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Carrizales-Sepúlveda EF, Vera-Pineda R, Jiménez-Castillo RA, Violante-Cumpa JR, Flores-Ramírez R, Ordaz-Farías A. The Heart in Diabetic Ketoacidosis: A Narrative Review Focusing on the Acute Cardiac Effects and Electrocardiographic Abnormalities. Am J Med Sci 2020; 361:690-701. [PMID: 33941367 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2020.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a serious complication of diabetes mellitus. Hyperglycemia, acidosis, and electrolyte imbalances can directly affect the heart by inducing toxicity, impairing myocardial blood flow, autonomic dysfunction, and altering activation and conduction of electrical impulses throughout the heart, increasing the risk of arrhythmias and ischemia. The electrocardiogram is useful in monitoring patients during and after an episode of DKA, as it allows the detection of arrhythmias and guides metabolic correction. Unfortunately, reports on electrocardiographic abnormalities in patients with DKA are lacking. We found two electrocardiographic patterns that are frequently reported in the literature: a pseudo-myocardial infarction and a Brugada Phenocopy. Both are associated with DKA metabolic anomalies and they resolve after treatment. Because of their clinical relevance and the challenge they represent for clinicians, we analyzed the clinical characteristics of these patients and the mechanisms involved in these electrocardiographic findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raymundo Vera-Pineda
- Cardiology Service, Hospital Universitario, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
| | - Raúl Alberto Jiménez-Castillo
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
| | - Jorge Rafael Violante-Cumpa
- Endocrinology Service, Hospital Universitario, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
| | - Ramiro Flores-Ramírez
- Echocardiography Laboratory, Cardiology Service, Hospital Universitario, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
| | - Alejandro Ordaz-Farías
- Echocardiography Laboratory, Cardiology Service, Hospital Universitario, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
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Panova-Noeva M, Wagner B, Nagler M, Koeck T, Ten Cate V, Prochaska JH, Heitmeier S, Meyer I, Gerdes C, Laux V, Konstantinides S, Spronk HM, Münzel T, Lackner KJ, Leineweber K, Ten Cate H, Wild PS. Comprehensive platelet phenotyping supports the role of platelets in the pathogenesis of acute venous thromboembolism - results from clinical observation studies. EBioMedicine 2020; 60:102978. [PMID: 32920367 PMCID: PMC7494681 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The pathogenesis of arterial and venous thrombosis is in large part interlaced. How much platelet phenotype relates to acute venous thromboembolism (VTE) independent of the underlying cardiovascular profile is presently poorly investigated. Methods Platelet count and mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet aggregation in whole blood and platelet rich plasma (PRP), platelet-dependent thrombin generation (TG) and platelet surface activation markers were measured under standardized conditions. Machine learning was applied to identify the most relevant characteristics associated with VTE from a large array (N = 58) of clinical and platelet-related variables. Findings VTE cases (N = 159) presented with lower platelet count and MPV vs controls (N = 140). Whole blood aggregation showed shorter collagen/Epinephrine closure times in cases, particularly within acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) users. Within ASA users, higher PRP aggregation after adenosine diphosphate (ADP), epinephrine, collagen and arachidonic acid was observed in cases vs controls. Within non-ASA and/or subjects on anticoagulants, cases presented with lower aggregation after ADP and collagen vs controls. Lower platelet-dependent TG, higher CD63 on resting and lower PAC-1 expression after collagen/ADP in-vitro stimulated platelets further characterized VTE cases vs controls, independent of therapy. Lasso regression analysis identified 26 variables associated with VTE of which 69% were platelet-related. Interpretation Comprehensive phenotyping of platelet function identified a large proportion of low responders to ASA in VTE cases. Lower platelet-dependent TG and lower platelet reactivity after ex-vivo stimulation characterized the “platelet exhausted syndrome” in cases. Finally, from a large array of covariates including clinical risk factors, platelet biomarkers comprised 69% of all selected variables differentiating VTE cases vs controls. Funding German Federal Ministry of Education and Research, CTH-Mainz and Bayer AG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Panova-Noeva
- Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Germany; Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site RhineMain, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Bianca Wagner
- Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Germany
| | - Markus Nagler
- Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Koeck
- Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site RhineMain, Mainz, Germany
| | - Vincent Ten Cate
- Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Germany
| | - Jürgen H Prochaska
- Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Germany; Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site RhineMain, Mainz, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Stavros Konstantinides
- Clinical Trials, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Germany
| | - Henri M Spronk
- Laboratory for Clinical Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas Münzel
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site RhineMain, Mainz, Germany; Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Germany
| | - Karl J Lackner
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site RhineMain, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Hugo Ten Cate
- Laboratory for Clinical Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - Philipp S Wild
- Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Germany; Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site RhineMain, Mainz, Germany
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Chawla R, Sahu J, Punyani H, Jaggi S. Evaluation of platelet volume indices as predictive biomarkers of microvascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13410-020-00852-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Crafa A, Condorelli RA, Mongioì LM, Cannarella R, Barbagallo F, Aversa A, Izzo G, Perri A, Calogero AE, La Vignera S. Mean Platelet Volume as a Marker of Vasculogenic Erectile Dysfunction and Future Cardiovascular Risk. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9082513. [PMID: 32759752 PMCID: PMC7463896 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9082513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of mortality in the Western population, so the attempt to find a marker capable of predicting their early onset is not surprising. It is known that arteriogenic erectile dysfunction (ED) precedes the onset of a major coronary event by several years. However, a marker that is able to early identify those patients who should undergo further diagnostic investigations is, to date, missing. Recent research on this topic has focused on the role of the mean platelet volume (MPV), a marker of platelet activity that is high in most vascular diseases, such as coronary artery disease (CAD), stroke, peripheral artery disease (PAD), and ED. The basic pathophysiological mechanism of all these clinical conditions is atherosclerosis. Platelets play a central role in amplifying this process both indirectly by stimulating endothelial cells to produce inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and directly through the expression of membrane receptors and the release of molecules that contribute to the formation of atherosclerotic plaque. The objective of this review is to critically analyze the evidence on the role of MPV in predicting the diagnosis and severity of vasculogenic ED and the possibility of using this simple marker as a first step to start a diagnostic process aimed at assessing the cardiovascular risk in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Crafa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, via S. Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy; (A.C.); (R.A.C.); (L.M.M.); (R.C.); (F.B.); (A.E.C.)
| | - Rosita A. Condorelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, via S. Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy; (A.C.); (R.A.C.); (L.M.M.); (R.C.); (F.B.); (A.E.C.)
| | - Laura M. Mongioì
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, via S. Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy; (A.C.); (R.A.C.); (L.M.M.); (R.C.); (F.B.); (A.E.C.)
| | - Rossella Cannarella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, via S. Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy; (A.C.); (R.A.C.); (L.M.M.); (R.C.); (F.B.); (A.E.C.)
| | - Federica Barbagallo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, via S. Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy; (A.C.); (R.A.C.); (L.M.M.); (R.C.); (F.B.); (A.E.C.)
| | - Antonio Aversa
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (A.A.); (G.I.)
| | - Giulia Izzo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (A.A.); (G.I.)
| | - Anna Perri
- Kidney and Transplantation Research Center, Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Annunziata Hospital, 87100 Cosenza, Italy;
| | - Aldo E. Calogero
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, via S. Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy; (A.C.); (R.A.C.); (L.M.M.); (R.C.); (F.B.); (A.E.C.)
| | - Sandro La Vignera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, via S. Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy; (A.C.); (R.A.C.); (L.M.M.); (R.C.); (F.B.); (A.E.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Fax: +39-95-378-1435
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Barale C, Cavalot F, Frascaroli C, Bonomo K, Morotti A, Guerrasio A, Russo I. Association between High On-Aspirin Platelet Reactivity and Reduced Superoxide Dismutase Activity in Patients Affected by Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus or Primary Hypercholesterolemia. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21144983. [PMID: 32679712 PMCID: PMC7404318 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet hyperactivation is involved in the established prothrombotic condition of metabolic diseases such as Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and familial hypercholesterolemia (HC), justifying the therapy with aspirin, a suppressor of thromboxane synthesis through the irreversible inhibition of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1), to prevent cardiovascular diseases. However, some patients on aspirin show a higher than expected platelet reactivity due, at least in part, to a pro-oxidant milieu. The aim of this study was to investigate platelet reactivity in T2DM (n = 103) or HC (n = 61) patients (aspirin, 100 mg/day) and its correlation with biomarkers of redox function including the superoxide anion scavenger superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the in vivo marker of oxidative stress urinary 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α. As results, in T2DM and HC subjects the prevalence of high on-aspirin platelet reactivity was comparable when both non-COX-1-dependent and COX-1-dependent assays were performed, and platelet reactivity is associated with a lower SOD activity that in a stepwise linear regression appears as the only predictor of platelet reactivity. To conclude, in T2DM and HC, similarly, the impairment of redox equilibrium associated with a decrease of SOD activity could contribute to a suboptimal response to aspirin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Barale
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences of Turin University, 10043 Orbassano, Turin, Italy; (C.B.); (A.M.); (A.G.)
| | - Franco Cavalot
- Metabolic Disease and Diabetes Unit, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, 10043 Orbassano, Turin, Italy; (F.C.); (C.F.); (K.B.)
| | - Chiara Frascaroli
- Metabolic Disease and Diabetes Unit, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, 10043 Orbassano, Turin, Italy; (F.C.); (C.F.); (K.B.)
| | - Katia Bonomo
- Metabolic Disease and Diabetes Unit, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, 10043 Orbassano, Turin, Italy; (F.C.); (C.F.); (K.B.)
| | - Alessandro Morotti
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences of Turin University, 10043 Orbassano, Turin, Italy; (C.B.); (A.M.); (A.G.)
| | - Angelo Guerrasio
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences of Turin University, 10043 Orbassano, Turin, Italy; (C.B.); (A.M.); (A.G.)
