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Su L, Li S, Qiu H, Wang H, Wang C, He C, Xu M, Zhang Z. Full-Length Transcriptome Analyses of Genes Involved in Triterpenoid Saponin Biosynthesis of Psammosilene tunicoides Hairy Root Cultures With Exogenous Salicylic Acid. Front Genet 2021; 12:657060. [PMID: 33854529 PMCID: PMC8039526 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.657060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Triterpenoid saponins constitute a diverse class of bioactive compounds in medicinal plants. Salicylic acid (SA) is an efficient elicitor for secondary metabolite production, but a transcriptome-wide regulatory network of SA-promoted triterpenoid saponin biosynthesis remains little understood. In the current study, we described the establishment of the hairy root culture system for Psammosilene tunicoides, a triterpenoid saponin-producing medicinal herb in China, using genetic transformation by Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Compared to controls, we found that total saponin content was dramatically increased (up to 2.49-fold) by the addition of 5 mg/L SA in hairy roots for 1 day. A combination of single-molecule real-time (SMRT) and next-generation sequencing (Illumina RNA-seq) was generated to analyze the full-length transcriptome data for P. tunicoides, as well as the transcript profiles in treated (8 and 24 h) and non-treated (0 h) groups with 5 mg/L SA in hairy roots. A total of 430,117 circular consensus sequence (CCS) reads, 16,375 unigenes and 4,678 long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) were obtained. The average length of unigenes (2,776 bp) was much higher in full-length transcriptome than that derived from single RNA-seq (1,457 bp). The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were mainly enriched in the metabolic process. SA up-regulated the unigenes encoding SA-binding proteins and antioxidant enzymes in comparison with controls. Additionally, we identified 89 full-length transcripts encoding enzymes putatively involved in saponin biosynthesis. The candidate transcription factors (WRKY, NAC) and structural genes (AACT, DXS, SE, CYP72A) might be the key regulators in SA-elicited saponin accumulation. Their expression was further validated by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). These findings preliminarily elucidate the regulatory mechanisms of SA on triterpenoid saponin biosynthesis in the transcriptomic level, laying a foundation for SA-elicited saponin augmentation in P. tunicoides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingye Su
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture Protection and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shufang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture Protection and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, China.,School of Biology Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Hanhan Qiu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture Protection and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, China.,School of Biology Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Hongfeng Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture Protection and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, China
| | - Congcong Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture Protection and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunmei He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture Protection and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingfeng Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture Protection and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zongshen Zhang
- School of Biology Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
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Śliwińska A, Naliwajski MR, Pietrosiuk A, Sykłowska-Baranek K. In Vitro Response of Polyscias filicifolia (Araliaceae) Shoots to Elicitation with Alarmone-Diadenosine Triphosphate, Methyl Jasmonate, and Salicylic Acid. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020419. [PMID: 33671225 PMCID: PMC7922777 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The effectiveness of different elicitation variants in combination with alarmone application was studied in shoot cultures of Polyscias filicifolia. The shoots were elicited with 200 µM methyl jasmonate (MeJA) or 50 µM salicylic acid (SA) alone or in combination, and their activity was compared with those treated with the alarmone diadenosine 5′,5‴-P1P3-triphosphate (Ap3A), either alone or in combination with SA and/or MeJA. All treatments resulted in significant stimulation of phenolic acid production (chlorogenic and ferulic acids), as well as oleanolic acid (OA) compared to control, with their highest concentration noted under simultaneous elicitation with SA and MeJA. While the maximum content of caffeic acid was detected after treatment with alarmone alone. In each of the culture variants enhanced antioxidant activity was observed, however the level varied according to the treatment. In addition, the SA, Ap3A and Ap3A+SA variants demonstrated additional peroxidase isoforms, as indicated by Native-PAGE, as well as the highest α-tocopherol content. The highest antioxidant capacity of shoot extracts was correlated with the highest abundance of phenolic compounds and OA. The results indicate that ROS induction appears to participate in the signal transduction following Ap3A treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Śliwińska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (A.Ś.); (A.P.); (K.S.-B.)
| | - Marcin R. Naliwajski
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, ul. Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Agnieszka Pietrosiuk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (A.Ś.); (A.P.); (K.S.-B.)
| | - Katarzyna Sykłowska-Baranek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (A.Ś.); (A.P.); (K.S.-B.)
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53
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Commault AS, Kuzhiumparambil U, Herdean A, Fabris M, Jaramillo-Madrid AC, Abbriano RM, Ralph PJ, Pernice M. Methyl Jasmonate and Methyl-β-Cyclodextrin Individually Boost Triterpenoid Biosynthesis in Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii UVM4. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:125. [PMID: 33562714 PMCID: PMC7915139 DOI: 10.3390/ph14020125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The commercialisation of valuable plant triterpenoids faces major challenges, including low abundance in natural hosts and costly downstream purification procedures. Endeavours to produce these compounds at industrial scale using microbial systems are gaining attention. Here, we report on a strategy to enrich the biomass of the biotechnologically-relevant Chlamydomonas reinhardtii strain UVM4 with valuable triterpenes, such as squalene and (S)-2,3-epoxysqualene. C. reinhardtii UVM4 was subjected to the elicitor compounds methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and methyl-β-cyclodextrine (MβCD) to increase triterpene yields. MeJA treatment triggered oxidative stress, arrested growth, and altered the photosynthetic activity of the cells, while increasing squalene, (S)-2,3-epoxysqualene, and cycloartenol contents. Applying MβCD to cultures of C. reinhardtii lead to the sequestration of the two main sterols (ergosterol and 7-dehydroporiferasterol) into the growth medium and the intracellular accumulation of the intermediate cycloartenol, without compromising cell growth. When MβCD was applied in combination with MeJA, it counteracted the negative effects of MeJA on cell growth and physiology, but no synergistic effect on triterpene yield was observed. Together, our findings provide strategies for the triterpene enrichment of microalgal biomass and medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey S. Commault
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; (U.K.); (A.H.); (M.F.); (A.C.J.-M.); (R.M.A.); (P.J.R.); (M.P.)
| | - Unnikrishnan Kuzhiumparambil
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; (U.K.); (A.H.); (M.F.); (A.C.J.-M.); (R.M.A.); (P.J.R.); (M.P.)
| | - Andrei Herdean
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; (U.K.); (A.H.); (M.F.); (A.C.J.-M.); (R.M.A.); (P.J.R.); (M.P.)
| | - Michele Fabris
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; (U.K.); (A.H.); (M.F.); (A.C.J.-M.); (R.M.A.); (P.J.R.); (M.P.)
- Synthetic Biology Future Science Platform, CSIRO, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Ana Cristina Jaramillo-Madrid
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; (U.K.); (A.H.); (M.F.); (A.C.J.-M.); (R.M.A.); (P.J.R.); (M.P.)
| | - Raffaela M. Abbriano
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; (U.K.); (A.H.); (M.F.); (A.C.J.-M.); (R.M.A.); (P.J.R.); (M.P.)
| | - Peter J. Ralph
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; (U.K.); (A.H.); (M.F.); (A.C.J.-M.); (R.M.A.); (P.J.R.); (M.P.)
| | - Mathieu Pernice
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; (U.K.); (A.H.); (M.F.); (A.C.J.-M.); (R.M.A.); (P.J.R.); (M.P.)
