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Ren M, Huang M, Qiu H, Chun Y, Li L, Kumar A, Fang J, Zhao J, He H, Li X. Genome-Wide Association Study of the Genetic Basis of Effective Tiller Number in Rice. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 14:56. [PMID: 34170442 PMCID: PMC8233439 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-021-00495-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effective tiller number (ETN) has a pivotal role in determination of rice (Oryza sativa L.) grain yield. ETN is a complex quantitative trait regulated by both genetic and environmental factors. Despite multiple tillering-related genes have been cloned previously, few of them have been utilized in practical breeding programs. RESULTS In this study, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for ETN using a panel of 490 rice accessions derived from the 3 K rice genomes project. Thirty eight ETN-associated QTLs were identified, interestingly, four of which colocalized with the OsAAP1, DWL2, NAL1, and OsWRKY74 gene previously reported to be involved in rice tillering regulation. Haplotype (Hap) analysis revealed that Hap5 of OsAAP1, Hap3 and 6 of DWL2, Hap2 of NAL1, and Hap3 and 4 of OsWRKY74 are favorable alleles for ETN. Pyramiding favorable alleles of all these four genes had more enhancement in ETN than accessions harboring the favorable allele of only one gene. Moreover, we identified 25 novel candidate genes which might also affect ETN, and the positive association between expression levels of the OsPILS6b gene and ETN was validated by RT-qPCR. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis on data released on public database revealed that most ETN-associated genes showed a relatively high expression from 21 days after transplanting (DAT) to 49 DAT and decreased since then. This unique expression pattern of ETN-associated genes may contribute to the transition from vegetative to reproductive growth of tillers. CONCLUSIONS Our results revealed that GWAS is a feasible way to mine ETN-associated genes. The candidate genes and favorable alleles identified in this study have the potential application value in rice molecular breeding for high ETN and grain yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Ren
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Minghan Huang
- School of Advanced Agriculture Sciences and School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Weifang, 261325 Shandong China
| | - Haiyang Qiu
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Yan Chun
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Lu Li
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Ashmit Kumar
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Jingjing Fang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Jinfeng Zhao
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Hang He
- School of Advanced Agriculture Sciences and School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Weifang, 261325 Shandong China
| | - Xueyong Li
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
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Yang H, Xu F, Liao H, Pan W, Zhang W, Xu B, Yang X. Transcriptome and metabolite analysis related to branch development in two genotypes of Eucalyptus urophylla. Mol Genet Genomics 2021; 296:1071-1083. [PMID: 34159440 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-021-01803-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Branching in long-lived plants can cause scarring at the base and affect wood density, which greatly inhibits wood yield and quality. Eucalyptus urophylla is one of the most important commercial forest tree species in South China, with diverse branch number and branch angles under different genetic backgrounds. However, the main elements and regulatory mechanisms associated with different branching traits in E. urophylla remain unclear. To identify the factors that may influence branching, the transcriptome and metabolome were performed on the shoot apex (SA), lateral shoot apex (LSA), and stem segment at the 5th axillary bud from the shoot apex (S1) in lines ZQUC14 (A) and LDUD26 (B), with A exhibiting a smaller Ba than B. A total of 307.3 million high-quality clean reads and nine hormones were identified from six libraries. Several differentially expressed regulatory factors were identified between the two genotypes of E. urophylla. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways were enriched in plant hormone signal transduction, plant hormone biosynthesis and their transport pathways. Furthermore, gene expression pattern analysis identified genes that were significantly downregulated or upregulated in S1 relative to the SA and LSA segments, and the plant hormone signal transduction pathway was constructed to explain branching development. This study clarified the main plant hormones and genes underlying branch numbers and angles of E. urophylla, confirmed that ABA and SA could promote a larger branch angle and smaller branch number, while IAA has an opposite function. Numbers of key candidate genes involved in plant hormone signal transduction were found in the positive regulation of branch formation. These novel findings should aid molecular breeding of branching in Eucalyptus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixiao Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, 510520, China
| | - Fang Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, 510520, China
| | - Huanqin Liao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, 510520, China
| | - Wen Pan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, 510520, China
| | - Weihua Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, 510520, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, 510520, China
| | - Xiaohui Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, 510520, China.
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Zhao Y, Wu L, Fu Q, Wang D, Li J, Yao B, Yu S, Jiang L, Qian J, Zhou X, Han L, Zhao S, Ma C, Zhang Y, Luo C, Dong Q, Li S, Zhang L, Jiang X, Li Y, Luo H, Li K, Yang J, Luo Q, Li L, Peng S, Huang H, Zuo Z, Liu C, Wang L, Li C, He X, Friml J, Du Y. INDITTO2 transposon conveys auxin-mediated DRO1 transcription for rice drought avoidance. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:1846-1857. [PMID: 33576018 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Transposable elements exist widely throughout plant genomes and play important roles in plant evolution. Auxin is an important regulator that is traditionally associated with root development and drought stress adaptation. The DEEPER ROOTING 1 (DRO1) gene is a key component of rice drought avoidance. Here, we identified a transposon that acts as an autonomous auxin-responsive promoter and its presence at specific genome positions conveys physiological adaptations related to drought avoidance. Rice varieties with a high and auxin-mediated transcription of DRO1 in the root tip show deeper and longer root phenotypes and are thus better adapted to drought. The INDITTO2 transposon contains an auxin response element and displays auxin-responsive promoter activity; it is thus able to convey auxin regulation of transcription to genes in its proximity. In the rice Acuce, which displays DRO1-mediated drought adaptation, the INDITTO2 transposon was found to be inserted at the promoter region of the DRO1 locus. Transgenesis-based insertion of the INDITTO2 transposon into the DRO1 promoter of the non-adapted rice variety Nipponbare was sufficient to promote its drought avoidance. Our data identify an example of how transposons can act as promoters and convey hormonal regulation to nearby loci, improving plant fitness in response to different abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Zhao
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Education Ministry of China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Shanxi Agricultural University/Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences. The Industrial Crop Institute, Fenyang, China
| | - Lixia Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Education Ministry of China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Qijing Fu
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Education Ministry of China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Dong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jing Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan, China
| | - Baolin Yao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan, China
| | - Si Yu
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Li Jiang
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Jie Qian
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Education Ministry of China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Li Han
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Education Ministry of China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Shuanglu Zhao
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Canrong Ma
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Yanfang Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Chongyu Luo
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Education Ministry of China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Qian Dong
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Saijie Li
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Lina Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Xi Jiang
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Youchun Li
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Hao Luo
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Kuixiu Li
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Education Ministry of China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Jing Yang
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Education Ministry of China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Qiong Luo
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Education Ministry of China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Lichi Li
- International Agriculture Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Sheng Peng
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Education Ministry of China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Huichuan Huang
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Education Ministry of China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhili Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Changning Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Chengyun Li
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Education Ministry of China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiahong He
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Education Ministry of China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Jiří Friml
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Yunlong Du
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Education Ministry of China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
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Xia X, Mi X, Jin L, Guo R, Zhu J, Xie H, Liu L, An Y, Zhang C, Wei C, Liu S. CsLAZY1 mediates shoot gravitropism and branch angle in tea plants (Camellia sinensis). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:243. [PMID: 34049485 PMCID: PMC8164267 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03044-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Branch angle is a pivotal component of tea plant architecture. Tea plant architecture not only affects tea quality and yield but also influences the efficiency of automatic tea plant pruning. However, the molecular mechanism controlling the branch angle, which is an important aspect of plant architecture, is poorly understood in tea plants. RESULTS In the present study, three CsLAZY genes were identified from tea plant genome data through sequence homology analysis. Phylogenetic tree displayed that the CsLAZY genes had high sequence similarity with LAZY genes from other plant species, especially those in woody plants. The expression patterns of the three CsLAZYs were surveyed in eight tissues. We further verified the expression levels of the key CsLAZY1 transcript in different tissues among eight tea cultivars and found that CsLAZY1 was highly expressed in stem. Subcellular localization analysis showed that the CsLAZY1 protein was localized in the plasma membrane. CsLAZY1 was transferred into Arabidopsis thaliana to investigate its potential role in regulating shoot development. Remarkably, the CsLAZY1 overexpressed plants responded more effectively than the wild-type plants to a gravity inversion treatment under light and dark conditions. The results indicate that CsLAZY1 plays an important role in regulating shoot gravitropism in tea plants. CONCLUSIONS The results provide important evidence for understanding the functions of CsLAZY1 in regulating shoot gravitropism and influencing the stem branch angle in tea plants. This report identifies CsLAZY1 as a promising gene resource for the improvement of tea plant architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaozeng Mi
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Ling Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Rui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Junyan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Hui Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Lu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Yanlin An
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Cao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Chaoling Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China.
| | - Shengrui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China.
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Sun H, Guo X, Qi X, Feng F, Xie X, Zhang Y, Zhao Q. SPL14/17 act downstream of strigolactone signalling to modulate rice root elongation in response to nitrate supply. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 106:649-660. [PMID: 33547682 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is an essential major nutrient for food crops. Although ammonium (NH4+ ) is the primary N source of rice (Oryza sativa), nitrate (NO3- ) can also be absorbed and utilized. Rice responds to NO3- application by altering its root morphology, such as root elongation. Strigolactones (SLs) are important modulators of root length. However, the roles of SLs and their downstream genes in NO3- -induced root elongation remain unclear. Here, the levels of total N and SL (4-deoxyorobanchol) and the responses of seminal root (SR) lengths to NH4+ and NO3- were investigated in rice plants. NO3- promoted SR elongation, possibly due to short-term signal perception and long-term nutrient function. Compared with NH4+ conditions, higher SL signalling/levels and less D53 protein were recorded in roots of NO3- -treated rice plants. In contrast to wild-type plants, SR lengths of d mutants were less responsive to NO3- conditions, and application of rac-GR24 (SL analogue) restored SR length in d10 (SL biosynthesis mutant) but not in d3, d14, and d53 (SL-responsive mutants), suggesting that higher SL signalling/levels participate in NO3- -induced root elongation. D53 interacted with SPL17 and inhibited SPL17-mediated transactivation from the PIN1b promoter. Mutation of SPL14/17 and PIN1b caused insensitivity of the root elongation response to NO3- and rac-GR24 applications. Therefore, we conclude that perception of SLs by D14 leads to degradation of D53 via the proteasome system, which releases the suppression of SPL14/17-modulated transcription of PIN1b, resulting in root elongation under NO3- supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huwei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Rice Biology in Henan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Xiaoli Guo
- Key Laboratory of Rice Biology in Henan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Xuejiao Qi
- Key Laboratory of Rice Biology in Henan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Fan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Rice Biology in Henan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Xiaonan Xie
- Weed Science Center, Utsunomiya University, 350 Mine-Machi, Utsunomiya, 321-8505, Japan
| | - Yali Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Quanzhi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Rice Biology in Henan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
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Hou M, Wu D, Li Y, Tao W, Chao L, Zhang Y. The role of auxin in nitrogen-modulated shoot branching. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2021; 16:1885888. [PMID: 33570443 PMCID: PMC7971330 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2021.1885888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Shoot branching is determined by axillary bud formation and outgrowth and remains one of the most variable determinants of yield in many crops. Plant nitrogen (N) acquired mainly in the forms of nitrate and ammonium from soil, dominates plant development, and high-yield crop production relies heavily on N fertilization. In this review, the regulation of axillary bud outgrowth by N availability and forms is summarized in plant species. The mechanisms of auxin function in this process have been well characterized and reviewed, while recent literature has highlighted that auxin export from a bud plays a critical role in N-modulating this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Daxia Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenqing Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ling Chao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yali Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- CONTACT Yali Zhang State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing210095, China
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Genome-wide association study and Mendelian randomization analysis provide insights for improving rice yield potential. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6894. [PMID: 33767346 PMCID: PMC7994632 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86389-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Rice yield per plant has a complex genetic architecture, which is mainly determined by its three component traits: the number of grains per panicle (GPP), kilo-grain weight (KGW), and tillers per plant (TP). Exploring ideotype breeding based on selection for genetically less complex component traits is an alternative route for further improving rice production. To understand the genetic basis of the relationship between rice yield and component traits, we investigated the four traits of two rice hybrid populations (575 + 1495 F1) in different environments and conducted meta-analyses of genome-wide association study (meta-GWAS). In total, 3589 significant loci for three components traits were detected, while only 3 loci for yield were detected. It indicated that rice yield is mainly controlled by minor-effect loci and hardly to be identified. Selecting quantitative trait locus/gene affected component traits to further enhance yield is recommended. Mendelian randomization design is adopted to investigate the genetic effects of loci on yield through component traits and estimate the genetic relationship between rice yield and its component traits by these loci. The loci for GPP or TP mainly had a positive genetic effect on yield, but the loci for KGW with different direction effects (positive effect or negative effect). Additionally, TP (Beta = 1.865) has a greater effect on yield than KGW (Beta = 1.016) and GPP (Beta = 0.086). Five significant loci for component traits that had an indirect effect on yield were identified. Pyramiding superior alleles of the five loci revealed improved yield. A combination of direct and indirect effects may better contribute to the yield potential of rice. Our findings provided a rationale for using component traits as indirect indices to enhanced rice yield, which will be helpful for further understanding the genetic basis of yield and provide valuable information for improving rice yield potential.
