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Guigard L, Jobert L, Busset N, Moulin L, Czernic P. Symbiotic compatibility between rice cultivars and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi genotypes affects rice growth and mycorrhiza-induced resistance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1278990. [PMID: 37941658 PMCID: PMC10628536 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1278990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) belong to the Glomeromycota clade and can form root symbioses with 80% of Angiosperms, including crops species such as wheat, maize and rice. By increasing nutrient availability, uptake and soil anchoring of plants, AMF can improve plant's growth and tolerance to abiotic stresses. AMF can also reduce symptoms and pathogen load on infected plants, both locally and systemically, through a phenomenon called mycorrhiza induced resistance (MIR). There is scarce information on rice mycorrhization, despite the high potential of this symbiosis in a context of sustainable water management in rice production systems. Methods We studied the symbiotic compatibility (global mycorrhization & arbuscules intensity) and MIR phenotypes between six rice cultivars from two subspecies (indica: IR64 & Phka Rumduol; japonica: Nipponbare, Kitaake, Azucena & Zhonghua 11) and three AMF genotypes (Funneliformis mosseae FR140 (FM), Rhizophagus irregularis DAOM197198 (RIR) & R. intraradices FR121 (RIN)). The impact of mycorrhization on rice growth and defence response to Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae (Xoo) infection was recorded via both phenotypic indexes and rice marker gene expression studies. Results All three AMF genotypes colonise the roots of all rice varieties, with clear differences in efficiency depending on the combination under study (from 27% to 84% for Phka Rumduol-RIN and Nipponbare-RIR combinations, respectively). Mycorrhization significantly (α=0.05) induced negative to beneficial effects on rice growth (impact on dry weight ranging from -21% to 227% on Azucena-FM and Kitaake-RIN combinations, respectively), and neutral to beneficial effects on the extent of Xoo symptoms on leaves (except for Azucena-RIN combination which showed a 68% increase of chlorosis). R. irregularis DAOM197198 was the most compatible AMF partner of rice, with high root colonisation intensity (84% of Nipponbare's roots hyphal colonisation), beneficial effects on rice growth (dry weight +28% (IR64) to +178% (Kitaake)) and decrease of Xoo-induced symptoms (-6% (Nipponbare) to -27% (IR64)). Transcriptomic analyses by RT-qPCR on leaves of two rice cultivars contrasting in their association with AMF show two different patterns of response on several physiological marker genes. Discussion Overall, the symbiotic compatibility between rice cultivars and AMF demonstrates adequate colonization, effectively restricting the nutrient starvation response and mitigating symptoms of phytopathogenic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Pierre Czernic
- PHIM Plant Health Institute, Univ Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
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Mohd-Radzman NA, Drapek C. Compartmentalisation: A strategy for optimising symbiosis and tradeoff management. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:2998-3011. [PMID: 36717758 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Plant root architecture is developmentally plastic in response to fluctuating nutrient levels in the soil. Part of this developmental plasticity is the formation of dedicated root cells and organs to host mutualistic symbionts. Structures like nitrogen-fixing nodules serve as alternative nutrient acquisition strategies during starvation conditions. Some root systems can also form myconodules-globular root structures that can host mycorrhizal fungi. The myconodule association is different from the wide-spread arbuscular mycorrhization. This range of symbiotic associations provides different degrees of compartmentalisation, from the cellular to organ scale, which allows the plant host to regulate the entry and extent of symbiotic interactions. In this review, we discuss the degrees of symbiont compartmentalisation by the plant host as a developmental strategy and speculate how spatial confinement mitigates risks associated with root symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Colleen Drapek
- Sainsbury Laboratory Cambridge University (SLCU), Bateman Street, Cambridge, UK
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Djotan AKG, Matsushita N, Fukuda K. Paired Root-Soil Samples and Metabarcoding Reveal Taxon-Based Colonization Strategies in Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Communities in Japanese Cedar and Cypress Stands. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2023; 86:2133-2146. [PMID: 37115261 PMCID: PMC10497666 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-023-02223-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in the roots and soil surrounding their hosts are typically independently investigated and little is known of the relationships between the communities of the two compartments. We simultaneously collected root and surrounding soil samples from Cryptomeria japonica (Cj) and Chamaecyparis obtusa (Co) at three environmentally different sites. Based on molecular and morphological analyses, we characterized their associated AMF communities. Cj was more densely colonized than Co and that root colonization intensity was significantly correlated with soil AMF diversity. The communities comprised 15 AMF genera dominated by Glomus and Paraglomus and 1443 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) of which 1067 and 1170 were in roots and soil, respectively. AMF communities were significantly different among sites, and the root AMF communities were significantly different from those of soil at each site. The root and soil AMF communities responded differently to soil pH. At the genus level, Glomus and Acaulospora were abundant in roots while Paraglomus and Redeckera were abundant in soil. Our findings suggest that AMF colonizing roots are protected from environmental stresses in soil. However, the root-soil-abundant taxa have adapted to both environments and represent a model AMF symbiont. This evidence of strategic exploitation of the rhizosphere by AMF supports prior hypotheses and provides insights into community ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akotchiffor Kevin Geoffroy Djotan
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences (Laboratory of Forest Botany), University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.
| | - Norihisa Matsushita
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences (Laboratory of Forest Botany), University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Kenji Fukuda
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences (Laboratory of Forest Botany), University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
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Zhang Q, Wang S, Xie Q, Xia Y, Lu L, Wang M, Wang G, Long S, Cai Y, Xu L, Wang E, Jiang Y. Control of arbuscule development by a transcriptional negative feedback loop in Medicago. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5743. [PMID: 37717076 PMCID: PMC10505183 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41493-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Most terrestrial plants establish a symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), which provide them with lipids and sugars in exchange for phosphorus and nitrogen. Nutrient exchange must be dynamically controlled to maintain a mutually beneficial relationship between the two symbiotic partners. The WRI5a and its homologues play a conserved role in lipid supply to AMF. Here, we demonstrate that the AP2/ERF transcription factor MtERM1 binds directly to AW-box and AW-box-like cis-elements in the promoters of MtSTR2 and MtSTR, which are required for host lipid efflux and arbuscule development. The EAR domain-containing transcription factor MtERF12 is also directly activated by MtERM1/MtWRI5a to negatively regulate arbuscule development, and the TOPLESS co-repressor is further recruited by MtERF12 through EAR motif to oppose MtERM1/MtWRI5a function, thereby suppressing arbuscule development. We therefore reveal an ERM1/WRI5a-ERF12-TOPLESS negative feedback loop that enables plants to flexibly control nutrient exchange and ensure a mutually beneficial symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuangshuang Wang
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiujin Xie
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanjun Xia
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Lu
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingxing Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Siyu Long
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunfei Cai
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Xu
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China
| | - Ertao Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yina Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China.
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Mesny F, Hacquard S, Thomma BPHJ. Co-evolution within the plant holobiont drives host performance. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e57455. [PMID: 37471099 PMCID: PMC10481671 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202357455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants interact with a diversity of microorganisms that influence their growth and resilience, and they can therefore be considered as ecological entities, namely "plant holobionts," rather than as singular organisms. In a plant holobiont, the assembly of above- and belowground microbiota is ruled by host, microbial, and environmental factors. Upon microorganism perception, plants activate immune signaling resulting in the secretion of factors that modulate microbiota composition. Additionally, metabolic interdependencies and antagonism between microbes are driving forces for community assemblies. We argue that complex plant-microbe and intermicrobial interactions have been selected for during evolution and may promote the survival and fitness of plants and their associated microorganisms as holobionts. As part of this process, plants evolved metabolite-mediated strategies to selectively recruit beneficial microorganisms in their microbiota. Some of these microbiota members show host-adaptation, from which mutualism may rapidly arise. In the holobiont, microbiota members also co-evolved antagonistic activities that restrict proliferation of microbes with high pathogenic potential and can therefore prevent disease development. Co-evolution within holobionts thus ultimately drives plant performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fantin Mesny
- Institute for Plant SciencesUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Stéphane Hacquard
- Department of Plant Microbe InteractionsMax Planck Institute for Plant Breeding ResearchCologneGermany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS)CologneGermany
| | - Bart PHJ Thomma
- Institute for Plant SciencesUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS)CologneGermany
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Abdalla M, Bitterlich M, Jansa J, Püschel D, Ahmed MA. The role of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis in improving plant water status under drought. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:4808-4824. [PMID: 37409696 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have been presumed to ameliorate crop tolerance to drought. Here, we review the role of AMF in maintaining water supply to plants from drying soils and the underlying biophysical mechanisms. We used a soil-plant hydraulic model to illustrate the impact of several AMF mechanisms on plant responses to edaphic drought. The AMF enhance the soil's capability to transport water and extend the effective root length, thereby attenuating the drop in matric potential at the root surface during soil drying. The synthesized evidence and the corresponding simulations demonstrate that symbiosis with AMF postpones the stress onset limit, which is defined as the disproportionality between transpiration rates and leaf water potentials, during soil drying. The symbiosis can thus help crops survive extended intervals of limited water availability. We also provide our perspective on future research needs and call for reconciling the dynamic changes in soil and root hydraulics in order to better understand the role of AMF in plant water relations in the face of climate changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohanned Abdalla
- Chair of Root-Soil Interaction, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- Chair of Soil Physics, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Khartoum, Khartoum North, Sudan
| | - Michael Bitterlich
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Thaer-Institute, Division Urban Plant Ecophysiology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan Jansa
- Laboratory of Fungal Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - David Püschel
- Department of Mycorrhizal Symbioses, Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Mutez A Ahmed
- Chair of Root-Soil Interaction, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- Chair of Soil Physics, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
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Magnoli SM, Bever JD. Plant productivity response to inter- and intra-symbiont diversity: Mechanisms, manifestations and meta-analyses. Ecol Lett 2023; 26:1614-1628. [PMID: 37317651 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Symbiont diversity can have large effects on plant growth but the mechanisms generating this relationship remain opaque. We identify three potential mechanisms underlying symbiont diversity-plant productivity relationships: provisioning with complementary resources, differential impact of symbionts of varying quality and interference between symbionts. We connect these mechanisms to descriptive representations of plant responses to symbiont diversity, develop analytical tests differentiating these patterns and test them using meta-analysis. We find generally positive symbiont diversity-plant productivity relationships, with relationship strength varying with symbiont type. Inoculation with symbionts from different guilds (e.g. mycorrhizal fungi and rhizobia) yields strongly positive relationships, consistent with complementary benefits from functionally distinct symbionts. In contrast, inoculation with symbionts from the same guild yields weak relationships, with co-inoculation not consistently generating greater growth than the best individual symbiont, consistent with sampling effects. The statistical approaches we outline, along with our conceptual framework, can be used to further explore plant productivity and community responses to symbiont diversity, and we identify critical needs for additional research to explore context dependency in these relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan M Magnoli
- Kansas Biological Survey and Center for Ecological Research, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - James D Bever
- Kansas Biological Survey and Center for Ecological Research and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
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López-Angulo J, Matesanz S, Illuminati A, Pescador DS, Sánchez AM, Pías B, Chacón-Labella J, de la Cruz M, Escudero A. Ecological drivers of fine-scale distribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in a semiarid Mediterranean scrubland. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2023; 131:1107-1119. [PMID: 36976581 PMCID: PMC10457037 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcad050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi enhance the uptake of water and minerals by the plant hosts, alleviating plant stress. Therefore, AM fungal-plant interactions are particularly important in drylands and other stressful ecosystems. We aimed to determine the combined and independent effects of above- and below-ground plant community attributes (i.e. diversity and composition), soil heterogeneity and spatial covariates on the spatial structure of the AM fungal communities in a semiarid Mediterranean scrubland. Furthermore, we evaluated how the phylogenetic relatedness of both plants and AM fungi shapes these symbiotic relationships. METHODS We characterized the composition and diversity of AM fungal and plant communities in a dry Mediterranean scrubland taxonomically and phylogenetically, using DNA metabarcoding and a spatially explicit sampling design at the plant neighbourhood scale. KEY RESULTS The above- and below-ground plant community attributes, soil physicochemical properties and spatial variables explained unique fractions of AM fungal diversity and composition. Mainly, variations in plant composition affected the AM fungal composition and diversity. Our results also showed that particular AM fungal taxa tended to be associated with closely related plant species, suggesting the existence of a phylogenetic signal. Although soil texture, fertility and pH affected AM fungal community assembly, spatial factors had a greater influence on AM fungal community composition and diversity than soil physicochemical properties. CONCLUSIONS Our results highlight that the more easily accessible above-ground vegetation is a reliable indicator of the linkages between plant roots and AM fungi. We also emphasize the importance of soil physicochemical properties in addition to below-ground plant information, while accounting for the phylogenetic relationships of both plants and fungi, because these factors improve our ability to predict the relationships between AM fungal and plant communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús López-Angulo
- Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28933, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH), 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Matesanz
- Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28933, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - Angela Illuminati
- Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28933, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - David S Pescador
- Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28933, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacognosia y Botánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana M Sánchez
- Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28933, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Pías
- Departamento de Biodiversidad, Ecología y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Marcelino de la Cruz
- Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28933, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - Adrián Escudero
- Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28933, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
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Fukasawa Y, Ishii K. Foraging strategies of fungal mycelial networks: responses to quantity and distance of new resources. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1244673. [PMID: 37691819 PMCID: PMC10483288 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1244673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal mycelial networks are essential for translocating and storing water, nutrients, and carbon in forest ecosystems. In particular, wood decay fungi form mycelial networks that connect various woody debris on the forest floor. Understanding their foraging strategies is crucial for complehending the role of mycelium in carbon and nutrient cycling in forests. Previous studies have shown that mycelial networks initiate migration from the original woody resource (inoculum) to a new woody resource (bait) if the latter is sufficiently large but not if it is small. However, the impact of energetic costs during foraging, such as the distance to the bait, has not been considered. In the present study, we conducted full-factorial experiments with two factors, bait size (4 and 8 cm3) and distance from the inoculum (1 and 15 cm). An inoculum wood block, colonized by the wood decay fungus Phanerochaete velutina, was placed in one corner of a bioassay dish (24 cm × 24 cm) filled with unsterilized soil. Once the mycelium grew onto the soil to a distance >15 cm from the inoculum, a sterilized new bait wood block (of either size) was placed on the soil at one of the two distances to be colonized by the mycelia from the inoculum. After 50 days of incubation, the baits were harvested, and their dried weight was measured to calculate the absolute weight loss during incubation. The inoculum wood blocks were retrieved and placed on a new soil dish to determine whether the mycelium would grow out onto the soil again. If no growth occurred within 8 days of additional incubation, we concluded that the mycelium had migrated from the inoculum to the bait. The results showed that mycelia in inocula coupled with baits positioned 1 cm away migrated to the baits more frequently than those with baits positioned 15 cm away. A structural equation model revealed that bait weight loss (energy gain) and hyphal coverage on the soil (foraging cost) significantly influenced mycelial migration decisions. These findings suggest that fungal mycelia may employ their own foraging strategies based on energetic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Fukasawa
- Laboratory of Forest Ecology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Osaki, Miyagi, Japan
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Mortier E, Mounier A, Kreplak J, Martin-Laurent F, Recorbet G, Lamotte O. Evidence that a common arbuscular mycorrhizal network alleviates phosphate shortage in interconnected walnut sapling and maize plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1206047. [PMID: 37636112 PMCID: PMC10448772 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1206047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Under agroforestry practices, inter-specific facilitation between tree rows and cultivated alleys occurs when plants increase the growth of their neighbors especially under nutrient limitation. Owing to a coarse root architecture limiting soil inorganic phosphate (Pi) uptake, walnut trees (Juglans spp.) exhibit dependency on soil-borne symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi that extend extra-radical hyphae beyond the root Pi depletion zone. To investigate the benefits of mycorrhizal walnuts in alley cropping, we experimentally simulated an agroforestry system in which walnut rootstocks RX1 (J. regia x J. microcarpa) were connected or not by a common mycelial network (CMN) to maize plants grown under two contrasting Pi levels. Mycorrhizal colonization parameters showed that the inoculum reservoir formed by inoculated walnut donor saplings allowed the mycorrhization of maize recipient roots. Relative to non-mycorrhizal plants and whatever the Pi supply, CMN enabled walnut saplings to access maize Pi fertilization residues according to significant increases in biomass, stem diameter, and expression of JrPHT1;1 and JrPHT1;2, two mycorrhiza-inducible phosphate transporter candidates here identified by phylogenic inference of orthologs. In the lowest Pi supply, stem height, leaf Pi concentration, and biomass of RX1 were significantly higher than in non-mycorrhizal controls, showing that mycorrhizal connections between walnut and maize roots alleviated Pi deficiency in the mycorrhizal RX1 donor plant. Under Pi limitation, maize recipient plants also benefited from mycorrhization relative to controls, as inferred from larger stem diameter and height, biomass, leaf number, N content, and Pi concentration. Mycorrhization-induced Pi uptake generated a higher carbon cost for donor walnut plants than for maize plants by increasing walnut plant photosynthesis to provide the AM fungus with carbon assimilate. Here, we show that CMN alleviates Pi deficiency in co-cultivated walnut and maize plants, and may therefore contribute to limit the use of chemical P fertilizers in agroforestry systems.
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Hoosein S, Neuenkamp L, Trivedi P, Paschke MW. AM fungal-bacterial relationships: what can they tell us about ecosystem sustainability and soil functioning? FRONTIERS IN FUNGAL BIOLOGY 2023; 4:1141963. [PMID: 37746131 PMCID: PMC10512368 DOI: 10.3389/ffunb.2023.1141963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Considering our growing population and our continuous degradation of soil environments, understanding the fundamental ecology of soil biota and plant microbiomes will be imperative to sustaining soil systems. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi extend their hyphae beyond plant root zones, creating microhabitats with bacterial symbionts for nutrient acquisition through a tripartite symbiotic relationship along with plants. Nonetheless, it is unclear what drives these AM fungal-bacterial relationships and how AM fungal functional traits contribute to these relationships. By delving into the literature, we look at the drivers and complexity behind AM fungal-bacterial relationships, describe the shift needed in AM fungal research towards the inclusion of interdisciplinary tools, and discuss the utilization of bacterial datasets to provide contextual evidence behind these complex relationships, bringing insights and new hypotheses to AM fungal functional traits. From this synthesis, we gather that interdependent microbial relationships are at the foundation of understanding microbiome functionality and deciphering microbial functional traits. We suggest using pattern-based inference tools along with machine learning to elucidate AM fungal-bacterial relationship trends, along with the utilization of synthetic communities, functional gene analyses, and metabolomics to understand how AM fungal and bacterial communities facilitate communication for the survival of host plant communities. These suggestions could result in improving microbial inocula and products, as well as a better understanding of complex relationships in terrestrial ecosystems that contribute to plant-soil feedbacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabana Hoosein
- Department of Forest and Rangeland Stewardship/Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Lena Neuenkamp
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, Münster University, Münster, Germany
- Department of Ecology and Multidisciplinary Institute for Environment Studies “Ramon Margalef,” University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Pankaj Trivedi
- Microbiome Network, Department of Agricultural Biology, Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Mark W. Paschke
- Department of Forest and Rangeland Stewardship/Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
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Rahman A, Manci M, Nadon C, Perez IA, Farsamin WF, Lampe MT, Le TH, Torres Martínez L, Weisberg AJ, Chang JH, Sachs JL. Competitive interference among rhizobia reduces benefits to hosts. Curr Biol 2023; 33:2988-3001.e4. [PMID: 37490853 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.06.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
The capacity of beneficial microbes to compete for host infection-and the ability of hosts to discriminate among them-introduces evolutionary conflict that is predicted to destabilize mutualism. We investigated fitness outcomes in associations between legumes and their symbiotic rhizobia to characterize fitness impacts of microbial competition. Diverse Bradyrhizobium strains varying in their capacity to fix nitrogen symbiotically with a common host plant, Acmispon strigosus, were tested in full-factorial coinoculation experiments involving 28 pairwise strain combinations. We analyzed the effects of interstrain competition and host discrimination on symbiotic-interaction outcomes by relativizing fitness proxies to clonally infected and uninfected controls. More than one thousand root nodules of coinoculated plants were genotyped to quantify strain occupancy, and the Bradyrhizobium strain genome sequences were analyzed to uncover the genetic bases of interstrain competition outcomes. Strikingly, interstrain competition favored a fast-growing, minimally beneficial rhizobia strain. Host benefits were significantly diminished in coinoculation treatments relative to expectations from clonally inoculated controls, consistent with competitive interference among rhizobia that reduced both nodulation and plant growth. Competition traits appear polygenic, linked with inter-strain allelopathic interactions in the rhizosphere. This study confirms that competition among strains can destabilize mutualism by favoring microbes that are superior in colonizing host tissues but provide minimal benefits to host plants. Moreover, our findings help resolve the paradox that despite efficient host control post infection, legumes nonetheless encounter rhizobia that vary in their nitrogen fixation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arafat Rahman
- Institute of Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Max Manci
- Department of Microbiology & Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Cassandra Nadon
- Department of Evolution Ecology & Organismal Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Ivan A Perez
- Department of Evolution Ecology & Organismal Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Warisha F Farsamin
- Department of Evolution Ecology & Organismal Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Matthew T Lampe
- Department of Evolution Ecology & Organismal Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Tram H Le
- Department of Evolution Ecology & Organismal Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Lorena Torres Martínez
- Department of Evolution Ecology & Organismal Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; Department of Biology, St. Mary's College of Maryland, St. Mary's City, MD 20686, USA
| | - Alexandra J Weisberg
- Department of Botany & Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Jeff H Chang
- Department of Botany & Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Joel L Sachs
- Institute of Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; Department of Microbiology & Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; Department of Evolution Ecology & Organismal Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
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Luo X, Liu Y, Li S, He X. Interplant carbon and nitrogen transfers mediated by common arbuscular mycorrhizal networks: beneficial pathways for system functionality. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1169310. [PMID: 37502701 PMCID: PMC10369077 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1169310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are ubiquitous in soil and form nutritional symbioses with ~80% of vascular plant species, which significantly impact global carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) biogeochemical cycles. Roots of plant individuals are interconnected by AMF hyphae to form common AM networks (CAMNs), which provide pathways for the transfer of C and N from one plant to another, promoting plant coexistence and biodiversity. Despite that stable isotope methodologies (13C, 14C and 15N tracer techniques) have demonstrated CAMNs are an important pathway for the translocation of both C and N, the functioning of CAMNs in ecosystem C and N dynamics remains equivocal. This review systematically synthesizes both laboratory and field evidence in interplant C and N transfer through CAMNs generated through stable isotope methodologies and highlights perspectives on the system functionality of CAMNs with implications for plant coexistence, species diversity and community stability. One-way transfers from donor to recipient plants of 0.02-41% C and 0.04-80% N of recipient C and N have been observed, with the reverse fluxes generally less than 15% of donor C and N. Interplant C and N transfers have practical implications for plant performance, coexistence and biodiversity in both resource-limited and resource-unlimited habitats. Resource competition among coexisting individuals of the same or different species is undoubtedly modified by such C and N transfers. Studying interplant variability in these transfers with 13C and 15N tracer application and natural abundance measurements could address the eco physiological significance of such CAMNs in sustainable agricultural and natural ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xie Luo
- School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Institute of Changjiang Water Environment and Ecological Security, Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, China
- National Base of International Science and Technology (S&T) Collaboration on Water Environmental Monitoring and Simulation in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region and Centre of Excellence for Soil Biology, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yining Liu
- National Base of International Science and Technology (S&T) Collaboration on Water Environmental Monitoring and Simulation in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region and Centre of Excellence for Soil Biology, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Siyue Li
- School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Institute of Changjiang Water Environment and Ecological Security, Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinhua He
- National Base of International Science and Technology (S&T) Collaboration on Water Environmental Monitoring and Simulation in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region and Centre of Excellence for Soil Biology, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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64
