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Bucher EA, Collins JM, King AE, Vickers JC, Kirkcaldie MTK. Coherence and cognition in the cortex: the fundamental role of parvalbumin, myelin, and the perineuronal net. Brain Struct Funct 2021; 226:2041-2055. [PMID: 34175994 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-021-02327-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The calcium binding protein parvalbumin is expressed in interneurons of two main morphologies, the basket and chandelier cells, which target perisomatic domains on principal cells and are extensively interconnected in laminar networks by synapses and gap junctions. Beyond its utility as a convenient cellular marker, parvalbumin is an unambiguous identifier of the key role that these interneurons play in the fundamental functions of the cortex. They provide a temporal framework for principal cell activity by propagating gamma oscillation, providing coherence for cortical information processing and the basis for timing-dependent plasticity processes. As these parvalbumin networks mature, they are physically and functionally stabilised by axonal myelination and development of the extracellular matrix structure termed the perineuronal net. This maturation correlates with the emergence of high-speed, highly energetic activity and provides a coherent foundation for the unique ability of the cortex to cross-correlate activity across sensory modes and internal representations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellie A Bucher
- Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 143, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia
| | - Jessica M Collins
- Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 143, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia
| | - Anna E King
- Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 143, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia
| | - James C Vickers
- Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 143, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia
| | - Matthew T K Kirkcaldie
- Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 143, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia.
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Benavides-Piccione R, Regalado-Reyes M, Fernaud-Espinosa I, Kastanauskaite A, Tapia-González S, León-Espinosa G, Rojo C, Insausti R, Segev I, DeFelipe J. Differential Structure of Hippocampal CA1 Pyramidal Neurons in the Human and Mouse. Cereb Cortex 2021; 30:730-752. [PMID: 31268532 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyramidal neurons are the most common cell type and are considered the main output neuron in most mammalian forebrain structures. In terms of function, differences in the structure of the dendrites of these neurons appear to be crucial in determining how neurons integrate information. To further shed light on the structure of the human pyramidal neurons we investigated the geometry of pyramidal cells in the human and mouse CA1 region-one of the most evolutionary conserved archicortical regions, which is critically involved in the formation, consolidation, and retrieval of memory. We aimed to assess to what extent neurons corresponding to a homologous region in different species have parallel morphologies. Over 100 intracellularly injected and 3D-reconstructed cells across both species revealed that dendritic and axonal morphologies of human cells are not only larger but also have structural differences, when compared to mouse. The results show that human CA1 pyramidal cells are not a stretched version of mouse CA1 cells. These results indicate that there are some morphological parameters of the pyramidal cells that are conserved, whereas others are species-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Benavides-Piccione
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid 28002, Spain.,Laboratorio Cajal de Circuitos Corticales, Centro de Tecnología Biomédica, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid 28223, Spain
| | - Mamen Regalado-Reyes
- Laboratorio Cajal de Circuitos Corticales, Centro de Tecnología Biomédica, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid 28223, Spain
| | - Isabel Fernaud-Espinosa
- Laboratorio Cajal de Circuitos Corticales, Centro de Tecnología Biomédica, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid 28223, Spain
| | - Asta Kastanauskaite
- Laboratorio Cajal de Circuitos Corticales, Centro de Tecnología Biomédica, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid 28223, Spain
| | - Silvia Tapia-González
- Laboratorio Cajal de Circuitos Corticales, Centro de Tecnología Biomédica, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid 28223, Spain
| | - Gonzalo León-Espinosa
- Laboratorio Cajal de Circuitos Corticales, Centro de Tecnología Biomédica, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid 28223, Spain.,Departamento de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo Centro de Estudios Universitarios (CEU), Madrid 28925, Spain
| | - Concepcion Rojo
- Sección Departamental de Anatomía y Embriología (veterinaria). Facultad de Veterinaria. Universidad Complutense de Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Ricardo Insausti
- Laboratorio de Neuroanatomía Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete 02008, Spain
| | - Idan Segev
- Department of Neurobiology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190501, Israel.,Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190501, Israel
| | - Javier DeFelipe
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid 28002, Spain.,Laboratorio Cajal de Circuitos Corticales, Centro de Tecnología Biomédica, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid 28223, Spain
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Lee J, Avramets D, Jeon B, Choo H. Modulation of Serotonin Receptors in Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Focus on 5-HT7 Receptor. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113348. [PMID: 34199418 PMCID: PMC8199608 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Since neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) influence more than 3% of children worldwide, there has been intense investigation to understand the etiology of disorders and develop treatments. Although there are drugs such as aripiprazole, risperidone, and lurasidone, these medications are not cures for the disorders and can only help people feel better or alleviate their symptoms. Thus, it is required to discover therapeutic targets in order to find the ultimate treatments of neurodevelopmental disorders. It is suggested that abnormal neuronal morphology in the neurodevelopment process is a main cause of NDDs, in which the serotonergic system is emerging as playing a crucial role. From this point of view, we noticed the correlation between serotonin receptor subtype 7 (5-HT7R) and NDDs including autism spectrum disorder (ASD), fragile X syndrome (FXS), and Rett syndrome (RTT). 5-HT7R modulators improved altered behaviors in animal models and also affected neuronal morphology via the 5-HT7R/G12 signaling pathway. Through the investigation of recent studies, it is suggested that 5-HT7R could be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieon Lee
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Korea; (J.L.); (D.A.)
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Diana Avramets
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Korea; (J.L.); (D.A.)
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Byungsun Jeon
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Korea; (J.L.); (D.A.)
- Correspondence: (B.J.); (H.C.); Tel.: +82-2-958-5191 (B.J.); +82-2-958-5157 (H.C.)
| | - Hyunah Choo
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Korea; (J.L.); (D.A.)
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
- Correspondence: (B.J.); (H.C.); Tel.: +82-2-958-5191 (B.J.); +82-2-958-5157 (H.C.)
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Zeldenrust F, Gutkin B, Denéve S. Efficient and robust coding in heterogeneous recurrent networks. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1008673. [PMID: 33930016 PMCID: PMC8115785 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cortical networks show a large heterogeneity of neuronal properties. However, traditional coding models have focused on homogeneous populations of excitatory and inhibitory neurons. Here, we analytically derive a class of recurrent networks of spiking neurons that close to optimally track a continuously varying input online, based on two assumptions: 1) every spike is decoded linearly and 2) the network aims to reduce the mean-squared error between the input and the estimate. From this we derive a class of predictive coding networks, that unifies encoding and decoding and in which we can investigate the difference between homogeneous networks and heterogeneous networks, in which each neurons represents different features and has different spike-generating properties. We find that in this framework, 'type 1' and 'type 2' neurons arise naturally and networks consisting of a heterogeneous population of different neuron types are both more efficient and more robust against correlated noise. We make two experimental predictions: 1) we predict that integrators show strong correlations with other integrators and resonators are correlated with resonators, whereas the correlations are much weaker between neurons with different coding properties and 2) that 'type 2' neurons are more coherent with the overall network activity than 'type 1' neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fleur Zeldenrust
- Department of Neurophysiology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Boris Gutkin
- Group for Neural Theory, INSERM U960, Département d’Études Cognitives, École Normal Supérieure PSL University, Paris, France
- Center for Cognition and Decision Making, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sophie Denéve
- Group for Neural Theory, INSERM U960, Département d’Études Cognitives, École Normal Supérieure PSL University, Paris, France
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Li Z, You M, Che X, Dai Y, Xu Y, Wang Y. Perinatal exposure to BDE-47 exacerbated autistic-like behaviors and impairments of dendritic development in a valproic acid-induced rat model of autism. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 212:112000. [PMID: 33550075 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Perinatal exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) may be a potential risk factor for autism spectrum disorders (ASD). BDE-47 is one of the most common PBDEs and poses serious health hazards on the central nervous system (CNS). However, effects of perinatal exposure to BDE-47 on social behaviors and the potential mechanisms are largely unexplored. Thus, we aimed to investigate whether BDE-47 exposure during gestation and lactation led to autistic-like behaviors in offspring rats in the present study. Valproic acid (VPA), which is widely used to establish animal model of ASD, was also adopted to induce autistic-like behaviors. A battery of tests was conducted to evaluate social and repetitive behaviors in offspring rats. We found that perinatal exposure to BDE-47 caused mild autistic-like behaviors in offspring, which were similar but less severe to those observed in pups maternally exposed to VPA. Moreover, perinatal exposure to BDE-47 aggravated the autistic-like behaviors in pups maternally exposed to VPA. Abnormal dendritic development is known to be deeply associated with autistic-like behaviors. Golgi-Cox staining was used to observe the morphological characteristics of dendrites in the prefrontal cortex of pups. We found perinatal exposure to BDE-47 reduced dendritic length and complexity of branching pattern, and spine density in the offspring prefrontal cortex, which may contribute to autistic-like behaviors observed in the present study. Perinatal exposure to BDE-47 also exacerbated the impairments of dendritic development in pups maternally exposed to VPA. Besides, our study also provided the evidence that the inhibition of BDNF-CREB signaling, a key regulator of dendritic development, may be involved in the dendritic impairments induced by perinatal exposure to BDE-47 and/or VPA, and the consequent autistic-like behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingdan You
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Che
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufeng Dai
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Xu
- Program of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
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Schuman B, Dellal S, Prönneke A, Machold R, Rudy B. Neocortical Layer 1: An Elegant Solution to Top-Down and Bottom-Up Integration. Annu Rev Neurosci 2021; 44:221-252. [PMID: 33730511 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-neuro-100520-012117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Many of our daily activities, such as riding a bike to work or reading a book in a noisy cafe, and highly skilled activities, such as a professional playing a tennis match or a violin concerto, depend upon the ability of the brain to quickly make moment-to-moment adjustments to our behavior in response to the results of our actions. Particularly, they depend upon the ability of the neocortex to integrate the information provided by the sensory organs (bottom-up information) with internally generated signals such as expectations or attentional signals (top-down information). This integration occurs in pyramidal cells (PCs) and their long apical dendrite, which branches extensively into a dendritic tuft in layer 1 (L1). The outermost layer of the neocortex, L1 is highly conserved across cortical areas and species. Importantly, L1 is the predominant input layer for top-down information, relayed by a rich, dense mesh of long-range projections that provide signals to the tuft branches of the PCs. Here, we discuss recent progress in our understanding of the composition of L1 and review evidence that L1 processing contributes to functions such as sensory perception, cross-modal integration, controlling states of consciousness, attention, and learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Schuman
