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Gabriel EM, Kim M, Fisher DT, Mangum C, Attwood K, Ji W, Mukhopadhyay D, Bagaria SP, Robertson MW, Dinh TA, Knutson KL, Skitzki JJ, Wallace MB. A pilot trial of intravital microscopy in the study of the tumor vasculature of patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4946. [PMID: 33654117 PMCID: PMC7925603 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84430-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrancies in the tumor microvasculature limit the systemic delivery of anticancer agents, which impedes tumor response. Using human intravital microscopy (HIVM), we hypothesized that HIVM would be feasible in patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC). During cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy for PC, HIVM was performed in both tumor and non-tumor areas. The primary outcome was HIVM feasibility to measure vessel characteristics. We secondarily evaluated associations between HIVM vessel characteristics and oncologic outcomes (RECIST response to neoadjuvant therapy and disease-specific survival). Thirty patients with PC were enrolled. Nineteen patients (63.3%) received neoadjuvant therapy. HIVM was feasible in all patients. Compared to non-tumor (control) areas, PC areas had a lower density of functional vessels, higher proportion of non-functional vessels, smaller lumenal diameters, and lower blood flow velocity. Qualitative differences in these vessel characteristics were observed among patients who had partial response, stable disease, or progressive disease after receiving neoadjuvant therapy. However, no statistically significant relationships were found between HIVM vessel characteristics and oncologic outcomes. These novel findings comprise the first-in-human, real-time evidence of the microscopic differences between normal and tumor-associated vessels and form the basis for our larger, ongoing clinical trial appropriately powered to determine the clinical utility of HIVM (NCT03823144).
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel M. Gabriel
- grid.417467.70000 0004 0443 9942Department of Surgery, Section of Surgical Oncology, Mayo Clinic Florida, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA
| | - Minhyung Kim
- grid.240614.50000 0001 2181 8635Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY USA
| | - Daniel T. Fisher
- grid.240614.50000 0001 2181 8635Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY USA
| | - Catherine Mangum
- grid.417467.70000 0004 0443 9942Department of Surgery, Section of Surgical Oncology, Mayo Clinic Florida, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA
| | - Kristopher Attwood
- grid.240614.50000 0001 2181 8635Department of Biostatistics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY USA
| | - Wenyan Ji
- grid.240614.50000 0001 2181 8635Department of Biostatistics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY USA
| | - Debabrata Mukhopadhyay
- grid.417467.70000 0004 0443 9942Department of Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL USA
| | - Sanjay P. Bagaria
- grid.417467.70000 0004 0443 9942Department of Surgery, Section of Surgical Oncology, Mayo Clinic Florida, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA
| | - Matthew W. Robertson
- grid.417467.70000 0004 0443 9942Department of Gynecological Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL USA
| | - Tri A. Dinh
- grid.417467.70000 0004 0443 9942Department of Gynecological Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL USA
| | - Keith L. Knutson
- grid.417467.70000 0004 0443 9942Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL USA
| | - Joseph J. Skitzki
- grid.240614.50000 0001 2181 8635Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY USA
| | - Michael B. Wallace
- grid.417467.70000 0004 0443 9942Department of Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL USA
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Schroeder M, Viezens L, Sündermann J, Hettenhausen S, Hauenherm G, Wellbrock J, Mussawy H, Kossow K, Schaefer C. Preclinical Quantification of Prostate Cancer-Associated Vascular Alterations in the Bone Microenvironment in vivo. Eur Surg Res 2021; 61:188-200. [PMID: 33626542 DOI: 10.1159/000514224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prostate cancer has a special predilection to form bone metastases. Despite the known impact of the microvascular network on tumour growth and its dependence on the organ-specific microenvironment, the characteristics of the tumour vasculature in bone remain unknown. METHODS The cell lines LNCaP, DU145, and PC3 were implanted into the femurs of NSG mice to examine the microvascular properties of prostate cancer in bone. Tumour growth and the functional and morphological alterations of the microvasculature were analysed for 21 days in vivo using a transparent bone chamber and fluorescence microscopy. RESULTS Vascular density was significantly lower in tumour-bearing bone than in non-tumour-bearing bone, with a marked loss of small vessels. Accelerated blood flow velocity led to increased volumetric blood flow per vessel, but overall perfusion was not affected. All of the prostate cancer cell lines had similar vascular patterns, with more pronounced alterations in rapidly growing tumours. Despite minor differences between the prostate cancer cell lines associated with individual growth behaviours, the same overall pattern was observed and showed strong similarity to that of tumours growing in soft tissue. DISCUSSION The increase in blood flow velocity could be a specific characteristic of prostate cancer or the bone microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malte Schroeder
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany, .,Department of Spine Surgery, Klinikum Bad Bramstedt, Bad Bramstedt, Germany,
| | - Lennart Viezens
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jördis Sündermann
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Svenja Hettenhausen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gerrit Hauenherm
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jasmin Wellbrock
- Department of Haematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation with Section Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Haider Mussawy
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kai Kossow
- Centre of Psychosocial Medicine, Institute and Policlinics of Medical Psychology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Schaefer
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Spine Surgery, Klinikum Bad Bramstedt, Bad Bramstedt, Germany
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53
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Gaustad JV, Simonsen TG, Hansem LMK, Rofstad EK. Intravital microscopy of tumor vessel morphology and function using a standard fluorescence microscope. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2021; 48:3089-3100. [PMID: 33606081 PMCID: PMC8426228 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-021-05243-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of the study was to demonstrate the performance and possible applications of an intravital microscopy assay using a standard fluorescence microscope. Methods Melanoma and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma xenografts were initiated in dorsal window chambers and subjected to repeated intravital microscopy. The entire tumor vasculature as well as the normal tissue surrounding the tumor was imaged simultaneously with high spatial and temporal resolution. Vascular morphology images were recorded by using transillumination, and vascular masks were produced to quantify vessel density, vessel diameter, vessel segment length, and vessel tortuosity. First-pass imaging movies were recorded after an intervenous injection of a fluorescent marker and were used to investigate vascular function. Lymphatics were visualized by intradermal injections of a fluorescent marker. Results The intravital microscopy assay was used to study tumor growth and vascularization, tumor vessel morphology and function, tumor-associated lymphatics, and vascular effects of acute cyclic hypoxia and antiangiogenic treatment. The assay was sensitive to tumor-line differences in vascular morphology and function and detected tumor-induced lymphatic dilation. Acute cyclic hypoxia induced angiogenesis and increased the density of small diameter vessels and blood supply times, whereas antiangiogenic treatment selectively removed small-diameter vessels, reduced blood supply times, and induced hypoxia. Moreover, the window chamber was compatible with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and parametric images derived by dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI were shown to reflect vascular morphology and function. Conclusions The presented assay represents a useful and affordable alternative to intravital microscopy assays using confocal and multi-photon microscopes. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00259-021-05243-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon-Vidar Gaustad
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Box 4953 Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Trude G Simonsen
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Box 4953 Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lise Mari K Hansem
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Box 4953 Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Einar K Rofstad
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Box 4953 Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway
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Karmacharya MB, Sultan LR, Sehgal CM. Photoacoustic monitoring of oxygenation changes induced by therapeutic ultrasound in murine hepatocellular carcinoma. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4100. [PMID: 33603035 PMCID: PMC7893035 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83439-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly vascular solid tumor. We have previously shown that ultrasound (US) therapy significantly reduces tumor vascularity. This study monitors US-induced changes in tumor oxygenation on murine HCC by photoacoustic imaging (PAI). Oxygen saturation and total hemoglobin were assessed by PAI before and after US treatments performed at different intensities of continuous wave (CW) bursts and pulsed wave (PW) bursts US. PAI revealed significant reduction both in HCC oxygen saturation and in total hemoglobin, proportional to the US intensity. Both CW bursts US (1.6 W/cm2) and the PW bursts US (0.8 W/cm2) significantly reduced HCC oxygen saturation and total hemoglobin which continued to diminish with time following the US treatment. The effects of US therapy were confirmed by power Doppler and histological examination of the hemorrhage in tumors. By each measure, the changes observed in US-treated HCC were more prevalent than those in sham-treated tumors and were statistically significant. In conclusion, the results show that US is an effective vascular-targeting therapy for HCC. The changes in oxygenation induced by the US treatment can be noninvasively monitored longitudinally by PAI without the use of exogenous image-enhancing agents. The combined use of PAI and the therapeutic US has potential for image-guided vascular therapy for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrigendra B Karmacharya
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3620 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Laith R Sultan
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3620 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Chandra M Sehgal
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3620 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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Uhl B, Braun C, Dominik J, Luft J, Canis M, Reichel CA. A Novel Experimental Approach for In Vivo Analyses of the Salivary Gland Microvasculature. Front Immunol 2021; 11:604470. [PMID: 33679695 PMCID: PMC7925411 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.604470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Microvascular dysfunction plays a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of salivary gland disorders. Restoring and preserving microvascular integrity might therefore represent a promising strategy for the treatment of these pathologies. The mechanisms underlying microvascular dysfunction in salivary glands, however, are still obscure, partly due to the unavailability of adequate in vivo models. Here, we present a novel experimental approach that allows comprehensive in vivo analyses of the salivary gland microvasculature in mice. For this purpose, we employed different microscopy techniques including multi-photon in vivo microscopy to quantitatively analyze interactions of distinct immune cell subsets in the submandibular gland microvasculature required for their infiltration into the surrounding parenchyma and their effects on microvascular function. Confocal microscopy and multi-channel flow cytometry in tissue sections/homogenates complemented these real-time analyses by determining the molecular phenotype of the participating cells. To this end, we identified key adhesion and signaling molecules that regulate the subset- and tissue-specific trafficking of leukocytes into inflamed glands and control the associated microvascular leakage. Hence, we established an experimental approach that allows in vivo analyses of microvascular processes in healthy and diseased salivary glands. This enables us to delineate distinct pathogenetic factors as novel therapeutic targets in salivary gland diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Uhl
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Walter Brendel Centre for Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Constanze Braun
- Walter Brendel Centre for Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Julian Dominik
- Walter Brendel Centre for Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Joshua Luft
- Walter Brendel Centre for Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Canis
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph A. Reichel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Walter Brendel Centre for Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
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56
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Sheth V, Wang L, Bhattacharya R, Mukherjee P, Wilhelm S. Strategies for Delivering Nanoparticles across Tumor Blood Vessels. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2021; 31:2007363. [PMID: 37197212 PMCID: PMC10187772 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202007363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticle transport across tumor blood vessels is a key step in nanoparticle delivery to solid tumors. However, the specific pathways and mechanisms of this nanoparticle delivery process are not fully understood. Here, the biological and physical characteristics of the tumor vasculature and the tumor microenvironment are explored and how these features affect nanoparticle transport across tumor blood vessels is discussed. The biological and physical methods to deliver nanoparticles into tumors are reviewed and paracellular and transcellular nanoparticle transport pathways are explored. Understanding the underlying pathways and mechanisms of nanoparticle tumor delivery will inform the engineering of safer and more effective nanomedicines for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinit Sheth
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, 173 Felgar St, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Lin Wang
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, 173 Felgar St, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Resham Bhattacharya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, 800 NE 10th St, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Priyabrata Mukherjee
- Department of Pathology, Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, 800 NE 10th St, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Stefan Wilhelm
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, 173 Felgar St, Norman, OK 73019, USA
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Ollauri-Ibáñez C, Astigarraga I. Use of Antiangiogenic Therapies in Pediatric Solid Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:E253. [PMID: 33445470 PMCID: PMC7827326 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is an important cause of death in childhood. In recent years, scientists have made an important effort to achieve greater precision and more personalized treatments against cancer. But since only a few pediatric patients have identifiable therapeutic targets, other ways to stop the neoplastic cell proliferation and dissemination are needed. Therefore, the inhibition of general processes involved in the growth and behavior of tumors can be a relevant strategy for the development of new cancer therapies. In the case of solid tumors, one of these processes is angiogenesis, essential for tumor growth and generation of metastases. This review summarizes the results obtained with the use of antiangiogenic drugs in the main pediatric malignant solid tumors and also an overview of clinical trials currently underway. It should be noted that due to the rarity and heterogeneity of the different types of pediatric cancer, most studies on antiangiogenic drugs include only a small number of patients or isolated clinical cases, so they are not conclusive and further studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Ollauri-Ibáñez
- Pediatric Oncology Group, BioCruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain;
| | - Itziar Astigarraga
- Pediatric Oncology Group, BioCruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain;
- Pediatrics Department, Hospital Universitario Cruces, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain
- Pediatrics Department, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain
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Intravital Optical Imaging to Monitor Anti-Tumor Immunological Response in Preclinical Models. Bioanalysis 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-78338-9_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Yang JM, Ghim CM. Photoacoustic Tomography Opening New Paradigms in Biomedical Imaging. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1310:239-341. [PMID: 33834440 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-33-6064-8_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
After the emergence of the ultrasound, X-ray CT, PET, and MRI, photoacoustic tomography (PAT) is now in the phase of its exponential growth, with its expected full maturation being another form of mainstream clinical imaging modality. By combining the high contrast benefit of optical imaging and the high-resolution deep imaging capability of ultrasound, PAT can provide unprecedented anatomical image contrasts at clinically relevant depths as well as enable the use of a variety of functional and molecular imaging information, which is not possible with conventional imaging modalities. With these strengths, PAT has achieved numerous breakthroughs in various biomedical applications and also provided new technical platforms that may be able to resolve unmet issues in clinics. In this chapter, we provide an overview of the development of PAT technology for several major biomedical applications and provide an approximate projection of the future of PAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon-Mo Yang
- Center for Photoacoustic Medical Instruments, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea.
