acts like a molecular bridge which promotes membrane deformation via its actin nucleation activity during the progression of the phagocytic cup in a calcium-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aashutosh Tripathi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal, India
| | - Megha Jain
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal, India
| | - Mintu Chandra
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Sameena Parveen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal, India
| | - Rupali Yadav
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal, India
| | - Brett M. Collins
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Sankar Maiti
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Sunando Datta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal, India
- * E-mail:
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75
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Fiedler T, Fabrice TN, Studer V, Vinet A, Faltova L, Kammerer RA, Steinmetz MO, Sharpe T, Pieters J. Homodimerization of coronin A through the C-terminal coiled-coil domain is essential for multicellular differentiation of Dictyostelium discoideum. FEBS Lett 2020; 594:2116-2127. [PMID: 32298460 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Coronin proteins are widely expressed among eukaryotic organisms. Most coronins consist of a WD-repeat domain followed by a C-terminal coiled coil. Dictyostelium discoideum expresses a single short coronin coronin A, which has been implicated in both actin modulation and multicellular differentiation. Whether coronin A's coiled coil is important for functionality, as well as the oligomeric state of coronin A is not known. Here, we show that the coiled-coil domain in Dictyostelium coronin A functions in homodimerization, is dispensable for coronin A stability and localization but essential for multicellular differentiation. These results allow a better understanding of the role for the coiled-coil domain of coronin A in oligomerization and demonstrate that its presence is essential for multicellular differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vera Studer
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Lenka Faltova
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Richard A Kammerer
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Michel O Steinmetz
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland
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76
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Leprêtre M, Almunia C, Armengaud J, Le Guernic A, Salvador A, Geffard A, Palos-Ladeiro M. Identification of immune-related proteins of Dreissena polymorpha hemocytes and plasma involved in host-microbe interactions by differential proteomics. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6226. [PMID: 32277127 PMCID: PMC7148315 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63321-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological responses of zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha are investigated to assess the impact of contaminants on aquatic organisms and ecosystems. In addition to concentrate chemical contaminants in their tissues, zebra mussels accumulate several microorganisms such as viruses, protozoa and bacteria. In order to understand the molecular mechanisms involved in the defence against microorganisms this study aims at identifying immune proteins from D. polymorpha hemolymph involved in defence against protozoa and viruses. For this purpose, hemolymph were exposed ex vivo to Cryptosporidium parvum and RNA poly I:C. Differential proteomics on both hemocytes and plasma revealed immune proteins modulated under exposures. Different patterns of response were observed after C. parvum and RNA poly I:C exposures. The number of modulated proteins per hemolymphatic compartments suggest that C. parvum is managed in cells while RNA poly I:C is managed in plasma after 4 h exposure. BLAST annotation and GO terms enrichment analysis revealed further characteristics of immune mechanisms. Results showed that many proteins involved in the recognition and destruction of microorganisms were modulated in both exposure conditions, while proteins related to phagocytosis and apoptosis were exclusively modulated by C. parvum. This differential proteomic analysis highlights in zebra mussels modulated proteins involved in the response to microorganisms, which reflect a broad range of immune mechanisms such as recognition, internalization and destruction of microorganisms. This study paves the way for the identification of new markers of immune processes that can be used to assess the impact of both chemical and biological contaminations on the health status of aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Leprêtre
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UMR-I 02 INERIS-URCA-ULH SEBIO Stress Environnementaux et BIOsurveillance des milieux aquatiques, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Campus du Moulin de la Housse, BP 1039, 51687, Reims, CEDEX, France
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, CNRS UMR 5280, F-69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Christine Almunia
- Laboratoire Innovations Technologiques pour la Détection et le Diagnostic (Li2D), Service de Pharmacologie et Immunoanalyse (SPI), CEA, INRA, F-30207, Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Jean Armengaud
- Laboratoire Innovations Technologiques pour la Détection et le Diagnostic (Li2D), Service de Pharmacologie et Immunoanalyse (SPI), CEA, INRA, F-30207, Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Antoine Le Guernic
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UMR-I 02 INERIS-URCA-ULH SEBIO Stress Environnementaux et BIOsurveillance des milieux aquatiques, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Campus du Moulin de la Housse, BP 1039, 51687, Reims, CEDEX, France
| | - Arnaud Salvador
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, CNRS UMR 5280, F-69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Alain Geffard
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UMR-I 02 INERIS-URCA-ULH SEBIO Stress Environnementaux et BIOsurveillance des milieux aquatiques, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Campus du Moulin de la Housse, BP 1039, 51687, Reims, CEDEX, France
| | - Mélissa Palos-Ladeiro
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UMR-I 02 INERIS-URCA-ULH SEBIO Stress Environnementaux et BIOsurveillance des milieux aquatiques, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Campus du Moulin de la Housse, BP 1039, 51687, Reims, CEDEX, France.