- Neuroscience Institute, Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA;
| | - Shlomo Dellal
- Neuroscience Institute, Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA;
| | - Alvar Prönneke
- Neuroscience Institute, Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA;
| | - Robert Machold
- Neuroscience Institute, Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA;
| | - Bernardo Rudy
- Neuroscience Institute, Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; .,Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Care and Pain Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
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57
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Garcia L, Sanchez G, Vazquez E, Avalos G, Anides E, Nakano M, Sanchez G, Perez H. Small universal spiking neural P systems with dendritic/axonal delays and dendritic trunk/feedback. Neural Netw 2021; 138:126-139. [PMID: 33639581 DOI: 10.1016/j.neunet.2021.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In spiking neural P (SN P) systems, neurons are interconnected by means of synapses, and they use spikes to communicate with each other. However, in biology, the complex structure of dendritic tree is also an important part in the communication scheme between neurons since these structures are linked to advanced neural process such as learning and memory formation. In this work, we present a new variant of the SN P systems inspired by diverse dendrite and axon phenomena such as dendritic feedback, dendritic trunk, dendritic delays and axonal delays, respectively. This new variant is referred to as a spiking neural P system with dendritic and axonal computation (DACSN P system). Specifically, we include experimentally proven biological features in the current SN P systems to reduce the computational complexity of the soma by providing it with stable firing patterns through dendritic delays, dendritic feedback and axonal delays. As a consequence, the proposed DACSN P systems use the minimum number of synapses and neurons with simple and homogeneous standard spiking rules. Here, we study the computational capabilities of a DACSN P system. In particular, we prove that DACSN P systems with dendritic and axonal behavior are universal as both number-accepting/generating devices. In addition, we constructed a small universal SN P system using 39 neurons with standard spiking rules to compute any Turing computable function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Garcia
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional ESIME Culhuacan, Av. Santana 1000, Coyoacan, 04260, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Giovanny Sanchez
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional ESIME Culhuacan, Av. Santana 1000, Coyoacan, 04260, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Eduardo Vazquez
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional ESIME Culhuacan, Av. Santana 1000, Coyoacan, 04260, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Avalos
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional ESIME Culhuacan, Av. Santana 1000, Coyoacan, 04260, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Esteban Anides
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional ESIME Culhuacan, Av. Santana 1000, Coyoacan, 04260, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Mariko Nakano
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional ESIME Culhuacan, Av. Santana 1000, Coyoacan, 04260, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Gabriel Sanchez
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional ESIME Culhuacan, Av. Santana 1000, Coyoacan, 04260, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Hector Perez
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional ESIME Culhuacan, Av. Santana 1000, Coyoacan, 04260, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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Mihaljević B, Larrañaga P, Bielza C. Comparing the Electrophysiology and Morphology of Human and Mouse Layer 2/3 Pyramidal Neurons With Bayesian Networks. Front Neuroinform 2021; 15:580873. [PMID: 33679362 PMCID: PMC7930221 DOI: 10.3389/fninf.2021.580873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyramidal neurons are the most common neurons in the cerebral cortex. Understanding how they differ between species is a key challenge in neuroscience. We compared human temporal cortex and mouse visual cortex pyramidal neurons from the Allen Cell Types Database in terms of their electrophysiology and dendritic morphology. We found that, among other differences, human pyramidal neurons had a higher action potential threshold voltage, a lower input resistance, and larger dendritic arbors. We learned Gaussian Bayesian networks from the data in order to identify correlations and conditional independencies between the variables and compare them between the species. We found strong correlations between electrophysiological and morphological variables in both species. In human cells, electrophysiological variables were correlated even with morphological variables that are not directly related to dendritic arbor size or diameter, such as mean bifurcation angle and mean branch tortuosity. Cortical depth was correlated with both electrophysiological and morphological variables in both species, and its effect on electrophysiology could not be explained in terms of the morphological variables. For some variables, the effect of cortical depth was opposite in the two species. Overall, the correlations among the variables differed strikingly between human and mouse neurons. Besides identifying correlations and conditional independencies, the learned Bayesian networks might be useful for probabilistic reasoning regarding the morphology and electrophysiology of pyramidal neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojan Mihaljević
- Computational Intelligence Group, Departamento de Inteligencia Artificial, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Boadilla del Monte, Spain
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Sun C, Fu J, Qu Z, Jia L, Li D, Zhen J, Wang W. Chronic Intermittent Hypobaric Hypoxia Restores Hippocampus Function and Rescues Cognitive Impairments in Chronic Epileptic Rats via Wnt/β-catenin Signaling. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 13:617143. [PMID: 33584201 PMCID: PMC7874094 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.617143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a complex neurological disorder with frequent psychiatric, cognitive, and social comorbidities in addition to recurrent seizures. Cognitive impairment, one of the most common comorbidities, has severe adverse effects on quality of life. Chronic intermittent hypobaric hypoxia (CIHH) has demonstrated neuroprotective efficacy in several neurological disease models. In the present study, we examined the effects of CIHH on cognition and hippocampal function in chronic epileptic rats. CIHH treatment rescued deficits in spatial and object memory, hippocampal neurogenesis, and synaptic plasticity in pilocarpine-treated epileptic rats. The Wnt/β-catenin pathway has been implicated in neural stem cell proliferation and synapse development, and Wnt/β-catenin pathway inhibition effectively blocked the neurogenic effects of CIHH. Our findings indicate that CIHH rescues cognitive deficits in epileptic rats via Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation. This study establishes CIHH and Wnt/β-catenin pathway regulators as potential treatments for epilepsy- induced cognitive impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Sun
- Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Department of Neurology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Fu
- Department of Emergency Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhenzhen Qu
- Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lijing Jia
- Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Dongxiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Junli Zhen
- Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Weiping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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Perng V, Li C, Klocke CR, Navazesh SE, Pinneles DK, Lein PJ, Ji P. Iron Deficiency and Iron Excess Differently Affect Dendritic Architecture of Pyramidal Neurons in the Hippocampus of Piglets. J Nutr 2021; 151:235-244. [PMID: 33245133 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both iron deficiency and overload may adversely affect neurodevelopment. OBJECTIVES The study assessed how changes in early-life iron status affect iron homeostasis and cytoarchitecture of hippocampal neurons in a piglet model. METHODS On postnatal day (PD) 1, 30 Hampshire × Yorkshire crossbreed piglets (n = 15/sex) were stratified by sex and litter and randomly assigned to experimental groups receiving low (L-Fe), adequate (A-Fe), or high (H-Fe) levels of iron supplement during the pre- (PD1-21) and postweaning periods (PD22-35). Pigs in the L-Fe, A-Fe, and H-Fe groups orally received 0, 1, and 30 mg Fe · kg weight-1 · d-1 preweaning and were fed a diet containing 30, 125, and 1000 mg Fe/kg postweaning, respectively. Heme indexes were analyzed weekly, and gene and protein expressions of iron regulatory proteins in duodenal mucosa, liver, and hippocampus were analyzed through qRT-PCR and western blot, respectively, on PD35. Hippocampal neurons stained using the Golgi-Cox method were traced and their dendritic arbors reconstructed in 3-D using Neurolucida. Dendritic complexity was quantified using Sholl and branch order analyses. RESULTS Pigs in the L-Fe group developed iron deficiency anemia (hemoglobin = 8.2 g/dL, hematocrit = 20.1%) on PD35 and became stunted during week 5 with lower final body weight than H-Fe group pigs (6.6 compared with 9.6 kg, P < 0.05). In comparison with A-Fe, H-Fe increased hippocampal ferritin expression by 38% and L-Fe decreased its expression by 52% (P < 0.05), suggesting altered hippocampal iron stores. Pigs in the H-Fe group had greater dendritic complexity in CA1/3 pyramidal neurons than L-Fe group pigs as shown by more dendritic intersections with Sholl rings (P ≤ 0.04) and a greater number of dendrites (P ≤ 0.016). CONCLUSIONS In piglets, the developing hippocampus is susceptible to perturbations by dietary iron, with deficiency and overload differentially affecting dendritic arborization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Perng
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Chong Li
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Carolyn R Klocke
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Shya E Navazesh
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Danna K Pinneles
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Pamela J Lein
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Peng Ji
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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Early life sleep disruption alters glutamate and dendritic spines in prefrontal cortex and impairs cognitive flexibility in prairie voles. CURRENT RESEARCH IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2021; 2. [PMID: 35505895 PMCID: PMC9060254 DOI: 10.1016/j.crneur.2021.100020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Early life experiences are crucial for proper organization of excitatory synapses within the brain, with outsized effects on late-maturing, experience-dependent regions such as the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Previous work in our lab showed that early life sleep disruption (ELSD) from postnatal days 14–21 in the highly social prairie vole results in long lasting impairments in social behavior. Here, we further hypothesized that ELSD alters glutamatergic synapses in mPFC, thereby affecting cognitive flexibility, an mPFC-dependent behavior. ELSD caused impaired cued fear extinction (indicating cognitive inflexibility), increased dendritic spine density, and decreased glutamate immunogold-labeling in vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (vGLUT1)-labeled presynaptic nerve terminals within mPFC. Our results have profound implications for neurodevelopmental disorders in humans such as autism spectrum disorder that also show poor sleep, impaired social behavior, cognitive inflexibility, as well as altered dendritic spine density and glutamate changes in mPFC, and imply that poor sleep may cause these changes. Early Life Sleep Disruption impairs prefrontal cortex-dependent glutamate and behavior in prairie voles. Sleep during postnatal week 3 is important for social and cognitive development. Long-term effects of early life sleep disruption include increased dendritic spine density and alterations in glutamate.
