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Zharichenko N, Njoku DB. The Role of Pro-Inflammatory and Regulatory Signaling by IL-33 in the Brain and Liver: A Focused Systematic Review of Mouse and Human Data and Risk of Bias Assessment of the Literature. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113933. [PMID: 32486265 PMCID: PMC7312033 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-33 is a member of the IL-1 family of proteins that have multiple roles in organ-specific inflammation. Many studies suggest diagnostic and therapeutic implications of this cytokine. Many studies have reported pro-inflammatory roles for IL-33 in innate immune responses involving the heart and lung. Recent studies also describe pro-inflammatory and regulatory roles for IL-33 in the pathogenesis of brain and liver disorders in addition to regulatory roles for this cytokine in the heart and lung. In this focused systematic review, we will review the literature regarding pro-inflammatory and regulatory effects of IL-33 in the brain and liver. We will also assess the potential risk of bias in the published literature in order to uncover gaps in the knowledge that will be useful for the scientific community. We utilized guidelines set by preferred reporting items for systemic reviews and meta-analyses. The electronic database was PubMed. Eligibility criteria included organ-specific inflammation in mice and humans, organ-specific inflammation in the central nervous and hepatic systems, and IL-33. Outcomes were pro-inflammatory or regulatory effects of IL-33. Risk of bias in individual studies and across studies was addressed by adapting the Cochrane Rob 2.0 tool. We discovered that a source of bias across the studies was a lack of randomization in human studies. Additionally, because the majority of studies were performed in mice, this could be perceived as a potential risk of bias. Regarding the central nervous system, roles for IL-33 in the development and maturation of neuronal circuits were reported; however, exact mechanisms by which this occurred were not elucidated. IL-33 was produced by astrocytes and endothelial cells while IL-33 receptors were expressed by microglia and astrocytes, demonstrating that these cells are first responders for IL-33; however, in the CNS, IL-33 seems to induce Th1 cytokines such as IL-1β and TNF-α chemokines such as RANTES, MCP-1, MIP-1α, and IP-10, as well as nitric oxide. In the liver, similar risks of bias were determined because of the lack of randomized controlled trials in humans and because the majority of studies were performed in mice. Interestingly, the strain of mouse utilized in the study seemed to affect the role of IL-33 in liver inflammation. Lastly, similar to the brain, IL-33 appeared to have ST2-independent regulatory functions in the liver. Our results reveal plausible gaps in what is known regarding IL-33 in the pathogenesis of brain and liver disorders. We highlight key studies in the lung and heart as examples of advancements that likely occurred because of countless basic and translational studies in this area. More research is needed in these areas in order to assess the diagnostic or therapeutic potential of IL-33 in these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nika Zharichenko
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA;
| | - Dolores B. Njoku
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, The Charlotte R. Bloomberg Childrens Center, 1800 Orleans Street, Suite 6349D, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-410-955-7610
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Gonzalez-Polo V, Pucci-Molineris M, Cervera V, Gambaro S, Yantorno SE, Descalzi V, Tiribelli C, Gondolesi GE, Meier D. Group 2 innate lymphoid cells exhibit progressively higher levels of activation during worsening of liver fibrosis. Ann Hepatol 2020; 18:366-372. [PMID: 31053540 DOI: 10.1016/j.aohep.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The interleukin-33/interleukin-13 pathway is involved in the immunopathology of liver fibrosis and recently characterized group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) were identified as profibrotic immune cells in the liver of mouse models. Our aim was to elucidate whether ILC2 might be present in human liver tissue and whether ILC2 contribute to liver fibrosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS To identify ILC2 in liver tissue and blood, we purified mononuclear immune cells from needle biopsies, cirrhotic explant specimen, and paired peripheral blood samples. Cell suspensions were incubated with specific markers for ILC2 and analyzed by flow cytometry. The CD69 marker was included to assess the activation level of ILC2. In addition, we determined the IL-33 plasma level. RESULTS Results were correlated with the METAVIR fibrotic score of patients enrolled in this study. We detected ILC2 in a higher percentage of CD45+ cells in liver tissue than in paired peripheral blood. The number of ILC2 was significantly increased in fibrotic tissue, but only slightly increased in paired peripheral blood. A higher percentage of CD69+ ILC2 was observed in fibrotic tissue, and this increase correlates positively with aggravation of liver fibrosis measured by fibrotic METAVIR score. A higher level of plasma IL-33 was only detected in samples obtained from cirrhotic patients. CONCLUSION Our study indicates that ILC2 are present in the human liver and are activated in tissue contributing to the immunopathology of human liver fibrosis, independently of the etiology; which might be a potential new therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Gonzalez-Polo
- Laboratorio de Investigación Traslacional e Inmunología Asociada al Trasplante, Instituto de Medicina Traslacional, Trasplante y Bioingeniería (IMeTTyB), Universidad Favaloro-CONICET, Buenos Aires, BA, Argentina; Instituto de Trasplante Multiórganico, Hospital Universitario Fundación Favaloro, Buenos Aires, BA, Argentina
| | - Melisa Pucci-Molineris
- Laboratorio de Investigación Traslacional e Inmunología Asociada al Trasplante, Instituto de Medicina Traslacional, Trasplante y Bioingeniería (IMeTTyB), Universidad Favaloro-CONICET, Buenos Aires, BA, Argentina; Instituto de Trasplante Multiórganico, Hospital Universitario Fundación Favaloro, Buenos Aires, BA, Argentina
| | - Victorio Cervera
- Instituto de Trasplante Multiórganico, Hospital Universitario Fundación Favaloro, Buenos Aires, BA, Argentina
| | - Sabrina Gambaro
- Laboratorio de Investigación Traslacional e Inmunología Asociada al Trasplante, Instituto de Medicina Traslacional, Trasplante y Bioingeniería (IMeTTyB), Universidad Favaloro-CONICET, Buenos Aires, BA, Argentina; Instituto de Trasplante Multiórganico, Hospital Universitario Fundación Favaloro, Buenos Aires, BA, Argentina
| | - Silvina E Yantorno
- Instituto de Trasplante Multiórganico, Hospital Universitario Fundación Favaloro, Buenos Aires, BA, Argentina
| | - Valeria Descalzi
- Instituto de Trasplante Multiórganico, Hospital Universitario Fundación Favaloro, Buenos Aires, BA, Argentina
| | | | - Gabriel E Gondolesi
- Laboratorio de Investigación Traslacional e Inmunología Asociada al Trasplante, Instituto de Medicina Traslacional, Trasplante y Bioingeniería (IMeTTyB), Universidad Favaloro-CONICET, Buenos Aires, BA, Argentina; Instituto de Trasplante Multiórganico, Hospital Universitario Fundación Favaloro, Buenos Aires, BA, Argentina
| | - Dominik Meier
- Laboratorio de Investigación Traslacional e Inmunología Asociada al Trasplante, Instituto de Medicina Traslacional, Trasplante y Bioingeniería (IMeTTyB), Universidad Favaloro-CONICET, Buenos Aires, BA, Argentina; Instituto de Trasplante Multiórganico, Hospital Universitario Fundación Favaloro, Buenos Aires, BA, Argentina.
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Kobari S, Kusakabe T, Momota M, Shibahara T, Hayashi T, Ozasa K, Morita H, Matsumoto K, Saito H, Ito S, Kuroda E, Ishii KJ. IL-33 Is Essential for Adjuvant Effect of Hydroxypropyl-β-Cyclodexrin on the Protective Intranasal Influenza Vaccination. Front Immunol 2020; 11:360. [PMID: 32210964 PMCID: PMC7069475 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccine adjuvants are traditionally used to augment and modulate the immunogenicity of vaccines, although in many cases it is unclear which specific molecules contribute to their stimulatory activity. We previously reported that both subcutaneous and intranasal administration of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD), a pharmaceutical excipient widely used to improve solubility, can act as an effective adjuvant for an influenza vaccine. However, the mechanisms by which mucosal immune pathway is critical for the intranasal adjuvant activity of HP-β-CD have not been fully delineated. Here, we show that intranasally administered HP-β-CD elicits a temporary release of IL-33 from alveolar epithelial type 2 cells in the lung; notably, IL-33 expression in these cells is not stimulated following the use of other vaccine adjuvants. The experiments using gene deficient mice suggested that IL-33/ST2 signaling is solely responsible for the adjuvant effect of HP-β-CD when it is administered intranasally. In contrast, the subcutaneous injection of HP-β-CD and the intranasal administration of alum, as a damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs)-inducing adjuvant, or cholera toxin, as a mucosal adjuvant, enhanced humoral immunity in an IL-33-independent manner, suggesting that the IL-33/ST2 pathway is unique to the adjuvanticity of intranasally administered HP-β-CD. Furthermore, the release of IL-33 was involved in the protective immunity against influenza virus infection which is induced by the intranasal administration of HP-β-CD-adjuvanted influenza split vaccine. In conclusion, our results suggest that an understanding of administration route- and tissue-specific immune responses is crucial for the design of unique vaccine adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Kobari
- Laboratory of Adjuvant Innovation, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takato Kusakabe
- Laboratory of Adjuvant Innovation, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Mock-up Vaccine Project, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Vaccine Science, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Momota
- Laboratory of Adjuvant Innovation, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Mock-up Vaccine Project, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan
| | - Takayuki Shibahara
- Laboratory of Adjuvant Innovation, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Mock-up Vaccine Project, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Vaccine Science, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoya Hayashi
- Laboratory of Adjuvant Innovation, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan.,Division of Vaccine Science, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Ozasa
- Laboratory of Adjuvant Innovation, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hideaki Morita
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Matsumoto
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Saito
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuichi Ito
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Etsushi Kuroda
- Laboratory of Adjuvant Innovation, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Mock-up Vaccine Project, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan.,Department of Immunology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Ken J Ishii
- Laboratory of Adjuvant Innovation, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Mock-up Vaccine Project, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Vaccine Science, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Division of Vaccine Science, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Cao S, Zhu L, Zhu C, Feng J, Yin J, Lu J, Xu Y, Yang H, Huang Y, Zhang Q. Helicobacter hepaticus infection-induced IL-33 promotes hepatic inflammation and fibrosis through ST2 signaling pathways in BALB/c mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 525:654-661. [PMID: 32122655 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.02.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
It has been documented that Helicobacter hepaticus (H. hepaticus) infection is linked to hepatic inflammation and fibrosis. Interleukin 33 (IL-33) is a cytokine involved in inflammatory and fibrotic diseases, but its relevance to H. hepaticus infection-induced liver inflammation and fibrosis is unknown. In this study, we found that the expression of IL-33 in mice liver was significantly induced by H. hepaticus infection at 24 weeks post infection (WPI). Immunohistochemistry analysis revealed that IL-33 was transferred from the nucleus to the cytoplasm due to infection. The quantitation of inflammatory cytokine and histopathology evaluation showed that IL-33 knockdown attenuated the H. hepaticus-induced hepatic inflammation and fibrosis. More importantly, H. hepaticus promoted the expression of the IL-33 receptor ST2 on cell surfaces, and the expression of ST2 then activated the expression nuclear factor-κB (p65), α-SMA, and Erk1/2. These observations provide novel insights into the pathogenic mechanism of hepatic inflammation and fibrosis during H. hepaticus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyang Cao
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liqi Zhu
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chen Zhu
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Feng
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China; Shanghai Lab Animal Research Center, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jun Yin
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jin Lu
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214064, China; Public Health Research Center, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, China; Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Yongliang Xu
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214064, China; Public Health Research Center, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, China; Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Haitao Yang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214064, China; Public Health Research Center, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, China; Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Yuzheng Huang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214064, China; Public Health Research Center, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, China; Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Quan Zhang
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.