| | - Cheol-Min Ghim
- Department of Physics, School of Natural Science, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
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Schreiter JS, Beescho C, Kang J, Kursawe L, Moter A, Kikhney J, Langer S, Osla F, Wellner E, Kurow O. New model in diabetic mice to evaluate the effects of insulin therapy on biofilm development in wounds. GMS INTERDISCIPLINARY PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY DGPW 2020; 9:Doc06. [PMID: 33520591 PMCID: PMC7818390 DOI: 10.3205/iprs000150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Diabetic patients suffer more frequently from biofilm-associated infections than normoglycemic patients. Well described in the literature is a relationship between elevated blood glucose levels in patients and the occurrence of biofilm-associated wound infections. Nevertheless, the underlying pathophysiological pathways leading to this increased infection vulnerability and its effects on biofilm development still need to be elucidated. We developed in our laboratory a model to allow the investigation of a biofilm-associated wound infection in diabetic mice under controlled insulin treatment. Methods: A dorsal skinfold chamber was used on 16 weeks old BKS.Cg-Dock7m +/+ Leprdb/J mice and a wound within the observation field of the dorsal skinfold chamber was created. These wounds were infected with Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 49230 (106 cells/mL). Simultaneously, we implanted implants for sustained insulin release into the ventral subcutaneous tissue (N=5 mice). Mice of the control group (N=5) were treated with sham implants. Serum glucose levels were registered before intervention and daily after the operation. Densitometrical analysis of the wound size was performed at day 0, 3, and 6 after intervention. Mice were sacrificed on day 6 and wound tissue was submitted to fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and colony forming unit (CFU) analysis in addition to immunohistochemical staining to observe wound healing. Experiments were carried out in accordance with the National Institute of Health Guidelines for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (protocol number 05/19). Results: The insulin implants were able to reduce blood glucose levels in the mice. Hence, the diabetic mice in the intervention group were normoglycemic after the implantation. The combination with the dorsal skinfold chamber allowed for continuous, in vivo measurements of the infection development. Implantation of the insulin implant and the dorsal skinfold chamber was a tolerable condition for the diabetic mice. We succeeded to realize reproducible biofilm infections in the animals. Discussion: We developed a novel model to assess interactions between blood glucose level and S. aureus-induced biofilm-associated wound infections. The combination of the dorsal skinfold chamber model with a sustained insulin treatment has not been described so far. It allows a broad field of glucose and insulin dependent studies of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christian Beescho
- Department of Orthopedics, Trauma and Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Laura Kursawe
- MoKi Analytics GmbH, Berlin, Germany.,Biofilmzentrum, Department for Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Annette Moter
- MoKi Analytics GmbH, Berlin, Germany.,Biofilmzentrum, Department for Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Judith Kikhney
- MoKi Analytics GmbH, Berlin, Germany.,Biofilmzentrum, Department for Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Langer
- Department of Orthopedics, Trauma and Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Germany
| | | | | | - Olga Kurow
- Department of Orthopedics, Trauma and Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Germany
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Esteves M, Monteiro MP, Duarte JA. Role of Regular Physical Exercise in Tumor Vasculature: Favorable Modulator of Tumor Milieu. Int J Sports Med 2020; 42:389-406. [PMID: 33307553 DOI: 10.1055/a-1308-3476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The tumor vessel network has been investigated as a precursor of an inhospitable tumor microenvironment, including its repercussions in tumor perfusion, oxygenation, interstitial fluid pressure, pH, and immune response. Dysfunctional tumor vasculature leads to the extravasation of blood to the interstitial space, hindering proper perfusion and causing interstitial hypertension. Consequently, the inadequate delivery of oxygen and clearance of by-products of metabolism promote the development of intratumoral hypoxia and acidification, hampering the action of immune cells and resulting in more aggressive tumors. Thus, pharmacological strategies targeting tumor vasculature were developed, but the overall outcome was not satisfactory due to its transient nature and the higher risk of hypoxia and metastasis. Therefore, physical exercise emerged as a potential favorable modulator of tumor vasculature, improving intratumoral vascularization and perfusion. Indeed, it seems that regular exercise practice is associated with lasting tumor vascular maturity, reduced vascular resistance, and increased vascular conductance. Higher vascular conductance reduces intratumoral hypoxia and increases the accessibility of circulating immune cells to the tumor milieu, inhibiting tumor development and improving cancer treatment. The present paper describes the implications of abnormal vasculature on the tumor microenvironment and the underlying mechanisms promoted by regular physical exercise for the re-establishment of more physiological tumor vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mário Esteves
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Experimental Morphology, CIAFEL, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Hospital-Escola, Fernando Pessoa University, Gondomar, Portugal
| | - Mariana P Monteiro
- Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jose Alberto Duarte
- CIAFEL - Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto Universitário de Ciências da Saúde, Gandra, Portugal
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Zhuo S, Zhang F, Yu J, Zhang X, Yang G, Liu X. pH-Sensitive Biomaterials for Drug Delivery. Molecules 2020; 25:E5649. [PMID: 33266162 PMCID: PMC7730929 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of precise and personalized medicine requires novel formulation strategies to deliver the therapeutic payloads to the pathological tissues, producing enhanced therapeutic outcome and reduced side effects. As many diseased tissues are feathered with acidic characteristics microenvironment, pH-sensitive biomaterials for drug delivery present great promise for the purpose, which could protect the therapeutic payloads from metabolism and degradation during in vivo circulation and exhibit responsive release of the therapeutics triggered by the acidic pathological tissues, especially for cancer treatment. In the past decades, many methodologies, such as acidic cleavage linkage, have been applied for fabrication of pH-responsive materials for both in vitro and in vivo applications. In this review, we will summarize some pH-sensitive drug delivery system for medical application, mainly focusing on the pH-sensitive linkage bonds and pH-sensitive biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Zhuo
- Clinical Translational Center for Targeted Drug, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (S.Z.); (F.Z.); (J.Y.)
| | - Feng Zhang
- Clinical Translational Center for Targeted Drug, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (S.Z.); (F.Z.); (J.Y.)
| | - Junyu Yu
- Clinical Translational Center for Targeted Drug, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (S.Z.); (F.Z.); (J.Y.)
| | - Xican Zhang
- Clinical Translational Center for Targeted Drug, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (S.Z.); (F.Z.); (J.Y.)
| | - Guangbao Yang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection & School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China;
| | - Xiaowen Liu
- Clinical Translational Center for Targeted Drug, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (S.Z.); (F.Z.); (J.Y.)