| | - Isabella Russo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences of Turin University, 10043 Orbassano, Turin, Italy; (C.B.); (A.M.); (A.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-011-9026622; Fax: +39-011-9038639
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Liu Z, Tian R, Wang Y, Chen Q, Li J, Xu L, Zhang S. Platelet Inhibition with Ticagrelor versus Clopidogrel in Diabetic Patients after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Chronic Coronary Syndromes. Thromb Haemost 2020; 120:1221-1229. [PMID: 32668483 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1713375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clopidogrel is currently the only P2Y12 inhibitor with class I recommendation in patients after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for chronic coronary syndromes (CCS). Diabetic patients have reduced therapeutic response to clopidogrel. PURPOSE This study assessed the antiplatelet effect of ticagrelor versus clopidogrel in diabetic patients after recent PCI for CCS. METHODS Eligible patients were randomly assigned to receive ticagrelor 90 mg twice daily or clopidogrel 75 mg once daily, in addition to aspirin 100 mg once daily for 15 days. P2Y12 reaction unit (PRU) and percent inhibition were measured by VerifyNow P2Y12 assay. High on-treatment platelet reactivity (HOPR) was defined as PRU > 208. Bleeding was assessed by the Platelet Inhibition and Patient Outcomes criteria. Cardiac ischemic events were evaluated as adverse events. RESULTS The baseline characteristics of the patients (n = 39) were well balanced between the two groups. Both before and 2 to 4 hours after the final study dose on day 15, PRU was lower (41.3 ± 35.8 vs. 192.6 ± 49.5, p < 0.001; 36.6 ± 25.8 vs. 187.6 ± 70.9, p < 0.001), percent inhibition was higher (83.0% [70.5%, 96.0%] vs. 16.0% [0%, 25.0%], p < 0.001; 85.0% [76.0%, 96.5%] vs. 25.0% [0%, 39.0%], p < 0.001), and HOPR occurred less frequently (0% [0/20] vs. 26.3% [5/19], p = 0.020; 0% [0/20] vs. 31.6% [6/19], p = 0.008) in the ticagrelor group (n = 20) compared with the clopidogrel group (n = 19). No major or minor bleeding, or serious adverse events occurred in both groups. CONCLUSION Ticagrelor achieved greater peak and trough platelet inhibition than did clopidogrel in diabetic patients after recent PCI for CCS, which suggests the potential use of ticagrelor in this clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Tian
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Medical Research and Biometrics Center, Fu-Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyi Li
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lihong Xu
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shuyang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Hu C, Liu C, Wang Y, Ding T, Sun K, Tian S. The Timing of Symptomatic Pulmonary Embolism in Patients With Nonwarfarin Anticoagulants Following Elective Primary Total Joint Arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty 2020; 35:1703-1707. [PMID: 32046872 DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2020.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study is to investigate the incidence and timing of postoperative, symptomatic pulmonary embolism (PE) in patients receiving nonwarfarin treatment following primary total joint arthroplasty (TJA), to clarify the appropriate duration of postoperative VTE prophylaxis. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 11,148 patients who underwent primary TJA, including total knee arthroplasty and total hip arthroplasty at our institution between January 2012 and March 2019. The median postoperative day of diagnosis of symptomatic PE and the interquartile range for day of diagnosis were determined. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards modeling was used to test the difference of timing for PE based on demographics and comorbidities. RESULTS The overall 90-day rate of symptomatic PE was 0.71%. The median day of diagnosis for symptomatic PE was 3 days postoperatively (interquartile range, 2-7 days). Factors showed statistical significance on multivariate analysis in association with earlier timing of PE occurrence in patients with atrial fibrillation, diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease, and history of stroke. CONCLUSION The vast majority of symptomatic PE occurs in the early postoperative period after TJA, and atrial fibrillation, diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease, and history of stroke were independent factors affecting the timing of symptomatic PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Hu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chuan Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuanhe Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Tao Ding
- Department of Articular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Kang Sun
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shaoqi Tian
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Diabetes and Hyperglycemia Affect Platelet GPIIIa Expression. Effects on Adhesion Potential of Blood Platelets from Diabetic Patients under In Vitro Flow Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093222. [PMID: 32370146 PMCID: PMC7247361 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood platelets play a crucial role in the early stages of atherosclerosis development. The process is believed to require firm adhesion of platelets to atherosclerosis-prone sites of the artery. However, little evidence exists regarding whether the blood platelets of individuals with pathological conditions associated with atherosclerosis have higher potential for adhesion. This process is to a large extent dependent on receptors present on the platelet membrane. Therefore, the aim of the presented study was to determine whether blood platelets from diabetic patients have higher capacity of adhesion under flow conditions and how diabetes affects one of the crucial platelet receptors involved in the process of adhesion-GPIIIa. The study compares the ability of platelets from non-diabetic and diabetic humans to interact with fibrinogen and von Willebrand factor, two proteins found in abundance on an inflamed endothelium, under flow conditions. The activation and reactivity of the blood platelets were also characterized by flow cytometry. Platelets from diabetic patients did not demonstrate enhanced adhesion to either studied protein, although they presented increased basal activation and responsiveness towards low concentrations of agonists. Platelets from diabetic patients were characterized by lower expression of GPIIIa, most likely due to an enhanced formation of platelet-derived microparticles PMPs, as supported by the observation of elevated concentration of this integrin and of GPIIIa-positive PMPs in plasma. We conclude that altered functionality of blood platelets in diabetes does not increase their adhesive potential. Increased glycation and decrease in the amount of GPIIIa on platelets may be partially responsible for this effect. Therefore, higher frequency of interactions of platelets with the endothelium, which is observed in animal models of diabetes, is caused by other factors. A primary cause may be a dysfunctional vascular wall.
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Serruys PW, Takahashi K, Chichareon P, Onuma Y. Twilight, the Dawn of a New Era of Aspirin-Free PCI? J Am Coll Cardiol 2020; 75:2425-2429. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.03.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Mohebbati R, Abbasnezhad A. Effects of Nigella sativa on endothelial dysfunction in diabetes mellitus: A review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 252:112585. [PMID: 31972323 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Endothelial dysfunction is involved in lesion generation by the promotion of both early and late mechanism(s) of atherosclerosis such as adhesion molecules up-regulation, increased chemokine secretion and leukocyte adherence, increased cell permeability, enhanced low-density lipoprotein oxidation, cytokine elaboration, platelet activation and vascular smooth muscle cell migration, and proliferation. Nigella sativa is from the Ranunculaceae family which is used in some countries for various medicinal purposes. Nigella sativa seed has been widely used in traditional medicine for the treatment of diabetes. AIM OF THE REVIEW This review article summarized the therapeutic effects of Nigella sativa on endothelial dysfunction. METHODS Databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Iran Medex were considered. The search terms were " Nigella sativa " or "endothelium" and " Diabetes"," endothelial dysfunction ", " Thymoquinone " and " anti-inflammatory effect ". RESULTS The current review shows that Nigella sativa and Thymoquinone have a protective effect on endothelial dysfunction induced by diabetes. This is done by several mechanisms such as reduction of inflammatory and apoptotic markers, improving hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia and antioxidant function, inhibiting platelet aggregation, and regulating eNOS, VCAM-1 and LOX-1 genes expression that involve in the endothelial dysfunction. Thymoquinone also reduces expression and secretion of some cytokines such as MCP-1, interleukin-1β, TNF-α, NF-κB, and Cox-2 that result in anti-inflammation effect. CONCLUSION Thymoquinone, the main phenolic terpene found in Nigella sativa, has several important properties such as antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activity. Therefore, Nigella sativa can improve endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Mohebbati
- - Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Abbasali Abbasnezhad
- - Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran.
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Zhito AV, Iusupova AO, Kozhevnikova MV, Shchendrygina AA, Privalova EV, Belenkov YN. [E-Selectin as a Marker of Endothelial Dysfunction in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease Including Those with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus]. KARDIOLOGIIA 2020; 60:24-30. [PMID: 32394853 DOI: 10.18087/cardio.2020.4.n1066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Aim To determine concentration of the endothelial dysfunction (ED) marker, serum E-selectine, in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) in combination with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and without DM.Material and methods The study included 60 IHD patients; 31 of them also had type 2 DM. E-selectin was measured in blood of all patients. In addition, a comprehensive evaluation of the morpho-functional condition of large blood vessels and microvasculature (MV) was performed by laser finger plethysmography (LFP) and nailfold computed videocapillaroscopy (CVC).Results Concentration of E-selectin was increased in IHD patients with type 2 DM (35.2 [29.0; 47.35] ng / ml vs. 31.7 [20.85; 36.68] ng / ml for IHD patients; p=0.028). A significant (p=0.018 and 0.016, respectively) decrease in the phase shift was observed in IHD patients with type 2 DM ( - 4.4 [ - 8.7; - 2.45] ms) compared to IHD patients ( - 1.9 [ - 3.95; - 0.38] ms). The capillary density evaluated in the venous occlusion test was reduced in IHD patients with type 2 DM (67.70 [57.83; 80.69]) compared to IHD patients (80.80 [69.05; 99.08]).Conclusion The signs of ED observed in patients of both groups were more pronounced in IHD patients with type 2 DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Zhito
- I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University
| | - A O Iusupova
- I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University
| | | | | | - E V Privalova
- I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University
| | - Yu N Belenkov
- I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University
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Arnold SV, Bhatt DL, Barsness GW, Beatty AL, Deedwania PC, Inzucchi SE, Kosiborod M, Leiter LA, Lipska KJ, Newman JD, Welty FK. Clinical Management of Stable Coronary Artery Disease in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2020; 141:e779-e806. [PMID: 32279539 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000000766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Although cardiologists have long treated patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and concomitant type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), T2DM has traditionally been considered just a comorbidity that affected the development and progression of the disease. Over the past decade, a number of factors have shifted that have forced the cardiology community to reconsider the role of T2DM in CAD. First, in addition to being associated with increased cardiovascular risk, T2DM has the potential to affect a number of treatment choices for CAD. In this document, we discuss the role that T2DM has in the selection of testing for CAD, in medical management (both secondary prevention strategies and treatment of stable angina), and in the selection of revascularization strategy. Second, although glycemic control has been recommended as a part of comprehensive risk factor management in patients with CAD, there is mounting evidence that the mechanism by which glucose is managed can have a substantial impact on cardiovascular outcomes. In this document, we discuss the role of glycemic management (both in intensity of control and choice of medications) in cardiovascular outcomes. It is becoming clear that the cardiologist needs both to consider T2DM in cardiovascular treatment decisions and potentially to help guide the selection of glucose-lowering medications. Our statement provides a comprehensive summary of effective, patient-centered management of CAD in patients with T2DM, with emphasis on the emerging evidence. Given the increasing prevalence of T2DM and the accumulating evidence of the need to consider T2DM in treatment decisions, this knowledge will become ever more important to optimize our patients' cardiovascular outcomes.
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Fukuda T, Hamaguchi M, Osaka T, Hashimoto Y, Ushigome E, Asano M, Yamazaki M, Fukuda E, Yamaguchi K, Ogawa K, Goshima N, Fukui M. A Pilot Study on the Effect of Anti-Thrombopoietin Antibody on Platelet Count in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25071667. [PMID: 32260359 PMCID: PMC7181124 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Thrombopoietin (THPO) is a circulatory cytokine that plays an important role in platelet production. The presence of anti-THPO antibody relates to thrombocytopenia and is rarely seen in hematopoietic and autoimmune diseases. To date, there had been no reports that focused on the anti-THPO antibody in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). To evaluate prevalence of the anti-THPO antibody in patients with T2DM and the relationship between anti-THPO antibody and platelet count, a cross-sectional study was performed on 82 patients with T2DM. The anti-THPO antibody was measured by ELISA using preserved sera and detected in 13 patients. The average platelet count was significantly lower in patients with the anti-THPO antibody than in those without the anti-THPO antibody. Multivariate linear regression analyses showed a significant relationship between the anti-THPO antibody and platelet count, after adjusting for other variables. To our best knowledge, this was the first report on the effect of the anti-THPO antibody on platelet count in patients with T2DM. Further investigation is needed to validate the prevalence and pathological significance of the anti-THPO antibody in patients with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Fukuda
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (T.F.); (T.O.); (Y.H.); (E.U.); (M.A.); (M.Y.); (M.F.)
| | - Masahide Hamaguchi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (T.F.); (T.O.); (Y.H.); (E.U.); (M.A.); (M.Y.); (M.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-75-251-5505
| | - Takafumi Osaka
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (T.F.); (T.O.); (Y.H.); (E.U.); (M.A.); (M.Y.); (M.F.)
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Ayabe City Hospital, Ayabe 623-0011, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Hashimoto
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (T.F.); (T.O.); (Y.H.); (E.U.); (M.A.); (M.Y.); (M.F.)
| | - Emi Ushigome
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (T.F.); (T.O.); (Y.H.); (E.U.); (M.A.); (M.Y.); (M.F.)
| | - Mai Asano
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (T.F.); (T.O.); (Y.H.); (E.U.); (M.A.); (M.Y.); (M.F.)
| | - Masahiro Yamazaki
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (T.F.); (T.O.); (Y.H.); (E.U.); (M.A.); (M.Y.); (M.F.)
| | - Eriko Fukuda
- Molecular Profiling Research Center for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo 135-0064, Japan; (E.F.); (K.Y.); (N.G.)
- ProteoBridge Corporation, Tokyo 135-0064, Japan;
| | - Kei Yamaguchi
- Molecular Profiling Research Center for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo 135-0064, Japan; (E.F.); (K.Y.); (N.G.)
- ProteoBridge Corporation, Tokyo 135-0064, Japan;
| | - Koji Ogawa
- ProteoBridge Corporation, Tokyo 135-0064, Japan;
| | - Naoki Goshima
- Molecular Profiling Research Center for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo 135-0064, Japan; (E.F.); (K.Y.); (N.G.)
- ProteoBridge Corporation, Tokyo 135-0064, Japan;
| | - Michiaki Fukui
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (T.F.); (T.O.); (Y.H.); (E.U.); (M.A.); (M.Y.); (M.F.)