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54
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Gani U, Vishwakarma RA, Misra P. Membrane transporters: the key drivers of transport of secondary metabolites in plants. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2021; 40:1-18. [PMID: 32959124 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-020-02599-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes the recent updates in the area of transporters of plant secondary metabolites, including their applied aspects in metabolic engineering of economically important secondary metabolites. Plants have evolved biosynthetic pathways to produce structurally diverse secondary metabolites, which serve distinct functions, including defense against pathogens and herbivory, thereby playing a pivotal role in plant ecological interactions. These compounds often display interesting bioactivities and, therefore, have been used as repositories of natural drugs and phytoceuticals for humans. At an elevated level, plant secondary metabolites could be cytotoxic to the plant cell itself; therefore, plants have developed sophisticated mechanisms to sequester these compounds to prevent cytotoxicity. Many of these valuable natural compounds and their precursors are biosynthesized and accumulated at diverse subcellular locations, and few are even transported to sink organs via long-distance transport, implying the involvement of compartmentalization via intra- and intercellular transport mechanisms. The transporter proteins belonging to different families of transporters, especially ATP binding cassette (ABC) and multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) have been implicated in membrane-mediated transport of certain plant secondary metabolites. Despite increasing reports on the characterization of transporter proteins and their genes, our knowledge about the transporters of several medicinally and economically important plant secondary metabolites is still enigmatic. A comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the whole route of secondary metabolite transportome, in addition to the biosynthetic pathways, will aid in systematic and targeted metabolic engineering of high-value secondary metabolites. The present review embodies a comprehensive update on the progress made in the elucidation of transporters of secondary metabolites in view of basic and applied aspects of their transport mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umar Gani
- Plant Sciences Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi, Jammu, 180001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Ram A Vishwakarma
- Plant Sciences Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi, Jammu, 180001, India
| | - Prashant Misra
- Plant Sciences Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi, Jammu, 180001, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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55
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Yu Y, Rasool A, Liu H, Lv B, Chang P, Song H, Wang Y, Li C. Engineering Saccharomyces cerevisiae for high yield production of α-amyrin via synergistic remodeling of α-amyrin synthase and expanding the storage pool. Metab Eng 2020; 62:72-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2020.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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56
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Thagun C, Motoda Y, Kigawa T, Kodama Y, Numata K. Simultaneous introduction of multiple biomacromolecules into plant cells using a cell-penetrating peptide nanocarrier. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:18844-18856. [PMID: 32896843 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr04718j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Plant cells contain groups of biomolecules that participate together in a particular biological process. Exogenous codelivery of multiple biomolecules is an essential step for elucidation of the biological significance of these molecules and enables various biotechnological applications in plants. However, the currently existing biomolecule delivery methods face difficulties in delivering multiple components into plant cells, mediating transgene expression, and maintaining the stability of the numerous components and lead to delays in biomolecular function. Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) have demonstrated remarkable abilities to introduce diverse biomolecules into various plant species. Here, we employed the engineered CPP KH9-BP100 as a carrier to deliver multiple biomolecules into plant cells and performed a bimolecular fluorescence complementation assay to assess the simultaneous introduction of multiple biomolecules. We demonstrate that multiple biomolecule/CPP cargos can be simultaneously internalized by a particular plant cell, albeit with different efficiencies. We present a cutting-edge technique for codelivery of multiple biomolecules into plant cells that can be used for elucidation of functional correlations and for metabolic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chonprakun Thagun
- Biomacromolecules Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
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57
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Guo H, Wang H, Huo YX. Engineering Critical Enzymes and Pathways for Improved Triterpenoid Biosynthesis in Yeast. ACS Synth Biol 2020; 9:2214-2227. [PMID: 32786348 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.0c00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Triterpenoids represent a diverse group of phytochemicals that are widely distributed in the plant kingdom and have many biological activities. The heterologous production of triterpenoids in Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been successfully implemented by introducing various triterpenoid biosynthetic pathways. By engineering related enzymes as well as through yeast metabolism, the yield of various triterpenoids is significantly improved from the milligram per liter scale to the gram per liter scale. This achievement demonstrates that engineering critical enzymes is considered a potential strategy to overcome the main hurdles of the industrial application of these potent natural products. Here, we review strategies for designing enzymes to improve the yield of triterpenoids in S. cerevisiae in terms of three main aspects: 1, elevating the supply of the precursor 2,3-oxidosqualene; 2, optimizing triterpenoid-involved reactions; and 3, lowering the competition of the native sterol pathway. Then, we provide challenges and prospects for further enhancing triterpenoid production in S. cerevisiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Huiyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Xin Huo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
- SIP-UCLA Institute for Technology Advancement, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, P. R. China
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58
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Targeting type II diabetes with plant terpenes: the new and promising antidiabetic therapeutics. Biologia (Bratisl) 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-020-00575-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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59
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Liu Y, Li Q, Yang W, Sun B, Zhou Y, Zheng Y, Huang M, Yang W. Characterization of the potent odorants in Zanthoxylum armatum DC Prodr. pericarp oil by application of gas chromatography–mass spectrometry–olfactometry and odor activity value. Food Chem 2020; 319:126564. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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60
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Dale MP, Moses T, Johnston EJ, Rosser SJ. A systematic comparison of triterpenoid biosynthetic enzymes for the production of oleanolic acid in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231980. [PMID: 32357188 PMCID: PMC7194398 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Triterpenoids are high-value plant metabolites with numerous applications in medicine, agriculture, food, and home and personal care products. However, plants produce triterpenoids in low abundance, and their complex structures make their chemical synthesis prohibitively expensive and often impossible. As such, the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been explored as an alternative means of production. An important triterpenoid is oleanolic acid because it is the precursor to many bioactive triterpenoids of commercial interest, such as QS-21 which is being evaluated as a vaccine adjuvant in clinical trials against HIV and malaria. Oleanolic acid is derived from 2,3-oxidosqualene (natively produced by yeast) via a cyclisation and a multi-step oxidation reaction, catalysed by a β-amyrin synthase and a cytochrome P450 of the CYP716A subfamily, respectively. Although many homologues have been characterised, previous studies have used arbitrarily chosen β-amyrin synthases and CYP716As to produce oleanolic acid and its derivatives in yeast. This study presents the first comprehensive comparison of β-amyrin synthase and CYP716A enzyme activities in yeast. Strains expressing different homologues are compared for production, revealing 6.3- and 4.5-fold differences in β-amyrin and oleanolic acid productivities and varying CYP716A product profiles, which are important to consider when engineering strains for the production of bioactive oleanolic acid derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P Dale
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Tessa Moses
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Emily J Johnston
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Susan J Rosser
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
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61
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Srisawat P, Yasumoto S, Fukushima EO, Robertlee J, Seki H, Muranaka T. Production of the bioactive plant-derived triterpenoid morolic acid in engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 117:2198-2208. [PMID: 32311084 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Morolic acid is a plant-derived triterpenoid that possesses pharmacological properties such as cytotoxicity, as well as anti-HIV, anti-HSV, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic effects. The significant therapeutic properties of morolic acid are desirable in the context of pharmacological and drug development research, but the low accessibility of morolic acid from natural resources limits its applications. In the present study, we developed a microbial system for the production of morolic acid. Using a combinatorial biosynthesis approach, a novel production pathway was constructed in Saccharomycescerevisiae by coexpressing BfOSC2 (germanicol synthase) from Bauhinia forficata and CYP716A49 (triterpene C-28 oxidase) from Beta vulgaris. Moreover, we reconstructed the cellular galactose regulatory network by introducing a chimeric transcriptional activator (fusion of Gal4dbd.ER.VP16) to overdrive the genes under the control of the galactose promoter. We also overexpressed truncated HMG1, encoding feedback-inhibition-resistant form of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase 1 and sterol-regulating transcription factor upc2-1, to increase the isoprenoid precursors in the mevalonate pathway. Using this yeast system, we achieved morolic acid production up to 20.7 ± 1.8 mg/L in batch culture. To our knowledge, this is the highest morolic acid titer reported from a heterologous host, indicating a promising approach for obtaining rare natural triterpenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pisanee Srisawat
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shuhei Yasumoto
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ery O Fukushima
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Regional Amazónica IKIAM, Tena, Ecuador
| | - Jekson Robertlee
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Frontier Research, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hikaru Seki
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshiya Muranaka
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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62
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Lin CY, Eudes A. Strategies for the production of biochemicals in bioenergy crops. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2020; 13:71. [PMID: 32318116 PMCID: PMC7158082 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-020-01707-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Industrial crops are grown to produce goods for manufacturing. Rather than food and feed, they supply raw materials for making biofuels, pharmaceuticals, and specialty chemicals, as well as feedstocks for fabricating fiber, biopolymer, and construction materials. Therefore, such crops offer the potential to reduce our dependency on petrochemicals that currently serve as building blocks for manufacturing the majority of our industrial and consumer products. In this review, we are providing examples of metabolites synthesized in plants that can be used as bio-based platform chemicals for partial replacement of their petroleum-derived counterparts. Plant metabolic engineering approaches aiming at increasing the content of these metabolites in biomass are presented. In particular, we emphasize on recent advances in the manipulation of the shikimate and isoprenoid biosynthetic pathways, both of which being the source of multiple valuable compounds. Implementing and optimizing engineered metabolic pathways for accumulation of coproducts in bioenergy crops may represent a valuable option for enhancing the commercial value of biomass and attaining sustainable lignocellulosic biorefineries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Yuan Lin
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Aymerick Eudes
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
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63
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Pottier M, Laterre R, Van Wessem A, Ramirez AM, Herman X, Boutry M, Hachez C. Identification of two new trichome-specific promoters of Nicotiana tabacum. PLANTA 2020; 251:58. [PMID: 32020353 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03347-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION: pRbcS-T1 and pMALD1, two new trichome-specific promoters of Nicotiana tabacum, were identified and their strength and specificity were compared to those of previously described promoters in this species. Nicotiana tabacum has emerged as a suitable host for metabolic engineering of terpenoids and derivatives in tall glandular trichomes, which actively synthesize and secrete specialized metabolites. However, implementation of an entire biosynthetic pathway in glandular trichomes requires the identification of trichome-specific promoters to appropriately drive the expression of the transgenes needed to set up the desired pathway. In this context, RT-qPCR analysis was carried out on wild-type N. tabacum plants to compare the expression pattern and gene expression level of NtRbcS-T1 and NtMALD1, two newly identified genes expressed in glandular trichomes, with those of NtCYP71D16, NtCBTS2α, NtCPS2, and NtLTP1, which were reported in the literature to be specifically expressed in glandular trichomes. We show that NtRbcS-T1 and NtMALD1 are specifically expressed in glandular trichomes like NtCYP71D16, NtCBTS2α, and NtCPS2, while NtLTP1 is also expressed in other leaf tissues as well as in the stem. Transcriptional fusions of each of the six promoters to the GUS-VENUS reporter gene were introduced in N. tabacum by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Almost all transgenic lines displayed GUS activity in tall glandular trichomes, indicating that the appropriate cis regulatory elements were included in the selected promoter regions. However, unlike for the other promoters, no trichome-specific line was obtained for pNtLTP1:GUS-VENUS, in agreement with the RT-qPCR data. These data thus provide two new transcription promoters that could be used in metabolic engineering of glandular trichomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Pottier
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université catholique de Louvain, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- InBioS-PhytoSYSTEMS, Laboratory of Plant Physiology, University of Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Raphaëlle Laterre
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université catholique de Louvain, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Astrid Van Wessem
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université catholique de Louvain, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Aldana M Ramirez
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université catholique de Louvain, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Xavier Herman
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université catholique de Louvain, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Marc Boutry
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université catholique de Louvain, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Charles Hachez
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université catholique de Louvain, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
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Qiu F, Wang X, Zheng Y, Wang H, Liu X, Su X. Full-Length Transcriptome Sequencing and Different Chemotype Expression Profile Analysis of Genes Related to Monoterpenoid Biosynthesis in Cinnamomum porrectum. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246230. [PMID: 31835605 PMCID: PMC6941020 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Leaves of C. porrectum are rich in essential oils containing monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes and aromatic compounds, but the molecular mechanism of terpenoid biosynthesis in C. porrectum is still unclear. In this paper, the differences in the contents and compositions of terpenoids among three chemotypes were analyzed using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Furthermore, the differential expression of gene transcripts in the leaf tissues of the three C. porrectum chemotypes were analyzed through a comparison of full-length transcriptomes and expression profiles. The essential oil of the three C. porrectum chemotypes leaves was mainly composed of monoterpenes. In the full-length transcriptome of C. porrectum, 104,062 transcripts with 306,337,921 total bp, an average length of 2944 bp, and an N50 length of 5449 bp, were obtained and 94025 transcripts were annotated. In the eucalyptol and linalool chemotype, the camphor and eucalyptol chemotype, and the camphor and linalool chemotype comparison groups, 21, 22 and 18 terpene synthase (TPS) unigenes were identified respectively. Three monoterpene synthase genes, CpTPS3, CpTPS5 and CpTPS9, were upregulated in the eucalyptol chemotype compared to the linalool chemotype and camphor chemotype. CpTPS1 was upregulated in the camphor chemotype compared to the linalool chemotype and the eucalyptol chemotype. CpTPS4 was upregulated in the linalool chemotype compared to the camphor chemotype and the eucalyptol chemotype. Different unigenes had different expression levels among the three chemotypes, but the unigene expression levels of the 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4phosphate (MEP) pathway were generally higher than those of the mevalonate acid (MVA) pathway. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR(qRT-PCR) further validated these expression levels. The present study provides new clues for the functional exploration of the terpenoid synthesis mechanism and key genes in different chemotypes of C. porrectum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengying Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China;
- Jiangxi Academy of Forestry, Camphor Engineering Technology Research Center for National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Nanchang 30032, China; (X.W.); (Y.Z.); (X.L.)