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Wang A, Jiang Y, Shu X, Zha Z, Yin D, Liu Y, Zhang D, Xu D, Jiao C, Jia X, Ye X, Li S, Deng Q, Wang S, Zhu J, Liang Y, Zou T, Liu H, Wang L, Zhu J, Li P, Zhang Z, Zheng A. Genome-wide association study-based identification genes influencing agronomic traits in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Genomics 2021; 113:1396-1406. [PMID: 33711454 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Rice is one of the most important cereal crops, providing the daily dietary intake for approximately 50% of the global human population. Here, we re-sequenced 259 rice accessions, generating 1371.65 Gb of raw data. Furthermore, we performed genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on 13 agronomic traits using 2.8 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) characterized in 259 rice accessions. Phenotypic data and best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) values of each of the 13 traits over two years of each trait were used for the GWAS. The results showed that 816 SNP signals were significantly associated with the 13 agronomic traits. Then we detected candidate genes related to target traits within 200 kb upstream and downstream of the associated SNP loci, based on linkage disequilibrium (LD) blocks in the whole rice genome. These candidate genes were further identified through haplotype block constructions. This comprehensive study provides a timely and important genomic resource for breeding high yielding rice cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aijun Wang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Chengdu, China; Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuqi Jiang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Chengdu, China; Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinyue Shu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Chengdu, China; Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhongping Zha
- Food Crop Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Desuo Yin
- Food Crop Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yao Liu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Danhua Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Deze Xu
- Food Crop Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Chengzhi Jiao
- Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaomei Jia
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoying Ye
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuangcheng Li
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiming Deng
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shiquan Wang
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yueyang Liang
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ting Zou
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huainian Liu
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lingxia Wang
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianqing Zhu
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Li
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zaijun Zhang
- Food Crop Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China.
| | - Aiping Zheng
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Chengdu, China; Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
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Dou D, Han S, Cao L, Ku L, Liu H, Su H, Ren Z, Zhang D, Zeng H, Dong Y, Liu Z, Zhu F, Zhao Q, Xie J, Liu Y, Cheng H, Chen Y. CLA4 regulates leaf angle through multiple hormone signaling pathways in maize. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:1782-1794. [PMID: 33270106 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Leaf angle is an important agronomic trait in cereals and shares a close relationship with crop architecture and grain yield. Although it has been previously reported that ZmCLA4 can influence leaf angle, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we used the Gal4-LexA/UAS system and transactivation analysis to demonstrate in maize (Zea mays) that ZmCLA4 is a transcriptional repressor that regulates leaf angle. DNA affinity purification sequencing (DAP-Seq) analysis revealed that ZmCLA4 mainly binds to promoters containing the EAR motif (CACCGGAC) as well as to two other motifs (CCGARGS and CDTCNTC) to inhibit the expression of its target genes. Further analysis of ZmCLA4 target genes indicated that ZmCLA4 functions as a hub of multiple plant hormone signaling pathways: ZmCLA4 was found to directly bind to the promoters of multiple genes including ZmARF22 and ZmIAA26 in the auxin transport pathway, ZmBZR3 in the brassinosteroid signaling pathway, two ZmWRKY genes involved in abscisic acid metabolism, ZmCYP genes (ZmCYP75B1, ZmCYP93D1) related to jasmonic acid metabolism, and ZmABI3 involved in the ethylene response pathway. Overall, our work provides deep insights into the ZmCLA4 regulatory network in controlling leaf angle in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Dou
- College of Agronomy, Synergetic Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops and National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengdong New Area, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Shengbo Han
- College of Agronomy, Synergetic Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops and National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengdong New Area, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Liru Cao
- Henan Academy of Agricultural Science, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Lixia Ku
- College of Agronomy, Synergetic Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops and National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengdong New Area, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Huafeng Liu
- College of Agronomy, Synergetic Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops and National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengdong New Area, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Huihui Su
- College of Agronomy, Synergetic Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops and National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengdong New Area, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhenzhen Ren
- College of Agronomy, Synergetic Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops and National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengdong New Area, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Dongling Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Synergetic Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops and National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengdong New Area, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Haixia Zeng
- College of Agronomy, Synergetic Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops and National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengdong New Area, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yahui Dong
- College of Agronomy, Synergetic Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops and National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengdong New Area, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhixie Liu
- College of Agronomy, Synergetic Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops and National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengdong New Area, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Fangfang Zhu
- College of Agronomy, Synergetic Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops and National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengdong New Area, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Qiannan Zhao
- College of Agronomy, Synergetic Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops and National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengdong New Area, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jiarong Xie
- College of Agronomy, Synergetic Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops and National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengdong New Area, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yajing Liu
- College of Agronomy, Synergetic Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops and National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengdong New Area, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Haiyang Cheng
- College of Agronomy, Synergetic Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops and National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengdong New Area, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yanhui Chen
- College of Agronomy, Synergetic Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops and National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengdong New Area, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Zhu M, Hu Y, Tong A, Yan B, Lv Y, Wang S, Ma W, Cui Z, Wang X. LAZY1 Controls Tiller Angle and Shoot Gravitropism by Regulating the Expression of Auxin Transporters and Signaling Factors in Rice. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 61:2111-2125. [PMID: 33067639 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcaa131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Tiller angle is a key factor determining rice plant architecture, planting density, light interception, photosynthetic efficiency, disease resistance and grain yield. However, the mechanisms underlying tiller angle control are far from clear. In this study, we identified a mutant, termed bta1-1, with an enlarged tiller angle throughout its life cycle. A detailed analysis reveals that BTA1 has multiple functions because tiller angle, shoot gravitropism and tolerance to drought stress are changed in bta1-1 plants. Moreover, BTA1 is a positive regulator of shoot gravitropism in rice. Shoot responses to gravistimulation are disrupted in bta1-1 under both light and dark conditions. Gene cloning reveals that bta1-1 is a novel mutant allele of LA1 renamed la1-SN. LA1 is able to rescue the tiller angle and shoot gravitropism defects observed in la1-SN. The nuclear localization signal of LA1 is disrupted by la1-SN, causing changes in its subcellular localization. LA1 is required to regulate the expression of auxin transporters and signaling factors that control shoot gravitropism and tiller angle. High-throughput mRNA sequencing is performed to elucidate the molecular and cellular functions of LA1. The results show that LA1 may be involved in the nucleosome and chromatin assembly, and protein-DNA interactions to control gene expression, shoot gravitropism and tiller angle. Our results provide new insight into the mechanisms whereby LA1 controls shoot gravitropism and tiller angle in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo Zhu
- Rice Research Institute, College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, No.120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yanjuan Hu
- Rice Research Institute, College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, No.120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Aizi Tong
- Rice Research Institute, College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, No.120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Bowen Yan
- Rice Research Institute, College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, No.120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yanpeng Lv
- Rice Research Institute, College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, No.120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Shiyu Wang
- Rice Research Institute, College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, No.120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Wenhong Ma
- Rice Research Institute, College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, No.120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110866, China
- Department of Foreign Language, Shenyang Agricultural University
| | - Zhibo Cui
- Rice Research Institute, College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, No.120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Xiaoxue Wang
- Rice Research Institute, College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, No.120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110866, China
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Pan YH, Gao LJ, Liang YT, Zhao Y, Liang HF, Chen WW, Yang XH, Qing DJ, Gao J, Wu H, Huang J, Zhou WY, Huang CC, Dai GX, Deng GF. OrMKK3 Influences Morphology and Grain Size in Rice. JOURNAL OF PLANT BIOLOGY = SINGMUL HAKHOE CHI 2021; 66:269-282. [PMID: 33424241 PMCID: PMC7780602 DOI: 10.1007/s12374-020-09290-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Although morphology and grain size are important to rice growth and yield, the identity of abundant natural allelic variations that determine agronomically important differences in crops is unknown. Here, we characterized the function of mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 from Oryza officinalis Wall. ex Watt encoded by OrMKK3. Different alternative splicing variants occurred in OrMKK3. Green fluorescent protein (GFP)-OrMKK3 fusion proteins localized to the cell membrane and nuclei of rice protoplasts. Overexpression of OrMKK3 influenced the expression levels of the grain size-related genes SMG1, GW8, GL3, GW2, and DEP3. Phylogenetic analysis showed that OrMKK3 is well conserved in plants while showing large amounts of variation between indica, japonica, and wild rice. In addition, OrMKK3 slightly influenced brassinosteroid (BR) responses and the expression levels of BR-related genes. Our findings thus identify a new gene, OrMKK3, influencing morphology and grain size and that represents a possible link between mitogen-activated protein kinase and BR response pathways in grain growth. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12374-020-09290-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Hua Pan
- Rice Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rice Genetics and Breeding, Nanning, 530007 China
| | - Li Jun Gao
- Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangxi Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology Laboratory, Nanning, 530007 China
| | - Yun Tao Liang
- Rice Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rice Genetics and Breeding, Nanning, 530007 China
| | - Yan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 Shandong China
| | - Hai Fu Liang
- Rice Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rice Genetics and Breeding, Nanning, 530007 China
| | - Wei Wei Chen
- Rice Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rice Genetics and Breeding, Nanning, 530007 China
| | - Xing Hai Yang
- Rice Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rice Genetics and Breeding, Nanning, 530007 China
| | - Dong Jin Qing
- Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangxi Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology Laboratory, Nanning, 530007 China
| | - Ju Gao
- Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangxi Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology Laboratory, Nanning, 530007 China
| | - Hao Wu
- Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangxi Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology Laboratory, Nanning, 530007 China
| | - Juan Huang
- Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangxi Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology Laboratory, Nanning, 530007 China
| | - Wei Yong Zhou
- Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangxi Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology Laboratory, Nanning, 530007 China
| | - Cheng Cui Huang
- Rice Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rice Genetics and Breeding, Nanning, 530007 China
| | - Gao Xing Dai
- Rice Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rice Genetics and Breeding, Nanning, 530007 China
| | - Guo Fu Deng
- Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangxi Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology Laboratory, Nanning, 530007 China
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Li H, Sun H, Jiang J, Sun X, Tan L, Sun C. TAC4 controls tiller angle by regulating the endogenous auxin content and distribution in rice. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2021; 19:64-73. [PMID: 32628357 PMCID: PMC7769243 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Tiller angle, an important component of plant architecture, greatly influences the grain yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Here, we identified Tiller Angle Control 4 (TAC4) as a novel regulator of rice tiller angle. TAC4 encodes a plant-specific, highly conserved nuclear protein. The loss of TAC4 function leads to a significant increase in the tiller angle. TAC4 can regulate rice shoot gravitropism by increasing the indole acetic acid content and affecting the auxin distribution. A sequence analysis revealed that TAC4 has undergone a bottleneck and become fixed in indica cultivars during domestication and improvement. Our findings facilitate an increased understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of tiller angle and also provide a potential gene resource for the improvement of rice plant architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and BiochemistryChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
- National Center for Evaluation of Agricultural Wild Plants (Rice)Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementLaboratory of Crop Heterosis and UtilizationMOEDepartment of Plant Genetics and BreedingChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Hongying Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and BiochemistryChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
- National Center for Evaluation of Agricultural Wild Plants (Rice)Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementLaboratory of Crop Heterosis and UtilizationMOEDepartment of Plant Genetics and BreedingChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jiahuang Jiang
- National Center for Evaluation of Agricultural Wild Plants (Rice)Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementLaboratory of Crop Heterosis and UtilizationMOEDepartment of Plant Genetics and BreedingChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xianyou Sun
- National Center for Evaluation of Agricultural Wild Plants (Rice)Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementLaboratory of Crop Heterosis and UtilizationMOEDepartment of Plant Genetics and BreedingChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Lubin Tan
- National Center for Evaluation of Agricultural Wild Plants (Rice)Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementLaboratory of Crop Heterosis and UtilizationMOEDepartment of Plant Genetics and BreedingChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Chuanqing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and BiochemistryChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
- National Center for Evaluation of Agricultural Wild Plants (Rice)Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementLaboratory of Crop Heterosis and UtilizationMOEDepartment of Plant Genetics and BreedingChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
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Yu J, Xuan W, Tian Y, Fan L, Sun J, Tang W, Chen G, Wang B, Liu Y, Wu W, Liu X, Jiang X, Zhou C, Dai Z, Xu D, Wang C, Wan J. Enhanced OsNLP4-OsNiR cascade confers nitrogen use efficiency by promoting tiller number in rice. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2021; 19:167-176. [PMID: 32710800 PMCID: PMC7769241 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Increased use of nitrogen fertilizers has deleterious impact on the environment. Increase in yield potential at low nitrogen supply is regarded as a cereal breeding goal for future agricultural sustainability. Although natural variations of nitrogen transporters have been investigated, key genes associated with assimilation remain largely unexplored for nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) enhancement. Here, we identified a NIN-like protein NLP4 associated with NUE through a GWAS in rice. We found that OsNLP4 transactivated OsNiR encoding nitrite reductase that was critical in nitrogen assimilation in rice. We further constructed quadrupling NREs (Nitrate-responsive cis-elements) in the promoter of OsNiR (p4xNRE:OsNiR) and enhanced nitrogen assimilation significantly. We demonstrated that OsNLP4-OsNiR increased tiller number and yield through enhancing nitrogen assimilation and NUE. Our discovery highlights the genetic modulation of OsNLP4-OsNiR signalling cascade as a strategy for high NUE and yield breeding in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementJiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop ProductionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Wei Xuan
- MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower‐Middle Reaches of the Yangtze RiverNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yunlu Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementJiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop ProductionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Lei Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementJiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop ProductionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Juan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementJiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop ProductionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Weijie Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementJiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop ProductionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Gaoming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementJiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop ProductionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Baoxiang Wang
- Lianyungang Academy of Agricultural ScienceLianyungangJiangsu ProvinceChina
| | - Yan Liu
- Lianyungang Academy of Agricultural ScienceLianyungangJiangsu ProvinceChina
| | - Wei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementJiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop ProductionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Xiaolan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementJiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop ProductionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Xingzhou Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementJiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop ProductionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Cong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementJiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop ProductionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Zhaoyang Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementJiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop ProductionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Dayong Xu
- Lianyungang Academy of Agricultural ScienceLianyungangJiangsu ProvinceChina
| | - Chunming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementJiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop ProductionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Japonica Rice in the Mid‐lower Yangtze RiverMinistry of AgricultureJiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research CentreNanjingChina
| | - Jianmin Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementJiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop ProductionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic ImprovementInstitute of Crop ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
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Hou M, Luo F, Wu D, Zhang X, Lou M, Shen D, Yan M, Mao C, Fan X, Xu G, Zhang Y. OsPIN9, an auxin efflux carrier, is required for the regulation of rice tiller bud outgrowth by ammonium. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:935-949. [PMID: 32865276 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The degree of rice tillering is an important agronomic trait that can be markedly affected by nitrogen supply. However, less is known about how nitrogen-regulated rice tillering is related to polar auxin transport. Compared with nitrate, ammonium induced tiller development and was paralleled with increased 3 H-indole-acetic acid (IAA) transport and greater auxin into the junctions. OsPIN9, an auxin efflux carrier, was selected as the candidate gene involved in ammonium-regulated tillering based on GeneChip data. Compared with wild-type plants, ospin9 mutants had fewer tillers, and OsPIN9 overexpression increased the tiller number. Additionally, OsPIN9 was mainly expressed in vascular tissue of the junction and tiller buds, and encoded a membrane-localised protein. Heterologous expression in Xenopus oocytes and yeast demonstrated that OsPIN9 is a functional auxin efflux transporter. More importantly, its RNA and protein levels were induced by ammonium but not by nitrate, and tiller numbers in mutants did not respond to nitrogen forms. Further advantages, including increased tiller number and grain yield, were observed in overexpression lines grown in the paddy field at a low-nitrogen rate compared with at a high-nitrogen rate. Our data revealed that ammonium supply and an auxin efflux transporter co-ordinately control tiller bud elongation in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Feifei Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Daxia Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xuhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Manman Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Defeng Shen
- Molecular Biology Group, Wageningen University Research, Wageningen, 6708 PB, the Netherlands
| | - Ming Yan
- Shanghai Agrobiological Gene Center, Shanghai, 201106, China
| | - Chuanzao Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiaorong Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Guohua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yali Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
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Yang S, Zhang K, Zhu H, Zhang X, Yan W, Xu N, Liu D, Hu J, Wu Y, Weng Y, Yang L. Melon short internode (CmSi) encodes an ERECTA-like receptor kinase regulating stem elongation through auxin signaling. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2020; 7:202. [PMID: 33328451 PMCID: PMC7705010 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-020-00426-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Plant height is one of the most important agronomic traits that directly determines plant architecture, and compact or dwarf plants can allow for increased planting density and land utilization as well as increased lodging resistance and economic yield. At least four dwarf/semidwarf genes have been identified in different melon varieties, but none of them have been cloned, and little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying internode elongation in melon. Here, we report map-based cloning and functional characterization of the first semidwarf gene short internode (Cmsi) in melon, which encodes an ERECTA-like receptor kinase regulating internode elongation. Spatial-temporal expression analyses revealed that CmSI exhibited high expression in the vascular bundle of the main stem during internode elongation. The expression level of CmSI was positively correlated with stem length in the different melon varieties examined. Ectopic expression of CmSI in Arabidopsis and cucumber suggested CmSI as a positive regulator of internode elongation in both species. Phytohormone quantitation and transcriptome analysis showed that the auxin content and the expression levels of a number of genes involved in the auxin signaling pathway were altered in the semidwarf mutant, including several well-known auxin transporters, such as members of the ABCB family and PIN-FORMED genes. A melon polar auxin transport protein CmPIN2 was identified by protein-protein interaction assay as physically interacting with CmSI to modulate auxin signaling. Thus, CmSI functions in an auxin-dependent regulatory pathway to control internode elongation in melon. Our findings revealed that the ERECTA family gene CmSI regulates stem elongation in melon through auxin signaling, which can directly affect polar auxin transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Yang
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 63 Nongye Road, 450002, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kaige Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 63 Nongye Road, 450002, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huayu Zhu
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 63 Nongye Road, 450002, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaojing Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 63 Nongye Road, 450002, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenkai Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Bioinformatics Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China
| | - Nana Xu
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 63 Nongye Road, 450002, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dongming Liu
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 63 Nongye Road, 450002, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jianbin Hu
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 63 Nongye Road, 450002, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yufeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Bioinformatics Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China
| | - Yiqun Weng
- USDA-ARS, Vegetable Crops Research Unit, Horticulture Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Luming Yang
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 63 Nongye Road, 450002, Zhengzhou, China.