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Leonard CE, Baydyuk M, Stepler MA, Burton DA, Donoghue MJ. EphA7 isoforms differentially regulate cortical dendrite development. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231561. [PMID: 33275600 PMCID: PMC7717530 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The shape of a neuron facilitates its functionality within neural circuits. Dendrites integrate incoming signals from axons, receiving excitatory input onto small protrusions called dendritic spines. Therefore, understanding dendritic growth and development is fundamental for discerning neural function. We previously demonstrated that EphA7 receptor signaling during cortical development impacts dendrites in two ways: EphA7 restricts dendritic growth early and promotes dendritic spine formation later. Here, the molecular basis for this shift in EphA7 function is defined. Expression analyses reveal that EphA7 full-length (EphA7-FL) and truncated (EphA7-T1; lacking kinase domain) isoforms are dynamically expressed in the developing cortex. Peak expression of EphA7-FL overlaps with dendritic elaboration around birth, while highest expression of EphA7-T1 coincides with dendritic spine formation in early postnatal life. Overexpression studies in cultured neurons demonstrate that EphA7-FL inhibits both dendritic growth and spine formation, while EphA7-T1 increases spine density. Furthermore, signaling downstream of EphA7 shifts during development, such that in vivo inhibition of mTOR by rapamycin in EphA7-mutant neurons ameliorates dendritic branching, but not dendritic spine phenotypes. Finally, direct interaction between EphA7-FL and EphA7-T1 is demonstrated in cultured cells, which results in reduction of EphA7-FL phosphorylation. In cortex, both isoforms are colocalized to synaptic fractions and both transcripts are expressed together within individual neurons, supporting a model where EphA7-T1 modulates EphA7-FL repulsive signaling during development. Thus, the divergent functions of EphA7 during cortical dendrite development are explained by the presence of two variants of the receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie E. Leonard
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Maryna Baydyuk
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Marissa A. Stepler
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Denver A. Burton
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Maria J. Donoghue
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States of America
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63
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Sulistomo HW, Nemoto T, Kage Y, Fujii H, Uchida T, Takamiya K, Sumimoto H, Kataoka H, Bito H, Takeya R. Fhod3 Controls the Dendritic Spine Morphology of Specific Subpopulations of Pyramidal Neurons in the Mouse Cerebral Cortex. Cereb Cortex 2020; 31:2205-2219. [PMID: 33251537 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Changes in the shape and size of the dendritic spines are critical for synaptic transmission. These morphological changes depend on dynamic assembly of the actin cytoskeleton and occur differently in various types of neurons. However, how the actin dynamics are regulated in a neuronal cell type-specific manner remains largely unknown. We show that Fhod3, a member of the formin family proteins that mediate F-actin assembly, controls the dendritic spine morphogenesis of specific subpopulations of cerebrocortical pyramidal neurons. Fhod3 is expressed specifically in excitatory pyramidal neurons within layers II/III and V of restricted areas of the mouse cerebral cortex. Immunohistochemical and biochemical analyses revealed the accumulation of Fhod3 in postsynaptic spines. Although targeted deletion of Fhod3 in the brain did not lead to any defects in the gross or histological appearance of the brain, the dendritic spines in pyramidal neurons within presumptive Fhod3-positive areas were morphologically abnormal. In primary cultures prepared from the Fhod3-depleted cortex, defects in spine morphology were only detected in Fhod3 promoter-active cells, a small population of pyramidal neurons, and not in Fhod3 promoter-negative pyramidal neurons. Thus, Fhod3 plays a crucial role in dendritic spine morphogenesis only in a specific population of pyramidal neurons in a cell type-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikmawan Wahyu Sulistomo
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nemoto
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Yohko Kage
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Hajime Fujii
- Department of Neurochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Taku Uchida
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Kogo Takamiya
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Hideki Sumimoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kataoka
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Bito
- Department of Neurochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Ryu Takeya
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
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64
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Kirch C, Gollo LL. Spatially resolved dendritic integration: towards a functional classification of neurons. PeerJ 2020; 8:e10250. [PMID: 33282551 PMCID: PMC7694565 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The vast tree-like dendritic structure of neurons allows them to receive and integrate input from many neurons. A wide variety of neuronal morphologies exist, however, their role in dendritic integration, and how it shapes the response of the neuron, is not yet fully understood. Here, we study the evolution and interactions of dendritic spikes in excitable neurons with complex real branch structures. We focus on dozens of digitally reconstructed illustrative neurons from the online repository NeuroMorpho.org, which contains over 130,000 neurons. Yet, our methods can be promptly extended to any other neuron. This approach allows us to estimate and map specific and heterogeneous patterns of activity observed across extensive dendritic trees with thousands of compartments. We propose a classification of neurons based on the location of the soma (centrality) and the number of branches connected to the soma. These are key topological factors in determining the neuron's energy consumption, firing rate, and the dynamic range, which quantifies the range in synaptic input rate that can be reliably encoded by the neuron's firing rate. Moreover, we find that bifurcations, the structural building blocks of complex dendrites, play a major role in increasing the dynamic range of neurons. Our results provide a better understanding of the effects of neuronal morphology in the diversity of neuronal dynamics and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Kirch
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Leonardo L. Gollo
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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65
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Marti Mengual U, Wybo WAM, Spierenburg LJE, Santello M, Senn W, Nevian T. Efficient Low-Pass Dendro-Somatic Coupling in the Apical Dendrite of Layer 5 Pyramidal Neurons in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex. J Neurosci 2020; 40:8799-8815. [PMID: 33046549 PMCID: PMC7659461 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3028-19.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal propagation in the dendrites of many neurons, including cortical pyramidal neurons in sensory cortex, is characterized by strong attenuation toward the soma. In contrast, using dual whole-cell recordings from the apical dendrite and soma of layer 5 (L5) pyramidal neurons in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) of adult male mice we found good coupling, particularly of slow subthreshold potentials like NMDA spikes or trains of EPSPs from dendrite to soma. Only the fastest EPSPs in the ACC were reduced to a similar degree as in primary somatosensory cortex, revealing differential low-pass filtering capabilities. Furthermore, L5 pyramidal neurons in the ACC did not exhibit dendritic Ca2+ spikes as prominently found in the apical dendrite of S1 (somatosensory cortex) pyramidal neurons. Fitting the experimental data to a NEURON model revealed that the specific distribution of Ileak, Iir, Im , and Ih was sufficient to explain the electrotonic dendritic structure causing a leaky distal dendritic compartment with correspondingly low input resistance and a compact perisomatic region, resulting in a decoupling of distal tuft branches from each other while at the same time efficiently connecting them to the soma. Our results give a biophysically plausible explanation of how a class of prefrontal cortical pyramidal neurons achieve efficient integration of subthreshold distal synaptic inputs compared with the same cell type in sensory cortices.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Understanding cortical computation requires the understanding of its fundamental computational subunits. Layer 5 pyramidal neurons are the main output neurons of the cortex, integrating synaptic inputs across different cortical layers. Their elaborate dendritic tree receives, propagates, and transforms synaptic inputs into action potential output. We found good coupling of slow subthreshold potentials like NMDA spikes or trains of EPSPs from the distal apical dendrite to the soma in pyramidal neurons in the ACC, which was significantly better compared with S1. This suggests that frontal pyramidal neurons use a different integration scheme compared with the same cell type in somatosensory cortex, which has important implications for our understanding of information processing across different parts of the neocortex.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Willem A M Wybo
- Department of Physiology, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Mirko Santello
- Department of Physiology, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Walter Senn
- Department of Physiology, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Nevian
- Department of Physiology, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
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66
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Comparing basal dendrite branches in human and mouse hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons with Bayesian networks. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18592. [PMID: 33122691 PMCID: PMC7596062 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73617-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyramidal neurons are the most common cell type in the cerebral cortex. Understanding how they differ between species is a key challenge in neuroscience. A recent study provided a unique set of human and mouse pyramidal neurons of the CA1 region of the hippocampus, and used it to compare the morphology of apical and basal dendritic branches of the two species. The study found inter-species differences in the magnitude of the morphometrics and similarities regarding their variation with respect to morphological determinants such as branch type and branch order. We use the same data set to perform additional comparisons of basal dendrites. In order to isolate the heterogeneity due to intrinsic differences between species from the heterogeneity due to differences in morphological determinants, we fit multivariate models over the morphometrics and the determinants. In particular, we use conditional linear Gaussian Bayesian networks, which provide a concise graphical representation of the independencies and correlations among the variables. We also extend the previous study by considering additional morphometrics and by formally testing whether a morphometric increases or decreases with the distance from the soma. This study introduces a multivariate methodology for inter-species comparison of morphology.