| | - Xindong Wang
- Jiangxi Academy of Forestry, Camphor Engineering Technology Research Center for National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Nanchang 30032, China; (X.W.); (Y.Z.); (X.L.)
| | - Yongjie Zheng
- Jiangxi Academy of Forestry, Camphor Engineering Technology Research Center for National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Nanchang 30032, China; (X.W.); (Y.Z.); (X.L.)
| | - Hongming Wang
- College of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Tianshui Normal University, Tianshui 741000, China;
| | - Xinliang Liu
- Jiangxi Academy of Forestry, Camphor Engineering Technology Research Center for National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Nanchang 30032, China; (X.W.); (Y.Z.); (X.L.)
| | - Xiaohua Su
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China;
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100091, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-010-6288-9627
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Bicalho KU, Santoni MM, Arendt P, Zanelli CF, Furlan M, Goossens A, Pollier J. CYP712K4 Catalyzes the C-29 Oxidation of Friedelin in the Maytenus ilicifolia Quinone Methide Triterpenoid Biosynthesis Pathway. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:2510-2522. [PMID: 31350564 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The native Brazilian plant Maytenus ilicifolia accumulates a set of quinone methide triterpenoids with important pharmacological properties, of which maytenin, pristimerin and celastrol accumulate exclusively in the root bark of this medicinal plant. The first committed step in the quinone methide triterpenoid biosynthesis is the cyclization of 2,3-oxidosqualene to friedelin, catalyzed by the oxidosqualene cyclase friedelin synthase (FRS). In this study, we produced heterologous friedelin by the expression of M. ilicifolia FRS in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves and in a Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain engineered using CRISPR/Cas9. Furthermore, friedelin-producing N. benthamiana leaves and S. cerevisiae cells were used for the characterization of CYP712K4, a cytochrome P450 from M. ilicifolia that catalyzes the oxidation of friedelin at the C-29 position, leading to maytenoic acid, an intermediate of the quinone methide triterpenoid biosynthesis pathway. Maytenoic acid produced in N. benthamiana leaves was purified and its structure was confirmed using high-resolution mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. The three-step oxidation of friedelin to maytenoic acid by CYP712K4 can be considered as the second step of the quinone methide triterpenoid biosynthesis pathway, and may form the basis for further discovery of the pathway and heterologous production of friedelanes and ultimately quinone methide triterpenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keylla U Bicalho
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, S�o Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, S�o Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, S�o Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, S�o Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana M Santoni
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, S�o Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, S�o Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, S�o Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, S�o Paulo, Brazil
| | - Philipp Arendt
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Cleslei F Zanelli
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, S�o Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, S�o Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maysa Furlan
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, S�o Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, S�o Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alain Goossens
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jacob Pollier
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Metabolomics Core, Ghent, Belgium
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66
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Biswas T, Dwivedi UN. Plant triterpenoid saponins: biosynthesis, in vitro production, and pharmacological relevance. PROTOPLASMA 2019; 256:1463-1486. [PMID: 31297656 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-019-01411-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The saponins are a diverse class of natural products, with a broad scale distribution across different plant species. Chemically characterized as triterpenoid glycosides, they posses a 30C oxidosqualene precursor-based aglycone moiety (sapogenin), to which glycosyl residues are subsequently attached to yield the corresponding saponin. Based on the chemically distinct aglycone moieties, broadly, they are divided into triterpenoid saponins (dammaranes, ursanes, oleananes, lupanes, hopanes, etc.) and the sterol glycosides. This review aims to present in detail the biosynthesis patterns of the different aglycones from a common precursor and their glycosylation patterns to yield the functionally active glycoside. The review also presents recent advances in the pharmacological activities of these saponins, particularly as potent anti-neoplastic pharmacophores, antioxidants, or anti-viral/antibacterial agents. Since alternate production pedestals for these pharmacologically important triterpenes via cell and tissue cultures are an attractive option for their sustainable production, recent trends in the variety and scale of in vitro production of plant triterpenoids have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Biswas
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, India
| | - Upendra N Dwivedi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, India.
- Institute for Development of Advanced Computing, ONGC Centre for Advanced Studies, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, India.
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Srisawat P, Fukushima EO, Yasumoto S, Robertlee J, Suzuki H, Seki H, Muranaka T. Identification of oxidosqualene cyclases from the medicinal legume tree Bauhinia forficata: a step toward discovering preponderant α-amyrin-producing activity. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 224:352-366. [PMID: 31230357 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Triterpenoids are widely distributed among plants of the legume family. However, most studies have focused on triterpenoids and their biosynthetic enzymes in model legumes. We evaluated the triterpenoid aglycones profile of the medicinal legume tree Bauhinia forficata by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Through transcriptome analyses, homology-based cloning, and heterologous expression, we discovered four oxidosqualene cyclases (OSCs) which are responsible for the diversity of triterpenols in B. forficata. We also investigated the effects of the unique motif TLCYCR on α-amyrin synthase activity. B. forficata highly accumulated α-amyrin. We discovered an OSC with a preponderant α-amyrin-producing activity, which accounted for at least 95% of the total triterpenols. We also discovered three other functional OSCs (BfOSC1, BfOSC2, and BfOSC4) that produce β-amyrin, germanicol, and cycloartenol. Furthermore, by replacing the unique motif TLCYCR from BfOSC3 with the MWCYCR motif, we altered the function of BfOSC3 such that it no longer produced α-amyrin. Our results provide new insights into OSC cyclization, which is responsible for the diversity of triterpenoid metabolites in B. forficata, a non-model legume plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pisanee Srisawat
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ery Odette Fukushima
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
- Universidad Regional Amazónica IKIAM, Tena, 150150, Ecuador
| | - Shuhei Yasumoto
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Jekson Robertlee
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Frontier Research, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, 292-0818, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Suzuki
- Department of Research & Development, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, 292-0818, Japan
| | - Hikaru Seki
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Toshiya Muranaka
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
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68
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Welander PV. Deciphering the evolutionary history of microbial cyclic triterpenoids. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 140:270-278. [PMID: 31071437 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic triterpenoids are a class of lipids that have fascinated chemists, biologist, and geologist alike for many years. These molecules have diverse physiological roles in a variety of bacterial and eukaryotic organisms and a shared evolutionary ancestry that is reflected in the elegant biochemistry required for their synthesis. Cyclic triterpenoids are also quite recalcitrant and are preserved in sedimentary rocks where they are utilized as "molecular fossils" or biomarkers that can physically link microbial taxa and their metabolisms to a specific time or event in Earth's history. However, a proper interpretation of cyclic triterpenoid biosignatures requires a robust understanding of their function in extant organisms and in the evolutionary history of their biosynthetic pathways. Here, I review two potential cyclic triterpenoid evolutionary scenarios and the recent genetic and biochemical studies that are providing experimental evidence to distinguish between these hypotheses. The study of cyclic triterpenoids will continue to provide a wealth of information that can significantly impact the interpretation of lipid biosignatures in the rock record and provides a compelling model of how two natural repositories of evolutionary history available on Earth, the geologic record in sedimentary rocks and the molecular record in living organisms, can be linked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula V Welander
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, 473 Via Ortega, Rm 140, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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Influence of Selected Abiotic Factors on Triterpenoid Biosynthesis and Saponin Secretion in Marigold ( Calendula officinalis L.) in Vitro Hairy Root Cultures. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24162907. [PMID: 31405141 PMCID: PMC6720177 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24162907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was the evaluation of the efficiency of selected abiotic elicitors, i.e., silver and cadmium ions, ultrasound, and UV-C irradiation, in the stimulation of triterpenoid biosynthesis, accumulation, and saponin secretion in Calendula officinalis hairy root cultures. Apart from the possible enhancement of triterpenoid production, the relationship between primary and secondary metabolism (represented respectively by sterols and pentacyclic triterpenes), modifications of the sterol compositional profile, and fluctuations in the total triterpenoid content were monitored in the performed experiments. The main phenomenon observed as a response to heavy metal treatment was the stimulation (up to 12-fold) of the secretion of saponins, accompanied by significant changes in sterol composition. Ultrasound stimulated the secretion of saponins (up to 11-fold); however, it exerted diverse influences on the triterpenoid content in hairy root tissue (stimulating or decreasing) depending on the duration of the exposure to the elicitor. UV-C radiation caused a slight increase in the content of both sterols and saponins in hairy root tissue, and stimulated saponin secretion up to 8.5-fold. The expected symptoms of the competition between the biosynthetic pathways of sterols and pentacyclic triterpenoids were less evident in reactions to abiotic stressors than those reported previously for biotic elicitors.