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77
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Singh V, Davidson AC, Hume PJ, Koronakis V. Arf6 Can Trigger Wave Regulatory Complex-Dependent Actin Assembly Independent of Arno. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072457. [PMID: 32252226 PMCID: PMC7177560 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The small GTPase ADP-ribosylation factor 6 (Arf6) anchors at the plasma membrane to orchestrate key functions, such as membrane trafficking and regulating cortical actin cytoskeleton rearrangement. A number of studies have identified key players that interact with Arf6 to regulate actin dynamics in diverse cell processes, yet it is still unknown whether Arf6 can directly signal to the wave regulatory complex to mediate actin assembly. By reconstituting actin dynamics on supported lipid bilayers, we found that Arf6 in co-ordination with Rac1(Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1) can directly trigger actin polymerization by recruiting wave regulatory complex components. Interestingly, we demonstrated that Arf6 triggers actin assembly at the membrane directly without recruiting the Arf guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) ARNO (ARF nucleotide-binding site opener), which is able to activate Arf1 to enable WRC-dependent actin assembly. Furthermore, using labelled E. coli, we demonstrated that actin assembly by Arf6 also contributes towards efficient phagocytosis in THP-1 macrophages. Taken together, this study reveals a mechanism for Arf6-driven actin polymerization.
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78
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Hui Y, Yi X, Wibowo D, Yang G, Middelberg APJ, Gao H, Zhao CX. Nanoparticle elasticity regulates phagocytosis and cancer cell uptake. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaaz4316. [PMID: 32426455 PMCID: PMC7164958 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz4316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The ability of cells to sense external mechanical cues is essential for their adaptation to the surrounding microenvironment. However, how nanoparticle mechanical properties affect cell-nanoparticle interactions remains largely unknown. Here, we synthesized a library of silica nanocapsules (SNCs) with a wide range of elasticity (Young's modulus ranging from 560 kPa to 1.18 GPa), demonstrating the impact of SNC elasticity on SNC interactions with cells. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the stiff SNCs remained spherical during cellular uptake. The soft SNCs, however, were deformed by forces originating from the specific ligand-receptor interaction and membrane wrapping, which reduced their cellular binding and endocytosis rate. This work demonstrates the crucial role of the elasticity of nanoparticles in modulating their macrophage uptake and receptor-mediated cancer cell uptake, which may shed light on the design of drug delivery vectors with higher efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Hui
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Xin Yi
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, BIC-ESAT, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - David Wibowo
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Guangze Yang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Anton P. J. Middelberg
- Faculty of Engineering, Computer and Mathematical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Huajian Gao
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- College of Engineering; College of Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- Corresponding author. (H.G.); (C.-X.Z.)
| | - Chun-Xia Zhao
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Corresponding author. (H.G.); (C.-X.Z.)
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79
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Wiesolek HL, Bui TM, Lee JJ, Dalal P, Finkielsztein A, Batra A, Thorp EB, Sumagin R. Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 Functions as an Efferocytosis Receptor in Inflammatory Macrophages. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 190:874-885. [PMID: 32035057 PMCID: PMC7180595 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) is up-regulated during inflammation by several cell types. ICAM-1 is best known for its role in mediating leukocyte adhesion to endothelial cells and guiding leukocytes across the vascular wall. Recently, macrophages have been shown to express ICAM-1, however, their role in macrophage function is unclear. We found that ICAM-1 expression was induced during inflammatory macrophage polarization and high numbers of ICAM-1-expressing macrophages were noted in inflamed colon tissue in a murine colitis model and in human inflammatory bowel disease. Because tissue macrophages play a critical role in removing apoptotic/necrotic cells in inflammation and injury, a process termed efferocytosis, it was examined whether ICAM-1 contributes to this process. Genetic deletion (ICAM-1 knockout mice) or siRNA-mediated knockdown of ICAM-1 in isolated murine and human macrophages significantly impaired apoptotic cell (AC) engulfment. Impairment in the engulfment of Jurkat T cells, neutrophils, and epithelial cells was confirmed ex vivo by inflammatory macrophages and in vivo by thioglycolate-recruited peritoneal macrophages. Decreased efferocytosis was also seen in vitro and in vivo with inhibition of ICAM-1 adhesive interactions, using a function blocking anti-ICAM-1 antibody. Mechanistically, it was found that ICAM-1 actively redistributes to cluster around engulfed ACs to facilitate macrophage-AC binding. Our findings define a new role for ICAM-1 in promoting macrophage efferocytosis, a critical process in the resolution of inflammation and restoration of tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah L Wiesolek
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Triet M Bui
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Joseph J Lee
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Prarthana Dalal
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ariel Finkielsztein
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ayush Batra
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Edward B Thorp
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ronen Sumagin
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.