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Ma N, Kou L, Li S, Dai X, Meng S, Jiang L, Xue Y, Zheng J, Fu X, Wang H. Plant-soil feedback regulates the trade-off between phosphorus acquisition pathways in Pinus elliottii. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 43:1092-1103. [PMID: 37074159 PMCID: PMC10785040 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpad044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Plant-soil feedback (PSF) is conventionally characterized by plant biomass growth, yet it remains unclear how PSF affects plant nutrient acquisition strategies (e.g., nutrient absorption and nutrient resorption) associated with plant growth, particularly under changing soil environments. A greenhouse experiment was performed with seedlings of Pinus elliottii Englem and conditioned soils of monoculture plantations (P. elliottii and Cunninghamia lanceolata Hook). Soil sterilization was designed to test plant phosphorus (P) acquisition strategy with and without native soil fungal communities. Soils from P. elliottii and C. lanceolata plantations were used to explore the specific soil legacy effects on two different P acquisition pathways (absorption and resorption). Phosphorus addition was also applied to examine the separate and combined effects of soil abiotic factors and soil fungal factors on P acquisition pathways. Due to diminished mycorrhizal symbiosis, PSF prompted plants to increasingly rely on P resorption under soil sterilization. In contrast, P absorption was employed preferentially in the heterospecific soil, where species-specific pathogenic fungi could not affect P absorption. Higher soil P availability diluted the effects of soil fungal factors on the trade-off between the two P acquisition pathways in terms of the absolute PSF. Moreover, P addition plays a limited role in terms of the relative PSF and does not affect the direction and strength of relative PSF. Our results reveal the role of PSF in regulating plant P acquisition pathways and highlight the interaction between mycorrhizal and pathogenic fungi as the underlying mechanism of PSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Ma
- National Ecosystem Science Data Center, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Eastern Yanqihu Campus, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 380 Huaibeizhuang, Beijing 101400, China
| | - Liang Kou
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Qianyanzhou Ecological Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Shenggong Li
- National Ecosystem Science Data Center, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Eastern Yanqihu Campus, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 380 Huaibeizhuang, Beijing 101400, China
| | - Xiaoqin Dai
- Qianyanzhou Ecological Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Shengwang Meng
- Qianyanzhou Ecological Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- National Ecosystem Science Data Center, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yafang Xue
- National Ecosystem Science Data Center, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiajia Zheng
- National Ecosystem Science Data Center, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoli Fu
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Qianyanzhou Ecological Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Huimin Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Qianyanzhou Ecological Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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Ramana JV, Tylianakis JM, Ridgway HJ, Dickie IA. Root diameter, host specificity and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal community composition among native and exotic plant species. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 239:301-310. [PMID: 36967581 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Plant root systems rely on a functionally diverse range of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to, among other benefits, extend their nutrient foraging. Extended nutrient foraging is likely of greatest importance to coarse-rooted plants, yet few studies have examined the link between root traits and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal community composition. Here, we examine the relationship between root diameter and the composition of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities in a range of native and exotic plant species. We characterized the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities of 30 co-occurring native and exotic montane grassland/shrubland plant species in New Zealand. We found that plant root diameter and native/exotic status both strongly correlated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal community composition. Coarse-rooted plants had a lower diversity of mycorrhizal fungi compared with fine-rooted plants and associated less with generalist fungal partners. Exotic plants had a lower diversity of fungi and fewer associations with nondominant families of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi compared with native plants. These observational patterns suggest that plants may differentially associate with fungal partners based on their root traits, with coarse-rooted plants being more specific in their associations. Furthermore, exotic plants may associate with dominant arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal taxa as a strategy in invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- John V Ramana
- Bioprotection Aotearoa, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, 8041, New Zealand
- Manaaki Whenua - Landcare Research, Lincoln, 7640, New Zealand
| | - Jason M Tylianakis
- Bioprotection Aotearoa, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, 8041, New Zealand
| | - Hayley J Ridgway
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Lincoln, 7608, New Zealand
| | - Ian A Dickie
- Bioprotection Aotearoa, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, 8041, New Zealand
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Guo Y, Shen K, Xia T, He Y, Ren W, Wu P, Lin Y, Wu B, Han X, Gao L, Li J, Hu X, Wang L, Jiao M, Yan J, Yang X, Yu H, Zhang J. The interspecific competition of tree plants in the presence of AM fungi and litter facilitates root morphological development and nutrition when compared with intraspecific competition. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:80496-80511. [PMID: 37300731 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28119-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi can affect plant growth by regulating competition. Nutrient-deficient karst habitats contain abundant plants that compete for nutrients through interspecific or intraspecific competition, involving the nutritional transformation of litter decomposition. However, how plant competition in the presence of AM fungi and litter affects root development and nutrition remains unclear. A potted experiment was conducted, including AM fungus treatment with or without Glomus etunicatum, the competition treatment concerning intraspecific or interspecific competition through planting Broussonetia papyrifera and Carpinus pubescens seedlings, and the litter treatment with or without the mixture of B. papyrifera and C. pubescens litter leaves. The root morphological traits were analyzed, and nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) were measured. The results showed that AM fungus differently affected the root morphological development and nutrition of both competitive plants, significantly promoting B. papyrifera roots in the increase of dry weight, length, volume, surface area, tips, and branches as well as N, P, and K acquisitions regardless of litter addition. However, there was no apparent influence for C. pubescens roots, except for the diameter in the interspecific competition with litter. The root dry weight, length, volume, surface area, and tips of B. papyrifera under two competitive styles were significantly greater than C. pubescens regulated by AM fungus, presenting significant species differences. The responses of the relative competition intensity (RCI) on root morphological and nutritional traits indicated that AM fungus and litter both asymmetrically alleviated more competitive pressure for B. papyrifera than C. pubescens, and the interspecific competition facilitated more root morphological development and nutrition utilization by endowing B. papyrifera root superiority relative to C. pubescens compared with the intraspecific competition. In conclusion, interspecific competition is more beneficial for plant root development and nutrition than intraspecific competition in the presence of AM fungus and litter via asymmetrically alleviating competitive pressure for different plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Guo
- Forestry College, Research Center of Forest Ecology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Kaiping Shen
- Forestry College, Research Center of Forest Ecology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Tingting Xia
- Forestry College, Research Center of Forest Ecology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Yuejun He
- Forestry College, Research Center of Forest Ecology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
- Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
| | - Wenda Ren
- Forestry College, Research Center of Forest Ecology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Pan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Yan Lin
- Forestry College, Research Center of Forest Ecology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Bangli Wu
- Forestry College, Research Center of Forest Ecology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Xu Han
- Forestry College, Research Center of Forest Ecology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Lu Gao
- Forestry College, Research Center of Forest Ecology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Jinting Li
- Forestry College, Research Center of Forest Ecology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Xiaorun Hu
- Forestry College, Research Center of Forest Ecology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Li Wang
- Forestry College, Research Center of Forest Ecology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Min Jiao
- Forestry College, Research Center of Forest Ecology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Jiawei Yan
- Forestry College, Research Center of Forest Ecology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Xionggui Yang
- Forestry College, Research Center of Forest Ecology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Hangcheng Yu
- Forestry College, Research Center of Forest Ecology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Jingkun Zhang
- Forestry College, Research Center of Forest Ecology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
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67
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Noceto PA, Durney C, van Tuinen D, de Sousa J, Wipf D, Courty PE. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities differ in neighboring vineyards of different ages. MYCORRHIZA 2023; 33:241-248. [PMID: 37450046 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-023-01117-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are key organisms in viticultural ecosystems as they provide many ecosystem services to soils and plants. Data about AMF community dynamics over time are relatively scarce and at short time scales. Many factors such as the soil, climate, and agricultural practices could modify the dynamics and functions of microbial communities. However, the effects on microbial communities of plant phenology and changes in plant physiology over time largely have been overlooked. We analyzed the diversity of AMF in three geographically close vineyards with similar soil parameters for 2 years. The plots differed in grapevine age (11, 36, and 110 years), but had the same soil management practice (horse tillage). Diversity analyses revealed a difference in the composition of AMF communities between the soil and grapevine roots and among roots of grapevines of different ages. This underlines AMF adaptation to physiological changes in the host which can explain the development of different AMF communities. The dynamics of AMF communities can highlight their resilience to environmental changes and agricultural practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Antoine Noceto
- Agroécologie, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Célien Durney
- Agroécologie, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Diederik van Tuinen
- Agroécologie, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000, Dijon, France
| | | | - Daniel Wipf
- Agroécologie, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Courty
- Agroécologie, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000, Dijon, France.
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68
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Six DL, Biedermann PHW. Fidelity or love the one you're with? Biotic complexity and tradeoffs can drive strategy and specificity in beetle-fungus by-product mutualisms. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10345. [PMID: 37492462 PMCID: PMC10363798 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
By-product mutualisms are ubiquitous yet seldom considered in models of mutualism. Most models represent conditional mutualisms that shift between mutualism and antagonism in response to shifts in costs and benefits resulting from changes in environmental quality. However, in by-product mutualisms, benefits arise as a part of normal life processes that may be costly to produce but incur little-to-no additional costs in response to the interaction. Without costs associated with the interaction, they do not have antagonistic alternate states. Here, we present a conceptual model that differs from traditional conditional models in three ways: (1) partners exchange by-product benefits, (2) interactions do not have alternate antagonistic states, and (3) tradeoffs are allowed among factors that influence environmental quality (rather than all factors that contribute to environmental quality being combined into a single gradient ranging from high to low). We applied this model to bark and ambrosia beetles (Curculionidae: Scolytinae), a diverse group that associates with fungi and that has repeatedly developed two distinct pathways to by-product mutualism. We used independent axes for each major factor influencing environmental quality in these systems, including those that exhibit tradeoffs (tree defense and nutritional quality). For these symbioses, tradeoffs in these two factors are key to which mutualism pathway is taken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana L. Six
- Department of Ecosystem and Conservation ScienceUniversity of MontanaMissoulaMontanaUSA
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69
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Hawkins HJ, Cargill RIM, Van Nuland ME, Hagen SC, Field KJ, Sheldrake M, Soudzilovskaia NA, Kiers ET. Mycorrhizal mycelium as a global carbon pool. Curr Biol 2023; 33:R560-R573. [PMID: 37279689 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
For more than 400 million years, mycorrhizal fungi and plants have formed partnerships that are crucial to the emergence and functioning of global ecosystems. The importance of these symbiotic fungi for plant nutrition is well established. However, the role of mycorrhizal fungi in transporting carbon into soil systems on a global scale remains under-explored. This is surprising given that ∼75% of terrestrial carbon is stored belowground and mycorrhizal fungi are stationed at a key entry point of carbon into soil food webs. Here, we analyze nearly 200 datasets to provide the first global quantitative estimates of carbon allocation from plants to the mycelium of mycorrhizal fungi. We estimate that global plant communities allocate 3.93 Gt CO2e per year to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, 9.07 Gt CO2e per year to ectomycorrhizal fungi, and 0.12 Gt CO2e per year to ericoid mycorrhizal fungi. Based on this estimate, 13.12 Gt of CO2e fixed by terrestrial plants is, at least temporarily, allocated to the underground mycelium of mycorrhizal fungi per year, equating to ∼36% of current annual CO2 emissions from fossil fuels. We explore the mechanisms by which mycorrhizal fungi affect soil carbon pools and identify approaches to increase our understanding of global carbon fluxes via plant-fungal pathways. Our estimates, although based on the best available evidence, are imperfect and should be interpreted with caution. Nonetheless, our estimations are conservative, and we argue that this work confirms the significant contribution made by mycorrhizal associations to global carbon dynamics. Our findings should motivate their inclusion both within global climate and carbon cycling models, and within conservation policy and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi-Jayne Hawkins
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7701, South Africa; Conservation International, Forrest House, Belmont Park, Cape Town 7700, South Africa.