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63
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Haase K, Offeddu GS, Gillrie MR, Kamm RD. Endothelial Regulation of Drug Transport in a 3D Vascularized Tumor Model. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2020; 30:2002444. [PMID: 33692661 PMCID: PMC7939067 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202002444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Drug discovery and efficacy in cancer treatments are limited by the inability of pre-clinical models to predict successful outcomes in humans. Limitations remain partly due to their lack of a physiologic tumor microenvironment (TME), which plays a considerable role in drug delivery and tumor response to therapy. Chemotherapeutics and immunotherapies rely on transport through the vasculature, via the smallest capillaries and stroma to the tumor, where passive and active transport processes are at play. Here, a 3D vascularized tumor on-chip is used to examine drug delivery in a relevant TME within a large bed of perfusable vasculature. This system demonstrates highly localized pathophysiological effects of two tumor spheroids (Skov3 and A549) which cause significant changes in vessel density and barrier function. Paclitaxel (Taxol) uptake is examined through diffusivity measurements, functional efflux assays and accumulation of the fluorescent-conjugated drug within the TME. Due to vascular and stromal contributions, differences in the response of vascularized tumors to Taxol (shrinkage and CD44 expression) are apparent compared with simpler models. This model specifically allows for examination of spatially resolved tumor-associated endothelial dysfunction, likely improving the representation of in vivo drug distribution, and has potential for development into a more predictable model of drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Haase
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Massachusetts, 02139, USA
| | | | - Mark R Gillrie
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Massachusetts, 02139, USA; University of Calgary, Calgary, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Roger D Kamm
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Massachusetts, 02139, USA
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64
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Yang S, Chen C, Qiu Y, Xu C, Yao J. Paying attention to tumor blood vessels: Cancer phototherapy assisted with nano delivery strategies. Biomaterials 2020; 268:120562. [PMID: 33278682 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cancer phototherapy has attracted increasing attention for its promising effectiveness and relative non-invasiveness. Over the past years, tremendous efforts have been made to develop better phototherapy strategies with various nano delivery systems. This review introduces cancer phototherapy strategies based on tumor blood vessels for improved therapeutic outcomes from the angle of direct tumor destruction and improved delivery process assisted with nano delivery designs. Latest directions and ideas of cancer phototherapy with translation potential are also discussed. Focusing on the double role of tumor vessels not only as an anti-tumor target but also as part of the delivery process, we highlight the crosstalk between photo-induced extensive effects and the complicated drug delivery process. Due to the heterogeneity of tumors, deeper investigations about the interconnection between tumor vessels and cancer phototherapy remain to be carried out. More delicate and intelligent nano delivery systems are expected to help realize the full potential of this therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Chen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Yue Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Cheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Jing Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, China.
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Zhang L, Yang X, Wen M. Optimal scanning concentration of MR imaging for tumor-bearing nude mice with SPIO-shRNA molecular probe. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18655. [PMID: 33122685 PMCID: PMC7596719 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73923-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study is to investigate the signal changes and optimal scanning concentration of MRI in tumor tissues of tumor-bearing nude mice by SPIO-shRNA molecular probes. 30 BALB/c tumor-bearing nude mice were randomly divided into 5 groups with 6 mice in each group. At the given scanning time (before and 27 h after injection), the caudal vein was respectively injected with iron content of 6 mg·kg-1, 12 mg·kg-1, 18 mg·kg-1, 24 mg·kg-1, and 30 mg·kg-1, and MR examination was simultaneously performed to measure signal intensity changes of tumor tissue and contralateral muscle tissue in each concentration group. After each examination above, the nude mice were sacrificed immediately, and the tumor and muscle tissues were removed for HE and Prussian blue staining,and observed under light microscope. Nude mice in 6 mg, 12 mg and 18 mg groups all survived after probe injection, but some nude mice died in 24 mg and 30 mg groups after probe injection or during scanning. The signal changes of T2WI and T2*WI sequences were the most obvious in MR scanning sequences. Compared with other groups, the signal intensity of the tumor tissue in 18 mg, 24 mg and 30 mg groups were most obvious (P < 0.05), while the 18 mg, 24 mg and 30 mg groups reached no statistical difference (P > 0.05 ); HE staining indicated that structural disorder of tumor tissue as well as increase of nuclear atypia. Prussian Blue staining showed that blue-stained iron particles were present in each experimental group,and the most densely distributed were in 18 mg,24 mg and 30 mg groups. Tumor tissue could be well labeled with SPIO-shRNA molecular probes, and the optimal MR scanning concentration (iron content) is 18 mg·kg-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiang Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xinyi Yang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Ming Wen
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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Dawson MR, Xuan B, Hsu J, Ghosh D. Force balancing ACT-IN the tumor microenvironment: Cytoskeletal modifications in cancer and stromal cells to promote malignancy. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 360:1-31. [PMID: 33962748 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2020.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment is a complex milieu that dictates the growth, invasion, and metastasis of cancer cells. Both cancer and stromal cells in the tumor tissue encounter and adapt to a variety of extracellular factors, and subsequently contribute and drive the progression of the disease to more advanced stages. As the disease progresses, a small population of cancer cells becomes more invasive through a complex process known as epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and nearby stromal cells assume a carcinoma associated fibroblast phenotype characterized by enhanced migration, cell contractility, and matrix secretion with the ability to reorganize extracellular matrices. As cells transition into more malignant phenotypes their biophysical properties, controlled by the organization of cytoskeletal proteins, are altered. Actin and its associated proteins are essential modulators and facilitators of these changes. As the cells respond to the cues in the microenvironment, actin driven mechanical forces inside and outside the cells also evolve. Recent advances in biophysical techniques have enabled us to probe these actin driven changes in cancer and stromal cells and demarcate their role in driving changes in the microenvironment. Understanding the underlying biophysical mechanisms that drive cancer progression could provide critical insight on novel therapeutic approaches in the fight against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle R Dawson
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology, and Biotechnology, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States; Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States; Brown University, Center for Biomedical Engineering, Providence, RI, United States.
| | - Botai Xuan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology, and Biotechnology, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Jeffrey Hsu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology, and Biotechnology, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Deepraj Ghosh
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology, and Biotechnology, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
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Trumbull DA, Lemini R, Bagaria SP, Elli EF, Colibaseanu DT, Wallace MB, Gabriel E. Intravital Microscopy (IVM) in Human Solid Tumors: Novel Protocol to Examine Tumor-Associated Vessels. JMIR Res Protoc 2020; 9:e15677. [PMID: 33034295 PMCID: PMC7584984 DOI: 10.2196/15677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Intravital microscopy (IVM) allows the real-time, direct visualization of microscopic blood vessels. This pilot clinical trial will elucidate the physical and functional characteristics of vessels associated with solid tumors. Objective The main objective of this study is to determine the feasibility of performing IVM in patients with solid tumors during the standard course of surgical resection. IVM will also be performed when vasopressors or fluid boluses are administered during the standard course of the operation. Methods This is an open-label, nonrandomized, single-center, pilot study of IVM observation in subjects with solid tumors undergoing surgical resection. Results This study was active on January 1, 2019 (NCT03823144) and funded by the Mayo Clinic Florida Cancer Focused Research Team Award. As of September 27, 2020, we had enrolled 20 patients. Accrual period is expected to end by December 31, 2021. Conclusions This trial will support the development of interventions to improve patient treatment by extending the application of IVM to the tumor microenvironment. IVM observations during volume and pressor management at the time of surgery may aid in the development of strategies to augment responses to systemic treatments. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/15677
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Riccardo Lemini
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Sanjay P Bagaria
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Enrique F Elli
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | | | - Michael B Wallace
- Department of Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Emmanuel Gabriel
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
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68
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Impact of Size and Location of Metastases on Early Tumor Shrinkage and Depth of Response in Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: Subgroup Findings of the Randomized, Open-Label Phase 3 Trial FIRE-3/AIO KRK-0306. Clin Colorectal Cancer 2020; 19:291-300.e5. [PMID: 32917529 DOI: 10.1016/j.clcc.2020.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) are used to define degrees of response to chemotherapy. For accelerated response evaluation, early tumor shrinkage (ETS) of ≥ 20% has been suggested as a predictor for outcome in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Together with depth of response (DpR), new alternative metrics have been provided, yielding promising outcome parameters. In this analysis, we aimed to further characterize ETS and DpR. PATIENTS AND METHODS This analysis was based on FIRE-3, a randomized phase 3 trial comparing first-line FOLFIRI plus either cetuximab or bevacizumab in KRAS exon 2 wild-type mCRC. ETS and DpR were determined on the basis of RECIST 1.1 in a blinded radiologic review. ETS was evaluated as a categorized (≥ 20% shrinkage) and continuous parameter. The impact of baseline location and size of metastases on ETS and DpR were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS Of 592 patients, 395 (66.7%) had data available for radiologic review. Median continuous ETS for lung, liver, and suspected lymph node metastases was 20%, 23%, and 30%, respectively. The median DpR was -32%, -44%, and -50%, respectively (all P < .01). In multivariate analysis, lung metastases were significantly associated with inferior DpR (P = .021), whereas hepatic metastases led to higher DpR (P = .024). Large metastases were associated with favorable ETS, whereas small metastases were correlated with higher DpR (P < .001). CONCLUSION ETS and DpR depend on the location and size of metastases in mCRC. These associations may establish the basis for further research to optimize the predictive accuracy of both parameters. This may help basing treatment decisions on ETS and DpR.
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69
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Tang S, Song P, Trzasko JD, Lowerison M, Huang C, Gong P, Lok UW, Manduca A, Chen S. Kalman Filter-Based Microbubble Tracking for Robust Super-Resolution Ultrasound Microvessel Imaging. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND FREQUENCY CONTROL 2020; 67:1738-1751. [PMID: 32248099 PMCID: PMC7485263 DOI: 10.1109/tuffc.2020.2984384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Contrast microbubble (MB)-based super-resolution ultrasound microvessel imaging (SR-UMI) overcomes the compromise in conventional ultrasound imaging between spatial resolution and penetration depth and has been successfully applied to a wide range of clinical applications. However, clinical translation of SR-UMI remains challenging due to the limited number of MBs detected within a given accumulation time. Here, we propose a Kalman filter-based method for robust MB tracking and improved blood flow speed measurement with reduced numbers of MBs. An acceleration constraint and a direction constraint for MB movement were developed to control the quality of the estimated MB trajectory. An adaptive interpolation approach was developed to inpaint the missing microvessel signal based on the estimated local blood flow speed, facilitating more robust depiction of microvasculature with a limited amount of MBs. The proposed method was validated on an ex ovo chorioallantoic membrane and an in vivo rabbit kidney. Results demonstrated improved imaging performance on both microvessel density maps and blood flow speed maps. With the proposed method, the percentage of microvessel filling in a selected blood vessel at a given accumulation period was increased from 28.17% to 74.45%. A similar SR-UMI performance was achieved with MB numbers reduced by 85.96%, compared to that with the original MB number. The results indicate that the proposed method substantially improves the robustness of SR-UMI under a clinically relevant imaging scenario where SR-UMI is challenged by a limited MB accumulation time, reduced number of MBs, lowered imaging frame rate, and degraded signal-to-noise ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Tang
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Pengfei Song
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Joshua D. Trzasko
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Matthew Lowerison
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Chengwu Huang
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Ping Gong
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - U-Wai Lok
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Armando Manduca
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Shigao Chen
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905
- Corresponding Author: Shigao Chen ()
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70
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Gabriel EM, Kim M, Fisher DT, Powers C, Attwood K, Bagaria SP, Knutson KL, Skitzki JJ. Dynamic control of tumor vasculature improves antitumor responses in a regional model of melanoma. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13245. [PMID: 32764623 PMCID: PMC7413248 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70233-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in therapy for melanoma, heterogeneous responses with limited durability represent a major gap in treatment outcomes. The purpose of this study was to determine whether alteration in tumor blood flow could augment drug delivery and improve antitumor responses in a regional model of melanoma. This approach to altering tumor blood flow was termed "dynamic control." Dynamic control of tumor vessels in C57BL/6 mice bearing B16 melanoma was performed using volume expansion (saline bolus) followed by phenylephrine. Intravital microscopy (IVM) was used to observe changes directly in real time. Our approach restored blood flow in non-functional tumor vessels. It also resulted in increased chemotherapy (melphalan) activity, as measured by formation of DNA adducts. The combination of dynamic control and melphalan resulted in superior outcomes compared to melphalan alone (median time to event 40.0 vs 25.0 days, respectively, p = 0.041). Moreover, 25% (3/12) of the mice treated with the combination approach showed complete tumor response. Importantly, dynamic control plus melphalan did not result in increased adverse events. In summary, we showed that dynamic control was feasible, directly observable, and augmented antitumor responses in a regional model of melanoma. Early clinical trials to determine the translational feasibility of dynamic control are ongoing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel M Gabriel
- Department of Surgery, Section of Surgical Oncology, Mayo Clinic Florida, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.