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80
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Abstract
Phagocytosis is a pivotal immunological process, and its discovery by Elia Metchnikoff in 1882 was a step toward the establishment of the innate immune system as a separate branch of immunology. Elia Metchnikoff received the Nobel Prize in physiology and medicine for this discovery in 1908. Since its discovery almost 140 years before, phagocytosis remains the hot topic of research in immunology. The phagocytosis research has seen a great advancement since its first discovery. Functionally, phagocytosis is a simple immunological process required to engulf and remove pathogens, dead cells and tumor cells to maintain the immune homeostasis. However, mechanistically, it is a very complex process involving different mechanisms, induced and regulated by several pattern recognition receptors, soluble pattern recognition molecules, scavenger receptors (SRs) and opsonins. These mechanisms involve the formation of phagosomes, their maturation into phagolysosomes causing pathogen destruction or antigen synthesis to present them to major histocompatibility complex molecules for activating an adaptive immune response. Any defect in this mechanism may predispose the host to certain infections and inflammatory diseases (autoinflammatory and autoimmune diseases) along with immunodeficiency. The article is designed to discuss its mechanistic complexity at each level, varying from phagocytosis induction to phagolysosome resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar
- Faculty of Medicine, Children's Health Queensland Clinical Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, Mater Research, University of Queensland, ST Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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81
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Bonsignore P, Kuiper JWP, Adrian J, Goob G, Hauck CR. CEACAM3-A Prim(at)e Invention for Opsonin-Independent Phagocytosis of Bacteria. Front Immunol 2020; 10:3160. [PMID: 32117212 PMCID: PMC7026191 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.03160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Phagocytosis is one of the key innate defense mechanisms executed by specialized cells in multicellular animals. Recent evidence suggests that a particular phagocytic receptor expressed by human polymorphonuclear granulocytes, the carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 3 (CEACAM3), is one of the fastest-evolving human proteins. In this focused review, we will try to resolve the conundrum why a conserved process such as phagocytosis is conducted by a rapidly changing receptor. Therefore, we will first summarize the biochemical and structural details of this immunoglobulin-related glycoprotein in the context of the human CEACAM family. The function of CEACAM3 for the efficient, opsonin-independent detection and phagocytosis of highly specialized, host-restricted bacteria will be further elaborated. Taking into account the decisive role of CEACAM3 in the interaction with pathogenic bacteria, we will discuss the evolutionary trajectory of the CEACAM3 gene within the primate lineage and highlight the consequences of CEACAM3 polymorphisms in human populations. From a synopsis of these studies, CEACAM3 emerges as an important component of human innate immunity and a prominent example of a dedicated receptor for professional phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Bonsignore
- Lehrstuhl Zellbiologie, Fachbereich Biologie, Universität Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Johannes W P Kuiper
- Lehrstuhl Zellbiologie, Fachbereich Biologie, Universität Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Jonas Adrian
- Lehrstuhl Zellbiologie, Fachbereich Biologie, Universität Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Griseldis Goob
- Lehrstuhl Zellbiologie, Fachbereich Biologie, Universität Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Christof R Hauck
- Lehrstuhl Zellbiologie, Fachbereich Biologie, Universität Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.,Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology, Universität Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
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82
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Lai WF, Wong WT. Roles of the actin cytoskeleton in aging and age-associated diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 58:101021. [PMID: 31968269 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The integrity of the cytoskeleton is essential to diverse cellular processes such as phagocytosis and intracellular trafficking. Disruption of the organization and dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton leads to age-associated symptoms and diseases, ranging from cancer to neurodegeneration. In addition, changes in the integrity of the actin cytoskeleton disrupt the functioning of not only somatic and stem cells but also gametes, resulting in aberrant embryonic development. Strategies to preserve the integrity and dynamics of the cytoskeleton are, therefore, potentially therapeutic to age-related disorders. The objective of this article is to revisit the current understanding of the roles played by the actin cytoskeleton in aging, and to review the opportunities and challenges for the transition of basic research into intervention development. It is hoped that, with the snapshot of evidence regarding changes in actin dynamics with advanced age, insights into future research directions can be attained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing-Fu Lai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University, PR China; School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, PR China; Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PR China.
| | - Wing-Tak Wong
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PR China
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83
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Liu H, Zhu L, Dudiki T, Gabanic B, Good L, Podrez EA, Cherepanova OA, Qin J, Byzova TV. Macrophage Migration and Phagocytosis Are Controlled by Kindlin-3's Link to the Cytoskeleton. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 204:1954-1967. [PMID: 32094207 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1901134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Major myeloid cell functions from adhesion to migration and phagocytosis are mediated by integrin adhesion complexes, also known as adhesome. The presence of a direct integrin binding partner Kindlin-3 is crucial for these functions, and its lack causes severe immunodeficiency in humans. However, how Kindlin-3 is incorporated into the adhesome and how its function is regulated is poorly understood. In this study, using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, we show that Kindlin-3 directly interacts with paxillin (PXN) and leupaxin (LPXN) via G43/L47 within its F0 domain. Surprisingly, disruption of Kindlin-3-PXN/LPXN interactions in Raw 264.7 macrophages promoted cell spreading and polarization, resulting in upregulation of both general cell motility and directed cell migration, which is in a drastic contrast to the consequences of Kindlin-3 knockout. Moreover, disruption of Kindlin-3-PXN/LPXN binding promoted the transition from mesenchymal to amoeboid mode of movement as well as augmented phagocytosis. Thus, these novel links between Kindlin-3 and key adhesome members PXN/LPXN limit myeloid cell motility and phagocytosis, thereby providing an important immune regulatory mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Liu