| | - Rachael I M Cargill
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; AMOLF, Science Park 102, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michael E Van Nuland
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Society for the Protection of Underground Networks, SPUN, 3500 South DuPont Highway, Dover, DE 19901, USA
| | | | - Katie J Field
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, The University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Merlin Sheldrake
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Society for the Protection of Underground Networks, SPUN, 3500 South DuPont Highway, Dover, DE 19901, USA
| | | | - E Toby Kiers
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Society for the Protection of Underground Networks, SPUN, 3500 South DuPont Highway, Dover, DE 19901, USA
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Jia T, Zhang Y, Yao Y, Wang Y, Liang X, Zheng M, Zhao L, Chai B. Effects of AMF inoculation on the eco-physiological characteristics of Imperata cylindrica under differing soil nitrogen conditions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1134995. [PMID: 37332719 PMCID: PMC10272611 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1134995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) play a key role in terrestrial ecosystems, while the ecological restoration application of AMF in mining areas has been progressively gaining attention. This study simulated a low nitrogen (N) environment in copper tailings mining soil to explore inoculative effects of four AMF species on the eco-physiological characteristics of Imperata cylindrica, and provided plant-microbial symbiote with excellent resistance to copper tailings. Results show that N, soil type, AMF species, and associated interactions significantly affected ammonium (NH4 +), nitrate nitrogen (NO3 -), and total nitrogen (TN) content and photosynthetic characteristics of I. cylindrica. Additionally, interactions between soil type and AMF species significantly affected the biomass, plant height, and tiller number of I. cylindrica. Rhizophagus irregularis and Glomus claroideun significantly increased TN and NH4 + content in the belowground components I. cylindrica in non-mineralized sand. Moreover, the inoculation of these two fungi species significantly increased belowground NH4 + content in mineralized sand. The net photosynthetic rate positively correlated to aboveground total carbon (TC) and TN content under the high N and non-mineralized sand treatment. Moreover, Glomus claroideun and Glomus etunicatum inoculation significantly increased both net photosynthetic and water utilization rates, while F. mosseae inoculation significantly increased the transpiration rate under the low N treatment. Additionally, aboveground total sulfur (TS) content positively correlated to the intercellular carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration, stomatal conductance, and the transpiration rate under the low N sand treatment. Furthermore, G. claroideun, G. etunicatum, and F. mosseae inoculation significantly increased aboveground NH4 + and belowground TC content of I. cylindrica, while G. etunicatum significantly increased belowground NH4 + content. Average membership function values of all physiological and ecological I. cylindrica indexes infected with AMF species were higher compared to the control group, while corresponding values of I. cylindrica inoculated with G. claroideun were highest overall. Finally, comprehensive evaluation coefficients were highest under both the low N and high N mineralized sand treatments. This study provides information on microbial resources and plant-microbe symbionts in a copper tailings area, while aiming to improve current nutrient-poor soil conditions and ecological restoration efficiency in copper tailings areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Jia
- Shanxi Laboratory for Yellow River, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration on Loess Plateau, Institute of Loess Plateau, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Shanxi Laboratory for Yellow River, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration on Loess Plateau, Institute of Loess Plateau, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yushan Yao
- Shanxi Laboratory for Yellow River, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration on Loess Plateau, Institute of Loess Plateau, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Shanxi Laboratory for Yellow River, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration on Loess Plateau, Institute of Loess Plateau, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xueli Liang
- Shanxi Laboratory for Yellow River, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration on Loess Plateau, Institute of Loess Plateau, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Mengyao Zheng
- Shanxi Laboratory for Yellow River, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration on Loess Plateau, Institute of Loess Plateau, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Lijuan Zhao
- School of Chemistry, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Baofeng Chai
- Shanxi Laboratory for Yellow River, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration on Loess Plateau, Institute of Loess Plateau, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
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Durant E, Hoysted GA, Howard N, Sait SM, Childs DZ, Johnson D, Field KJ. Herbivore-driven disruption of arbuscular mycorrhizal carbon-for-nutrient exchange is ameliorated by neighboring plants. Curr Biol 2023:S0960-9822(23)00663-2. [PMID: 37290441 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi colonize the roots of most plants, forming a near-ubiquitous symbiosis1 that is typically characterized by the bi-directional exchange of fungal-acquired nutrients for plant-fixed carbon.2 Mycorrhizal fungi can form below-ground networks3,4,5,6 with potential to facilitate the movement of carbon, nutrients, and defense signals across plant communities.7,8,9 The importance of neighbors in mediating carbon-for-nutrient exchange between mycorrhizal fungi and their plant hosts remains equivocal, particularly when other competing pressures for plant resources are present. We manipulated carbon source and sink strengths of neighboring pairs of host plants through exposure to aphids and tracked the movement of carbon and nutrients through mycorrhizal fungal networks with isotope tracers. When carbon sink strengths of both neighboring plants were increased by aphid herbivory, plant carbon supply to extraradical mycorrhizal fungal hyphae was reduced, but mycorrhizal phosphorus supply to both plants was maintained, albeit variably, across treatments. However, when the sink strength of only one plant in a pair was increased, carbon supply to mycorrhizal fungi was restored. Our results show that loss of carbon inputs into mycorrhizal fungal hyphae from one plant may be ameliorated through inputs of a neighbor, demonstrating the responsiveness and resilience of mycorrhizal plant communities to biological stressors. Furthermore, our results indicate that mycorrhizal nutrient exchange dynamics are better understood as community-wide interactions between multiple players rather than as strict exchanges between individual plants and their symbionts, suggesting that mycorrhizal C-for-nutrient exchange is likely based more on unequal terms of trade than the "fair trade" model for symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Durant
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S10 2TN, UK
| | - Grace A Hoysted
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S10 2TN, UK; School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, County Dublin D4, Ireland
| | - Nathan Howard
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S10 2TN, UK
| | - Steven M Sait
- School of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Dylan Z Childs
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S10 2TN, UK
| | - David Johnson
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, Greater Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Katie J Field
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S10 2TN, UK.
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Toppo P, Kagatay LL, Gurung A, Singla P, Chakraborty R, Roy S, Mathur P. Endophytic fungi mediates production of bioactive secondary metabolites via modulation of genes involved in key metabolic pathways and their contribution in different biotechnological sector. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:191. [PMID: 37197561 PMCID: PMC10183385 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03605-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Endophytic fungi stimulate the production of an enormous number of bioactive metabolites in medicinal plants and affect the different steps of biosynthetic pathways of these secondary metabolites. Endophytic fungi possess a number of biosynthetic gene clusters that possess genes for various enzymes, transcription factors, etc., in their genome responsible for the production of secondary metabolites. Additionally, endophytic fungi also modulate the expression of various genes responsible for the synthesis of key enzymes involved in metabolic pathways of such as HMGR, DXR, etc. involved in the production of a large number of phenolic compounds as well as regulate the expression of genes involved in the production of alkaloids and terpenoids in different plants. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of gene expression related to endophytes and their impact on metabolic pathways. Additionally, this review will emphasize the studies done to isolate these secondary metabolites from endophytic fungi in large quantities and assess their bioactivity. Due to ease in synthesis of secondary metabolites and their huge application in the medical industry, these bioactive metabolites are now being extracted from strains of these endophytic fungi commercially. Apart from their application in the pharmaceutical industry, most of these metabolites extracted from endophytic fungi also possess plant growth-promoting ability, bioremediation potential, novel bio control agents, sources of anti-oxidants, etc. The review will comprehensively shed a light on the biotechnological application of these fungal metabolites at the industrial level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabha Toppo
- Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of North Bengal, Rajarammohunpur, Dist. Darjeeling, Siliguri, West Bengal India
| | - Lahasang Lamu Kagatay
- Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of North Bengal, Rajarammohunpur, Dist. Darjeeling, Siliguri, West Bengal India
| | - Ankita Gurung
- Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of North Bengal, Rajarammohunpur, Dist. Darjeeling, Siliguri, West Bengal India
| | - Priyanka Singla
- Department of Botany, Mount Carmel College, Bengaluru, Karnataka India
| | - Rakhi Chakraborty
- Department of Botany, Acharya Prafulla Chandra Roy Government College, Dist. Darjeeling, Siliguri, West Bengal India
| | - Swarnendu Roy
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of North Bengal, Rajarammohunpur, Dist. Darjeeling, Siliguri, West Bengal India
| | - Piyush Mathur
- Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of North Bengal, Rajarammohunpur, Dist. Darjeeling, Siliguri, West Bengal India
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73
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Khokon AM, Janz D, Polle A. Ectomycorrhizal diversity, taxon-specific traits and root N uptake in temperate beech forests. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023. [PMID: 37229659 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Roots of forest trees are colonized by a diverse spectrum of ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungal species differing in their nitrogen (N) acquisition abilities. Here, we hypothesized that root N gain is the result of EM fungal diversity or related to taxon-specific traits for N uptake. To test our hypotheses, we traced 15 N enrichment in fine roots, coarse roots and taxon-specific ectomycorrhizas in temperate beech forests in two regions and three seasons, feeding 1 mM NH4 NO3 labelled with either 15 NH4 + or 15 NO3 - . We morphotyped > 45 000 vital root tips and identified 51 of 53 detected EM species by sequencing. EM root tips exhibited strong, fungal taxon-specific variation in 15 N enrichment with higher NH4 + than NO3 - enrichment. The translocation of N into the upper parts of the root system increased with increasing EM fungal diversity. Across the growth season, influential EM species predicting root N gain were not identified, probably due to high temporal dynamics of the species composition of EM assemblages. Our results support that root N acquisition is related to EM fungal community-level traits and highlight the importance of EM diversity for tree N nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anis Mahmud Khokon
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
- Functional Forest Ecology, Universität Hamburg, Barsbüttel, 22885, Germany
| | - Dennis Janz
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Andrea Polle
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
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Mi Y, Xu C, Li X, Zhou M, Cao K, Dong C, Li X, Ji N, Wang F, Su H, Liu X, Wei Y. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi community analysis revealed the significant impact of arsenic in antimony- and arsenic-contaminated soil in three Guizhou regions. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1189400. [PMID: 37275177 PMCID: PMC10232906 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1189400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The lack of systematic investigations of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) community composition is an obstacle to AMF biotechnological applications in antimony (Sb)- and arsenic (As)-polluted soil. Methods Morphological and molecular identification were applied to study the AMF community composition in Sb- and As-contaminated areas, and the main influencing factors of AMF community composition in Sb- and As-contaminated areas were explored. Results (1) A total of 513,546 sequences were obtained, and the majority belonged to Glomeraceae [88.27%, 193 operational taxonomic units (OTUs)], followed by Diversisporaceae, Paraglomeraceae, Acaulosporaceae, Gigasporaceae, and Archaeosporaceae; (2) the affinity between AMF and plants was mainly related to plant species (F = 3.488, p = 0.022 < 0.050), which was not significantly correlated with the total Sb (TSb) and total As (TAs) in soil; (3) the AMF spore density was mainly related to the available nitrogen, available potassium, and total organic carbon; (4) The effect of soil nutrients on AMF community composition (total explanation: 15.36%) was greater than that of soil Sb and As content (total explanation: 5.80%); (5) the effect of TAs on AMF community composition (λ = -0.96) was more drastic than that of TSb (λ = -0.21), and the effect of As on AMF community composition was exacerbated by the interaction between As and phosphorus in the soil; and (6) Diversisporaceae was positively correlated with the TSb and TAs. Discussion The potential impact of As on the effective application of mycorrhizal technology should be further considered when applied to the ecological restoration of Sb- and As-contaminated areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidong Mi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Xu