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67
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Shimell JJ, Shah BS, Cain SM, Thouta S, Kuhlmann N, Tatarnikov I, Jovellar DB, Brigidi GS, Kass J, Milnerwood AJ, Snutch TP, Bamji SX. The X-Linked Intellectual Disability Gene Zdhhc9 Is Essential for Dendrite Outgrowth and Inhibitory Synapse Formation. Cell Rep 2020; 29:2422-2437.e8. [PMID: 31747610 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.10.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Palmitoylation is a reversible post-translational lipid modification that facilitates vesicular transport and subcellular localization of modified proteins. This process is catalyzed by ZDHHC enzymes that are implicated in several neurological and neurodevelopmental disorders. Loss-of-function mutations in ZDHHC9 have been identified in patients with X-linked intellectual disability (XLID) and associated with increased epilepsy risk. Loss of Zdhhc9 function in hippocampal cultures leads to shorter dendritic arbors and fewer inhibitory synapses, altering the ratio of excitatory-to-inhibitory inputs formed onto Zdhhc9-deficient cells. While Zdhhc9 promotes dendrite outgrowth through the palmitoylation of the GTPase Ras, it promotes inhibitory synapse formation through the palmitoylation of another GTPase, TC10. Zdhhc9 knockout mice exhibit seizure-like activity together with increased frequency and amplitude of both spontaneous and miniature excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic currents. These findings present a plausible mechanism for how the loss of ZDHHC9 function may contribute to XLID and epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan J Shimell
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Bhavin S Shah
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Stuart M Cain
- Michael Smith Laboratories, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, 2215 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Samrat Thouta
- Michael Smith Laboratories, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, 2215 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Naila Kuhlmann
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Igor Tatarnikov
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - D Blair Jovellar
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - G Stefano Brigidi
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Jennifer Kass
- Michael Smith Laboratories, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, 2215 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Austen J Milnerwood
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Terrance P Snutch
- Michael Smith Laboratories, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, 2215 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Shernaz X Bamji
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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68
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Kim KY, Rios LC, Le H, Perez AJ, Phan S, Bushong EA, Deerinck TJ, Liu YH, Ellisman MA, Lev-Ram V, Ju S, Panda SA, Yoon S, Hirayama M, Mure LS, Hatori M, Ellisman MH, Panda S. Synaptic Specializations of Melanopsin-Retinal Ganglion Cells in Multiple Brain Regions Revealed by Genetic Label for Light and Electron Microscopy. Cell Rep 2020; 29:628-644.e6. [PMID: 31618632 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The form and synaptic fine structure of melanopsin-expressing retinal ganglion cells, also called intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs), were determined using a new membrane-targeted version of a genetic probe for correlated light and electron microscopy (CLEM). ipRGCs project to multiple brain regions, and because the method labels the entire neuron, it was possible to analyze nerve terminals in multiple retinorecipient brain regions, including the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), olivary pretectal nucleus (OPN), and subregions of the lateral geniculate. Although ipRGCs provide the only direct retinal input to the OPN and SCN, ipRGC terminal arbors and boutons were found to be remarkably different in each target region. A network of dendro-dendritic chemical synapses (DDCSs) was also revealed in the SCN, with ipRGC axon terminals preferentially synapsing on the DDCS-linked cells. The methods developed to enable this analysis should propel other CLEM studies of long-distance brain circuits at high resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keun-Young Kim
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California at San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA; National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Luis C Rios
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Hiep Le
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alex J Perez
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sébastien Phan
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California at San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA; National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Eric A Bushong
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California at San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA; National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Thomas J Deerinck
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California at San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA; National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yu Hsin Liu
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California at San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Maya A Ellisman
- Biological Sciences Graduate Training Program, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Varda Lev-Ram
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Suyeon Ju
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sneha A Panda
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sanghee Yoon
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Ludovic S Mure
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Megumi Hatori
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mark H Ellisman
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California at San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA; National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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69
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Leszczyński M, Barczak A, Kajikawa Y, Ulbert I, Falchier AY, Tal I, Haegens S, Melloni L, Knight RT, Schroeder CE. Dissociation of broadband high-frequency activity and neuronal firing in the neocortex. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eabb0977. [PMID: 32851172 PMCID: PMC7423365 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abb0977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Broadband high-frequency activity (BHA; 70 to 150 Hz), also known as "high gamma," a key analytic signal in human intracranial (electrocorticographic) recordings, is often assumed to reflect local neural firing [multiunit activity (MUA)]. As the precise physiological substrates of BHA are unknown, this assumption remains controversial. Our analysis of laminar multielectrode data from V1 and A1 in monkeys outlines two components of stimulus-evoked BHA distributed across the cortical layers: an "early-deep" and "late-superficial" response. Early-deep BHA has a clear spatial and temporal overlap with MUA. Late-superficial BHA was more prominent and accounted for more of the BHA signal measured near the cortical pial surface. However, its association with local MUA is weak and often undetectable, consistent with the view that it reflects dendritic processes separable from local neuronal firing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Leszczyński
- Cognitive Science and Neuromodulation Program, Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology and Neurosurgery, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
- Translational Neuroscience Division of the Center for Biomedical Imaging and Neuromodulation, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Annamaria Barczak
- Translational Neuroscience Division of the Center for Biomedical Imaging and Neuromodulation, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Yoshinao Kajikawa
- Translational Neuroscience Division of the Center for Biomedical Imaging and Neuromodulation, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Istvan Ulbert
- Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Arnaud Y. Falchier
- Translational Neuroscience Division of the Center for Biomedical Imaging and Neuromodulation, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Idan Tal
- Cognitive Science and Neuromodulation Program, Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology and Neurosurgery, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
- Translational Neuroscience Division of the Center for Biomedical Imaging and Neuromodulation, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Saskia Haegens
- Cognitive Science and Neuromodulation Program, Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology and Neurosurgery, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Lucia Melloni
- Department of Neurology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert T. Knight
- Department of Psychology and Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Charles E. Schroeder
- Cognitive Science and Neuromodulation Program, Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology and Neurosurgery, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
- Translational Neuroscience Division of the Center for Biomedical Imaging and Neuromodulation, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA
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70
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Omelchenko A, Menon H, Donofrio SG, Kumar G, Chapman HM, Roshal J, Martinez-Montes ER, Wang TL, Spaller MR, Firestein BL. Interaction Between CRIPT and PSD-95 Is Required for Proper Dendritic Arborization in Hippocampal Neurons. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:2479-2493. [PMID: 32157575 PMCID: PMC7176523 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-01895-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
CRIPT, the cysteine-rich PDZ-binding protein, binds to the third PDZ domain of PSD-95 (postsynaptic density protein 95) family proteins and directly binds microtubules, linking PSD-95 family proteins to the neuronal cytoskeleton. Here, we show that overexpression of a full-length CRIPT leads to a modest decrease, and knockdown of CRIPT leads to an increase in dendritic branching in cultured rat hippocampal neurons. Overexpression of truncated CRIPT lacking the PDZ domain-binding motif, which does not bind to PSD-95, significantly decreases dendritic arborization. Conversely, overexpression of a full-length CRIPT significantly increases the number of immature and mature dendritic spines, and this effect is not observed when CRIPT∆PDZ is overexpressed. Competitive inhibition of CRIPT binding to the third PDZ domain of PSD-95 with PDZ3-binding peptides resulted in differential effects on dendritic arborization based on the origin of respective peptide sequence. These results highlight multifunctional roles of CRIPT during development and underscore the significance of the interaction between CRIPT and the third PDZ domain of PSD-95.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Omelchenko
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854-8082, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Rutgers University, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854-8082, USA
| | - Harita Menon
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854-8082, USA
| | - Sarah G Donofrio
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854-8082, USA
| | - Gaurav Kumar
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854-8082, USA
| | - Heidi M Chapman
- Geisel School of Medicine, Department of Medical Education and Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA
| | - Joshua Roshal
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854-8082, USA
| | - Eduardo R Martinez-Montes
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854-8082, USA
| | - Tiffany L Wang
- Geisel School of Medicine, Department of Medical Education and Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA
| | - Mark R Spaller
- Geisel School of Medicine, Department of Medical Education and Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA
| | - Bonnie L Firestein
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854-8082, USA.
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71
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Metoprolol prevents neuronal dendrite remodeling in a canine model of chronic obstructive sleep apnea. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2020; 41:620-628. [PMID: 31863057 PMCID: PMC7470867 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-019-0323-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is closely associated with central nervous system diseases and could lead to autonomic nerve dysfunction, which is often seen in neurodegenerative diseases. Previous studies have shown that metoprolol prevents several chronic OSA-induced cardiovascular diseases through inhibiting autonomic nerve hyperactivity. It remains unclear whether chronic OSA can lead to dendritic remodeling in the brain, and whether metoprolol affects the dendritic remodeling. In this study we investigated the effect of metoprolol on dendrite morphology in a canine model of chronic OSA, which was established in beagles through clamping and reopening the endotracheal tube for 4 h every other day for 12 weeks. OSA beagles were administered metoprolol (5 mg· kg−1· d−1). The dendritic number, length, crossings and spine density of neurons in hippocampi and prefrontal cortices were assessed by Golgi staining. And the protein levels of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were measured by Western blotting. We showed that chronic OSA successfully induced significant brain hypoxia evidenced by increased HIF-1α levels in CA1 region and dentate gyrus of hippocampi, as well as in prefrontal cortex. Furthermore, OSA led to markedly decreased dendrite number, length and intersections, spine loss as well as reduced BDNF levels. Administration of metoprolol effectively prevented the dendritic remodeling and spine loss induced by chronic OSA. In addition, administration of metoprolol reversed the decreased BDNF, which might be associated with the metoprolol-induced neuronal protection. In conclusion, metoprolol protects against neuronal dendritic remodeling in hippocampi and prefrontal cortices induced by chronic OSA in canine.
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72
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Ran Y, Huang Z, Baden T, Schubert T, Baayen H, Berens P, Franke K, Euler T. Type-specific dendritic integration in mouse retinal ganglion cells. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2101. [PMID: 32355170 PMCID: PMC7193577 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15867-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural computation relies on the integration of synaptic inputs across a neuron’s dendritic arbour. However, it is far from understood how different cell types tune this process to establish cell-type specific computations. Here, using two-photon imaging of dendritic Ca2+ signals, electrical recordings of somatic voltage and biophysical modelling, we demonstrate that four morphologically distinct types of mouse retinal ganglion cells with overlapping excitatory synaptic input (transient Off alpha, transient Off mini, sustained Off, and F-mini Off) exhibit type-specific dendritic integration profiles: in contrast to the other types, dendrites of transient Off alpha cells were spatially independent, with little receptive field overlap. The temporal correlation of dendritic signals varied also extensively, with the highest and lowest correlation in transient Off mini and transient Off alpha cells, respectively. We show that differences between cell types can likely be explained by differences in backpropagation efficiency, arising from the specific combinations of dendritic morphology and ion channel densities. Neurons compute by integrating synaptic inputs across their dendritic arbor. Here, the authors show that distinct cell-types of mouse retinal ganglion cells that receive similar excitatory inputs have different biophysical mechanisms of input integration to generate their unique response tuning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Ran
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ziwei Huang
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tom Baden
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Sussex Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Timm Schubert
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Harald Baayen
- Department of Linguistics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Philipp Berens
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Bernstein Centre for Computational Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Institute of Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katrin Franke
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Bernstein Centre for Computational Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Euler
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany. .,Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany. .,Bernstein Centre for Computational Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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73
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Fernández de Sevilla D, Núñez A, Buño W. Muscarinic Receptors, from Synaptic Plasticity to its Role in Network Activity. Neuroscience 2020; 456:60-70. [PMID: 32278062 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Acetylcholine acting via metabotropic receptors plays a key role in learning and memory by regulating synaptic plasticity and circuit activity. However, a recent overall view of the effects of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) on excitatory and inhibitory long-term synaptic plasticity and on circuit activity is lacking. This review focusses on specific aspects of the regulation of synaptic plasticity and circuit activity by mAChRs in the hippocampus and cortex. Acetylcholine increases the excitability of pyramidal neurons, facilitating the generation of dendritic Ca2+-spikes, NMDA-spikes and action potential bursts which provide the main source of Ca2+ influx necessary to induce synaptic plasticity. The activation of mAChRs induced Ca2+ release from intracellular IP3-sensitive stores is a major player in the induction of a NMDA independent long-term potentiation (LTP) caused by an increased expression of AMPA receptors in hippocampal pyramidal neuron dendritic spines. In the neocortex, activation of mAChRs also induces a long-term enhancement of excitatory postsynaptic currents. In addition to effects on excitatory synapses, a single brief activation of mAChRs together with short repeated membrane depolarization can induce a long-term enhancement of GABA A type (GABAA) inhibition through an increased expression of GABAA receptors in hippocampal pyramidal neurons. By contrast, a long term depression of GABAA inhibition (iLTD) is induced by muscarinic receptor activation in the absence of postsynaptic depolarizations. This iLTD is caused by an endocannabinoid-mediated presynaptic inhibition that reduces the GABA release probability at the terminals of inhibitory interneurons. This bidirectional long-term plasticity of inhibition may dynamically regulate the excitatory/inhibitory balance depending on the quiescent or active state of the postsynaptic pyramidal neurons. Therefore, acetylcholine can induce varied effects on neuronal activity and circuit behavior that can enhance sensory detection and processing through the modification of circuit activity leading to learning, memory and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Fernández de Sevilla
- Departamento de Anatomía, Histología y Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28029, Spain.