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Buch A, Kaur S, Nair R, Jain A. Platelet volume indices as predictive biomarkers for diabetic complications in Type 2 diabetic patients. J Lab Physicians 2020; 9:84-88. [PMID: 28367021 PMCID: PMC5320886 DOI: 10.4103/0974-2727.199625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Platelet volume indices (PVI) such as mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), and platelet-large cell ratio (P-LCR) are the indicators of increased platelet activity and can be considered as potential biomarkers for diabetic complications. PURPOSE: To study PVI in Type 2 diabetics with and without complications in comparison to nondiabetic patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A case–control study was conducted on 300 Type 2 diabetics and 200 nondiabetics. Detailed clinical history regarding duration, hypertension, and complications was taken. PVI was obtained using automated cell counter. Fasting blood glucose, hemoglobin A1c, lipid profile, creatinine were also obtained. Diabetics were further categorized into patients with complications and without complications. Statistical analysis was performed by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences Version 17 (Chicago, IL) Student's t-test and ANOVA test. RESULTS: Platelet count was significantly decreased in diabetics (P = 0.005). MPV was significantly increased in diabetic patients with complications as compared to diabetics without complications and nondiabetic group (P < 0.0001). PDW showed statistically significant difference between diabetics with and without complications and nondiabetics (P < 0.0001). However, no statistically significant difference was observed in platelet-large cell ratio (P-LCR) among all the three study groups. We found statistically significant correlation of MPV with diabetic retinopathy (P = 0.000), nephropathy (P = 0.005), and diabetic foot (P = 0.048). PDW was significantly increased in diabetic retinopathy (P = 0.035) and nephropathy (P = 0.007). P-LCR had no statistically significant correlation with diabetic complications. CONCLUSION: MPV and PDW are predictive biomarkers of diabetic vascular complications. They are more significant in microvascular complications than macrovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Buch
- Department of Pathology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Supreet Kaur
- Department of Pathology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rahul Nair
- Department of Pathology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ambuj Jain
- Department of Pathology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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Shahid M, Zarif HMA, Farid MS, Abid MS, Akhtar B, Khan MR. Prognostic Value of Hyperglycemia on Admission on In-hospital Outcomes in Patients Presenting with ST-elevation Myocardial Infarction. Cureus 2020; 12:e7024. [PMID: 32211260 PMCID: PMC7081956 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.7024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with acute coronary syndrome, and elevated blood glucose levels on hospital admission may influence outcomes in patients with ST-elevated myocardial infarction (STEMI). We conducted this study to determine the prognostic outcome of hyperglycemia at admission on in-hospital outcomes of STEMI patients with and without T2DM. Methods This prospective study was conducted from June 13, 2018, to October 12, 2019, and included patients older than 18 years diagnosed with STEMI. For our purposes, hyperglycemia was defined as blood glucose levels >140 mg/dl. Hypertension was considered as systolic blood pressure >140 mmHg or diastolic pressure > 90 mmHg. The predictive value of glycemia on admission for outcomes was assessed via patient mortality following thrombolysis or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Results Our study included 256 patients (196 men, 76.5%; 60 women, 23.5%) with a mean age of 55 ± 11 years. A total of 92 patients (35.9%) were admitted with known T2DM diagnoses: 72 of them had hyperglycemia and 20 patients had euglycemia (p = 0.0001). Post-PCI mortality was six (18.8%) in the hyperglycemic group and one (2.2%) in the euglycemic group (p = 0.03). In-hospital mortality was higher in the hyperglycemic group (n = 12, 12.5%) compared to the euglycemic group (n = 6, 3.7%; p = 0.015). Significant risk factors of mortality for STEMI patients with hyperglycemia on admission were age 60 years or older (odds ratio [OR], 5.63 [1.54-20.58]; p = 0.007), heart failure on admission (OR, 6.84 [1.85-25.22)]; p = 0.003), T2DM (OR, 4.14 [0.50-33.96]; p = 0.05), and presenting with renal failure (OR, 6.78 [1.74-26.42]; p = 0.009). Conclusion Thrombolysis and PCI are effective and safe treatments in STEMI patients. Hyperglycemia has a great adverse impact on hospital outcomes in patients with or without T2DM. STEMI patients with hyperglycemia on hospital admission have higher mortality rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shahid
- Cardiology, Ch. Pervaiz Elahi Institute of Cardiology, Multan, PAK
| | | | | | | | - Burhan Akhtar
- Cardiology, Ch. Pervaiz Elahi Institute of Cardiology, Multan, PAK
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Elevated HbA1c is not associated with recurrent venous thromboembolism in the elderly, but with all-cause mortality- the SWEETCO 65+ study. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2495. [PMID: 32051462 PMCID: PMC7016100 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59173-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The association of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) with venous thromboembolism (VTE) and death in the elderly is unknown. In the SWEETCO 65+ study we analyzed prospectively a Swiss Cohort of Elderly Patients with Venous Thromboembolism (SWITCO 65+). 888 patients were enrolled for the SWEETCO 65+ analysis. HbA1c was determined at baseline and divided into three categories (HbA1c < 5.7%, normal range; 5.7–6.49%, pre-diabetic range; and >6.5%, diabetic range). Median follow-up was 2.5 years. The primary endpoint was recurrent VTE. Secondary endpoints included all-cause mortality and major bleeds. The total prevalence of diabetes was 22.1%. The risk of recurrent VTE was similar in patients with HbA1c with pre-diabetes (adjusted subhazard ratio (aSHR) 1.07 [0.70 to 1.63]) and diabetes (aSHR 0.73 [0.39 to 1.37]) as compared to those with a HbA1c in the normal range. However, a HbA1c ≥ 6.5% (median IQ range 7.0 [6.70;7.60]) was significantly associated with a higher risk of all-cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.83 [1.21 to 2.75]). In summary we found no association between HbA1c and major bleeding. Elevated HbA1c levels are not associated with recurrent VTE but with increased all-cause mortality in an elderly population with acute VTE.
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Chichareon P, Modolo R, Kogame N, Takahashi K, Chang CC, Tomaniak M, Botelho R, Eeckhout E, Hofma S, Trendafilova-Lazarova D, Kőszegi Z, Iñiguez A, Wykrzykowska JJ, Piek JJ, Garg S, Hamm C, Steg PG, Jüni P, Vranckx P, Valgimigli M, Windecker S, Onuma Y, Serruys PW. Association of diabetes with outcomes in patients undergoing contemporary percutaneous coronary intervention: Pre-specified subgroup analysis from the randomized GLOBAL LEADERS study. Atherosclerosis 2020; 295:45-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Barale C, Russo I. Influence of Cardiometabolic Risk Factors on Platelet Function. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020623. [PMID: 31963572 PMCID: PMC7014042 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets are key players in the thrombotic processes. The alterations of platelet function due to the occurrence of metabolic disorders contribute to an increased trend to thrombus formation and arterial occlusion, thus playing a major role in the increased risk of atherothrombotic events in patients with cardiometabolic risk factors. Several lines of evidence strongly correlate metabolic disorders such as obesity, a classical condition of insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and impaired glucose homeostasis with cardiovascular diseases. The presence of these clinical features together with hypertension and disturbed microhemorrheology are responsible for the prothrombotic tendency due, at least partially, to platelet hyperaggregability and hyperactivation. A number of clinical platelet markers are elevated in obese and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients, including the mean platelet volume, circulating levels of platelet microparticles, oxidation products, platelet-derived soluble P-selectin and CD40L, thus contributing to an intersection between obesity, inflammation, and thrombosis. In subjects with insulin resistance and T2DM some defects depend on a reduced sensitivity to mediators—such as nitric oxide and prostacyclin—playing a physiological role in the control of platelet aggregability. Furthermore, other alterations occur only in relation to hyperglycemia. In this review, the main cardiometabolic risk factors, all components of metabolic syndrome involved in the prothrombotic tendency, will be taken into account considering some of the mechanisms involved in the alterations of platelet function resulting in platelet hyperactivation.
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Inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex activity by 3-bromopyruvate affects blood platelets responses in type 2 diabetes. Pharmacol Rep 2020; 72:225-237. [PMID: 32016856 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-019-00005-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperactivation of blood platelets is an essential factor in the pathomechanism of diabetes-evoked angiopathies. The aim of this work was to investigate whether blood platelets hyperactivation resulting from type 2 diabetic hyperglycaemia-increased pyruvate dehydrogenase complex activity and excessive acetyl-CoA accumulation may be brought to the normal range by the enzyme inhibitors. METHODS Platelets were isolated from the blood of 9 type 2 diabetic patients and 10 healthy donors. Effects of 3-bromopyruvate and 3-nitropropionate on pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHC) and succinate dehydrogenase activities, as well as levels of acetyl-CoA, ATP, thiobarbituric acid reactive species and aggregation were assessed in non-activated and thrombin-activated platelets. RESULTS In type 2 diabetic patients fasting plasma glucose and fructosamine levels were 61 and 64% higher, respectively, than in the healthy group (p < 0.001). In non-activated diabetic platelets PDHC activity, PDHC-E2, acetyl-CoA and ATP levels were 66, 70, 68 and 60%, higher, respectively, than in platelets from healthy controls (p < 0.01). 3-bromopyruvate (0.1 mM) decreased pyruvate dehydrogenase activity in healthy and diabetic platelets by 42% and 59%, respectively. Similar inhibitory effects were observed for acetyl-CoA and ATP levels, aggregation and TBARS accumulation rates. Succinate dehydrogenase activity was inhibited by 3-nitropropionate (10 mM) to 38 and 41% of control values in healthy and diabetic platelets, respectively, but affected neither function nor acetyl-CoA metabolism in platelets of both groups. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase excessive activity in diabetic platelets by 3-bromopyruvate may normalise their functional parameters through adjustment of acetyl-CoA/ATP levels to control values. Platelets from blood of diabetic patients display higher activities of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHC), higher levels of dihydrolipoate transacetylase (DLAT, E2 subunit of PDHC) as well as higher levels of acetyl-CoA yielding greater ATP/ADP accumulation than in platelets of normoglycemic subjects. Therefore, in diabetic platelets, thrombin caused higher release of ATP/ADP triggering excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and stronger aggregation compared to control platelets. In diabetic platelets, relative excess of DLAT in PDHC made them highly susceptible to 3-bromopyruvate (3BrP) inhibition. Resulting limitation of acetyl-CoA provision by 3-BrP normalised activity of diabetic platelets.
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70
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Sternkopf M, Nagy M, Baaten CCFMJ, Kuijpers MJE, Tullemans BME, Wirth J, Theelen W, Mastenbroek TG, Lehrke M, Winnerling B, Baerts L, Marx N, De Meester I, Döring Y, Cosemans JMEM, Daiber A, Steven S, Jankowski J, Heemskerk JWM, Noels H. Native, Intact Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Is a Natural Suppressor of Thrombus Growth Under Physiological Flow Conditions. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:e65-e77. [PMID: 31893947 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.313645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In patients with diabetes mellitus, increased platelet reactivity predicts cardiac events. Limited evidence suggests that DPP-4 (dipeptidyl peptidase 4) influences platelets via GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide 1)-dependent effects. Because DPP-4 inhibitors are frequently used in diabetes mellitus to improve the GLP-1-regulated glucose metabolism, we characterized the role of DPP-4 inhibition and of native intact versus DPP-4-cleaved GLP-1 on flow-dependent thrombus formation in mouse and human blood. Approach and Results: An ex vivo whole blood microfluidics model was applied to approach in vivo thrombosis and study collagen-dependent platelet adhesion, activation, and thrombus formation under shear-flow conditions by multiparameter analyses. In mice, in vivo inhibition or genetic deficiency of DPP-4 (Dpp4-/-), but not of GLP-1-receptors (Glp1r-/-), suppressed flow-dependent platelet aggregation. In human blood, GLP-1(7-36), but not DPP-4-cleaved GLP-1(9-36), reduced thrombus volume by 32% and impaired whole blood thrombus formation at both low/venous and high/arterial wall-shear rates. These effects were enforced upon ADP costimulation and occurred independently of plasma factors and leukocytes. Human platelets did not contain detectable levels of GLP-1-receptor transcripts. Also, GLP-1(7-36) did not inhibit collagen-induced aggregation under conditions of stirring or stasis of platelets, pointing to a marked flow-dependent role. CONCLUSIONS Native, intact GLP-1 is a natural suppressor of thrombus growth under physiological flow conditions, with DPP-4 inhibition and increased intact GLP-1 suppressing platelet aggregation under flow without a main relevance of GLP-1-receptor on platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marieke Sternkopf
- From the Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR) (M.S., C.C.F.M.J.B., J.W., W.T., B.W., J.J., H.N.), University Clinic Aachen, Germany
| | - Magdolna Nagy
- Department of Biochemistry (M.N., M.J.E.K., B.M.E.T., T.G.M., J.M.E.M.C., J.W.M.H.), Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, The Netherlands
| | - Constance C F M J Baaten
- From the Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR) (M.S., C.C.F.M.J.B., J.W., W.T., B.W., J.J., H.N.), University Clinic Aachen, Germany
| | - Marijke J E Kuijpers
- Department of Biochemistry (M.N., M.J.E.K., B.M.E.T., T.G.M., J.M.E.M.C., J.W.M.H.), Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, The Netherlands
| | - Bibian M E Tullemans
- Department of Biochemistry (M.N., M.J.E.K., B.M.E.T., T.G.M., J.M.E.M.C., J.W.M.H.), Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, The Netherlands
| | - Julia Wirth
- From the Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR) (M.S., C.C.F.M.J.B., J.W., W.T., B.W., J.J., H.N.), University Clinic Aachen, Germany
| | - Wendy Theelen
- From the Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR) (M.S., C.C.F.M.J.B., J.W., W.T., B.W., J.J., H.N.), University Clinic Aachen, Germany
| | - Tom G Mastenbroek
- Department of Biochemistry (M.N., M.J.E.K., B.M.E.T., T.G.M., J.M.E.M.C., J.W.M.H.), Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Lehrke
- Medical Clinic I (M.L., N.M.), University Clinic Aachen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Winnerling
- From the Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR) (M.S., C.C.F.M.J.B., J.W., W.T., B.W., J.J., H.N.), University Clinic Aachen, Germany
| | - Lesley Baerts
- Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Belgium (L.B., I.D.M.)