| | - Minhyung Kim
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Daniel T Fisher
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Colin Powers
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Kristopher Attwood
- Department of Biostatistics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Sanjay P Bagaria
- Department of Surgery, Section of Surgical Oncology, Mayo Clinic Florida, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Keith L Knutson
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Joseph J Skitzki
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
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Swartz HM, Flood AB, Schaner PE, Halpern H, Williams BB, Pogue BW, Gallez B, Vaupel P. How best to interpret measures of levels of oxygen in tissues to make them effective clinical tools for care of patients with cancer and other oxygen-dependent pathologies. Physiol Rep 2020; 8:e14541. [PMID: 32786045 PMCID: PMC7422807 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well understood that the level of molecular oxygen (O2 ) in tissue is a very important factor impacting both physiology and pathological processes as well as responsiveness to some treatments. Data on O2 in tissue could be effectively utilized to enhance precision medicine. However, the nature of the data that can be obtained using existing clinically applicable techniques is often misunderstood, and this can confound the effective use of the information. Attempts to make clinical measurements of O2 in tissues will inevitably provide data that are aggregated over time and space and therefore will not fully represent the inherent heterogeneity of O2 in tissues. Additionally, the nature of existing techniques to measure O2 may result in uneven sampling of the volume of interest and therefore may not provide accurate information on the "average" O2 in the measured volume. By recognizing the potential limitations of the O2 measurements, one can focus on the important and useful information that can be obtained from these techniques. The most valuable clinical characterizations of oxygen are likely to be derived from a series of measurements that provide data about factors that can change levels of O2 , which then can be exploited both diagnostically and therapeutically. The clinical utility of such data ultimately needs to be verified by careful studies of outcomes related to the measured changes in levels of O2 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Harold M Swartz
- Department of Radiology, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, NH, USA
- Department of Medicine, Section of Radiation Oncology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Ann Barry Flood
- Department of Radiology, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Philip E Schaner
- Department of Medicine, Section of Radiation Oncology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Howard Halpern
- Department Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Benjamin B Williams
- Department of Radiology, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, NH, USA
- Department of Medicine, Section of Radiation Oncology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Brian W Pogue
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
- Department of Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Bernard Gallez
- Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Peter Vaupel
- Department Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Center Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Freiburg, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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Nia HT, Datta M, Seano G, Zhang S, Ho WW, Roberge S, Huang P, Munn LL, Jain RK. In vivo compression and imaging in mouse brain to measure the effects of solid stress. Nat Protoc 2020; 15:2321-2340. [PMID: 32681151 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-020-0328-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We recently developed an in vivo compression device that simulates the solid mechanical forces exerted by a growing tumor on the surrounding brain tissue and delineates the physical versus biological effects of a tumor. This device, to our knowledge the first of its kind, can recapitulate the compressive forces on the cerebellar cortex from primary (e.g., glioblastoma) and metastatic (e.g., breast cancer) tumors, as well as on the cerebellum from tumors such as medulloblastoma and ependymoma. We adapted standard transparent cranial windows normally used for intravital imaging studies in mice to include a turnable screw for controlled compression (acute or chronic) and decompression of the cerebral cortex. The device enables longitudinal imaging of the compressed brain tissue over several weeks or months as the screw is progressively extended against the brain tissue to recapitulate tumor growth-induced solid stress. The cranial window can be simply installed on the mouse skull according to previously established methods, and the screw mechanism can be readily manufactured in-house. The total time for construction and implantation of the in vivo compressive cranial window is <1 h (per mouse). This technique can also be used to study a variety of other diseases or disorders that present with abnormal solid masses in the brain, including cysts and benign growths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi T Nia
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Meenal Datta
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Giorgio Seano
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Tumor Microenvironment Laboratory, Institut Curie Research Center, Paris-Saclay University, PSL Research University, Inserm U1021, CNRS UMR3347, Orsay, France
| | - Sue Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - William W Ho
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sylvie Roberge
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peigen Huang
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lance L Munn
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rakesh K Jain
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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73
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Resolving Metabolic Heterogeneity in Experimental Models of the Tumor Microenvironment from a Stable Isotope Resolved Metabolomics Perspective. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10060249. [PMID: 32549391 PMCID: PMC7345423 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10060249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) comprises complex interactions of multiple cell types that determines cell behavior and metabolism such as nutrient competition and immune suppression. We discuss the various types of heterogeneity that exist in solid tumors, and the complications this invokes for studies of TME. As human subjects and in vivo model systems are complex and difficult to manipulate, simpler 3D model systems that are compatible with flexible experimental control are necessary for studying metabolic regulation in TME. Stable Isotope Resolved Metabolomics (SIRM) is a valuable tool for tracing metabolic networks in complex systems, but at present does not directly address heterogeneous metabolism at the individual cell level. We compare the advantages and disadvantages of different model systems for SIRM experiments, with a focus on lung cancer cells, their interactions with macrophages and T cells, and their response to modulators in the immune microenvironment. We describe the experimental set up, illustrate results from 3D cultures and co-cultures of lung cancer cells with human macrophages, and outline strategies to address the heterogeneous TME.
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74
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Ma L, Han X, Gu J, Li J, Lou W, Jin C, Saiyin H. The physiological characteristics of the basal microvilli microvessels in pancreatic cancers. Cancer Med 2020; 9:5535-5545. [PMID: 32488986 PMCID: PMC7402840 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a highly lethal tumor with controversial high glucose uptake and hypomicrovascularity, and the hypomicrovasculature, which is considered to have poor perfusion, blocks the delivery of drugs to tumors. The preferential existence of a novel endothelial projection with trafficking vesicles in PCs, referring to basal microvilli, was described previously. However, the perfusion and nutrients delivering status of the basal microvilli microvessels are unknown. Here, we used the perfusion of fluorescently labeled CD31 antibody, lectin, and 2‐NBDG to autochthonous PC‐bearing mice, immunostaining, probe‐based confocal laser endoscopy and three‐dimensional (3D) reconstruction to study the nutrient trafficking, and perfusion status of the basal microvilli microvasculature in PC. Our data showed that the coperfusion of lectin and CD31 is an efficient way to show the microcirculation in most healthy organs. However, coperfusion with lectin and CD31 is inefficient for showing the microcirculation in PCs compared with that in healthy organs and immunostaining. This method does not reflect the nutrient trafficking status in the microvessels, especially in basal microvilli microvessels of PCs. In basal microvilli microvessels that were poorly labeled by lectin, we observed large vesicle‐like structures with 2‐NBDG preferentially located at the base of the basal microvilli or in basal microvilli, and there were long filopodia on the luminal surface of the human PC microvasculature. Our observations suggest that the PC microvasculature, especially basal microvilli microvessels, is well perfused and might be highly efficient in the trafficking of glucose or other nutrients, indicating that macropinocytosis might participate in the nutrient trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixiang Ma
- Department of Anatomy, Histology & Embryology, School of Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Han
- General Surgery Department, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jichun Gu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji Li
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhui Lou
- General Surgery Department, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Jin
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hexige Saiyin
- The State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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75
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Lane AN, Higashi RM, Fan TWM. Metabolic reprogramming in tumors: Contributions of the tumor microenvironment. Genes Dis 2020; 7:185-198. [PMID: 32215288 PMCID: PMC7083762 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2019.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic alterations associated with cell transformation are in large measure expressed in the metabolic phenotype as cancer cells proliferate and change their local environment, and prepare for metastasis. Qualitatively, the fundamental biochemistry of cancer cells is generally the same as in the untransformed cells, but the cancer cells produce a local environment, the TME, that is hostile to the stromal cells, and compete for nutrients. In order to proliferate, cells need sufficient nutrients, either those that cannot be made by the cells themselves, or must be made from simpler precursors. However, in solid tumors, the nutrient supply is often limiting given the potential for rapid proliferation, and the poor quality of the vasculature. Thus, cancer cells may employ a variety of strategies to obtain nutrients for survival, growth and metastasis. Although much has been learned using established cell lines in standard culture conditions, it is becoming clear from in vivo metabolic studies that this can also be misleading, and which nutrients are used for energy production versus building blocks for synthesis of macromolecules can vary greatly from tumor to tumor, and even within the same tumor. Here we review the operation of metabolic networks, and how recent understanding of nutrient supply in the TME and utilization are being revealed using stable isotope tracers in vivo as well as in vitro.