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Amkul K, Somta P, Laosatit K, Wang L. Identification of QTLs for Domestication-Related Traits in Zombi Pea [ Vigna vexillata (L.) A. Rich], a Lost Crop of Africa. Front Genet 2020; 11:803. [PMID: 33193562 PMCID: PMC7530282 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Zombi pea [Vigna vexillata (L.) A. Rich] is a legume crop found in Africa. Wild zombi pea is widely distributed throughout the tropical and subtropical regions, whereas domesticated zombi pea is rarely cultivated. Plant domestication is an evolutionary process in which the phenotypes of wild species, including seed dormancy, pod shattering, organ size, and architectural and phenological characteristics, undergo changes. The molecular mechanism underlying the domestication of zombi pea is relatively unknown. In this study, the genetic basis of the following 13 domestication-related traits was investigated in an F2 population comprising 198 individuals derived from a cross between cultivated (var. macrosperma) and wild (var. vexillata) zombi pea accessions: seed dormancy, pod shattering, days-to-flowering, days-to-maturity, stem thickness, stem length, number of branches, leaf area, pod length, 100-seed weight, seed width, seed length, and seeds per pod. A genetic map containing 6,529 single nucleotide polymorphisms constructed for the F2 population was used to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for these traits. A total of 62 QTLs were identified for the 13 traits, with 1-11 QTLs per trait. The major QTLs for days-to-flowering, stem length, number of branches, pod length, 100-seed weight, seed length, and seeds per pod were clustered in linkage group 5. In contrast, the major QTLs for seed dormancy and pod shattering belonged to linkage groups 3 and 11, respectively. A comparative genomic analysis with the cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] genome used as the reference sequence (i.e., the genome of the legume species most closely related to zombi pea) enabled the identification of candidate genes for the major QTLs. Thus, we revealed the genomic regions associated with domestication-related traits and the candidate genes controlling these traits in zombi pea. The data presented herein may be useful for breeding new varieties of zombi pea and other Vigna species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kitiya Amkul
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture at Kamphaeng Saen, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Prakit Somta
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture at Kamphaeng Saen, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand.,Center of Excellence on Agricultural Biotechnology: (AG-BIO/PERDO-CHE), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kularb Laosatit
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture at Kamphaeng Saen, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Lixia Wang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Deveshwar P, Prusty A, Sharma S, Tyagi AK. Phytohormone-Mediated Molecular Mechanisms Involving Multiple Genes and QTL Govern Grain Number in Rice. Front Genet 2020; 11:586462. [PMID: 33281879 PMCID: PMC7689023 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.586462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing the grain number is the most direct route toward enhancing the grain yield in cereals. In rice, grain number can be amplified through increasing the shoot branching (tillering), panicle branching, panicle length, and seed set percentage. Phytohormones have been conclusively shown to control the above characteristics by regulating molecular factors and their cross-interactions. The dynamic equilibrium of cytokinin levels in both shoot and inflorescence meristems, maintained by the regulation of its biosynthesis, activation, and degradation, determines the tillering and panicle branching, respectively. Auxins and gibberellins are known broadly to repress the axillary meristems, while jasmonic acid is implicated in the determination of reproductive meristem formation. The balance of auxin, gibberellin, and cytokinin determines meristematic activities in the inflorescence. Strigolactones have been shown to repress the shoot branching but seem to regulate panicle branching positively. Ethylene, brassinosteroids, and gibberellins regulate spikelet abortion and grain filling. Further studies on the optimization of endogenous hormonal levels can help in the expansion of the grain yield potential of rice. This review focuses on the molecular machinery, involving several genes and quantitative trait loci (QTL), operational in the plant that governs hormonal control and, in turn, gets governed by the hormones to regulate grain number and yield in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Deveshwar
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics and Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Ankita Prusty
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics and Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Shivam Sharma
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics and Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Akhilesh K Tyagi
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics and Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
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Wang ST, Guo XF, Yao TS, Xuan YH. Indeterminate domain 3 negatively regulates plant erectness and the resistance of rice to sheath blight by controlling PIN-FORMED gene expressions. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2020; 15:1809847. [PMID: 32842845 PMCID: PMC7588189 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2020.1809847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Plant architecture and disease resistance are the key factors that control the production of yield. However, the mechanism behind these factors is largely unknown. In this study, we identified that indeterminate domain 3 (IDD3) was obviously induced by inoculation of Rhizoctonia solani AG1-IA. Plants that overexpressed IDD3 (IDD3 OX) were more susceptible, while idd3 mutants showed a similar response to sheath blight disease compared with wild-type plants. Interestingly, IDD3 OX plants developed a wider tiller angle and exhibited altered shoot gravitropism, while idd3 knock-out mutants showed no visible morphological differences compared with the wild-type plants. IDD3 is ubiquitously expressed in different tissues and stages, and the IDD3 transcript was induced by exogenously applied auxin. Expression of the PIN-FORMED (PIN) and Aux/IAA genes was altered in IDD3 OX compared with wild-type plants. Furthermore, IDD3 OX plants are sensitive to auxin and the polar auxin transporter inhibitor N-1-naphthylphalamic acid (NPA). Further yeast-one hybrid, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and transient assays revealed that IDD3 directly represses PIN1b via promoter binding. Inoculation with R. solani indicated that PIN1b RNAi plants are more susceptible to sheath blight disease (ShB) compared with the wild-type. Taken together, our analyses suggest that IDD3 controls plant architecture and the resistance of rice to ShB via the regulation of PIN auxin transporter genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Ting Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiao Fan Guo
- School of Life Science and Technology, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan, China
| | - Ting Shan Yao
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuan Hu Xuan
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
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Yang T, Feng H, Zhang S, Xiao H, Hu Q, Chen G, Xuan W, Moran N, Murphy A, Yu L, Xu G. The Potassium Transporter OsHAK5 Alters Rice Architecture via ATP-Dependent Transmembrane Auxin Fluxes. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2020; 1:100052. [PMID: 33367257 PMCID: PMC7747981 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2020.100052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Plant HAK/KUP/KT family members function as plasma membrane (PM) H+/K+ symporters and may modulate chemiosmotically-driven polar auxin transport (PAT). Here, we show that inactivation of OsHAK5, a rice K+ transporter gene, decreased rootward and shootward PAT, tiller number, and the length of both lateral roots and root hairs, while OsHAK5 overexpression increased PAT, tiller number, and root hair length, irrespective of the K+ supply. Inhibitors of ATP-binding-cassette type-B transporters, NPA and BUM, abolished the OsHAK5-overexpression effect on PAT. The mechanistic basis of these changes included the OsHAK5-mediated decrease of transmembrane potential (depolarization), increase of extracellular pH, and increase of PM-ATPase activity. These findings highlight the dual roles of OsHAK5 in altering cellular chemiosmotic gradients (generated continuously by PM H+-ATPase) and regulating ATP-dependent auxin transport. Both functions may underlie the prominent effect of OsHAK5 on rice architecture, which may be exploited in the future to increase crop yield via genetic manipulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Huimin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Song Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Huojun Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qingdi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Guang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wei Xuan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Nava Moran
- The R.H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Angus Murphy
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Ling Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Guohua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Xu X, Feng G, Liang Y, Shuai Y, Liu Q, Nie G, Yang Z, Hang L, Zhang X. Comparative transcriptome analyses reveal different mechanism of high- and low-tillering genotypes controlling tiller growth in orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:369. [PMID: 32758131 PMCID: PMC7409468 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02582-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tillering is an important agronomic trait underlying the yields and reproduction of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata), an important perennial forage grass. Although some genes affecting tiller initiation have been identified, the tillering regulatory network is still largely unknown, especially in perennial forage grasses. Thus, unraveling the regulatory mechanisms of tillering in orchardgrass could be helpful in developing selective strategies for high-yield perennial grasses. In this study, we generated high-throughput RNA-sequencing data from multiple tissues of tillering stage plants to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between high- and low-tillering orchardgrass genotypes. Gene Ontology and pathway enrichment analyses connecting the DEGs to tillering number diversity were conducted. RESULTS In the present study, approximately 26,282 DEGs were identified between two orchardgrass genotypes, AKZ-NRGR667 (a high-tillering genotype) and D20170203 (a low-tillering genotype), which significantly differed in tiller number. Pathway enrichment analysis indicated that DEGs related to the biosynthesis of three classes of phytohormones, i.e., strigolactones (SLs), abscisic acid (ABA), and gibberellic acid (GA), as well as nitrogen metabolism dominated such differences between the high- and low-tillering genotypes. We also confirmed that under phosphorus deficiency, the expression level of the major SL biosynthesis genes encoding DWARF27 (D27), 9-cis-beta-carotene 9',10'-cleaving dioxygenase (CCD7), carlactone synthase (CCD8), and more axillary branching1 (MAX1) proteins in the high-tillering orchardgrass genotype increased more slowly relative to the low-tillering genotype. CONCLUSIONS Here, we used transcriptomic data to study the tillering mechanism of perennial forage grasses. We demonstrated that differential expression patterns of genes involved in SL, ABA, and GA biosynthesis may differentiate high- and low-tillering orchardgrass genotypes at the tillering stage. Furthermore, the core SL biosynthesis-associated genes in high-tillering orchardgrass were more insensitive than the low-tillering genotype to phosphorus deficiency which can lead to increases in SL biosynthesis, raising the possibility that there may be distinct SL biosynthesis way in tillering regulation in orchardgrass. Our research has revealed some candidate genes involved in the regulation of tillering in perennial grasses that is available for establishment of new breeding resources for high-yield perennial grasses and will serve as a new resource for future studies into molecular mechanism of tillering regulation in orchardgrass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoheng Xu
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guangyan Feng
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yueyang Liang
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Shuai
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiuxu Liu
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Nie
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhongfu Yang
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Linkai Hang
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinquan Zhang
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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Wen X, Sun L, Chen Y, Xue P, Yang Q, Wang B, Yu N, Cao Y, Zhang Y, Gong K, Wu W, Chen D, Cao L, Cheng S, Zhang Y, Zhan X. Rice dwarf and low tillering 10 (OsDLT10) regulates tiller number by monitoring auxin homeostasis. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 297:110502. [PMID: 32563453 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Tiller number is a crucial agronomic trait that directly affects the number of effective panicles and yield formation in rice. Here, we report a semi-dwarf and low tillering mutant Osdlt10 (dwarf and low tillering 10) that exhibited reduced tiller number, semi-dwarfism, increased grain width, low seed-setting rate, curled leaf tip and a series of abnormalities of agronomic traits. Phenotypic observations showed that Osdlt10 mutants had defects in tiller bud formation and grew slowly at the tillering stage. Map-based cloning revealed that LOC_Os10g41310 was the responsible gene for OsDLT10, which was subsequently demonstrated using the CRISPR/Cas9 system and a complementary experiment. Expression pattern analysis indicated that OsDLT10 was primarily expressed in the stem node, the basic part of axillary bud and leaf sheath, pulvinus. The hormone treatment investigation indicated that extremely high of exogenous auxin concentrations can inhibit the expression of OsDLT10. Endogenous auxin content decreased significantly at the base of stem node and axillary bud in Osdlt10 mutants. The results showed that OsDLT10 was related to auxin. qPCR analysis results further showed that the expression levels of auxin transport genes (PINs) and early response genes (IAAs) were significantly increased. The expression levels of WUS-like and FON1 were substantially decreased in the Osdlt10 mutants. These results revealed that OsDLT10 played a critical role in influencing tiller number, likely in association with hormone signals and the WUS-CLV pathway, to regulate axillary bud development in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Wen
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research & State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; China National Center For Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lianping Sun
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research & State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; China National Center For Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuyu Chen
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research & State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; China National Center For Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Pao Xue
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research & State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; China National Center For Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qinqin Yang
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research & State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; China National Center For Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Beifang Wang
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research & State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; China National Center For Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ning Yu
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research & State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; China National Center For Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yongrun Cao
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research & State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; China National Center For Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research & State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; China National Center For Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ke Gong
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research & State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; China National Center For Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weixun Wu
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research & State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; China National Center For Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Daibo Chen
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research & State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; China National Center For Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liyong Cao
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research & State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; China National Center For Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shihua Cheng
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research & State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; China National Center For Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yingxin Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research & State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; China National Center For Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xiaodeng Zhan
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research & State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; China National Center For Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China.
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Luo L, Zhang Y, Xu G. How does nitrogen shape plant architecture? JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:4415-4427. [PMID: 32279073 PMCID: PMC7475096 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plant nitrogen (N), acquired mainly in the form of nitrate and ammonium from soil, dominates growth and development, and high-yield crop production relies heavily on N fertilization. The mechanisms of root adaptation to altered supply of N forms and concentrations have been well characterized and reviewed, while reports concerning the effects of N on the architecture of vegetative and reproductive organs are limited and are widely dispersed in the literature. In this review, we summarize the nitrate and amino acid regulation of shoot branching, flowering, and panicle development, as well as the N regulation of cell division and expansion in shaping plant architecture, mainly in cereal crops. The basic regulatory steps involving the control of plant architecture by the N supply are auxin-, cytokinin-, and strigolactone-controlled cell division in shoot apical meristem and gibberellin-controlled inverse regulation of shoot height and tillering. In addition, transport of amino acids has been shown to be involved in the control of shoot branching. The N supply may alter the timing and duration of the transition from the vegetative to the reproductive growth phase, which in turn may affect cereal crop architecture, particularly the structure of panicles for grain yield. Thus, proper manipulation of N-regulated architecture can increase crop yield and N use efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- China MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Nanjing, China
| | - Yali Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- China MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Nanjing, China
| | - Guohua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- China MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Nanjing, China
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Characterization of the Auxin Efflux Transporter PIN Proteins in Pear. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9030349. [PMID: 32164258 PMCID: PMC7154836 DOI: 10.3390/plants9030349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
PIN-FORMED (PIN) encodes a key auxin polar transport family that plays a crucial role in the outward transport of auxin and several growth and development processes, including dwarfing trees. We identified a dwarfing pear rootstock 'OHF51' (Pyrus communis), which limits the growth vigor of the 'Xueqing' (Pyrus bretschneideri × Pyrus pyrifolia) scion, and isolated 14 putative PbPINs from the pear Pyrus bretschneideri. The phylogenic relationships, structure, promoter regions, and expression patterns were analyzed. PbPINs were classified into two main groups based on the protein domain structure and categorized into three major groups using the neighbor-joining algorithm. Promoter analysis demonstrated that PbPINs might be closely related to plant growth and development. Through quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis, we found that the expression patterns of 14 PbPINs varied upon exposure to different organs in dwarfing and vigorous stocks, 'OHF51' and 'QN101' (Pyrus betulifolia), indicating that they might play varying roles in different tissues and participated in the regulation of growth vigor. These results provide fundamental insights into the characteristics and evolution of the PINs family, as well as the possible relationship between dwarfing ability and auxin polar transport.