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55
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Bhogal RH, Mirza DF, Afford SC, Mergental H. Biomarkers of Liver Injury during Transplantation in an Era of Machine Perfusion. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051578. [PMID: 32106626 PMCID: PMC7084877 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver ischaemia–reperfusion injury (IRI) is an intrinsic part of the transplantation process and damages the parenchymal cells of the liver including hepatocytes, endothelial cells and cholangiocytes. Many biomarkers of IRI have been described over the past two decades that have attempted to quantify the extent of IRI involving different hepatic cellular compartments, with the aim to allow clinicians to predict the suitability of donor livers for transplantation. The advent of machine perfusion has added an additional layer of complexity to this field and has forced researchers to re-evaluate the utility of IRI biomarkers in different machine preservation techniques. In this review, we summarise the current understanding of liver IRI biomarkers and discuss them in the context of machine perfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricky H. Bhogal
- National Institute for Health Research, Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Birmingham and University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (D.F.M.); (S.C.A.)
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- The Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London SW3 6JJ, UK
- Correspondence: (R.H.B.); (H.M.); Tel.: +44-20-7468-3000 (R.H.B.); +44-121-371-4638 (H.M.)
| | - Darius F. Mirza
- National Institute for Health Research, Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Birmingham and University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (D.F.M.); (S.C.A.)
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- Liver Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2TH, UK
| | - Simon C. Afford
- National Institute for Health Research, Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Birmingham and University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (D.F.M.); (S.C.A.)
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Hynek Mergental
- National Institute for Health Research, Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Birmingham and University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (D.F.M.); (S.C.A.)
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- Liver Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2TH, UK
- Correspondence: (R.H.B.); (H.M.); Tel.: +44-20-7468-3000 (R.H.B.); +44-121-371-4638 (H.M.)
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Messing M, Jan-Abu SC, McNagny K. Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells: Central Players in a Recurring Theme of Repair and Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1350. [PMID: 32079296 PMCID: PMC7072936 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are recently discovered innate counterparts to the well-established T helper cell subsets and are most abundant at barrier surfaces, where they participate in tissue homeostasis and inflammatory responses against invading pathogens. Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) share cytokine and transcription factor expression profiles with type-2 helper T cells and are primarily associated with immune responses against allergens and helminth infections. Emerging data, however, suggests that ILC2s are also key regulators in other inflammatory settings; both in a beneficial context, such as the establishment of neonatal immunity, tissue repair, and homeostasis, and in the context of pathological tissue damage and disease, such as fibrosis development. This review focuses on the interactions of ILC2s with stromal cells, eosinophils, macrophages, and T regulatory cells that are common to the different settings in which type-2 immunity has been explored. We further discuss how an understanding of these interactions can reveal new avenues of therapeutic tissue regeneration, where the role of ILC2s is yet to be fully established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melina Messing
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, The Biomedical Research Centre, 2222 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2B9, Canada;
| | - Sia Cecilia Jan-Abu
- Department of Medical Genetics and School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science and Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, The Biomedical Research Centre, 2222 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2B9, Canada;
| | - Kelly McNagny
- Department of Medical Genetics and School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science and Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, The Biomedical Research Centre, 2222 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2B9, Canada;
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Hepatic ILC2 activity is regulated by liver inflammation-induced cytokines and effector CD4 + T cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1071. [PMID: 31974518 PMCID: PMC6978388 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57985-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In immune-mediated hepatitis, type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) as well as effector CD4+ T cells have been shown to drive disease pathology. However, less is known about mechanisms involved in the regulation of ILC2 function during liver inflammation. We showed that in homeostasis, hepatic ILC2 constituted a very small population with a naive, inactive phenotype. During immune-mediated hepatitis, the cytokines IL-33 and IFNγ were expressed in liver tissue. IL-33 induced strong activation and expression of type 2 cytokines as well as IL-6 by hepatic ILC2 while IFNγ suppressed cytokine production. Interestingly, this inhibitory effect was overcome by IL-33. The phenotype of activated hepatic ILC2 were stable since they did not show functional plasticity in response to liver inflammation-induced cytokines. Moreover, hepatic ILC2 induced a Th2 phenotype in activated CD4+ T cells, which increased ILC2-derived cytokine expression via IL-2. In contrast, Th1 cells inhibited survival of ILC2 by production of IFNγ. Thus, hepatic ILC2 function is regulated by IL-33, IL-2, and IFNγ. While IL-33 and IL-2 support hepatic ILC2 activation, their inflammatory activity in immune-mediated hepatitis might be limited by infiltrating IFNγ-expressing Th1 cells.
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Dhar D, Baglieri J, Kisseleva T, Brenner DA. Mechanisms of liver fibrosis and its role in liver cancer. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2020; 245:96-108. [PMID: 31924111 PMCID: PMC7016420 DOI: 10.1177/1535370219898141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic fibrogenesis is a pathophysiological outcome of chronic liver injury hallmarked by excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins. Fibrosis is a dynamic process that involves cross-talk between parenchymal cells (hepatocytes), hepatic stellate cells, sinusoidal endothelial cells and both resident and infiltrating immune cells. In this review, we focus on key cell-types that contribute to liver fibrosis, cytokines, and chemokines influencing this process and what it takes for fibrosis to regress. We discuss how mitochondria and metabolic changes in hepatic stellate cells modulate the fibrogenic process. We also briefly review how the presence of fibrosis affects development of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debanjan Dhar
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jacopo Baglieri
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Tatiana Kisseleva
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - David A Brenner
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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Kamdem SD, Konhawa F, Kuemkon EM, Meyo Kamguia L, Tchanana GK, Nche F, Oumarou A, Hamza M, Ouratou Y, Tcheutchoua MN, Ghislain Essomba R, Ngogang MP, Kengne M, Netongo PM, Ondigui BE, Okomo Assoumou MC, Brombacher F, Nono JK. Negative Association of Interleukin-33 Plasma Levels and Schistosomiasis Infection in a Site of Polyparasitism in Rural Cameroon. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2827. [PMID: 31849991 PMCID: PMC6901687 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to investigate the association of plasma levels of IL-33, a mucosal alarmin known to elicit type-2 immunity, with infection and liver fibrosis profiles of school children from an endemic area for Schistosoma mansoni, malaria and hepatitis (B & C) in rural Cameroon. Methods: A cross-sectional study enrolling schoolchildren from 5 public schools was conducted. Single schistosomiasis, malaria and hepatitis infections or co-infections were assessed by kato katz, microscopy, and rapid diagnostic tests, respectively. Hepatic fibrosis was assessed by ultrasound according to WHO Niamey guidelines and plasma levels of Interleukin 33 were determined by ELISA. All statistics were performed using R studio software. Principal findings: We found a prevalence of 13.5% (37/275), 18.2% (50/275), and 8% (22/275), respectively for schistosomiasis, malaria and hepatitis (B or C) single infections. Only 7.6% (21/275) of co-infections were reported. Although Plasma IL-33 showed a minimal negative risk for schistosomiasis infection (AOR 0.99; 95% CI 0.97–1.01), S. mansoni infected participants had lower levels of plasma IL-33 (p = 0.003) which decreased significantly as eggs burdens increased (p = 0.01) with a negative Pearson coefficient of r = −0.22. Hepatic fibrosis occurred in 47.3% (130/275) of our study population independently from plasma levels of IL-33 (AOR 1.00; 95% CI 0.99–1.01). Conclusion/Significance: Our data failed to show an association between plasma IL-33 levels and liver disease but convincingly report on a negative association between plasma IL-33 levels and schistosomiasis infection and egg burden in school children from a polyparasitic schistosomiasis endemic area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Severin Donald Kamdem
- Division of Immunology, Health Science Faculty, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Cape Town Component, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cape Town, South Africa.,Immunology of Infectious Diseases Unit, South African Medical Research Centre, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Francis Konhawa
- School of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Central Africa, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Erve Martial Kuemkon
- School of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Central Africa, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Leonel Meyo Kamguia
- School of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Central Africa, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Gladys K Tchanana
- School of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Central Africa, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,CIAB EXACT Medical Laboratory, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Frungwa Nche
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | | | - Yasmine Ouratou
- Biotechnology Centre, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | - René Ghislain Essomba
- School of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Central Africa, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,National Public Health Laboratory, Ministry of Public Health, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | - Michel Kengne
- School of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Central Africa, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Palmer Masumbe Netongo
- Biotechnology Centre, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | | | - Frank Brombacher
- Division of Immunology, Health Science Faculty, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Cape Town Component, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cape Town, South Africa.,Immunology of Infectious Diseases Unit, South African Medical Research Centre, Cape Town, South Africa.,Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Justin Komguep Nono
- Division of Immunology, Health Science Faculty, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Cape Town Component, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cape Town, South Africa.,Immunology of Infectious Diseases Unit, South African Medical Research Centre, Cape Town, South Africa.,The Medical Research Centre, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plant Studies, Ministry of Scientific Research and Innovation, Yaoundé, Cameroon
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Weiskirchen R, Meurer SK, Liedtke C, Huber M. Mast Cells in Liver Fibrogenesis. Cells 2019; 8:E1429. [PMID: 31766207 PMCID: PMC6912398 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are immune cells of the myeloid lineage that are present in the connective tissue throughout the body and in mucosa tissue. They originate from hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow and circulate as MC progenitors in the blood. After migration to various tissues, they differentiate into their mature form, which is characterized by a phenotype containing large granules enriched in a variety of bioactive compounds, including histamine and heparin. These cells can be activated in a receptor-dependent and -independent manner. Particularly, the activation of the high-affinity immunoglobulin E (IgE) receptor, also known as FcεRI, that is expressed on the surface of MCs provoke specific signaling cascades that leads to intracellular calcium influx, activation of different transcription factors, degranulation, and cytokine production. Therefore, MCs modulate many aspects in physiological and pathological conditions, including wound healing, defense against pathogens, immune tolerance, allergy, anaphylaxis, autoimmune defects, inflammation, and infectious and other disorders. In the liver, MCs are mainly associated with connective tissue located in the surrounding of the hepatic arteries, veins, and bile ducts. Recent work has demonstrated a significant increase in MC number during hepatic injury, suggesting an important role of these cells in liver disease and progression. In the present review, we summarize aspects of MC function and mediators in experimental liver injury, their interaction with other hepatic cell types, and their contribution to the pathogenesis of fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, D-52074 Aachen, Germany;
| | - Steffen K. Meurer
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, D-52074 Aachen, Germany;
| | - Christian Liedtke
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, D-52074 Aachen, Germany;
| | - Michael Huber
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Immunology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
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61
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Burrows K, Ngai L, Wong F, Won D, Mortha A. ILC2 Activation by Protozoan Commensal Microbes. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194865. [PMID: 31574995 PMCID: PMC6801642 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are a member of the ILC family and are involved in protective and pathogenic type 2 responses. Recent research has highlighted their involvement in modulating tissue and immune homeostasis during health and disease and has uncovered critical signaling circuits. While interactions of ILC2s with the bacterial microbiome are rather sparse, other microbial members of our microbiome, including helminths and protozoans, reveal new and exciting mechanisms of tissue regulation by ILC2s. Here we summarize the current field on ILC2 activation by the tissue and immune environment and highlight particularly new intriguing pathways of ILC2 regulation by protozoan commensals in the intestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Burrows
- University of Toronto, Department of Immunology, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
| | - Louis Ngai
- University of Toronto, Department of Immunology, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
| | - Flora Wong
- University of Toronto, Department of Immunology, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
- Ranomics, Inc. Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada.