| | - Nikolaus Marx
- Medical Clinic I (M.L., N.M.), University Clinic Aachen, Germany
| | - Ingrid De Meester
- Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Belgium (L.B., I.D.M.)
| | - Yvonne Döring
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany (Y.D.).,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (Y.D.).,Division of Angiology, Swiss Cardiovascular Centre, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland (Y.D.)
| | - Judith M E M Cosemans
- Department of Biochemistry (M.N., M.J.E.K., B.M.E.T., T.G.M., J.M.E.M.C., J.W.M.H.), Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Daiber
- Center for Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany (A.D., S.S.)
| | - Sebastian Steven
- Center for Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany (A.D., S.S.)
| | - Joachim Jankowski
- From the Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR) (M.S., C.C.F.M.J.B., J.W., W.T., B.W., J.J., H.N.), University Clinic Aachen, Germany.,Experimental Vascular Pathology (J.J.), Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, The Netherlands
| | - Johan W M Heemskerk
- Department of Biochemistry (M.N., M.J.E.K., B.M.E.T., T.G.M., J.M.E.M.C., J.W.M.H.), Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, The Netherlands
| | - Heidi Noels
- From the Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR) (M.S., C.C.F.M.J.B., J.W., W.T., B.W., J.J., H.N.), University Clinic Aachen, Germany
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Zhou T, Huang L, Wang M, Chen D, Chen Z, Jiang SW. A Critical Review of Proteomic Studies in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. J Diabetes Res 2020; 2020:6450352. [PMID: 32724825 PMCID: PMC7381988 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6450352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus is a progressive and complex pregnancy complication, which threatens both maternal and fetal health. It is urgent to screen for specific biomarkers for early diagnosis and precise treatment, as well as to identify key moleculars to better understand the pathogenic mechanisms. In the present review, we comprehensively summarized recent studies of gestational diabetes using mass spectrometry-based proteomic technologies. Focused on the entire experimental design and proteomic results, we showed that these studies have covered a broad range of research contents in terms of sampling time, sample types, and outcome associations. Although most of the studies only stayed in the stage of initial discovery, several proteins were further verified to be efficient for disease diagnosis. Functional analysis of all the combined significant proteins also showed that a small number of proteins are known to be involved in the regulation of insulin or indirect signaling pathways. However, many factors such as diagnostic criteria, sample processing, proteomic method, and statistical method can greatly affect the identification of reproducible and reliable protein candidates. Thus, we further provided constructive suggestions and recommendations for carrying out proteomic or follow-up studies of gestational diabetes or other pregnancy complications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhou
- Research Institute for Reproductive Medicine and Genetic Diseases, The Affiliated Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, China
| | - Lu Huang
- Department of Obstetrics, The Affiliated Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, China
| | - Min Wang
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, China
| | - Daozhen Chen
- Research Institute for Reproductive Medicine and Genetic Diseases, The Affiliated Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Department of Obstetrics, The Affiliated Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, China
| | - Shi-Wen Jiang
- Research Institute for Reproductive Medicine and Genetic Diseases, The Affiliated Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, China
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, China
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72
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Dong C, Gu X, Chen F, Long Y, Zhu D, Yang X, Qiu X, Gao G, Qi W. The variation degree of coagulation function is not responsible for extra risk of hemorrhage in gestational diabetes mellitus. J Clin Lab Anal 2019; 34:e23129. [PMID: 31774215 PMCID: PMC7171326 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is characterized as glucose intolerance of any degree that begins or first diagnosed during pregnancy. It possesses a higher risk of haemorrhage, which may be caused by the coagulation dysfunction. However, there has been no study focus on how coagulation state changes in the progress of GDM pregnancy. Our study is aimed to assess the association of coagulation function and haemorrhage in GDM. METHODS A total of 662 subjects (273 from a population-based study and 389 from a prospective cohort study) were selected to measure mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), platelet (PLT), thrombocytocrit (PCT), prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT), and fibrinogen (FIB). All pregnant individuals were divided into normal glucose tolerance (NGT) controls and GDM patients diagnosed between the 24th and 28th weeks of gestation. RESULTS Compared with NGT controls, GDM females showed shortened PT, shortened APTT, and increased blood FIB levels, while the platelet parameters MPV, PDW, PLT, and PCT remained unchanged in mid-pregnancy. By late pregnancy, the platelet parameters MPV, PDW, and PCT were increased in the GDM group compared with the NGT group, while PT and APTT were unchanged. CONCLUSIONS The GDM group was hypercoagulable compared with the NGT group rather than hypocoagulable as predicted, but still within the normal range. Therefore, our findings demonstrate that the variation degree of coagulation function is not responsible for extra risk of hemorrhage in GDM, and prevention of hemorrhage should focus on other causes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Dong
- Program of Molecular Medicine, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqiong Gu
- Program of Molecular Medicine, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fei Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanlan Long
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xia Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Gene Manipulation and Biomacromolecular Products (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiu Qiu
- Division of Birth Cohort Study, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guoquan Gao
- Program of Molecular Medicine, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - WeiWei Qi
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Gene Manipulation and Biomacromolecular Products (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou, China
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73
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El Haouari M. Platelet Oxidative Stress and its Relationship with Cardiovascular Diseases in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:4145-4165. [PMID: 28982316 DOI: 10.2174/0929867324666171005114456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Enhanced platelet activation and thrombosis are linked to various cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Among other mechanisms, oxidative stress seems to play a pivotal role in platelet hyperactivity. Indeed, upon stimulation by physiological agonists, human platelets generate and release several types of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as O2 -, H2O2 or OH-, further amplifying the platelet activation response via various signalling pathways, including, formation of isoprostanes, Ca2+ mobilization and NO inactivation. Furthermore, excessive platelet ROS generation, incorporation of free radicals from environment and/or depletion of antioxidants induce pro-oxidant, pro-inflammatory and platelet hyperaggregability effects, leading to the incidence of cardiovascular events. Here, we review the current knowledge regarding the effect of oxidative stress on platelet signaling pathways and its implication in CVD such as type 2 diabetes mellitus. We also summarize the role of natural antioxidants included in vegetables, fruits and medicinal herbs in reducing platelet function via an oxidative stress-mediated mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed El Haouari
- Centre Regional des Metiers de l'Education et de la Formation de Taza (CRMEF - Taza), B.P: 1178 - Taza Gare, Morocco
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74
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Winzap P, Davies A, Klingenberg R, Obeid S, Roffi M, Mach F, Räber L, Windecker S, Templin C, Nietlispach F, Nanchen D, Gencer B, Muller O, Matter CM, von Eckardstein A, Lüscher TF. Diabetes and baseline glucose are associated with inflammation, left ventricular function and short- and long-term outcome in acute coronary syndromes: role of the novel biomarker Cyr 61. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2019; 18:142. [PMID: 31672144 PMCID: PMC6824030 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-019-0946-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hyperglycemia in the setting of an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) impacts short term outcomes, but little is known about longer term effects. We therefore designed this study to firstly determine the association between hyperglycemia and short term and longer term outcomes in patients presenting with ACS and secondly evaluate the prognostic role of diabetes, body mass index (BMI) and the novel biomarker Cyr61 on outcomes. Methods The prospective Special Program University Medicine-Acute Coronary Syndrome (SPUM-ACS) cohort enrolled 2168 patients with ACS between December 2009 and October 2012, of which 2034 underwent PCI (93.8%). Patients were followed up for 12 months. Events were independently adjudicated by three experienced cardiologists. Participants were recruited from four tertiary hospitals in Switzerland: Zurich, Geneva, Lausanne and Bern. Participants presenting with acute coronary syndromes and who underwent coronary angiography were included in the analysis. Patients were grouped according to history of diabetes (or HbA1c greater than 6%), baseline blood sugar level (BSL; < 6, 6–11.1 and > 11.1 mmol/L) and body mass index (BMI). The primary outcome was major adverse cardiac events (MACE) which was a composite of myocardial infarction, stroke and all-cause death. Secondary outcomes included the individual components of the primary endpoint, revascularisations, bleeding events (BARC classification) and cerebrovascular events (ischaemic or haemorrhagic stroke or TIA). Results Patients with hyperglycemia, i.e. BSL ≥ 11.1 mmol/L, had higher levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), white blood cell count (WBC), creatinine kinase (CK), higher heart rates and lower left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and increased N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide. At 30 days and 12 months, those with BSL ≥ 11.1 mmol/L had more MACE and death compared to those with BSL < 6.0 mmol/L or 6.0–11.1 mmol/L (HR-ratio 4.78 and 6.6; p < 0.001). The novel biomarker Cyr61 strongly associated with high BSL and STEMI and was independently associated with 1 year outcomes (HR 2.22; 95% CI 1.33–3.72; Tertile 3 vs. Tertile 1). Conclusions and relevance In this large, prospective, independently adjudicated cohort of in all comers ACS patients undergoing PCI, both a history of diabetes and elevated entry glucose was associated with inflammation and increased risk of MACE both at short and long-term. The mediators might involve increased sympathetic activation, inflammation and ischemia as reflected by elevated Cyr61 levels leading to larger levels of troponin and lower LVEF. Trial registration Clinical Trial Registration Number: NCT01000701. Registered October 23, 2009
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Affiliation(s)
- Patric Winzap
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Allan Davies
- Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals and Imperial College, Sydney Street, London, SW3 6NP, UK
| | - Roland Klingenberg
- Department of Cardiology, Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Center, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Slayman Obeid
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marco Roffi
- Department of Cardiology, Hopital Universitaire de Geneve, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - François Mach
- Department of Cardiology, Hopital Universitaire de Geneve, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Lorenz Räber
- Department of Cardiology, Swiss Heart Centre, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Windecker
- Department of Cardiology, Swiss Heart Centre, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christian Templin
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fabian Nietlispach
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - David Nanchen
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Baris Gencer
- Department of Cardiology, Hopital Universitaire de Geneve, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Muller
- Service of Cardiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christian M Matter
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Thomas F Lüscher
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. .,Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals and Imperial College, Sydney Street, London, SW3 6NP, UK.