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70
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Tzin V, Snyder JH, Yang DS, Huhman DV, Watson BS, Allen SN, Tang Y, Miettinen K, Arendt P, Pollier J, Goossens A, Sumner LW. Integrated metabolomics identifies CYP72A67 and CYP72A68 oxidases in the biosynthesis of Medicago truncatula oleanate sapogenins. Metabolomics 2019; 15:85. [PMID: 31144047 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-019-1542-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Triterpene saponins are important bioactive plant natural products found in many plant families including the Leguminosae. OBJECTIVES We characterize two Medicago truncatula cytochrome P450 enzymes, MtCYP72A67 and MtCYP72A68, involved in saponin biosynthesis including both in vitro and in planta evidence. METHODS UHPLC-(-)ESI-QToF-MS was used to profile saponin accumulation across a collection of 106 M. truncatula ecotypes. The profiling results identified numerous ecotypes with high and low saponin accumulation in root and aerial tissues. Four ecotypes with significant differential saponin content in the root and/or aerial tissues were selected, and correlated gene expression profiling was performed. RESULTS Correlation analyses between gene expression and saponin accumulation revealed high correlations between saponin content with gene expression of β-amyrin synthase, MtCYP716A12, and two cytochromes P450 genes, MtCYP72A67 and MtCYP72A68. In vivo and in vitro biochemical assays using yeast microsomes containing MtCYP72A67 revealed hydroxylase activity for carbon 2 of oleanolic acid and hederagenin. This finding was supported by functional characterization of MtCYP72A67 using RNAi-mediated gene silencing in M. truncatula hairy roots, which revealed a significant reduction of 2β-hydroxylated sapogenins. In vivo and in vitro assays with MtCYP72A68 produced in yeast showed multifunctional oxidase activity for carbon 23 of oleanolic acid and hederagenin. These findings were supported by overexpression of MtCYP72A68 in M. truncatula hairy roots, which revealed significant increases of oleanolic acid, 2β-hydroxyoleanolic acid, hederagenin and total saponin levels. CONCLUSIONS The cumulative data support that MtCYP72A68 is a multisubstrate, multifunctional oxidase and MtCYP72A67 is a 2β-hydroxylase, both of which function during the early steps of triterpene-oleanate sapogenin biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vered Tzin
- Plant Biology Division, Noble Research Institute, Ardmore, OKLA, 73401, USA.
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Israel.
| | - John H Snyder
- Plant Biology Division, Noble Research Institute, Ardmore, OKLA, 73401, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Sik Yang
- Plant Biology Division, Noble Research Institute, Ardmore, OKLA, 73401, USA
- Biomaterials Laboratory, Material Research Center, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Suwon, South Korea
| | - David V Huhman
- Plant Biology Division, Noble Research Institute, Ardmore, OKLA, 73401, USA
| | - Bonnie S Watson
- Plant Biology Division, Noble Research Institute, Ardmore, OKLA, 73401, USA
| | - Stacy N Allen
- Plant Biology Division, Noble Research Institute, Ardmore, OKLA, 73401, USA
| | - Yuhong Tang
- Plant Biology Division, Noble Research Institute, Ardmore, OKLA, 73401, USA
| | - Karel Miettinen
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Philipp Arendt
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jacob Pollier
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alain Goossens
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lloyd W Sumner
- Plant Biology Division, Noble Research Institute, Ardmore, OKLA, 73401, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry, Interdisciplinary Plant Group, Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
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Li D, Ma Y, Zhou Y, Gou J, Zhong Y, Zhao L, Han L, Ovchinnikov S, Ma L, Huang S, Greisen P, Shang Y. A structural and data-driven approach to engineering a plant cytochrome P450 enzyme. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2019; 62:873-882. [DOI: 10.1007/s11427-019-9538-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Ebert BE, Czarnotta E, Blank LM. Physiologic and metabolic characterization of Saccharomyces cerevisiae reveals limitations in the synthesis of the triterpene squalene. FEMS Yeast Res 2019; 18:5056161. [PMID: 30053028 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/foy077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterologous synthesis of triterpenoids in Saccharomyces cerevisiae from its native metabolite squalene has been reported to offer an alternative to chemical synthesis and extraction from plant material if productivities can be increased.Here, we physiologically characterized a squalene overproducing S. cerevisiae CEN.PK strain to elucidate the effect of cultivation conditions on the production of this central triterpenoid precursor. The maximum achievable squalene concentration was substantially influenced by nutritional conditions, medium composition and cultivation mode. Batch growth on glucose resulted in minimal squalene accumulation, while squalene only significantly accumulated during ethanol consumption (up to 59 mg/gCDW), probably due to increased acetyl-CoA supply on this carbon source. Likewise, low squalene concentrations were observed in glucose-limited chemostat cultivations and improved up to 8-fold upon increasing the ethanol fraction in the feed. In those experiments, a constant, growth-rate-independent specific squalene accumulation rate (2.2 mg/gCDW/h) was recorded resulting in a maximal squalene loading of 30 mg/gCDW at low dilution rates with longer residence times. Coenzyme A availability was identified as possible bottleneck as increased vitamin concentrations, including the Coenzyme A precursor pantothenate, improved squalene titers in batch and chemostat cultivations. This analysis demonstrates that thorough physiologic characterization of production strains is valuable for the identification of bottlenecks already in early stages of strain development and for guiding further optimization efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgitta E Ebert
- iAMB-Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt-Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Eik Czarnotta
- iAMB-Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt-Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Lars M Blank
- iAMB-Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt-Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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Krishnamurthy P, Fujisawa Y, Takahashi Y, Abe H, Yamane K, Mukaiyama K, Son HR, Hiraga S, Kaga A, Anai T, Tsukamoto C, Ishimoto M. High-Throughput Screening and Characterization of a High-Density Soybean Mutant Library Elucidate the Biosynthesis Pathway of Triterpenoid Saponins. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:1082-1097. [PMID: 30753604 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Triterpenes (C30) constitute one of the diverse class of natural products with potential applications in food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. Soyasaponins are oleanane-type triterpenoids widespread among legumes and particularly abundant in soybean seeds. They have associated with various pharmacological implications and undesirable taste properties of soybean-based food products. Uncovering the biosynthetic genes of soyasaponins will provide new opportunities to control the pathway for human benefits. However, the pathway of soyasaponin biosynthesis has not been fully elucidated in part because of a paucity of natural mutants. Here, we applied a structured high-density soybean mutant library for the forward genetic screening of triterpenoid biosynthesis. The seed soyasaponin polymorphism in the mutant library was evaluated using a high-throughput thin-layer chromatography and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry analysis. This screening identified 35 mutants (3.85% of 909 mutant lines) with seven unusual soyasaponin phenotypes (Categories 1-7), which was greater than the number of natural mutants reported previously (22 mutants, 0.18% of ∼12,428 accessions). Nine unique intermediates of soyasaponin biosynthesis were identified and their chemical structures were estimated based on their MS/MS fragment patterns. Based on published information, 19 mutants could be associated with loss of function of four individual soyasaponin biosynthesis genes identified through expressed sequence tag mining or positional cloning, whereas the remaining 16 mutants were novel and may facilitate discovery of the unknown biosynthetic genes of soyasaponins. Our approach and library may help to identify new phenotype materials and causative genes associated with specialized metabolite production and other traits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yuya Takahashi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
| | - Hanako Abe
- Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
| | - Kentaro Yamane
- Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
| | | | - Hae-Reon Son
- Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
| | - Susumu Hiraga
- Institute of Crop Science, NARO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Akito Kaga
- Institute of Crop Science, NARO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Toyoaki Anai
- Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | | | - Masao Ishimoto
- Institute of Crop Science, NARO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Methyl jasmonate treatment affects the regulation of the 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate pathway and early steps of the triterpenoid biosynthesis in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. ALGAL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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75
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Pütter KM, van Deenen N, Müller B, Fuchs L, Vorwerk K, Unland K, Bröker JN, Scherer E, Huber C, Eisenreich W, Prüfer D, Schulze Gronover C. The enzymes OSC1 and CYP716A263 produce a high variety of triterpenoids in the latex of Taraxacum koksaghyz. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5942. [PMID: 30976052 PMCID: PMC6459903 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42381-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Only very little is known about the resin composition of natural rubber from the dandelion species Taraxacum koksaghyz, thus its full characterization could provide new insights into how the isoprenoid end-products influence the physical properties of natural rubber, and this resin might be a good source of highly diverse triterpenoids. Here, we present a comprehensive analysis of the triterpenoid composition in an acetone extract and identified 13 triterpenes and triterpenoids also including the so far unknown pentacyclic compounds lup-19(21)-en-3-ol (1) and its ketone lup-19(21)-en-3-one (2). We purified single triterpenes from the acetone extract by developing a two-step HPLC system that is adapted to the structural differences of the described triterpenoids. Furthermore, we isolated six different oxidosqualene cyclases (OSCs) and two P450 enzymes, and we functionally characterized TkOSC1 and CYP716A263 in Nicotiana benthamiana and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in detail. TkOSC1 is a multifunctional OSC that was capable of synthesizing at least four of the latex-predominant pentacyclic triterpenes (taraxasterol, α-, β-amyrin and lup-19(21)-en-3-ol) while CYP716A263 oxidized pentacyclic triterpenes at the C-3 position. The identified enzymes responsible for biosynthesis and modification of pentacyclic triterpenes in T. koksaghyz latex may represent excellent tools for bioengineering approaches to produce pentacyclic triterpenes heterologously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina M Pütter
- University of Muenster, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Schlossplatz 8, 48143, Muenster, Germany
| | - Nicole van Deenen
- University of Muenster, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Schlossplatz 8, 48143, Muenster, Germany
| | - Boje Müller
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Schlossplatz 8, 48143, Muenster, Germany
| | - Lea Fuchs
- University of Muenster, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Schlossplatz 8, 48143, Muenster, Germany
| | - Kirsten Vorwerk
- University of Muenster, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Schlossplatz 8, 48143, Muenster, Germany
| | - Kristina Unland
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Schlossplatz 8, 48143, Muenster, Germany
| | - Jan Niklas Bröker
- University of Muenster, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Schlossplatz 8, 48143, Muenster, Germany
| | - Emely Scherer
- Technische Universität München, Chair of Biochemistry, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85747, Garching, Germany
| | - Claudia Huber
- Technische Universität München, Chair of Biochemistry, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85747, Garching, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Eisenreich
- Technische Universität München, Chair of Biochemistry, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85747, Garching, Germany
| | - Dirk Prüfer
- University of Muenster, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Schlossplatz 8, 48143, Muenster, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Schlossplatz 8, 48143, Muenster, Germany
| | - Christian Schulze Gronover
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Schlossplatz 8, 48143, Muenster, Germany.
