51
|
Pla P, Monsoro-Burq AH. The neural border: Induction, specification and maturation of the territory that generates neural crest cells. Dev Biol 2018; 444 Suppl 1:S36-S46. [PMID: 29852131 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2018.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The neural crest is induced at the edge between the neural plate and the nonneural ectoderm, in an area called the neural (plate) border, during gastrulation and neurulation. In recent years, many studies have explored how this domain is patterned, and how the neural crest is induced within this territory, that also participates to the prospective dorsal neural tube, the dorsalmost nonneural ectoderm, as well as placode derivatives in the anterior area. This review highlights the tissue interactions, the cell-cell signaling and the molecular mechanisms involved in this dynamic spatiotemporal patterning, resulting in the induction of the premigratory neural crest. Collectively, these studies allow building a complex neural border and early neural crest gene regulatory network, mostly composed by transcriptional regulations but also, more recently, including novel signaling interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Pla
- Univ. Paris Sud, Université Paris Saclay, CNRS UMR 3347, INSERM U1021, Centre Universitaire, 15, rue Georges Clémenceau, F-91405 Orsay, France; Institut Curie Research Division, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 3347, INSERM U1021, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - Anne H Monsoro-Burq
- Univ. Paris Sud, Université Paris Saclay, CNRS UMR 3347, INSERM U1021, Centre Universitaire, 15, rue Georges Clémenceau, F-91405 Orsay, France; Institut Curie Research Division, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 3347, INSERM U1021, F-91405 Orsay, France; Institut Universitaire de France, F-75005, Paris.
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Ossipova O, Kerney R, Saint-Jeannet JP, Sokol SY. Regulation of neural crest development by the formin family protein Daam1. Genesis 2018; 56:e23108. [PMID: 29673042 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The neural crest (NC) multipotent progenitor cells form at the neural plate border and migrate to diverse locations in the embryo to differentiate into many cell types. NC is specified by several embryonic pathways, however the role of noncanonical Wnt signaling in this process remains poorly defined. Daam1 is a formin family protein that is present in embryonic ectoderm at the time of NC formation and can mediate noncanonical Wnt signaling. Our interference experiments indicated that Daam1 is required for NC gene activation. To further study the function of Daam1 in NC development we used a transgenic reporter Xenopus line, in which GFP transcription is driven by sox10 upstream regulatory sequences. The activation of the sox10:GFP reporter in a subset of NC cells was suppressed after Daam1 depletion and in embryos expressing N-Daam1, a dominant interfering construct. Moreover, N-Daam1 blocked reporter activation in neuralized ectodermal explants in response to Wnt11, but not Wnt8 or Wnt3a, confirming that the downstream pathways are different. In complementary experiments, a constitutively active Daam1 fragment expanded the NC territory, but this gain-of-function activity was eliminated in a construct with a point mutation in the FH2 domain that is critical for actin polymerization. These observations suggest a new role of Daam1 and actin remodeling in NC specification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Ossipova
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Ryan Kerney
- Department of Biology, Gettysburg College, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania
| | - Jean-Pierre Saint-Jeannet
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology,College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, New York
| | - Sergei Y Sokol
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Gonzalez Malagon SG, Lopez Muñoz AM, Doro D, Bolger TG, Poon E, Tucker ER, Adel Al-Lami H, Krause M, Phiel CJ, Chesler L, Liu KJ. Glycogen synthase kinase 3 controls migration of the neural crest lineage in mouse and Xenopus. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1126. [PMID: 29555900 PMCID: PMC5859133 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03512-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural crest migration is critical to its physiological function. Mechanisms controlling mammalian neural crest migration are comparatively unknown, due to difficulties accessing this cell population in vivo. Here we report requirements of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) in regulating the neural crest in Xenopus and mouse models. We demonstrate that GSK3 is tyrosine phosphorylated (pY) in mouse neural crest cells and that loss of GSK3 leads to increased pFAK and misregulation of Rac1 and lamellipodin, key regulators of cell migration. Genetic reduction of GSK3 results in failure of migration. We find that pY-GSK3 phosphorylation depends on anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), a protein associated with neuroblastoma. Consistent with this, neuroblastoma cells with increased ALK activity express high levels of pY-GSK3, and blockade of GSK3 or ALK can affect migration of these cells. Altogether, this work identifies a role for GSK3 in cell migration during neural crest development and cancer. Defects in neural crest development cause neurocristopathies and cancer, but what regulates this is unclear. Here, the authors show that glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) regulates migration of neural crest cells, as shown on genetic deletion of GSK3 in the mouse, and that this acts via anaplastic lymphoma kinase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna M Lopez Muñoz
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Daniel Doro
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Triòna G Bolger
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Evon Poon
- Paediatric Solid Tumour Biology, Institute of Cancer Research/Royal Marsden NHS Trust, Surrey, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Elizabeth R Tucker
- Paediatric Solid Tumour Biology, Institute of Cancer Research/Royal Marsden NHS Trust, Surrey, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Hadeel Adel Al-Lami
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Matthias Krause
- Randall Division of Cell & Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Christopher J Phiel
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO, 80204, USA
| | - Louis Chesler
- Paediatric Solid Tumour Biology, Institute of Cancer Research/Royal Marsden NHS Trust, Surrey, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Karen J Liu
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Sinnberg T, Levesque MP, Krochmann J, Cheng PF, Ikenberg K, Meraz-Torres F, Niessner H, Garbe C, Busch C. Wnt-signaling enhances neural crest migration of melanoma cells and induces an invasive phenotype. Mol Cancer 2018; 17:59. [PMID: 29454361 PMCID: PMC5816360 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-018-0773-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background During embryonic development Wnt family members and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) cooperatively induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in the neural crest. Wnt and BMPs are reactivated during malignant transformation in melanoma. We previously demonstrated that the BMP-antagonist noggin blocked the EMT phenotype of melanoma cells in the neural crest and malignant invasion of melanoma cells in the chick embryo; vice-versa, malignant invasion was induced in human melanocytes in vivo by pre-treatment with BMP-2. Results Although there are conflicting results in the literature about the role of β-catenin for invasion of melanoma cells, we found Wnt/β-catenin signaling to be analogously important for the EMT-like phenotype of human metastatic melanoma cells in the neural crest and during invasion: β-catenin was frequently expressed at the invasive front of human primary melanomas and Wnt3a expression was inversely correlated with survival of melanoma patients. Accordingly, cytoplasmic β-catenin levels were increased during invasion of melanoma cells in the rhombencephalon of the chick embryo. Fibroblast derived Wnt3a reduced melanoma cell adhesion and enhanced migration, while the β-catenin inhibitor PKF115–584 increased adhesion and reduced migration in vitro and in the chick embryonic neural crest environment in vivo. Similarly, knockdown of β-catenin impaired intradermal melanoma cell invasion and PKF115–584 efficiently reduced liver metastasis in a chick chorioallantoic membrane model. Our observations were accompanied by specific alterations in gene expression which are linked to overall survival of melanoma patients. Conclusion We present a novel role for Wnt-signaling in neural crest like melanoma cell invasion and metastasis, stressing the crucial role of embryonic EMT-inducing neural crest signaling for the spreading of malignant melanoma. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12943-018-0773-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Sinnberg
- Center for Dermatooncology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Tübingen, University of Tübingen, Liebermeisterstr.25, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Mitchell P Levesque
- Department of Dermatology, Universitaets Spital Zürich, Gloriastrasse 31, 8091, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jelena Krochmann
- Center for Dermatooncology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Tübingen, University of Tübingen, Liebermeisterstr.25, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Phil F Cheng
- Department of Dermatology, Universitaets Spital Zürich, Gloriastrasse 31, 8091, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Kristian Ikenberg
- Institute of Clinical Pathology, University Hospital Zürich, Schmelzbergstrasse 12, 8091, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Francisco Meraz-Torres
- Center for Dermatooncology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Tübingen, University of Tübingen, Liebermeisterstr.25, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Heike Niessner
- Center for Dermatooncology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Tübingen, University of Tübingen, Liebermeisterstr.25, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Claus Garbe
- Center for Dermatooncology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Tübingen, University of Tübingen, Liebermeisterstr.25, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christian Busch
- Center for Dermatooncology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Tübingen, University of Tübingen, Liebermeisterstr.25, 72076, Tübingen, Germany. .,Dermateam, Bankstrasse 4, 8400, Winterthur, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Kahata K, Dadras MS, Moustakas A. TGF-β Family Signaling in Epithelial Differentiation and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2018; 10:cshperspect.a022194. [PMID: 28246184 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a022194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Epithelia exist in the animal body since the onset of embryonic development; they generate tissue barriers and specify organs and glands. Through epithelial-mesenchymal transitions (EMTs), epithelia generate mesenchymal cells that form new tissues and promote healing or disease manifestation when epithelial homeostasis is challenged physiologically or pathologically. Transforming growth factor-βs (TGF-βs), activins, bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), and growth and differentiation factors (GDFs) have been implicated in the regulation of epithelial differentiation. These TGF-β family ligands are expressed and secreted at sites where the epithelium interacts with the mesenchyme and provide paracrine queues from the mesenchyme to the neighboring epithelium, helping the specification of differentiated epithelial cell types within an organ. TGF-β ligands signal via Smads and cooperating kinase pathways and control the expression or activities of key transcription factors that promote either epithelial differentiation or mesenchymal transitions. In this review, we discuss evidence that illustrates how TGF-β family ligands contribute to epithelial differentiation and induce mesenchymal transitions, by focusing on the embryonic ectoderm and tissues that form the external mammalian body lining.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Kahata
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mahsa Shahidi Dadras
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Aristidis Moustakas
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Zebrafish Zic Genes Mediate Developmental Signaling. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1046:157-177. [PMID: 29442322 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-7311-3_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of genomics into the field of developmental biology led to a vast expansion of knowledge about developmental genes and signaling mechanisms they are involved in. Unlike mammals, the zebrafish features seven Zic genes. This provides an interesting insight into Zic gene evolution. In addition, an unprecedented bioimaging capability of semitransparent zebrafish embryos turns to be a crucial factor in medium- to large-scale analysis of the activity of potential regulatory elements. The Zic family of zinc finger proteins plays an important, relatively well-established, role in the regulation of stem cells and neural development and, in particular, during neural fate commitment and determination. At the same time, some Zic genes are expressed in mesodermal lineages, and their deficiency causes a number of developmental defects in axis formation, establishing body symmetry and cardiac morphogenesis. In stem cells, Zic genes are required to maintain pluripotency by binding to the proximal promoters of pluripotency genes (Oct4, Nanog, Sox2, etc.). During embryogenesis, the dynamic nature of Zic transcriptional regulation is manifested by the interaction of these factors with distal enhancers and other regulatory elements associated with the control of gene transcription and, in particular, with the Nodal and Wnt signaling pathways that play a role in establishing basic organization of the vertebrate body. Zic transcription factors may regulate development through acting alone as well as in combination with other transcription factors. This is achieved due to Zic binding to sites adjacent to the binding sites of other transcription factors, including Gli. This probably leads to the formation of multi-transcription factor complexes associated with enhancers.