| | - A Núñez
- Departamento de Anatomía, Histología y Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - W Buño
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid 28029, Spain
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74
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Fiske MP, Anstötz M, Welty LJ, Maccaferri G. The intrinsic cell type-specific excitatory connectivity of the developing mouse subiculum is sufficient to generate synchronous epileptiform activity. J Physiol 2020; 598:1965-1985. [PMID: 32119127 DOI: 10.1113/jp279561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS The activity of local excitatory circuits of the subiculum has been suggested to be involved in the initiation of pathological activity in epileptic patients and experimental animal models of temporal lobe epilepsy. We have taken advantage of multimodal techniques to classify subicular cells in distinct subclasses and have investigated their morphofunctional properties and connectivity in vitro. Our results indicate that local subicular excitatory circuits are connected in a cell type-specific fashion and that synapses are preferentially established on basal vs. apical dendrites. We show that local excitatory circuits, isolated from extrasubicular inputs and pharmacologically disinhibited, are sufficient to initiate synchronous epileptiform activity in vitro. In conclusion, this work provides a high-resolution description of local excitatory circuits of the subiculum and highlights their mechanistic involvement in the generation of pathological activity. ABSTRACT The subiculum has been suggested to be involved in the initiation of pathological discharges in human patients and animal models of temporal lobe epilepsy. Although converging evidence has revealed the existence of functional diversity within its principal neurons, much less attention has been devoted to its intrinsic connectivity and whether its local excitatory circuits are sufficient to generate epileptiform activity. Here, we have directly addressed these two key points in mouse subicular slices. First, using multivariate techniques, we have distinguished two groups of principal cells, which we have termed type 1 and type 2. These subgroups roughly overlap with what were classically indicated as regular and bursting cells, and showed differences in the extension and complexity of their apical dendrites. Functional connectivity was found both between similar (homotypic) and different (heterotypic) types of cells, with a marked asymmetry within heterotypic pairs. Unitary excitatory postsynaptic potentials (uEPSPs) revealed a high degree of variability both in amplitude, failure rate, rise time and half-width. Post hoc analysis of functionally connected pairs suggested that the observed uEPSPs were mediated by few contact sites, predominantly located on the basal dendrites. When surgically isolated from extrasubicular excitatory afferents, pharmacologically disinhibited subicular slices generated hyper-synchronous discharges. Thus, we conclude that local subicular excitatory circuits, connected according to cell type-specific rules, are sufficient to promote epileptiform activity. This conclusion fits well with a previous suggestion that local subicular events, purely mediated by excitatory connections, may underlie the pre-ictal discharges that govern interictal-ictal transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Patrick Fiske
- Northwestern University Interdepartmental PhD Program & Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Max Anstötz
- Northwestern University Interdepartmental PhD Program & Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Leah J Welty
- Biostatistics Collaboration Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Gianmaria Maccaferri
- Northwestern University Interdepartmental PhD Program & Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
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75
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Rapid mesoscale volumetric imaging of neural activity with synaptic resolution. Nat Methods 2020; 17:291-294. [PMID: 32123393 PMCID: PMC7192636 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-020-0760-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Imaging neurons and neural circuits over large volumes at high speed and subcellular resolution is a difficult task. Incorporating a Bessel focus module into a two-photon fluorescence mesoscope, we achieved rapid volumetric imaging of neural activity over the mesoscale with synaptic resolution. We applied the technology to calcium imaging of entire dendritic spans of neurons as well as neural ensembles within multiple cortical regions over two hemispheres of the awake mouse brain.
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76
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Roome CJ, Kuhn B. Voltage imaging with ANNINE dyes and two-photon microscopy of Purkinje dendrites in awake mice. Neurosci Res 2020; 152:15-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2019.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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77
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Kruyer A, Chioma VC, Kalivas PW. The Opioid-Addicted Tetrapartite Synapse. Biol Psychiatry 2020; 87:34-43. [PMID: 31378302 PMCID: PMC6898767 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Opioid administration in preclinical models induces long-lasting adaptations in reward and habit circuitry. The latest research demonstrates that in the nucleus accumbens, opioid-induced excitatory synaptic plasticity involves presynaptic and postsynaptic elements as well as adjacent astroglial processes and the perisynaptic extracellular matrix. We outline opioid-induced modifications within each component of the tetrapartite synapse and provide a neurobiological perspective on how these adaptations converge to produce addiction-related behaviors in rodent models. By incorporating changes observed at each of the excitatory synaptic compartments into a unified framework of opioid-induced glutamate dysregulation, we highlight new avenues for restoring synaptic homeostasis that might limit opioid craving and relapse vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kruyer
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Vivian C Chioma
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Peter W Kalivas
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.
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78
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Zhang H, Kuang H, Luo Y, Liu S, Meng L, Pang Q, Fan R. Low-dose bisphenol A exposure impairs learning and memory ability with alterations of neuromorphology and neurotransmitters in rats. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 697:134036. [PMID: 31476513 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the developmental neurotoxicity of environmental bisphenol A (BPA) exposure for infants and children, postnatal rats were used as the animal model and were divided into four groups. Then, they were treated with different concentrations of BPA (i.e., 0, 0.5, 50, or 5000 μg/kg·bw/day of BPA as the control, low-, medium- and high-exposed group) from postnatal days 7 to 21. Y-maze tests, Golgi-Cox assays and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) were performed to test the changes of learning and memory ability, hippocampal neuromorphology and neurotransmitter levels, respectively. The results showed that the BPA-exposed rats, especially the low- and high-exposed rats, needed more trials and longer times to qualify for the learned criterion than the control rats. Additionally, rats after low- or high-exposure to BPA exhibited decreased DG dendritic complexity and reduced CA1 and DG dendritic spine densities in the hippocampus. Low-dosage BPA treatment could significantly alter the neurotransmitter contents in the hippocampus. In male rats, the levels of glutamic acid (Glu) and acetylcholine increased, while the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels decreased, which lead to an unbalanced Glu/GABA ratio. However, in female rats, only 5-HT levels decreased. In conclusion, postnatal exposure to BPA could sex- and dose-dependently disrupt dendritic development and neurotransmitter homeostasis in the rat hippocampus. The impaired spatial learning and memory ability of rats induced by low-dose BPA is associated with both disrupted dendritic development and neurotransmitter homeostasis in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibin Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Drug and Food Biological Resources Processing and Comprehensive Utilization, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Hongxuan Kuang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Drug and Food Biological Resources Processing and Comprehensive Utilization, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Yifan Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Drug and Food Biological Resources Processing and Comprehensive Utilization, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Shuhua Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Drug and Food Biological Resources Processing and Comprehensive Utilization, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Lingxue Meng
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Drug and Food Biological Resources Processing and Comprehensive Utilization, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Qihua Pang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Drug and Food Biological Resources Processing and Comprehensive Utilization, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Ruifang Fan
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Drug and Food Biological Resources Processing and Comprehensive Utilization, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.
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79
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Kastellakis G, Poirazi P. Synaptic Clustering and Memory Formation. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:300. [PMID: 31866824 PMCID: PMC6908852 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In the study of memory engrams, synaptic memory allocation is a newly emerged theme that focuses on how specific synapses are engaged in the storage of a given memory. Cumulating evidence from imaging and molecular experiments indicates that the recruitment of synapses that participate in the encoding and expression of memory is neither random nor uniform. A hallmark observation is the emergence of groups of synapses that share similar response properties and/or similar input properties and are located within a stretch of a dendritic branch. This grouping of synapses has been termed "synapse clustering" and has been shown to emerge in many different memory-related paradigms, as well as in in vitro studies. The clustering of synapses may emerge from synapses receiving similar input, or via many processes which allow for cross-talk between nearby synapses within a dendritic branch, leading to cooperative plasticity. Clustered synapses can act in concert to maximally exploit the nonlinear integration potential of the dendritic branches in which they reside. Their main contribution is to facilitate the induction of dendritic spikes and dendritic plateau potentials, which provide advanced computational and memory-related capabilities to dendrites and single neurons. This review focuses on recent evidence which investigates the role of synapse clustering in dendritic integration, sensory perception, learning, and memory as well as brain dysfunction. We also discuss recent theoretical work which explores the computational advantages provided by synapse clustering, leading to novel and revised theories of memory. As an eminent phenomenon during memory allocation, synapse clustering both shapes memory engrams and is also shaped by the parallel plasticity mechanisms upon which it relies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Panayiota Poirazi
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH), Heraklion, Greece
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80
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Elgueta C, Bartos M. Dendritic inhibition differentially regulates excitability of dentate gyrus parvalbumin-expressing interneurons and granule cells. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5561. [PMID: 31804491 PMCID: PMC6895125 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13533-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Fast-spiking parvalbumin-expressing interneurons (PVIs) and granule cells (GCs) of the dentate gyrus receive layer-specific dendritic inhibition. Its impact on PVI and GC excitability is, however, unknown. By applying whole-cell recordings, GABA uncaging and single-cell-modeling, we show that proximal dendritic inhibition in PVIs is less efficient in lowering perforant path-mediated subthreshold depolarization than distal inhibition but both are highly efficient in silencing PVIs. These inhibitory effects can be explained by proximal shunting and distal strong hyperpolarizing inhibition. In contrast, GC proximal but not distal inhibition is the primary regulator of their excitability and recruitment. In GCs inhibition is hyperpolarizing along the entire somato-dendritic axis with similar strength. Thus, dendritic inhibition differentially controls input-output transformations in PVIs and GCs. Dendritic inhibition in PVIs is suited to balance PVI discharges in dependence on global network activity thereby providing strong and tuned perisomatic inhibition that contributes to the sparse representation of information in GC assemblies. Fast-spiking parvalbumin-expressing interneurons (PVIs) and granule cells of the dentate gyrus receive layer-specific dendritic inhibition. The authors show that distal and proximal dendritic inhibition differentially control input-output transformations in PVIs and granule cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Elgueta
- Institute for Physiology I, Cellular and Systemic Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty of the University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Marlene Bartos
- Institute for Physiology I, Cellular and Systemic Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty of the University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.