| | - David Won
- University of Toronto, Department of Immunology, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
| | - Arthur Mortha
- University of Toronto, Department of Immunology, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
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Nagira K, Taniguchi F, Nakamura K, Tokita Y, Tsuchiya N, Khine YM, Harada T. Tokishakuyakusan, a Kampo medicine, attenuates endometriosis-like lesions and hyperalgesia in murine with endometriosis-like symptoms. Am J Reprod Immunol 2019; 82:e13182. [PMID: 31446641 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM How are the effects of Tokishakuyakusan (TSS), a traditional Japanese medicine (Kampo) on murine endometriosis model? METHODS BALB/c mice were used for making the murine endometriosis model. Homogeneous uterus was surgically implanted with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in peritoneal cavity. We administered 2 weeks of TSS (1.0 g/kg) orally. Upon treatment completion, we performed the hot plate test for all mice and collected blood samples before sacrifice. Then, the endometriosis-like lesions and uteri in the abdominal cavity were harvested. Concentrations of several cytokines in sera and cyst fluids were measured using Bio-Plex Suspension Array System. IL-33 localization was determined by immunohistochemistry. Gene expression of inflammatory cytokines in the endometriosis-like lesions or the eutopic endometrium was evaluated by real-time RT-PCR. RESULTS After 14 days of TSS treatment, the numbers of endometriosis-like cysts and cyst weight were significantly decreased. In TSS-treated mice, the latency against heat stimuli was extended. Inflammatory cytokine concentrations in sera were not changed by TSS treatment. TSS intake decreased IL-33 mRNA expression in endometriosis-like lesions and led to the tendency of attenuation of the elevated IL-33 synthesis in the cyst fluids of lesions. CONCLUSION These results suggest the TSS ameliorated the hyperalgesia and lesion formation on the LPS-accelerated endometriosis-like model. TSS represents a possible ideal target of novel therapeutics for endometriosis patients with dysmenorrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Nagira
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Japan
| | - Fuminori Taniguchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Japan
| | - Kazuomi Nakamura
- Division of Laboratory Animal Science, Research Center for Bioscience and Technology, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Japan
| | - Yohei Tokita
- Kampo Research and Development Division, Tsumura & Co., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoko Tsuchiya
- Tsumura Kampo Research Laboratories, Kampo Research and Development Division, Tsumura & Co., Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yin Mon Khine
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Japan
| | - Tasuku Harada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Japan
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63
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Jeong HM, Kim DJ. Bone Diseases in Patients with Chronic Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4270. [PMID: 31480433 PMCID: PMC6747370 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a frequently observed complication in patients with chronic liver disease, particularly liver cirrhosis and cholestatic liver diseases. In addition, osteoporosis is critical in patients receiving a liver transplant. Nevertheless, few studies have evaluated bone diseases in patients with more frequently observed chronic liver disease, such as chronic viral hepatitis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and alcoholic liver disease. Osteoporosis is a disease caused by an imbalance in the activities of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Over the last few decades, many advances have improved our knowledge of the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. Importantly, activated immune cells affect the progression of osteoporosis, and chronic inflammation may exert an additional effect on the existing pathophysiology of osteoporosis. The microbiota of the intestinal tract may also affect the progression of bone loss in patients with chronic liver disease. Recently, studies regarding the effects of chronic inflammation on dysbiosis in bone diseases have been conducted. However, mechanisms underlying osteoporosis in patients with chronic liver disease are complex and precise mechanisms remain unknown. The following special considerations in patients with chronic liver disease are reviewed: bone diseases in patients who underwent a liver transplant, the association between chronic hepatitis B virus infection treatment and bone diseases, the association between sarcopenia and bone diseases in patients with chronic liver disease, and the association between chronic liver disease and avascular necrosis of the hip. Few guidelines are currently available for the management of low bone mineral density or bone diseases in patients with chronic liver disease. Due to increased life expectancy and therapeutic advances in chronic liver disease, the importance of managing osteoporosis and other bone diseases in patients with chronic liver disease is expected to increase. Consequently, specific guidelines need to be established in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae Min Jeong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24253, Korea
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24253, Korea
| | - Dong Joon Kim
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24253, Korea.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul 05355, Korea.
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64
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Barbier L, Ferhat M, Salamé E, Robin A, Herbelin A, Gombert JM, Silvain C, Barbarin A. Interleukin-1 Family Cytokines: Keystones in Liver Inflammatory Diseases. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2014. [PMID: 31507607 PMCID: PMC6718562 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The pyrogenic property being the first activity described, members of the interleukin-1 superfamily (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-18, and the newest members: IL-33, IL-36, IL-37, and IL-38) are now known to be involved in several inflammatory diseases such as obesity, atherosclerosis, cancer, viral and parasite infections, and auto-inflammatory syndromes as well as liver diseases. Inflammation processes are keystones of chronic liver diseases, of which the etiology may be viral or toxic, as in alcoholic or non-alcoholic liver diseases. Inflammation is also at stake in acute liver failure involving massive necrosis, and in ischemia-reperfusion injury in the setting of liver transplantation. The role of the IL-1 superfamily of cytokines and receptors in liver diseases can be either protective or pro-inflammatory, depending on timing and the environment. Our review provides an overview of current understanding of the IL-1 family members in liver inflammation, highlighting recent key investigations, and therapeutic perspectives. We have tried to apply the concept of trained immunity to liver diseases, based on the role of the members of the IL-1 superfamily, first of all IL-1β but also IL-18 and IL-33, in modulating innate lymphoid immunity carried by natural killer cells, innate lymphoid cells or innate T-αβ lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Barbier
- INSERM U1082, Poitiers, France.,Department of Digestive Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Trousseau University Hospital, Tours University, Tours, France
| | | | - Ephrem Salamé
- INSERM U1082, Poitiers, France.,Department of Digestive Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Trousseau University Hospital, Tours University, Tours, France
| | - Aurélie Robin
- INSERM U1082, Poitiers University Hospital, Poitiers, France
| | | | - Jean-Marc Gombert
- INSERM U1082, Poitiers, France.,Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Poitiers University Hospital, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Christine Silvain
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Poitiers University Hospital, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France
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Borger JG, Lau M, Hibbs ML. The Influence of Innate Lymphoid Cells and Unconventional T Cells in Chronic Inflammatory Lung Disease. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1597. [PMID: 31354734 PMCID: PMC6637857 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The lungs are continuously subjected to environmental insults making them susceptible to infection and injury. They are protected by the respiratory epithelium, which not only serves as a physical barrier but also a reactive one that can release cytokines, chemokines, and other defense proteins in response to danger signals, and can undergo conversion to protective mucus-producing goblet cells. The lungs are also guarded by a complex network of highly specialized immune cells and their mediators to support tissue homeostasis and resolve integrity deviation. This review focuses on specialized innate-like lymphocytes present in the lung that act as key sensors of lung insults and direct the pulmonary immune response. Included amongst these tissue-resident lymphocytes are innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), which are classified into five distinct subsets (natural killer, ILC1, ILC2, ILC3, lymphoid tissue-inducer cells), and unconventional T cells including natural killer T (NKT) cells, mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, and γδ-T cells. While ILCs and unconventional T cells together comprise only a small proportion of the total immune cells in the lung, they have been found to promote lung homeostasis and are emerging as contributors to a variety of chronic lung diseases including pulmonary fibrosis, allergic airway inflammation, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). A particularly intriguing trait of ILCs that has recently emerged is their plasticity and ability to alter their gene expression profiles and adapt their function in response to environmental cues. The malleable nature of these cells may aid in rapid responses to pathogen but may also have downstream pathological consequences. The role of ILC2s in Th2 allergic airway responses is becoming apparent but the contribution of other ILCs and unconventional T cells during chronic lung inflammation is poorly described. This review presents an overview of our current understanding of the involvement of ILCs and unconventional T cells in chronic pulmonary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica G Borger
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Maverick Lau
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Lung Health Research Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Margaret L Hibbs
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Mirea AM, Toonen EJM, van den Munckhof I, Munsterman ID, Tjwa ETTL, Jaeger M, Oosting M, Schraa K, Rutten JHW, van der Graaf M, Riksen NP, de Graaf J, Netea MG, Tack CJ, Chavakis T, Joosten LAB. Increased proteinase 3 and neutrophil elastase plasma concentrations are associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and type 2 diabetes. Mol Med 2019; 25:16. [PMID: 31046673 PMCID: PMC6498541 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-019-0084-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is becoming a major health problem worldwide. Inflammation plays an important role in disease pathogenesis and recent studies have shown a potential role for the neutrophil serine proteases (NSPs) proteinase-3 (PR3) and neutrophil elastase (NE) in NAFLD as well as an imbalance between NSPs and their natural inhibitor alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT). The aim of this study was to investigate whether PR3 and NE plasma concentrations are associated with NAFLD and/or type 2 diabetes. Methods To explore this hypothesis we used several cohorts: a cohort of 271 obese individuals with liver steatosis, a cohort of 41 patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD, a cohort of 401 obese type 2 diabetes patients and a cohort of 205 lean healthy controls; and measured PR3 and NE plasma concentrations. In addition, we measured AAT plasma concentrations in order to investigate if the ratios between NSPs and their natural inhibitor were altered in NAFLD and type 2 diabetes when compared to healthy controls. Results Our data shows an increase in PR3 and NE concentrations and a decrease in AAT concentrations in obese patients when compared to controls. Moreover, PR3 plasma concentrations are increased in patients with liver steatosis. Furthermore, PR3 and NE concentrations in the liver are associated with the advanced stages of NAFLD characterized by NASH and/ or liver fibrosis. Additionally, PR3 and NE concentrations were up-regulated in patients with type 2 diabetes when compared to lean and obese controls. Conclusion We conclude that circulating levels of NSPs associate with obesity-related metabolic disorders. Further research is needed to clearly establish the role of these proteases and investigate whether they could be used as non-invasive markers for NAFLD and/or type 2 diabetes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s10020-019-0084-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea-Manuela Mirea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Genetics, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Erik J M Toonen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,R&D Department, Hycult Biotechnology, Uden, The Netherlands
| | - Inge van den Munckhof
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Isabelle D Munsterman
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Eric T T L Tjwa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Jaeger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marije Oosting
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Kiki Schraa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Joost H W Rutten
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marinette van der Graaf
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Niels P Riksen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline de Graaf
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department for Genomics & Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Cees J Tack
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Triantafyllos Chavakis
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Carl-Gustav-Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus of TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany; and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany, Dresden, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Leo A B Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. .,Department of Medical Genetics, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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Loeuillard E, Fischbach SR, Gores GJ, Ilyas SI. Animal models of cholangiocarcinoma. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:982-992. [PMID: 29627364 PMCID: PMC6177316 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is an aggressive biliary tract malignancy with a poor overall prognosis. There is a critical need to develop effective targeted therapies for the treatment of this lethal disease. In an effort to address this challenge, preclinical in vivo studies have become paramount in understanding CCA carcinogenesis, progression, and therapy. Various CCA animal models exist including carcinogen-based models in which animals develop CCA after exposure to a carcinogen, genetically engineered mouse models in which genetic changes are induced in mice leading to CCA, murine syngeneic orthotopic models, as well as xenograft tumors derived from xenotransplantation of CCA cells, organoids, and patient-derived tissue. Each type has distinct advantages as well as shortcomings. In the ideal animal model of CCA, the tumor arises from the biliary tract in an immunocompetent host with a species-matched tumor microenvironment. Such a model would also be time-efficient, recapitulate the genetic and histopathological features of human CCA, and predict therapeutic response in humans. Recently developed biliary tract transduction and orthotopic syngeneic transplant mouse models encompass several of these elements. Herein, we review the different animal models of CCA, their advantages and deficiencies, as well as features which mimic human CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilien Loeuillard
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Samantha R Fischbach
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Gregory J Gores
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Sumera I Ilyas
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Biliary atresia (BA) is the most common cause of obstructive jaundice in infants. Although the Kasai procedure has greatly improved the prognosis, most patients still need liver transplantation (LT) for long-term survival. The pathogenesis of BA has not been fully clarified, and liver fibrosis in BA is far beyond biliary obstructive cirrhosis. DATA SOURCES Literature reviews were underwent through PubMed. Persistent inflammation, immune response, biliary epithelial-mesenchymal transition, matrix deposition, decompensated angiogenesis, and unique biliary structure development all contribute to the fibrosis process. Observed evidences in such fields have been collected and form the backbone of this review. RESULTS Interactions of the multiple pathways accelerate this process. CONCLUSIONS Understanding the mechanisms of the liver fibrosis in BA may pave the way to improved survival after the Kasai procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jun Shen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Gong Chen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Shan Zheng
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 201102, China.