Collapse
|
57
|
Delp J, Gutbier S, Cerff M, Zasada C, Niedenführ S, Zhao L, Smirnova L, Hartung T, Borlinghaus H, Schreiber F, Bergemann J, Gätgens J, Beyss M, Azzouzi S, Waldmann T, Kempa S, Nöh K, Leist M. Stage-specific metabolic features of differentiating neurons: Implications for toxicant sensitivity. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2017; 354:64-80. [PMID: 29278688 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) may be induced when chemicals disturb a key neurodevelopmental process, and many tests focus on this type of toxicity. Alternatively, DNT may occur when chemicals are cytotoxic only during a specific neurodevelopmental stage. The toxicant sensitivity is affected by the expression of toxicant targets and by resilience factors. Although cellular metabolism plays an important role, little is known how it changes during human neurogenesis, and how potential alterations affect toxicant sensitivity of mature vs. immature neurons. We used immature (d0) and mature (d6) LUHMES cells (dopaminergic human neurons) to provide initial answers to these questions. Transcriptome profiling and characterization of energy metabolism suggested a switch from predominantly glycolytic energy generation to a more pronounced contribution of the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) during neuronal maturation. Therefore, we used pulsed stable isotope-resolved metabolomics (pSIRM) to determine intracellular metabolite pool sizes (concentrations), and isotopically non-stationary 13C-metabolic flux analysis (INST 13C-MFA) to calculate metabolic fluxes. We found that d0 cells mainly use glutamine to fuel the TCA. Furthermore, they rely on extracellular pyruvate to allow continuous growth. This metabolic situation does not allow for mitochondrial or glycolytic spare capacity, i.e. the ability to adapt energy generation to altered needs. Accordingly, neuronal precursor cells displayed a higher sensitivity to several mitochondrial toxicants than mature neurons differentiated from them. In summary, this study shows that precursor cells lose their glutamine dependency during differentiation while they gain flexibility of energy generation and thereby increase their resistance to low concentrations of mitochondrial toxicants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Delp
- In Vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, Dept Inaugurated by the Doerenkamp-Zbinden Foundation, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Simon Gutbier
- In Vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, Dept Inaugurated by the Doerenkamp-Zbinden Foundation, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Martin Cerff
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich 52425, Germany
| | - Christin Zasada
- Max-Delbrück-Center of Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin 13125, Germany
| | - Sebastian Niedenführ
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich 52425, Germany
| | - Liang Zhao
- Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT), Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lena Smirnova
- Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT), Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Thomas Hartung
- Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT), Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hanna Borlinghaus
- Department of Computer and Information Science, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Falk Schreiber
- Department of Computer and Information Science, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany; Faculty of Information Technology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jörg Bergemann
- Department of Life Sciences, Albstadt-Sigmaringen University of Applied Sciences, Sigmaringen, Germany
| | - Jochem Gätgens
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich 52425, Germany
| | - Martin Beyss
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich 52425, Germany
| | - Salah Azzouzi
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich 52425, Germany
| | - Tanja Waldmann
- In Vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, Dept Inaugurated by the Doerenkamp-Zbinden Foundation, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Stefan Kempa
- Max-Delbrück-Center of Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin 13125, Germany
| | - Katharina Nöh
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich 52425, Germany
| | - Marcel Leist
- In Vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, Dept Inaugurated by the Doerenkamp-Zbinden Foundation, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany; CAAT-Europe, University of Konstanz, Konstanz 78457, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Tomolonis JA, Agarwal S, Shohet JM. Neuroblastoma pathogenesis: deregulation of embryonic neural crest development. Cell Tissue Res 2017; 372:245-262. [PMID: 29222693 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-017-2747-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is an aggressive pediatric cancer that originates from neural crest tissues of the sympathetic nervous system. NB is highly heterogeneous both from a clinical and a molecular perspective. Clinically, this cancer represents a wide range of phenotypes ranging from spontaneous regression of 4S disease to unremitting treatment-refractory progression and death of high-risk metastatic disease. At a cellular level, the heterogeneous behavior of NB likely arises from an arrest and deregulation of normal neural crest development. In the present review, we summarize our current knowledge of neural crest development as it relates to pathways promoting 'stemness' and how deregulation may contribute to the development of tumor-initiating CSCs. There is an emerging consensus that such tumor subpopulations contribute to the evolution of drug resistance, metastasis and relapse in other equally aggressive malignancies. As relapsed, refractory disease remains the primary cause of death for neuroblastoma, the identification and targeting of CSCs or other primary drivers of tumor progression remains a critical, clinically significant goal for neuroblastoma. We will critically review recent and past evidence in the literature supporting the concept of CSCs as drivers of neuroblastoma pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie A Tomolonis
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Medical Scientist Training Program (MSTP), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Translational Biology & Molecular Medicine (TBMM) Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Saurabh Agarwal
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jason M Shohet
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Neuroblastoma Research Program, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Gallik KL, Treffy RW, Nacke LM, Ahsan K, Rocha M, Green-Saxena A, Saxena A. Neural crest and cancer: Divergent travelers on similar paths. Mech Dev 2017; 148:89-99. [PMID: 28888421 PMCID: PMC5811199 DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Revised: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Neural crest cells are multipotent progenitors that dynamically interpret diverse microenvironments to migrate significant distances as a loosely associated collective and contribute to many tissues in the developing vertebrate embryo. Uncovering details of neural crest migration has helped to inform a general understanding of collective cell migration, including that which occurs during cancer metastasis. Here, we discuss several commonalities and differences of neural crest and cancer cell migration and behavior. First, we focus on some of the molecular pathways required for the initial specification and potency of neural crest cells and the roles of many of these pathways in cancer progression. We also describe epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, which plays a critical role in initiating both neural crest migration and cancer metastasis. Finally, we evaluate studies that demonstrate myriad forms of cell-cell and cell-environment communication during neural crest and cancer collective migration to highlight the remarkable similarities in their molecular and cell biological regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristin L Gallik
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Randall W Treffy
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Lynne M Nacke
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Kamil Ahsan
- Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Manuel Rocha
- Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Abigail Green-Saxena
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Ankur Saxena
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Martik ML, Bronner ME. Regulatory Logic Underlying Diversification of the Neural Crest. Trends Genet 2017; 33:715-727. [PMID: 28851604 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2017.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The neural crest is a transient, multipotent population of cells that arises at the border of the developing nervous system. After closure of the neural tube, these cells undergo an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) to delaminate and migrate, often to distant locations in the embryo. Neural crest cells give rise to a diverse array of derivatives including neurons and glia of the peripheral nervous system, melanocytes, and bone and cartilage of the face. A gene regulatory network (GRN) controls the specification, delamination, migration, and differentiation of this fascinating cell type. With increasing technological advances, direct linkages within the neural crest GRN are being uncovered. The underlying circuitry is useful for understanding important topics such as reprogramming, evolution, and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megan L Martik
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Marianne E Bronner
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Ciarlo C, Kaufman CK, Kinikoglu B, Michael J, Yang S, D′Amato C, Blokzijl-Franke S, den Hertog J, Schlaeger TM, Zhou Y, Liao E, Zon LI. A chemical screen in zebrafish embryonic cells establishes that Akt activation is required for neural crest development. eLife 2017; 6:e29145. [PMID: 28832322 PMCID: PMC5599238 DOI: 10.7554/elife.29145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The neural crest is a dynamic progenitor cell population that arises at the border of neural and non-neural ectoderm. The inductive roles of FGF, Wnt, and BMP at the neural plate border are well established, but the signals required for subsequent neural crest development remain poorly characterized. Here, we conducted a screen in primary zebrafish embryo cultures for chemicals that disrupt neural crest development, as read out by crestin:EGFP expression. We found that the natural product caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) disrupts neural crest gene expression, migration, and melanocytic differentiation by reducing Sox10 activity. CAPE inhibits FGF-stimulated PI3K/Akt signaling, and neural crest defects in CAPE-treated embryos are suppressed by constitutively active Akt1. Inhibition of Akt activity by constitutively active PTEN similarly decreases crestin expression and Sox10 activity. Our study has identified Akt as a novel intracellular pathway required for neural crest differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christie Ciarlo
- Stem Cell Program and Hematology/OncologyChildren’s Hospital Boston, Howard Hughes Medical InstituteBostonUnited States
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Charles K Kaufman
- Division of Oncology, Department of MedicineWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisUnited States
- Department of Developmental BiologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisUnited States
| | - Beste Kinikoglu
- Center for Regenerative MedicineMassachusetts General HospitalBostonUnited States
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryMassachusetts General HospitalBostonUnited States
| | - Jonathan Michael
- Stem Cell Program and Hematology/OncologyChildren’s Hospital Boston, Howard Hughes Medical InstituteBostonUnited States
| | - Song Yang
- Stem Cell Program and Hematology/OncologyChildren’s Hospital Boston, Howard Hughes Medical InstituteBostonUnited States
| | - Christopher D′Amato
- Stem Cell Program and Hematology/OncologyChildren’s Hospital Boston, Howard Hughes Medical InstituteBostonUnited States
| | - Sasja Blokzijl-Franke
- Hubrecht Institute, Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van WetenschappenUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtNetherlands
| | - Jeroen den Hertog
- Hubrecht Institute, Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van WetenschappenUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtNetherlands
| | - Thorsten M Schlaeger
- Stem Cell Program and Hematology/OncologyChildren’s Hospital Boston, Howard Hughes Medical InstituteBostonUnited States
| | - Yi Zhou
- Stem Cell Program and Hematology/OncologyChildren’s Hospital Boston, Howard Hughes Medical InstituteBostonUnited States
| | - Eric Liao
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Center for Regenerative MedicineMassachusetts General HospitalBostonUnited States
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryMassachusetts General HospitalBostonUnited States
- Harvard Stem Cell InstituteCambridgeUnited States
| | - Leonard I Zon
- Stem Cell Program and Hematology/OncologyChildren’s Hospital Boston, Howard Hughes Medical InstituteBostonUnited States