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Nutan KK, Rathore RS, Tripathi AK, Mishra M, Pareek A, Singla-Pareek SL. Integrating the dynamics of yield traits in rice in response to environmental changes. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:490-506. [PMID: 31410470 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Reductions in crop yields as a consequence of global climate change threaten worldwide food security. It is therefore imperative to develop high-yielding crop plants that show sustainable production under stress conditions. In order to achieve this aim through breeding or genetic engineering, it is crucial to have a complete and comprehensive understanding of the molecular basis of plant architecture and the regulation of its sub-components that contribute to yield under stress. Rice is one of the most widely consumed crops and is adversely affected by abiotic stresses such as drought and salinity. Using it as a model system, in this review we present a summary of our current knowledge of the physiological and molecular mechanisms that determine yield traits in rice under optimal growth conditions and under conditions of environmental stress. Based on physiological functioning, we also consider the best possible combination of genes that may improve grain yield under optimal as well as environmentally stressed conditions. The principles that we present here for rice will also be useful for similar studies in other grain crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamlesh Kant Nutan
- Plant Stress Biology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Ray Singh Rathore
- Plant Stress Biology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Amit Kumar Tripathi
- Plant Stress Biology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Manjari Mishra
- Plant Stress Biology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashwani Pareek
- Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Sneh Lata Singla-Pareek
- Plant Stress Biology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
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Vlaminck L, Sang-Aram C, Botterman D, Uy CJC, Harper MK, Inzé D, Gheysen G, Depuydt S. Development of a novel and rapid phenotype-based screening method to assess rice seedling growth. PLANT METHODS 2020; 16:139. [PMID: 33072175 PMCID: PMC7560306 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-020-00682-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rice (Oryza sativa) is one of the most important model crops in plant research. Despite its considerable advantages, (phenotypic) bioassays for rice are not as well developed as for Arabidopsis thaliana. Here, we present a phenotype-based screening method to study shoot-related parameters of rice seedlings via an automated computer analysis. RESULTS The phenotype-based screening method was validated by testing several compounds in pharmacological experiments that interfered with hormone homeostasis, confirming that the assay was consistent with regard to the anticipated plant growth regulation and revealing the robustness of the set-up in terms of reproducibility. Moreover, abiotic stress tests using NaCl and DCMU, an electron transport blocker during the light dependent reactions of photosynthesis, confirmed the validity of the new method for a wide range of applications. Next, this method was used to screen the impact of semi-purified fractions of marine invertebrates on the initial stages of rice seedling growth. Certain fractions clearly stimulated growth, whereas others inhibited it, especially in the root, illustrating the possible applications of this novel, robust, and fast phenotype-based screening method for rice. CONCLUSIONS The validated phenotype-based and cost-efficient screening method allows a quick and proper analysis of shoot growth and requires only small volumes of compounds and media. As a result, this method could potentially be used for a whole range of applications, ranging from discovery of novel biostimulants, plant growth regulators, and plant growth-promoting bacteria to analysis of CRISPR knockouts, molecular plant breeding, genome-wide association, and phytotoxicity studies. The assay system described here can contribute to a better understanding of plant development in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Vlaminck
- Present Address: Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Laboratory of Plant Growth Analysis, Ghent University Global Campus, Incheon, 21985 South Korea
| | - Chananchida Sang-Aram
- Present Address: Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Laboratory of Plant Growth Analysis, Ghent University Global Campus, Incheon, 21985 South Korea
| | - Deborah Botterman
- Laboratory of Plant Growth Analysis, Ghent University Global Campus, Incheon, 21985 South Korea
| | - Christine Jewel C. Uy
- Laboratory of Plant Growth Analysis, Ghent University Global Campus, Incheon, 21985 South Korea
| | - Mary Kay Harper
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA
| | - Dirk Inzé
- Present Address: Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Stephen Depuydt
- Present Address: Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Laboratory of Plant Growth Analysis, Ghent University Global Campus, Incheon, 21985 South Korea
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Yoon J, Cho LH, Lee S, Pasriga R, Tun W, Yang J, Yoon H, Jeong HJ, Jeon JS, An G. Chromatin Interacting Factor OsVIL2 Is Required for Outgrowth of Axillary Buds in Rice. Mol Cells 2019; 42:858-868. [PMID: 31771322 PMCID: PMC6939655 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2019.0141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Shoot branching is an essential agronomic trait that impacts on plant architecture and yield. Shoot branching is determined by two independent steps: axillary meristem formation and axillary bud outgrowth. Although several genes and regulatory mechanism have been studied with respect to shoot branching, the roles of chromatin-remodeling factors in the developmental process have not been reported in rice. We previously identified a chromatin-remodeling factor OsVIL2 that controls the trimethylation of histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27me3) at target genes. In this study, we report that loss-of-function mutants in OsVIL2 showed a phenotype of reduced tiller number in rice. The reduction was due to a defect in axillary bud (tiller) outgrowth rather than axillary meristem initiation. Analysis of the expression patterns of the tiller-related genes revealed that expression of OsTB1, which is a negative regulator of bud outgrowth, was increased in osvil2 mutants. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays showed that OsVIL2 binds to the promoter region of OsTB1 chromatin in wild-type rice, but the binding was not observed in osvil2 mutants. Tiller number of double mutant osvil2 ostb1 was similar to that of ostb1, suggesting that osvil2 is epistatic to ostb1. These observations indicate that OsVIL2 suppresses OsTB1 expression by chromatin modification, thereby inducing bud outgrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinmi Yoon
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104,
Korea
| | - Lae-Hyeon Cho
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104,
Korea
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463,
Korea
| | - Sichul Lee
- Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daegu 42988,
Korea
| | - Richa Pasriga
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104,
Korea
| | - Win Tun
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104,
Korea
| | - Jungil Yang
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104,
Korea
| | - Hyeryung Yoon
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104,
Korea
| | - Hee Joong Jeong
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104,
Korea
| | - Jong-Seong Jeon
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104,
Korea
| | - Gynheung An
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104,
Korea
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77
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Mutation of ONAC096 Enhances Grain Yield by Increasing Panicle Number and Delaying Leaf Senescence during Grain Filling in Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20205241. [PMID: 31652646 PMCID: PMC6829889 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20205241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Exploring genetic methods to improve yield in grain crops such as rice (Oryza sativa) is essential to help meet the needs of the increasing population. Here, we report that rice ONAC096 affects grain yield by regulating leaf senescence and panicle number. ONAC096 expression increased rapidly in rice leaves upon the initiation of aging- and dark-induced senescence. Two independent T-DNA insertion mutants (onac096-1 and onac096-2) with downregulated ONAC096 expression retained their green leaf color during natural senescence in the field, thus extending their photosynthetic capacity. Reverse-transcription quantitative PCR analysis showed that ONAC096 upregulated genes controlling chlorophyll degradation and leaf senescence. Repressed OsCKX2 (encoding cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase) expression in the onac096 mutants led to a 15% increase in panicle number without affecting grain weight or fertility. ONAC096 mediates abscisic acid (ABA)-induced leaf senescence by upregulating the ABA signaling genes ABA INSENSITIVE5 and ENHANCED EM LEVEL. The onac096 mutants showed a 16% increase in grain yield, highlighting the potential for using this gene to increase grain production.
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78
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Sun H, Guo X, Xu F, Wu D, Zhang X, Lou M, Luo F, Xu G, Zhang Y. Overexpression of OsPIN2 Regulates Root Growth and Formation in Response to Phosphate Deficiency in Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20205144. [PMID: 31627334 PMCID: PMC6829224 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20205144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The response of root architecture to phosphate (P) deficiency is critical in plant growth and development. Auxin is a key regulator of plant root growth in response to P deficiency, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. In this study, phenotypic and genetic analyses were undertaken to explore the role of OsPIN2, an auxin efflux transporter, in regulating the growth and development of rice roots under normal nutrition condition (control) and low-phosphate condition (LP). Higher expression of OsPIN2 was observed in rice plants under LP compared to the control. Meanwhile, the auxin levels of roots were increased under LP relative to control condition in wild-type (WT) plants. Compared to WT plants, two overexpression (OE) lines had higher auxin levels in the roots under control and LP. LP led to increased seminal roots (SRs) length and the root hairs (RHs) density, but decreased lateral roots (LRs) density in WT plants. However, overexpression of OsPIN2 caused a loss of sensitivity in the root response to P deficiency. The OE lines had a shorter SR length, lower LR density, and greater RH density than WT plants under control. However, the LR and RH densities in the OE lines were similar to those in WT plants under LP. Compared to WT plants, overexpression of OsPIN2 had a shorter root length through decreased root cell elongation under control and LP. Surprisingly, overexpression of OsPIN2 might increase auxin distribution in epidermis of root, resulting in greater RH formation but less LR development in OE plants than in WT plants in the control condition but levels similar of these under LP. These results suggest that higher OsPIN2 expression regulates rice root growth and development maybe by changing auxin distribution in roots under LP condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huwei Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Xiaoli Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Fugui Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Daxia Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Xuhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Manman Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Feifei Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Guohua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Yali Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Ma J, Pei W, Ma Q, Geng Y, Liu G, Liu J, Cui Y, Zhang X, Wu M, Li X, Li D, Zang X, Song J, Tang S, Zhang J, Yu S, Yu J. QTL analysis and candidate gene identification for plant height in cotton based on an interspecific backcross inbred line population of Gossypium hirsutum × Gossypium barbadense. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2019; 132:2663-2676. [PMID: 31236630 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-019-03380-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We constructed the first high-quality and high-density genetic linkage map for an interspecific BIL population in cotton by specific-locus amplified fragment sequencing for QTL mapping. A novel gene GhPIN3 for plant height was identified in cotton. Ideal plant height (PH) is important for improving lint yield and mechanized harvesting in cotton. Most published genetic studies on cotton have focused on fibre yield and quality traits rather than PH. To facilitate the understanding of the genetic basis in PH, an interspecific backcross inbred line (BIL) population of 250 lines derived from upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) CRI36 and Egyptian cotton (G. barbadense L.) Hai7124 was used to construct a high-density genetic linkage map for quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping. The high-density genetic map harboured 7,709 genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS)-based single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers that covered 3,433.24 cM with a mean marker interval of 0.67 cM. In total, ten PH QTLs were identified and each explained 4.27-14.92% of the phenotypic variation, four of which were stable as they were mapped in at least two tests or based on best linear unbiased prediction in seven field tests. Based on functional annotation of orthologues in Arabidopsis and transcriptome data for the genes within the stable QTL regions, GhPIN3 encoding for the hormone auxin efflux carrier protein was identified as a candidate gene located in the stable QTL qPH-Dt1-1 region. A qRT-PCR analysis showed that the expression level of GhPIN3 in apical tissues was significantly higher in four short-statured cotton genotypes than that in four tall-statured cotton genotypes. Virus-induced gene silencing cotton has significantly increased PH when the expression of the GhPIN3 gene was suppressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjiang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Cotton Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Cotton Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
- College of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shanxi, China
| | - Wenfeng Pei
- Xinjiang Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, 830001, China
| | - Qifeng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Cotton Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Cotton Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Yanhui Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Cotton Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Cotton Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Guoyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Cotton Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Cotton Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Ji Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Cotton Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Cotton Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Yupeng Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Cotton Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Cotton Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Cotton Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Cotton Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Man Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Cotton Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Cotton Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Xingli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Cotton Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Cotton Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Dan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Cotton Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Cotton Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - XinShan Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Cotton Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Cotton Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Jikun Song
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Cotton Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Cotton Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Shurong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Cotton Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Cotton Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Jinfa Zhang
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, 880033, USA.
| | - Shuxun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Cotton Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Cotton Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China.