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Key Words
- 2OG, 2-oxoglutarate
- ACO1,2, aconitase 1,2
- CP-MAS, Cross polarization Magic Angle Spinning
- Cancer metabolism
- DMEM, Dulbeccos Modified Eagles Medium
- ECAR, extracellular acidification rate
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- EMP, Embden-Meyerhof Pathway
- IDH1,2, isocitrate dehydrogenase 1,2 (NADP+dependent)
- IF, interstitial fluid
- ME, malic enzyme
- Metabolic flux
- Nutrient supply
- RPMI, Roswell Park Memorial Institute
- SIRM, Stable Isotope Resolved Metabolomics
- Stable isotope resolved metabolomics
- TIL, tumor infiltrating lymphocyte
- TIM/TPI, triose phosphate isomerase
- TME, Tumor Micro Environment
- Tumor microenvironment
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew N. Lane
- Center for Environmental and Systems Biochemistry, Markey Cancer Center, Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, USA
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76
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Luque‐González MA, Reis RL, Kundu SC, Caballero D. Human Microcirculation‐on‐Chip Models in Cancer Research: Key Integration of Lymphatic and Blood Vasculatures. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 4:e2000045. [DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202000045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Angélica Luque‐González
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs—Research Institute on Biomaterials Biodegradables and BiomimeticsUniversity of MinhoHeadquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative MedicineICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra 4805‐017 Barco Braga/Guimarães Portugal
| | - Rui Luis Reis
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs—Research Institute on Biomaterials Biodegradables and BiomimeticsUniversity of MinhoHeadquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative MedicineICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra 4805‐017 Barco Braga/Guimarães Portugal
| | - Subhas Chandra Kundu
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs—Research Institute on Biomaterials Biodegradables and BiomimeticsUniversity of MinhoHeadquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative MedicineICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra 4805‐017 Barco Braga/Guimarães Portugal
| | - David Caballero
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs—Research Institute on Biomaterials Biodegradables and BiomimeticsUniversity of MinhoHeadquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative MedicineICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra 4805‐017 Barco Braga/Guimarães Portugal
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77
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Pardridge WM. The Isolated Brain Microvessel: A Versatile Experimental Model of the Blood-Brain Barrier. Front Physiol 2020; 11:398. [PMID: 32457645 PMCID: PMC7221163 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A versatile experimental model for the investigation of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), including the neuro-vascular unit, is the isolated brain microvessel preparation. Brain microvessels are primarily comprised of endothelial cells, but also include pericytes, pre-capillary arteriolar smooth muscle cells, astrocyte foot processes, and occasional nerve endings. These microvessels can be isolated from brain with a 3 h procedure, and the microvessels are free of brain parenchyma. Brain microvessels have been isolated from fresh animal brain, fresh human brain obtained at neurosurgery, as well as fresh or frozen autopsy human brain. Brain microvessels are the starting point for isolation of brain microvessel RNA, which then enables the production of BBB cDNA libraries and a genomics analysis of the brain microvasculature. Brain microvessels, combined with quantitative targeted absolute proteomics, allow for the quantitation of specific transporters or receptors expressed at the brain microvasculature. Brain microvessels, combined with specific antibodies and immune labeling of isolated capillaries, allow for the cellular location of proteins expressed within the neuro-vascular unit. Isolated brain microvessels can be used as an “in vitro” preparation of the BBB for the study of the kinetic parameters of BBB carrier-mediated transport (CMT) systems, or for the determination of dissociation constants of peptide binding to BBB receptor-mediated transport (RMT) systems expressed at either the animal or the human BBB. This review will discuss how the isolated brain microvessel model system has advanced our understanding of the organization and functional properties of the BBB, and highlight recent renewed interest in this 50 year old model of the BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- William M Pardridge
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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78
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Kolitsi LI, Yiantsios SG. Transport of nanoparticles in magnetic targeting: Comparison of magnetic, diffusive and convective forces and fluxes in the microvasculature, through vascular pores and across the interstitium. Microvasc Res 2020; 130:104007. [PMID: 32305349 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2020.104007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticle targeting in tumor areas is examined by an integrated consideration of the transport steps from the microcirculation to the vascular walls, through their pores and into the interstitium. Brownian, flow- and magnetically induced forces and fluxes are compared on the basis of order-of-magnitude estimates and numerical simulations. The main resistance to nanoparticle transport is found to be within the interstitium, since fluxes there are much smaller than the extravasation fluxes, and the latter are much smaller than the convective-diffusive ones within the microvasculature. For typical nanoparticle sizes, magnetic properties and strengths of magnetic fields as in MRI equipment, magnetic targeting is rather unlikely to play a significant role in directing nanoparticles towards vascular walls or through vascular pores. However, magnetic drift can have an effect within the interstitium and a tangible overall outcome, despite the fact that typical magnetic forces are smaller than Brownian ones or interstitial flow convective forces. The reason behind such an effect has to do with the much larger length scales involved in interstitial transport. Magnetic drift creates a front of large nanoparticle concentrations, flooding the inadequately perfused and poorly accessible tumor area. On the basis of time-scale estimates, it is suggested that sequential cycles of magnetic nanoparticle dosage may help in more efficient access of cell layers ever closer to the tumor center. The present results may assist in the quest for optimal parameters and conditions, given the conflicting requirements for particles small enough to evade hydrodynamic and steric hindrances in vascular pores and the interstitium, yet large enough to bear a substantial magnetic load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia I Kolitsi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Univ. Box 453, GR 541 24, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stergios G Yiantsios
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Univ. Box 453, GR 541 24, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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79
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Hahn A, Bode J, Krüwel T, Kampf T, Buschle LR, Sturm VJF, Zhang K, Tews B, Schlemmer HP, Heiland S, Bendszus M, Ziener CH, Breckwoldt MO, Kurz FT. Gibbs point field model quantifies disorder in microvasculature of U87-glioblastoma. J Theor Biol 2020; 494:110230. [PMID: 32142806 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2020.110230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Microvascular proliferation in glioblastoma multiforme is a biological key mechanism to facilitate tumor growth and infiltration and a main target for treatment interventions. The vascular architecture can be obtained by Single Plane Illumination Microscopy (SPIM) to evaluate vascular heterogeneity in tumorous tissue. We make use of the Gibbs point field model to quantify the order of regularity in capillary distributions found in the U87 glioblastoma model in a murine model and to compare tumorous and healthy brain tissue. A single model parameter Γ was assigned that is linked to tissue-specific vascular topology through Monte-Carlo simulations. Distributions of the model parameter Γ differ significantly between glioblastoma tissue with mean 〈ΓG〉=2.1±0.4, as compared to healthy brain tissue with mean 〈ΓH〉=4.9±0.4, suggesting that the average Γ-value allows for tissue differentiation. These results may be used for diagnostic magnetic resonance imaging, where it has been shown recently that Γ is linked to tissue-inherent relaxation parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Hahn
- Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, Heidelberg 69120, Germany; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 226, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Julia Bode
- Molecular Mechanisms of Tumor Invasion, Schaller Research Group, University of Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Thomas Krüwel
- Molecular Mechanisms of Tumor Invasion, Schaller Research Group, University of Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Thomas Kampf
- Department of Experimental Physics 5, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg 97074, Germany; Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Straße 2, Würzburg 97080, Germany
| | - Lukas R Buschle
- Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, Heidelberg 69120, Germany; Department of Radiology E010, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Volker J F Sturm
- Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, Heidelberg 69120, Germany; Department of Radiology E010, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Radiology E010, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Björn Tews
- Molecular Mechanisms of Tumor Invasion, Schaller Research Group, University of Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Heinz-Peter Schlemmer
- Department of Radiology E010, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Sabine Heiland
- Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Martin Bendszus
- Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Christian H Ziener
- Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, Heidelberg 69120, Germany; Department of Radiology E010, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Michael O Breckwoldt
- Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, Heidelberg 69120, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Felix T Kurz
- Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, Heidelberg 69120, Germany; Department of Radiology E010, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.
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80
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Hernández de la Cruz ON, López-González JS, García-Vázquez R, Salinas-Vera YM, Muñiz-Lino MA, Aguilar-Cazares D, López-Camarillo C, Carlos-Reyes Á. Regulation Networks Driving Vasculogenic Mimicry in Solid Tumors. Front Oncol 2020; 9:1419. [PMID: 31993365 PMCID: PMC6970938 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) is a mechanism whereby cancer cells form microvascular structures similar to three-dimensional channels to provide nutrients and oxygen to tumors. Unlike angiogenesis, VM is characterized by the development of new patterned three-dimensional vascular-like structures independent of endothelial cells. This phenomenon has been observed in many types of highly aggressive solid tumors. The presence of VM has also been associated with increased resistance to chemotherapy, low survival, and poor prognosis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level through different pathways. In recent years, these tiny RNAs have been shown to be expressed aberrantly in different human malignancies, thus contributing to the hallmarks of cancer. In this context, miRNAs and lncRNAs can be excellent biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and the prediction of response to therapy. In this review, we discuss the role that the tumor microenvironment and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition have in VM. We include an overview of the mechanisms of VM with examples of diverse types of tumors. Finally, we describe the regulation networks of lncRNAs-miRNAs and their clinical impact with the VM. Knowing the key genes that regulate and promote the development of VM in tumors with invasive, aggressive, and therapy-resistant phenotypes will facilitate the discovery of novel biomarker therapeutics against cancer as well as tools in the diagnosis and prognosis of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José Sullivan López-González
- Laboratorio de Cáncer de Pulmón, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas", Mexico, Mexico
| | - Raúl García-Vázquez
- Posgrado en Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Yarely M Salinas-Vera
- Posgrado en Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Marcos A Muñiz-Lino
- Laboratorio de Patología y Medicina Bucal, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Xochimilco, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Dolores Aguilar-Cazares
- Laboratorio de Cáncer de Pulmón, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas", Mexico, Mexico
| | - César López-Camarillo
- Posgrado en Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Ángeles Carlos-Reyes
- Laboratorio de Cáncer de Pulmón, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas", Mexico, Mexico
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81
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Duan L, Yang L, Jin J, Yang F, Liu D, Hu K, Wang Q, Yue Y, Gu N. Micro/nano-bubble-assisted ultrasound to enhance the EPR effect and potential theranostic applications. Theranostics 2020; 10:462-483. [PMID: 31903132 PMCID: PMC6929974 DOI: 10.7150/thno.37593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug delivery for tumor theranostics involves the extensive use of the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. Previously, various types of nanomedicines have been demonstrated to accumulate in solid tumors via the EPR effect. However, EPR is a highly variable phenomenon because of tumor heterogeneity, resulting in low drug delivery efficacy in clinical trials. Because ultrasonication using micro/nanobubbles as contrast agents can disrupt blood vessels and enhance the specific delivery of drugs, it is an effective approach to improve the EPR effect for the passive targeting of tumors. In this review, the basic thermal effect, acoustic streaming, and cavitation mechanisms of ultrasound, which are characteristics that can be utilized to enhance the EPR effect, are briefly introduced. Second, micro/nanobubble-enhanced ultrasound imaging is discussed to understand the validity and variability of the EPR effect. Third, because the tumor microenvironment is complicated owing to elevated interstitial fluid pressure and the deregulated extracellular matrix components, which may be unfavorable for the EPR effect, few new trends in smart bubble drug delivery systems, which may improve the accuracy of EPR-mediated passive drug targeting, are summarized. Finally, the challenging and major concerns that should be considered in the next generation of micro/nanobubble-contrast-enhanced ultrasound theranostics for EPR-mediated passive drug targeting are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Duan
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, P. R. China
| | - Li Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, P. R. China
| | - Juan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, P. R. China
| | - Fang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, P. R. China
| | - Dong Liu
- West Anhui University, Lu'an, P.R. China
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, P. R. China
| | - Ke Hu
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, P. R. China
| | - Qinxin Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, P. R. China
| | - Yuanbin Yue
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, P. R. China
| | - Ning Gu
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, P. R. China
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82
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Swartz HM, Vaupel P, Williams BB, Schaner PE, Gallez B, Schreiber W, Ali A, Flood AB. 'Oxygen Level in a Tissue' - What Do Available Measurements Really Report? ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1232:145-153. [PMID: 31893405 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-34461-0_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the paper is to discuss what currently is feasible clinically to measure the level of oxygen and how that measurement can be clinically useful. Because oxygen in tissues is quite heterogeneous and all methods of measurement can only provide an average across heterogeneities at some spatial and temporal resolution, the values that are obtained may have limitations on their clinical utility. However, even if such limitations are significant, if one utilizes repeated measurements and focuses on changes in the measured levels, rather than 'absolute levels', it may be possible to obtain very useful clinical information. While these considerations are especially pertinent in cancer, they also pertain to most other types of pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Swartz
- Department Radiology, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, NH, USA. .,Section Radiation Oncology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA.