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Harvard Stem Cell InstituteCambridgeUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Taneyhill LA, Schiffmacher AT. Should I stay or should I go? Cadherin function and regulation in the neural crest. Genesis 2017; 55. [PMID: 28253541 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Our increasing comprehension of neural crest cell development has reciprocally advanced our understanding of cadherin expression, regulation, and function. As a transient population of multipotent stem cells that significantly contribute to the vertebrate body plan, neural crest cells undergo a variety of transformative processes and exhibit many cellular behaviors, including epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), motility, collective cell migration, and differentiation. Multiple studies have elucidated regulatory and mechanistic details of specific cadherins during neural crest cell development in a highly contextual manner. Collectively, these results reveal that gradual changes within neural crest cells are accompanied by often times subtle, yet important, alterations in cadherin expression and function. The primary focus of this review is to coalesce recent data on cadherins in neural crest cells, from their specification to their emergence as motile cells soon after EMT, and to highlight the complexities of cadherin expression beyond our current perceptions, including the hypothesis that the neural crest EMT is a transition involving a predominantly singular cadherin switch. Further advancements in genetic approaches and molecular techniques will provide greater opportunities to integrate data from various model systems in order to distinguish unique or overlapping functions of cadherins expressed at any point throughout the ontogeny of the neural crest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A Taneyhill
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, 20742
| | - Andrew T Schiffmacher
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, 20742
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Bajpai VK, Kerosuo L, Tseropoulos G, Cummings KA, Wang X, Lei P, Liu B, Liu S, Popescu GK, Bronner ME, Andreadis ST. Reprogramming Postnatal Human Epidermal Keratinocytes Toward Functional Neural Crest Fates. Stem Cells 2017; 35:1402-1415. [PMID: 28142205 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
During development, neural crest (NC) cells are induced by signaling events at the neural plate border of all vertebrate embryos. Initially arising within the central nervous system, NC cells subsequently undergo an epithelial to mesenchymal transition to migrate into the periphery, where they differentiate into diverse cell types. Here we provide evidence that postnatal human epidermal keratinocytes (KC), in response to fibroblast growth factor 2 and insulin like growth factor 1 signals, can be reprogrammed toward a NC fate. Genome-wide transcriptome analyses show that keratinocyte-derived NC cells are similar to those derived from human embryonic stem cells. Moreover, they give rise in vitro and in vivo to NC derivatives such as peripheral neurons, melanocytes, Schwann cells and mesenchymal cells (osteocytes, chondrocytes, adipocytes, and smooth muscle cells). By demonstrating that human keratin-14+ KC can form NC cells, even from clones of single cells, our results have important implications in stem cell biology and regenerative medicine. Stem Cells 2017;35:1402-1415.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vivek K Bajpai
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Laura Kerosuo
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Georgios Tseropoulos
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Kirstie A Cummings
- Department of Biochemistry, Neuroscience Program, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Pedro Lei
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Biao Liu
- Center for Personalized Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA.,Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Song Liu
- Center for Personalized Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA.,Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Gabriela K Popescu
- Department of Biochemistry, Neuroscience Program, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Marianne E Bronner
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Stelios T Andreadis
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA.,Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, Buffalo, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Olmsted-Davis EA, Salisbury EA, Hoang D, Davis EL, Lazard Z, Sonnet C, Davis TA, Forsberg JA, Davis AR. Progenitors in Peripheral Nerves Launch Heterotopic Ossification. Stem Cells Transl Med 2017; 6:1109-1119. [PMID: 28198109 PMCID: PMC5442844 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.16-0347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies presented here, using a murine model of bone morphogenetic protein type 2 (BMP2)-induced heterotopic ossification (HO) show that the protein initiates HO by signaling through progenitors in the endoneurium of peripheral nerves. In the mouse, these cells were identified in the endoneurium one day after BMP2 induction using antibody against phosphoSMAD (PS) 1, 5, and 8. Studies conducted in a tracking mouse that contains a tamoxifen-regulated Wnt1-Cre recombinase crossed with a td Tomato red (TR) reporter (Wnt1CreErt :Ai9Tm) confirmed their neural origin. In this model both BMP2 induction and tamoxifen are absolutely required to induce TR. SP7+ (osterix+ )TR+ cells were found in the endoneurium on day 1 and associated with bone on day 7. Quantification of TR+ and TR- cells isolated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting showed that all SP7+ cells were found in the TR+ population, whereas only about 80% of the TR+ cells expressed SP7. Pre-chondrocytes (Sox 9+ ) and transient brown fat (tBAT, UCP1+ ) also coexpressed TR, suggesting that the progenitor in nerves is multi-potential. The endoneurium of human nerves near the site of HO contained many PS+ cells, and SP7+ cells were found in nerves and on bone in tissue from patients with HO. Control tissues and nerves did not contain these PS+ and SP7+ cells. Some osteoblasts on bone from patients with HO were positive for PS, suggesting the continued presence of BMP during bone formation. The data suggests that the progenitors for HO are derived from the endoneurium in both the mouse model of HO and in humans with HO. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2017;6:1109-1119.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Olmsted-Davis
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy.,Departments of Pediatrics and Orthopedic Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Thomas A Davis
- Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences & the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Regenerative Medicine Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Jonathan A Forsberg
- Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences & the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Regenerative Medicine Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Alan R Davis
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy.,Departments of Pediatrics and Orthopedic Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Ivanova OY, Dobryakova YV, Salozhin SV, Aniol VA, Onufriev MV, Gulyaeva NV, Markevich VA. Lentiviral Modulation of Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Affects In Vivo LTP. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2016; 37:1227-1241. [PMID: 28012021 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-016-0455-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Wnt signaling is involved in hippocampal development and synaptogenesis. Numerous recent studies have been focused on the role of Wnt ligands in the regulation of synaptic plasticity. Inhibitors and activators of canonical Wnt signaling were demonstrated to decrease or increase, respectively, in vitro long-term potentiation (LTP) maintenance in hippocampal slices (Chen et al. in J Biol Chem 281:11910-11916, 2006; Vargas et al. in J Neurosci 34:2191-2202, 2014, Vargas et al. in Exp Neurol 264:14-25, 2015). Using lentiviral approach to down- and up-regulate the canonical Wnt signaling, we explored whether Wnt/β-catenin signaling is critical for the in vivo LTP. Chronic suppression of Wnt signaling induced an impairment of in vivo LTP expression 14 days after lentiviral suspension injection, while overexpression of Wnt3 was associated with a transient enhancement of in vivo LTP magnitude. Both effects were related to the early phase LTP and did not affect LTP maintenance. A loss-of-function study demonstrated decreased initial paired pulse facilitation ratio, β-catenin, and phGSK-3β levels. A gain-of-function study revealed not only an increase in PSD-95, β-catenin, and Cyclin D1 protein levels, but also a reduced phGSK-3β level and enhanced GSK-3β kinase activity. These results suggest a presynaptic dysfunction predominantly underlying LTP impairment while postsynaptic modifications are primarily involved in transient LTP amplification. This study is the first demonstration of the involvement of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in synaptic plasticity regulation in an in vivo LTP model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Ya Ivanova
- Neurophysiology of Learning Lab, Functional Biochemistry of the Nervous System Lab, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Science, Butlerova Str. 5a, 117485, Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Yulia V Dobryakova
- Neurophysiology of Learning Lab, Functional Biochemistry of the Nervous System Lab, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Science, Butlerova Str. 5a, 117485, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey V Salozhin
- Neurophysiology of Learning Lab, Functional Biochemistry of the Nervous System Lab, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Science, Butlerova Str. 5a, 117485, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Viktor A Aniol
- Neurophysiology of Learning Lab, Functional Biochemistry of the Nervous System Lab, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Science, Butlerova Str. 5a, 117485, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail V Onufriev
- Neurophysiology of Learning Lab, Functional Biochemistry of the Nervous System Lab, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Science, Butlerova Str. 5a, 117485, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Natalia V Gulyaeva
- Neurophysiology of Learning Lab, Functional Biochemistry of the Nervous System Lab, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Science, Butlerova Str. 5a, 117485, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir A Markevich
- Neurophysiology of Learning Lab, Functional Biochemistry of the Nervous System Lab, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Science, Butlerova Str. 5a, 117485, Moscow, Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Rutherford EL, Lowery LA. Exploring the developmental mechanisms underlying Wolf-Hirschhorn Syndrome: Evidence for defects in neural crest cell migration. Dev Biol 2016; 420:1-10. [PMID: 27777068 PMCID: PMC5193094 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2016.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Wolf-Hirschhorn Syndrome (WHS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by mental retardation, craniofacial malformation, and defects in skeletal and heart development. The syndrome is associated with irregularities on the short arm of chromosome 4, including deletions of varying sizes and microduplications. Many of these genotypic aberrations in humans have been correlated with the classic WHS phenotype, and animal models have provided a context for mapping these genetic irregularities to specific phenotypes; however, there remains a significant knowledge gap concerning the cell biological mechanisms underlying these phenotypes. This review summarizes literature that has made recent contributions to this topic, drawing from the vast body of knowledge detailing the genetic particularities of the disorder and the more limited pool of information on its cell biology. Finally, we propose a novel characterization for WHS as a pathophysiology owing in part to defects in neural crest cell motility and migration during development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erin L Rutherford
- Boston College, Department of Biology, 140 Commonwealth Avenue, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, United States
| | - Laura Anne Lowery