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Elevation of IL-6 and IL-33 Levels in Serum Associated with Lung Fibrosis and Skeletal Muscle Wasting in a Bleomycin-Induced Lung Injury Mouse Model. Mediators Inflamm 2019; 2019:7947596. [PMID: 31049028 PMCID: PMC6458868 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7947596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Weight loss due to skeletal muscle atrophy in patients with chronic pulmonary disease is negatively correlated with clinical outcome. Pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic and progressive interstitial lung disease characterized by the dysregulated deposition of the extracellular matrix (ECM) with the destruction of normal tissue, resulting in end-stage organ failure. BLM-induced fibrosis is one of several different experimental models of pulmonary fibrosis, characterized by inflammation and excessive ECM deposition. We directly induced mouse lung injury by the intratracheal administration of bleomycin and monitored the physiological and biochemical changes in lung and skeletal muscle tissues by using lung function testing, ELISA, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. Here, we found that BLM-induced lung fibrosis with thickened interstitial lung tissue, including fibronectin and collagen, was correlated with the increased serum concentrations of IL-6 and IL-33 and accompanied by reduced lung function, including FRC (functional residual capacity), C chord (lung compliance), IC (inspiratory capacity), VC (vital capacity), TLC (total lung capacity), and FVC (forced vital capacity) (p < 0.05). The activity of AKT in lung tissue was suppressed, but conversely, the activity of STAT3 was enhanced during lung fibrosis in mice. In addition, we found that the amount of sST2, the soluble form of the IL-33 receptor, was dramatically decreased in lung fibrosis tissues. The skeletal muscle tissue isolated from lung injury mice increased the activation of STAT3 and AMPK, accompanied by an increased amount of Atrogin-1 protein in BLM-induced lung fibrosis mice. The mouse myoblast cell-based model showed that IL-6 and IL-33 specifically activated STAT3 and AMPK signaling, respectively, to induce the expression of the muscle-specific proteolysis markers MuRF1 and Atrogin-1. These data suggested that increased levels of IL-6 and IL-33 in the serum of mice with BLM-induced lung injury may cause lung fibrosis with thickened interstitial lung tissue accompanied by reduced lung function and muscle mass through the activation of STAT3 and AMPK signals.
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Liu Q, Dwyer GK, Zhao Y, Li H, Mathews LR, Chakka AB, Chandran UR, Demetris JA, Alcorn JF, Robinson KM, Ortiz LA, Pitt BR, Thomson AW, Fan MH, Billiar TR, Turnquist HR. IL-33-mediated IL-13 secretion by ST2+ Tregs controls inflammation after lung injury. JCI Insight 2019; 4:123919. [PMID: 30779711 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.123919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome is an often fatal disease that develops after acute lung injury and trauma. How released tissue damage signals, or alarmins, orchestrate early inflammatory events is poorly understood. Herein we reveal that IL-33, an alarmin sequestered in the lung epithelium, is required to limit inflammation after injury due to an unappreciated capacity to mediate Foxp3+ Treg control of local cytokines and myeloid populations. Specifically, Il33-/- mice are more susceptible to lung damage-associated morbidity and mortality that is typified by augmented levels of the proinflammatory cytokines and Ly6Chi monocytes in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Local delivery of IL-33 at the time of injury is protective but requires the presence of Treg cells. IL-33 stimulates both mouse and human Tregs to secrete IL-13. Using Foxp3Cre × Il4/Il13fl/fl mice, we show that Treg expression of IL-13 is required to prevent mortality after acute lung injury by controlling local levels of G-CSF, IL-6, and MCP-1 and inhibiting accumulation of Ly6Chi monocytes. Our study identifies a regulatory mechanism involving IL-33 and Treg secretion of IL-13 in response to tissue damage that is instrumental in limiting local inflammatory responses and may shape the myeloid compartment after lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Liu
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute.,Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Southern University of Science and Technology School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Gaelen K Dwyer
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute.,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yifei Zhao
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute.,Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Huihua Li
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | | | | | | | - Jake A Demetris
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute.,Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - John F Alcorn
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Luis A Ortiz
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Heath, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Bruce R Pitt
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Heath, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Angus W Thomson
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute.,Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ming-Hui Fan
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Timothy R Billiar
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hēth R Turnquist
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute.,Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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71
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Xie C, Zhu J, Wang X, Chen J, Geng S, Wu J, Zhong C, Li X. Tobacco smoke induced hepatic cancer stem cell-like properties through IL-33/p38 pathway. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2019; 38:39. [PMID: 30691509 PMCID: PMC6350284 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1052-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tobacco smoke (TS) critically contributes to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) induced by TS is an early event in the initiation of carcinogenesis. Tumor specific microenvironment including inflammatory factors is key mediator for maintaining the stemness of CSCs through various pathways such as p38 MAPK. However, the mechanisms of inflammatory factors in TS-induced acquisition of liver CSCs properties remain undefined. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of IL-33/p38 axis in long term TS-induced acquisition of hepatic CSCs properties in mouse liver tissues and human liver cells. METHODS BALB/c mice were exposed to TS for 12 weeks, along with or without 1 mg/kg SB203580 (p38 inhibitors) treatment. Histopathological analysis, alterations in the levels of IL-33, liver CSCs markers, EMT-like changes and p38 MAPK activation in liver tissues of mice were analyzed by immunohistochemical staining, immunofluorescence assay and Western blot analysis. Moreover, LO2 immortalized human liver cells were exposed to cigarette smoke extract (CSE) and the tumorsphere formation ability was determined. LO2 cells were further treated with IL-33 or CSE and the expression of phosphorylated p38, liver CSCs markers and EMT-related proteins was examined. RESULTS Long term TS exposure increased the levels of CSCs markers, induced epithelial-to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and inflammatory factor IL-33 expression. Moreover, we showed that p38 MAPK modulated TS-stimulated hepatic CSC-like properties, as evidenced by the findings that long term TS exposure activated p38, and that TS-induced stemness was abolished by p38 inhibition. In addition, data from in vitro model showed that similar to cigarette smoke extract (CSE), IL-33 treatment promoted the activation of p38, increased the levels of liver CSCs markers expression and EMT-like changes. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these data suggested that IL-33/p38 axis plays an important role in long term TS exposure-induced acquisition of hepatic CSC-like properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunfeng Xie
- Department of Toxicology and Nutritional Science, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Ave, Jiangning, Nanjing, 211166 Jiangsu China
| | - Jianyun Zhu
- Suzhou Digestive Diseases and Nutrition Research Center, North District of Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 242 Guangji Road, Suzhou, 215008 Jiangsu China
| | - Xueqi Wang
- Department of Toxicology and Nutritional Science, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Ave, Jiangning, Nanjing, 211166 Jiangsu China
| | - Jiaqi Chen
- Department of Toxicology and Nutritional Science, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Ave, Jiangning, Nanjing, 211166 Jiangsu China
| | - Shanshan Geng
- Department of Toxicology and Nutritional Science, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Ave, Jiangning, Nanjing, 211166 Jiangsu China
| | - Jieshu Wu
- Department of Toxicology and Nutritional Science, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Ave, Jiangning, Nanjing, 211166 Jiangsu China
| | - Caiyun Zhong
- Department of Toxicology and Nutritional Science, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Ave, Jiangning, Nanjing, 211166 Jiangsu China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166 China
| | - Xiaoting Li
- Department of Toxicology and Nutritional Science, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Ave, Jiangning, Nanjing, 211166 Jiangsu China
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72
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Cui G, Ren J, Xu G, Li Z, Zheng W, Yuan A. Cellular and clinicopathological features of the IL-33/ST2 axis in human esophageal squamous cell carcinomas. Cancer Cell Int 2018; 18:203. [PMID: 30559604 PMCID: PMC6290492 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-018-0700-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Emerging evidence has suggested that interleukin (IL)-33 and its primary functional receptor ST2 are involved in the pathogenesis of tumorigenesis. Methods Using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and double immunofluorescence staining, we characterized the cellular and clinicopathological features of the IL-33/ST2 axis in different compartments in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) surgical specimens. Results IHC data revealed an increased expression of IL-33-immunoreactivity (IR) and ST2-IR located in both ESCC cells and tumor stromal cells; which were associated with advanced clinicopathological features such as TNM stages and node involvement. However, the Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that densities of neither IL-33 positive nor ST2 positive cells in both the ESCC mass and stroma were associated with the overall survival rate in patients with ESCC. Double immunofluorescence staining for cellular feature analysis demonstrated that these IL-33 positive and ST2 positive cells in ESCCs were with a high proliferation rate, and IL-33-IR was frequently co-expressed with ST2-IR in both ESCC and stromal cells. Conclusion Significant altered cellular features of the IL-33/ST2 axis in ESCCs were associated with advanced clinicopathological variables. The data suggest that the IL-33/ST2 axis might be involved in the progression of human ESCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanglin Cui
- 1Research Group of Gastrointestinal Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan China.,2Faculty of Health Science, Nord University, Campus Levanger, Levanger, Norway
| | - Jingli Ren
- 3Department of Pathology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan China
| | - Gang Xu
- 1Research Group of Gastrointestinal Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan China
| | - Zhenfeng Li
- 1Research Group of Gastrointestinal Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan China
| | - Wei Zheng
- 1Research Group of Gastrointestinal Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan China
| | - Aping Yuan
- 1Research Group of Gastrointestinal Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan China.,4Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
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73
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Sun Z, Chang B, Huang A, Hao S, Gao M, Sun Y, Shi M, Jin L, Zhang W, Zhao J, Teng G, Han L, Tian H, Liang Q, Zhang JY, Zou Z. Plasma levels of soluble ST2, but not IL-33, correlate with the severity of alcoholic liver disease. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 23:887-897. [PMID: 30478965 PMCID: PMC6349182 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a complication that is a burden on global health and economy. Interleukin‐33 (IL‐33) is a newly identified member of the IL‐1 cytokine family and is released as an “alarmin” during inflammation. Soluble suppression of tumourigenicity 2 (sST2), an IL‐33 decoy receptor, has been reported as a new biomarker for the severity of systemic and highly inflammatory diseases. Here, we found the levels of plasma sST2, increased with the disease severity from mild to severe ALD. Importantly, the plasma sST2 levels in ALD patients not only correlated with scores for prognostic models (Maddrey's discriminant function, model for end‐stage liver disease and Child‐Pugh scores) and indexes for liver function (total bilirubin, international normalized ratio, albumin, and cholinesterase) but also correlated with neutrophil‐associated factors as well as some proinflammatory cytokines. In vitro, lipopolysaccharide‐activated monocytes down‐regulated transmembrane ST2 receptor but up‐regulated sST2 mRNA and protein expression and produced higher levels of tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α). By contrast, monocytes pretreated with recombinant sST2 showed decreased TNF‐α production. In addition, although plasma IL‐33 levels were comparable between healthy controls and ALD patients, we found the IL‐33 expression in liver tissues from ALD patients was down‐regulated at both RNA and protein levels. Immunohistochemical staining further showed that the decreased of IL‐33‐positive cells were mainly located in liver lobule area. These results suggested that sST2, but not IL‐33, is closely related to the severity of ALD. Consequently, sST2 could be used as a potential biomarker for predicting the prognosis of ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Sun