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinru Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ke Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cuimin Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuemei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ningning Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fanfan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hailei Su
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuesong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
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75
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Yuan M, Zhang D, Wang Z, Zhu Z, Sun H, Wang W, Han D, Qu Z, Ma B, Wang J, Wang L, Han D. Salt altered rhizosphere fungal community and induced soybean recruit specific species to ameliorate salt stress. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1142780. [PMID: 37260678 PMCID: PMC10227517 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1142780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Different crop genotypes showed different adaptability to salt stress, which is partly attributable to the microorganisms in the rhizosphere. Yet, knowledge about how fungal communities of different genotypes in soybean respond to salt stress is limited. Here, qPCR and ITS sequencing were used to assess the response of rhizobial fungal communities of resistant and susceptible soybean to salt stress. Moreover, we isolated two fungal species recruited by resistant soybeans for validation. The assembly of fungal community structure might be strongly linked to alterations in fungal abundance and soil physicochemical properties. Salt stress derived structural differences in fungal communities of resistant and susceptible genotypes. The salt-resistant genotype appeared to recruit some fungal taxa to the rhizosphere to help mitigating salt stress. An increase of fungal taxa with predicted saprotrophic lifestyles might help promoting plant growth by increasing nutrient availability to the plants. Compared with the susceptible genotypes, the resistant genotypes had more stronger network structure of fungi. Lastly, we verified that recruited fungi, such as Penicillium and Aspergillus, can soybean adapt to salt stress. This study provided a promising approach for rhizospheric fungal community to enhance salt tolerance of soybean from the perspective of microbiology and ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yuan
- Qiqihar Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihar, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Qiqihar Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihar, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Qiqihar Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihar, China
| | - Zhijia Zhu
- Qiqihar Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihar, China
| | - Haoyue Sun
- Qiqihar Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihar, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Environmental Resources, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Dezhi Han
- Heihe Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Heihe, China
| | - Zhongcheng Qu
- Qiqihar Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihar, China
| | - Bo Ma
- Qiqihar Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihar, China
| | - Junqiang Wang
- Qiqihar Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihar, China
| | - Lianxia Wang
- Qiqihar Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihar, China
| | - Dongwei Han
- Qiqihar Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihar, China
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76
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Liu Z, Yu Z, Song B, Li Y, Fang J, Guo Y, Jin J, Adams JM. Elevated CO 2 and temperature increase arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal diversity, but decrease root colonization, in maize and wheat. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 873:162321. [PMID: 36801413 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic climate change threatens ecosystem multifunctionality. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are important symbionts that participate in mediating many ecosystem processes, and thus being potentially essential link in the chain of responses to climate change. Yet, how climate change affect the abundance and community structure of AM fungi associated with different crops remains elusive. Here, we investigated the changes in rhizosphere AM fungal communities and growth performance of maize and wheat grown in Mollisols under experimentally elevated CO2 (eCO2, +300 ppm), temperature (eT, +2 °C) and both in-combination (eCT) with open-top chambers, representing a scenario likely to occur by this century's end. The results showed that eCT significantly shifted AM fungal communities in both rhizospheres compared with control, but with no remarkable variation of the overall communities in maize rhizosphere, suggesting their greater resistance to climate change. Both eCO2 and eT increased rhizosphere AM fungal diversity, and conversely they reduced mycorrhizal colonization of both crops, probably since AM fungi had distinct adaptive strategies to climate change in rhizospheres (i.e., r-strategy) and roots (K-strategy), while the colonization intensity positively correlated with a decreased phosphorus (P)-uptake in two crops. Furthermore, co-occurrence network analysis showed that eCO2 strongly decreased the modularity and betweenness centrality of network structure than that of eT and eCT in both rhizospheres, along with the reduced network robustness, implied their destabilized communities under eCO2, while root stoichiometry (C:N and C:P ratio) was the most important factor associating with taxa in networks regardless of climate change. Overall, those findings suggest that rhizosphere AM fungal communities in wheat appear to be more sensitive to climate change than that in maize, further highlighting the importance of effective monitoring and managing AM fungi, which may allow crops to maintain critical levels of mineral nutrients (at least P) under future global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Liu
- School of Geography and Oceanography, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Zhenhua Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 138 Haping Road, Harbin 150081, China.
| | - Bin Song
- School of Geography and Oceanography, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yansheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 138 Haping Road, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Jie Fang
- School of Geography and Oceanography, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yaping Guo
- School of Geography and Oceanography, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Jian Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 138 Haping Road, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Jonathan M Adams
- School of Geography and Oceanography, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China.
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Bshary R, Noë R. A marine cleaning mutualism provides new insights in biological market dynamics. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2023; 378:20210501. [PMID: 36934753 PMCID: PMC10024986 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2021.0501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Most mutually beneficial social interactions (cooperation within species, mutualism between species) involve some degree of partner choice. In an analogy to economic theory as applied to human trading practices, biological market theory (BMT) focuses on how partner choice affects payoff distributions among non-human traders. BMT has inspired a great diversity of research, including research on the mutualism between cleaner fish Labroides dimidiatus and other marine fish, their 'clients'. In this mutualism, clients have ectoparasites removed and cleaners obtain food in return. We use the available data on L. dimidiatus cleaner-client interactions to identify avenues for future expansion of BMT. We focus on three main topics, namely how partner quality interacts with supply-to-demand ratios to affect service quality, the role of threats and forms of forceful intervention, and the potential role of cognition. We consider it essential to identify the specifics of each biological market as a basis for the development of more sophisticated BMT models. This article is part of the theme issue 'Half a century of evolutionary games: a synthesis of theory, application and future directions'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Redouan Bshary
- Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Emile-Argand 11, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Ronald Noë
- Department of Psychology, Tuk, The Netherlands and Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-1104, USA
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78
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Leimar O, McNamara JM. Game theory in biology: 50 years and onwards. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2023; 378:20210509. [PMID: 36934762 PMCID: PMC10024991 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2021.0509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 03/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Game theory in biology gained prominence 50 years ago, when Maynard Smith & Price formulated the concept of an evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS). Their aim was to explain why conflicts between animals of the same species usually are of a 'limited war' type, not causing serious injury. They emphasized that game theory is an alternative to previous ideas about group selection, which were used by ethologists to explain limited aggression. Subsequently, the ESS concept was applied to many phenomena with frequency dependence in the evolutionary success of strategies, including sex allocation, alternative mating types, contest behaviour and signalling, cooperation, and parental care. Both the analyses of signalling and cooperation were inspired by similar problems in economics and attracted much attention in biology. Here we give a perspective on which of the ambitions in the field have been achieved, with a focus on contest behaviour and cooperation. We evaluate whether the game-theoretical study of the evolution of cooperation has measured up to expectations in explaining the behaviour of non-human animals. We also point to potentially fruitful directions for the field, and emphasize the importance of incorporating realistic behavioural mechanisms into models. This article is part of the theme issue 'Half a century of evolutionary games: a synthesis of theory, application and future directions'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olof Leimar
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm 106 91, Sweden
| | - John M. McNamara
- School of Mathematics, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1UG, UK
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79
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Henriksson N, Marshall J, Högberg MN, Högberg P, Polle A, Franklin O, Näsholm T. Re-examining the evidence for the mother tree hypothesis - resource sharing among trees via ectomycorrhizal networks. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023. [PMID: 37149889 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Seminal scientific papers positing that mycorrhizal fungal networks can distribute carbon (C) among plants have stimulated a popular narrative that overstory trees, or 'mother trees', support the growth of seedlings in this way. This narrative has far-reaching implications for our understanding of forest ecology and has been controversial in the scientific community. We review the current understanding of ectomycorrhizal C metabolism and observations on forest regeneration that make the mother tree narrative debatable. We then re-examine data and conclusions from publications that underlie the mother tree hypothesis. Isotopic labeling methods are uniquely suited for studying element fluxes through ecosystems, but the complexity of mycorrhizal symbiosis, low detection limits, and small carbon discrimination in biological processes can cause researchers to make important inferences based on miniscule shifts in isotopic abundance, which can be misleading. We conclude that evidence of a significant net C transfer via common mycorrhizal networks that benefits the recipients is still lacking. Furthermore, a role for fungi as a C pipeline between trees is difficult to reconcile with any adaptive advantages for the fungi. Finally, the hypothesis is neither supported by boreal forest regeneration patterns nor consistent with the understanding of physiological mechanisms controlling mycorrhizal symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Henriksson
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83, Umeå, Sweden
| | - John Marshall
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mona N Högberg
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Peter Högberg
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Andrea Polle
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Oskar Franklin
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83, Umeå, Sweden
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Schlossplatz 1, Laxenburg, A-2361, Austria
| | - Torgny Näsholm
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83, Umeå, Sweden
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80
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Koide RT. On Holobionts, Holospecies, and Holoniches: the Role of Microbial Symbioses in Ecology and Evolution. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2023; 85:1143-1149. [PMID: 35396623 PMCID: PMC10167095 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-022-02005-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
My goal in writing this is to increase awareness of the roles played by microbial symbionts in eukaryote ecology and evolution. Most eukaryotes host one or more species of symbiotic microorganisms, including prokaryotes and fungi. Many of these have profound impacts on the biology of their hosts. For example, microbial symbionts may expand the niches of their hosts, cause rapid adaptation of the host to the environment and re-adaptation to novel conditions via symbiont swapping, facilitate speciation, and fundamentally alter our concept of the species. In some cases, microbial symbionts and multicellular eukaryote hosts have a mutual dependency, which has obvious conservation implications. Hopefully, this contribution will stimulate a reevaluation of important ecological and evolutionary concepts including niche, adaptation, the species, speciation, and conservation of multicellular eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger T Koide
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA.