- Boston College, Department of Biology, 140 Commonwealth Avenue, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Cai S, Han L, Ao Q, Chan Y, Shum DK. Human Induced Pluripotent Cell-Derived Sensory Neurons for Fate Commitment of Bone Marrow-Derived Schwann Cells: Implications for Remyelination Therapy. Stem Cells Transl Med 2016; 6:369-381. [PMID: 28191772 PMCID: PMC5442799 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2015-0424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Strategies that exploit induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to derive neurons have relied on cocktails of cytokines and growth factors to bias cell‐signaling events in the course of fate choice. These are often costly and inefficient, involving multiple steps. In this study, we took an alternative approach and selected 5 small‐molecule inhibitors of key signaling pathways in an 8‐day program to induce differentiation of human iPSCs into sensory neurons, reaching ≥80% yield in terms of marker proteins. Continuing culture in maintenance medium resulted in neuronal networks immunopositive for synaptic vesicle markers and vesicular glutamate transporters suggestive of excitatory neurotransmission. Subpopulations of the derived neurons were electrically excitable, showing tetrodotoxin‐sensitive action potentials in patch‐clamp experiments. Coculture of the derived neurons with rat Schwann cells under myelinating conditions resulted in upregulated levels of neuronal neuregulin 1 type III in conjunction with the phosphorylated receptors ErbB2 and ErbB3, consistent with amenability of the neuritic network to myelination. As surrogates of embryonic dorsal root ganglia neurons, the derived sensory neurons provided contact‐dependent cues to commit bone marrow‐derived Schwann cell‐like cells to the Schwann cell fate. Our rapid and efficient induction protocol promises not only controlled differentiation of human iPSCs into sensory neurons, but also utility in the translation to a protocol whereby human bone marrow‐derived Schwann cells become available for autologous transplantation and remyelination therapy. Stem Cells Translational Medicine2017;6:369–381
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sa Cai
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
- Research Centre of Heart, Brain, Hormone, and Healthy Aging, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Han
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
- Research Centre of Heart, Brain, Hormone, and Healthy Aging, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Ao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yuquan Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying‐Shing Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
- Research Centre of Heart, Brain, Hormone, and Healthy Aging, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Daisy Kwok‐Yan Shum
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
- Research Centre of Heart, Brain, Hormone, and Healthy Aging, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Liu JA, Cheung M. Neural crest stem cells and their potential therapeutic applications. Dev Biol 2016; 419:199-216. [PMID: 27640086 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The neural crest (NC) is a remarkable transient structure generated during early vertebrate development. The neural crest progenitors have extensive migratory capacity and multipotency, harboring stem cell-like characteristics such as self-renewal. They can differentiate into a variety of cell types from craniofacial skeletal tissues to the trunk peripheral nervous system (PNS). Multiple regulators such as signaling factors, transcription factors, and migration machinery components are expressed at different stages of NC development. Gain- and loss-of-function studies in various vertebrate species revealed epistatic relationships of these molecules that could be assembled into a gene regulatory network defining the processes of NC induction, specification, migration, and differentiation. These basic developmental studies led to the subsequent establishment and molecular validation of neural crest stem cells (NCSCs) derived by various strategies. We provide here an overview of the isolation and characterization of NCSCs from embryonic, fetal, and adult tissues; the experimental strategies for the derivation of NCSCs from embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, and skin fibroblasts; and recent developments in the use of patient-derived NCSCs for modeling and treating neurocristopathies. We discuss future research on further refinement of the culture conditions required for the differentiation of pluripotent stem cells into axial-specific NC progenitors and their derivatives, developing non-viral approaches for the generation of induced NC cells (NCCs), and using a genomic editing approach to correct genetic mutations in patient-derived NCSCs for transplantation therapy. These future endeavors should facilitate the therapeutic applications of NCSCs in the clinical setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Aijia Liu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Martin Cheung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Leung AW, Murdoch B, Salem AF, Prasad MS, Gomez GA, García-Castro MI. WNT/β-catenin signaling mediates human neural crest induction via a pre-neural border intermediate. Development 2016; 143:398-410. [PMID: 26839343 DOI: 10.1242/dev.130849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Neural crest (NC) cells arise early in vertebrate development, migrate extensively and contribute to a diverse array of ectodermal and mesenchymal derivatives. Previous models of NC formation suggested derivation from neuralized ectoderm, via meso-ectodermal, or neural-non-neural ectoderm interactions. Recent studies using bird and amphibian embryos suggest an earlier origin of NC, independent of neural and mesodermal tissues. Here, we set out to generate a model in which to decipher signaling and tissue interactions involved in human NC induction. Our novel human embryonic stem cell (ESC)-based model yields high proportions of multipotent NC cells (expressing SOX10, PAX7 and TFAP2A) in 5 days. We demonstrate a crucial role for WNT/β-catenin signaling in launching NC development, while blocking placodal and surface ectoderm fates. We provide evidence of the delicate temporal effects of BMP and FGF signaling, and find that NC development is separable from neural and/or mesodermal contributions. We further substantiate the notion of a neural-independent origin of NC through PAX6 expression and knockdown studies. Finally, we identify a novel pre-neural border state characterized by early WNT/β-catenin signaling targets that displays distinct responses to BMP and FGF signaling from the traditional neural border genes. In summary, our work provides a fast and efficient protocol for human NC differentiation under signaling constraints similar to those identified in vivo in model organisms, and strengthens a framework for neural crest ontogeny that is separable from neural and mesodermal fates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alan W Leung
- Kline Biology Tower, Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, 266 Whitney Avenue, New Haven, CT 06511, USA Yale Stem Cell Center, 10 Amistad Street, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Barbara Murdoch
- Department of Biology, Eastern Connecticut State University, 83 Windham St., Willimantic, CT 06226, USA
| | - Ahmed F Salem
- 203 School of Medicine Research Building, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Maneeshi S Prasad
- 203 School of Medicine Research Building, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Gustavo A Gomez
- 203 School of Medicine Research Building, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Martín I García-Castro
- Kline Biology Tower, Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, 266 Whitney Avenue, New Haven, CT 06511, USA 203 School of Medicine Research Building, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Maj E, Künneke L, Loresch E, Grund A, Melchert J, Pieler T, Aspelmeier T, Borchers A. Controlled levels of canonical Wnt signaling are required for neural crest migration. Dev Biol 2016; 417:77-90. [PMID: 27341758 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2016.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Canonical Wnt signaling plays a dominant role in the development of the neural crest (NC), a highly migratory cell population that generates a vast array of cell types. Canonical Wnt signaling is required for NC induction as well as differentiation, however its role in NC migration remains largely unknown. Analyzing nuclear localization of β-catenin as readout for canonical Wnt activity, we detect nuclear β-catenin in premigratory but not migratory Xenopus NC cells suggesting that canonical Wnt activity has to decrease to basal levels to enable NC migration. To define a possible function of canonical Wnt signaling in Xenopus NC migration, canonical Wnt signaling was modulated at different time points after NC induction. This was accomplished using either chemical modulators affecting β-catenin stability or inducible glucocorticoid fusion constructs of Lef/Tcf transcription factors. In vivo analysis of NC migration by whole mount in situ hybridization demonstrates that ectopic activation of canonical Wnt signaling inhibits cranial NC migration. Further, NC transplantation experiments confirm that this effect is tissue-autonomous. In addition, live-cell imaging in combination with biophysical data analysis of explanted NC cells confirms the in vivo findings and demonstrates that modulation of canonical Wnt signaling affects the ability of NC cells to perform single cell migration. Thus, our data support the hypothesis that canonical Wnt signaling needs to be tightly controlled to enable migration of NC cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Maj
- Department of Biology, Molecular Embryology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 8, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Lutz Künneke
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Georg August University Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Loresch
- Department of Biology, Molecular Embryology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 8, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Anita Grund
- Department of Biology, Molecular Embryology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 8, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Juliane Melchert
- Department of Developmental Biochemistry, Georg August University Göttingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tomas Pieler
- Department of Developmental Biochemistry, Georg August University Göttingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Timo Aspelmeier
- Institute for Mathematical Stochastics and Felix Bernstein Institute for Mathematical Statistics, Georg August University Göttingen, Goldschmidtstr. 7, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Annette Borchers
- Department of Biology, Molecular Embryology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 8, 35043 Marburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Mašek J, Machoň O, Kořínek V, Taketo MM, Kozmik Z. Tcf7l1 protects the anterior neural fold from adopting the neural crest fate. Development 2016; 143:2206-16. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.132357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The neural crest (NC) is crucial for the evolutionary diversification of vertebrates. NC cells are induced at the neural plate border by the coordinated action of several signaling pathways, including Wnt/β-catenin. NC cells are normally generated in the posterior neural plate border, whereas the anterior neural fold is devoid of NC cells. Using the mouse model, we show here that active repression of Wnt/β-catenin signaling is required for maintenance of neuroepithelial identity in the anterior neural fold and for inhibition of NC induction. Conditional inactivation of Tcf7l1, a transcriptional repressor of Wnt target genes, leads to aberrant activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in the anterior neuroectoderm and its conversion into NC. This reduces the developing prosencephalon without affecting the anterior-posterior neural character. Thus, Tcf7l1 defines the border between the NC and the prospective forebrain via restriction of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling gradient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Mašek
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Science of the Czech Republic, Prague 142 20, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Machoň
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Science of the Czech Republic, Prague 142 20, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Kořínek
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Science of the Czech Republic, Prague 142 20, Czech Republic
| | - M. Mark Taketo
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Zbyněk Kozmik
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Science of the Czech Republic, Prague 142 20, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
Rochard L, Monica SD, Ling ITC, Kong Y, Roberson S, Harland R, Halpern M, Liao EC. Roles of Wnt pathway genes wls, wnt9a, wnt5b, frzb and gpc4 in regulating convergent-extension during zebrafish palate morphogenesis. Development 2016; 143:2541-7. [PMID: 27287801 DOI: 10.1242/dev.137000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The Wnt signaling pathway is crucial for tissue morphogenesis, participating in cellular behavior changes, notably during the process of convergent-extension. Interactions between Wnt-secreting and receiving cells during convergent-extension remain elusive. We investigated the role and genetic interactions of Wnt ligands and their trafficking factors Wls, Gpc4 and Frzb in the context of palate morphogenesis in zebrafish. We describe that the chaperon Wls and its ligands Wnt9a and Wnt5b are expressed in the ectoderm, whereas juxtaposed chondrocytes express Frzb and Gpc4. Using wls, gpc4, frzb, wnt9a and wnt5b mutants, we genetically dissected the Wnt signals operating between secreting ectoderm and receiving chondrocytes. Our analysis delineates that non-canonical Wnt signaling is required for cell intercalation, and that wnt5b and wnt9a are required for palate extension in the anteroposterior and transverse axes, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Rochard
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Stefanie D Monica