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Liang Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195; and
| | - Tejasvi Dudiki
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Benjamin Gabanic
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Logan Good
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Eugene A Podrez
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Olga A Cherepanova
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195; and
| | - Jun Qin
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195; and
| | - Tatiana V Byzova
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195;
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84
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The GPR120 Agonist TUG-891 Inhibits the Motility and Phagocytosis of Mouse Alveolar Macrophages. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:1706168. [PMID: 32149083 PMCID: PMC7056993 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1706168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Movement and phagocytosis characterize the fundamental actions of macrophages. Although it is known that the free fatty acid receptor GPR120 is expressed in macrophages and regulates cytokine expression to exert anti-inflammatory activities, the effects of GPR120 activation on the motility and phagocytosis of macrophages are not clear. In this study, mouse alveolar macrophages (AM) were stimulated with the GPR120 agonist TUG-891, and the changes in cell motility, intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i), and the ability of phagocytosis were measured. Mouse AM in controls exhibited active movement in vitro, and TUG-891 significantly restrained AM movement. Meanwhile, TUG-891 stimulated a quick increase in [Ca2+]i in AM, which was blocked separately by the Gq protein inhibitor YM-254890, the phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor U73122, or depletion of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ store by thapsigargin. The inhibition of AM movement by TUG-891 was eliminated by YM-254890, U73122, thapsigargin, and chelation of cytosolic Ca2+ by BAPTA. Moreover, TUG-891 inhibited AM phagocytosis of fluorescent microspheres, which was also blocked by YM-254890, U73122, thapsigargin, and BAPTA. In conclusion, GPR120 activation in mouse AM increases [Ca2+]i but inhibits the motility and phagocytosis via Gq protein/PLC-mediated Ca2+ release from ER Ca2+ store.
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85
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Su R, Jin X, Li H, Huang L, Li Z. The mechanisms of PM 2.5 and its main components penetrate into HUVEC cells and effects on cell organelles. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 241:125127. [PMID: 31683440 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric particulate matter (PM2.5) is associated with the morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular diseases. However, whether PM2.5 penetrates into the cells and the potential mechanisms are unknown. Hence, the study firstly indicated that PM2.5 could penetrate into the HUVEC cells, and phagocytosis, micropinocytosis, caveolin as well as clathrin mediated the internalization of PM2.5 into HUVEC cells. Particularly, the components of PM2.5-Metal, PAHs and WSC could enter into HUVEC cells mainly via the micropinocytosis, clathrin and caveolin mediated endocytosis, respectively. The current data of environmental assessments indicated that PM2.5-Metal were extremely harmful to the ecological environment and human health. Moreover, accompanying with mitochondrial fusion gene Mfn1 was increased and fission genes Opa1 and Drp1 were decreased, and the lysosome related genes LAMP2 and LAMP3 were decreased, the phenomenon that the morphology of mitochondrial and lysosome injured was observed in HUVEC cells treated with PM2.5 and/or PM2.5-Metal. These data suggest that PM2.5 and its main components depend on different endocytosis penetrate into HUVEC cells and cause the mitochondrial and lysosomal damages. Thereby, our study provides the potential mechanism of haze particles penetration into HUVEC cells and damage to organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijun Su
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Xiaoting Jin
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Hanqing Li
- School of Life Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Leiru Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Zhuoyu Li
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China; School of Life Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.
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86
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How Actin Tracks Affect Myosin Motors. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1239:183-197. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-38062-5_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
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87
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Gasilina A, Vitali T, Luo R, Jian X, Randazzo PA. The ArfGAP ASAP1 Controls Actin Stress Fiber Organization via Its N-BAR Domain. iScience 2019; 22:166-180. [PMID: 31785555 PMCID: PMC6889188 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
ASAP1 is a multi-domain ArfGAP that controls cell migration, spreading, and focal adhesion dynamics. Although its GAP activity contributes to remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton, it does not fully explain all cellular functions of ASAP1. Here we find that ASAP1 regulates actin filament assembly directly through its N-BAR domain and controls stress fiber maintenance. ASAP1 depletion caused defects in stress fiber organization. Conversely, overexpression of ASAP1 enhanced actin remodeling. The BAR-PH fragment was sufficient to affect actin. ASAP1 with the BAR domain replaced with the BAR domain of the related ACAP1 did not affect actin. The BAR-PH tandem of ASAP1 bound and bundled actin filaments directly, whereas the presence of the ArfGAP and the C-terminal linker/SH3 domain reduced binding and bundling of filaments by BAR-PH. Together these data provide evidence that ASAP1 may regulate the actin cytoskeleton through direct interaction of the BAR-PH domain with actin filaments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjelika Gasilina
- Section on Regulation of Ras Superfamily, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 37, Rm. 2042, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Teresa Vitali
- Section on Regulation of Ras Superfamily, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 37, Rm. 2042, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ruibai Luo
- Section on Regulation of Ras Superfamily, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 37, Rm. 2042, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Xiaoying Jian