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81
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Kelly JR, Clarke G, Harkin A, Corr SC, Galvin S, Pradeep V, Cryan JF, O'Keane V, Dinan TG. Seeking the Psilocybiome: Psychedelics meet the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Int J Clin Health Psychol 2023; 23:100349. [PMID: 36605409 PMCID: PMC9791138 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2022.100349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Moving towards a systems psychiatry paradigm embraces the inherent complex interactions across all levels from micro to macro and necessitates an integrated approach to treatment. Cortical 5-HT2A receptors are key primary targets for the effects of serotonergic psychedelics. However, the therapeutic mechanisms underlying psychedelic therapy are complex and traverse molecular, cellular, and network levels, under the influence of biofeedback signals from the periphery and the environment. At the interface between the individual and the environment, the gut microbiome, via the gut-brain axis, plays an important role in the unconscious parallel processing systems regulating host neurophysiology. While psychedelic and microbial signalling systems operate over different timescales, the microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) axis, as a convergence hub between multiple biofeedback systems may play a role in the preparatory phase, the acute administration phase, and the integration phase of psychedelic therapy. In keeping with an interconnected systems-based approach, this review will discuss the gut microbiome and mycobiome and pathways of the MGB axis, and then explore the potential interaction between psychedelic therapy and the MGB axis and how this might influence mechanism of action and treatment response. Finally, we will discuss the possible implications for a precision medicine-based psychedelic therapy paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R. Kelly
- Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
- Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gerard Clarke
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Science, University College Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Sinead C. Corr
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Microbiology, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stephen Galvin
- Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Vishnu Pradeep
- Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
- Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John F. Cryan
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Science, University College Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Veronica O'Keane
- Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
- Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Ireland
| | - Timothy G. Dinan
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Science, University College Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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82
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Wang L, Zhang L, George TS, Feng G. A core microbiome in the hyphosphere of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi has functional significance in organic phosphorus mineralization. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 238:859-873. [PMID: 36444521 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The mycorrhizal pathway is an important phosphorus (P) uptake pathway for more than two-thirds of land plants. The arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi-associated hyphosphere microbiome has been considered as the second genome of mycorrhizal P uptake pathway and functionality in mobilizing soil organic P (Po). However, whether there is a core microbiome in the hyphosphere and how this is implicated in mining soil Po are less understood. We established on-site field trials located in humid, semiarid, and arid zones and a microcosm experiment in a glasshouse with specific AM fungi and varying soil types to answer the above questions. The hyphosphere microbiome of AM fungi enhanced soil phosphatase activity and promoted Po mineralization in all sites. Although the assemblage of hyphosphere microbiomes identified in three climate zones was mediated by environmental factors, we detected a core set in three sites and the subsequent microcosm experiment. The core members were co-enriched in the hyphosphere and dominated by Alphaproteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Gammaproteobacteria. Moreover, these core bacterial members aggregate into stable guilds that contributed to phosphatase activity. The core hyphosphere microbiome is taxonomically conserved and provides functions, with respect to the mineralization of Po, that AM fungi lack.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letian Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | | | - Gu Feng
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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83
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Mi Y, Bai X, Li X, Zhou M, Liu X, Wang F, Su H, Chen H, Wei Y. Soil Mercury Pollution Changes Soil Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Community Composition. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9040395. [PMID: 37108850 PMCID: PMC10143163 DOI: 10.3390/jof9040395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Remediation of mercury (Hg)-contaminated soil by mycorrhizal technology has drawn increasing attention because of its environmental friendliness. However, the lack of systematic investigations on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) community composition in Hg-polluted soil is an obstacle for AMF biotechnological applications. In this study, the AMF communities within rhizosphere soils from seven sites from three typical Hg mining areas were sequenced using an Illumina MiSeq platform. A total of 297 AMF operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were detected in the Hg mining area, of which Glomeraceae was the dominant family (66.96%, 175 OTUs). AMF diversity was significantly associated with soil total Hg content and water content in the Hg mining area. Soil total Hg showed a negative correlation with AMF richness and diversity. In addition, the soil properties including total nitrogen, available nitrogen, total potassium, total phosphorus, available phosphorus, and pH also affected AMF diversity. Paraglomeraceae was found to be negatively correlated to Hg stress. The wide distribution of Glomeraceae in Hg-contaminated soil makes it a potential candidate for mycorrhizal remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidong Mi
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xue Bai
- Department of Administration Service, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100006, China
| | - Xinru Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Min Zhou
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xuesong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Fanfan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Hailei Su
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Haiyan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Yuan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing 100012, China
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84
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Wen Z, Yang M, Han H, Fazal A, Liao Y, Ren R, Yin T, Qi J, Sun S, Lu G, Hu S, Yang Y. Mycorrhizae Enhance Soybean Plant Growth and Aluminum Stress Tolerance by Shaping the Microbiome Assembly in an Acidic Soil. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0331022. [PMID: 36916950 PMCID: PMC10100836 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03310-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Strongly acidic soils are characterized by high aluminum (Al) toxicity and low phosphorus (P) availability, which suppress legume plant growth and nodule development. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) stimulate rhizobia and enhance plant P uptake. However, it is unclear how this symbiotic soybean-AMF-rhizobial trio promotes soybean growth in acidic soils. We examined the effects of AMF and rhizobium addition on the growth of two soybean genotypes, namely, Al-tolerant and Al-sensitive soybeans as well as their associated bacterial and fungal communities in an acidic soil. With and without rhizobial addition, AMF significantly increased the fresh shoot and root biomass of Al-tolerant soybean by 47%/87% and 37%/24%, respectively. This increase in plant biomass corresponded to the enrichment of four plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in the rhizospheric soil, namely, Chitinophagaceae bacterium 4GSH07, Paraburkholderia soli, Sinomonas atrocyanea, and Aquincola tertiaricarbonis. For Al-sensitive soybean, AMF addition increased the fresh shoot and root biomass by 112%/64% and 30%/217%, respectively, with/without rhizobial addition. Interestingly, this significant increase coincided with a decrease in the pathogenic fungus Nigrospora oryzae as well as an increase in S. atrocyanea, A. tertiaricarbonis, and Talaromyces verruculosus (a P-solubilizing fungus) in the rhizospheric soil. Lastly, the compartment niche along the soil-plant continuum shaped microbiome assembly, with pathogenic/saprotrophic microbes accumulating in the rhizospheric soil and PGPR related to nitrogen fixation or stress resistance (e.g., Rhizobium leguminosarum and Sphingomonas azotifigens) accumulating in the endospheric layer. IMPORTANCE Taken together, this study examined the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and rhizobial combinations on the growth of Al-tolerant and Al-sensitive soybeans as well as their associated microbial communities in acidic soils and concluded that AMF enhances soybean growth and Al stress tolerance by recruiting PGPR and altering the root-associated microbiome assembly in a host-dependent manner. In the future, these findings will help us better understand the impacts of AMF on rhizosphere microbiome assembly and will contribute to the development of soybean breeding techniques for the comprehensive use of PGPR in sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongling Wen
- Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Minkai Yang
- Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongwei Han
- Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Aliya Fazal
- Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yonghui Liao
- Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ran Ren
- Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tongming Yin
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinliang Qi
- Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shucun Sun
- Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guihua Lu
- Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai’an, China
| | - Shuijin Hu
- Department of Entomology & Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Yonghua Yang
- Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
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85
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Can arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and rhizobacteria facilitate 33P uptake in maize plants under water stress? Microbiol Res 2023; 271:127350. [PMID: 36913786 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are able to provide key ecosystem services, protecting plants against biotic and abiotic stresses. Here, we hypothesized that a combination of AMF (Rhizophagus clarus) and PGPR (Bacillus sp.) could enhance 33P uptake in maize plants under soil water stress. A microcosm experiment using mesh exclusion and a radiolabeled phosphorus tracer (33P) was installed using three types of inoculation: i) only AMF, ii) only PGPR, and iii) a consortium of AMF and PGPR, alongside a control treatment without inoculation. For all treatments, a gradient of three water-holding capacities (WHC) was considered i) 30% (severe drought), ii) 50% (moderate drought), and iii) 80% (optimal condition, no water stress). In severe drought conditions, AMF root colonization of dual-inoculated plants was significantly lower compared to individual inoculation of the AMF, whilst 33P uptake by dual-inoculated plants or plants inoculated with bacteria was 2.4-fold greater than the uninoculated treatment. Under moderate drought conditions the use of AMF promoted the highest 33P uptake by plants, increasing it by 2.1-fold, when compared to the uninoculated treatment. Without drought stress, AMF showed the lowest 33P uptake and, overall, plant P acquisition was lower for all inoculation types when compared to the severe and moderate drought treatments. The total shoot P content was modulated by the water-holding capacity and inoculation type, with the lowest values observed under severe drought and the highest values under moderate drought. The highest soil electrical conductivity (EC) values were found under severe drought in AMF-inoculated plants and the lowest EC for no drought in single or dual-inoculated plants. Furthermore, water-holding capacity influenced the total soil bacterial and mycorrhizal abundance over time, with the highest abundances being found under severe and moderate drought. This study demonstrates that the positive influence of microbial inoculation on 33P uptake by plants varied with soil water gradient. Furthermore, under severe stress conditions, AMF invested more in the production of hyphae, vesicles and spore production, indicating a significant carbon drain from the host plant as evidenced by the lack of translation of increased 33P uptake into biomass. Therefore, under severe drought the use of bacteria or dual-inoculation seems to be more effective than individual AMF inoculation in terms of 33P uptake by plants, while under moderate drought, the use of AMF stood out.
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86
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Horsch CCA, Antunes PM, Kallenbach CM. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities with contrasting life-history traits influence host nutrient acquisition. MYCORRHIZA 2023; 33:1-14. [PMID: 36595061 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-022-01098-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Life-history traits differ substantially among arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal families, potentially affecting hyphal nutrient acquisition efficiency, host nutrition, and thereby plant health and ecosystem function. Despite these implications, AM fungal community life-history strategies and community trait diversity effects on host nutrient acquisition are poorly understood. To address this knowledge gap, we grew sudangrass with AM fungal communities representing contrasting life-history traits and diversity: either (1) five species in the AM family Gigasporaceae, representing competitor traits, (2) five Glomerales species, representing ruderal traits, or (3) a mixed-trait community combining all ten AM fungal species. After 12 weeks, we measured above and belowground plant biomass and aboveground nutrient uptake and concentration. Overall, AM fungal colonization increased host nutrition, biomass, and foliar δ5nitrogen enrichment compared to the uncolonized control. Between the single-trait communities, the Glomeraceae community generally outperformed the Gigasporaceae community in host nutrition and plant growth, increasing plant phosphorus (P) uptake 1.5 times more than the Gigasporaceae community. We saw weak evidence for a synergistic effect of the mixed community, which was only higher for plant P concentration (1.26 times higher) and root colonization (1.26 times higher) compared to the single-trait communities. However, this higher P concentration did not translate to more P uptake or the highest plant biomass for the mixed community. These findings demonstrate that the AM symbiosis is affected by community differences at high taxonomic levels and provide insight into how different AM fungal communities and their associated traits affect host nutrition for fast-growing plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlyn C A Horsch
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, H9X3V9, Canada
| | - Pedro M Antunes
- Department of Biology, Algoma University, 1520 Queen Street East, Sault Ste. Marie, ON, Canada
| | - Cynthia M Kallenbach
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, H9X3V9, Canada.
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87
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Beta Diversity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Communities Increases in Time after Crop Establishment of Peruvian Sacha Inchi ( Plukenetia volubilis). J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9020194. [PMID: 36836309 PMCID: PMC9966307 DOI: 10.3390/jof9020194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Beta diversity, i.e., the variance in species compositions across communities, has been pointed out as a main factor for explaining ecosystem functioning. However, few studies have directly tested the effect of crop establishment on beta diversity. We studied beta diversity patterns of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal communities associated to sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis) after crop establishment. (2) Methods: We molecularly characterized the AM fungal communities associated to roots of sacha inchi in plots after different times of crop establishment, from less than one year to older than three. We analyzed the patterns of alpha, beta, and phylogenetic diversity, and the sources of variation of AM fungal community composition. (3) Results: Beta diversity increased in the older plots, but no temporal effect in alpha or phylogenetic diversity was found. The AM fungal community composition was driven by environmental factors (altitude and soil conditions). A part of this variation could be attributed to differences between sampled locations (expressed as geographic coordinates). Crop age, in turn, affected the composition with no interactions with the environmental conditions or spatial location. (4) Conclusions: These results point out towards a certain recovery of the soil microbiota after sacha inchi establishment. This fact could be attributed to the low-impact management associated to this tropical crop.