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Irving T C Ling
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Yawei Kong
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Sara Roberson
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, and Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, 3520 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Richard Harland
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Marnie Halpern
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, and Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, 3520 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Eric C Liao
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Keller KC, Ding H, Tieu R, Sparks NRL, Ehnes DD, Zur Nieden NI. Wnt5a Supports Osteogenic Lineage Decisions in Embryonic Stem Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2016; 25:1020-32. [PMID: 26956615 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2015.0367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The specification of pluripotent stem cells into the bone-forming osteoblasts has been explored in a number of studies. However, the current body of literature has yet to adequately address the role of Wnt glycoproteins in the differentiation of pluripotent stem cells along the osteogenic lineage. During mouse embryonic stem cell (ESC) in vitro osteogenesis, the noncanonical WNT5a is expressed early on. Cells either sorted by their positive WNT5a expression or when supplemented with recombinant WNT5a (rWNT5a) during a 2-day window showed significantly enhanced osteogenic yield. Mechanistically, rWNT5a supplementation upregulated protein kinase C (PKC), calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CamKII) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activity while antagonizing the key effector of canonical Wnt signaling: β-catenin. Conversely, when recombinant WNT3a (rWNT3a) or other positive regulators of β-catenin were employed during this same time window there was a decrease in osteogenic marker expression. However, if rWNT3a was supplemented during a time window following rWNT5a treatment, osteogenic differentiation was enhanced both in murine and human ESCs. Elucidating the role of these WNT ligands in directing the early stages of osteogenesis has the potential to considerably improve tissue engineering protocols and applications for regenerative medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin C Keller
- 1 Department of Cell Biology & Neuroscience, Stem Cell Center, College of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of California Riverside , Riverside, California
| | - Huawen Ding
- 2 Applied Stem Cell Technologies Unit, Department for Cell Therapy, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology , Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rudy Tieu
- 1 Department of Cell Biology & Neuroscience, Stem Cell Center, College of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of California Riverside , Riverside, California
| | - Nicole R L Sparks
- 1 Department of Cell Biology & Neuroscience, Stem Cell Center, College of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of California Riverside , Riverside, California
| | - Devon D Ehnes
- 1 Department of Cell Biology & Neuroscience, Stem Cell Center, College of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of California Riverside , Riverside, California
| | - Nicole I Zur Nieden
- 1 Department of Cell Biology & Neuroscience, Stem Cell Center, College of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of California Riverside , Riverside, California.,2 Applied Stem Cell Technologies Unit, Department for Cell Therapy, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology , Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Rabadán MA, Herrera A, Fanlo L, Usieto S, Carmona-Fontaine C, Barriga EH, Mayor R, Pons S, Martí E. Delamination of neural crest cells requires transient and reversible Wnt inhibition mediated by Dact1/2. Development 2016; 143:2194-205. [PMID: 27122165 DOI: 10.1242/dev.134981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Delamination of neural crest (NC) cells is a bona fide physiological model of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process that is influenced by Wnt/β-catenin signalling. Using two in vivo models, we show that Wnt/β-catenin signalling is transiently inhibited at the time of NC delamination. In attempting to define the mechanism underlying this inhibition, we found that the scaffold proteins Dact1 and Dact2, which are expressed in pre-migratory NC cells, are required for NC delamination in Xenopus and chick embryos, whereas they do not affect the motile properties of migratory NC cells. Dact1/2 inhibit Wnt/β-catenin signalling upstream of the transcriptional activity of T cell factor (TCF), which is required for EMT to proceed. Dact1/2 regulate the subcellular distribution of β-catenin, preventing β-catenin from acting as a transcriptional co-activator to TCF, yet without affecting its stability. Together, these data identify a novel yet important regulatory element that inhibits β-catenin signalling, which then affects NC delamination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Angeles Rabadán
- Department of Developmental Biology, Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona, CSIC, Parc Científic de Barcelona, C/ Baldiri i Reixac 20, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Antonio Herrera
- Department of Cell Biology, Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona, CSIC, Parc Científic de Barcelona, C/Baldiri i Reixac 20, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Lucia Fanlo
- Department of Developmental Biology, Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona, CSIC, Parc Científic de Barcelona, C/ Baldiri i Reixac 20, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Susana Usieto
- Department of Developmental Biology, Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona, CSIC, Parc Científic de Barcelona, C/ Baldiri i Reixac 20, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Carlos Carmona-Fontaine
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Elias H Barriga
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Roberto Mayor
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Sebastián Pons
- Department of Cell Biology, Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona, CSIC, Parc Científic de Barcelona, C/Baldiri i Reixac 20, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Elisa Martí
- Department of Developmental Biology, Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona, CSIC, Parc Científic de Barcelona, C/ Baldiri i Reixac 20, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
Singh S, Groves AK. The molecular basis of craniofacial placode development. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2016; 5:363-76. [PMID: 26952139 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The sensory organs of the vertebrate head originate from simple ectodermal structures known as cranial placodes. All cranial placodes derive from a common domain adjacent to the neural plate, the preplacodal region, which is induced at the border of neural and non-neural ectoderm during gastrulation. Induction and specification of the preplacodal region is regulated by the fibroblast growth factor, bone morphogenetic protein, WNT, and retinoic acid signaling pathways, and characterized by expression of the EYA and SIX family of transcriptional regulators. Once the preplacodal region is specified, different combinations of local signaling molecules and placode-specific transcription factors, including competence factors, promote the induction of individual cranial placodes along the neural axis of the head region. In this review, we summarize the steps of cranial placode development and discuss the roles of the main signaling molecules and transcription factors that regulate these steps during placode induction, specification, and development. For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunita Singh
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Andrew K Groves
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
76
|
Wang J, Xiao Y, Hsu CW, Martinez-Traverso IM, Zhang M, Bai Y, Ishii M, Maxson RE, Olson EN, Dickinson ME, Wythe JD, Martin JF. Yap and Taz play a crucial role in neural crest-derived craniofacial development. Development 2016; 143:504-15. [PMID: 26718006 PMCID: PMC4760309 DOI: 10.1242/dev.126920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The role of the Hippo signaling pathway in cranial neural crest (CNC) development is poorly understood. We used the Wnt1(Cre) and Wnt1(Cre2SOR) drivers to conditionally ablate both Yap and Taz in the CNC of mice. When using either Cre driver, Yap and Taz deficiency in the CNC resulted in enlarged, hemorrhaging branchial arch blood vessels and hydrocephalus. However, Wnt1(Cre2SOR) mutants had an open cranial neural tube phenotype that was not evident in Wnt1(Cre) mutants. In O9-1 CNC cells, the loss of Yap impaired smooth muscle cell differentiation. RNA-sequencing data indicated that Yap and Taz regulate genes encoding Fox transcription factors, specifically Foxc1. Proliferation was reduced in the branchial arch mesenchyme of Yap and Taz CNC conditional knockout (CKO) embryos. Moreover, Yap and Taz CKO embryos had cerebellar aplasia similar to Dandy-Walker spectrum malformations observed in human patients and mouse embryos with mutations in Foxc1. In embryos and O9-1 cells deficient for Yap and Taz, Foxc1 expression was significantly reduced. Analysis of Foxc1 regulatory regions revealed a conserved recognition element for the Yap and Taz DNA binding co-factor Tead. ChIP-PCR experiments supported the conclusion that Foxc1 is directly regulated by the Yap-Tead complex. Our findings uncover important roles for Yap and Taz in CNC diversification and development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yang Xiao
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chih-Wei Hsu
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Idaliz M Martinez-Traverso
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yan Bai
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mamoru Ishii
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Robert E Maxson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Eric N Olson
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Mary E Dickinson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Joshua D Wythe
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - James F Martin
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
Abstract
From the initial discovery of the neural crest over 150 years ago to the seminal studies of Le Douarin and colleagues in the latter part of the twentieth century, understanding of the neural crest has moved from the descriptive to the experimental. Now, in the twenty-first century, neural crest research has migrated into the genomic age. Here, we reflect upon the major advances in neural crest biology and the open questions that will continue to make research on this incredible vertebrate cell type an important subject in developmental biology for the century to come.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marianne E Bronner
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA.
| | - Marcos Simões-Costa
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
Zhu S, Thomas Look A. Neuroblastoma and Its Zebrafish Model. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 916:451-78. [PMID: 27165366 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-30654-4_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma, an important developmental tumor arising in the peripheral sympathetic nervous system (PSNS), accounts for approximately 10 % of all cancer-related deaths in children. Recent genomic analyses have identified a spectrum of genetic alterations in this tumor. Amplification of the MYCN oncogene is found in 20 % of cases and is often accompanied by mutational activation of the ALK (anaplastic lymphoma kinase) gene, suggesting their cooperation in tumor initiation and spread. Understanding how complex genetic changes function together in oncogenesis has been a continuing and daunting task in cancer research. This challenge was addressed in neuroblastoma by generating a transgenic zebrafish model that overexpresses human MYCN and activated ALK in the PSNS, leading to tumors that closely resemble human neuroblastoma and new opportunities to probe the mechanisms that underlie the pathogenesis of this tumor. For example, coexpression of activated ALK with MYCN in this model triples the penetrance of neuroblastoma and markedly accelerates tumor onset, demonstrating the interaction of these modified genes in tumor development. Further, MYCN overexpression induces adrenal sympathetic neuroblast hyperplasia, blocks chromaffin cell differentiation, and ultimately triggers a developmentally-timed apoptotic response in the hyperplastic sympathoadrenal cells. In the context of MYCN overexpression, activated ALK provides prosurvival signals that block this apoptotic response, allowing continued expansion and oncogenic transformation of hyperplastic neuroblasts, thus promoting progression to neuroblastoma. This application of the zebrafish model illustrates its value in rational assessment of the multigenic changes that define neuroblastoma pathogenesis and points the way to future studies to identify novel targets for therapeutic intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shizhen Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cancer Center and Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55902, USA.