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81
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Komendantov AO, Venkadesh S, Rees CL, Wheeler DW, Hamilton DJ, Ascoli GA. Quantitative firing pattern phenotyping of hippocampal neuron types. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17915. [PMID: 31784578 PMCID: PMC6884469 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52611-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Systematically organizing the anatomical, molecular, and physiological properties of cortical neurons is important for understanding their computational functions. Hippocampome.org defines 122 neuron types in the rodent hippocampal formation based on their somatic, axonal, and dendritic locations, putative excitatory/inhibitory outputs, molecular marker expression, and biophysical properties. We augmented the electrophysiological data of this knowledge base by collecting, quantifying, and analyzing the firing responses to depolarizing current injections for every hippocampal neuron type from published experiments. We designed and implemented objective protocols to classify firing patterns based on 5 transients (delay, adapting spiking, rapidly adapting spiking, transient stuttering, and transient slow-wave bursting) and 4 steady states (non-adapting spiking, persistent stuttering, persistent slow-wave bursting, and silence). This automated approach revealed 9 unique (plus one spurious) families of firing pattern phenotypes while distinguishing potential new neuronal subtypes. Novel statistical associations emerged between firing responses and other electrophysiological properties, morphological features, and molecular marker expression. The firing pattern parameters, experimental conditions, spike times, references to the original empirical evidences, and analysis scripts are released open-source through Hippocampome.org for all neuron types, greatly enhancing the existing search and browse capabilities. This information, collated online in human- and machine-accessible form, will help design and interpret both experiments and model simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander O Komendantov
- Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, MS 2A1, Fairfax, Virginia, 2230, USA.
| | - Siva Venkadesh
- Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, MS 2A1, Fairfax, Virginia, 2230, USA
| | - Christopher L Rees
- Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, MS 2A1, Fairfax, Virginia, 2230, USA
| | - Diek W Wheeler
- Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, MS 2A1, Fairfax, Virginia, 2230, USA
| | - David J Hamilton
- Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, MS 2A1, Fairfax, Virginia, 2230, USA
| | - Giorgio A Ascoli
- Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, MS 2A1, Fairfax, Virginia, 2230, USA.
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82
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Xu J, Du YL, Xu JW, Hu XG, Gu LF, Li XM, Hu PH, Liao TL, Xia QQ, Sun Q, Shi L, Luo JH, Xia J, Wang Z, Xu J. Neuroligin 3 Regulates Dendritic Outgrowth by Modulating Akt/mTOR Signaling. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:518. [PMID: 31849609 PMCID: PMC6896717 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroligins (NLs) are a group of postsynaptic cell adhesion molecules that function in synaptogenesis and synaptic transmission. Genetic defects in neuroligin 3 (NL3), a member of the NL protein family, are associated with autism. Studies in rodents have revealed that mutations of NL3 gene lead to increased growth and complexity in dendrites in the central nervous system. However, the detailed mechanism is still unclear. In our study, we found that deficiency of NL3 led to morphological changes of the pyramidal neurons in layer II/III somatosensory cortex in mice, including enlarged somata, elongated dendritic length, and increased dendritic complexity. Knockdown of NL3 in cultured rat neurons upregulated Akt/mTOR signaling, resulting in both increased protein synthesis and dendritic growth. Treating neurons with either rapamycin to inhibit the mTOR or LY294002 to inhibit the PI3K/Akt activity rescued the morphological abnormalities resulting from either NL3 knockdown or knockout (KO). In addition, we found that the hyperactivated Akt/mTOR signaling associated with NL3 defects was mediated by a reduction in phosphatase and tensin (PTEN) expression, and that MAGI-2, a scaffold protein, interacted with both NL3 and PTEN and could be a linker between NL3 and Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. In conclusion, our results suggest that NL3 regulates neuronal morphology, especially dendritic outgrowth, by modulating the PTEN/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, probably via MAGI-2. Thereby, this study provides a new link between NL3 and neuronal morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation of the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Neurobiology, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yong-Lan Du
- Department of Rehabilitation of the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Neurobiology, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing-Wei Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation of the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Neurobiology, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Ge Hu
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin-Fan Gu
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Jiaxing, China
| | - Xiu-Mao Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ping-Hong Hu
- Department of Rehabilitation of the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Neurobiology, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tai-Lin Liao
- Department of Rehabilitation of the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Neurobiology, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiang-Qiang Xia
- Department of Rehabilitation of the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Neurobiology, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Neurobiology, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lei Shi
- JNU-HKUST Joint Laboratory for Neuroscience and Innovative Drug Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Hong Luo
- Department of Neurobiology, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Xia
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong.,Division of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
| | - Ziyi Wang
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
| | - Junyu Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation of the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Neurobiology, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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83
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Vidybida AK. Possible Stochastic Mechanism for Improving the Selectivity of Olfactory Projection Neurons. NEUROPHYSIOLOGY+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11062-019-09808-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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84
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Kleinfeld D, Luan L, Mitra PP, Robinson JT, Sarpeshkar R, Shepard K, Xie C, Harris TD. Can One Concurrently Record Electrical Spikes from Every Neuron in a Mammalian Brain? Neuron 2019; 103:1005-1015. [PMID: 31495645 PMCID: PMC6763354 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The classic approach to measure the spiking response of neurons involves the use of metal electrodes to record extracellular potentials. Starting over 60 years ago with a single recording site, this technology now extends to ever larger numbers and densities of sites. We argue, based on the mechanical and electrical properties of existing materials, estimates of signal-to-noise ratios, assumptions regarding extracellular space in the brain, and estimates of heat generation by the electronic interface, that it should be possible to fabricate rigid electrodes to concurrently record from essentially every neuron in the cortical mantle. This will involve fabrication with existing yet nontraditional materials and procedures. We further emphasize the need to advance materials for improved flexible electrodes as an essential advance to record from neurons in brainstem and spinal cord in moving animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Kleinfeld
- Section of Neurobiology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Lan Luan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Partha P Mitra
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Jacob T Robinson
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rahul Sarpeshkar
- Department of Engineering, Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA; Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA; Department of Physics, Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Kenneth Shepard
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chong Xie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Timothy D Harris
- Howard Hughes Medical Institutes, Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn, VA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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85
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Rampersad S, Roig-Solvas B, Yarossi M, Kulkarni PP, Santarnecchi E, Dorval AD, Brooks DH. Prospects for transcranial temporal interference stimulation in humans: A computational study. Neuroimage 2019; 202:116124. [PMID: 31473351 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) is a noninvasive method used to modulate activity of superficial brain regions. Deeper and more steerable stimulation could potentially be achieved using transcranial temporal interference stimulation (tTIS): two high-frequency alternating fields interact to produce a wave with an envelope frequency in the range thought to modulate neural activity. Promising initial results have been reported for experiments with mice. In this study we aim to better understand the electric fields produced with tTIS and examine its prospects in humans through simulations with murine and human head models. A murine head finite element model was used to simulate previously published experiments of tTIS in mice. With a total current of 0.776 mA, tTIS electric field strengths up to 383 V/m were reached in the modeled mouse brain, affirming experimental results indicating that suprathreshold stimulation is possible in mice. Using a detailed anisotropic human head model, tTIS was simulated with systematically varied electrode configurations and input currents to investigate how these parameters influence the electric fields. An exhaustive search with 88 electrode locations covering the entire head (146M current patterns) was employed to optimize tTIS for target field strength and focality. In all analyses, we investigated maximal effects and effects along the predominant orientation of local neurons. Our results showed that it was possible to steer the peak tTIS field by manipulating the relative strength of the two input fields. Deep brain areas received field strengths similar to conventional tACS, but with less stimulation in superficial areas. Maximum field strengths in the human model were much lower than in the murine model, too low to expect direct stimulation effects. While field strengths from tACS were slightly higher, our results suggest that tTIS is capable of producing more focal fields and allows for better steerability. Finally, we present optimal four-electrode current patterns to maximize tTIS in regions of the pallidum (0.37 V/m), hippocampus (0.24 V/m) and motor cortex (0.57 V/m).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumientra Rampersad
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, USA.