- Section on Regulation of Ras Superfamily, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 37, Rm. 2042, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Paul A Randazzo
- Section on Regulation of Ras Superfamily, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 37, Rm. 2042, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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88
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Phan TK, Bindra GK, Williams SA, Poon IK, Hulett MD. Combating Human Pathogens and Cancer by Targeting Phosphoinositides and Their Metabolism. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2019; 40:866-882. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2019.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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89
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Xin C, Kim J, Quan H, Yin M, Jeong S, Choi JI, Jang EA, Lee CH, Kim DH, Bae HB. Ginsenoside Rg3 promotes Fc gamma receptor-mediated phagocytosis of bacteria by macrophages via an extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent mechanism. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 77:105945. [PMID: 31644962 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Ginsenoside Rg3 is a steroidal saponin abundant in Korean red ginseng that has high anti-inflammatory activity. Rg3 exerts an immunomodulatory effect in acute inflammatory conditions such as bacterial infections. In this study, we determined the effect of Rg3 on bacterial uptake by macrophages and the related intracellular signaling pathways. Rg3 increased macrophage phagocytosis of IgG-opsonized Escherichia coli and IgG-opsonized beads (IgGbeads), but not of non-opsonized beads. Rg3 also enhanced the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK), but not that of Akt. The inclusion of IgGbeads in macrophage cultures also increased the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38, but co-culture of macrophages with non-opsonized beads did not affect the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38. The Rg3-induced promotion of phagocytosis was inhibited by PD98059, an ERK1/2 inhibitor, and SB203580, a p38 inhibitor. PD98059 inhibited Rg3-induced p38 MAPK phosphorylation, but SB203580 did not suppress ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Culture of macrophages with Rg3 increased actin polymerization, and this effect was inhibited by SB203580 and PD98059. The Rg3-induced increase in phagocytosis was also inhibited by NSC23766, a Rac1 inhibitor and CASIN, a Cdc42 inhibitor. Intraperitoneal injection of Rg3 increased the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38 as well as the phagocytosis of bacteria by lung cells. These results demonstrate that ginsenoside Rg3 enhances macrophage phagocytosis of bacteria by activating the ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Xin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Joungmin Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Hui Quan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Mei Yin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Seongtae Jeong
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun-gun, Jeollanamdo, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Il Choi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Eun-A Jang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun-gun, Jeollanamdo, South Korea
| | - Chang-Hun Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Dae-Hun Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Hong-Beom Bae
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun-gun, Jeollanamdo, South Korea.
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90
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Velle KB, Fritz-Laylin LK. Diversity and evolution of actin-dependent phenotypes. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2019; 58-59:40-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2019.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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91
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Bordetella Adenylate Cyclase Toxin Inhibits Monocyte-to-Macrophage Transition and Dedifferentiates Human Alveolar Macrophages into Monocyte-like Cells. mBio 2019; 10:mBio.01743-19. [PMID: 31551332 PMCID: PMC6759761 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01743-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Monocytes arriving at the site of infection differentiate into functional effector macrophages to replenish the resident sentinel cells. Bordetella pertussis, the pertussis agent, secretes an adenylate cyclase toxin-hemolysin (CyaA) that binds myeloid phagocytes through complement receptor 3 (CD11b/CD18) and swiftly delivers its adenylyl cyclase enzyme domain into phagocytes. This ablates the bactericidal capacities of phagocytes through massive and unregulated conversion of cytosolic ATP into the key signaling molecule cAMP. We show that exposure of primary human monocytes to as low a concentration as 22.5 pM CyaA, or a low (2:1) multiplicity of infection by CyaA-producing B. pertussis bacteria, blocks macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF)-driven differentiation of monocytes. CyaA-induced cAMP signaling mediated through the activity of protein kinase A (PKA) efficiently blocked expression of macrophage markers, and the monocytes exposed to 22.5 pM CyaA failed to acquire the characteristic intracellular complexity of mature macrophage cells. Neither M-CSF-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) expansion nor accumulation of Golgi bodies, mitochondria, or lysosomes was observed in toxin-exposed monocytes, which remained small and poorly phagocytic and lacked pseudopodia. Exposure to 22.5 pM CyaA toxin provoked loss of macrophage marker expression on in vitro differentiated macrophages, as well as on primary human alveolar macrophages, which appeared to dedifferentiate into monocyte-like cells with upregulated CD14 levels. This is the first report that terminally differentiated tissue-resident macrophage cells can be dedifferentiated in vitro The results suggest that blocking of monocyte-to-macrophage transition and/or dedifferentiation of the sentinel cells of innate immunity through cAMP-elevating toxin action may represent a novel immune evasion strategy of bacterial pathogens.IMPORTANCE Macrophages are key sentinel cells of the immune system, and, as such, they are targeted by the toxins produced by the pertussis agent Bordetella pertussis The adenylate cyclase toxin (CyaA) mediates immune evasion of B. pertussis by suspending the bactericidal activities of myeloid phagocytes. We reveal a novel mechanism of potential subversion of host immunity, where CyaA at very low (22 pM) concentrations could inhibit maturation of human monocyte precursors into the more phagocytic macrophage cells. Furthermore, exposure to low CyaA amounts has been shown to trigger dedifferentiation of mature primary human alveolar macrophages back into monocyte-like cells. This unprecedented capacity is likely to promote survival of the pathogen in the airways, both by preventing maturation of monocytes attracted to the site of infection into phagocytic macrophages and by dedifferentiation of the already airway-resident sentinel cells.