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75
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Kim HJ, Oh JS, Park SQ, Yoon SM, Ahn HS, Kim BT. The Efficacy of P2Y12 Reactive Unit to Predict the Periprocedural Thromboembolic and Hemorrhagic Complications According to Clopidogrel Responsiveness and Safety of Modification of Dual Antiplatelet Therapy : A Meta-Analysis. J Korean Neurosurg Soc 2019; 63:539-549. [PMID: 31661948 PMCID: PMC7477146 DOI: 10.3340/jkns.2019.0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of P2Y12 reaction unit (PRU) of VerifyNow still remains as a controversial issue in neurointervention. So we investigated the usefulness of PRU of VerifyNow to predict the peri-procedural thromboembolic events (TE) and hemorrhagic events (HE). And we evaluated the safety of modified dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) or triple antiplatelet therapy (TAPT) for clopidogrel hyporesponders. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science and Scopus on August 19 2018. Data was collected the 1) incidence of TE between clopidogrel responder and clopidogrel hypo-responder, 2) incidence of HE between clopidogrel hyper-responder and clopidogrel responder and hypo-responder, and 3) incidence of TE and HE between modified DAPT or TAPT and standard DAPT in clopidogrel hypo-responder. High cut-off value of PRU was defined as PRU >40% or <220. Fifteen studies were enrolled. Clopidogrel responder showed lower incidence of TE than hypo-responder (risk ratio [RR], 0.32; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.17-0.61; p<0.001). With the high cut-off value of PRU, clopidogrel responder showed more lower incidence of TE than hypo-responder (RR, 0.11; 95% CI, 0.02-0.45; p=0.002). The incidence of periprocedural HE have higher on clopidogrel hyper-responder than clopidogrel responder and hypo-responder (RR, 4.26; 95% CI, 1.10-16.44; p=0.04; I2=66%). The incidence of periprocedural TE after changing regimen of DAPT for clopidogrel hypo-responder have a tendency to reduce, but there was no significant difference between modified DAPT or TAPT group and standard DAPT group (p>0.05). The incidence of periprocedural HE after changing regimen of DAPT for clopidogrel hypo-responder was no significant difference between modified DAPT or TAPT group and standard DAPT group (p>0.05). PRU is a useful tool as a predictor of peri-procedural TE or HE on neurointervention. PRU has a threshold effect of cut-off value to predict the peri-procedural TE. Modified DAPT or TAPT to prevent TE in clopidogrel hypo-responders could not reduce the incidence of TE. We should investigate the further research about modification of regiment on neurointervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jung Kim
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Sang Oh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Sukh Que Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Soonchunhyang University Seoul, Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seok Mann Yoon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Hyeong Sik Ahn
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bum Tae Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon, Korea
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Al-Sofiani ME, Derenbecker R, Quartuccio M, Kalyani RR. Aspirin for Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Diabetes: a Review of the Evidence. Curr Diab Rep 2019; 19:107. [PMID: 31544224 DOI: 10.1007/s11892-019-1206-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW People with diabetes are at a higher risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) compared with those without diabetes. Though aspirin has been shown to have an overall net clinical benefit when used for secondary prevention of ASCVD in people with and without diabetes, the evidence for primary prevention, especially in those with diabetes, remains inconsistent. In this article, we review the latest studies examining the risks and benefits of aspirin use for primary prevention of ASCVD in adults with diabetes, discuss key aspects in assessing the risk-benefit ratio of aspirin use for primary prevention of ASCVD, and summarize current guidelines from professional societies on aspirin use for primary prevention in adults with diabetes. RECENT FINDINGS In the general population, past studies have shown no difference in the beneficial effect of aspirin for primary cardiovascular disease prevention by diabetes status. However, several randomized controlled studies and meta-analyses in adults with diabetes have shown lack of net clinical benefit of aspirin use for primary prevention of ASCVD. The recent ASCEND trial documented cardiovascular benefit of aspirin for primary prevention in adults with diabetes but suggested that the increased risk of bleeding may outweigh the cardiovascular benefit. The decision to initiate aspirin for primary prevention of ASCVD must be considered carefully on an individual basis to balance the cardiovascular benefit and bleeding risk in all patients, especially those with diabetes. A multifactorial approach that focuses on managing ASCVD risk factors such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, dysglycemia, and smoking is recommended in all patients. More research is needed to identify subgroups of people with diabetes who are more likely to benefit from aspirin use for primary prevention of ASCVD and develop better antithrombotic strategies that shift the risk-benefit balance toward an overall net clinical benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed E Al-Sofiani
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, The Johns Hopkins University, 1830 East Monument Street, Suite 333, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
- Endocrinology Division, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Robert Derenbecker
- General Internal Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael Quartuccio
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, The Johns Hopkins University, 1830 East Monument Street, Suite 333, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Rita R Kalyani
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, The Johns Hopkins University, 1830 East Monument Street, Suite 333, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
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77
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Gkaliagkousi E, Nikolaidou B, Gavriilaki E, Lazaridis A, Yiannaki E, Anyfanti P, Zografou I, Markala D, Douma S. Increased erythrocyte- and platelet-derived microvesicles in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2019; 16:458-465. [PMID: 31046456 DOI: 10.1177/1479164119844691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the thrombotic microenvironment in early stages of type 2 diabetes mellitus measuring platelet-derived, endothelial-derived and erythrocyte-derived microvesicles. METHODS We recruited 50 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus patients who did not receive glucose-lowering treatment except for metformin and 25 matched non-type 2 diabetes mellitus volunteers. Microvesicles were measured with flow cytometry, glycated haemoglobin with high-performance liquid chromatography and advanced glycation end products with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients showed significantly higher levels of platelet-derived microvesicles [195/μL (115-409) vs 110/μL (73-150), p = 0.001] and erythrocyte-derived microvesicles [26/μL (9-100) vs 9/μL (4-25), p = 0.007] compared to non-type 2 diabetes mellitus individuals. Platelet-derived microvesicles were positively associated with fasting blood glucose (p = 0.026) and glycated haemoglobin (p = 0.002). Erythrocyte-derived microvesicles were also positively associated with fasting blood glucose (p = 0.018) but not with glycated haemoglobin (p = 0.193). No significant association was observed between platelet-derived microvesicles (p = 0.126) or erythrocyte-derived microvesicles (p = 0.857) and advanced glycation end products. Erythrocyte-derived microvesicles predicted the presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus, independently of platelet-derived microvesicles. CONCLUSION In newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus, ongoing atherothrombosis is evident during the early stages as evidenced by increased microvesicles levels. Furthermore, the association with glycemic profile suggests that microvesicles represent not only a novel mechanism by which hyperglycemia amplifies thrombotic tendency in type 2 diabetes mellitus but also early markers of thrombosis highlighting the need for earlier management of hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Gkaliagkousi
- 1 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Papageorgiou Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Barbara Nikolaidou
- 1 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Papageorgiou Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleni Gavriilaki
- 1 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Papageorgiou Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Antonios Lazaridis
- 1 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Papageorgiou Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Efthalia Yiannaki
- 2 Department of Hematology, Theagenion Cancer Center, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Panagiota Anyfanti
- 1 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Papageorgiou Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioanna Zografou
- 3 2nd Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Hippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitra Markala
- 2 Department of Hematology, Theagenion Cancer Center, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stella Douma
- 1 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Papageorgiou Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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78
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Significance of circulating microRNAs in diabetes mellitus type 2 and platelet reactivity: bioinformatic analysis and review. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2019; 18:113. [PMID: 31470851 PMCID: PMC6716825 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-019-0918-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the light of growing global epidemic of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), significant efforts are made to discover next-generation biomarkers for early detection of the disease. Multiple mechanisms including inflammatory response, abnormal insulin secretion and glucose metabolism contribute to the development of T2DM. Platelet activation, on the other hand, is known to be one of the underlying mechanisms of atherosclerosis, which is a common T2DM complication that frequently results in ischemic events at later stages of the disease. Available data suggest that platelets contain large amounts of microRNAs (miRNAs) that are found in circulating body fluids, including the blood. Since miRNAs have been illustrated to play an important role in metabolic homeostasis through regulation of multiple genes, they attracted substantial scientific interest as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in T2DM. Various miRNAs, as well as their target genes are implicated in the complex pathophysiology of T2DM. This article will first review the different miRNAs studied in the context of T2DM and platelet reactivity, and subsequently present original results from bioinformatic analyses of published reports, identifying a common gene (PRKAR1A) linked to glucose metabolism, blood coagulation and insulin signalling and targeted by miRNAs in T2DM. Moreover, miRNA–target gene interaction networks built upon Gene Ontology information from electronic databases were developed. According to our results, miR-30a-5p, miR-30d-5p and miR-30c-5p are the most widely regulated miRNAs across all specified ontologies, hence they are the most promising biomarkers of T2DM to be investigated in future clinical studies.
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Mahendran DC, Hamilton G, Weiss J, Churilov L, Lew J, Khoo K, Lam Q, Robbins R, Hart GK, Johnson D, Hare DL, Farouque O, Zajac JD, Ekinci EI. Prevalence of pre-existing dysglycaemia among inpatients with acute coronary syndrome and associations with outcomes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2019; 154:130-137. [PMID: 31279958 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
AIMS We aimed to confirm the hypothesis that dysglycaemia including in the pre-diabetes range affects a majority of patients admitted with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and is associated with worse outcomes. METHODS In this prospective observational cohort study, consecutive inpatients aged ≥ 54 years with ACS were uniformly tested and categorised into diabetes (prior diagnosis/ HbA1c ≥ 6.5%, ≥48 mmol/mol), pre-diabetes (HbA1c 5.7-6.4%, 39-47 mmol/mol) and no diabetes (HbA1c ≤ 5.6%, ≤38 mmol/mol) groups. RESULTS Over two years, 847 consecutive inpatients presented with ACS. 313 (37%) inpatients had diabetes, 312 (37%) had pre-diabetes and 222 (25%) had no diabetes. Diabetes, compared with no diabetes, was associated with higher odds of acute pulmonary oedema (APO, odds ratio, OR 2.60, p < 0.01), longer length of stay (LOS, incidence rate ratio, IRR 1.18, p = 0.02) and, 12-month ACS recurrence (OR 1.86, p = 0.046) after adjustment, while no significant associations were identified for pre-diabetes. Analysed as a continuous variable, every 1% (11 mmol/mol) increase in HbA1c was associated with increased odds of APO (OR 1.28, P = 0.002) and a longer LOS (IRR 1.05, P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS The high prevalence of dysglycaemia and association with poorer clinical outcomes justifies routine HbA1c testing to identify individuals who may benefit from cardioprotective anti-hyperglycaemic agents and, lifestyle modification to prevent progression of pre-diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh C Mahendran
- Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Garry Hamilton
- Department of Cardiology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jeremy Weiss
- Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Leonid Churilov
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jeremy Lew
- Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kaylyn Khoo
- Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Que Lam
- Department of Pathology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Raymond Robbins
- Department of Administrative Informatics, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Graeme K Hart
- Department of Intensive Care, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria; Health and Biomedical Informatics Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Douglas Johnson
- Department of General Medicine, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medicine, Austin Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David L Hare
- Department of Cardiology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medicine, Austin Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Omar Farouque
- Department of Cardiology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medicine, Austin Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jeffrey D Zajac
- Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medicine, Austin Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elif I Ekinci
- Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medicine, Austin Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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Çakır H, Kaymaz C, Tanboga İH, Çakır H, Tokgöz HC, Hakgör A, Akbal ÖY, Er F, Topal D, Mutluer FO, Demir M, Tenekecioglu E. Increased exercise-related platelet activation assessed by impedance aggregometry in diabetic patients despite aspirin therapy. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2019; 47:396-402. [PMID: 30790162 DOI: 10.1007/s11239-019-01825-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Aspirin is widely used for the prevention of thromboembolic diseases, but inhibition of platelet aggregation (PA) is not uniform. Additionally, aspirin has been shown to be ineffective in blunting PA in response to exercise in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Limited data exists about platelet function following acute exercise in diabetics taking aspirin. In our study, we aimed to investigate PA before and after exercise stress test in type-2 diabetic patients taking aspirin. Forty-three patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and 36 subjects (age- and sex-matched) as control group were included prospectively. All participants were under aspirin (100 mg/day) therapy for at least 1 week. The measures of PA were assessed by impedance aggregometry using arachidonic acid as an agonist (ASPI test). Blood samplings were undertaken before and immediately after treadmill exercise test. At rest, diabetic and control groups had comparable pre-exercise PA (22.97 ± 14.57 versus 22.11 ± 12.71 AU min, p = NS, respectively). After treadmill exercise, both groups showed significantly higher absolute increase (9.02 ± 13.08 and 3.66 ± 5.87 AU min, p < 0.01, p < 0.01, respectively) and percent (%) increase (45.67 ± 49.34 and 24.04 ± 46.59 AU min, p < 0.01, p = 0.01, respectively) in PA. Both absolute increase (p < 0.05) and % increase (p < 0.05) in PA were significantly higher in DM group compared to the control group. Multiple regression analysis revealed that high-sensitive C-reactive protein (p = 0.014) was independent predictor of absolute increase PA. Our study showed that aspirin has limited effect in inhibiting exercise-induced PA, even in the absence of documented CAD. The increase in PA following exercise was significantly greater in patients with DM compared with controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Çakır
- Department of Cardiology, Bursa Yuksek İhtisas Training and Research Hospital, Health Sciences University, Bursa, Turkey.