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88
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Alverdy JC. "It Is Not Necessary to Kill Them in Order to Make Them Relatively Harmless": Molecular Diplomacy in the Pathogen-Host Interaction. Surg Infect (Larchmt) 2023; 24:1-3. [PMID: 36521176 PMCID: PMC9894596 DOI: 10.1089/sur.2022.345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- John C. Alverdy
- University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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89
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Hu J, Vandenkoornhuyse P, Khalfallah F, Causse‐Védrines R, Mony C. Ecological corridors homogenize plant root endospheric mycobiota. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 237:1347-1362. [PMID: 36349407 PMCID: PMC10107361 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ecological corridors promote species coexistence in fragmented habitats where dispersal limits species fluxes. The corridor concept was developed and investigated with macroorganisms in mind, while microorganisms, the invisible majority of biodiversity, were disregarded. We analyzed the effect of corridors on the dynamics of endospheric fungal assemblages associated with plant roots at the scale of 1 m over 2 years (i.e. at five time points) by combining an experimental corridor-mesocosm with high-throughput amplicon sequencing. We showed that plant root endospheric mycobiota were sensitive to corridor effects when the corridors were set up at a small spatial scale. The endospheric mycobiota of connected plants had higher species richness, lower beta-diversity, and more deterministic assembly than the mycobiota of isolated plants. These effects became more pronounced with the development of host plants. Biotic corridors composed of host plants may thus play a key role in the spatial dynamics of microbial communities and may influence microbial diversity and related ecological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Hu
- UMR 6553 EcobioCNRS‐University of RennesAvenue du Général Leclerc35042Rennes CedexFrance
- Ecology and Biodiversity group, Institute of Environmental BiologyUniversity of UtrechtH.R. Kruyt building, Padualaan 83584 CHUtrechtthe Netherlands
- Present address:
Department of Microbial EcologyNetherlands Institute of EcologyDroevendaalsesteeg 106708 PBWageningenthe Netherlands
| | | | - Fadwa Khalfallah
- UMR 6553 EcobioCNRS‐University of RennesAvenue du Général Leclerc35042Rennes CedexFrance
- UMR IAM, INRAEUniversité de LorraineRue d'amance54280ChampenouxFrance
| | - Romain Causse‐Védrines
- UMR 6553 EcobioCNRS‐University of RennesAvenue du Général Leclerc35042Rennes CedexFrance
| | - Cendrine Mony
- UMR 6553 EcobioCNRS‐University of RennesAvenue du Général Leclerc35042Rennes CedexFrance
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90
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Horning AL, Koury SS, Meachum M, Kuehn KA, Hoeksema JD. Dirt cheap: an experimental test of controls on resource exchange in an ectomycorrhizal symbiosis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 237:987-998. [PMID: 36346200 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
To distinguish among hypotheses on the importance of resource-exchange ratios in outcomes of mutualisms, we measured resource (carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P)) transfers and their ratios, between Pinus taeda seedlings and two ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungal species, Rhizopogon roseolus and Pisolithus arhizus in a laboratory experiment. We evaluated how ambient light affected those resource fluxes and ratios over three time periods (10, 20, and 30 wk) and the consequences for plant and fungal biomass accrual, in environmental chambers. Our results suggest that light availability is an important factor driving absolute fluxes of N, P, and C, but not exchange ratios, although its effects vary among EM fungal species. Declines in N : C and P : C exchange ratios over time, as soil nutrient availability likely declined, were consistent with predictions of biological market models. Absolute transfer of P was an important predictor of both plant and fungal biomass, consistent with the excess resource-exchange hypothesis, and N transfer to plants was positively associated with fungal biomass. Altogether, light effects on resource fluxes indicated mixed support for various theoretical frameworks, while results on biomass accrual better supported the excess resource-exchange hypothesis, although among-species variability is in need of further characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber L Horning
- Department of Biology, University of Mississippi, PO Box 1848, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Stephanie S Koury
- School of Biological, Environmental and Earth Sciences, The University of Southern Mississippi, 118 College Drive #5018, Hattiesburg, MS, 39406-0001, USA
| | - Mariah Meachum
- Department of Biology, University of Mississippi, PO Box 1848, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Kevin A Kuehn
- School of Biological, Environmental and Earth Sciences, The University of Southern Mississippi, 118 College Drive #5018, Hattiesburg, MS, 39406-0001, USA
| | - Jason D Hoeksema
- Department of Biology, University of Mississippi, PO Box 1848, University, MS, 38677, USA
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91
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Sun L, Tsujii Y, Xu T, Han M, Li R, Han Y, Gan D, Zhu B. Species of fast bulk-soil nutrient cycling have lower rhizosphere effects: A nutrient spectrum of rhizosphere effects. Ecology 2023; 104:e3981. [PMID: 36695044 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Tree roots not only acquire readily-usable soil nutrients but also affect microbial decomposition and manipulate nutrient availability in their surrounding soils, that is, rhizosphere effects (REs). Thus, REs challenge the basic understanding of how plants adapt to the environment and co-exist with other species. Yet, how REs vary among species in response to species-specific bulk soil nutrient cycling is not well-known. Here, we studied how plant-controlled microbial decomposition activities in rhizosphere soils respond to those in their corresponding bulk soils and whether these relations depend on species-specific nutrient cycling in the bulk soils. We targeted 55 woody species of different clades and mycorrhizal types in three contrasting biomes, namely a temperate forest, a subtropical forest, and a tropical forest. We found that microbial decomposition activities in rhizosphere soils responded linearly to those in their corresponding bulk soils at the species level. Thereafter, we found that REs (parameters in rhizosphere soils minus those in corresponding bulk soils) of microbial decomposition activities had negative linear correlations with microbial decomposition activities in corresponding bulk soils. A multiple factor analysis revealed that soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, and soil water content favored bulk soil decomposition activities in all three biomes, showing that the magnitude of REs varied along a fast-slow nutrient cycling spectrum in bulk soils. The species of fast nutrient cycling in their bulk soils tended to have smaller or even negative REs. Therefore, woody plants commonly utilize both positive and negative REs as a nutrient-acquisition strategy. Based on the trade-offs between REs and other nutrient-acquisition strategies, we proposed a push and pull conceptual model which can bring plant nutrient-acquisition cost and plant carbon economics spectrum together in the future. This model will facilitate not only the carbon and nutrient cycling but also the mechanisms of species co-existence in forest ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Sun
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, and College of Pastoral Agricultural Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuki Tsujii
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tianle Xu
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetic and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Mengguang Han
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Li
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunfeng Han
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Dayong Gan
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Biao Zhu
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
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92
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Zhou J, Kuyper TW, Feng G. A trade-off between space exploration and mobilization of organic phosphorus through associated microbiomes enables niche differentiation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the same root. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2023:10.1007/s11427-022-2261-1. [PMID: 36811801 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-022-2261-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Ecology seeks to explain species coexistence, but experimental tests of mechanisms for coexistence are difficult to conduct. We synthesized an arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal community with three fungal species that differed in their capacity of foraging for orthophosphate (P) due to differences in soil exploration. We tested whether AM fungal species-specific hyphosphere bacterial assemblages recruited by hyphal exudates enabled differentiation among the fungi in the capacity of mobilizing soil organic P (Po). We found that the less efficient space explorer, Gigaspora margarita, obtained less 13C from the plant, whereas it had higher efficiencies in Po mobilization and alkaline phosphatase (AlPase) production per unit C than the two efficient space explorers, Rhizophagusintraradices and Funneliformis mosseae. Each AM fungus was associated with a distinct alp gene harboring bacterial assemblage, and the alp gene abundance and Po preference of the microbiome associated with the less efficient space explorer were higher than those of the two other species. We conclude that the traits of AM fungal associated bacterial consortia cause niche differentiation. The trade-off between foraging ability and the ability to recruit effective Po mobilizing microbiomes is a mechanism that allows co-existence of AM fungal species in a single plant root and surrounding soil habitat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiachao Zhou
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Thomas W Kuyper
- Soil Biology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, 6700 AA, The Netherlands
| | - Gu Feng
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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93
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Liu Z, Fang J, Song B, Yang Y, Yu Z, Hu J, Dong K, Takahashi K, Adams JM. Stochastic processes dominate soil arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal community assembly along an elevation gradient in central Japan. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 855:158941. [PMID: 36152859 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi play an important role in facilitating ecosystem function and stability. Yet, their community response patterns and ecological assembly processes along elevational gradients which cross a range of climates and soil conditions remain elusive. We used Illumina MiSeq sequencing to examine trends in soil AM fungal community along an elevational gradient from 100 m to 2300 m in central Japan. A total of 750 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) affiliated to 12 AM fungal genera were identified from soil samples, and the AM fungal community composition differed strongly with elevation, with variance explained more by climate, followed by soil and plant factors. The AM fungal α-diversity, network connectivity and complexity between AM fungal taxa and also with plant communities all exhibited a maximum at the mid-elevation of 800 m and then declined, principally influenced by soil pH and precipitation. Stochastic processes dominated AM fungal community assembly across the whole elevation gradient, with homogenizing dispersal being the main process. Only when AM fungal communities were contrasted across a relatively broad range of elevations, did variable selection (deterministic process) became significant, and even then in a mixed role with stochasticity. While OTUs of AM fungi are clearly adapted to particular environmental ranges, stochasticity due to rapid dispersal has a major role in determining their occurrence, suggesting that AM fungi may possess generalized and interchangeable niches, and can adjust their distribution rapidly - at least on the scale of a single mountain. This finding emphasizes that the roles of AM fungi in plant ecology may be non-specific and easily substituted, and furthermore that there is rapid local scale dispersal, which may allow plants to maintain effective AM associations under environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Liu
- School of Geography and Oceanography, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Fang
- School of Geography and Oceanography, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bin Song
- School of Geography and Oceanography, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Yang
- School of Geography and Oceanography, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhi Yu
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Junli Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Ke Dong
- Life Science Major, Kyonggi University, Suwon, South Korea.
| | - Koichi Takahashi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan.