| | - A Thomas Look
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
79
|
Green JD, Tollemar V, Dougherty M, Yan Z, Yin L, Ye J, Collier Z, Mohammed MK, Haydon RC, Luu HH, Kang R, Lee MJ, Ho SH, He TC, Shi LL, Athiviraham A. Multifaceted signaling regulators of chondrogenesis: Implications in cartilage regeneration and tissue engineering. Genes Dis 2015; 2:307-327. [PMID: 26835506 PMCID: PMC4730920 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Defects of articular cartilage present a unique clinical challenge due to its poor self-healing capacity and avascular nature. Current surgical treatment options do not ensure consistent regeneration of hyaline cartilage in favor of fibrous tissue. Here, we review the current understanding of the most important biological regulators of chondrogenesis and their interactions, to provide insight into potential applications for cartilage tissue engineering. These include various signaling pathways, including: fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), transforming growth factor β (TGF-β)/bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs), Wnt/β-catenin, Hedgehog, Notch, hypoxia, and angiogenic signaling pathways. Transcriptional and epigenetic regulation of chondrogenesis will also be discussed. Advances in our understanding of these signaling pathways have led to promising advances in cartilage regeneration and tissue engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan D. Green
- The University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Viktor Tollemar
- The University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Mark Dougherty
- The University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Zhengjian Yan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Liangjun Yin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jixing Ye
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- School of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zachary Collier
- The University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Maryam K. Mohammed
- The University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Rex C. Haydon
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Hue H. Luu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Richard Kang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Michael J. Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Sherwin H. Ho
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Tong-Chuan He
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Lewis L. Shi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Aravind Athiviraham
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| |
Collapse
|
80
|
Lazard ZW, Olmsted-Davis EA, Salisbury EA, Gugala Z, Sonnet C, Davis EL, Beal E, Ubogu EE, Davis AR. Osteoblasts Have a Neural Origin in Heterotopic Ossification. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2015; 473:2790-806. [PMID: 25944403 PMCID: PMC4523517 DOI: 10.1007/s11999-015-4323-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heterotopic ossification (HO) is the process of bone formation at a nonskeletal site. Recently, we showed that the earliest steps occur in sensory nerves. We now extend these studies by identifying unique osteogenic progenitors within the endoneurial compartment of sensory nerves. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES We asked: (1) What is the nature of the osteoprogenitor in the endoneurium of peripheral nerves? (2) How do osteoprogenitors travel from the nerve to the site of new bone formation? METHODS HO was induced by intramuscular injection of Ad5BMP-2-transduced cells in mice. Osteoprogenitors were identified through immunohistochemistry and then quantified and further characterized by fluorescence-activated cell sorting and immunocytochemistry. The kinetics of the appearance of markers of extravasation was determined by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. In each experiment mice were injected with bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2)-producing cells (experimental) or with cells transduced with empty vector or, in some cases, a group receiving no injection (control). RESULTS Induction of HO leads to the expression, within 24 hours, of osteoblast-specific transcription factors in cells in the endoneurium followed by their coordinate disappearance from the nerve at 48 hours. They reappear in blood also at 48 hours after induction. During vessel entrance they begin to express the tight junction molecule, claudin 5. The cells expressing both the osteoblast-specific transcription factor, osterix, as well as claudin 5, then disappear from circulation at approximately 3 to 4 days by extravasation into the site of new bone formation. These endoneurial osteoprogenitors express neural markers PDGFRα, musashi-1, and the low-affinity nerve growth factor receptor p75(NTR) as well as the endothelial marker Tie-2. In a key experiment, cells that were obtained from mice that were injected with cells transduced with an empty vector, at 2 days after injection, contained 0.83% (SD, 0.07; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.59-1.05) cells expressing claudin 5. However, cells that were obtained from mice 2 days after injection of BMP-2-producing cells contained 4.5% cells expressing claudin 5 (SD, 0.72%; 95% CI, 2.01-6.94; p < 0.0015). Further analysis revealed that all of the cells expressing claudin 5 were found to be positive for osteoblast-specific markers, whereas cells not expressing claudin 5 were negative for these same markers. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that the endoneurial progenitors are the major osteogenic precursors that are used for HO. They exit the nerve through the endoneurial vessels, flow through vessels to the site of new bone formation, and then extravasate out of the vessels into this site. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The biogenesis of osteoblasts in HO is very different than expected and shows that HO is, at least in part, a neurological disorder. This could result in a major shift in orthopaedic methodologies to prevent or treat this disease. The fact that nerves are intimately involved in the process may also provide clues that will lead to an explanation of the clinical fact that HO often occurs as a result of traumatic brain injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- ZaWaunyka W. Lazard
- />Department of Pediatrics, Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Olmsted-Davis
- />Department of Pediatrics, Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030 USA , />Departments of Hematology-Oncology and Orthopedic Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Salisbury
- />Department of Pediatrics, Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Zbigniew Gugala
- />Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX USA
| | - Corrine Sonnet
- />Department of Pediatrics, Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Eleanor L. Davis
- />Department of Pediatrics, Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Eric Beal
- />Department of Pediatrics, Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Eroboghene E. Ubogu
- />Department of Neurology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Alan R. Davis
- />Department of Pediatrics, Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030 USA , />Departments of Hematology-Oncology and Orthopedic Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| |
Collapse
|
81
|
Simões-Costa M, Stone M, Bronner ME. Axud1 Integrates Wnt Signaling and Transcriptional Inputs to Drive Neural Crest Formation. Dev Cell 2015; 34:544-54. [PMID: 26256212 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2015.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Neural crest cells are induced at the neural plate border by the combined action of transcription factors and signaling molecules. Here, we show that Axud1, a downstream effector of Wnt signaling, represents a critical missing link that integrates signaling and transcriptional cues to mediate neural crest formation. Axud1 is a transcription factor expressed in neural crest progenitors in a Wnt1/β-catenin-dependent manner. Axud1 loss leads to downregulation of multiple genes involved in neural crest specification, similar to the effects of Wnt1 knockdown. Importantly, Axud1 is sufficient to rescue neural crest formation after disruption of Wnt signaling. Furthermore, it physically interacts with neural plate border genes Pax7 and Msx1 in vivo to directly activate transcription of stem cell factor FoxD3, initiating the neural crest program. Thus, Axud1 integrates Wnt signaling with transcriptional inputs to endow the neural crest with its unique molecular signature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Simões-Costa
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Michael Stone
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Marianne E Bronner
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
82
|
Barriga EH, Trainor PA, Bronner M, Mayor R. Animal models for studying neural crest development: is the mouse different? Development 2015; 142:1555-60. [PMID: 25922521 DOI: 10.1242/dev.121590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The neural crest is a uniquely vertebrate cell type and has been well studied in a number of model systems. Zebrafish, Xenopus and chick embryos largely show consistent requirements for specific genes in early steps of neural crest development. By contrast, knockouts of homologous genes in the mouse often do not exhibit comparable early neural crest phenotypes. In this Spotlight article, we discuss these species-specific differences, suggest possible explanations for the divergent phenotypes in mouse and urge the community to consider these issues and the need for further research in complementary systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elias H Barriga
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Paul A Trainor
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Centre, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Marianne Bronner
- Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Roberto Mayor
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
83
|
Corneal Development: Different Cells from a Common Progenitor. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2015; 134:43-59. [PMID: 26310148 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Development of the vertebrate cornea is a multistep process that involves cellular interactions between various ectodermal-derived tissues. Bilateral interactions between the neural ectoderm-derived optic vesicles and the cranial ectoderm give rise to the presumptive corneal epithelium and other epithelia of the ocular surface. Interactions between the neural tube and the adjacent ectoderm give rise to the neural crest cells, a highly migratory and multipotent cell population. Neural crest cells migrate between the lens and presumptive corneal epithelium to form the corneal endothelium and the stromal keratocytes. The sensory nerves that abundantly innervate the corneal stroma and epithelium originate from the neural crest- and ectodermal placode-derived trigeminal ganglion. Concomitant with corneal innervation is the formation of the limbal vascular plexus and the establishment of corneal avascularity. This review summarizes historical and current research to provide an overview of the genesis of the cellular layers of the cornea, corneal innervation, and avascularity.
Collapse
|
84
|
The ribosome biogenesis factor Nol11 is required for optimal rDNA transcription and craniofacial development in Xenopus. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005018. [PMID: 25756904 PMCID: PMC4354908 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The production of ribosomes is ubiquitous and fundamental to life. As such, it is surprising that defects in ribosome biogenesis underlie a growing number of symptomatically distinct inherited disorders, collectively called ribosomopathies. We previously determined that the nucleolar protein, NOL11, is essential for optimal pre-rRNA transcription and processing in human tissue culture cells. However, the role of NOL11 in the development of a multicellular organism remains unknown. Here, we reveal a critical function for NOL11 in vertebrate ribosome biogenesis and craniofacial development. Nol11 is strongly expressed in the developing cranial neural crest (CNC) of both amphibians and mammals, and knockdown of Xenopus nol11 results in impaired pre-rRNA transcription and processing, increased apoptosis, and abnormal development of the craniofacial cartilages. Inhibition of p53 rescues this skeletal phenotype, but not the underlying ribosome biogenesis defect, demonstrating an evolutionarily conserved control mechanism through which ribosome-impaired craniofacial cells are removed. Excessive activation of this mechanism impairs craniofacial development. Together, our findings reveal a novel requirement for Nol11 in craniofacial development, present the first frog model of a ribosomopathy, and provide further insight into the clinically important relationship between specific ribosome biogenesis proteins and craniofacial cell survival.