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76
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Sandeep, Misra RC, Chanotiya CS, Mukhopadhyay P, Ghosh S. Oxidosqualene cyclase and CYP716 enzymes contribute to triterpene structural diversity in the medicinal tree banaba. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 222:408-424. [PMID: 30472753 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Pentacyclic triterpenes (PCTs) represent a major class of bioactive metabolites in banaba (Lagerstroemia speciosa) leaves; however, biosynthetic enzymes and their involvement in the temporal accumulation of PCTs remain to be studied. We use an integrated approach involving transcriptomics, metabolomics and gene function analysis to identify oxidosqualene cyclases (OSCs) and cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) that catalyzed sequential cyclization and oxidative reactions towards PCT scaffold diversification. Four monofunctional OSCs (LsOSC1,3-5) converted the triterpene precursor 2,3-oxidosqualene to either lupeol, β-amyrin or cycloartenol, and a multifunctional LsOSC2 formed α-amyrin as a major product along with β-amyrin. Two CYP716 family P450s (CYP716A265, CYP716A266) catalyzed C-28 oxidation of α-amyrin, β-amyrin and lupeol to form ursolic acid, oleanolic acid and betulinic acid, respectively. However, CYP716C55 catalyzed C-2α hydroxylation of ursolic acid and oleanolic acid to produce corosolic acid and maslinic acid, respectively. Besides, combined transcript and metabolite analysis suggested major roles for the LsOSC2, CYP716A265 and CYP716C55 in determining leaf ursane and oleanane profiles. Combinatorial expression of OSCs and CYP716s in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Nicotiana benthamiana led to PCT pathway reconstruction, signifying the utility of banaba enzymes for bioactive PCT production in alternate plant/microbial hosts that are more easily tractable than the tree species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep
- Biotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Rajesh Chandra Misra
- Biotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Chandan Singh Chanotiya
- Chemical Sciences Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Pradipto Mukhopadhyay
- Biotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Sumit Ghosh
- Biotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, India
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77
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Ahmad F, Anggita VS. Enhancement of saponin accumulation in adventitious root culture of Javanese ginseng (Talinum paniculatum Gaertn.) through methyl jasmonate and salicylic
acid elicitation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.5897/ajb2018.16736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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78
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Kempinski C, Jiang Z, Zinck G, Sato SJ, Ge Z, Clemente TE, Chappell J. Engineering linear, branched-chain triterpene metabolism in monocots. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2019; 17:373-385. [PMID: 29979490 PMCID: PMC6335073 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Triterpenes are thirty-carbon compounds derived from the universal five-carbon prenyl precursors isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP). Normally, triterpenes are synthesized via the mevalonate (MVA) pathway operating in the cytoplasm of eukaryotes where DMAPP is condensed with two IPPs to yield farnesyl diphosphate (FPP), catalyzed by FPP synthase (FPS). Squalene synthase (SQS) condenses two molecules of FPP to generate the symmetrical product squalene, the first committed precursor to sterols and most other triterpenes. In the green algae Botryococcus braunii, two FPP molecules can also be condensed in an asymmetric manner yielding the more highly branched triterpene, botryococcene. Botryococcene is an attractive molecule because of its potential as a biofuel and petrochemical feedstock. Because B. braunii, the only native host for botryococcene biosynthesis, is difficult to grow, there have been efforts to move botryococcene biosynthesis into organisms more amenable to large-scale production. Here, we report the genetic engineering of the model monocot, Brachypodium distachyon, for botryococcene biosynthesis and accumulation. A subcellular targeting strategy was used, directing the enzymes (botryococcene synthase [BS] and FPS) to either the cytosol or the plastid. High titres of botryococcene (>1 mg/g FW in T0 mature plants) were obtained using the cytosolic-targeting strategy. Plastid-targeted BS + FPS lines accumulated botryococcene (albeit in lesser amounts than the cytosolic BS + FPS lines), but they showed a detrimental phenotype dependent on plastid-targeted FPS, and could not proliferate and survive to set seed under phototrophic conditions. These results highlight intriguing differences in isoprenoid metabolism between dicots and monocots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chase Kempinski
- Plant Biology ProgramUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKYUSA
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKYUSA
| | - Zuodong Jiang
- Plant Biology ProgramUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKYUSA
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKYUSA
- Present address:
Department of Soil and Crop SciencesTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX77843USA
| | - Garrett Zinck
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKYUSA
| | - Shirley J. Sato
- Center for BiotechnologyUniversity of Nebraska‐LincolnLincolnNEUSA
| | - Zhengxiang Ge
- Center for BiotechnologyUniversity of Nebraska‐LincolnLincolnNEUSA
| | | | - Joe Chappell
- Plant Biology ProgramUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKYUSA
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKYUSA
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79
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D'Adamo S, Schiano di Visconte G, Lowe G, Szaub‐Newton J, Beacham T, Landels A, Allen MJ, Spicer A, Matthijs M. Engineering the unicellular alga Phaeodactylum tricornutum for high-value plant triterpenoid production. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2019; 17:75-87. [PMID: 29754445 PMCID: PMC6330534 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Plant triterpenoids constitute a diverse class of organic compounds that play a major role in development, plant defence and environmental interaction. Several triterpenes have demonstrated potential as pharmaceuticals. One example is betulin, which has shown promise as a pharmaceutical precursor for the treatment of certain cancers and HIV. Major challenges for triterpenoid commercialization include their low production levels and their cost-effective purification from the complex mixtures present in their natural hosts. Therefore, attempts to produce these compounds in industrially relevant microbial systems such as bacteria and yeasts have attracted great interest. Here, we report the production of the triterpenes betulin and its precursor lupeol in the photosynthetic diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum, a unicellular eukaryotic alga. This was achieved by introducing three plant enzymes in the microalga: a Lotus japonicus oxidosqualene cyclase and a Medicago truncatula cytochrome P450 along with its native reductase. The introduction of the L. japonicus oxidosqualene cyclase perturbed the mRNA expression levels of the native mevalonate and sterol biosynthesis pathway. The best performing strains were selected and grown in a 550-L pilot-scale photobioreactor facility. To our knowledge, this is the most extensive pathway engineering undertaken in a diatom and the first time that a sapogenin has been artificially produced in a microalga, demonstrating the feasibility of the photo-bio-production of more complex high-value, metabolites in microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah D'Adamo
- Eden LaboratoryAlgenuityStewartbyUK
- Wageningen Universiteit en ResearchcentrumBioprocess EngineeringWageningenThe Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Andrew Landels
- PML: Plymouth Marine LaboratoryPlymouthUK
- Rothamsted ResearchHarpendenUK
| | - Michael J. Allen
- PML: Plymouth Marine LaboratoryPlymouthUK
- BiosciencesCollege of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of ExeterExeterUK
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80
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Tetali SD. Terpenes and isoprenoids: a wealth of compounds for global use. PLANTA 2019; 249:1-8. [PMID: 30467631 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-018-3056-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Role of terpenes and isoprenoids has been pivotal in the survival and evolution of higher plants in various ecoregions. These products find application in the pharmaceutical, flavor fragrance, and biofuel industries. Fitness of plants in a wide range of environmental conditions entailed (i) evolution of secondary metabolic pathways enabling utilization of photosynthate for the synthesis of a variety of biomolecules, thereby facilitating diverse eco-interactive functions, and (ii) evolution of structural features for the sequestration of such compounds away from the mainstream primary metabolism to prevent autotoxicity. This review summarizes features and applications of terpene and isoprenoid compounds, comprising the largest class of secondary metabolites. Many of these terpene and isoprenoid biomolecules happen to be high-value bioproducts. They are essential components of all living organisms that are chemically highly variant. They are constituents of primary (quinones, chlorophylls, carotenoids, steroids) as well as secondary metabolism compounds with roles in signal transduction, reproduction, communication, climatic acclimation, defense mechanisms and more. They comprise single to several hundreds of repetitive five-carbon units of isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) and its isomer dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP). In plants, there are two pathways that lead to the synthesis of terpene and isoprenoid precursors, the cytosolic mevalonic acid (MVA) pathway and the plastidic methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway. The diversity of terpenoids can be attributed to differential enzyme and substrate specificities and to secondary modifications acquired by terpene synthases. The biological role of secondary metabolites has been recognized as pivotal in the survival and evolution of higher plants. Terpenes and isoprenoids find application in pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, synthetic chemistry, flavor fragrance, and possibly biofuel industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarada D Tetali
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, C. R. Prof. CR Rao Rd., CUC, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500046, Telangana, India.