| | - P Vaupel
- Department Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - B B Williams
- Department Radiology, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, NH, USA.,Section Radiation Oncology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - P E Schaner
- Section Radiation Oncology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - B Gallez
- Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - W Schreiber
- Department Radiology, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - A Ali
- Department Radiation Oncology, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - A B Flood
- Department Radiology, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, NH, USA
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83
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Boulch M, Grandjean CL, Cazaux M, Bousso P. Tumor Immunosurveillance and Immunotherapies: A Fresh Look from Intravital Imaging. Trends Immunol 2019; 40:1022-1034. [DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2019.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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84
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Abstract
The way cancer cells utilize nutrients to support their growth and proliferation is determined by cancer cell-intrinsic and cancer cell-extrinsic factors, including interactions with the environment. These interactions can define therapeutic vulnerabilities and impact the effectiveness of cancer therapy. Diet-mediated changes in whole-body metabolism and systemic nutrient availability can affect the environment that cancer cells are exposed to within tumours, and a better understanding of how diet modulates nutrient availability and utilization by cancer cells is needed. How diet impacts cancer outcomes is also of great interest to patients, yet clear evidence for how diet interacts with therapy and impacts tumour growth is lacking. Here we propose an experimental framework to probe the connections between diet and cancer metabolism. We examine how dietary factors may affect tumour growth by altering the access to and utilization of nutrients by cancer cells. Our growing understanding of how certain cancer types respond to various diets, how diet impacts cancer cell metabolism to mediate these responses and whether dietary interventions may constitute new therapeutic opportunities will begin to provide guidance on how best to use diet and nutrition to manage cancer in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan C Lien
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Matthew G Vander Heiden
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
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85
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Noninvasive intravital high-resolution imaging of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14636. [PMID: 31601958 PMCID: PMC6787246 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51093-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Preclinical trials of cancer drugs in animal models are important for drug development. The Rip1Tag2 (RT2) transgenic mouse, a model of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (PNET), has provided immense knowledge about PNET biology, although tumour progression occurs in a location inaccessible for real-time monitoring. To overcome this hurdle we have developed a novel platform for intravital 3D imaging of RT2 tumours to facilitate real-time studies of cancer progression. Pre-oncogenic islets retrieved from RT2 mice were implanted into the anterior chamber of the eye (ACE) of host mice, where they engrafted on the iris, recruited blood vessels and showed continuous growth. Noninvasive confocal and two-photon laser-scanning microscopy through the transparent cornea facilitated high-resolution imaging of tumour growth and angiogenesis. RT2 tumours in the ACE expanded up to 8-fold in size and shared hallmarks with tumours developing in situ in the pancreas. Genetically encoded fluorescent reporters enabled high-resolution imaging of stromal cells and tumour cell migration. Sunitinib treatment impaired RT2 tumour angiogenesis and growth, while overexpression of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-B increased tumour angiogenesis though tumour growth was impaired. In conclusion, we present a novel platform for intravital high-resolution and 3D imaging of PNET biology and cancer drug assessment.
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86
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Li A, Sun M, Spill F, Sun R, Zaman MH. Are the Effects of Independent Biophysical Factors Linearly Additive? A 3D Tumor Migration Model. Biophys J 2019; 117:1702-1713. [PMID: 31630809 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2019.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Interstitial fluid flow plays a critical role in tumor cell invasion, yet this role has not been explored extensively in combination with other microenvironmental factors. Here, we establish a novel computational model of three-dimensional breast cancer cell migration to unveil the effect of interstitial fluid flow in the dependence of various extracellular matrix (ECM) physical properties. Our model integrates several principal factors: fluid dynamics, autologous chemotaxis, collagen fiber network structure, ECM stiffness, and cell-fiber and cell-flow interaction. First, independently with an aligned collagen fiber network and interstitial fluid flow, this model is validated by successfully reproducing the cell migration patterns. In the model, the interstitial fluid flow leads to directional symmetry breaking of chemotactic migration and synergizes with the ECM orientation to regulate cell migration. This synergy is universal in both the mesenchymal and the amoeboid migration modes, despite the fact that the cell-ECM interaction are different. Consequently, we construct a cell displacement function depending on these factors. Our cell migration model enables three-dimensional cancer migration prediction, mechanism exploration, and inhibition treatment design in a complex tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ang Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Hydrodynamics, School of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Sun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Fabian Spill
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts; School of Mathematics, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ren Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Hydrodynamics, School of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Muhammad H Zaman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts.
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87
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Incio J, Ligibel JA, McManus DT, Suboj P, Jung K, Kawaguchi K, Pinter M, Babykutty S, Chin SM, Vardam TD, Huang Y, Rahbari NN, Roberge S, Wang D, Gomes-Santos IL, Puchner SB, Schlett CL, Hoffmman U, Ancukiewicz M, Tolaney SM, Krop IE, Duda DG, Boucher Y, Fukumura D, Jain RK. Obesity promotes resistance to anti-VEGF therapy in breast cancer by up-regulating IL-6 and potentially FGF-2. Sci Transl Med 2019. [PMID: 29540614 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aag0945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy has failed to improve survival in patients with breast cancer (BC). Potential mechanisms of resistance to anti-VEGF therapy include the up-regulation of alternative angiogenic and proinflammatory factors. Obesity is associated with hypoxic adipose tissues, including those in the breast, resulting in increased production of some of the aforementioned factors. Hence, we hypothesized that obesity could contribute to anti-VEGF therapy's lack of efficacy. We found that BC patients with obesity harbored increased systemic concentrations of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and/or fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2), and their tumor vasculature was less sensitive to anti-VEGF treatment. Mouse models revealed that obesity impairs the effects of anti-VEGF on angiogenesis, tumor growth, and metastasis. In one murine BC model, obesity was associated with increased IL-6 production from adipocytes and myeloid cells within tumors. IL-6 blockade abrogated the obesity-induced resistance to anti-VEGF therapy in primary and metastatic sites by directly affecting tumor cell proliferation, normalizing tumor vasculature, alleviating hypoxia, and reducing immunosuppression. Similarly, in a second mouse model, where obesity was associated with increased FGF-2, normalization of FGF-2 expression by metformin or specific FGF receptor inhibition decreased vessel density and restored tumor sensitivity to anti-VEGF therapy in obese mice. Collectively, our data indicate that obesity fuels BC resistance to anti-VEGF therapy via the production of inflammatory and angiogenic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joao Incio
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.,I3S, Institute for Innovation and Research in Health, Metabolism, Nutrition, and Endocrinology Group, Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Porto University, Porto 4200-135, Portugal.,Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital S. João, Porto 4200-319, Portugal
| | - Jennifer A Ligibel
- Dana-Farber Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Daniel T McManus
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Priya Suboj
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.,Department of Botany and Biotechnology, St. Xavier's College, Thumba, Trivandrum, Kerala 695586, India
| | - Keehoon Jung
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Kosuke Kawaguchi
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Matthias Pinter
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Suboj Babykutty
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.,Department of Zoology, Mar Ivanios College, Nalanchira, Trivandrum, Kerala 695015, India
| | - Shan M Chin
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Trupti D Vardam
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Yuhui Huang
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Nuh N Rahbari
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Sylvie Roberge
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Dannie Wang
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Igor L Gomes-Santos
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.,Heart Institute (Instituto do Coração-Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo), University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo 05403-900, Brazil
| | - Stefan B Puchner
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Christopher L Schlett
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Udo Hoffmman
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Marek Ancukiewicz
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Sara M Tolaney
- Dana-Farber Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ian E Krop
- Dana-Farber Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Dan G Duda
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Yves Boucher
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Dai Fukumura
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Rakesh K Jain
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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88
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Tamura R, Yoshida K, Toda M. Current understanding of lymphatic vessels in the central nervous system. Neurosurg Rev 2019; 43:1055-1064. [PMID: 31209659 DOI: 10.1007/s10143-019-01133-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Lymphangiogenesis is associated with some pathological conditions such as inflammation, tissue repair, and tumor growth. Recently, a paradigm shift occurred following the discovery of meningeal lymphatic structures in the human central nervous system (CNS); these structures may be a key drainage route for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) into the peripheral blood and may also contribute to inflammatory reaction and immune surveillance of the CNS. Lymphatic vessels located along the dural sinuses absorb CSF from the adjacent subarachnoid space and brain interstitial fluid via the glymphatic system, which is composed of aquaporin-4 water channels expressed on perivascular astrocytic end-feet membranes. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) clearly visualized these lymphatic vessels in the human dura mater. The conception of some neurological disorders, such as multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer's disease, has been changed by this paradigm shift. Meningeal lymphatic vessels could be a promising therapeutic target for the prevention of neurological disorders. However, the involvement of meningeal lymphatic vessels in the pathophysiology has not been fully elucidated and is the subject of future investigations. In this article, to understand the involvement of meningeal lymphatic vessels in neurological disorders, we review the differences between lymphangiogenesis in the CNS and in other tissues during both developmental and adulthood stages, and pathological conditions that may be associated with meningeal lymphatic vessels in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Tamura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kazunari Yoshida
- Department of Neurosurgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Masahiro Toda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
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89
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Fecci PE, Champion CD, Hoj J, McKernan CM, Goodwin CR, Kirkpatrick JP, Anders CK, Pendergast AM, Sampson JH. The Evolving Modern Management of Brain Metastasis. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:6570-6580. [PMID: 31213459 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-1624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of brain metastases is increasing as cancer therapies improve and patients live longer, providing new challenges to the multidisciplinary teams that care for these patients. Brain metastatic cancer cells possess unique characteristics that allow them to penetrate the blood-brain barrier, colonize the brain parenchyma, and persist in the intracranial environment. In addition, brain metastases subvert the innate and adaptive immune system, permitting evasion of the antitumor immune response. Better understanding of the above mechanisms will allow for development and delivery of more effective therapies for brain metastases. In this review, we outline the molecular mechanisms underlying development, survival, and immunosuppression of brain metastases. We also discuss current and emerging treatment strategies, including surgery, radiation, disease-specific and mutation-targeted systemic therapy, and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter E Fecci