- Center of Non-infectious Liver Diseases, Peking University 302 Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Binxia Chang
- Center of Non-infectious Liver Diseases, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ang Huang
- Center of Non-infectious Liver Diseases, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shuli Hao
- Center of Non-infectious Liver Diseases, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Miaomiao Gao
- Center of Non-infectious Liver Diseases, Peking University 302 Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Center of Non-infectious Liver Diseases, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Shi
- Treatment and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Jin
- Treatment and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Center of Non-infectious Liver Diseases, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Center of Non-infectious Liver Diseases, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Guangju Teng
- Center of Non-infectious Liver Diseases, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Han
- Center of Non-infectious Liver Diseases, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Tian
- Center of Non-infectious Liver Diseases, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qingsheng Liang
- Center of Non-infectious Liver Diseases, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ji-Yuan Zhang
- Treatment and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengsheng Zou
- Center of Non-infectious Liver Diseases, Peking University 302 Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China
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74
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Kotsiou OS, Gourgoulianis KI, Zarogiannis SG. IL-33/ST2 Axis in Organ Fibrosis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2432. [PMID: 30405626 PMCID: PMC6207585 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 33 (IL-33) is highly expressed in barrier sites, acting via the suppression of tumorigenicity 2 receptor (ST2). IL-33/ST2 axis has long been known to play a pivotal role in immunity and cell homeostasis by promoting wound healing and tissue repair. However, it is also involved in the loss of balance between extensive inflammation and tissue regeneration lead to remodeling, the hallmark of fibrosis. The aim of the current review is to critically evaluate the available evidence regarding the role of the IL-33/ST2 axis in organ fibrosis. The role of the axis in tissue remodeling is better understood considering its crucial role reported in organ development and regeneration. Generally, the IL-33/ST2 signaling pathway has mainly anti-inflammatory/anti-proliferative effects; however, chronic tissue injury is responsible for pro-fibrogenetic responses. Regarding pulmonary fibrosis mature IL-33 enhances pro-fibrogenic type 2 cytokine production in an ST2- and macrophage-dependent manner, while full-length IL-33 is also implicated in the pulmonary fibrotic process in an ST2-independent, Th2-independent fashion. In liver fibrosis, evidence indicate that when acute and massive liver damage occurs, the release of IL-33 might act as an activator of tissue-protective mechanisms, while in cases of chronic injury IL-33 plays the role of a hepatic fibrotic factor. IL-33 signaling has also been involved in the pathogenesis of acute and chronic pancreatitis. Moreover, IL-33 could be used as an early marker for ulcer-associated activated fibroblasts and myofibroblast trans-differentiation; thus one cannot rule out its potential role in inflammatory bowel disease-associated fibrosis. Similarly, the upregulation of the IL-33/ST2 axismay contribute to tubular cell injury and fibrosis via epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) of various cell types in the kidneys. Of note, IL-33 exerts a cardioprotective role via ST2 signaling, while soluble ST2 has been demonstrated as a marker of myocardial fibrosis. Finally, IL-33 is a crucial cytokine in skin pathology responsible for abnormal fibroblast proliferation, leukocyte infiltration and morphologic differentiation of human endothelial cells. Overall, emerging data support a novel contribution of the IL-33/ST2 pathway in tissue fibrosis and highlight the significant role of the Th2 pattern of immune response in the pathophysiology of organ fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ourania S. Kotsiou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, BIOPOLIS, Larissa, Greece
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, BIOPOLIS, Larissa, Greece
| | - Konstantinos I. Gourgoulianis
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, BIOPOLIS, Larissa, Greece
| | - Sotirios G. Zarogiannis
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, BIOPOLIS, Larissa, Greece
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, BIOPOLIS, Larissa, Greece
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75
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Zeng Q, Sun X, Xiao L, Xie Z, Bettini M, Deng T. A Unique Population: Adipose-Resident Regulatory T Cells. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2075. [PMID: 30323806 PMCID: PMC6172295 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T (Treg) cell is well known for its anti-inflammatory function in a variety of tissues in health and disease. Accordingly, Treg cells that reside in adipose tissue exhibit specific phenotypes. Their numbers are regulated by age, gender and environmental factors, such as diet and cold stimulation. Adipose-resident Treg cells have been suggested to be critical regulators of immune and metabolic microenvironment in adipose tissue, as well as involved in pathogenesis of obesity-related metabolic disorders. This review surveys existing information on adipose-resident Treg cells. We first describe the origin, phenotype and function of adipose-resident Treg cells. We then describe the major regulators of adipose-resident Treg cells, and discuss how the adipose-resident Treg cells are regulated in lean and obese conditions, especially in humans. Finally, we highlight their therapeutic potential in obesity-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zeng
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Sun
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Central South University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
| | - Liuling Xiao
- Center for Bioenergetics, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Zhiguo Xie
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Maria Bettini
- Section of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, McNair Medical Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Tuo Deng
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Central South University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China.,Center for Bioenergetics, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
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76
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Role of hepatic stellate cell (HSC)-derived cytokines in hepatic inflammation and immunity. Cytokine 2018; 124:154542. [PMID: 30241896 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In their quiescent state, Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), are present in the sub-endothelial space of Disse and have minimal interaction with immune cells. However, upon activation following injury, HSCs directly or indirectly interact with various immune cells that enter the space of Disse and thereby regulate diverse hepatic function and immune physiology. Other than the normal physiological functions of HSCs such as hepatic homeostasis, maturation and differentiation, they also participate in hepatic inflammation by releasing a battery of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines and interacting with other liver cells. Here, we have reviewed the role of HSC in the pathogenesis of liver inflammation and some infectious diseases in order to understand how the interplay between immune cells and HSCs regulates the overall outcome and disease pathology.
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77
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NLRP3 Inflammasome and IL-33: Novel Players in Sterile Liver Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092732. [PMID: 30213101 PMCID: PMC6163521 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In sterile liver inflammation, danger signals are released in response to tissue injury to alert the immune system; e.g., by activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Recently, IL-33 has been identified as a novel type of danger signal or “alarmin”, which is released from damaged and necrotic cells. IL-33 is a pleiotropic cytokine that targets a broad range of immune cells and exhibits pro- and anti-inflammatory properties dependent on the disease. This review summarizes the immunomodulatory roles of the NLRP3 inflammasome and IL-33 in sterile liver inflammation and highlights potential therapeutic strategies targeting these pathways in liver disease.
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78
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Shen Y, Li J, Wang SQ, Jiang W. Ambiguous roles of innate lymphoid cells in chronic development of liver diseases. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:1962-1977. [PMID: 29760540 PMCID: PMC5949710 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i18.1962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are defined as a distinct arm of innate immunity. According to their profile of secreted cytokines and lineage-specific transcriptional factors, ILCs can be categorized into the following three groups: group 1 ILCs (including natural killer (NK) cells and ILC1s) are dependent on T-bet and can produce interferon-γ; group 2 ILCs (ILC2s) are dependent on GATA3 and can produce type 2 cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-5 and IL-13; and, group 3 ILCs (including lymphoid tissue-like cells and ILC3s) are dependent on RORγt and can produce IL-22 and IL-17. Collaborative with adaptive immunity, ILCs are highly reactive innate effectors that promptly orchestrate immunity, inflammation and tissue repair. Dysregulation of ILCs might result in inflammatory disorders. Evidence regarding the function of intrahepatic ILCs is emerging from longitudinal studies of inflammatory liver diseases wherein they exert both physiological and pathological functions, including immune homeostasis, defenses and surveillance. Their overall effect on the liver depends on the balance of their proinflammatory and antiinflammatory populations, specific microenvironment and stages of immune responses. Here, we review the current data about ILCs in chronic liver disease progression, to reveal their roles in different stages as well as to discuss their therapeutic potency as intervention targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Si-Qi Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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79
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Mirea AM, Tack CJ, Chavakis T, Joosten LAB, Toonen EJM. IL-1 Family Cytokine Pathways Underlying NAFLD: Towards New Treatment Strategies. Trends Mol Med 2018; 24:458-471. [PMID: 29665983 PMCID: PMC5939989 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease worldwide. Pathways responsible for the activation of IL-1 family cytokines are key in the development of NAFLD but underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Many studies have focused on the inflammasome-caspase-1 pathway and have shown that this pathway is an important inducer of inflammation in NAFLD. However, this pathway is not solely responsible for the activation of proinflammatory cytokines. Also, neutrophil serine proteases (NSPs) are capable of activating cytokines and recent studies reported that these proteases also contribute to NAFLD. These studies provided, for the first time, evidence that this inflammasome-independent pathway is involved in NAFLD. In our opinion, these new insights open up new approaches for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea-Manuela Mirea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Cees J Tack
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Triantafyllos Chavakis
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Clinic Carl-Gustav-Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Leo A B Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Erik J M Toonen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; R&D Department, Hycult Biotech, Uden, The Netherlands.