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81
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Shang Y, Huang S. Multi-omics data-driven investigations of metabolic diversity of plant triterpenoids. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 97:101-111. [PMID: 30341835 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The vast majority of structurally diverse metabolites play essential roles in mediating the interactions between plant and environment, and constitute a valuable resource for industrial applications. Recent breakthroughs in sequencing technology have greatly accelerated metabolic studies of natural plant products, providing opportunities to investigate the molecular basis underlying the diversity of specialized plant metabolites through large-scale analysis. Here, we focus on the biosynthesis of plant triterpenoids, especially the three diversifying reactions (cyclization, oxidation and glycosylation) that largely contribute to the structural diversity of triterpenoids. Gene mining through large-scale omics data and functional characterization of metabolic genes including enzymes, transcription factors and transporters could provide important insights into the evolution of specialized plant metabolism and pave the way for the production of high-value metabolites or derivatives using synthetic biology approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Shang
- The CAAS-YNNU-YINMORE Joint Academy of Potato Science, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Sanwen Huang
- Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518124, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Sino-Dutch Joint Laboratory of Horticultural Genomics, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100084, China
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82
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Transcriptional Profiles of Secondary Metabolite Biosynthesis Genes and Cytochromes in the Leaves of Four Papaver Species. DATA 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/data3040055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Poppies are well-known plants in the family Papaveraceae that are rich in alkaloids. This family contains 61 species, and in this study we sequenced the transcriptomes of four species’ (Papaver rhoeas, Papaver nudicaule, Papaver fauriei, and Papaver somniferum) leaves. These transcripts were systematically assessed for the expression of secondary metabolite biosynthesis (SMB) genes and cytochromes, and their expression profiles were assessed for use in bioinformatics analyses. This study contributed 265 Gb (13 libraries with three biological replicates) of leaf transcriptome data from three Papaver plant developmental stages. Sequenced transcripts were assembled into 815 Mb of contigs, including 226 Mb of full-length transcripts. The transcripts for 53 KEGG pathways, 55 cytochrome superfamilies, and benzylisoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis (BIA) were identified and compared to four other alkaloid-rich genomes. Additionally, 22 different alkaloids and their relative expression profiles in three developmental stages of Papaver species were assessed by targeted metabolomics using LC-QTOF-MS/MS. Collectively, the results are given in co-occurrence heat-maps to help researchers obtain an overview of the transcripts and their differential expression in the Papaver development life cycle, particularly in leaves. Moreover, this dataset will be a valuable resource to derive hypotheses to mitigate an array of Papaver developmental and secondary metabolite biosynthesis issues in the future.
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83
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Moser S, Strohmeier GA, Leitner E, Plocek TJ, Vanhessche K, Pichler H. Whole-cell (+)-ambrein production in the yeast Pichia pastoris. Metab Eng Commun 2018; 7:e00077. [PMID: 30197866 PMCID: PMC6127371 DOI: 10.1016/j.mec.2018.e00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The triterpenoid (+)-ambrein is a natural precursor for (-)-ambrox, which constitutes one of the most sought-after fragrances and fixatives for the perfume industry. (+)-Ambrein is a major component of ambergris, an intestinal excretion of sperm whales that is found only serendipitously. Thus, the demand for (-)-ambrox is currently mainly met by chemical synthesis. A recent study described for the first time the applicability of an enzyme cascade consisting of two terpene cyclases, namely squalene-hopene cyclase from Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius (AaSHC D377C) and tetraprenyl-β-curcumene cyclase from Bacillus megaterium (BmeTC) for in vitro (+)-ambrein production starting from squalene. Yeasts, such as Pichia pastoris, are natural producers of squalene and have already been shown in the past to be excellent hosts for the biosynthesis of hydrophobic compounds such as terpenoids. By targeting a central enzyme in the sterol biosynthesis pathway, squalene epoxidase Erg1, intracellular squalene levels in P. pastoris could be strongly enhanced. Heterologous expression of AaSHC D377C and BmeTC and, particularly, development of suitable methods to analyze all products of the engineered strain provided conclusive evidence of whole-cell (+)-ambrein production. Engineering of BmeTC led to a remarkable one-enzyme system that was by far superior to the cascade, thereby increasing (+)-ambrein levels approximately 7-fold in shake flask cultivation. Finally, upscaling to 5 L bioreactor yielded more than 100 mg L-1 of (+)-ambrein, demonstrating that metabolically engineered yeast P. pastoris represents a valuable, whole-cell system for high-level production of (+)-ambrein.
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Key Words
- (+)-ambrein
- AOX1, alcohol oxidase
- AaSHC, Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius squalene-hopene cyclase
- BSM, basal salt medium
- BmeTC, Bacillus megaterium terpene cyclase
- CDW, cell dry weight
- FLD1, formaldehyde dehydrogenase 1
- HRP, horse radish peroxidase
- Metabolic engineering
- PTM1, Pichia trace metals
- Pichia pastoris
- Squalene
- Terpene cyclase
- Triterpenoid
- YNB, yeast nitrogen base
- YPD, yeast extract peptone dextrose medium
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Moser
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Petersgasse 14, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Gernot A Strohmeier
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Petersgasse 14, 8010 Graz, Austria.,Institute of Organic Chemistry, NAWI Graz, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Erich Leitner
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas J Plocek
- ACS International S.A., 184 Route de St-Julien, CH-1228 Plan-les-Ouates, Switzerland
| | - Koenraad Vanhessche
- ACS International S.A., 184 Route de St-Julien, CH-1228 Plan-les-Ouates, Switzerland
| | - Harald Pichler
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Petersgasse 14, 8010 Graz, Austria.,Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, BioTechMed Graz, Petersgasse 14/2, 8010 Graz, Austria
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84
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Matsuura HN, Malik S, de Costa F, Yousefzadi M, Mirjalili MH, Arroo R, Bhambra AS, Strnad M, Bonfill M, Fett-Neto AG. Specialized Plant Metabolism Characteristics and Impact on Target Molecule Biotechnological Production. Mol Biotechnol 2018; 60:169-183. [PMID: 29290031 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-017-0056-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Plant secondary metabolism evolved in the context of highly organized and differentiated cells and tissues, featuring massive chemical complexity operating under tight environmental, developmental and genetic control. Biotechnological demand for natural products has been continuously increasing because of their significant value and new applications, mainly as pharmaceuticals. Aseptic production systems of plant secondary metabolites have improved considerably, constituting an attractive tool for increased, stable and large-scale supply of valuable molecules. Surprisingly, to date, only a few examples including taxol, shikonin, berberine and artemisinin have emerged as success cases of commercial production using this strategy. The present review focuses on the main characteristics of plant specialized metabolism and their implications for current strategies used to produce secondary compounds in axenic cultivation systems. The search for consonance between plant secondary metabolism unique features and various in vitro culture systems, including cell, tissue, organ, and engineered cultures, as well as heterologous expression in microbial platforms, is discussed. Data to date strongly suggest that attaining full potential of these biotechnology production strategies requires being able to take advantage of plant specialized metabolism singularities for improved target molecule yields and for bypassing inherent difficulties in its rational manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélio Nitta Matsuura
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Center for Biotechnology and Department of Botany, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Sonia Malik
- Health Sciences Graduate Program, Biological and Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Maranhão, Avenida dos Portugueses, 1966, Bacanga, São Luís, MA, 65.080-805, Brazil
| | - Fernanda de Costa
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Center for Biotechnology and Department of Botany, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Morteza Yousefzadi
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences and Technology, Hormozgan University, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Mirjalili
- Department of Agriculture, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Randolph Arroo
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester, LE1 9BH, UK
| | - Avninder S Bhambra
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester, LE1 9BH, UK
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 11, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Mercedes Bonfill
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Arthur Germano Fett-Neto
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Center for Biotechnology and Department of Botany, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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85
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Nizioł-Łukaszewska Z, Bujak T. Saponins as Natural Raw Materials for Increasing the Safety of Bodywash Cosmetic Use. J SURFACTANTS DETERG 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jsde.12168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zofia Nizioł-Łukaszewska
- Department of Cosmetology; The University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow; Kielnarowa 386a, Tyczyn 36-020 Poland
| | - Tomasz Bujak
- Department of Cosmetology; The University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow; Kielnarowa 386a, Tyczyn 36-020 Poland
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86
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He J, Chen K, Hu ZM, Li K, Song W, Yu LY, Leung CH, Ma DL, Qiao X, Ye M. UGT73F17, a new glycosyltransferase from Glycyrrhiza uralensis, catalyzes the regiospecific glycosylation of pentacyclic triterpenoids. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:8594-8597. [PMID: 30010690 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc04215b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The regiospecific glycosylation of pentacyclic triterpenoids by UGT73F17, a new glycosyltransferase from Glycyrrhiza uralensis, is highlighted. UGT73F17 exhibited strict substrate specificity toward the carboxyl group at C-30/C-29 of pentacyclic triterpenoids, and showed high promiscuity to sugar donors. UGT73F17 represents the first identified triterpenoid 30/29-O-glycosyltransferase, and could be used as an effective biocatalyst to synthesize glycosyl ester saponins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junbin He
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Kuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Zhi-Min Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Kai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Wei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Li-Yan Yu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Chung-Hang Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Dik-Lung Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xue Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Min Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China.