| | - Biel Roig-Solvas
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, USA
| | - Mathew Yarossi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, USA; Department of Physical Therapy, Movement and Rehabilitation Science, Northeastern University, Boston, USA
| | - Praveen P Kulkarni
- Center for Translational Neuro-imaging, Northeastern University, Boston, USA
| | - Emiliano Santarnecchi
- Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Alan D Dorval
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA
| | - Dana H Brooks
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, USA
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86
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Grafe LA, Geng E, Corbett B, Urban K, Bhatnagar S. Sex- and Stress-Dependent Effects on Dendritic Morphology and Spine Densities in Putative Orexin Neurons. Neuroscience 2019; 418:266-278. [PMID: 31442567 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
We recently found that non-stressed female rats have higher basal prepro-orexin expression and activation of orexinergic neurons compared to non-stressed males, which lead to impaired habituation to repeated restraint stress at the behavioral, neural, and endocrine level. Here, we extended our study of sex differences in the orexin system by examining spine densities and dendritic morphology in putative orexin neurons in adult male and female rats that were exposed to 5 consecutive days of 30-min restraint. Analysis of spine distribution and density indicated that putative orexinergic neurons in control non-stressed females had significantly more dendritic spines than those in control males, and the majority of these were mushroom spines. This morphological finding may suggest more excitatory input onto orexin neurons in female rats. As orexin neurons are known to promote the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal response, this morphological change in orexin neurons could underlie the impaired habituation to repeated stress in female rats. Dendritic complexity did not differ between non-stressed males and females, however repeated restraint stress decreased total dendritic length, nodes, and branching primarily in males. Thus, reduced dendritic complexity of putative orexinergic neurons is observed in males but not in females after 5days of repeated restraint stress. This morphological change might be reflective of decreased orexin system function, which may allow males to habituate more fully to repeated restraint than females. These results extend our understanding of the role of orexin neurons in regulating habituation and demonstrate changes in putative orexin cell morphology and spines that may underlie sex differences in habituation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Grafe
- Department of Psychology, Bryn Mawr College, Bryn Mawr, PA 19010, USA
| | - Eric Geng
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Brian Corbett
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kimberly Urban
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Seema Bhatnagar
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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87
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Ujfalussy BB, Makara JK, Lengyel M, Branco T. Global and Multiplexed Dendritic Computations under In Vivo-like Conditions. Neuron 2019; 100:579-592.e5. [PMID: 30408443 PMCID: PMC6226578 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Dendrites integrate inputs nonlinearly, but it is unclear how these nonlinearities contribute to the overall input-output transformation of single neurons. We developed statistically principled methods using a hierarchical cascade of linear-nonlinear subunits (hLN) to model the dynamically evolving somatic response of neurons receiving complex, in vivo-like spatiotemporal synaptic input patterns. We used the hLN to predict the somatic membrane potential of an in vivo-validated detailed biophysical model of a L2/3 pyramidal cell. Linear input integration with a single global dendritic nonlinearity achieved above 90% prediction accuracy. A novel hLN motif, input multiplexing into parallel processing channels, could improve predictions as much as conventionally used additional layers of local nonlinearities. We obtained similar results in two other cell types. This approach provides a data-driven characterization of a key component of cortical circuit computations: the input-output transformation of neurons during in vivo-like conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balázs B Ujfalussy
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK; Laboratory of Neuronal Signaling, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary; Computational and Biological Learning Lab, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; MTA Wigner Research Center for Physics, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Judit K Makara
- Laboratory of Neuronal Signaling, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Máté Lengyel
- Computational and Biological Learning Lab, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Department of Cognitive Science, Central European University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tiago Branco
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK; Sainsbury Wellcome Centre, University College London, London, UK
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88
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Abdellah M, Hernando J, Eilemann S, Lapere S, Antille N, Markram H, Schürmann F. NeuroMorphoVis: a collaborative framework for analysis and visualization of neuronal morphology skeletons reconstructed from microscopy stacks. Bioinformatics 2019; 34:i574-i582. [PMID: 29949998 PMCID: PMC6022592 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/bty231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Motivation From image stacks to computational models, processing digital representations of neuronal morphologies is essential to neuroscientific research. Workflows involve various techniques and tools, leading in certain cases to convoluted and fragmented pipelines. The existence of an integrated, extensible and free framework for processing, analysis and visualization of those morphologies is a challenge that is still largely unfulfilled. Results We present NeuroMorphoVis, an interactive, extensible and cross-platform framework for building, visualizing and analyzing digital reconstructions of neuronal morphology skeletons extracted from microscopy stacks. Our framework is capable of detecting and repairing tracing artifacts, allowing the generation of high fidelity surface meshes and high resolution volumetric models for simulation and in silico imaging studies. The applicability of NeuroMorphoVis is demonstrated with two case studies. The first simulates the construction of three-dimensional profiles of neuronal somata and the other highlights how the framework is leveraged to create volumetric models of neuronal circuits for simulating different types of in vitro imaging experiments. Availability and implementation The source code and documentation are freely available on https://github.com/BlueBrain/NeuroMorphoVis under the GNU public license. The morphological analysis, visualization and surface meshing are implemented as an extensible Python API (Application Programming Interface) based on Blender, and the volume reconstruction and analysis code is written in C++ and parallelized using OpenMP. The framework features are accessible from a user-friendly GUI (Graphical User Interface) and a rich CLI (Command Line Interface). Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwan Abdellah
- Blue Brain Project (BBP), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Campus Biotech, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Juan Hernando
- Blue Brain Project (BBP), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Campus Biotech, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Eilemann
- Blue Brain Project (BBP), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Campus Biotech, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Samuel Lapere
- Blue Brain Project (BBP), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Campus Biotech, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Antille
- Blue Brain Project (BBP), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Campus Biotech, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Henry Markram
- Blue Brain Project (BBP), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Campus Biotech, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Felix Schürmann
- Blue Brain Project (BBP), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Campus Biotech, Geneva, Switzerland
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89
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Wang XT, Cai XY, Xu FX, Zhou L, Zheng R, Ma KY, Xu ZH, Shen Y. MEA6 Deficiency Impairs Cerebellar Development and Motor Performance by Tethering Protein Trafficking. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:250. [PMID: 31244610 PMCID: PMC6580151 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Meningioma expressed antigen 6 (MEA6), also called cutaneous T cell lymphoma-associated antigen 5 (cTAGE5), was initially found in tumor tissues. MEA6 is located in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) exit sites and regulates the transport of collagen, very low density lipoprotein, and insulin. It is also reported that MEA6 might be related to Fahr's syndrome, which comprises neurological, movement, and neuropsychiatric disorders. Here, we show that MEA6 is critical to cerebellar development and motor performance. Mice with conditional knockout of MEA6 (Nestin-Cre;MEA6F/F) display smaller sizes of body and brain compared to control animals, and survive maximal 28 days after birth. Immunohistochemical and behavioral studies demonstrate that these mutant mice have defects in cerebellar development and motor performance. In contrast, PC deletion of MEA6 (pCP2-Cre;MEA6F/F) causes milder phenotypes in cerebellar morphology and motor behaviors. While pCP2-Cre;MEA6F/F mice have normal lobular formation and gait, they present the extensive self-crossing of PC dendrites and damaged motor learning. Interestingly, the expression of key molecules that participates in cerebellar development, including Slit2 and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), is significantly increased in ER, suggesting that MEA6 ablation impairs ER function and thus these proteins are arrested in ER. Our study provides insight into the roles of MEA6 in the brain and the pathogenesis of Fahr's syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Tai Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin-Yu Cai
- Department of Neurobiology, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fang-Xiao Xu
- Department of Neurobiology, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Department of Neurobiology, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rui Zheng
- Department of Neurobiology, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kuang-Yi Ma
- Department of Neurobiology, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Heng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Shen
- Department of Neurobiology, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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90
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Su Y, Liu J, Yu B, Ba R, Zhao C. Brpf1 Haploinsufficiency Impairs Dendritic Arborization and Spine Formation, Leading to Cognitive Deficits. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:249. [PMID: 31213987 PMCID: PMC6558182 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Haploinsufficiency of the bromodomain and PHD finger-containing protein 1 (BRPF1) gene causes intellectual disability (ID), which is characterized by impaired intellectual and cognitive function; however, the neurological basis for ID and the neurological function of BRPF1 dosage in the brain remain unclear. Here, by crossing Emx1-cre mice with Brpf1fl/fl mice, we generated Brpf1 heterozygous mice to model BRPF1-related ID. Brpf1 heterozygotes showed reduced dendritic complexity in both hippocampal granule cells and cortical pyramidal neurons, accompanied by reduced spine density and altered spine and synapse morphology. An in vitro study of Brpf1 haploinsufficiency also demonstrated decreased frequency and amplitude of miniature EPSCs that may subsequently contribute to abnormal behaviors, including decreased anxiety levels and defective learning and memory. Our results demonstrate a critical role for Brpf1 dosage in neuron dendrite arborization, spine morphogenesis and behavior and provide insight into the pathogenesis of BRPF1-related ID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Su
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junhua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Baocong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ru Ba
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunjie Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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91
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Landeira BS, Santana TTDS, Araújo JADM, Tabet EI, Tannous BA, Schroeder T, Costa MR. Activity-Independent Effects of CREB on Neuronal Survival and Differentiation during Mouse Cerebral Cortex Development. Cereb Cortex 2019; 28:538-548. [PMID: 27999124 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhw387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal survival and morphological maturation depends on the action of the transcription factor calcium responsive element binding protein (CREB), which regulates expression of several target genes in an activity-dependent manner. However, it remains largely unknown whether CREB-mediated transcription could play a role at early stages of neuronal differentiation, prior to the establishment of functional synaptic contacts. Here, we show that CREB is phosphorylated at very early stages of neuronal differentiation in vivo and in vitro, even in the absence of depolarizing agents. Using genetic tools, we also show that inhibition of CREB-signaling affects neuronal growth and survival in vitro without affecting cell proliferation and neurogenesis. Expression of A-CREB or M-CREB, 2 dominant-negative inhibitors of CREB, decreases cell survival and the complexity of neuronal arborization. Similar changes are observed in neurons treated with protein kinase A (PKA) and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) inhibitors, which also show decreased levels of pCREBSer133. Notably, expression of CREB-FY, a Tyr134Phe CREB mutant with a lower Km for phosphorylation, partly rescues the effects of PKA and CaMKII inhibition. Our data indicate that CREB-mediated signaling play important roles at early stages of cortical neuron differentiation, prior to the establishment of fully functional synaptic contacts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Elie I Tabet
- Experimental Therapeutics and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bakhos A Tannous
- Experimental Therapeutics and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Timm Schroeder
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Mattenstr. 26, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marcos R Costa
- Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59056-450, Brazil
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92
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Voltage imaging and optogenetics reveal behaviour-dependent changes in hippocampal dynamics. Nature 2019; 569:413-417. [PMID: 31043747 PMCID: PMC6613938 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1166-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A technology to record membrane potential from multiple neurons, simultaneously, in behaving animals will have a transformative impact on neuroscience research1, 2. Genetically encoded voltage indicators are a promising tool for these purposes, but were so far limited to single-cell recordings with marginal signal to noise ratio (SNR) in vivo3-5. We developed improved near infrared voltage indicators, high speed microscopes and targeted gene expression schemes which enabled recordings of supra- and subthreshold voltage dynamics from multiple neurons simultaneously in mouse hippocampus, in vivo. The reporters revealed sub-cellular details of back-propagating action potentials and correlations in sub-threshold voltage between multiple cells. In combination with optogenetic stimulation, the reporters revealed brain state-dependent changes in neuronal excitability, reflecting the interplay of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs. These tools open the possibility for detailed explorations of network dynamics in the context of behavior.