Collapse
|
85
|
|
86
|
Abbruzzese G, Cousin H, Salicioni AM, Alfandari D. GSK3 and Polo-like kinase regulate ADAM13 function during cranial neural crest cell migration. Mol Biol Cell 2014; 25:4072-82. [PMID: 25298404 PMCID: PMC4263450 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e14-05-0970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Revised: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
ADAMs are cell surface metalloproteases that control multiple biological processes by cleaving signaling and adhesion molecules. ADAM13 controls cranial neural crest (CNC) cell migration both by cleaving cadherin-11 to release a promigratory extracellular fragment and by controlling expression of multiple genes via its cytoplasmic domain. The latter activity is regulated by γ-secretase cleavage and the translocation of the cytoplasmic domain into the nucleus. One of the genes regulated by ADAM13, the protease calpain8, is essential for CNC migration. Although the nuclear function of ADAM13 is evolutionarily conserved, it is unclear whether the transcriptional regulation is also performed by other ADAMs and how this process may be regulated. We show that ADAM13 function to promote CNC migration is regulated by two phosphorylation events involving GSK3 and Polo-like kinase (Plk). We further show that inhibition of either kinase blocks CNC migration and that the respective phosphomimetic forms of ADAM13 can rescue these inhibitions. However, these phosphorylations are not required for ADAM13 proteolysis of its substrates, γ-secretase cleavage, or nuclear translocation of its cytoplasmic domain. Of significance, migration of the CNC can be restored in the absence of Plk phosphorylation by expression of calpain-8a, pointing to impaired nuclear activity of ADAM13.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve Abbruzzese
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003
| | - Hélène Cousin
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003
| | - Ana Maria Salicioni
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003
| | - Dominique Alfandari
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003
| |
Collapse
|
87
|
Yang J, Tang Y, Liu H, Guo F, Ni J, Le W. Suppression of histone deacetylation promotes the differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells towards neural progenitor cells. BMC Biol 2014; 12:95. [PMID: 25406762 PMCID: PMC4254204 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-014-0095-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging studies of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) raise new prospects for neurodegenerative disease modeling and cell replacement therapies. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms underlying the commitment of neural progenitor cells (NPCs) is important for the application of hPSCs in neurodegenerative disease therapies. It has been reported that epigenetic modifications of histones play important roles in neural differentiation, but the exact mechanisms in regulating hPSC differentiation towards NPCs are not fully elucidated. RESULTS We demonstrated that suppression of histone deacetylases (HDACs) promoted the differentiation of hPSCs towards NPCs. Application of HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) increased the expression of neuroectodermal markers and enhanced the neuroectodermal specification once neural differentiation was initiated, thereby leading to more NPC generation. Similarly, the transcriptome analysis showed that HDACi increased the expression levels of ectodermal markers and triggered the NPC differentiation related pathways, while decreasing the expression levels of endodermal and mesodermal markers. Furthermore, we documented that HDAC3 but not HDAC1 or HDAC2 was the critical regulator participating in NPC differentiation, and knockdown of HDAC3's cofactor SMRT exhibited a similar effect as HDAC3 on NPC generation. CONCLUSIONS Our study reveals that HDACs, especially HDAC3, negatively regulate the differentiation of hPSCs towards NPCs at an earlier stage of neural differentiation. Moreover, HDAC3 might function by forming a repressor complex with its cofactor SMRT during this process. Thus, our findings uncover an important epigenetic mechanism of HDAC3 in the differentiation of hPSCs towards NPCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yu Tang
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hui Liu
- Center for Translational Research of Neurology Disease, The 1st Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
| | - Fang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jun Ni
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Weidong Le
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. .,Center for Translational Research of Neurology Disease, The 1st Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
| |
Collapse
|
88
|
Uy BR, Simoes-Costa M, Koo DES, Sauka-Spengler T, Bronner ME. Evolutionarily conserved role for SoxC genes in neural crest specification and neuronal differentiation. Dev Biol 2014; 397:282-92. [PMID: 25286121 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2014.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2013] [Revised: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Members of the Sox family of transcription factors play a variety of critical developmental roles in both vertebrates and invertebrates. Whereas SoxBs and SoxEs are involved in neural and neural crest development, respectively, far less is known about members of the SoxC subfamily. To address this from an evolutionary perspective, we compare expression and function of SoxC genes in neural crest cells and their derivatives in lamprey (Petromyzon marinus), a basal vertebrate, to frog (Xenopus laevis). Analysis of transcript distribution reveals conservation of lamprey and X. laevis SoxC expression in premigratory neural crest, branchial arches, and cranial ganglia. Moreover, morpholino-mediated loss-of-function of selected SoxC family members demonstrates essential roles in aspects of neural crest development in both organisms. The results suggest important and conserved functions of SoxC genes during vertebrate evolution and a particularly critical, previously unrecognized role in early neural crest specification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin R Uy
- California Institute of Technology Pasadena, Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, 139-74, CA 91125, United States
| | - Marcos Simoes-Costa
- California Institute of Technology Pasadena, Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, 139-74, CA 91125, United States
| | - Daniel E S Koo
- California Institute of Technology Pasadena, Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, 139-74, CA 91125, United States
| | - Tatjana Sauka-Spengler
- California Institute of Technology Pasadena, Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, 139-74, CA 91125, United States
| | - Marianne E Bronner
- California Institute of Technology Pasadena, Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, 139-74, CA 91125, United States
| |
Collapse
|
89
|
Kim YJ, Lim H, Li Z, Oh Y, Kovlyagina I, Choi IY, Dong X, Lee G. Generation of multipotent induced neural crest by direct reprogramming of human postnatal fibroblasts with a single transcription factor. Cell Stem Cell 2014; 15:497-506. [PMID: 25158936 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2014.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Revised: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Neural crest (NC) generates diverse lineages including peripheral neurons, glia, melanocytes, and mesenchymal derivatives. Isolating multipotent human NC has proven challenging, limiting our ability to understand NC development and model NC-associated disorders. Here, we report direct reprogramming of human fibroblasts into induced neural crest (iNC) cells by overexpression of a single transcription factor, SOX10, in combination with environmental cues including WNT activation. iNC cells possess extensive capacity for migration in vivo, and single iNC clones can differentiate into the four main NC lineages. We further identified a cell surface marker for prospective isolation of iNCs, which was used to generate and purify iNCs from familial dysautonomia (FD) patient fibroblasts. FD-iNC cells displayed defects in cellular migration and alternative mRNA splicing, providing insights into FD pathogenesis. Thus, this study provides an accessible platform for studying NC biology and disease through rapid and efficient reprogramming of human postnatal fibroblasts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Jun Kim
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Hotae Lim
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Zhe Li
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Yohan Oh
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Irina Kovlyagina
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - In Young Choi
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Xinzhong Dong
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Center for Sensory Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Gabsang Lee
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
90
|
Fujita K, Ogawa R, Kawawaki S, Ito K. Roles of chromatin remodelers in maintenance mechanisms of multipotency of mouse trunk neural crest cells in the formation of neural crest-derived stem cells. Mech Dev 2014; 133:126-45. [PMID: 24836203 DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We analyzed roles of two chromatin remodelers, Chromodomain Helicase DNA-binding protein 7 (CHD7) and SWItch/Sucrose NonFermentable-B (SWI/SNF-B), and Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP)/Wnt signaling in the maintenance of the multipotency of mouse trunk neural crest cells, leading to the formation of mouse neural crest-derived stem cells (mouse NCSCs). CHD7 was expressed in the undifferentiated neural crest cells and in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and sciatic nerve, typical tissues containing NCSCs. BMP/Wnt signaling stimulated the expression of CHD7 and participated in maintaining the multipotency of neural crest cells. Furthermore, the promotion of CHD7 expression maintained the multipotency of these cells. The inhibition of CHD7 and SWI/SNF-B expression significantly suppressed the maintenance of the multipotency of these cells. In addition, BMP/Wnt treatment promoted CHD7 expression and caused the increase of the percentage of multipotent cells in DRG. Thus, the present data suggest that the chromatin remodelers as well as BMP/Wnt signaling play essential roles in the maintenance of the multipotency of mouse trunk neural crest cells and in the formation of mouse NCSCs.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Bone Morphogenetic Proteins/metabolism
- Cell Differentiation
- Cell Proliferation
- Cells, Cultured
- Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly
- Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone/genetics
- Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone/metabolism
- DNA-Binding Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Embryonic Stem Cells/cytology
- Embryonic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Ganglia, Spinal/cytology
- Ganglia, Spinal/embryology
- Ganglia, Spinal/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
- Mice
- Multipotent Stem Cells/cytology
- Multipotent Stem Cells/metabolism
- Neural Crest/cytology
- Neural Crest/metabolism
- Neural Stem Cells/cytology
- Neural Stem Cells/metabolism
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor/genetics
- Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor/metabolism
- SOXE Transcription Factors/genetics
- SOXE Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Sciatic Nerve/cytology
- Sciatic Nerve/embryology
- Sciatic Nerve/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Wnt Signaling Pathway
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyohei Fujita
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Ryuhei Ogawa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Syunsaku Kawawaki
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Kazuo Ito
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
91
|
Alexander C, Piloto S, Le Pabic P, Schilling TF. Wnt signaling interacts with bmp and edn1 to regulate dorsal-ventral patterning and growth of the craniofacial skeleton. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004479. [PMID: 25058015 PMCID: PMC4109847 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Craniofacial development requires signals from epithelia to pattern skeletogenic neural crest (NC) cells, such as the subdivision of each pharyngeal arch into distinct dorsal (D) and ventral (V) elements. Wnt signaling has been implicated in many aspects of NC and craniofacial development, but its roles in D-V arch patterning remain unclear. To address this we blocked Wnt signaling in zebrafish embryos in a temporally-controlled manner, using transgenics to overexpress a dominant negative Tcf3, (dntcf3), (Tg(hsp70I:tcf3-GFP), or the canonical Wnt inhibitor dickkopf1 (dkk1), (Tg(hsp70i:dkk1-GFP) after NC migration. In dntcf3 transgenics, NC cells in the ventral arches of heat-shocked embryos show reduced proliferation, expression of ventral patterning genes (hand2, dlx3b, dlx5a, msxe), and ventral cartilage differentiation (e.g. lower jaws). These D-V patterning defects resemble the phenotypes of zebrafish embryos lacking Bmp or Edn1 signaling, and overexpression of dntcf3 dramatically reduces expression of a subset of Bmp receptors in the arches. Addition of ectopic BMP (or EDN1) protein partially rescues ventral development and expression of dlx3b, dlx5a, and msxe in Wnt signaling-deficient embryos, but surprisingly does not rescue hand2 expression. Thus Wnt signaling provides ventralizing patterning cues to arch NC cells, in part through regulation of Bmp and Edn1 signaling, but independently regulates hand2. Similarly, heat-shocked dkk1+ embryos exhibit ventral arch reductions, but also have mandibular clefts at the ventral midline not seen in dntcf3+ embryos. Dkk1 is expressed in pharyngeal endoderm, and cell transplantation experiments reveal that dntcf3 must be overexpressed in pharyngeal endoderm to disrupt D-V arch patterning, suggesting that distinct endodermal roles for Wnts and Wnt antagonists pattern the developing skeleton. Craniofacial abnormalities are among the most common birth defects. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying craniofacial disorders is crucial for developing treatment strategies. Much of the craniofacial skeleton arises from specialized embryonic structures known as pharyngeal arches. Patterning of these arches requires precise spatial and temporal expression of multiple genes, which is coordinated between tissues by secreted signals. Wnts are secreted ligands expressed throughout the pharyngeal arches yet their role in craniofacial patterning remains unclear. In this study we examine the role of Wnts in craniofacial patterning using transgenic zebrafish to inhibit downstream Wnt signaling. We show that Wnt signaling deficient embryos have lower jaw specific defects, which strongly resembles loss-of-function phenotypes in both the Bmp and Edn1 signaling pathways. Through rescue experiments we find that Wnts are upstream regulators of both Bmp and Edn1 signaling. We thus have uncovered a crucial requirement for Wnt signaling in craniofacial patterning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Courtney Alexander
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Sarah Piloto
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Pierre Le Pabic
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Thomas F. Schilling
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
92
|
Abstract
Neural crest cells are a fascinating embryonic cell type, unique to vertebrates, which arise within the central nervous system but emigrate soon after its formation and migrate to numerous and sometimes distant locations in the periphery. Following their migratory phase, they differentiate into diverse derivatives ranging from peripheral neurons and glia to skin melanocytes and craniofacial cartilage and bone. The molecular underpinnings underlying initial induction of prospective neural crest cells at the neural plate border to their migration and differentiation have been modeled in the form of a putative gene regulatory network. This review describes experiments performed in my laboratory in the past few years aimed to test and elaborate this gene regulatory network from both an embryonic and evolutionary perspective. The rapid advances in genomic technology in the last decade have greatly expanded our knowledge of important transcriptional inputs and epigenetic influences on neural crest development. The results reveal new players and new connections in the neural crest gene regulatory network and suggest that it has an ancient origin at the base of the vertebrate tree.