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87
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Mozaniel SDO, Wanessa ADC, Fernanda WFB, Marilena EA, Gracialda CF, Raul NDCJ. Phytochemical profile and biological activities of Momordica charantia L. (Cucurbitaceae): A review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.5897/ajb2017.16374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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88
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Seki H, Tamura K, Muranaka T. Plant-derived isoprenoid sweeteners: recent progress in biosynthetic gene discovery and perspectives on microbial production. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2018; 82:927-934. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2017.1387514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Increased public awareness of negative health effects associated with excess sugar consumption has triggered increasing interest in plant-derived natural sweeteners. Steviol glycosides are a group of highly sweet diterpene glycosides contained in the leaves of stevia (Stevia rebaudiana). Mogrosides, extracted from monk fruit (Siraitia grosvenorii), are a group of cucurbitane-type triterpenoid glycosides. Glycyrrhizin is an oleanane-type triterpenoid glycoside derived from the underground parts of Glycyrrhiza plants (licorice). This review focuses on the natural isoprenoid sweetening agents steviol glycosides, mogrosides, and glycyrrhizin, and describes recent progress in gene discovery and elucidation of the catalytic functions of their biosynthetic enzymes. Recently, remarkable progress has been made in engineering the production of various plant-specialized metabolites in microbial hosts such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae via the introduction of biosynthetic enzyme genes. Perspectives on the microbial production of plant-derived natural sweeteners are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikaru Seki
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Keita Tamura
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Toshiya Muranaka
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
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89
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Abstract
Insect pests are responsible for substantial crop losses worldwide through direct damage and transmission of plant diseases, and novel approaches that complement or replace broad-spectrum chemical insecticides will facilitate the sustainable intensification of food production in the coming decades. Multiple strategies for improved crop resistance to insect pests, especially strategies relating to plant secondary metabolism and immunity and microbiome science, are becoming available. Recent advances in metabolic engineering of plant secondary chemistry offer the promise of specific toxicity or deterrence to insect pests; improved understanding of plant immunity against insects provides routes to optimize plant defenses against insects; and the microbiomes of insect pests can be exploited, either as a target or as a vehicle for delivery of insecticidal agents. Implementation of these advances will be facilitated by ongoing advances in plant breeding and genetic technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela E Douglas
- Department of Entomology and Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, USA;
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90
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Sankari M, Rao PR, Hemachandran H, Pullela PK, Doss C GP, Tayubi IA, Subramanian B, Gothandam KM, Singh P, Ramamoorthy S. Prospects and progress in the production of valuable carotenoids: Insights from metabolic engineering, synthetic biology, and computational approaches. J Biotechnol 2018; 266:89-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2017.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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91
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Salvador JA, Leal AS, Valdeira AS, Gonçalves BM, Alho DP, Figueiredo SA, Silvestre SM, Mendes VI. Oleanane-, ursane-, and quinone methide friedelane-type triterpenoid derivatives: Recent advances in cancer treatment. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 142:95-130. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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92
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Zhu M, Wang C, Sun W, Zhou A, Wang Y, Zhang G, Zhou X, Huo Y, Li C. Boosting 11-oxo-β-amyrin and glycyrrhetinic acid synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae via pairing novel oxidation and reduction system from legume plants. Metab Eng 2017; 45:43-50. [PMID: 29196123 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2017.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) and its precursor, 11-oxo-β-amyrin, are typical triterpenoids found in the roots of licorice, a traditional Chinese medicinal herb that exhibits diverse functions and physiological effects. In this study, we developed a novel and highly efficient pathway for the synthesis of GA and 11-oxo-β-amyrin in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by introducing efficient cytochrome P450s (CYP450s: Uni25647 and CYP72A63) and pairing their reduction systems from legume plants through transcriptome and genome-wide screening and identification. By increasing the copy number of Uni25647 and pairing cytochrome P450 reductases (CPRs) from various plant sources, the titers of 11-oxo-β-amyrin and GA were increased to 108.1 ± 4.6mg/L and 18.9 ± 2.0mg/L, which were nearly 1422-fold and 946.5-fold higher, respectively, compared with previously reported data. To the best of our knowledge, these are the highest titers reported for GA and 11-oxo-β-amyrin from S. cerevisiae, indicating an encouraging and promising approach for obtaining increased GA and its related triterpenoids without destroying the licorice plant or the soil ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Caixia Wang
- Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Wentao Sun
- Institute for Biotransformation and Synthetic Biosystem/Department of Biological Engineering, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Anqi Zhou
- Institute for Biotransformation and Synthetic Biosystem/Department of Biological Engineering, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Institute for Biotransformation and Synthetic Biosystem/Department of Biological Engineering, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Genlin Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhou
- Institute for Biotransformation and Synthetic Biosystem/Department of Biological Engineering, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yixin Huo
- Institute for Biotransformation and Synthetic Biosystem/Department of Biological Engineering, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chun Li
- Institute for Biotransformation and Synthetic Biosystem/Department of Biological Engineering, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
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93
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Lv JM, Hu D, Gao H, Kushiro T, Awakawa T, Chen GD, Wang CX, Abe I, Yao XS. Biosynthesis of helvolic acid and identification of an unusual C-4-demethylation process distinct from sterol biosynthesis. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1644. [PMID: 29158519 PMCID: PMC5696383 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01813-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusidane-type antibiotics represented by helvolic acid, fusidic acid and cephalosporin P1 are a class of bacteriostatic agents, which have drawn renewed attention because they have no cross-resistance to commonly used antibiotics. However, their biosynthesis is poorly understood. Here, we perform a stepwise introduction of the nine genes from the proposed gene cluster for helvolic acid into Aspergillus oryzae NSAR1, which enables us to isolate helvolic acid (~20 mg L-1) and its 21 derivatives. Anti-Staphylococcus aureus assay reveals that the antibacterial activity of three intermediates is even stronger than that of helvolic acid. Notably, we observe an unusual C-4 demethylation process mediated by a promiscuous short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (HelC) and a cytochrome P450 enzyme (HelB1), which is distinct from the common sterol biosynthesis. These studies have set the stage for using biosynthetic approaches to expand chemical diversity of fusidane-type antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ming Lv
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Hu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Gao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tetsuo Kushiro
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Awakawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Guo-Dong Chen
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuan-Xi Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Ikuro Abe
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Xin-Sheng Yao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China.
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94
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Ayokun-nun Ajao A, Alimi AA, Olatunji OA, Balogun FO, Saheed SA. A synopsis of anti-psychotic medicinal plants in Nigeria. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/0035919x.2017.1386138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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95
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de Costa F, Barber CJS, Kim YB, Reed DW, Zhang H, Fett-Neto AG, Covello PS. Molecular cloning of an ester-forming triterpenoid: UDP-glucose 28-O-glucosyltransferase involved in saponin biosynthesis from the medicinal plant Centella asiatica. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 262:9-17. [PMID: 28716424 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2017.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Triterpene saponins include bioactive compounds with structures consisting of triterpene aglycones (sapogenins) and one or more sugar moieties linked through acetal or ester glycosidic linkages at one or more sites. Centella asiatica (L.) Urban is a medicinal plant that contains bioactive ursane-type saponins, such as madecassoside and asiaticoside. In this work, glucosylation of triterpenoids in C. asiatica was investigated starting with plant extracts. An enzyme capable of glucosylating asiatic and madecassic acids was partially purified. Proteomics methods and cDNA sequence data were employed as tools to obtain a full-length cDNA clone encoding a glucosyltransferase. The recombinant gene product, UGT73AD1, was functionally expressed in Escherichia coli and purified by immobilized metal-affinity chromatography. Purified recombinant UGT73AD1 was found to have a narrow specificity, glucosylating asiatic and madecassic acids at the C28 carboxyl. mRNA accumulated in all tissues tested (leaves, stems, roots and flowers), with highest expression in leaves. Thus, UGT73AD1 was identified as a triterpenoid carboxylic acid: UDP-glucose 28-O-glucosyltransferase that appears to be involved in saponin biosynthesis in C. asiatica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda de Costa
- National Research Council of Canada, 110 Gymnasium Pl., Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W9, Canada; Plant Physiology Laboratory, Center for Biotechnology and Department of Botany, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre, RS 91501-970, Brazil.
| | - Carla J S Barber
- National Research Council of Canada, 110 Gymnasium Pl., Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W9, Canada.
| | - Yeon-Bok Kim
- National Research Council of Canada, 110 Gymnasium Pl., Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W9, Canada; Herbal Crop Research Division, Department of Herbal Crop Research, Bisanro 92, Eumseong, Chungbuk, 369-873, Korea.
| | - Darwin W Reed
- National Research Council of Canada, 110 Gymnasium Pl., Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W9, Canada.
| | - Haixia Zhang
- National Research Council of Canada, 110 Gymnasium Pl., Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W9, Canada.
| | - Arthur G Fett-Neto
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Center for Biotechnology and Department of Botany, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre, RS 91501-970, Brazil.
| | - Patrick S Covello
- National Research Council of Canada, 110 Gymnasium Pl., Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W9, Canada.