- College of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shanxi, China.
| | - Jiwen Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Cotton Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Cotton Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China.
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Li Z, Liang Y, Yuan Y, Wang L, Meng X, Xiong G, Zhou J, Cai Y, Han N, Hua L, Liu G, Li J, Wang Y. OsBRXL4 Regulates Shoot Gravitropism and Rice Tiller Angle through Affecting LAZY1 Nuclear Localization. MOLECULAR PLANT 2019; 12:1143-1156. [PMID: 31200078 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2019.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Rice tiller angle is a key agronomic trait that contributes to ideal plant architecture and grain production. LAZY1 (LA1) was previously shown to control tiller angle via affecting shoot gravitropism, but the underlying molecular mechanism remains largely unknown. In this study, we identified an LA1-interacting protein named Brevis Radix Like 4 (OsBRXL4). We showed that the interaction between OsBRXL4 and LA1 occurs at the plasma membrane and that their interaction determines nuclear localization of LA1. We found that nuclear localization of LA1 is essential for its function, which is different from AtLA1, its Arabidopsis ortholog. Overexpression of OsBRXL4 leads to a prostrate growth phenotype, whereas OsBRXLs RNAi plants, in which the expression levels of OsBRXL1, OsBRXL4, and OsBRXL5 were decreased, display a compact phenotype. Further genetic analysis also supported that OsBRXL4 controls rice tiller angle by affecting nuclear localization of LA1. Consistently, we demonstrated that OsBRXL4 regulates the shoot gravitropism through affecting polar auxin transport as did LA1. Taken together, our study not only identifies OsBRXL4 as a regulatory component of rice tiller angle but also provides new insights into genetic regulation of rice plant architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China; Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yundong Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiangbing Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Guosheng Xiong
- Plant Phenomics Research Center, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yueyue Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Ningpei Han
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Lekai Hua
- Root Biology Center, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Guifu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jiayang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China.
| | - Yonghong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.
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81
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Xie C, Zhang G, An L, Chen X, Fang R. Phytochrome-interacting factor-like protein OsPIL15 integrates light and gravitropism to regulate tiller angle in rice. PLANTA 2019; 250:105-114. [PMID: 30927053 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03149-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Rice phytochrome-interacting factor-like protein OsPIL15 regulates tiller angle through light and gravity signals in rice. Tiller angle of cereal crops is a key agronomic trait that contributes to grain production. An understanding of how tiller angle is controlled is helpful for achieving ideal plant architecture to improve grain yield. Phytochrome-interacting factors (PIFs) are known to regulate seed germination, seedling skotomorphogenesis, shade avoidance, and flowering in Arabidopsis thaliana. Here, we report that OsPIL15 is, indeed, a rice PIF that negatively regulates tiller angle. Dominant-negative OsPIL15 plants displayed a larger tiller angle, which was associated with reduced shoot gravitropism. Phytochrome B (phyB) is the main photoreceptor perceiving the low red:far-red ratio of shade light. Compared with wild-type rice plants, loss-of-function phyB plants and OsPIL15-overexpressing plants showed smaller tiller angles and enhanced shoot gravitropism. In addition, more OsPIL15 protein accumulated in phyB plants than in wild-type plants. Light regulates the level of the OsPIL15 protein negatively, depending on phyB partially. We propose that OsPIL15 integrates light and gravity signals to regulate tiller angle in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanmiao Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ge Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lin An
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaoying Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Rongxiang Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Beijing, 100101, China.
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SLR1 inhibits MOC1 degradation to coordinate tiller number and plant height in rice. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2738. [PMID: 31227696 PMCID: PMC6588547 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10667-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The breeding of cereals with altered gibberellin (GA) signaling propelled the ‘Green Revolution’ by generating semidwarf plants with increased tiller number. The mechanism by which GAs promote shoot height has been studied extensively, but it is not known what causes the inverse relationship between plant height and tiller number. Here we show that rice tiller number regulator MONOCULM 1 (MOC1) is protected from degradation by binding to the DELLA protein SLENDER RICE 1 (SLR1). GAs trigger the degradation of SLR1, leading to stem elongation and also to the degradation of MOC1, and hence a decrease in tiller number. This discovery provides a molecular explanation for the coordinated control of plant height and tiller number in rice by GAs, SLR1 and MOC1. Due to reduced gibberellin sensitivity, modern rice cultivars are shorter than traditional varieties but produce more tillers and have higher yields. Here Liao et al. show that gibberellin contributes to decreased tiller number by degrading the MOC1 protein that suppresses bud outgrowth.
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83
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Overexpression of Nitrate Transporter OsNRT2.1 Enhances Nitrate-Dependent Root Elongation. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10040290. [PMID: 30970675 PMCID: PMC6523718 DOI: 10.3390/genes10040290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Root morphology is essential for plant survival. NO3− is not only a nutrient, but also a signal substance affecting root growth in plants. However, the mechanism of NO3−-mediated root growth in rice remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of OsNRT2.1 on root elongation and nitrate signaling-mediated auxin transport using OsNRT2.1 overexpression lines. We observed that the overexpression of OsNRT2.1 increased the total root length in rice, including the seminal root length, total adventitious root length, and total lateral root length in seminal roots and adventitious roots under 0.5-mM NO3− conditions, but not under 0.5-mM NH4+ conditions. Compared with wild type (WT), the 15NO3− influx rate of OsNRT2.1 transgenic lines increased by 24.3%, and the expressions of auxin transporter genes (OsPIN1a/b/c and OsPIN2) also increased significantly under 0.5-mM NO3− conditions. There were no significant differences in root length, ß-glucuronidase (GUS) activity, and the expressions of OsPIN1a/b/c and OsPIN2 in the pDR5::GUS transgenic line between 0.5-mM NO3− and 0.5-mM NH4+ treatments together with N-1-naphthylphalamic acid (NPA) treatment. When exogenous NPA was added to 0.5-mM NO3− nutrient solution, there were no significant differences in the total root length and expressions of OsPIN1a/b/c and OsPIN2 between transgenic plants and WT, although the 15NO3− influx rate of OsNRT2.1 transgenic lines increased by 25.2%. These results indicated that OsNRT2.1 is involved in the pathway of nitrate-dependent root elongation by regulating auxin transport to roots; i.e., overexpressing OsNRT2.1 promotes an effect on root growth upon NO3− treatment that requires active polar auxin transport.
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84
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Chongloi GL, Prakash S, Vijayraghavan U. Regulation of meristem maintenance and organ identity during rice reproductive development. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:1719-1736. [PMID: 30753578 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Grasses have evolved complex inflorescences, where the primary unit is the specialized short branch called a spikelet. Detailed studies of the cumulative action of the genetic regulators that direct the progressive change in axillary meristem identity and their terminal differentiation are crucial to understanding the complexities of the inflorescence and the development of a determinate floret. Grass florets also pose interesting questions concerning the morphologies and functions of organs as compared to other monocots and eudicots. In this review, we summarize our current knowledge of the regulation of the transitions that occur in grass inflorescence meristems, and of the specification of floret meristems and their determinate development. We primarily use rice as a model, with appropriate comparisons to other crop models and to the extensively studied eudicot Arabidopsis. The role of MADS-domain transcription factors in floral organ patterning is well documented in many eudicots and in grasses. However, there is evidence to suggest that some of these rice floral regulators have evolved distinctive functions and that other grass species-specific factors and regulatory pathways occur - for example the LOFSEP 'E' class genes OsMADS1 and OsMAD34, and ramosa genes. A better understanding of these systems and the epigenetic regulators and hormone signaling pathways that interact with them will provide new insights into the rice inflorescence meristem and the differentiation of its floret organs, and should indicate genetic tools that can be used to control yield-related traits in both rice and other cereal crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace L Chongloi
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Sandhan Prakash
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Usha Vijayraghavan
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
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85
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Matthes MS, Best NB, Robil JM, Malcomber S, Gallavotti A, McSteen P. Auxin EvoDevo: Conservation and Diversification of Genes Regulating Auxin Biosynthesis, Transport, and Signaling. MOLECULAR PLANT 2019; 12:298-320. [PMID: 30590136 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2018.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The phytohormone auxin has been shown to be of pivotal importance in growth and development of land plants. The underlying molecular players involved in auxin biosynthesis, transport, and signaling are quite well understood in Arabidopsis. However, functional characterizations of auxin-related genes in economically important crops, specifically maize and rice, are still limited. In this article, we comprehensively review recent functional studies on auxin-related genes in both maize and rice, compared with what is known in Arabidopsis, and highlight conservation and diversification of their functions. Our analysis is illustrated by phylogenetic analysis and publicly available gene expression data for each gene family, which will aid in the identification of auxin-related genes for future research. Current challenges and future directions for auxin research in maize and rice are discussed. Developments in gene editing techniques provide powerful tools for overcoming the issue of redundancy in these gene families and will undoubtedly advance auxin research in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Sylvia Matthes
- Division of Biological Sciences, Interdisciplinary Plant Group and Missouri Maize Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, 301 Christopher Bond Life Sciences Center, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Norman Bradley Best
- Division of Biological Sciences, Interdisciplinary Plant Group and Missouri Maize Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, 301 Christopher Bond Life Sciences Center, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Janlo M Robil
- Division of Biological Sciences, Interdisciplinary Plant Group and Missouri Maize Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, 301 Christopher Bond Life Sciences Center, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Simon Malcomber
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Long Beach, CA 90840, USA
| | - Andrea Gallavotti
- Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8020, USA; Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Paula McSteen
- Division of Biological Sciences, Interdisciplinary Plant Group and Missouri Maize Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, 301 Christopher Bond Life Sciences Center, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
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86
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Hill JL, Hollender CA. Branching out: new insights into the genetic regulation of shoot architecture in trees. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 47:73-80. [PMID: 30339931 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Directional growth in all plants involves both phototropic and gravitropic responses. Accordingly, mechanisms controlling shoot architecture throughout the plant kingdom are likely similar. However, as forms vary between species due in part to gene copy number and functional divergence, some aspects of how plants predetermine and regulate architecture can differ. This is especially true when comparing annual herbaceous species (e.g. model plants) to woody perennials such as trees. In the past decade, inexpensive genomic sequencing and technological advances enabled gene discovery and functional analyses in trees. This led to the identification of genes associated with tree shoot architecture control. Here, we present recent discoveries on the regulation of shoot architectures for which causative genes have been identified, including dwarf, weeping, columnar, and pillar growth habits. We also discuss potential applications of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph L Hill
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Courtney A Hollender
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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87
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Sun H, Xu F, Guo X, Wu D, Zhang X, Lou M, Luo F, Zhao Q, Xu G, Zhang Y. A Strigolactone Signal Inhibits Secondary Lateral Root Development in Rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1527. [PMID: 31824543 PMCID: PMC6882917 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) and their derivatives are plant hormones that have recently been identified as regulators of primary lateral root (LR) development. However, whether SLs mediate secondary LR production in rice (Oryza sativa L.), and how SLs and auxin interact in this process, remain unclear. In this study, the SL-deficient (dwarf10) and SL-insensitive (dwarf3) rice mutants and lines overexpressing OsPIN2 (OE) were used to investigate secondary LR development. The effects of exogenous GR24 (a synthetic SL analogue), 1-naphthylacetic acid (NAA; an exogenous auxin), 1-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA; a polar auxin transport inhibitor), and abamine (a synthetic SL inhibitor) on rice secondary LR development were investigated. Rice d mutants with impaired SL biosynthesis and signaling exhibited increased secondary LR production compared with wild-type (WT) plants. Application of GR24 decreased the numbers of secondary LRs in dwarf10 (d10) plants but not in dwarf3 (d3), plants. These results indicate that SLs negatively regulate rice secondary LR production. Higher expression of DR5::GUS and more secondary LR primordia were found in the d mutants than in the WT plants. Exogenous NAA application increased expression of DR5::GUS in the WT, but had no effect on secondary LR formation. No secondary LRs were recorded in the OE lines, although DR5::GUS levels were higher than in the WT plants. However, on application of NPA, the numbers of secondary LRs were reduced in d10 and d3 mutants. Application of NAA increased the number of secondary LRs in the d mutants. GR24 eliminated the effect of NAA on secondary LR development in the d10, but not in the d3, mutants. These results demonstrate the importance of auxin in secondary LR formation, and that this process is inhibited by SLs via the D3 response pathway, but the interaction between auxin and SLs is complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huwei Sun