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.,Duke Center for Brain and Spinal Metastases, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Cosette D Champion
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.,Duke Center for Brain and Spinal Metastases, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jacob Hoj
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Courtney M McKernan
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - C Rory Goodwin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.,Duke Center for Brain and Spinal Metastases, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - John P Kirkpatrick
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.,Duke Center for Brain and Spinal Metastases, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Carey K Anders
- Duke Cancer Institute, Division of Medical Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Ann Marie Pendergast
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - John H Sampson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina. .,Duke Center for Brain and Spinal Metastases, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
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90
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Abstract
Proliferation requires that cells accumulate sufficient biomass to grow and divide. Cancer cells within tumors must acquire a variety of nutrients, and tumor growth slows or stops if necessary metabolites are not obtained in sufficient quantities. Importantly, the metabolic demands of cancer cells can be different from those of untransformed cells, and nutrient accessibility in tumors is different than in many normal tissues. Thus, cancer cell survival and proliferation may be limited by different metabolic factors than those that are necessary to maintain noncancerous cells. Understanding the variables that dictate which nutrients are critical to sustain tumor growth may identify vulnerabilities that could be used to treat cancer. This review examines the various cell-autonomous, local, and systemic factors that determine which nutrients are limiting for tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Sullivan
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , MA , USA
| | - Matthew G Vander Heiden
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , MA , USA.,Dana-Farber Cancer Institute , Boston , MA , USA
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91
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Katta N, Estrada AD, McElroy AB, Gruslova A, Oglesby M, Cabe AG, Feldman MD, Fleming RYD, Brenner AJ, Milner TE. Laser brain cancer surgery in a xenograft model guided by optical coherence tomography. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:3555-3564. [PMID: 31281497 PMCID: PMC6587169 DOI: 10.7150/thno.31811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Higher precision surgical devices are needed for tumor resections near critical brain structures. The goal of this study is to demonstrate feasibility of a system capable of precise and bloodless tumor ablation. An image-guided laser surgical system is presented for excision of brain tumors in vivo in a murine xenograft model. The system combines optical coherence tomography (OCT) guidance with surgical lasers for high-precision tumor ablation (Er:YAG) and microcirculation coagulation (Thulium (Tm) fiber laser). Methods: A fluorescent human glioblastoma cell line was injected into mice and allowed to grow four weeks. Craniotomies were performed and tumors were imaged with confocal fluorescence microscopy. The mice were subsequently OCT imaged prior, during and after laser coagulation and/or ablation. The prior OCT images were used to compute three-dimensional tumor margin and angiography images, which guided the coagulation and ablation steps. Histology of the treated regions was then compared to post-treatment OCT images. Results: Tumor sizing based on OCT margin detection matched histology to within experimental error. Although fluorescence microscopy imaging showed the tumors were collocated with OCT imaging, margin assessment using confocal microscopy failed to see the extent of the tumor beyond ~ 250 µm in depth, as verified by OCT and histology. The two-laser approach to surgery utilizing Tm wavelength for coagulation and Er:YAG for ablation yielded bloodless resection of tumor regions with minimal residual damage as seen in histology. Conclusion: Precise and bloodless tumor resection under OCT image guidance is demonstrated in the murine xenograft brain cancer model. Tumor margins and vasculature are accurately made visible without need for exogenous contrast agents.
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92
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Sullivan MR, Danai LV, Lewis CA, Chan SH, Gui DY, Kunchok T, Dennstedt EA, Vander Heiden MG, Muir A. Quantification of microenvironmental metabolites in murine cancers reveals determinants of tumor nutrient availability. eLife 2019; 8:44235. [PMID: 30990168 PMCID: PMC6510537 DOI: 10.7554/elife.44235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 312] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cell metabolism is heavily influenced by microenvironmental factors, including nutrient availability. Therefore, knowledge of microenvironmental nutrient levels is essential to understand tumor metabolism. To measure the extracellular nutrient levels available to tumors, we utilized quantitative metabolomics methods to measure the absolute concentrations of >118 metabolites in plasma and tumor interstitial fluid, the extracellular fluid that perfuses tumors. Comparison of nutrient levels in tumor interstitial fluid and plasma revealed that the nutrients available to tumors differ from those present in circulation. Further, by comparing interstitial fluid nutrient levels between autochthonous and transplant models of murine pancreatic and lung adenocarcinoma, we found that tumor type, anatomical location and animal diet affect local nutrient availability. These data provide a comprehensive characterization of the nutrients present in the tumor microenvironment of widely used models of lung and pancreatic cancer and identify factors that influence metabolite levels in tumors. In the body, cancer cells can rely on different nutrients than normal cells, and they can use these nutrients in a different way. What cancer cells consume also depends on what is available in their immediate environment. In a tumor, cells grab nutrients from the ‘interstitial’ fluid that surrounds them, but what is present in this liquid may vary within tumors arising in different locations. Understanding what nutrients are ‘on the menu’ in specific tumors would help to target diseased cells while sparing healthy ones, but this knowledge has been difficult to obtain. To investigate this, Sullivan et al. used a technique called mass spectrometry to measure the amounts of 120 nutrients present in the interstitial fluid of mouse pancreas and lung tumors. Different levels of nutrients were found in the two types of tumors, and analyses showed that what was present in the interstitial fluid depended on the type of cancer cells, where the tumor was located, and what the animals ate. This suggests that cancer cells may have different needs because they are limited in what they have access to. It remains to be seen whether the nutrients levels found in mouse tumors are the same as those in humans. Armed with this knowledge, it may then be possible to feed cancer cells grown in the laboratory with the nutrient menu that they would have access to in the body. This could help identify new cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Sullivan
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States
| | - Laura V Danai
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, United States
| | - Caroline A Lewis
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States
| | - Sze Ham Chan
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States
| | - Dan Y Gui
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States
| | - Tenzin Kunchok
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States
| | - Emily A Dennstedt
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States
| | - Matthew G Vander Heiden
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States.,Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States
| | - Alexander Muir
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States.,Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
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93
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Prakash R, Izraely S, Thareja NS, Lee RH, Rappaport M, Kawaguchi R, Sagi-Assif O, Ben-Menachem S, Meshel T, Machnicki M, Ohe S, Hoon DS, Coppola G, Witz IP, Carmichael ST. Regeneration Enhances Metastasis: A Novel Role for Neurovascular Signaling in Promoting Melanoma Brain Metastasis. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:297. [PMID: 31024232 PMCID: PMC6465799 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural repair after stroke involves initiation of a cellular proliferative program in the form of angiogenesis, neurogenesis, and molecular growth signals in the surrounding tissue elements. This cellular environment constitutes a niche in which regeneration of new blood vessels and new neurons leads to partial tissue repair after stroke. Cancer metastasis has similar proliferative cellular events in the brain and other organs. Do cancer and CNS tissue repair share similar cellular processes? In this study, we identify a novel role of the regenerative neurovascular niche induced by stroke in promoting brain melanoma metastasis through enhancing cellular interactions with surrounding niche components. Repair-mediated neurovascular signaling induces metastatic cells to express genes crucial to metastasis. Mimicking stroke-like conditions in vitro displays an enhancement of metastatic migration potential and allows for the determination of cell-specific signals produced by the regenerative neurovascular niche. Comparative analysis of both in vitro and in vivo expression profiles reveals a major contribution of endothelial cells in mediating melanoma metastasis. These results point to a previously undiscovered role of the regenerative neurovascular niche in shaping the tumor microenvironment and brain metastatic landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshini Prakash
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Sivan Izraely
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nikita S Thareja
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Rex H Lee
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Maya Rappaport
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Riki Kawaguchi
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Orit Sagi-Assif
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shlomit Ben-Menachem
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tsipi Meshel
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michal Machnicki
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Shuichi Ohe
- Department of Translational Molecular Medicine, John Wayne Cancer Institute at Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, United States
| | - Dave S Hoon
- Department of Translational Molecular Medicine, John Wayne Cancer Institute at Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, United States
| | - Giovanni Coppola
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Isaac P Witz
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - S Thomas Carmichael
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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94
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Brown J, Christensen-Jeffries K, Harput S, Zhang G, Zhu J, Dunsby C, Tang MX, Eckersley RJ. Investigation of Microbubble Detection Methods for Super-Resolution Imaging of Microvasculature. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND FREQUENCY CONTROL 2019; 66:676-691. [PMID: 30676955 DOI: 10.1109/tuffc.2019.2894755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound super-resolution techniques use the response of microbubble (MB) contrast agents to visualize the microvasculature. Techniques that localize isolated bubble signals first require detection algorithms to separate the MB and tissue responses. This work explores the three main MB detection techniques for super-resolution of microvasculature. Pulse inversion (PI), differential imaging (DI), and singular value decomposition (SVD) filtering were compared in terms of the localization accuracy, precision, and contrast-to-tissue ratio. MB responses were simulated based on the properties of Sonovue and using the Marmottant model. Nonlinear propagation through tissue was modeled using the k-Wave software package. For the parameters studied, the results show that PI is most appropriate for low frequency applications, but also most dependent on transducer bandwidth. SVD is preferable for high frequency acquisition where localization precision on the order of a few microns is possible. PI is largely independent of flow direction and speed compared to SVD and DI, so is appropriate for visualizing the slowest flows and tortuous vasculature. SVD is unsuitable for stationary MBs and can introduce a localization error on the order of hundreds of microns over the speed range 0-2 mm/s and flow directions from lateral (parallel to probe) to axial (perpendicular to probe). DI is only suitable for flow rates >0.5 mm/s or as flow becomes more axial. Overall, this study develops an MB and tissue nonlinear simulation platform to improve understanding of how different MB detection techniques can impact the super-resolution process and explores some of the factors influencing the suitability of each.