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80
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Vasseur P, Dion S, Filliol A, Genet V, Lucas-Clerc C, Jean-Philippe G, Silvain C, Lecron JC, Piquet-Pellorce C, Samson M. Endogenous IL-33 has no effect on the progression of fibrosis during experimental steatohepatitis. Oncotarget 2018; 8:48563-48574. [PMID: 28611297 PMCID: PMC5564708 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-33 has been recently reported to be strongly pro-fibrogenic in various models of liver disease. Our aim was to study the role of endogenous IL-33 in a diet-induced model of steatohepatitis. IL-33 deficient mice and wild type (WT) littermates received a high-fat diet (HFD), or a standard diet for 12 weeks. The HFD-induced steatohepatitis was associated with an upregulation of IL-33 transcripts and protein. An insulin tolerance test revealed lower systemic insulin sensitivity in IL-33-/—HFD mice than in WT-HFD mice. Nevertheless, IL-33 deficiency did not affect the severity of liver inflammation by histological and transcriptomic analyses, nor the quantity of liver fibrosis. Livers from HFD mice had more myeloid populations, markedly fewer NKT cells and higher proportion of ST2+ Treg cells and ST2+ type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2), all unaffected by IL-33 deficiency. In conclusion, deficiency of endogenous IL-33 does not affect the evolution of experimental diet-induced steatohepatitis towards liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Vasseur
- Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie, Centre Hospitalier Nord Deux-Sèvres, Thouars, France.,Laboratoire Inflammation Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Sarah Dion
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut de Recherche Santé Environnement & Travail, Université de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Aveline Filliol
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut de Recherche Santé Environnement & Travail, Université de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Valentine Genet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut de Recherche Santé Environnement & Travail, Université de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Catherine Lucas-Clerc
- Service de Biochimie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Rennes, Université de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Girard Jean-Philippe
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Christine Silvain
- Laboratoire Inflammation Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France.,Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Jean-Claude Lecron
- Laboratoire Inflammation Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France.,Service d'Immunologie et Inflammation, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Claire Piquet-Pellorce
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut de Recherche Santé Environnement & Travail, Université de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Michel Samson
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut de Recherche Santé Environnement & Travail, Université de Rennes, Rennes, France
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81
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Wei ZH, Li YY, Huang SQ, Tan ZQ. Genetic variants in IL-33/ST2 pathway with the susceptibility to hepatocellular carcinoma in a Chinese population. Cytokine 2018; 118:124-129. [PMID: 29656959 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-33/ST2 pathway plays a pivotal role in tumorigenesis through influencing cancer stemness, tumor growth, metastasis, angiogenesis, and accumulation of regulatory T cells in tumor microenvironments. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of IL-33 rs7025417 and ST2 rs3821204 with the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Genotyping of IL-33 rs7025417 and ST2 rs3821204 was carried out using a Taqman assay. IL-33 and ST2 mRNA was examined using real-time PCR and plasma IL-33 and sST2 levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The ST2 rs3821204 CC genotype was associated with a significantly increased risk of HCC (CC vs. GG: adjusted OR = 2.29, 95% CI, 1.39-3.78; dominant model: adjusted OR = 1.58, 95% CI, 1.12-2.23; recessive model: adjusted OR = 1.88, 95% CI, 1.21-2.93; C vs. G: adjusted OR = 1.53, 95% CI, 1.20-1.95). Gene-environment interaction analysis showed that the risk effect of rs3821204 CG/CC genotypes was more evident in smokers (adjusted OR = 1.70, 95% CI, 1.13-2.55) and drinkers (adjusted OR = 1.57, 95% CI, 1.04-2.37). The increased risk was also observed in combined analysis. Moreover, HCC patients with ST2 rs3821204 CC genotype had higher levels of mRNA and protein expression (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that ST2 rs3821204 CC genotype may contribute to hepatocarcinogenesis by enhancing ST2 production at the transcriptional and translational level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Heng Wei
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi, China.
| | - Yue-Yong Li
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi, China
| | - Shi-Qing Huang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhong-Qiu Tan
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi, China
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82
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ILC2s in infectious diseases and organ-specific fibrosis. Semin Immunopathol 2018; 40:379-392. [PMID: 29623414 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-018-0677-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 immune responses evolved to provide host protection against parasitic infections and to support the repair of infection-induced tissue injury. However, persistent chronic organ damage can result in dysregulated production of critical type 2 cytokines supporting tissue remodeling and fibrosis development. Recently, group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) were newly described as central innate mediators of type 2 responses. In particular, by secretion of the cytokines IL-5, IL-9, and IL-13 and the growth factor amphiregulin in response to the release of tissue-derived alarmins, ILC2s have been shown to substantially contribute to both the dismissal of metazoan parasites and the repair of infection-dependent or sterile tissue damage. Conversely, cytokine production by ILC2s emerged as a driving force for tissue remodeling and excessive fibrosis in several organ systems including the lung, liver, and skin. In this review, we discuss how ILC2s are specifically implicated in the body's immune response to different pathogenic infections and how dysregulated ILC2s may promote organ-specific fibrosis.
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83
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Chen Y, Yousaf MN, Mehal WZ. Role of sterile inflammation in fatty liver diseases. LIVER RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livres.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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84
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He X, Xie J, Wang Y, Fan X, Su Q, Sun Y, Lei N, Zhang D, Gao G, Pan W. Down-regulation of microRNA-203-3p initiates type 2 pathology during schistosome infection via elevation of interleukin-33. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1006957. [PMID: 29554131 PMCID: PMC5875897 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The type 2 immune response is the central mechanism of disease progression in schistosomiasis, but the signals that induce it after infection remain elusive. Aberrant microRNA (miRNA) expression is a hallmark of human diseases including schistosomiasis, and targeting the deregulated miRNA can mitigate disease outcomes. Here, we demonstrate that efficient and sustained elevation of miR-203-3p in liver tissues, using the highly hepatotropic recombinant adeno-associated virus serotype 8 (rAAV8), protects mice against lethal schistosome infection by alleviating hepatic fibrosis. We show that miR-203-3p targets interleukin-33 (IL-33), an inducer of type 2 immunity, in hepatic stellate cells to regulate the expansion and IL-13 production of hepatic group 2 innate lymphoid cells during infection. Our study highlights the potential of rAAV8-mediated miR-203-3p elevation as a therapeutic intervention for fibrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing He
- Department of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Xie
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Yange Wang
- Department of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaobin Fan
- Department of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Su
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Yue Sun
- Department of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nanhang Lei
- Department of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- Department of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangping Gao
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Weiqing Pan
- Department of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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85
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Artlett CM. The IL-1 family of cytokines. Do they have a role in scleroderma fibrosis? Immunol Lett 2018; 195:30-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2017.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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86
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Horsburgh S, Todryk S, Ramming A, Distler JH, O’Reilly S. Innate lymphoid cells and fibrotic regulation. Immunol Lett 2018; 195:38-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2017.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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87
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Salomé B, Jandus C. Innate lymphoid cells in antitumor immunity. J Leukoc Biol 2017; 103:479-483. [PMID: 29345362 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.5mr0617-266r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are the most recently characterized subset of innate lymphocytes. Based on their specific transcriptional regulation, cytokine secretion pattern and effector functions ILCs mirror the different CD4 T helper cell subsets, with the unique attributes of acting locally in early phases of immune responses, in an antigen-independent manner. In this review, we discuss how ILCs have been implicated in tumorigenesis. Their presence might favor or inhibit tumor growth, depending on the cytokines released and the specific tumor microenvironment. As our understanding of ILCs' contribution to antitumor responses advances, clinical options to target ILCs in antitumor therapies are also emerging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bérengère Salomé
- Translational Tumor Immunology Group, Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Camilla Jandus
- Translational Tumor Immunology Group, Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
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88
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Cayrol C, Girard JP. Interleukin-33 (IL-33): A nuclear cytokine from the IL-1 family. Immunol Rev 2017; 281:154-168. [DOI: 10.1111/imr.12619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 401] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Cayrol
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale; IPBS; Université de Toulouse; CNRS; UPS; Toulouse France
| | - Jean-Philippe Girard
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale; IPBS; Université de Toulouse; CNRS; UPS; Toulouse France
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89
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Interleukin-33 levels are elevated in chronic allograft dysfunction of kidney transplant recipients and promotes epithelial to mesenchymal transition of human kidney (HK-2) cells. Gene 2017; 644:113-121. [PMID: 29122645 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This study is aimed to investigate the potential role of interleukin (IL)-33 in transplanted kidney interstitial fibrosis and the associated mechanism. Serum IL-33 levels were detected using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in healthy volunteers, stable kidney transplantation recipients (KTRs) (stable), KTRs with acute rejection (AR), and KTRs with chronic allograft dysfunction (CAD) (CAD). Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining, Western blotting, and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) were used to detect the expression of IL-33 in human kidney tissues obtained from control and CAD patients. In addition, human kidney (HK)-2 cells were treated with human IL-33 at different doses or intervals, and the markers of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) were assessed by the presence of proteins and mRNA extracted from these cells using Western blotting and qRT-PCR. Cell motility and migration were evaluated with a cell motility and migration assay. The mechanism involved in EMT induced by IL-33 was investigated by Western blot. Finally, fibronectin, E-cadherin, and α-SMA expression, as well as the level of activity in the MAPK signaling pathway in the kidney tissues from the control and CAD group were also detected using a Western blot and an IHC staining assay. The intensity of fibrosis was substantially higher in the CAD group. IL-33 was significantly upregulated in the CAD patients compared to the control group. In vitro, IL-33 could induce EMT in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner and promoted both the cellular motility and migration capabilities of HK-2 cells. Moreover, the p38 MAPK signaling pathway might be involved in the pathogenesis of EMT induced by IL-33, which was consistent with the in vivo results of the kidney specimens from the control and CAD patients. IL-33 was upregulated in CAD patients and could promote EMT of HK-2 cells.
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90
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Sun Z, Chang B, Gao M, Zhang J, Zou Z. IL-33-ST2 Axis in Liver Disease: Progression and Challenge. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:5314213. [PMID: 29180837 PMCID: PMC5664344 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5314213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The new member of the IL-1 family, interleukin-33 (IL-33), participates in the progression of a variety of diseases through binding with its receptor ST2. Recently, much clinical evidence and experimental data have indicated that IL-33 is associated with various liver diseases. This review primarily addresses the relationship between IL-33 and several hepatic diseases. IL-33 can alleviate high-fat diet- (HFD-) induced hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance, and IL-33 acts as an alarmin, which quickly triggers the immune system to respond to virus invasion and toxic damage to the liver. However, when liver injury is chronic, IL-33 promotes Th2 reactions and hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activity, facilitating progression to liver fibrosis. The complicated functions of IL-33 should be considered before its clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Sun
- Center of Non-Infectious Liver Diseases, Peking University 302 Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Binxia Chang
- Center of Non-Infectious Liver Diseases, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Miaomiao Gao
- Center of Non-Infectious Liver Diseases, Peking University 302 Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Jiyuan Zhang
- Treatment and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengsheng Zou
- Center of Non-Infectious Liver Diseases, Peking University 302 Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China
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91
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Antunes MM, Araújo AM, Diniz AB, Pereira RVS, Alvarenga DM, David BA, Rocha RM, Lopes MAF, Marchesi SC, Nakagaki BN, Carvalho É, Marques PE, Ryffel B, Quesniaux V, Guabiraba Brito R, Filho JCA, Cara DC, Rezende RM, Menezes GB. IL-33 signalling in liver immune cells enhances drug-induced liver injury and inflammation. Inflamm Res 2017; 67:77-88. [PMID: 29032512 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-017-1098-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN The aim of this study was to investigate the contribution of IL-33/ST2 axis in the onset and progression of acute liver injury using a mice model of drug-induced liver injury (DILI). MATERIAL AND TREATMENTS DILI was induced by overdose administration of acetaminophen (APAP) by oral gavage in wild-type BALB/c, ST2-deficient mice and in different bone marrow chimeras. Neutrophils were depleted by anti-Ly6G and macrophages with clodronate liposomes (CLL). METHODS Blood and liver were collected for biochemical, immunologic and genetic analyses. Mice were imaged by confocal intravital microscopy and liver non-parenchymal cells and hepatocytes were isolated for flow cytometry, genetic and immunofluorescence studies. RESULTS Acetaminophen overdose caused a massive necrosis and accumulation of immune cells within the liver, concomitantly with IL-33 and chemokine release. Liver non-parenchymal cells were the major sensors for IL-33, and amongst them, neutrophils were the major players in amplification of the inflammatory response triggered by IL-33/ST2 signalling pathway. CONCLUSION Blockage of IL-33/ST2 axis reduces APAP-mediated organ injury by dampening liver chemokine release and activation of resident and infiltrating liver non-parenchymal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maísa Mota Antunes
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Alan Moreira Araújo
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Ariane Barros Diniz
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Vaz Sousa Pereira
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Débora Moreira Alvarenga
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Bruna Araújo David
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Renata Monti Rocha
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Maria Alice Freitas Lopes
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Sarah Cozzer Marchesi
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Brenda Naemi Nakagaki
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Érika Carvalho
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Pedro Elias Marques
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Bernhard Ryffel
- Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics CNRS, University of Orleans, Orleans, France
| | - Valérie Quesniaux
- Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics CNRS, University of Orleans, Orleans, France
| | | | - José Carlos Alves Filho
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Denise Carmona Cara
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Rafael Machado Rezende
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gustavo Batista Menezes
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil.