| | - Cihangir Kaymaz
- Department of Cardiology, Kartal Koşuyolu Cardiovascular Research and Training Hospital, Health Sciences University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Hilal Çakır
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kelkit State Hospital, Gümüşhane, Turkey
| | - Hacer Ceren Tokgöz
- Department of Cardiology, Kartal Koşuyolu Cardiovascular Research and Training Hospital, Health Sciences University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aykun Hakgör
- Department of Cardiology, Kartal Koşuyolu Cardiovascular Research and Training Hospital, Health Sciences University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Özgür Yaşar Akbal
- Department of Cardiology, Kartal Koşuyolu Cardiovascular Research and Training Hospital, Health Sciences University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fahri Er
- Department of Cardiology, Bursa Yuksek İhtisas Training and Research Hospital, Health Sciences University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Dursun Topal
- Department of Cardiology, Bursa Yuksek İhtisas Training and Research Hospital, Health Sciences University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Ferit Onur Mutluer
- Department of Cardiology, Medicine School, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Demir
- Department of Cardiology, Bursa Yuksek İhtisas Training and Research Hospital, Health Sciences University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Erhan Tenekecioglu
- Department of Cardiology, Bursa Yuksek İhtisas Training and Research Hospital, Health Sciences University, Bursa, Turkey
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Mezzapesa A, Bastelica D, Crescence L, Poggi M, Grino M, Peiretti F, Panicot-Dubois L, Dupont A, Valero R, Maraninchi M, Bordet JC, Alessi MC, Dubois C, Canault M. Increased levels of the megakaryocyte and platelet expressed cysteine proteases stefin A and cystatin A prevent thrombosis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9631. [PMID: 31270351 PMCID: PMC6610149 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45805-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased platelet activity occurs in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and such platelet dysregulation likely originates from altered megakaryopoiesis. We initiated identification of dysregulated pathways in megakaryocytes in the setting of T2DM. We evaluated through transcriptomic analysis, differential gene expressions in megakaryocytes from leptin receptor-deficient mice (db/db), exhibiting features of human T2DM, and control mice (db/+). Functional gene analysis revealed an upregulation of transcripts related to calcium signaling, coagulation cascade and platelet receptors in diabetic mouse megakaryocytes. We also evidenced an upregulation (7- to 9.7-fold) of genes encoding stefin A (StfA), the human ortholog of Cystatin A (CSTA), inhibitor of cathepsin B, H and L. StfA/CSTA was present in megakaryocytes and platelets and its expression increased during obesity and diabetes in rats and humans. StfA/CSTA was primarily localized at platelet membranes and granules and was released upon agonist stimulation and clot formation through a metalloprotease-dependent mechanism. StfA/CSTA did not affect platelet aggregation, but reduced platelet accumulation on immobilized collagen from flowing whole blood (1200 s-1). In-vivo, upon laser-induced vascular injury, platelet recruitment and thrombus formation were markedly reduced in StfA1-overexpressing mice without affecting bleeding time. The presence of CA-074Me, a cathepsin B specific inhibitor significantly reduced thrombus formation in-vitro and in-vivo in human and mouse, respectively. Our study identifies StfA/CSTA as a key contributor of platelet-dependent thrombus formation in both rodents and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Mezzapesa
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INRA, C2VN, Marseille, 13385, France
| | | | - Lydie Crescence
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INRA, C2VN, Marseille, 13385, France
| | - Marjorie Poggi
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INRA, C2VN, Marseille, 13385, France
| | - Michel Grino
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INRA, C2VN, Marseille, 13385, France
| | - Franck Peiretti
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INRA, C2VN, Marseille, 13385, France
| | | | - Annabelle Dupont
- CHU Lille, Université de Lille, Inserm U1011 - EGID, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - René Valero
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INRA, C2VN, Marseille, 13385, France
| | - Marie Maraninchi
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INRA, C2VN, Marseille, 13385, France
| | - Jean-Claude Bordet
- Laboratoire d'Hémostase, Centre de Biologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France.,Laboratoire de Recherche sur l'Hémophilie, UCBL1, Lyon, France
| | | | | | - Matthias Canault
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INRA, C2VN, Marseille, 13385, France
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82
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Diabetes, heart failure, and renal dysfunction: The vicious circles. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2019; 62:298-302. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2019.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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83
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Mahmoodian R, Salimian M, Hamidpour M, Khadem-Maboudi AA, Gharehbaghian A. The effect of mild agonist stimulation on the platelet reactivity in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. BMC Endocr Disord 2019; 19:62. [PMID: 31200678 PMCID: PMC6567525 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-019-0391-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have accelerated atherosclerosis as a pro thrombotic state that is associated with the platelet activation priming. Platelets, which undergo the continuous mild stimulation, may lose their sensitivity to react to a strong stimulation. The present study aimed to investigate activation responses of platelets to mild and subsequent strong stimulations in patients with T2DM and healthy individuals. METHODS Blood samples, which were taken from 40 patients with T2DM and 35 healthy individuals, were collected into the citrate containing tubes. The samples were subjected to the soft centrifugation to prepare the platelet rich plasma (PRP). Platelets in PRP samples were treated at a low (1 μM) concentration and then at a high (10 μM) concentration of ADP. Before and after stimulation with different doses of ADP, levels of CD62P expression and formation of platelet micro particles (PMPs) were measured using a flow cytometry method. RESULTS The platelets from patients with T2DM had higher levels of CD62P expression before any stimulation (P = 0.003) than control samples. Platelets, which underwent the mild stimulation, indicated lower responses to CD62P expression, but higher PMPs formation after stimulation with high dose of ADP. Patients with T2DM had higher platelet micro particles in all states with the ADP stimulation. (P = 0.004, SD: ±74.52). CONCLUSIONS The flow cytometry data indicated that platelets were pre-active and associated with metabolic conditions in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The induction of desensitization state helped platelets to reduce the platelet activation and sensitivity to ADP in a diabetic environment. Furthermore, the production of platelets micro-particles was high in the patients; and desensitized platelets were more susceptible to shedding of micro-particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razie Mahmoodian
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1971653313 Iran
| | - Morteza Salimian
- Paramedical Faculty, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mohsen Hamidpour
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Khadem-Maboudi
- Department of Bio statistical, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Gharehbaghian
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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84
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Abstract
Platelet (PLT) hyperactivity is a key factor which contributes to cardiovascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus even in preclinical stages of disease. To the best of our knowledge, there is limited researches in this regard among patients with type 1 diabetes. The aim of this study was to evaluate hematologic indices indicating PLT activity in children with type 1 diabetes. This was a case-control study which was conducted on 166 inpatients in 17 Shahrivar children hospital, Rasht, Iran during April 2016 to April 2017. Cases and controls were 83 children with type 1 diabetes mellitus and 83 children hospitalized for thorough assessment of short stature, respectively. Groups were matched for age and sex. Demographic characteristics and hematologic variables were assessed. The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to determine the normality of the distribution. Results for continuous and categorical variables were demonstrated as mean±SD and number and percent, respectively. Continuous variables without normal distribution were demonstrated as median (interquartile range). The χ/Fisher's exact test was used to compare categorical variables. The normal and non-normal distributed quantitative variables were respectively assessed by independent T-test or Mann-Whitney U test. P-value <0.05 noted statistical significance. The median (interquartile range) age of all children was 10 (6 to 13) years old. Thirty-five (42.2) of patients with diabetes and 35 (42.2) of control group were male individuals. There were positive correlation between age (r=0.370; P=0.001), hemoglobin (r=0.278; P=0.009), blood sugar (r=0.243; P=0.027), PLT distribution width (r=0.229; P=0.038), plateletcrit (PCT) (r=0.290; P=0.008), PLT to lymphocyte ratio (r=0.230; P=0.037) and glycosylated hemoglobin in children with diabetes. The cut-off point of PCT was 0.19 (sensitivity=87.8%, specificity=66.7%). Only increased PCT (>0.19) was related with poor metabolic control and can put the patients to the risk of future cardiovascular events. The authors recommend considering multiple PLT parameters, and not just one of them, and even designing a scoring system in terms of PLT parameters for type 1 diabetes mellitus management programs.
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85
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Miliotis S, Nicolalde B, Ortega M, Yepez J, Caicedo A. Forms of extracellular mitochondria and their impact in health. Mitochondrion 2019; 48:16-30. [PMID: 30771504 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria play an important role as an intracellular energy plant and signaling organelle. However, mitochondria also exist outside cells where they could mediate cell-to-cell communication, repair and serve as an activator of the immune response. Their effects depend on the mitochondrial state or the form in which it is present, either as a whole functional structure as fragments or only as mitochondrial DNA. Herein, we provide evidence of why extracellular mitochondria and their varying forms are considered regenerative factors or pro-inflammatory activators. Understanding these aspects will provide the base of their use in therapy or as a biomarker of disease severity and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Miliotis
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito, The Latitude Zero Ecuador Research Initiative, L0ERI, 17-12-841, Ecuador
| | - Bryan Nicolalde
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud - Hospital de los Valles, Escuela de Medicina, Quito 17-12-841, Ecuador
| | - Mayra Ortega
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Escuela de Biotecnología, Quito 17-12-841, Ecuador; Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina, Quito 17-12-841, Ecuador
| | - Jackie Yepez
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito, The Latitude Zero Ecuador Research Initiative, L0ERI, 17-12-841, Ecuador
| | - Andrés Caicedo
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud - Hospital de los Valles, Escuela de Medicina, Quito 17-12-841, Ecuador; Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina, Quito 17-12-841, Ecuador; Mito-Act Research Consortium, Quito, Ecuador; Sistemas Médicos - Universidad San Francisco de Quito, SIME-USFQ, Quito 17-12-841, Ecuador.
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86
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Patti G, Cavallari I, Andreotti F, Calabrò P, Cirillo P, Denas G, Galli M, Golia E, Maddaloni E, Marcucci R, Parato VM, Pengo V, Prisco D, Ricottini E, Renda G, Santilli F, Simeone P, De Caterina R. Prevention of atherothrombotic events in patients with diabetes mellitus: from antithrombotic therapies to new-generation glucose-lowering drugs. Nat Rev Cardiol 2019; 16:113-130. [PMID: 30250166 PMCID: PMC7136162 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-018-0080-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is an important risk factor for a first cardiovascular event and for worse outcomes after a cardiovascular event has occurred. This situation might be caused, at least in part, by the prothrombotic status observed in patients with diabetes. Therefore, contemporary antithrombotic strategies, including more potent agents or drug combinations, might provide greater clinical benefit in patients with diabetes than in those without diabetes. In this Consensus Statement, our Working Group explores the mechanisms of platelet and coagulation activity, the current debate on antiplatelet therapy in primary cardiovascular disease prevention, and the benefit of various antithrombotic approaches in secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes. While acknowledging that current data are often derived from underpowered, observational studies or subgroup analyses of larger trials, we propose antithrombotic strategies for patients with diabetes in various cardiovascular settings (primary prevention, stable coronary artery disease, acute coronary syndromes, ischaemic stroke and transient ischaemic attack, peripheral artery disease, atrial fibrillation, and venous thromboembolism). Finally, we summarize the improvements in cardiovascular outcomes observed with the latest glucose-lowering drugs, and on the basis of the available evidence, we expand and integrate current guideline recommendations on antithrombotic strategies in patients with diabetes for both primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Patti
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Cavallari
- Unit of Cardiovascular Science, Campus Bio-Medico University, Rome, Italy
| | - Felicita Andreotti
- Cardiovascular and Thoracic Department, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Calabrò
- Department of Cardio-thoracic and Respiratory Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Plinio Cirillo
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Gentian Denas
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Mattia Galli
- Cardiovascular and Thoracic Department, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrica Golia
- Department of Cardio-thoracic and Respiratory Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Ernesto Maddaloni
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Campus Bio-Medico University, Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Marcucci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Vito Maurizio Parato
- Cardiology Unit, Madonna del Soccorso Hospital, San Benedetto del Tronto, Italy
- Politecnica Delle Marche University, San Benedetto del Tronto, Italy
| | - Vittorio Pengo
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Domenico Prisco
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Giulia Renda
- Institute of Cardiology, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Francesca Santilli
- Department of Medicine and Aging, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Paola Simeone
- Department of Medicine and Aging, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Raffaele De Caterina
- Institute of Cardiology, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy.
- Fondazione G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy.