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92
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Jeng EE, Bhadkamkar V, Ibe NU, Gause H, Jiang L, Chan J, Jian R, Jimenez-Morales D, Stevenson E, Krogan NJ, Swaney DL, Snyder MP, Mukherjee S, Bassik MC. Systematic Identification of Host Cell Regulators of Legionella pneumophila Pathogenesis Using a Genome-wide CRISPR Screen. Cell Host Microbe 2019; 26:551-563.e6. [PMID: 31540829 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2019.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
During infection, Legionella pneumophila translocates over 300 effector proteins into the host cytosol, allowing the pathogen to establish an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-like Legionella-containing vacuole (LCV) that supports bacterial replication. Here, we perform a genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 screen and secondary targeted screens in U937 human monocyte/macrophage-like cells to systematically identify host factors that regulate killing by L. pneumophila. The screens reveal known host factors hijacked by L. pneumophila, as well as genes spanning diverse trafficking and signaling pathways previously not linked to L. pneumophila pathogenesis. We further characterize C1orf43 and KIAA1109 as regulators of phagocytosis and show that RAB10 and its chaperone RABIF are required for optimal L. pneumophila replication and ER recruitment to the LCV. Finally, we show that Rab10 protein is recruited to the LCV and ubiquitinated by the effectors SidC/SdcA. Collectively, our results provide a wealth of previously undescribed insights into L. pneumophila pathogenesis and mammalian cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin E Jeng
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Program in Cancer Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Varun Bhadkamkar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Nnejiuwa U Ibe
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Haley Gause
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Lihua Jiang
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Joanne Chan
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ruiqi Jian
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - David Jimenez-Morales
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; The J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Erica Stevenson
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; The J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nevan J Krogan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; The J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Danielle L Swaney
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; The J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michael P Snyder
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Shaeri Mukherjee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Michael C Bassik
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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93
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Hartenstein V, Martinez P. Phagocytosis in cellular defense and nutrition: a food-centered approach to the evolution of macrophages. Cell Tissue Res 2019; 377:527-547. [PMID: 31485720 PMCID: PMC6750737 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-019-03096-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The uptake of macromolecules and larger energy-rich particles into the cell is known as phagocytosis. Phagocytosed material is enzymatically degraded in membrane-bound vesicles of the endosome/lysosome system (intracellular digestion). Whereas most, if not all, cells of the animal body are equipped with the molecular apparatus for phagocytosis and intracellular digestion, a few cell types are specialized for a highly efficient mode of phagocytosis. These are the ("professional") macrophages, motile cells that seek out and eliminate pathogenic invaders or damaged cells. Macrophages form the backbone of the innate immune system. Developmentally, they derive from specialized compartments within the embryonic mesoderm and early vasculature as part of the process of hematopoiesis. Intensive research has revealed in detail molecular and cellular mechanisms of phagocytosis and intracellular digestion in macrophages. In contrast, little is known about a second type of cell that is "professionally" involved in phagocytosis, namely the "enteric phagocyte." Next to secretory (zymogenic) cells, enteric phagocytes form one of the two major cell types of the intestine of most invertebrate animals. Unlike vertebrates, these invertebrates only partially digest food material in the intestinal lumen. The resulting food particles are absorbed by phagocytosis or pinocytosis and digested intracellularly. In this review, we provide a brief overview of the enteric phagocytes described electron microscopically for diverse invertebrate clades, to then to compare these cells with the "canonical" phagocyte ultrastructure established for macrophages. In addition, we will review observations and speculations associated with the hypothesis that macrophages are evolutionarily derived from enteric phagocytes. This idea was already proposed in the late nineteenth century by Elias Metschnikoff who pioneered the research of phagocytosis for both macrophages and enteric phagocytes. We presume that modern approaches to better understand phagocytosis will be helped by considering the deep evolutionary relationship between the two cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Hartenstein
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - P Martinez
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA (Institut Català de Recerca i Estudis Avancats), Passeig Lluı's Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
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94
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Xiao Joe JT, Chiou PP, Kuo CY, Jia Lin JH, Wu JL, Lu MW. The microbiota profile and transcriptome analysis of immune response during metamorphosis stages in orange spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 90:141-149. [PMID: 31055020 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.03.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Metamorphosis is a transformation process in larval development associated with changes in morphological and physiological features, including the immune system. The gastrointestinal tract harbors a plethora of bacteria, which might affect the digestion and absorption of nutrients, immunity, and gut-brain crosstalk in the host. In this study, we have performed metagenomic and transcriptomic analyses on the intestines of grouper at the pre-, mid- and post-metamorphosis stages. The sequencing data of 16S rRNA gene showed drastic changes in the microbial communities at different developmental stages. The transcriptomic data revealed that the leukocyte transendothelial migration and the phagosome pathways might play important roles in mediating immunity in grouper at the three developmental stages. This information will increase our understanding of the metamorphosis process in grouper larvae, and shed light on the development of antimicrobial strategy during larval development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Tang Xiao Joe
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, The College of Life Sciences, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan; Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pinwen Peter Chiou
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yu Kuo
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, The College of Life Sciences, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan; Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Jen-Leih Wu
- Laboratory of Marine Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Wei Lu
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan; Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan.