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96
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Czarnotta E, Dianat M, Korf M, Granica F, Merz J, Maury J, Baallal Jacobsen SA, Förster J, Ebert BE, Blank LM. Fermentation and purification strategies for the production of betulinic acid and its lupane-type precursors in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biotechnol Bioeng 2017; 114:2528-2538. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.26377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eik Czarnotta
- iAMB-Institute of Applied Microbiology; ABBt-Aachen Biology and Biotechnology; RWTH Aachen University; Aachen Germany
| | - Mariam Dianat
- iAMB-Institute of Applied Microbiology; ABBt-Aachen Biology and Biotechnology; RWTH Aachen University; Aachen Germany
| | - Marcel Korf
- APT-Laboratory of Plant and Process Design; Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering; TU Dortmund University; Dortmund Germany
| | - Fabian Granica
- APT-Laboratory of Plant and Process Design; Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering; TU Dortmund University; Dortmund Germany
| | - Juliane Merz
- APT-Laboratory of Plant and Process Design; Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering; TU Dortmund University; Dortmund Germany
| | - Jérôme Maury
- Technical University of Denmark; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability; Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Simo A. Baallal Jacobsen
- Technical University of Denmark; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability; Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Jochen Förster
- Technical University of Denmark; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability; Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Birgitta E. Ebert
- iAMB-Institute of Applied Microbiology; ABBt-Aachen Biology and Biotechnology; RWTH Aachen University; Aachen Germany
| | - Lars M. Blank
- iAMB-Institute of Applied Microbiology; ABBt-Aachen Biology and Biotechnology; RWTH Aachen University; Aachen Germany
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97
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Singh AK, Kumar SR, Dwivedi V, Rai A, Pal S, Shasany AK, Nagegowda DA. A WRKY transcription factor from Withania somnifera regulates triterpenoid withanolide accumulation and biotic stress tolerance through modulation of phytosterol and defense pathways. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017. [PMID: 28649699 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Withania somnifera produces pharmacologically important triterpenoid withanolides that are derived via phytosterol pathway; however, their biosynthesis and regulation remain to be elucidated. A jasmonate- and salicin-inducible WRKY transcription factor from W. somnifera (WsWRKY1) exhibiting correlation with withaferin A accumulation was functionally characterized employing virus-induced gene silencing and overexpression studies combined with transcript and metabolite analyses, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. WsWRKY1 silencing resulted in stunted plant growth, reduced transcripts of phytosterol pathway genes with corresponding reduction in phytosterols and withanolides in W. somnifera. Its overexpression elevated the biosynthesis of triterpenoids in W. somnifera (phytosterols and withanolides), as well as tobacco and tomato (phytosterols). Moreover, WsWRKY1 binds to W-box sequences in promoters of W. somnifera genes encoding squalene synthase and squalene epoxidase, indicating its direct regulation of triterpenoid pathway. Furthermore, while WsWRKY1 silencing in W. somnifera compromised the tolerance to bacterial growth, fungal infection, and insect feeding, its overexpression in tobacco led to improved biotic stress tolerance. Together these findings demonstrate that WsWRKY1 has a positive regulatory role on phytosterol and withanolides biosynthesis, and defense against biotic stress, highlighting its importance as a metabolic engineering tool for simultaneous improvement of triterpenoid biosynthesis and plant defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup Kumar Singh
- Molecular Plant Biology and Biotechnology Lab, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Centre, Allalasandra, GKVK Post, Bengaluru, 560065, India
| | - Sarma Rajeev Kumar
- Molecular Plant Biology and Biotechnology Lab, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Centre, Allalasandra, GKVK Post, Bengaluru, 560065, India
| | - Varun Dwivedi
- Molecular Plant Biology and Biotechnology Lab, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Centre, Allalasandra, GKVK Post, Bengaluru, 560065, India
| | - Avanish Rai
- Molecular Plant Biology and Biotechnology Lab, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Centre, Allalasandra, GKVK Post, Bengaluru, 560065, India
| | - Shaifali Pal
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Ajit K Shasany
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Dinesh A Nagegowda
- Molecular Plant Biology and Biotechnology Lab, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Centre, Allalasandra, GKVK Post, Bengaluru, 560065, India
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98
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Awasthi M, Upadhyay AK, Singh S, Pandey VP, Dwivedi UN. Terpenoids as promising therapeutic molecules against Alzheimer’s disease: amyloid beta- and acetylcholinesterase-directed pharmacokinetic and molecular docking analyses. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2017.1334880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manika Awasthi
- Department of Biochemistry, Bioinformatics Infrastructure Facility, Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, India
| | - Arun K. Upadhyay
- Department of Biochemistry, Bioinformatics Infrastructure Facility, Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, India
| | - Swati Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Bioinformatics Infrastructure Facility, Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, India
| | - Veda P. Pandey
- Department of Biochemistry, Bioinformatics Infrastructure Facility, Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, India
| | - Upendra N. Dwivedi
- Department of Biochemistry, Bioinformatics Infrastructure Facility, Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, India
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99
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Misra RC, Sharma S, Garg A, Chanotiya CS, Ghosh S. Two CYP716A subfamily cytochrome P450 monooxygenases of sweet basil play similar but nonredundant roles in ursane- and oleanane-type pentacyclic triterpene biosynthesis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 214:706-720. [PMID: 28967669 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The medicinal plant sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum) accumulates bioactive ursane- and oleanane-type pentacyclic triterpenes (PCTs), ursolic acid and oleanolic acid, respectively, in a spatio-temporal manner; however, the biosynthetic enzymes and their contributions towards PCT biosynthesis remain to be elucidated. Two CYP716A subfamily cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYP716A252 and CYP716A253) are identified from a methyl jasmonate-responsive expression sequence tag collection and functionally characterized, employing yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) expression platform and adapting virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) in sweet basil. CYP716A252 and CYP716A253 catalyzed sequential three-step oxidation at the C-28 position of α-amyrin and β-amyrin to produce ursolic acid and oleanolic acid, respectively. Although CYP716A253 was more efficient than CYP716A252 for amyrin C-28 oxidation in yeast, VIGS revealed essential roles for both of these CYP716As in constitutive biosynthesis of ursolic acid and oleanolic acid in sweet basil leaves. However, CYP716A253 played a major role in elicitor-induced biosynthesis of ursolic acid and oleanolic acid. Overall, the results suggest similar as well as distinct roles of CYP716A252 and CYP716A253 for the spatio-temporal biosynthesis of PCTs. CYP716A252 and CYP716A253 might be useful for the alternative and sustainable production of PCTs in microbial host, besides increasing plant metabolite content through genetic modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Chandra Misra
- Biotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Shubha Sharma
- Biotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Anchal Garg
- Biotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Chandan Singh Chanotiya
- Analytical Chemistry Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Sumit Ghosh
- Biotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India
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100
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Miettinen K, Pollier J, Buyst D, Arendt P, Csuk R, Sommerwerk S, Moses T, Mertens J, Sonawane PD, Pauwels L, Aharoni A, Martins J, Nelson DR, Goossens A. The ancient CYP716 family is a major contributor to the diversification of eudicot triterpenoid biosynthesis. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14153. [PMID: 28165039 PMCID: PMC5303825 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Triterpenoids are widespread bioactive plant defence compounds with potential use as pharmaceuticals, pesticides and other high-value products. Enzymes belonging to the cytochrome P450 family have an essential role in creating the immense structural diversity of triterpenoids across the plant kingdom. However, for many triterpenoid oxidation reactions, the corresponding enzyme remains unknown. Here we characterize CYP716 enzymes from different medicinal plant species by heterologous expression in engineered yeasts and report ten hitherto unreported triterpenoid oxidation activities, including a cyclization reaction, leading to a triterpenoid lactone. Kingdom-wide phylogenetic analysis of over 400 CYP716s from over 200 plant species reveals details of their evolution and suggests that in eudicots the CYP716s evolved specifically towards triterpenoid biosynthesis. Our findings underscore the great potential of CYP716s as a source for generating triterpenoid structural diversity and expand the toolbox available for synthetic biology programmes for sustainable production of bioactive plant triterpenoids. Cytochrome P450 family enzymes have an essential role in the creation of triterpenoid diversity in plants. Here, the authors describe triterpenoid synthesis as mediated by CYP716 enzymes in medicinal plant species, and perform phylogenetic analysis to describe CYP716 molecular evolution in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel Miettinen
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark 927, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jacob Pollier
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark 927, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dieter Buyst
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Philipp Arendt
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark 927, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium.,Laboratory for Protein Biochemistry and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.,VIB Medical Biotechnology Center, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - René Csuk
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Sven Sommerwerk
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Tessa Moses
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark 927, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan Mertens
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark 927, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Prashant D Sonawane
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Laurens Pauwels
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark 927, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Asaph Aharoni
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - José Martins
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - David R Nelson
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, USA
| | - Alain Goossens
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark 927, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
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