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88
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Wang GH, Ma KL, Zhang Y, Hu ZB, Liu L, Lu J, Chen PP, Lu CC, Ruan XZ, Liu BC. Caspase 3/ROCK1 pathway mediates high glucose-induced platelet microparticles shedding. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 509:596-602. [PMID: 30606480 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.12.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelet microparticles (PMPs) are closely associated with diabetic macrovascular complications. This study aimed to explore the underlying mechanisms of high glucose-induced PMPs generation. METHODS Washed platelets, obtained from the plasma of healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats, were incubated with high glucose. PMPs were isolated using gradient centrifugation and counted by flow cytometry. Expression and activity of ROCK1 and caspase3 were evaluated by real-time PCR, Western blotting, and activity assay kit. RESULTS High glucose enhanced PMPs shedding in the presence of collagen. The mRNA and protein levels of ROCK1, but not ROCK2, were increased in platelets incubated with high glucose. Y-27632, an inhibitor of ROCK, blocked the increased PMPs shedding induced by high glucose. Expression and activity of caspase3 were elevated in platelets under the high glucose conditions. Z-DVED-FMK, a caspase3 inhibitor, inhibited ROCK1 activity and decreased the PMPs generation under high glucose. CONCLUSION High glucose increased PMPs shedding via caspase3-ROCK1 signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui Hua Wang
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Kun Ling Ma
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Yang Zhang
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ze Bo Hu
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Liang Liu
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jian Lu
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Pei Pei Chen
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Chen Chen Lu
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xiong Zhong Ruan
- Centre for Nephrology, University College London (UCL) Medical School, Royal Free Campus, UK
| | - Bi Cheng Liu
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
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89
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Zeng M, Luo Y, Xu C, Li R, Chen N, Deng X, Fang D, Wang L, Wu J, Luo M. Platelet-endothelial cell interactions modulate smooth muscle cell phenotype in an in vitro model of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2018; 316:C186-C197. [PMID: 30517030 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00428.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Platelet (PLT)-endothelial cell (EC) interaction appears to contribute to phenotypic transition of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), which play an important role in the physiological and pathological process of vascular complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). However, the precise mechanisms by which interactions between PLTs and ECs affect VSMC phenotype have largely remained unclear. We determined the effect of diabetic PLT-EC interaction to influence VSMC migration, proliferation, and phenotypic transformation in triple-cell coculture models using the quantitative real-time PCR, Western blot, fluorescence microscopy, wound scratch assays, CCK-8 assays, and gelatin zymography assays. Our results revealed DM2 PLT-EC interaction to be associated with a significant downregulation of VSMC-specific contractile phenotypic genes and proteins, including SM22α, smooth muscle actin, Smoothelin-B, and smooth muscle-myosin heavy chain. Inversely, VSMC-specific proliferative phenotype gene and protein levels, including cyclin D1 and 2, nonmuscle myosin heavy chain B, and PCNA were in upregulation. Furthermore, the DM2-originated PLT-EC interaction promoted the expression level of transforming growth factor-β1, and the PI3K/Akt and matrix metalloproteinase 9 signaling pathway was activated subsequently. Finally, these reactions contributed to a synthetic phenotype of VSMCs, including the proliferation, migration, and gelatinolytic activities. These findings suggest that PLT-EC interaction modulates the phenotypic transition of VSMCs between a contractile and proliferative/synthetic phenotype under diabetic conditions, conceivably providing important implications regarding the mechanisms controlling the VSMC phenotypic transition and the development of cardiovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Drug Discovery Research Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yulin Luo
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Drug Discovery Research Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,GCP Center, Affiliated Hospital (Traditional Chinese Medicine) of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Chunrong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Drug Discovery Research Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Rong Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Drug Discovery Research Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Ni Chen
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Drug Discovery Research Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Drug Discovery Research Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Dan Fang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Drug Discovery Research Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Liqun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Drug Discovery Research Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jianbo Wu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Drug Discovery Research Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri-Columbia , Columbia, Missouri
| | - Mao Luo
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Drug Discovery Research Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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90
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Ganesan D, Holkar A, Albert A, Paul E, Mariakuttikan J, Sadasivam Selvam G. Combination of ramipril and rutin alleviate alloxan induced diabetic nephropathy targeting multiple stress pathways in vivo. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 108:1338-1346. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.09.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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91
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Al-Sofiani ME, Yanek LR, Faraday N, Kral BG, Mathias R, Becker LC, Becker DM, Vaidya D, Kalyani RR. Diabetes and Platelet Response to Low-Dose Aspirin. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018; 103:4599-4608. [PMID: 30265320 PMCID: PMC6232753 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-01254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Previous studies have suggested less cardioprotective benefit of aspirin in adults with diabetes, raising concerns about "aspirin resistance" and potentially reduced effectiveness for prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD). OBJECTIVE To examine differences in platelet response to aspirin by diabetes status. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS We examined platelet response before and after aspirin (81 mg/day for 14 days) in 2113 adults (175 with diabetes, 1,938 without diabetes), in the Genetic Study of Aspirin Responsiveness cohort, who had family history of early-onset CVD. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES In vivo platelet activation (urinary thromboxane B2), in vitro platelet aggregation to agonists (arachidonic acid, adenosine diphosphate, collagen), and platelet function analyzer-100 closure time. RESULTS Although adults with diabetes had higher in vivo platelet activation before aspirin, the reduction in in vivo platelet activation after aspirin was similar in those with vs without diabetes. Likewise, the reduction in multiple in vitro platelet measures was similar after aspirin by diabetes status. In regression analyses adjusted for age, sex, race, BMI, smoking, platelet counts, and fibrinogen levels, in vivo platelet activation remained higher in adults with vs without diabetes after aspirin (P = 0.04), but this difference was attenuated after additional adjustment for preaspirin levels (P = 0.10). No differences by diabetes status were noted for any of the in vitro platelet measures after aspirin in fully adjusted models that also accounted for preaspirin levels. CONCLUSIONS In vitro platelet response to aspirin does not differ by diabetes status, suggesting no intrinsic differences in platelet response to aspirin. Instead, factors extrinsic to platelet function should be investigated to give further insights into aspirin use for primary prevention in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed E Al-Sofiani
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
- Division of Endocrinology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lisa R Yanek
- Division of General Internal Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- GeneSTAR Research Program, Division of General Internal Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Nauder Faraday
- GeneSTAR Research Program, Division of General Internal Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Brian G Kral
- GeneSTAR Research Program, Division of General Internal Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Division of Cardiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Rasika Mathias
- GeneSTAR Research Program, Division of General Internal Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Lewis C Becker
- GeneSTAR Research Program, Division of General Internal Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Division of Cardiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Diane M Becker
- Division of General Internal Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- GeneSTAR Research Program, Division of General Internal Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Dhananjay Vaidya
- Division of General Internal Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- GeneSTAR Research Program, Division of General Internal Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Rita R Kalyani
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
- The Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: Rita R. Kalyani, MD, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, The Johns Hopkins University, 1830 East Monument Street, Suite 333, Baltimore, Maryland 21287. E-mail:
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92
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Simeone P, Boccatonda A, Liani R, Santilli F. Significance of urinary 11-dehydro-thromboxane B 2 in age-related diseases: Focus on atherothrombosis. Ageing Res Rev 2018; 48:51-78. [PMID: 30273676 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Platelet activation plays a key role in atherogenesis and atherothrombosis. Biochemical evidence of increased platelet activation in vivo can be reliably obtained through non-invasive measurement of thromboxane metabolite (TXM) excretion. Persistent biosynthesis of TXA2 has been associated with several ageing-related diseases, including acute and chronic cardio-cerebrovascular diseases and cardiovascular risk factors, such as cigarette smoking, type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, hypercholesterolemia, hyperhomocysteinemia, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, chronic inflammatory diseases. Given the systemic nature of TX excretion, involving predominantly platelet but also extraplatelet sources, urinary TXM may reflect either platelet cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1)-dependent TX generation or COX-2-dependent biosynthesis by inflammatory cells and/or platelets, or a combination of the two, especially in clinical settings characterized by low-grade inflammation or enhanced platelet turnover. Although urinary 11-dehydro-TXB2 levels are largely suppressed with low-dose aspirin, incomplete TXM suppression by aspirin predicts the future risk of vascular events and death in high-risk patients and may identify individuals who might benefit from treatments that more effectively block in vivo TX production or activity. Several disease-modifying agents, including lifestyle intervention, antidiabetic drugs and antiplatelet agents besides aspirin have been shown to reduce TX biosynthesis. Taken together, these aspects may contribute to the development of promising mechanism-based therapeutic strategies to reduce the progression of atherothrombosis. We intended to critically review current knowledge on both the pathophysiological significance of urinary TXM excretion in clinical settings related to ageing and atherothrombosis, as well as its prognostic value as a biomarker of vascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Simeone
- Department of Medicine and Aging, and Center of Aging Science and Translational Medicine (CESI-Met), Via Luigi Polacchi, Chieti, Italy
| | - Andrea Boccatonda
- Department of Medicine and Aging, and Center of Aging Science and Translational Medicine (CESI-Met), Via Luigi Polacchi, Chieti, Italy
| | - Rossella Liani
- Department of Medicine and Aging, and Center of Aging Science and Translational Medicine (CESI-Met), Via Luigi Polacchi, Chieti, Italy
| | - Francesca Santilli
- Department of Medicine and Aging, and Center of Aging Science and Translational Medicine (CESI-Met), Via Luigi Polacchi, Chieti, Italy.
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93
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Jomaa W, El Mhamdi S, Ben Ali I, Azaiez MA, El Hraiech A, Ben Hamda K, Maatouk F. Prognostic value of hyperglycemia on-admission in diabetic versus non-diabetic patients presenting with ST-elevation myocardial infarction in Tunisia. Indian Heart J 2018; 70:772-776. [PMID: 30580843 PMCID: PMC6306357 DOI: 10.1016/j.ihj.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2017] [Revised: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperglycemia on-admission is a powerful predictor of adverse events in patients presenting for ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). AIM In this study, we sought to determine the prognostic value of hyperglycemia on-admission in Tunisian patients presenting with STEMI according to their diabetic status. METHODS Patients presenting to our center between January 1998 and September 2014 were enrolled. Hyperglycemia was defined as a glucose level ≥11mmol/L. In-hospital prognosis was studied in diabetic and non-diabetic patients. The predictive value for mortality of glycemia level on-admission was assessed by mean of the area under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve calculation. RESULTS A total of 1289 patients were included. Mean age was 60.39±12.8years and 977 (77.3%) patients were male. Prevalence of diabetes mellitus was 70.2% and 15.2% in patients presenting with and without hyperglycemia, respectively (p<0.001). In univariate analysis, hyperglycemia was associated to in-hospital death in diabetic (OR: 8.85, 95% CI: 2.11-37.12, p<0.001) and non-diabetic patients (OR: 2.57, 95% CI: 1.39-4.74, p=0.002). In multivariate analysis, hyperglycemia was independently predictive of in-hospital death in diabetic patients (OR: 9.6, 95% CI: 2.18-42.22, p=0.003) but not in non-diabetic patients (OR: 1.93, 95% CI: 0.97-3.86, p=0.06). Area under ROC curve of glycemia as a predictor of in-hospital death was 0.792 in diabetic and 0.676 in non-diabetic patients. CONCLUSION In patients presenting with STEMI, hyperglycemia was associated to hospital death in diabetic and non-diabetic patients in univariate analysis. In multivariate analysis, hyperglycemia was independently associated to in-hospital death in diabetic but not in non-diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid Jomaa
- Cardiology B Department, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital and University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia.