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95
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Tumor Ensemble-Based Modeling and Visualization of Emergent Angiogenic Heterogeneity in Breast Cancer. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5276. [PMID: 30918274 PMCID: PMC6437174 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40888-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a critical need for new tools to investigate the spatio-temporal heterogeneity and phenotypic alterations that arise in the tumor microenvironment. However, computational investigations of emergent inter- and intra-tumor angiogenic heterogeneity necessitate 3D microvascular data from 'whole-tumors' as well as "ensembles" of tumors. Until recently, technical limitations such as 3D imaging capabilities, computational power and cost precluded the incorporation of whole-tumor microvascular data in computational models. Here, we describe a novel computational approach based on multimodality, 3D whole-tumor imaging data acquired from eight orthotopic breast tumor xenografts (i.e. a tumor 'ensemble'). We assessed the heterogeneous angiogenic landscape from the microvascular to tumor ensemble scale in terms of vascular morphology, emergent hemodynamics and intravascular oxygenation. We demonstrate how the abnormal organization and hemodynamics of the tumor microvasculature give rise to unique microvascular niches within the tumor and contribute to inter- and intra-tumor heterogeneity. These tumor ensemble-based simulations together with unique data visualization approaches establish the foundation of a novel 'cancer atlas' for investigators to develop their own in silico systems biology applications. We expect this hybrid image-based modeling framework to be adaptable for the study of other tissues (e.g. brain, heart) and other vasculature-dependent diseases (e.g. stroke, myocardial infarction).
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96
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Boardman R, Pang V, Malhi N, Lynch AP, Leach L, Benest AV, Bates DO, Machado MJC. Activation of Notch signaling by soluble Dll4 decreases vascular permeability via a cAMP/PKA-dependent pathway. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 316:H1065-H1075. [PMID: 30681366 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00610.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The Notch ligand delta-like ligand 4 (Dll4), upregulated by VEGF, is a key regulator of vessel morphogenesis and function, controlling tip and stalk cell selection during sprouting angiogenesis. Inhibition of Dll4 results in hypersprouting, nonfunctional, poorly perfused vessels, suggesting a role for Dll4 in the formation of mature, reactive, functional vessels, with low permeability and able to restrict fluid and solute exchange. We tested the hypothesis that Dll4 controls transvascular fluid exchange. A recombinant protein expressing only the extracellular portion of Dll4 [soluble Dll4 (sDll4)] induced Notch signaling in endothelial cells (ECs), resulting in increased expression of vascular-endothelial cadherin, but not the tight junctional protein zonula occludens 1, at intercellular junctions. sDll4 decreased the permeability of FITC-labeled albumin across EC monolayers, and this effect was abrogated by coculture with the γ-secretase inhibitor N-[N-(3,5-difluorophenacetyl)-l-alanyl]-S-phenylglycine t-butyl ester. One of the known molecular effectors responsible for strengthening EC-EC contacts is PKA, so we tested the effect of modulation of PKA on the sDll4-mediated reduction of permeability. Inhibition of PKA reversed the sDll4-mediated reduction in permeability and reduced expression of the Notch target gene Hey1. Knockdown of PKA reduced sDLL4-mediated vascular-endothelial cadherin junctional expression. sDll4 also caused a significant decrease in the hydraulic conductivity of rat mesenteric microvessels in vivo. This reduction was abolished upon coperfusion with the PKA inhibitor H89 dihydrochloride. These results indicate that Dll4 signaling through Notch activation acts through a cAMP/PKA pathway upon intercellular adherens junctions, but not tight junctions, to regulate endothelial barrier function. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Notch signaling reduces vascular permeability through stimulation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Boardman
- Cancer Biology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham , Nottingham , United Kingdom
| | - Vincent Pang
- Cancer Biology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham , Nottingham , United Kingdom
| | - Naseeb Malhi
- Cancer Biology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham , Nottingham , United Kingdom
| | - Amy P Lynch
- Cancer Biology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham , Nottingham , United Kingdom
| | - Lopa Leach
- Division of Physiology Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, The Medical School , Nottingham , United Kingdom
| | - Andrew V Benest
- Cancer Biology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham , Nottingham , United Kingdom.,The Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands, United Kingdom
| | - David O Bates
- Cancer Biology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham , Nottingham , United Kingdom.,The Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands, United Kingdom
| | - Maria J C Machado
- Cancer Biology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham , Nottingham , United Kingdom
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97
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Breckwoldt MO, Bode J, Sahm F, Krüwel T, Solecki G, Hahn A, Wirthschaft P, Berghoff AS, Haas M, Venkataramani V, von Deimling A, Wick W, Herold-Mende C, Heiland S, Platten M, Bendszus M, Kurz FT, Winkler F, Tews B. Correlated MRI and Ultramicroscopy (MR-UM) of Brain Tumors Reveals Vast Heterogeneity of Tumor Infiltration and Neoangiogenesis in Preclinical Models and Human Disease. Front Neurosci 2019; 12:1004. [PMID: 30686972 PMCID: PMC6335617 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.01004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse tumor infiltration into the adjacent parenchyma is an effective dissemination mechanism of brain tumors. We have previously developed correlated high field magnetic resonance imaging and ultramicroscopy (MR-UM) to study neonangiogenesis in a glioma model. In the present study we used MR-UM to investigate tumor infiltration and neoangiogenesis in a translational approach. We compare infiltration and neoangiogenesis patterns in four brain tumor models and the human disease: whereas the U87MG glioma model resembles brain metastases with an encapsulated growth and extensive neoangiogenesis, S24 experimental gliomas mimic IDH1 wildtype glioblastomas, exhibiting infiltration into the adjacent parenchyma and along white matter tracts to the contralateral hemisphere. MR-UM resolves tumor infiltration and neoangiogenesis longitudinally based on the expression of fluorescent proteins, intravital dyes or endogenous contrasts. Our study demonstrates the huge morphological diversity of brain tumor models regarding their infiltrative and neoangiogenic capacities and further establishes MR-UM as a platform for translational neuroimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael O Breckwoldt
- Neuroradiology Department, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julia Bode
- Schaller Research Group at the University of Heidelberg and the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Molecular Mechanisms of Tumor Invasion, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix Sahm
- Department of Neuropathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Krüwel
- Schaller Research Group at the University of Heidelberg and the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Molecular Mechanisms of Tumor Invasion, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gergely Solecki
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Within the DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Artur Hahn
- Neuroradiology Department, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Wirthschaft
- Schaller Research Group at the University of Heidelberg and the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Molecular Mechanisms of Tumor Invasion, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna S Berghoff
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Within the DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Haas
- Neuroradiology Department, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Varun Venkataramani
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Within the DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas von Deimling
- Department of Neuropathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wick
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Within the DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany.,Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christel Herold-Mende
- Division of Experimental Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabine Heiland
- Neuroradiology Department, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Platten
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Martin Bendszus
- Neuroradiology Department, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix T Kurz
- Neuroradiology Department, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Winkler
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Within the DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany.,Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Björn Tews
- Schaller Research Group at the University of Heidelberg and the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Molecular Mechanisms of Tumor Invasion, Heidelberg, Germany
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98
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Adabi S, Ghavami S, Fatemi M, Alizad A. Non-Local Based Denoising Framework for In Vivo Contrast-Free Ultrasound Microvessel Imaging. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 19:E245. [PMID: 30634614 PMCID: PMC6358982 DOI: 10.3390/s19020245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Vascular networks can provide invaluable information about tumor angiogenesis. Ultrafast Doppler imaging enables ultrasound to image microvessels by applying tissue clutter filtering methods on the spatio-temporal data obtained from plane-wave imaging. However, the resultant vessel images suffer from background noise that degrades image quality and restricts vessel visibilities. In this paper, we addressed microvessel visualization and the associated noise problem in the power Doppler images with the goal of achieving enhanced vessel-background separation. We proposed a combination of patch-based non-local mean filtering and top-hat morphological filtering to improve vessel outline and background noise suppression. We tested the proposed method on a flow phantom, as well as in vivo breast lesions, thyroid nodules, and pathologic liver from human subjects. The proposed non-local-based framework provided a remarkable gain of more than 15 dB, on average, in terms of contrast-to-noise and signal-to-noise ratios. In addition to improving visualization of microvessels, the proposed method provided high quality images suitable for microvessel morphology quantification that may be used for diagnostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Adabi
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine & Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Siavash Ghavami
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine & Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Mostafa Fatemi
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine & Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Azra Alizad
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine & Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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99
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Carcinogenesis: the cancer cell–mast cell connection. Inflamm Res 2018; 68:103-116. [DOI: 10.1007/s00011-018-1201-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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100
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Mussawy H, Viezens L, Schroeder M, Hettenhausen S, Sündermann J, Wellbrock J, Kossow K, Schaefer C. The bone microenvironment promotes tumor growth and tissue perfusion compared with striated muscle in a preclinical model of prostate cancer in vivo. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:979. [PMID: 30326868 PMCID: PMC6192198 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4905-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prostate cancer-related morbidity is associated with its preferential spread to the bone. Although the molecular interactions between the bone microenvironment and cancer cells have been researched extensively, the relevance of the microvascular properties of prostate cancer bone metastases remains largely unknown. Most preclinical studies focusing on microvascular analyses are based on heterotopic tumor implantation, whereas the impact of the microenvironment on site-specific growth behavior and angiogenesis is rarely addressed. Methods The microvascular changes associated with tumor growth in bone and soft tissue were characterized by implanting single cell suspensions of LnCap, Du145, and Pc3 cells into the femur (femur window) or striated muscle (dorsal skinfold chamber) of NSG mice. Tumor growth and the local microvasculature were analyzed for 21 days using intravital fluorescence microscopy. Results The results showed a higher engraftment of tumor cells in bone than in striated muscle associated with accelerated growth of LnCap cells and Pc3 cells. Permeability, blood flow, and tissue perfusion rates were greater in bone than in striated muscle. Du145 cells showed similar growth behavior in both tissues with similar vascular properties. The bone microenvironment facilitated tumor engraftment and growth. Increased microvascular density in striated muscle led to a higher tumor burden during early growth, whereas the increased perfusion promoted later prostate cancer growth in bone. Conclusions Monitoring prostate cancer microcirculation in bone and soft tissue may be useful to evaluate the organ-specific efficacy of new treatments. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-018-4905-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haider Mussawy
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Lennart Viezens
- Department of Trauma, Orthopaedic, and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Malte Schroeder
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Spine Surgery, Klinikum Bad Bramstedt, 24576, Bad Bramstedt, Germany
| | - Svenja Hettenhausen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jördis Sündermann
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jasmin Wellbrock
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation with Section Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kai Kossow
- Center of Psychosocial Medicine, Institute and Policlinics of Medical Psychology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Schaefer
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Spine Surgery, Klinikum Bad Bramstedt, 24576, Bad Bramstedt, Germany
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