- Laboratory of Rice Biology in Henan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Huwei Sun, ; Yali Zhang,
| | - Fugui Xu
- Laboratory of Rice Biology in Henan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Guo
- Laboratory of Rice Biology in Henan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Daxia Wu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuhong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Manman Lou
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feifei Luo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Quanzhi Zhao
- Laboratory of Rice Biology in Henan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guohua Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yali Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Huwei Sun, ; Yali Zhang,
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88
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Inahashi H, Shelley IJ, Yamauchi T, Nishiuchi S, Takahashi-Nosaka M, Matsunami M, Ogawa A, Noda Y, Inukai Y. OsPIN2, which encodes a member of the auxin efflux carrier proteins, is involved in root elongation growth and lateral root formation patterns via the regulation of auxin distribution in rice. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2018; 164:216-225. [PMID: 29446441 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Auxin flow is important for different root developmental processes such as root formation, emergence, elongation and gravitropism. However, the detailed information about the mechanisms regulating the auxin flow is less well understood in rice. We characterized the auxin transport-related mutants, Ospin-formed2-1 (Ospin2-1) and Ospin2-2, which exhibited curly root phenotypes and altered lateral root formation patterns in rice. The OsPIN2 gene encodes a member of the auxin efflux carrier proteins that possibly regulates the basipetal auxin flow from the root tip toward the root elongation zone. According to DR5-driven GUS expression, there is an asymmetric auxin distribution in the mutants that corresponded with the asymmetric cell elongation pattern in the mutant root tip. Auxin transport inhibitor, N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid and Ospin2-1 Osiaa13 double mutant rescued the curly root phenotype indicating that this phenotype results from a defect in proper auxin distribution. The typical curly root phenotype was not observed when Ospin2-1 was grown in distilled water as an alternative to tap water, although higher auxin levels were found at the root tip region of the mutant than that of the wild-type. Therefore, the lateral root formation zone in the mutant was shifted basipetally compared with the wild-type. These results reflect that an altered auxin flow in the root tip region is responsible for root elongation growth and lateral root formation patterns in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Inahashi
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Israt J Shelley
- International Cooperation Center for Agricultural Education, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Takaki Yamauchi
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Shunsaku Nishiuchi
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Misuzu Takahashi-Nosaka
- International Cooperation Center for Agricultural Education, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan
- National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, 411-8540, Japan
| | - Maya Matsunami
- Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, 020-8550, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ogawa
- Department of Biological Production, Akita Prefectural University, Akita, Akita, 010-0146, Japan
| | - Yusaku Noda
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Inukai
- International Cooperation Center for Agricultural Education, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan
- PRESTO, JST, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
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89
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Sun CH, Yu JQ, Duan X, Wang JH, Zhang QY, Gu KD, Hu DG, Zheng CS. The MADS transcription factor CmANR1 positively modulates root system development by directly regulating CmPIN2 in chrysanthemum. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2018; 5:52. [PMID: 30302256 PMCID: PMC6165851 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-018-0061-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plant root systems are essential for many physiological processes, including water and nutrient absorption. MADS-box transcription factor (TF) genes have been characterized as the important regulators of root development in plants; however, the underlying mechanism is largely unknown, including chrysanthemum. Here, it was found that the overexpression of CmANR1, a chrysanthemum MADS-box TF gene, promoted both adventitious root (AR) and lateral root (LR) development in chrysanthemum. Whole transcriptome sequencing analysis revealed a series of differentially expressed unigenes (DEGs) in the roots of CmANR1-transgenic chrysanthemum plants compared to wild-type plants. Functional annotation of these DEGs by alignment with Gene Ontology (GO) terms and biochemical pathway Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis indicated that CmANR1 TF exhibited "DNA binding" and "catalytic" activity, as well as participated in "phytohormone signal transduction". Both chromatin immunoprecipitation-polymerase chain reaction (ChIP-PCR) and gel electrophoresis mobility shift assays (EMSA) indicated the direct binding of CmPIN2 to the recognition site CArG-box motif by CmANR1. Finally, a firefly luciferase imaging assay demonstrated the transcriptional activation of CmPIN2 by CmANR1 in vivo. Overall, our results provide novel insights into the mechanisms of MADS-box TF CmANR1 modulation of both AR and LR development, which occurs by directly regulating auxin transport gene CmPIN2 in chrysanthemum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui-Hui Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong 271018 China
| | - Jian-Qiang Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong 271018 China
| | - Xi Duan
- Shandong Agricultural and Engineering University, Ji-Nan, Shandong China
| | - Jia-Hui Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong 271018 China
| | - Quan-Yan Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong 271018 China
| | - Kai-Di Gu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong 271018 China
| | - Da-Gang Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong 271018 China
| | - Cheng-Shu Zheng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong 271018 China
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90
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OsPIN1b is Involved in Rice Seminal Root Elongation by Regulating Root Apical Meristem Activity in Response to Low Nitrogen and Phosphate. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13014. [PMID: 30158652 PMCID: PMC6115472 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29784-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The response of plant root development to nutrient deficiencies is critical for crop production. Auxin, nitric oxide (NO), and strigolactones (SLs) are important regulators of root growth under low-nitrogen and -phosphate (LN and LP) conditions. Polar auxin transport in plants, which is mainly dependent on auxin efflux protein PINs, creates local auxin maxima to form the basis for root initiation and elongation; however, the PIN genes that play an important role in LN- and LP-modulated root growth remain unclear. qRT-PCR analysis of OsPIN family genes showed that the expression of OsPIN1b is most abundant in root tip and is significantly downregulated by LN, LP, sodium nitroprusside (SNP, NO donor), and GR24 (analogue of SLs) treatments. Seminal roots in ospin1b mutants were shorter than those of the wild type; and the seminal root, [3H]IAA transport, and IAA concentration responses to LN, LP, SNP, and GR24 application were attenuated in ospin1b-1 mutants. pCYCB1;1::GUS expression was upregulated by LN, LP, SNP, and GR24 treatments in wild type, but not in the ospin1b-1 mutant, suggesting that OsPIN1b is involved in auxin transport and acts as a downstream mediator of NO and SLs to induce meristem activity in root tip in rice under LN and LP.
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91
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Abstract
Shoot architecture is determined by the organization and activities of apical, axillary, intercalary, secondary, and inflorescence meristems and by the subsequent development of stems, leaves, shoot branches, and inflorescences. In this review, we discuss the unifying principles of hormonal and genetic control of shoot architecture including advances in our understanding of lateral branch outgrowth; control of stem elongation, thickness, and angle; and regulation of inflorescence development. We focus on recent progress made mainly in Arabidopsis thaliana, rice, pea, maize, and tomato, including the identification of new genes and mechanisms controlling shoot architecture. Key advances include elucidation of mechanisms by which strigolactones, auxins, and genes such as IDEAL PLANT ARCHITECTURE1 and TEOSINTE BRANCHED1 control shoot architecture. Knowledge now available provides a foundation for rational approaches to crop breeding and the generation of ideotypes with defined architectural features to improve performance and productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
| | - Steven M Smith
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart 7001, Australia;
| | - Jiayang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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92
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Wang L, Guo M, Li Y, Ruan W, Mo X, Wu Z, Sturrock CJ, Yu H, Lu C, Peng J, Mao C. LARGE ROOT ANGLE1, encoding OsPIN2, is involved in root system architecture in rice. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:385-397. [PMID: 29294052 PMCID: PMC5853395 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Root system architecture is very important for plant growth and crop yield. It is essential for nutrient and water uptake, anchoring, and mechanical support. Root growth angle (RGA) is a vital constituent of root system architecture and is used as a parameter for variety evaluation in plant breeding. However, little is known about the underlying molecular mechanisms that determine root growth angle in rice (Oryza sativa). In this study, a rice mutant large root angle1 (lra1) was isolated and shown to exhibit a large RGA and reduced sensitivity to gravity. Genome resequencing and complementation assays identified OsPIN2 as the gene responsible for the mutant phenotypes. OsPIN2 was mainly expressed in roots and the base of shoots, and showed polar localization in the plasma membrane of root epidermal and cortex cells. OsPIN2 was shown to play an important role in mediating root gravitropic responses in rice and was essential for plants to produce normal RGAs. Taken together, our findings suggest that OsPIN2 plays an important role in root gravitropic responses and determining the root system architecture in rice by affecting polar auxin transport in the root tip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengxue Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenyuan Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaorong Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhongchang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Craig J Sturrock
- The Hounsfield Facility, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Biological Sciences and Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chungui Lu
- School of Animal, Rural and Environmental Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Jinrong Peng
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chuanzao Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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93
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Wang Y, Zhang T, Wang R, Zhao Y. Recent advances in auxin research in rice and their implications for crop improvement. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:255-263. [PMID: 28992208 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Auxin is essential for various aspects of plant development, and modulation of auxin pathways has great potential for crop improvement. Although the current understanding of auxin biology including auxin biosynthesis, transport, and signaling mainly originated from studies in Arabidopsis, several key auxin genes were first discovered in rice, indicating that it is useful to employ several plant systems for auxin research. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in auxin biology in rice, highlight the main contributions of rice research to auxin biology, and discuss the potential for crop improvement through modulating auxin pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidong Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, China
| | - Rongchen Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, China
| | - Yunde Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, China
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California San Diego, USA
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94
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Shen Y, Yang Y, Xu E, Ge X, Xiang Y, Li Z. Novel and major QTL for branch angle detected by using DH population from an exotic introgression in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2018; 131:67-78. [PMID: 28942459 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-017-2986-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A high-density SNP map was constructed and several novel QTL for branch angle across six environments in Brassica napus were identified. Branch angle is a major determinant for the ideotype of a plant, while the mechanisms underlying this trait in Brassica napus remain elusive. Herein, we developed one doubled haploid population from a cross involving one Capsella bursa-pastoris derived B. napus intertribal introgression line with the compressed branches and wooden stems, and constructed a high-density SNP map covering the genetic distance of 2242.14 cM, with an average marker interval of 0.73 cM. After phenotypic measurements across six environments, the inclusive composite interval mapping algorithm was conducted to analyze the QTL associated with branch angle. In single-environment analysis, a total of 17 QTL were detected and mainly distributed on chromosomes A01, A03, A09 and C03. Of these, three major QTL, qBA.A03-2, qBA.C03-3 and qBA.C03-4 were steadily expressed, each explaining more than 10% of the phenotypic variation in at least two environments. Compared with other results on rapeseed branch angle, these major QTL were newly detected. In QTL by environment interactions (QEI) mapping, 10 QTL were identified, and the QTL average effect and QEI effect were estimated. Of these, 7 QTL were detected in both single-environment analysis and QEI mapping. Based on the physical positions of SNPs and the functional annotation of the Arabidopsis thaliana genome, 27 genes within the QTL regions were selected as candidate genes, including early auxin-responsive genes, small auxin-up RNA, auxin/indoleacetic acid and gretchenhagen-3. These results may pave the way for deciphering the genetic control of branch angle in B. napus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusen Shen
- National Key Lab of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Oil Crop Improvement (Wuhan), College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Yang
- National Key Lab of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Oil Crop Improvement (Wuhan), College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Ensheng Xu
- National Key Lab of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Oil Crop Improvement (Wuhan), College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianhong Ge
- National Key Lab of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Oil Crop Improvement (Wuhan), College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Xiang
- Guizhou Rapeseed Institute, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, 550008, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zaiyun Li
- National Key Lab of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Oil Crop Improvement (Wuhan), College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China.