| | - Sana El Mhamdi
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Imen Ben Ali
- Cardiology B Department, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital and University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed A Azaiez
- Cardiology B Department, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital and University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Aymen El Hraiech
- Cardiology B Department, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital and University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Khaldoun Ben Hamda
- Cardiology B Department, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital and University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Faouzi Maatouk
- Cardiology B Department, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital and University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
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94
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Loguinova M, Pinegina N, Kogan V, Vagida M, Arakelyan A, Shpektor A, Margolis L, Vasilieva E. Monocytes of Different Subsets in Complexes with Platelets in Patients with Myocardial Infarction. Thromb Haemost 2018; 118:1969-1981. [PMID: 30300910 DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1673342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is associated with activation of various cells, including platelets that form monocyte-platelet complexes (MPCs). Here, we analysed MPC in vivo and in vitro and investigated the abilities of different monocyte subclasses to form MPC, the characteristics of the cells involved in MPC formation and MPC changes in AMI. We identified MPC by co-staining for platelet antigen CD41a and monocyte antigens CD14 and CD16. Platelet activation was evaluated from expression of phosphatidylserine as revealed by annexin V. Our results confirm published data and provide new information regarding the patterns of MPC in AMI patients. We found that the patterns of platelet aggregation with monocytes were different in AMI patients and controls: (1) in AMI patients, MPC formed by intermediate monocytes carry more platelets whereas in healthy controls more platelets aggregated with classical monocytes; (2) the numbers of MPC in AMI patients, being already higher than in controls, were further increased if these patients suffered various in-hospital complications; (3) on the basis of the CD41a fluorescence of the antibody-stained MPC, some of the aggregates seem to consist of monocytes and platelet-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs); (4) aggregation of monocytes with platelet EV occurred in in vitro experiments; and (5) these experiments demonstrated that monocytes from AMI patients aggregate with both platelets and platelet EVs more efficiently than do monocytes from controls. MPC in AMI patients may play an important role in this pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Loguinova
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia Pinegina
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Valeria Kogan
- Ariel University, Institute for Translational Research, Ariel, Israel
| | - Murad Vagida
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anush Arakelyan
- Section on Intercellular Interactions, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Alexander Shpektor
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Leonid Margolis
- Section on Intercellular Interactions, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Elena Vasilieva
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia
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95
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Chang HY, Yazdani A, Li X, Douglas KAA, Mantzoros CS, Karniadakis GE. Quantifying Platelet Margination in Diabetic Blood Flow. Biophys J 2018; 115:1371-1382. [PMID: 30224049 PMCID: PMC6170725 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2018.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) develop thrombotic abnormalities strongly associated with cardiovascular diseases. In addition to the changes of numerous coagulation factors such as elevated levels of thrombin and fibrinogen, the abnormal rheological effects of red blood cells (RBCs) and platelets flowing in blood are crucial in platelet adhesion and thrombus formation in T2DM. An important process contributing to the latter is the platelet margination. We employ the dissipative particle dynamics method to seamlessly model cells, plasma, and vessel walls. We perform a systematic study on RBC and platelet transport in cylindrical vessels by considering different cell shapes, sizes, and RBC deformabilities in healthy and T2DM blood, as well as variable flowrates and hematocrit. In particular, we use cellular-level RBC and platelet models with parameters derived from patient-specific data and present a sensitivity study. We find T2DM RBCs, which are less deformable compared to normal RBCs, lower the transport of platelets toward the vessel walls, whereas platelets with higher mean volume (often observed in T2DM) lead to enhanced margination. Furthermore, increasing the flowrate or hematocrit enhances platelet margination. We also investigated the effect of platelet shape and observed a nonmonotonic variation with the highest near-wall concentration corresponding to platelets with a moderate aspect ratio of 0.38. We examine the role of white blood cells (WBCs), whose count is increased notably in T2DM patients. We find that WBC rolling or WBC adhesion tends to decrease platelet margination due to hydrodynamic effects. To the best of our knowledge, such simulations of blood including all blood cells have not been performed before, and our quantitative findings can help separate the effects of hydrodynamic interactions from adhesive interactions and potentially shed light on the associated pathological processes in T2DM such as increased inflammatory response, platelet activation and adhesion, and ultimately thrombus formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Yu Chang
- Division of Applied Mathematics, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Alireza Yazdani
- Division of Applied Mathematics, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Xuejin Li
- Division of Applied Mathematics, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Konstantinos A A Douglas
- S. Lepida Biomedical Laboratory, Athens, Greece; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Christos S Mantzoros
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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96
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Rivas Rios JR, Franchi F, Rollini F, Angiolillo DJ. Diabetes and antiplatelet therapy: from bench to bedside. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther 2018; 8:594-609. [PMID: 30498684 DOI: 10.21037/cdt.2018.05.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder associated with accelerated atherogenesis and an increased risk of atherothrombotic complications. Multiple mechanisms contribute to the pro-thrombotic status which characterizes DM patients underscoring the importance of antiplatelet therapies used for secondary prevention in these patients. For many years, dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) with aspirin and the P2Y12 inhibitor clopidogrel has represented the mainstay of treatment following an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) or in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI). Although DAPT reduces the incidence of atherothrombotic recurrences, these rates remain high in DM patients underscoring the need for more efficacious therapies. Oral platelet P2Y12 receptor inhibitors with enhanced potency, such as prasugrel and ticagrelor, as well as antiplatelet therapies such as vorapaxar inhibiting the thrombin-mediated platelet signaling pathway, constitute treatment opportunities for patients with DM and have shown to be associated with a greater reduction in ischemic recurrences, albeit at the cost of more bleeding. This article reviews currently available antiplatelet agents and delivers an update on the advances and drawbacks of these agents used for secondary prevention in DM patients experiencing an ACS or undergoing PCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose R Rivas Rios
- Division of Cardiology, University of Florida College of Medicine-Jacksonville, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Francesco Franchi
- Division of Cardiology, University of Florida College of Medicine-Jacksonville, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Fabiana Rollini
- Division of Cardiology, University of Florida College of Medicine-Jacksonville, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Dominick J Angiolillo
- Division of Cardiology, University of Florida College of Medicine-Jacksonville, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
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97
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Conrotto F, Bertaina M, Raposeiras-Roubin S, Kinnaird T, Ariza-Solé A, Manzano-Fernández S, Templin C, Velicki L, Xanthopoulou I, Cerrato E, Rognoni A, Boccuzzi G, Omedè P, Montabone A, Taha S, Durante A, Gili S, Magnani G, Autelli M, Grosso A, Flores Blanco P, Garay A, Quadri G, Varbella F, Caneiro Queija B, Cobas Paz R, Cespón Fernández M, Muñoz Pousa I, Gallo D, Morbiducci U, Dominguez-Rodriguez A, Valdés M, Cequier A, Alexopoulos D, Iñiguez-Romo A, Gaita F, Abu-Assi E, D’Ascenzo F. Prasugrel or ticagrelor in patients with acute coronary syndrome and diabetes: a propensity matched substudy of RENAMI. EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL-ACUTE CARDIOVASCULAR CARE 2018; 8:536-542. [DOI: 10.1177/2048872618802783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: The safety and efficacy of prasugrel and ticagrelor in patients with diabetes mellitus presenting with acute coronary syndrome and treated with percutaneous coronary intervention remain to be assessed. Methods: All diabetes patients admitted for acute coronary syndrome and enrolled in the REgistry of New Antiplatelets in patients with Myocardial Infarction (RENAMI) were compared before and after propensity score matching. Net adverse cardiovascular events (composite of death, stroke, myocardial infarction and BARC 3–5 bleedings) and major adverse cardiovascular events (composite of death, stroke and myocardial infarction) were the co-primary endpoints. Single components of primary endpoints were secondary endpoints. Results: Among 4424 patients enrolled in RENAMI, 462 and 862 diabetes patients treated with prasugrel and ticagrelor, respectively, were considered. After propensity score matching, 386 patients from each group were selected. At 19±5 months, major adverse cardiovascular events and net adverse cardiovascular events were similar in the prasugrel and ticagrelor groups (5.4% vs. 3.4%, P=0.16 and 6.7% vs. 4.1%, P=0.11, respectively). Ticagrelor was associated with a lower risk of death and BARC 2–5 bleeding when compared to prasugrel (2.8% vs. 0.8%, P=0.031 and 6.0% vs. 2.6%, P=0.02, respectively) and a clear but not significant trend for a reduction of BARC 3–5 bleeding (2.3% vs. 0.8%, P=0.08). There were no significant differences in myocardial infarction recurrence and stent thrombosis. Conclusion: Diabetes patients admitted for acute coronary syndrome seem to benefit equally in terms of major adverse cardiovascular events from ticagrelor or prasugrel use. Ticagrelor was associated with a significant reduction in all-cause death and bleedings, without differences in recurrent ischaemic events, which should be confirmed in dedicated randomised controlled trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tim Kinnaird
- Cardiology Department, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Albert Ariza-Solé
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Christian Templin
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lazar Velicki
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Vojvodina, Serbia
| | | | - Enrico Cerrato
- Interventional Unit, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, San Luigi, Italy
| | - Andrea Rognoni
- Catheterization Laboratory, Maggiore della Carità Hospital, Novara, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Salma Taha
- Department of Cardiology, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | | | - Sebastiano Gili
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Giulia Magnani
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Alberto Grosso
- Department of Cardiology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Pedro Flores Blanco
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Virgen Arrtixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Alberto Garay
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Giorgio Quadri
- Interventional Unit, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, San Luigi, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Varbella
- Interventional Unit, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, San Luigi, Italy
| | | | - Rafael Cobas Paz
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, Vigo, Spain
| | | | - Isabel Muñoz Pousa
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, Vigo, Spain
| | - Diego Gallo
- PolitoBIOMed Lab, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | | | | | - Mariano Valdés
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Virgen Arrtixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Angel Cequier
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Fiorenzo Gaita
- Department of Cardiology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Emad Abu-Assi
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, Vigo, Spain
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Venkatesh V, Kumar R, Varma DK, Bhatia P, Yadav J, Dayal D. Changes in platelet morphology indices in relation to duration of disease and glycemic control in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Complications 2018; 32:833-838. [PMID: 30099984 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is limited data on platelet alterations in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). We planned to study the effect of glycemic control and duration of T1DM on platelet morphology in children with T1DM. METHODS We conducted an observational study on 260 children; 130 with T1DM (cases) and 130 healthy controls, in a tertiary care pediatric hospital. Platelet indices including Platelet count (PLT), Mean Platelet Volume (MPV), Platelet Distribution Width (PDW), Platelet-Large cell ratio (P-LCR), Plateletcrit (PCT) were measured, and their means were compared between cases and controls and various subgroups among the cases. RESULTS The MPV, PDW and P-LCR were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in cases when compared to controls and in children with suboptimal glycemic control compared to optimal control. PLT was considerably lower in cases compared to controls. In children with new-onset T1DM, only PDW was significantly raised when compared to controls. MPV and P-LCR had a significant positive correlation with duration of T1DM. CONCLUSIONS Children with T1DM have altered morphological parameter(s) which progress over time. Poor glycemic control is a significant risk factor for abnormal platelet indices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vybhav Venkatesh
- Department of Paediatrics, Advanced Paediatrics Centre, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Paediatrics, Advanced Paediatrics Centre, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India.
| | - Dinesh Kumar Varma
- Department of Paediatrics, Advanced Paediatrics Centre, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Prateek Bhatia
- Department of Hematology, Advanced Paediatrics Centre, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Jaivinder Yadav
- Department of Paediatrics, Advanced Paediatrics Centre, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Devi Dayal
- Department of Paediatrics, Advanced Paediatrics Centre, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
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99
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Pharmacogenetic and clinical predictors of response to clopidogrel plus aspirin after acute coronary syndrome in Egyptians. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2018; 28:207-213. [PMID: 30188374 PMCID: PMC9903350 DOI: 10.1097/fpc.0000000000000349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) with aspirin and clopidogrel reduces the risk for recurrent cardiovascular events after acute coronary syndrome (ACS). However, there is significant variation in response to DAPT that may be influenced by both genetic and nongenetic factors. This study aimed to assess the effect of genetic polymorphisms in PON-1, PEAR-1, P2Y12, CES1, and CYP2C19, along with clinical, demographic, and social factors, on variation in response to DAPT in Egyptians. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS This study included 230 Egyptians treated with clopidogrel 75 mg/day and aspirin 81 mg/day for at least 12 months following their first ACS. Simple and multivariable logistic regression analyses were carried out to identify factors associated with major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), defined as the occurrence of recurrent ACS, ischemic stroke, stent-related revascularization, or death, in clopidogrel-treated participants. RESULTS Using multivariable logistic regression analysis, the CYP2C19*2 polymorphism was the only genetic predictor of MACE [odds ratio (OR): 2.23, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.15-4.33, P=0.01]. In addition, proton pump inhibitor use (OR: 4.77, 95% CI: 1.47-15.54, P=0.009) and diabetes (OR: 1.83, 95% CI: 1.03-3.26, P=0.03) were associated with higher cardiovascular risk, whereas statin use was associated with lower risk (OR: 0.43, 95% CI: 0.25-0.76, P=0.003). The contribution of these four genetic and nongenetic factors explained 19% of the variability in risk for MACE in Egyptians treated with DAPT. CONCLUSION These results highlight that CYP2C19*2, along with diabetes, and use of proton pump inhibitor and statin are important factors jointly associated with variability in clinical response to DAPT following ACS in Egyptians.
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100
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Kaur R, Kaur M, Singh J. Endothelial dysfunction and platelet hyperactivity in type 2 diabetes mellitus: molecular insights and therapeutic strategies. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2018; 17:121. [PMID: 30170601 PMCID: PMC6117983 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-018-0763-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 338] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence and prevalence of diabetes mellitus is rapidly increasing worldwide at an alarming rate. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the most prevalent form of diabetes, accounting for approximately 90-95% of the total diabetes cases worldwide. Besides affecting the ability of body to use glucose, it is associated with micro-vascular and macro-vascular complications. Augmented atherosclerosis is documented to be the key factor leading to vascular complications in T2DM patients. The metabolic milieu of T2DM, including insulin resistance, hyperglycemia and release of excess free fatty acids, along with other metabolic abnormalities affects vascular wall by a series of events including endothelial dysfunction, platelet hyperactivity, oxidative stress and low-grade inflammation. Activation of these events further enhances vasoconstriction and promotes thrombus formation, ultimately resulting in the development of atherosclerosis. All these evidences are supported by the clinical trials reporting the importance of endothelial dysfunction and platelet hyperactivity in the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic vascular complications. In this review, an attempt has been made to comprehensively compile updated information available in context of endothelial and platelet dysfunction in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raminderjit Kaur
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Manpreet Kaur
- Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Jatinder Singh
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India.
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