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92
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Sobotta S, Raue A, Huang X, Vanlier J, Jünger A, Bohl S, Albrecht U, Hahnel MJ, Wolf S, Mueller NS, D'Alessandro LA, Mueller-Bohl S, Boehm ME, Lucarelli P, Bonefas S, Damm G, Seehofer D, Lehmann WD, Rose-John S, van der Hoeven F, Gretz N, Theis FJ, Ehlting C, Bode JG, Timmer J, Schilling M, Klingmüller U. Model Based Targeting of IL-6-Induced Inflammatory Responses in Cultured Primary Hepatocytes to Improve Application of the JAK Inhibitor Ruxolitinib. Front Physiol 2017; 8:775. [PMID: 29062282 PMCID: PMC5640784 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-6 is a central mediator of the immediate induction of hepatic acute phase proteins (APP) in the liver during infection and after injury, but increased IL-6 activity has been associated with multiple pathological conditions. In hepatocytes, IL-6 activates JAK1-STAT3 signaling that induces the negative feedback regulator SOCS3 and expression of APPs. While different inhibitors of IL-6-induced JAK1-STAT3-signaling have been developed, understanding their precise impact on signaling dynamics requires a systems biology approach. Here we present a mathematical model of IL-6-induced JAK1-STAT3 signaling that quantitatively links physiological IL-6 concentrations to the dynamics of IL-6-induced signal transduction and expression of target genes in hepatocytes. The mathematical model consists of coupled ordinary differential equations (ODE) and the model parameters were estimated by a maximum likelihood approach, whereas identifiability of the dynamic model parameters was ensured by the Profile Likelihood. Using model simulations coupled with experimental validation we could optimize the long-term impact of the JAK-inhibitor Ruxolitinib, a therapeutic compound that is quickly metabolized. Model-predicted doses and timing of treatments helps to improve the reduction of inflammatory APP gene expression in primary mouse hepatocytes close to levels observed during regenerative conditions. The concept of improved efficacy of the inhibitor through multiple treatments at optimized time intervals was confirmed in primary human hepatocytes. Thus, combining quantitative data generation with mathematical modeling suggests that repetitive treatment with Ruxolitinib is required to effectively target excessive inflammatory responses without exceeding doses recommended by the clinical guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svantje Sobotta
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Raue
- Discovery Division, Merrimack Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Xiaoyun Huang
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joep Vanlier
- Institute of Physics, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anja Jünger
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Bohl
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ute Albrecht
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Maximilian J Hahnel
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Stephanie Wolf
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nikola S Mueller
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lorenza A D'Alessandro
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Mueller-Bohl
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin E Boehm
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Philippe Lucarelli
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sandra Bonefas
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Georg Damm
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Visceral Transplantation, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Daniel Seehofer
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Visceral Transplantation, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wolf D Lehmann
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Frank van der Hoeven
- Transgenic Service, Center for Preclinical Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Norbert Gretz
- Medical Research Center, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Fabian J Theis
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.,Department of Mathematics, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Christian Ehlting
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Johannes G Bode
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jens Timmer
- Institute of Physics, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marcel Schilling
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ursula Klingmüller
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
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93
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Yazdani HO, Chen HW, Tohme S, Tai S, van der Windt DJ, Loughran P, Rosborough BR, Sud V, Beer-Stolz D, Turnquist HR, Tsung A, Huang H. IL-33 exacerbates liver sterile inflammation by amplifying neutrophil extracellular trap formation. J Hepatol 2017; 68:S0168-8278(17)32291-2. [PMID: 28943296 PMCID: PMC5862757 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2017.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Neutrophils and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) both contribute to sterile inflammatory injury during ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), a well-known liver surgical stress. Interleukin-33 (IL-33) has been shown to drive neutrophil infiltration during inflammatory responses through its receptor ST2. We recently reported that infiltrating neutrophils form neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which exacerbate sterile inflammatory injury in liver I/R. Here, we sought to determine the role of IL-33 in NET formation during liver sterile inflammation. METHODS Evaluation of IL-33 forming NETs was investigated using a partial liver I/R model to generate sterile injury in healthy WT, IL-33 and ST2 knockouts. Serum levels of IL-33 and myeloperoxidase (MPO)-DNA complex were measured in both humans and mice after the first surgery. Liver damage was assessed. Mouse neutrophil depletion was performed by intraperitoneal injection of anti-Ly6G antibody before I/R. RESULTS Patients undergoing liver resection showed a significant increase in serum IL-33 compared to healthy volunteers. This coincided with higher serum MPO-DNA complexes. NET formation was decreased in IL-33 and ST2 knockout mice compared with control mice, after liver I/R. IL-33 or ST2 deficiency protected livers from I/R injury, whereas rIL-33 administration during I/R exacerbated hepatotoxicity and systemic inflammation. In vitro, IL-33 is released from LSECs to promote NET formation. IL-33 deficient LSECs failed to induce NETs. ST2 deficient neutrophils limited their capacity to form NETs in vitro and adoptive transfer of ST2 knockout neutrophils to neutrophil-depleted WT mice significantly decreased NET formation. CONCLUSIONS Data establish that IL-33, mainly released from LSECs, causes excessive sterile inflammation after hepatic I/R by inducing NET formation. Therapeutic targeting of IL-33/ST2 might extend novel strategies to minimize organ damage in various clinical settings associated with sterile inflammation. LAY SUMMARY Liver ischemia and reperfusion injury results in the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps, which contribute to organ damage in liver surgeries. Herein, we show that IL-33 is released from liver sinusoidal endothelial cells to promote NET formation during liver I/R, which exacerbates inflammatory cascades and sterile inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza O Yazdani
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Hui-Wei Chen
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Samer Tohme
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Sheng Tai
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | | | - Patricia Loughran
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Department of Cell Biology, Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Brian R Rosborough
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Vikas Sud
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Donna Beer-Stolz
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Heth R Turnquist
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Allan Tsung
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Hai Huang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Department of Surgery, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China.
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94
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Fabris L, Spirli C, Cadamuro M, Fiorotto R, Strazzabosco M. Emerging concepts in biliary repair and fibrosis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2017; 313:G102-G116. [PMID: 28526690 PMCID: PMC5582882 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00452.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Chronic diseases of the biliary tree (cholangiopathies) represent one of the major unmet needs in clinical hepatology and a significant knowledge gap in liver pathophysiology. The common theme in cholangiopathies is that the target of the disease is the biliary tree. After damage to the biliary epithelium, inflammatory changes stimulate a reparative response with proliferation of cholangiocytes and restoration of the biliary architecture, owing to the reactivation of a variety of morphogenetic signals. Chronic damage and inflammation will ultimately result in pathological repair with generation of biliary fibrosis and clinical progression of the disease. The hallmark of pathological biliary repair is the appearance of reactive ductular cells, a population of cholangiocyte-like epithelial cells of unclear and likely mixed origin that are able to orchestrate a complex process that involves a number of different cell types, under joint control of inflammatory and morphogenetic signals. Several questions remain open concerning the histogenesis of reactive ductular cells, their role in liver repair, their mechanism of activation, and the signals exchanged with the other cellular elements cooperating in the reparative process. This review contributes to the current debate by highlighting a number of new concepts derived from the study of the pathophysiology of chronic cholangiopathies, such as congenital hepatic fibrosis, biliary atresia, and Alagille syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Fabris
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua School of Medicine, Padua, Italy; .,Liver Center, Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,International Center for Digestive Health, University of Milan-Bicocca School of Medicine, Milan, Italy; and
| | - Carlo Spirli
- 2Liver Center, Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; ,3International Center for Digestive Health, University of Milan-Bicocca School of Medicine, Milan, Italy; and
| | - Massimiliano Cadamuro
- 3International Center for Digestive Health, University of Milan-Bicocca School of Medicine, Milan, Italy; and ,4Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan-Bicocca School of Medicine, Milan, Italy
| | - Romina Fiorotto
- 2Liver Center, Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; ,3International Center for Digestive Health, University of Milan-Bicocca School of Medicine, Milan, Italy; and
| | - Mario Strazzabosco
- 2Liver Center, Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; ,3International Center for Digestive Health, University of Milan-Bicocca School of Medicine, Milan, Italy; and ,4Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan-Bicocca School of Medicine, Milan, Italy
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95
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Forkel M, Berglin L, Kekäläinen E, Carlsson A, Svedin E, Michaëlsson J, Nagasawa M, Erjefält JS, Mori M, Flodström-Tullberg M, Bergquist A, Ljunggren HG, Westgren M, Lindforss U, Friberg D, Jorns C, Ellis E, Björkström NK, Mjösberg J. Composition and functionality of the intrahepatic innate lymphoid cell-compartment in human nonfibrotic and fibrotic livers. Eur J Immunol 2017; 47:1280-1294. [PMID: 28613415 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201646890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2016] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Human innate lymphoid cells have been described to exist in different organs, with functional deregulation of these cells contributing to several disease states. Here, we performed the first detailed characterization of the phenotype, tissue-residency properties, and functionality of ILC1s, ILC2s, and ILC3s in the human adult and fetal liver. In addition, we investigated changes in the ILC compartment in liver fibrosis. A unique composition of tissue-resident ILCs was observed in nonfibrotic livers as compared with that in mucosal tissues, with NKp44- ILC3s accounting for the majority of total intrahepatic ILCs. The frequency of ILC2s, representing a small fraction of ILCs in nonfibrotic livers, increased in liver fibrosis and correlated directly with the severity of the disease. Notably, intrahepatic ILC2s secreted the profibrotic cytokine IL-13 when exposed to IL-33 and thymic stromal lymphopoetin (TSLP); these cytokines were produced by hepatocytes, hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), and Kupffer cells in response to TLR-3 stimulation. In summary, the present results provide the first detailed characterization of intrahepatic ILCs in human adult and fetal liver. The results indicate a role for ILC2s in human liver fibrosis, implying that targeting ILC2s might be a novel therapeutic strategy for its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Forkel
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lena Berglin
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eliisa Kekäläinen
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Adrian Carlsson
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emma Svedin
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jakob Michaëlsson
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maho Nagasawa
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Academic Medical Center of the University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jonas S Erjefält
- Unit of Airway Inflammation, Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Michiko Mori
- Unit of Airway Inflammation, Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Annika Bergquist
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute and Center for Digestive Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hans-Gustaf Ljunggren
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magnus Westgren
- Center for Fetal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulrik Lindforss
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute and Center for Digestive Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Danielle Friberg
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, CLINTEC, KI, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carl Jorns
- Division of Transplantation Surgery, CLINTEC, Karolinska Institutet (KI), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ewa Ellis
- Division of Transplantation Surgery, CLINTEC, Karolinska Institutet (KI), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Niklas K Björkström
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jenny Mjösberg
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Sweden
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96
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Dondorf F, Fahrner R, Ardelt M, Patsenker E, Stickel F, Dahmen U, Settmacher U, Rauchfuß F. Induction of chronic cholestasis without liver cirrhosis - Creation of an animal model. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:4191-4199. [PMID: 28694659 PMCID: PMC5483493 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i23.4191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To analyze time intervals of inflammation and regeneration in a cholestatic rat liver model.