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95
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Zhang T, Li R, Xing J, Yan L, Wang R, Zhao Y. The YUCCA-Auxin-WOX11 Module Controls Crown Root Development in Rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:523. [PMID: 29740464 PMCID: PMC5925970 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
A well-developed root system in rice and other crops can ensure plants to efficiently absorb nutrients and water. Auxin is a key regulator for various aspect of root development, but the detailed molecular mechanisms by which auxin controls crown root development in rice are not understood. We show that overexpression of a YUC gene, which encodes the rate-limiting enzyme in auxin biosynthesis, causes massive proliferation of crown roots. On the other hand, we find that disruption of TAA1, which functions upstream of YUC genes, greatly reduces crown root development. We find that YUC overexpression-induced crown root proliferation requires the presence of the transcription factor WOX11. Moreover, the crown rootless phenotype of taa1 mutants was partially rescued by overexpression of WOX11. Furthermore, we show that WOX11 expression is induced in OsYUC1 overexpression lines, but is repressed in the taa1 mutants. Our results indicate that auxin synthesized by the TAA/YUC pathway is necessary and sufficient for crown root development in rice. Auxin activates WOX11 transcription, which subsequently drives crown root initiation and development, establishing the YUC-Auxin-WOX11 module for crown root development in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruonan Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jialing Xing
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lang Yan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Rongchen Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yunde Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Yunde Zhao, ;
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96
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Tao J, Sun H, Gu P, Liang Z, Chen X, Lou J, Xu G, Zhang Y. A sensitive synthetic reporter for visualizing cytokinin signaling output in rice. PLANT METHODS 2017; 13:89. [PMID: 29090013 PMCID: PMC5658958 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-017-0232-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytokinins play many essential roles in plant growth and development, mainly through signal transduction pathways. Although the cytokinin signaling pathway in rice has been clarified, no synthetic reporter for cytokinin signaling output has been reported for rice. The sensitive synthetic reporter two-component signaling sensor (TCSn) is used in the model plant Arabidopsis; however, whether the reporter reflects the cytokinin signaling output pattern in rice remains unclear. RESULTS Early-cytokinin-responsive type-A OsRR-binding element (A/G)GAT(C/T) was more clustered in the 15 type-A OsRRs than in the 13 control genes. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that the relative expression of seven type-A OsRRs in roots and shoots was significantly induced by exogenous cytokinin application, and that of seven OsRRs, mainly in roots, was inhibited by exogenous auxin application. We constructed a transgenic rice plant harboring a beta-glucuronidase (GUS) driven by the synthetic promoter TCSn. TCSn::GUS was expressed in the meristem of germinated rice seed and rice seedlings. Furthermore, TCSn::GUS expression in rice seedlings was induced specifically by exogenous cytokinin application and decreased by exogenous auxin application. Moreover, no obvious reduction in GUS levels was observed after three generations of selfing of transgenic plants, indicating that TCSn::GUS is not subject to transgene silencing. CONCLUSIONS We report here a robust and sensitive synthetic sensor for monitoring the transcriptional output of the cytokinin signaling network in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyuan Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang1, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Huwei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang1, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Pengyuan Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang1, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Zhihao Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang1, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Xinni Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang1, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Jiajing Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang1, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Guohua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang1, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Yali Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang1, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, 210095 China
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97
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Xu D, Qi X, Li J, Han X, Wang J, Jiang Y, Tian Y, Wang Y. PzTAC and PzLAZY from a narrow-crown poplar contribute to regulation of branch angles. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2017; 118:571-578. [PMID: 28787659 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plant architecture, as a basic element influenced by genetic and environmental factors, has an important effect on grain yield via light transmission in agroforestry systems. The molecular mechanism underlying control of branch angle, an important aspect of tree architecture, is not well understood in poplars. Here, we cloned two genes from Populus × zhaiguanheibaiyang (a narrow-crown poplar), designated PzTAC and PzLAZY, which were predicted to be members of the ITG gene family through sequence homology. Transcript levels of the homologous genes were estimated by reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) in different organs of P. × zhaiguanheibaiyang and P. Deltoides 'Zhonglin2025' (a broad-crown poplar). TAC expression was mainly confined to the leaves and annual shoots, whereas LAZY was mainly expressed in the annual shoots and axillary buds. Beside, we detected the promoter expression patterns derived from the PzTAC and PzLAZY genes using the β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene in transgenic Populus × euramericana 'Neva'. GUS activity driven by the PzTAC and PzLAZY promoters was detected in mature leaves, leaf axils and vascular tissues of roots. The PzTAC promoter was mainly active in leaf veins, whereas the PzLAZY promoter was mainly active in mesophyll cells and root tips. The average branch angle in transgenic 35S::PzTAC plants was larger than that of transgenic 35S::PzLAZY plants. The results provide strong evidence that the two genes affect the vascular tissues of transgenic plants to modify branch angles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Ecology and Environment, College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China.
| | - Xiao Qi
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Ecology and Environment, College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China.
| | - Jihong Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Ecology and Environment, College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China.
| | - Xiaojiao Han
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding of Zhejiang Province, Research Institute of Subtropical of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311400, PR China.
| | - Jinnan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Ecology and Environment, College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China.
| | - Yuezhong Jiang
- Forestry Science Academy of Shandong, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Tree Genetic Improvement, Ji'nan 250014, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Yanting Tian
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Ecology and Environment, College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China.
| | - Yiwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Ecology and Environment, College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China.
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98
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Mignolli F, Mariotti L, Picciarelli P, Vidoz ML. Differential auxin transport and accumulation in the stem base lead to profuse adventitious root primordia formation in the aerial roots (aer) mutant of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 213:55-65. [PMID: 28315795 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2017.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The aerial roots (aer) mutant of tomato is characterized by a profuse and precocious formation of adventitious root primordia along the stem. We demonstrated that auxin is involved in the aer phenotype but ruled out higher auxin sensitivity of mutant plants. Interestingly, polar auxin transport was altered in aer, as young seedlings showed a reduced response to an auxin transport inhibitor and higher expression of auxin export carriers SlPIN1 and SlPIN3. An abrupt reduction in transcripts of auxin efflux and influx genes in older aer hypocotyls caused a marked deceleration of auxin transport in more mature tissues. Indeed, in 20days old aer plants, the transport of labeled IAA was faster in apices than in hypocotyls, displaying an opposite trend in comparison to a wild type. In addition, auxin transport facilitators (SlPIN1, SlPIN4, SlLAX5) were more expressed in aer apices than in hypocotyls, suggesting that auxin moves faster from the upper to the lower part of the stem. Consequently, a significantly higher level of free and conjugated IAA was found at the base of aer stems with respect to their apices. This auxin accumulation is likely the cause of the aer phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Mignolli
- Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (IBONE), UNNE-CONICET, Sargento Cabral 2131, 3400 Corrientes, Argentina.
| | - L Mariotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Agro-ambientali, Università di Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - P Picciarelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Agro-ambientali, Università di Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - M L Vidoz
- Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (IBONE), UNNE-CONICET, Sargento Cabral 2131, 3400 Corrientes, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, UNNE, Sargento Cabral 2131, 3400 Corrientes, Argentina
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99
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He J, Shao G, Wei X, Huang F, Sheng Z, Tang S, Hu P. Fine mapping and candidate gene analysis of qTAC8, a major quantitative trait locus controlling tiller angle in rice (Oryza sativa L.). PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178177. [PMID: 28542427 PMCID: PMC5444791 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice tiller angle is an important agronomic trait that contributes to crop production and plays a vital role in high yield breeding. In this study, a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from the cross of a glabrous tropical japonica rice D50 and an indica rice HB277, was used to investigate quantitative trait loci (QTLs) controlling rice tiller angle. Two major QTLs, qTAC8 and qTAC9, were detected. While qTAC9 mapped with a previously identified gene (TAC1), using a BC2F2 population qTAC8 was mapped to a 16.5 cM region between markers RM7049 and RM23175. Position of qTAC8 was narrowed to a 92 kb DNA region by two genetic segregating populations. Finally, one opening reading frame (ORF) was regarded as a candidate gene according to genomic sequencing and qRT-PCR analysis. In addition, a set of four near isogenic lines (NILs) were created to investigate the genetic relationship between those two QTLs, and one line carrying qTAC8 and qTAC9 presented additive effect of tiller angle, suggesting that these QTLs are involved in different genetic pathways. Our results provide a foundation for the cloning of qTAC8 and genetic improvement of the rice plant architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwai He
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gaoneng Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiangjin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fenglin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
- Hunan Rice Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, China
| | - Zhonghua Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shaoqing Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peisong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
- * E-mail:
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100
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Cheng H, Hao M, Wang W, Mei D, Wells R, Liu J, Wang H, Sang S, Tang M, Zhou R, Chu W, Fu L, Hu Q. Integrative RNA- and miRNA-Profile Analysis Reveals a Likely Role of BR and Auxin Signaling in Branch Angle Regulation of B. napus. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18050887. [PMID: 28481299 PMCID: PMC5454811 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18050887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) is the second largest oilseed crop worldwide and one of the most important oil crops in China. As a component of plant architecture, branch angle plays an important role in yield performance, especially under high-density planting conditions. However, the mechanisms underlying the regulation of branch angle are still largely not understood. Two oilseed rape lines with significantly different branch angles were used to conduct RNA- and miRNA-profiling at two developmental stages, identifying differential expression of a large number of genes involved in auxin- and brassinosteroid (BR)-related pathways. Many auxin response genes, including AUX1, IAA, GH3, and ARF, were enriched in the compact line. However, a number of genes involved in BR signaling transduction and biosynthesis were down-regulated. Differentially expressed miRNAs included those involved in auxin signaling transduction. Expression patterns of most target genes were fine-tuned by related miRNAs, such as miR156, miR172, and miR319. Some miRNAs were found to be differentially expressed at both developmental stages, including three miR827 members. Our results provide insight that auxin- and BR-signaling may play a pivotal role in branch angle regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Cheng
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory for Biological Sciences and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Mengyu Hao
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory for Biological Sciences and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Wenxiang Wang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory for Biological Sciences and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Desheng Mei
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory for Biological Sciences and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Rachel Wells
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK.
| | - Jia Liu
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory for Biological Sciences and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Hui Wang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory for Biological Sciences and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Shifei Sang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory for Biological Sciences and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Min Tang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory for Biological Sciences and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Rijin Zhou
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory for Biological Sciences and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Wen Chu
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory for Biological Sciences and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Li Fu
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory for Biological Sciences and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Qiong Hu
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory for Biological Sciences and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China.
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