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95
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The Small GTPase Arf6: An Overview of Its Mechanisms of Action and of Its Role in Host⁻Pathogen Interactions and Innate Immunity. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092209. [PMID: 31060328 PMCID: PMC6539230 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The small GTase Arf6 has several important functions in intracellular vesicular trafficking and regulates the recycling of different types of cargo internalized via clathrin-dependent or -independent endocytosis. It activates the lipid modifying enzymes PIP 5-kinase and phospholipase D, promotes actin polymerization, and affects several functionally distinct processes in the cell. Arf6 is used for the phagocytosis of pathogens and can be directly or indirectly targeted by various pathogens to block phagocytosis or induce the uptake of intracellular pathogens. Arf6 is also used in the signaling of Toll-like receptors and in the activation of NADPH oxidases. In this review, we first give an overview of the different roles and mechanisms of action of Arf6 and then focus on its role in innate immunity and host–pathogen interactions.
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96
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Leprêtre M, Almunia C, Armengaud J, Salvador A, Geffard A, Palos-Ladeiro M. The immune system of the freshwater zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha, decrypted by proteogenomics of hemocytes and plasma compartments. J Proteomics 2019; 202:103366. [PMID: 31015035 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2019.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The immune system of bivalves is of great interest since it reflects the health status of these organisms during stressful conditions. While immune molecular responses are well documented for marine bivalves, few information is available for continental bivalves such as the zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha. A proteogenomic approach was conducted on both hemocytes and plasma to identified immune proteins of this non-model species. Combining transcriptomic sequences with mass spectrometry data acquired on proteins is a relevant strategy since 3020 proteins were identified, representing the largest protein inventory for this sentinel organism. Functional annotation and gene ontology (GO) analysis performed on the identified proteins described the main molecular players of hemocytes and plasma in immunity. GO analysis highlights the complementary immune functions of these two compartments in the management of micro-organisms. Functional annotation revealed new mechanisms in the immune defence of the zebra mussel. Proteins rarely observed in the hemolymph of bivalves were pinpointed such as natterin-like and thaumatin-like proteins. Furthermore, the high abundance of complement-related proteins observed in plasma suggested a strong implication of the complement system in the immune defence of D. polymorpha. This work brings a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in zebra mussel immunity. SIGNIFICANCE: Although the molecular mechanisms of marine bivalves are widely investigated, little information is known for continental bivalves. Moreover, few proteomic studies described the complementarity of both hemolymphatic compartments (cellular and plasmatic) in the immune defence of invertebrates. The recent proteogenomics concept made it possible to discover proteins in non-model organisms. Here, we propose a proteogenomic strategy with the zebra mussel, a key sentinel species for biomonitoring of freshwater, to identify and describe the molecular actors involved in the immune system in both hemocytes and plasma compartments. More widely, this study provided new insight into bivalve immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Leprêtre
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne UMR-I 02 INERIS-URCA-ULH SEBIO Unité Stress Environnementaux et, BIOsurveillance des milieux aquatiques, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Campus du Moulin de la Housse, BP 1039 51687, Reims, CEDEX, France; Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, CNRS UMR 5280, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Christine Almunia
- Laboratoire Innovations Technologiques pour la Détection et le Diagnostic (Li2D), Service de Pharmacologie et Immunoanalyse (SPI), CEA, INRA, F-30207 Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Jean Armengaud
- Laboratoire Innovations Technologiques pour la Détection et le Diagnostic (Li2D), Service de Pharmacologie et Immunoanalyse (SPI), CEA, INRA, F-30207 Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Arnaud Salvador
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, CNRS UMR 5280, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Alain Geffard
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne UMR-I 02 INERIS-URCA-ULH SEBIO Unité Stress Environnementaux et, BIOsurveillance des milieux aquatiques, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Campus du Moulin de la Housse, BP 1039 51687, Reims, CEDEX, France
| | - Mélissa Palos-Ladeiro
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne UMR-I 02 INERIS-URCA-ULH SEBIO Unité Stress Environnementaux et, BIOsurveillance des milieux aquatiques, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Campus du Moulin de la Housse, BP 1039 51687, Reims, CEDEX, France.