METHODS In 36 Lewis rats, divided into six groups of 6 animals (postoperative observation periods: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 wk), the main bile duct was ligated with two ligatures and observed for the periods mentioned above. For laboratory evaluation, cholestasis parameters (bilirubin, γ-GT), liver cell parameters (ASAT, ALAT) and liver synthesis parameters (quick, albumin) were determined. For histological analysis, HE, EvG, ASDCL and HMGB-1 stainings were performed. Furthermore, we used the mRNA of IL-33, GADD45a and p-21 for analyzing cellular stress and regeneration in cholestatic rats.
RESULTS In chemical laboratory and histological evaluation, a distinction between acute and chronic cholestatic liver injury with identification of inflammation and regeneration could be demonstrated by an increase in cholestasis (bilirubin: 1-wk group, 156.83 ± 34.12 μmol/L, P = 0.004) and liver cell parameters (ASAT: 2-wk group, 2.1 ± 2.19 μmol/L.s, P = 0.03; ALAT: 2-wk group, 1.03 ± 0.38 μmol/L.s, P = 0.03) after bile duct ligation (BDL). Histological evaluation showed an increase of bile ducts per portal field (3-wk group, 48 ± 6.13, P = 0.004) during the first four weeks after bile duct ligation. In addition to inflammation, which is an expression of acute cholestasis, there was an increase of necrotic areas in the histological sections (2-wk group, 1.38% ± 2.28% per slide, P = 0.002). Furthermore, the inflammation could be verified by ASDCL (4-wk group, 22 ± 5.93 positive cells per portal field, P = 0.041) and HMGB-1 [2-wk group, 13 ± 8.18 positive cells per field of view (FoV), P = 0.065] staining. Therefore, in summary of the laboratory evaluation and histological studies, acute cholestasis could be found during the first four weeks after bile duct ligation. Subsequently, the described parameters declined so that chronic cholestasis could be assumed. For quantification of secondary biliary cirrhosis, eosin staining was performed, which did not reveal any signs of liver remodeling, thus precluding the development of a chronic cholestasis model. Additionally, to establish the chronic cholestasis model, we evaluated liver regeneration capacity through measurements of IL-33, p-21 and GADD45a mRNA.
CONCLUSION We created a chronic cholestasis model. The point of inflammatory and regenerative balance was reached after four weeks. This finding should be used for experimental approaches dealing with chronic cholestatic liver damage.
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97
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Endogenous IL-33 Deficiency Exacerbates Liver Injury and Increases Hepatic Influx of Neutrophils in Acute Murine Viral Hepatitis. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:1359064. [PMID: 28607531 PMCID: PMC5457781 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1359064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The alarmin IL-33 has been described to be upregulated in human and murine viral hepatitis. However, the role of endogenous IL-33 in viral hepatitis remains obscure. We aimed to decipher its function by infecting IL-33-deficient mice (IL-33 KO) and their wild-type (WT) littermates with pathogenic mouse hepatitis virus (L2-MHV3). The IL-33 KO mice were more sensitive to L2-MHV3 infection exhibiting higher levels of AST/ALT, higher tissue damage, significant weight loss, and earlier death. An increased depletion of B and T lymphocytes, NKT cells, dendritic cells, and macrophages was observed 48 h postinfection (PI) in IL-33 KO mice than that in WT mice. In contrast, a massive influx of neutrophils was observed in IL-33 KO mice at 48 h PI. A transcriptomic study of inflammatory and cell-signaling genes revealed the overexpression of IL-6, TNFα, and several chemokines involved in recruitment/activation of neutrophils (CXCL2, CXCL5, CCL2, and CCL6) at 72 h PI in IL-33 KO mice. However, the IFNγ was strongly induced in WT mice with less profound expression in IL-33 KO mice demonstrating that endogenous IL-33 regulated IFNγ expression during L2-MHV3 hepatitis. In conclusion, we demonstrated that endogenous IL-33 had multifaceted immunoregulatory effect during viral hepatitis via induction of IFNγ, survival effect on immune cells, and infiltration of neutrophils in the liver.
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98
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Jiang SW, Wang P, Xiang XG, Mo RD, Lin LY, Bao SS, Lu J, Xie Q. Serum soluble ST2 is a promising prognostic biomarker in HBV-related acute-on-chronic liver failure. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2017; 16:181-188. [PMID: 28381383 DOI: 10.1016/s1499-3872(16)60185-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The IL-33/ST2 axis is involved in the pathogenesis of many diseases such as autoimmune diseases, cancer, and heart failure. However, studies of the IL-33/ST2 pathway in HBV-related acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF) are lacking. The present study aimed to determine the prognostic role of serum IL-33/soluble ST2 (sST2) in HBV-ACLF. METHODS Serum levels of IL-33 and sST2 in healthy controls (HC, n=18), chronic hepatitis B (CHB, n=27) and HBV-ACLF (n=51) patients at the 1st and 4th week after enrollment were detected using ELISA, and clinical data were collected. The follow-up of HBV-ACLF patients lasted for 6 months at least. RESULTS There was no significant difference of serum IL-33 level among HC, CHB and HBV-ACLF patients at week 1. However, serum sST2 level differed significantly among the three groups: highest in the HBV-ACLF group, moderate in the CHB group and lowest in the HC group. There was a reverse correlation between serum sST2 level and the survival of HBV-ACLF patients. The level of serum sST2 in HBV-ACLF survivors was significantly declined from week 1 to week 4 following the treatment, whereas that in HBV-ACLF non-survivors remained at a high level during the same period. Furthermore, serum sST2 level was significantly correlated with laboratory parameters and the most updated prognostic scores (CLIF-C OF score, CLIF-C ACLF score and ACLF grades). The receiver operating characteristics curves demonstrated that serum sST2 level was a good diagnostic marker for predicting the 6-month mortality in HBV-ACLF patients, comparable to the most updated prognostic scores. Serum sST2 cut-off points for predicting prognosis in HBV-ACLF patients were 76 ng/mL at week 1 or 53 ng/mL at week 4, respectively. HBV-ACLF patients with serum sST2 level above the cut-off point often had a worse prognosis than those below the cut-off point. CONCLUSION Serum sST2 may act as a promising biomarker to assess severity and predict prognosis of patients with HBV-ACLF and help for the early identification and optimal treatment of HBV-ACLF patients at high risk of mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Wen Jiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
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99
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Interleukin-33 drives hepatic fibrosis through activation of hepatic stellate cells. Cell Mol Immunol 2017; 15:388-398. [PMID: 28194023 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2016.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a consequence of chronic liver disease, causing morbidity and mortality. Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is a critical mediator of inflammation, which may be involved in the development of liver fibrosis. Here, we investigated the role of IL-33 in human patients and experimental bile-duct ligation (BDL)-induced fibrosis in mice. We report increased hepatic IL-33 expression in the murine BDL model of fibrosis and in surgical samples obtained from patients with liver fibrosis. Liver injury, inflammatory cell infiltration and fibrosis were reduced in the absence of the IL-33/ST2 receptor, and the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) was decreased in ST2-deficient mice. Recombinant IL-33 activated HSCs isolated from C57BL/6 mice, leading to the expression of IL-6, TGF-β, α-SMA and collagen, which was abrogated in the absence of ST2 or by pharmacological inhibition of MAPK signaling. Finally, administration of recombinant IL-33 significantly increased hepatic inflammation in sham-operated BL6 mice but did not enhance BDL-induced hepatic inflammation and fibrosis. In conclusion, BDL-induced liver inflammation and fibrosis are dependent on ST2 signaling in HSCs, and therefore, the IL-33/ST2 pathway may be a potential therapeutic target in human patients with chronic hepatitis and liver fibrosis.
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100
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Long X, Daya M, Zhao J, Rafaels N, Liang H, Potee J, Campbell M, Zhang B, Araujo MI, Oliveira RR, Mathias RA, Gao L, Ruczinski I, Georas SN, Vercelli D, Beaty TH, Barnes KC, Chen X, Chen Q. The role of ST2 and ST2 genetic variants in schistosomiasis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 140:1416-1422.e6. [PMID: 28189770 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.12.969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic schistosomiasis and its severe complication, periportal fibrosis, are characterized by a predominant Th2 response. To date, specific single nucleotide polymorphisms in ST2 have been some of the most consistently associated genetic variants for asthma. OBJECTIVE We investigated the role of ST2 (a receptor for the Th2 cytokine IL-33) in chronic and late-stage schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma japonicum and the potential effect of ST2 genetic variants on stage of disease and ST2 expression. METHODS We recruited 947 adult participants (339 with end-stage schistosomiasis and liver cirrhosis, 307 with chronic infections without liver fibrosis, and 301 health controls) from a S japonicum-endemic area (Hubei, China). Six ST2 single nucleotide polymorphisms were genotyped. Serum soluble ST2 (sST2) was measured by ELISA, and ST2 expression in normal liver tissues, Hepatitis B virus-induced fibrotic liver tissues, and S japonicum-induced fibrotic liver tissues was measured by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS We found sST2 levels were significantly higher in the end-stage group (36.04 [95% CI, 33.85-38.37]) compared with chronic cases and controls (22.7 [95% CI, 22.0-23.4], P < 1E-10). In addition, S japonicum-induced fibrotic liver tissues showed increased ST2 staining compared with normal liver tissues (P = .0001). Markers rs12712135, rs1420101, and rs6543119 were strongly associated with sST2 levels (P = 2E-10, 5E-05, and 6E-05, respectively), and these results were replicated in an independent cohort from Brazil living in a S mansoni endemic region. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate for the first time that end-stage schistosomiasis is associated with elevated sST2 levels and show that ST2 genetic variants are associated with sST2 levels in patients with schistosomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Long
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Clinical Study Center of Liver Surgery in Hubei Province, Wuhan, China; Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md
| | - Michelle Daya
- Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo
| | - Jianping Zhao
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Clinical Study Center of Liver Surgery in Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Nicholas Rafaels
- Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md
| | - Huifang Liang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Clinical Study Center of Liver Surgery in Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Joseph Potee
- Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md
| | - Monica Campbell
- Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md
| | - Bixiang Zhang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Clinical Study Center of Liver Surgery in Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Maria Ilma Araujo
- Servico de Imunologia, Hospital Universitario Professor Edgard Santos, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Ricardo R Oliveira
- Instituto Goncalo Moniz, Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz - Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Rasika A Mathias
- Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md
| | - Li Gao
- Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md
| | - Ingo Ruczinski
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md
| | - Steve N Georas
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
| | - Donata Vercelli
- Arizona Respiratory Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz
| | - Terri H Beaty
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md
| | - Kathleen C Barnes
- Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md.
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Clinical Study Center of Liver Surgery in Hubei Province, Wuhan, China.
| | - Qian Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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