| | - Jonathan M Adams
- School of Geography and Oceanography, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
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94
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Dreyer I, Vergara-Valladares F, Mérida-Quesada F, Rubio-Meléndez ME, Hernández-Rojas N, Riedelsberger J, Astola-Mariscal SZ, Heitmüller C, Yanez-Chávez M, Arrey-Salas O, San Martín-Davison A, Navarro-Retamal C, Michard E. The Surprising Dynamics of Electrochemical Coupling at Membrane Sandwiches in Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:204. [PMID: 36616332 PMCID: PMC9824766 DOI: 10.3390/plants12010204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Transport processes across membranes play central roles in any biological system. They are essential for homeostasis, cell nutrition, and signaling. Fluxes across membranes are governed by fundamental thermodynamic rules and are influenced by electrical potentials and concentration gradients. Transmembrane transport processes have been largely studied on single membranes. However, several important cellular or subcellular structures consist of two closely spaced membranes that form a membrane sandwich. Such a dual membrane structure results in remarkable properties for the transport processes that are not present in isolated membranes. At the core of membrane sandwich properties, a small intermembrane volume is responsible for efficient coupling between the transport systems at the two otherwise independent membranes. Here, we present the physicochemical principles of transport coupling at two adjacent membranes and illustrate this concept with three examples. In the supplementary material, we provide animated PowerPoint presentations that visualize the relationships. They could be used for teaching purposes, as has already been completed successfully at the University of Talca.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Dreyer
- Electrical Signaling in Plants (ESP) Laboratory, Centro de Bioinformática, Simulación y Modelado (CBSM), Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Talca, 2 Norte 685, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Fernando Vergara-Valladares
- Doctorado en Ciencias mención Modelado de Sistemas Químicos y Biológicos, Universidad de Talca, 2 Norte 685, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Franko Mérida-Quesada
- Doctorado en Ciencias mención Modelado de Sistemas Químicos y Biológicos, Universidad de Talca, 2 Norte 685, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - María Eugenia Rubio-Meléndez
- Electrical Signaling in Plants (ESP) Laboratory, Centro de Bioinformática, Simulación y Modelado (CBSM), Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Talca, 2 Norte 685, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Naomí Hernández-Rojas
- Electrical Signaling in Plants (ESP) Laboratory, Centro de Bioinformática, Simulación y Modelado (CBSM), Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Talca, 2 Norte 685, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Janin Riedelsberger
- Electrical Signaling in Plants (ESP) Laboratory, Centro de Bioinformática, Simulación y Modelado (CBSM), Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Talca, 2 Norte 685, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Sadith Zobeida Astola-Mariscal
- Electrical Signaling in Plants (ESP) Laboratory, Centro de Bioinformática, Simulación y Modelado (CBSM), Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Talca, 2 Norte 685, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Charlotte Heitmüller
- Electrical Signaling in Plants (ESP) Laboratory, Centro de Bioinformática, Simulación y Modelado (CBSM), Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Talca, 2 Norte 685, Talca 3460000, Chile
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Genetics, Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30419 Hannover, Germany
| | - Mónica Yanez-Chávez
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Campus Talca, Avenida Lircay, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Oscar Arrey-Salas
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Campus Talca, Avenida Lircay, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Alex San Martín-Davison
- Instituto de Investigación Interdisciplinaria, Universidad de Talca, 2 Norte 685, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Carlos Navarro-Retamal
- Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742–5815, USA
| | - Erwan Michard
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Campus Talca, Avenida Lircay, Talca 3460000, Chile
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95
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Arnault G, Mony C, Vandenkoornhuyse P. Plant microbiota dysbiosis and the Anna Karenina Principle. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 28:18-30. [PMID: 36127241 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2022.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microorganisms are associated with all plants, recently leading to the hologenome concept. We reviewed the assembly processes of plant microbiota and analyzed its structure during the emergence of dysbioses. In particular, we discussed the Anna Karenina Principle (AKP) based on Leo Tolstoy's assertion applied to plant microbiota: 'All healthy microbiota are alike; each disease-associated microbiota is sick in its own way.' We propose the AKP to explain how stochastic processes in plant microbiota assembly due to several external stressors could lead to plant diseases. Finally, we propose the AKP to conceptualize plant dysbioses as a transitory loss of host capacity to regulate its microbiota, implying a loss of function that leads to a reduction of the host's fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gontran Arnault
- Université de Rennes 1, CNRS, UMR6553 ECOBIO, Campus Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - Cendrine Mony
- Université de Rennes 1, CNRS, UMR6553 ECOBIO, Campus Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes, France
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96
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Alsherif EA, Almaghrabi O, Elazzazy AM, Abdel-Mawgoud M, Beemster GTS, AbdElgawad H. Carbon nanoparticles improve the effect of compost and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in drought-stressed corn cultivation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 194:29-40. [PMID: 36371897 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Drought is an important threat worldwide, therefore, it is vital to create workable solutions to mitigate the negative effects of drought stress. To this end, we investigated the interactive effect of compost (Comp), arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) on maize plant crops under drought stress. The combined treatments were more effective at increasing soil fertility and promoting the growth of maize plants under both control and drought stress conditions by 20.1% and 39.4%, respectively. The interactions between treatments, especially the effects of Comp-AMF-CNPs mixture, reduce the activity of photorespiration induced H2O2 production that consequently reduces drought-related oxidative damages (lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation). Plants treated with Comp-AMF or Comp-AMF-CNPs showed an increase in their antioxidant defense system. Comp-AMF-CNPs increased enzyme activities by 50.3%, 30.1%, and 71% for ascorbate peroxidase (APX), dehydro-ASC reductase (DHAR), and monodehydro-ASC reductase (MDHAR), respectively. Comp-AMF-CNPs also induced the highest increase in anthocyanins (69.5%) compared to the control treatment. This increase was explained by increased anthocyanin percussor, by 37% and 13% under control and drought, respectively. While the increases in biosynthetic key enzymes, phenylalanine aminolayse (PAL) and chalcone synthase (CHS) were 77% and 5% under control and 69% and 89% under drought, respectively. This work advanced our understanding on how Comp-AMF-CNPs improve growth, physiology, and biochemistry of maize plants under drought stress conditions. Overall, this study suggests the effectiveness of Comp-AMF-CNPs as a promising approach to enhance the growth of maize plants in dry areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad A Alsherif
- Biology Department, College of Science and Arts at Khulis, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt.
| | - Omar Almaghrabi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M Elazzazy
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Dept, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abdel-Mawgoud
- National Natural Products Research Center, College of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, USA; Department of Medicinal Plants and Natural Products, Desert Research Center, Egypt
| | - Gerrit T S Beemster
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2000, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Hamada AbdElgawad
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt; Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2000, Antwerp, Belgium.
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97
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Duan S, Declerck S, Feng G, Zhang L. Hyphosphere interactions between Rhizophagus irregularis and Rahnella aquatilis promote carbon-phosphorus exchange at the peri-arbuscular space in Medicago truncatula. Environ Microbiol 2023; 25:867-879. [PMID: 36588345 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi form a continuum between roots and soil. One end of this continuum is comprised of the highly intimate plant-fungus interface with intracellular organelles for nutrient exchange, while on the other end the fungus interacts with bacteria to compensate for the AM fungus' inability to take up organic nutrients from soil. How both interfaces communicate in this highly complex tripartite mutualism is widely unknown. Here, the effects of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) Rahnella aquatilis dwelling at the surface of the extraradical hyphae of Rhizophagus irregularis was analysed based on the expression of genes involved in C-P exchange at the peri-arbuscular space (PAS) in Medicago truncatula. The interaction between AM fungus and PSB resulted in an increase in uptake and transport of Pi along the extraradical hyphae and its transfer from AM fungus to plant. In return, this was remunerated by a transfer of C from plant to AM fungus, improving the C-P exchange at the PAS. These results demonstrated that a microorganism (i.e., a PSB) developing at the hyphosphere interface can affect the C-P exchange at the PAS between plant and AM fungus, suggesting a fine-tuned communication operated between three organisms via two distantly connected interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilong Duan
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,National Observation and Research Station of Agriculture Green Development (Quzhou, Hebei), China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Stéphane Declerck
- Université catholique de Louvain, Earth and Life Institute, Applied Microbiology, Mycology, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Gu Feng
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,National Observation and Research Station of Agriculture Green Development (Quzhou, Hebei), China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,National Observation and Research Station of Agriculture Green Development (Quzhou, Hebei), China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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98
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Wu H, Yang J, Fu W, Rillig MC, Cao Z, Zhao A, Hao Z, Zhang X, Chen B, Han X. Identifying thresholds of nitrogen enrichment for substantial shifts in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal community metrics in a temperate grassland of northern China. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 237:279-294. [PMID: 36177721 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) enrichment poses threats to biodiversity and ecosystem stability, while arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi play important roles in ecosystem stability and functioning. However, the ecological impacts, especially thresholds of N enrichment potentially causing AM fungal community shifts have not been adequately characterized. Based on a long-term field experiment with nine N addition levels ranging from 0 to 50 g N m-2 yr-1 in a temperate grassland, we characterized the community response patterns of AM fungi to N enrichment. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal biomass continuously decreased with increasing N addition levels. However, AM fungal diversity did not significantly change below 20 g N m-2 yr-1 , but dramatically decreased at higher N levels, which drove the AM fungal community to a potentially unstable state. Structural equation modeling showed that the decline in AM fungal biomass could be well explained by soil acidification, whereas key driving factors for AM fungal diversity shifted from soil nitrogen : phosphorus (N : P) ratio to soil pH with increasing N levels. Different aspects of AM fungal communities (biomass, diversity and community composition) respond differently to increasing N addition levels. Thresholds for substantial community shifts in response to N enrichment in this grassland ecosystem are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Junjie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Wei Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Matthias C Rillig
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, 14195, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Zhenjiao Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Aihua Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Zhipeng Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Baodong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xingguo Han
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
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99
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Quintero E, Rodríguez-Sánchez F, Jordano P. Reciprocity and interaction effectiveness in generalised mutualisms among free-living species. Ecol Lett 2023; 26:132-146. [PMID: 36450595 PMCID: PMC10099531 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Mutualistic interactions among free-living species generally involve low-frequency interactions and highly asymmetric dependence among partners, yet our understanding of factors behind their emergence is still limited. Using individual-based interactions of a super-generalist fleshy-fruited plant with its frugivore assemblage, we estimated the Resource Provisioning Effectiveness (RPE) and Seed Dispersal Effectiveness (SDE) to assess the balance in the exchange of resources. Plants were highly dependent on a few frugivore species, while frugivores interacted with most individual plants, resulting in strong asymmetries of mutual dependence. Interaction effectiveness was mainly driven by interaction frequency. Despite highly asymmetric dependences, the strong reliance on quantity of fruit consumed determined high reciprocity in rewards between partners (i.e. higher energy provided by the plant, more seedlings recruited), which was not obscured by minor variations in the quality of animal or plant service. We anticipate reciprocity will emerge in low-intimacy mutualisms where the mutualistic outcome largely relies upon interaction frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Quintero
- Integrative Ecology Group, Estación Biológica de Doñana, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Francisco Rodríguez-Sánchez
- Integrative Ecology Group, Estación Biológica de Doñana, Sevilla, Spain.,Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Pedro Jordano
- Integrative Ecology Group, Estación Biológica de Doñana, Sevilla, Spain.,Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
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100
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Zhang H, Churchill AC, Anderson IC, Igwenagu C, Power SA, Plett JM, Macdonald CA, Pendall E, Carrillo Y, Powell JR. Ecological stoichiometry and fungal community turnover reveal variation among mycorrhizal partners in their responses to warming and drought. Mol Ecol 2023; 32:229-243. [PMID: 34779067 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Symbiotic fungi mediate important energy and nutrient transfers in terrestrial ecosystems. Environmental change can lead to shifts in communities of symbiotic fungi, but the consequences of these shifts for nutrient dynamics among symbiotic partners are poorly understood. Here, we assessed variation in carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in tissues of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and a host plant (Medicago sativa) in response to experimental warming and drought. We linked compositional shifts in AM fungal communities in roots and soil to variation in hyphal chemistry by using high-throughput DNA sequencing and joint species distribution modelling. Compared to plants, AM hyphae was 43% lower in (C) and 24% lower in (N) but more than nine times higher in (P), with significantly lower C:N, C:P and N:P ratios. Warming and drought resulted in increases in (P) and reduced C:P and N:P ratios in all tissues, indicating fungal P accumulation was exacerbated by climate-associated stress. Warming and drought modified the composition of AM fungal communities, and many of the AM fungal genera that were linked to shifts in mycelial chemistry were also negatively impacted by climate variation. Our study offers a unified framework to link climate change, fungal community composition, and community-level functional traits. Thus, our study provides insight into how environmental change can alter ecosystem functions via the promotion or reduction of fungal taxa with different stoichiometric characteristics and responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Zhang
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Amber C Churchill
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ian C Anderson
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Chioma Igwenagu
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sally A Power
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jonathan M Plett
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Catriona A Macdonald
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Elise Pendall
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yolima Carrillo
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jeff R Powell
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
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