Collapse
|
93
|
Wakamatsu Y, Nomura T, Osumi N, Suzuki K. Comparative gene expression analyses reveal heterochrony forSox9expression in the cranial neural crest during marsupial development. Evol Dev 2014; 16:197-206. [DOI: 10.1111/ede.12083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshio Wakamatsu
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, United Centers for Advanced Research and Translational Medicine (ART); Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine; Sendai Miyagi 980-8575 Japan
| | - Tadashi Nomura
- Department of Biology; Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine; Kyoto 603-8334 Japan
| | - Noriko Osumi
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, United Centers for Advanced Research and Translational Medicine (ART); Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine; Sendai Miyagi 980-8575 Japan
| | - Kunihiro Suzuki
- Department of Biology; Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo; Chiba 271-8587 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
94
|
Tuttle AM, Hoffman TL, Schilling TF. Rabconnectin-3a regulates vesicle endocytosis and canonical Wnt signaling in zebrafish neural crest migration. PLoS Biol 2014; 12:e1001852. [PMID: 24802872 PMCID: PMC4011682 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1001852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell migration requires dynamic regulation of cell-cell signaling and cell adhesion. Both of these processes involve endocytosis, lysosomal degradation, and recycling of ligand-receptor complexes and cell adhesion molecules from the plasma membrane. Neural crest (NC) cells in vertebrates are highly migratory cells, which undergo an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) to leave the neural epithelium and migrate throughout the body to give rise to many different derivatives. Here we show that the v-ATPase interacting protein, Rabconnectin-3a (Rbc3a), controls intracellular trafficking events and Wnt signaling during NC migration. In zebrafish embryos deficient in Rbc3a, or its associated v-ATPase subunit Atp6v0a1, many NC cells fail to migrate and misregulate expression of cadherins. Surprisingly, endosomes in Rbc3a- and Atp6v0a1-deficient NC cells remain immature but still acidify. Rbc3a loss-of-function initially downregulates several canonical Wnt targets involved in EMT, but later Frizzled-7 accumulates at NC cell membranes, and nuclear B-catenin levels increase. Presumably due to this later Wnt signaling increase, Rbc3a-deficient NC cells that fail to migrate become pigment progenitors. We propose that Rbc3a and Atp6v0a1 promote endosomal maturation to coordinate Wnt signaling and intracellular trafficking of Wnt receptors and cadherins required for NC migration and cell fate determination. Our results suggest that different v-ATPases and associated proteins may play cell-type-specific functions in intracellular trafficking in many contexts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam M. Tuttle
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Trevor L. Hoffman
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Thomas F. Schilling
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
95
|
Steventon B, Mayor R, Streit A. Neural crest and placode interaction during the development of the cranial sensory system. Dev Biol 2014; 389:28-38. [PMID: 24491819 PMCID: PMC4439187 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2014.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Revised: 01/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In the vertebrate head, the peripheral components of the sensory nervous system are derived from two embryonic cell populations, the neural crest and cranial sensory placodes. Both arise in close proximity to each other at the border of the neural plate: neural crest precursors abut the future central nervous system, while placodes originate in a common preplacodal region slightly more lateral. During head morphogenesis, complex events organise these precursors into functional sensory structures, raising the question of how their development is coordinated. Here we review the evidence that neural crest and placode cells remain in close proximity throughout their development and interact repeatedly in a reciprocal manner. We also review recent controversies about the relative contribution of the neural crest and placodes to the otic and olfactory systems. We propose that a sequence of mutual interactions between the neural crest and placodes drives the coordinated morphogenesis that generates functional sensory systems within the head.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ben Steventon
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Insitut Pasteur, France
| | - Roberto Mayor
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Andrea Streit
- Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, King׳s College London, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
96
|
Abstract
The transdifferentiation of epithelial cells into motile mesenchymal cells, a process known as epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), is integral in development, wound healing and stem cell behaviour, and contributes pathologically to fibrosis and cancer progression. This switch in cell differentiation and behaviour is mediated by key transcription factors, including SNAIL, zinc-finger E-box-binding (ZEB) and basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors, the functions of which are finely regulated at the transcriptional, translational and post-translational levels. The reprogramming of gene expression during EMT, as well as non-transcriptional changes, are initiated and controlled by signalling pathways that respond to extracellular cues. Among these, transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) family signalling has a predominant role; however, the convergence of signalling pathways is essential for EMT.
Collapse
|
97
|
Eroglu B, Min JN, Zhang Y, Szurek E, Moskophidis D, Eroglu A, Mivechi NF. An essential role for heat shock transcription factor binding protein 1 (HSBP1) during early embryonic development. Dev Biol 2013; 386:448-60. [PMID: 24380799 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2013.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2012] [Revised: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock factor binding protein 1 (HSBP1) is a 76 amino acid polypeptide that contains two arrays of hydrophobic heptad repeats and was originally identified through its interaction with the oligomerization domain of heat shock factor 1 (Hsf1), suppressing Hsf1's transcriptional activity following stress. To examine the function of HSBP1 in vivo, we generated mice with targeted disruption of the hsbp1 gene and examined zebrafish embryos treated with HSBP1-specific morpholino oligonucleotides. Our results show that hsbp1 is critical for preimplantation embryonic development. Embryonic stem (ES) cells deficient in hsbp1 survive and proliferate normally into the neural lineage in vitro; however, lack of hsbp1 in embryoid bodies (EBs) leads to disorganization of the germ layers and a reduction in the endoderm-specific markers (such as α-fetoprotein). We further show that hsbp1-deficient mouse EBs and knockdown of HSBP1 in zebrafish leads to an increase in the expression of the neural crest inducers Snail2, Tfap2α and Foxd3, suggesting a potential role for HSBP1 in the Wnt pathway. The hsbp1-deficient ES cells, EBs and zebrafish embryos with reduced HSBP1 levels exhibit elevated levels of Hsf1 activity and expression of heat shock proteins (Hsps). We conclude that HSBP1 plays an essential role during early mouse and zebrafish embryonic development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Binnur Eroglu
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, One Freedom Way, Augusta, GA 30904, United States; Chaperone Biology, Georgia Regents University (GRU) Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia (MCG), 1120 15th St., Augusta, GA 30912, United States
| | - Jin-Na Min
- Chaperone Biology, Georgia Regents University (GRU) Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia (MCG), 1120 15th St., Augusta, GA 30912, United States.
| | - Yan Zhang
- Chaperone Biology, Georgia Regents University (GRU) Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia (MCG), 1120 15th St., Augusta, GA 30912, United States.
| | - Edyta Szurek
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, GRU, MCG, GA, United States
| | - Demetrius Moskophidis
- Chaperone Biology, Georgia Regents University (GRU) Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia (MCG), 1120 15th St., Augusta, GA 30912, United States
| | - Ali Eroglu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, GRU, MCG, GA, United States.
| | - Nahid F Mivechi
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, One Freedom Way, Augusta, GA 30904, United States; Chaperone Biology, Georgia Regents University (GRU) Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia (MCG), 1120 15th St., Augusta, GA 30912, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
98
|
Eigentler A, Boesch S, Schneider R, Dechant G, Nat R. Induced pluripotent stem cells from friedreich ataxia patients fail to upregulate frataxin during in vitro differentiation to peripheral sensory neurons. Stem Cells Dev 2013; 22:3271-82. [PMID: 23879205 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2013.0126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The value of human disease models, which are based on induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), depends on the capacity to generate specifically those cell types affected by pathology. We describe a new iPSC-based model of Friedreich ataxia (FRDA), an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder with an intronic GAA repeat expansion in the frataxin gene. As the peripheral sensory neurons are particularly susceptible to neurodegeneration in FRDA, we applied a development-based differentiation protocol to generate specifically these cells. FRDA and control iPSC lines were efficiently differentiated toward neural crest progenitors and peripheral sensory neurons. The progress of the cell lines through discrete steps of in vitro differentiation was closely monitored by expression levels of key markers for peripheral neural development. Since it had been suggested that FRDA pathology might start early during ontogenesis, we investigated frataxin expression in our development-related model. A pronounced frataxin deficit was found in FRDA iPSCs and neural crest cells compared to controls. Whereas we identified an upregulation of frataxin expression during sensory specification for control cells, this increase was not observed for FRDA peripheral sensory neurons. This early failure, aggravating frataxin deficiency in a specifically vulnerable human cell population, indicates a developmental component in FRDA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Eigentler
- 1 Department of Neurology, Innsbruck Medical University , Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
99
|
Setting appropriate boundaries: fate, patterning and competence at the neural plate border. Dev Biol 2013; 389:2-12. [PMID: 24321819 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2013.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2013] [Revised: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The neural crest and craniofacial placodes are two distinct progenitor populations that arise at the border of the vertebrate neural plate. This border region develops through a series of inductive interactions that begins before gastrulation and progressively divide embryonic ectoderm into neural and non-neural regions, followed by the emergence of neural crest and placodal progenitors. In this review, we describe how a limited repertoire of inductive signals-principally FGFs, Wnts and BMPs-set up domains of transcription factors in the border region which establish these progenitor territories by both cross-inhibitory and cross-autoregulatory interactions. The gradual assembly of different cohorts of transcription factors that results from these interactions is one mechanism to provide the competence to respond to inductive signals in different ways, ultimately generating the neural crest and cranial placodes.
Collapse
|
100
|
ElShamy WM, Duhé RJ. Overview: Cellular plasticity, cancer stem cells and metastasis. Cancer Lett 2013; 341:2-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|