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93
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Carrillo-Reid L, Day M, Xie Z, Melendez AE, Kondapalli J, Plotkin JL, Wokosin DL, Chen Y, Kress GJ, Kaplitt M, Ilijic E, Guzman JN, Chan CS, Surmeier DJ. Mutant huntingtin enhances activation of dendritic Kv4 K + channels in striatal spiny projection neurons. eLife 2019; 8:e40818. [PMID: 31017573 PMCID: PMC6481990 DOI: 10.7554/elife.40818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is initially characterized by an inability to suppress unwanted movements, a deficit attributable to impaired synaptic activation of striatal indirect pathway spiny projection neurons (iSPNs). To better understand the mechanisms underlying this deficit, striatal neurons in ex vivo brain slices from mouse genetic models of HD were studied using electrophysiological, optical and biochemical approaches. Distal dendrites of iSPNs from symptomatic HD mice were hypoexcitable, a change that was attributable to increased association of dendritic Kv4 potassium channels with auxiliary KChIP subunits. This association was negatively modulated by TrkB receptor signaling. Dendritic excitability of HD iSPNs was rescued by knocking-down expression of Kv4 channels, by disrupting KChIP binding, by restoring TrkB receptor signaling or by lowering mutant-Htt (mHtt) levels with a zinc finger protein. Collectively, these studies demonstrate that mHtt induces reversible alterations in the dendritic excitability of iSPNs that could contribute to the motor symptoms of HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Carrillo-Reid
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoUnited States
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology and Neurophysiology, Neurobiology InstituteNational Autonomous University of MexicoQueretaroMexico
| | - Michelle Day
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoUnited States
| | - Zhong Xie
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoUnited States
| | - Alexandria E Melendez
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoUnited States
| | - Jyothisri Kondapalli
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoUnited States
| | - Joshua L Plotkin
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoUnited States
- Department of Neurobiology & BehaviorStony Brook University School of MedicineStony BrookUnited States
| | - David L Wokosin
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoUnited States
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoUnited States
| | - Geraldine J Kress
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoUnited States
- Department of NeurologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisUnited States
| | - Michael Kaplitt
- Department of Neurological SurgeryWeill Cornell Medical CollegeNew YorkUnited States
| | - Ema Ilijic
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoUnited States
| | - Jaime N Guzman
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoUnited States
| | - C Savio Chan
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoUnited States
| | - D James Surmeier
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoUnited States
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94
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Jia X, Siegle JH, Bennett C, Gale SD, Denman DJ, Koch C, Olsen SR. High-density extracellular probes reveal dendritic backpropagation and facilitate neuron classification. J Neurophysiol 2019; 121:1831-1847. [PMID: 30840526 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00680.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Different neuron types serve distinct roles in neural processing. Extracellular electrical recordings are extensively used to study brain function but are typically blind to cell identity. Morphoelectrical properties of neurons measured on spatially dense electrode arrays have the potential to distinguish neuron types. We used high-density silicon probes to record from cortical and subcortical regions of the mouse brain. Extracellular waveforms of each neuron were detected across many channels and showed distinct spatiotemporal profiles among brain regions. Classification of neurons by brain region was improved with multichannel compared with single-channel waveforms. In visual cortex, unsupervised clustering identified the canonical regular-spiking (RS) and fast-spiking (FS) classes but also indicated a subclass of RS units with unidirectional backpropagating action potentials (BAPs). Moreover, BAPs were observed in many hippocampal RS cells. Overall, waveform analysis of spikes from high-density probes aids neuron identification and can reveal dendritic backpropagation. NEW & NOTEWORTHY It is challenging to identify neuron types with extracellular electrophysiology in vivo. We show that spatiotemporal action potentials measured on high-density electrode arrays can capture cell type-specific morphoelectrical properties, allowing classification of neurons across brain structures and within the cortex. Moreover, backpropagating action potentials are reliably detected in vivo from subpopulations of cortical and hippocampal neurons. Together, these results enhance the utility of dense extracellular electrophysiology for cell-type interrogation of brain network function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxuan Jia
- Allen Institute for Brain Science , Seattle, Washington
| | | | | | - Samuel D Gale
- Allen Institute for Brain Science , Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Christof Koch
- Allen Institute for Brain Science , Seattle, Washington
| | - Shawn R Olsen
- Allen Institute for Brain Science , Seattle, Washington
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95
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Serita T, Miyahara M, Tanimizu T, Takahashi S, Oishi S, Nagayoshi T, Tsuji R, Inoue H, Uehara M, Kida S. Dietary magnesium deficiency impairs hippocampus-dependent memories without changes in the spine density and morphology of hippocampal neurons in mice. Brain Res Bull 2019; 144:149-157. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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96
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ADAMTS18 Deficiency Affects Neuronal Morphogenesis and Reduces the Levels of Depression-like Behaviors in Mice. Neuroscience 2018; 399:53-64. [PMID: 30579834 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The ADAMTS (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs) enzymes are secreted, multi-domain matrix-associated zinc metalloendopeptidases that modify extracellular matrix components and play crucial roles in development and numerous diseases. ADAMTS18 is a member of the ADAMTS family, and genome-wide association studies made an initial association of ADAMTS18 with white matter integrity in healthy people of 72-74 years old. However, the potential roles of ADAMTS18 in central nervous system remain unclear. In this study, we showed that Adamts18 mRNA is highly abundant in developing brains, especially in the cerebellum granular cell layer and the hippocampus dentate gyrus (DG) granular cell layer. Adamts18 knockout (KO) mice displayed higher dendritic branching complexity and spine density on hippocampal DG granular cells. Behavioral tests showed that Adamts18 KO mice had reduced levels of depression-like behaviors compared to their wild-type (WT) littermates. The increased neurite formation could be attributed in part to reduced phosphorylation levels of the collapsin response mediator protein-2 (CRMP2) due to activation of the laminin/PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β signaling pathway. Our findings revealed a critical role of ADAMTS18 in neuronal morphogenesis and emotional control in mice.
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97
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Affiliation(s)
- WA Phillips
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
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98
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Cox RL, Calderon de Anda F, Mangoubi T, Yoshii A. Multiple Critical Periods for Rapamycin Treatment to Correct Structural Defects in Tsc-1-Suppressed Brain. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:409. [PMID: 30467464 PMCID: PMC6237075 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant neurogenetic disorder affecting the brain and other vital organs. Neurological symptoms include epilepsy, intellectual disability, and autism. TSC is caused by a loss-of-function mutation in the TSC1 or TSC2 gene. These gene products form a protein complex and normally suppress mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activity. mTOR inhibitors have been used to treat subependymal glioma (SEGA) that is a brain tumor characteristic of TSC. However, neuropathology of TSC also involves dysregulated cortical circuit formation including neuronal migration, axodendritic differentiation, and synapse formation. It is currently unknown to what extent mTOR signaling inhibitors correct an alteration in neuronal morphology that have already formed prior to the treatment. Here, we address the efficacy of rapamycin treatment on neuronal migration and dendrite formation. Using in utero electroporation, we suppressed Tsc1 expression in a fraction of neuronal progenitor cells during the fetal period. In embryonic brain slices, we found that more Tsc1-suppressed cells remained within the periventricular zone, and rapamycin treatment facilitated neuronal migration. Postnatally, Tsc1-suppressed pyramidal neurons showed more complex branching of basal dendrites and a higher spine density at postnatal day (P) 28. Aberrant arborization was normalized by rapamycin administration every other day between P1 and P13 but not P15 and P27. In contrast, abnormal spine maturation improved by rapamycin treatment between P15 and P27 but not P1 and P13. Our results indicate that there are multiple critical windows for correcting different aspects of structural abnormalities in TSC, and the responses depend on the stage of neuronal circuit formation. These data warrant a search for an additional therapeutic target to treat neurological symptoms of TSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Cox
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States.,Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
| | - Froylan Calderon de Anda
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States.,Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, Research Group Neuronal Development, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tomer Mangoubi
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Akira Yoshii
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States.,Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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99
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Kyrke-Smith M, Williams JM. Bridging Synaptic and Epigenetic Maintenance Mechanisms of the Engram. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:369. [PMID: 30344478 PMCID: PMC6182070 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
How memories are maintained, and how memories are lost during aging or disease, are intensely investigated issues. Arguably, the reigning theory is that synaptic modifications allow for the formation of engrams during learning, and sustaining engrams sustains memory. Activity-regulated gene expression profiles have been shown to be critical to these processes, and their control by the epigenome has begun to be investigated in earnest. Here, we propose a novel theory as to how engrams are sustained. We propose that many of the genes that are currently believed to underlie long-term memory are actually part of a “plasticity transcriptome” that underpins structural and functional modifications to neuronal connectivity during the hours to days following learning. Further, we hypothesize that a “maintenance transcriptome” is subsequently induced that includes epigenetic negative regulators of gene expression, particularly histone deacetylases. The maintenance transcriptome negatively regulates the plasticity transcriptome, and thus the plastic capability of a neuron, after learning. In this way, the maintenance transcriptome would act as a metaplasticity mechanism that raises the threshold for change in neurons within an engram, helping to ensure the connectivity is stabilized and memory is maintained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine Kyrke-Smith
- Department of Anatomy, The Brain Health Research Centre, Brain Research New Zealand - Rangahau Roro Aotearoa, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Department of Psychology, The Brain Health Research Centre, Brain Research New Zealand - Rangahau Roro Aotearoa, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Joanna M Williams
- Department of Anatomy, The Brain Health Research Centre, Brain Research New Zealand - Rangahau Roro Aotearoa, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Aamir SA, Muller P, Kiene G, Kriener L, Stradmann Y, Grubl A, Schemmel J, Meier K. A Mixed-Signal Structured AdEx Neuron for Accelerated Neuromorphic Cores. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS 2018; 12:1027-1037. [PMID: 30047897 DOI: 10.1109/tbcas.2018.2848203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Here, we describe a multicompartment neuron circuit based on the adaptive-exponential I&F (AdEx) model, developed for the second-generation BrainScaleS hardware. Based on an existing modular leaky integrate-and-fire (LIF) architecture designed in 65-nm CMOS, the circuit features exponential spike generation, neuronal adaptation, intercompartmental connections as well as a conductance-based reset. The design reproduces a diverse set of firing patterns observed in cortical pyramidal neurons. Further, it enables the emulation of sodium and calcium spikes, as well as N-methyl-D-aspartate plateau potentials known from apical and thin dendrites. We characterize the AdEx circuit extensions and exemplify how the interplay between passive and nonlinear active signal processing enhances the computational capabilities of single (but structured) on-chip neurons.
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