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97
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Kim TH, Ly C, Christodoulides A, Nowell CJ, Gunning PW, Sloan EK, Rowat AC. Stress hormone signaling through β-adrenergic receptors regulates macrophage mechanotype and function. FASEB J 2019; 33:3997-4006. [PMID: 30509116 PMCID: PMC6404566 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801429rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Critical functions of immune cells require them to rapidly change their shape and generate forces in response to cues from their surrounding environment. However, little is known about how soluble factors that may be present in the microenvironment modulate key aspects of cellular mechanobiology-such as immune cell deformability and force generation-to impact functions such as phagocytosis and migration. Here we show that signaling by soluble stress hormones through β-adrenoceptors (β-AR) reduces the deformability of macrophages; this is dependent on changes in the organization of the actin cytoskeleton and is associated with functional changes in phagocytosis and migration. Pharmacologic interventions reveal that the impact of β-AR signaling on macrophage deformability is dependent on actin-related proteins 2/3, indicating that stress hormone signaling through β-AR shifts actin organization to favor branched structures rather than linear unbranched actin filaments. These findings show that through remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton, β-AR-mediated stress hormone signaling modulates macrophage mechanotype to impact functions that play a critical role in immune response.-Kim, T.-H., Ly, C., Christodoulides, A., Nowell, C. J., Gunning, P. W., Sloan, E. K., Rowat, A. C. Stress hormone signaling through β-adrenergic receptors regulates macrophage mechanotype and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Hyung Kim
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Chau Ly
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Alexei Christodoulides
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Cameron J. Nowell
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter W. Gunning
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Erica K. Sloan
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Division of Cancer Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and
- UCLA AIDS Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Amy C. Rowat
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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98
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Jones LO, Stafford JL. Imaging flow cytometry and confocal microscopy-based examination of F-actin and phosphoinositide dynamics during leukocyte immune-type receptor-mediated phagocytic events. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 92:199-211. [PMID: 30503359 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2018.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cells of the innate immune system rapidly detect and eliminate invading microbes using surface-expressed immunoregulatory receptors that translate extracellular binding events into potent effector responses. Channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) leukocyte immune-type receptors (IpLITRs) are a family of immunoregulatory proteins that have been shown to regulate several innate immune cell effector responses including the phagocytic process. The mechanisms by which these receptors regulate phagocytosis are not entirely understood but we have previously shown that different IpLITR-types use ITAM-dependent as well as ITAM-independent pathways for controlling target engulfment. The main objective of this study was to develop and use imaging flow cytometry and confocal microscopy-based assays to further examine both F-actin and phosphoinositide dynamics that occur during the different IpLITR-mediated phagocytic pathways. Results show that the ITAM-dependent IpLITR-induced phagocytic response promotes canonical changes in F-actin polymerization and PI(4,5)P2 redistributions. However, the ITAM-independent IpLITR phagocytic response induced unique patterns of F-actin and PI(4,5)P2 redistributions, which are likely due to its ability to regulate alternative signaling pathways. Additionally, both IpLITR-induced phagocytic pathways induced target internalization into PI(3)P-enriched phagosomes indicative of a maturing phagosome compartment. Overall, this imaging-based platform can be further applied to monitor the recruitment and distribution of signaling molecules during IpLITR-mediated phagocytic processes and may serve as a useful strategy for functional examinations of other immunoregulatory receptor-types in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena O Jones
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - James L Stafford
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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99
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Hanna SJ, McCoy-Simandle K, Leung E, Genna A, Condeelis J, Cox D. Tunneling nanotubes, a novel mode of tumor cell-macrophage communication in tumor cell invasion. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs.223321. [PMID: 30659112 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.223321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction between tumor cells and macrophages is crucial in promoting tumor invasion and metastasis. In this study, we examined a novel mechanism of intercellular communication, namely membranous actin-based tunneling nanotubes (TNTs), that occurs between macrophages and tumor cells in the promotion of macrophage-dependent tumor cell invasion. The presence of heterotypic TNTs between macrophages and tumor cells induced invasive tumor cell morphology, which was dependent on EGF-EGFR signaling. Furthermore, reduction of a protein involved in TNT formation, M-Sec (TNFAIP2), in macrophages inhibited tumor cell elongation, blocked the ability of tumor cells to invade in 3D and reduced macrophage-dependent long-distance tumor cell streaming in vitro Using an in vivo zebrafish model that recreates macrophage-mediated tumor cell invasion, we observed TNT-mediated macrophage-dependent tumor cell invasion, distant metastatic foci and areas of metastatic spread. Overall, our studies support a role for TNTs as a novel means of interaction between tumor cells and macrophages that leads to tumor progression and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samer J Hanna
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Gruss MRRC 306, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Kessler McCoy-Simandle
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Gruss MRRC 306, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Edison Leung
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Gruss MRRC 306, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Alessandro Genna
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Gruss MRRC 306, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - John Condeelis
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Gruss MRRC 306, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.,Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Gruss MRRC 306, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.,Integrated Imaging Program, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Gruss MRRC 306, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Dianne Cox
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Gruss MRRC 306, Bronx, NY 10461, USA .,Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Gruss MRRC 306, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.,Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Gruss MRRC 306, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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Kim JK, Shin YJ, Ha LJ, Kim DH, Kim DH. Unraveling the Mechanobiology of the Immune System. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1801332. [PMID: 30614636 PMCID: PMC7700013 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201801332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cells respond and actively adapt to environmental cues in the form of mechanical stimuli. This extends to immune cells and their critical role in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. Multiple recent studies have begun illuminating underlying mechanisms of mechanosensation in modulating immune cell phenotypes. Since the extracellular microenvironment is critical to modify cellular physiology that ultimately determines the functionality of the cell, understanding the interactions between immune cells and their microenvironment is necessary. This review focuses on mechanoregulation of immune responses mediated by macrophages, dendritic cells, and T cells, in the context of modern mechanobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Ki Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Jung Shin
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Leslie Jaesun Ha
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok-Ho Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Dong-Hwee Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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